Danfoss Steering User guide

Technical Information

Steering

General, Steering Components

www.danfoss.com

Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Revision history	Table of revisions

	Date	Changed	Rev

	March 2021	Removed discontinued products, set revision number to match online catalog.	0701

		Changed document number from 'BC00000096' and '520L0468' to 'BC152886484183'	XX

	December 2019	Added EHi steering valve, various data changes including 'Oil temperature' in 'Technical	0501
		data common' section

	July 2017	Updated literature number	0401

	September 2015	Drawings updated	0400

	September 2014	Mistakes corrected	DA

	July 2014	Changed to Danfoss layout	CA

	December 2009	Steering column deleted	BA

	October 2002	First version	AA

2 | © Danfoss | March 2021

BC152886484183en-000701

Technical Information
General, Steering Components
Contents
A wide range of steering components
Conversion factors...........................................................................................................................................................................		7
Survey of literature on Danfoss steering components.......................................................................................................		7
Steering concepts
Hydrostatic steering........................................................................................................................................................................		8
Steering units OSPM/OSPB/OSPC/OSPF/OSPD/OSPU/OSPL......................................................................................		8
Flow-Amplifiers OSQA/OSQB ................................................................................................................................................		9
Electrohydraulic steering system................................................................................................................................................		9
Electrohydraulic steering.........................................................................................................................................................		9
Steering components, general
Steering Units: OSPM, OSPB, OSPC, OSPF, and OSPL........................................................................................................		10
Steering unit with 2 rotary meters: OSPD.............................................................................................................................		11
Steering unit with amplifier valve: OSPU..............................................................................................................................		12
Priority valves: OLSA and OLS....................................................................................................................................................		13
Flow-Amplifiers: OSQA and OSQB...........................................................................................................................................		14
Steering valve EHPS......................................................................................................................................................................		15
OSPE steering valve.......................................................................................................................................................................		17
OSPE exploded view and parts list.....................................................................................................................................		18
Steering components, product overview
Variant explanations.....................................................................................................................................................................		19
Steering components, main data and features
OSPM mini steering units............................................................................................................................................................		21
The OSPM mini-steering unit is available in three versions:.....................................................................................		21
Main data of OSPM...................................................................................................................................................................		21
Features of OSPM:....................................................................................................................................................................		21
OSPB, OSPC, OSPD open center steering units...................................................................................................................		21
OSPB ON............................................................................................................................................................................................		21
Main data of OSPB ON:...........................................................................................................................................................		22
OSPC ON/OR....................................................................................................................................................................................		22
Main data of OSPC ON:...........................................................................................................................................................		22
Main data of OSPC OR:............................................................................................................................................................		22
Features of OSPB and OSPC Open center steering units:..........................................................................................		22
OSPD ON/OR....................................................................................................................................................................................		23
Main data of OSPD ON:...........................................................................................................................................................		23
Main data of OSPD OR............................................................................................................................................................		23
Features of OSPD open center steering units:...............................................................................................................		23
OSPB closed center steering units OSPB CN........................................................................................................................		23
Main data of OSPB CN:............................................................................................................................................................		23
OSPB,OSPC, OSPF, OSPD, OSPU, OSPL, load sensing steering units...........................................................................		24
OSPB LS and OSPC LS/LSR..........................................................................................................................................................		24
The OSPB and OSPC Load Sensing steering unit is available in three versions:................................................		24
Main data of OSPB LS and OSPC LS:...................................................................................................................................		24
Main data of OSPC LSR:..........................................................................................................................................................		24
Features of OSPB and OSPC load sensing steering units:..........................................................................................		24
OSPF LS..............................................................................................................................................................................................		24
Main data of OSPF LS: .............................................................................................................................................................		25
Features of OSPF load sensing steering units:...............................................................................................................		25
OSPD LS/LSR....................................................................................................................................................................................		25
Main data of OSPD LS:.............................................................................................................................................................		25
Features of OSPD load sensing steering units:..............................................................................................................		25
Main data of OSPD LSR:..........................................................................................................................................................		25
OSPU LS.............................................................................................................................................................................................		26
Main data of OSPU LS:.............................................................................................................................................................		26
Features of OSPU load sensing steering units:..............................................................................................................		26
OSPL LS..............................................................................................................................................................................................		26
The OSPL load sensing steering unit is available in two versions:..........................................................................		26
Main data of OSPL LS:..............................................................................................................................................................		26
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Technical Information
General, Steering Components
Contents
	Features of OSPL load sensing steering units:...............................................................................................................	27
	OLSA/OLS priority valves.............................................................................................................................................................	27
	The OLSA and OLS priority valves are available in two versions:............................................................................	27
	Main data of OLSA:...................................................................................................................................................................	27
	Main data of OLS:......................................................................................................................................................................	27
	Main data of OLSP:...................................................................................................................................................................	28
	Features of OLSA and OLS priority valves:.......................................................................................................................	28
	OSQ Flow Amplifier.......................................................................................................................................................................	28
	The OSQ is available in two versions:................................................................................................................................	28
	Main data of OSQ:.....................................................................................................................................................................	28
	Features of OSQ flow-amplifier:..........................................................................................................................................	28
	Pilot steering units: OSPBX, OSPLX, OSPCX load sensing steering units...................................................................	29
	The “X LS” steering units are available in two versions:..............................................................................................	29
	Main data of the “X LS” steering units:..............................................................................................................................	29
	EHPS pilot operated steering valves.......................................................................................................................................	29
	EHPS type 0, hydrostatic steering system........................................................................................................................	29
	EHPS type 1, hydrostatic and electrohydraulic steering system.............................................................................	30
	EHPS type 2, hydrostatic and electrohydraulic steering system.............................................................................	30
	Main data of EHPS:..............................................................................................................................................................	30
	Features of EHPS:.................................................................................................................................................................	31
	Pilot steering Unit OSPCX CN for EHPS..................................................................................................................................	31
	Main data of the OSPC CN steering units:........................................................................................................................	31
	OSPE steering valve.......................................................................................................................................................................	31
	Main data of OSPE....................................................................................................................................................................	31
	Features of OSPE.......................................................................................................................................................................	32
	EHi steering valve...........................................................................................................................................................................	32
	Main data of EHi........................................................................................................................................................................	32
	Features of EHi...........................................................................................................................................................................	32
	OVPL and OVR valve blocks........................................................................................................................................................	33
	Main data of OVPL....................................................................................................................................................................	33
	Features of OVPL valve block...............................................................................................................................................	33
	OVR angular block....................................................................................................................................................................	33
Hydrostatic steering systems
	Open center steering system.....................................................................................................................................................	34
	Load sensing steering systems.................................................................................................................................................	34
	Features of load sensing static steering systems with Danfoss LS static steering units.................................	35
	Features of load sensing dynamic steering systems with Danfoss LS dynamic steering units....................	36
	Features of load sensing dynamic steering systems with Danfoss OSPF LS steering units..........................	37
Choice of steering concept and components
	Choice of steering concept and components.....................................................................................................................	38
	Legislation of steering systems.................................................................................................................................................	38
General Information
	Technical data common..............................................................................................................................................................	39
	Manual steering pressure............................................................................................................................................................	39
	Demands on steering columns............................................................................................................................................	40
	Steering components, main data and features.............................................................................................................	41
	Calculation of steering systems................................................................................................................................................	41
	Ackermann steering................................................................................................................................................................	41
	Cylinder........................................................................................................................................................................................	42
	Calculation example of steering cylinder .......................................................................................................................	43
	Calculation example of steering unit................................................................................................................................	44
	Calculation example of pump..............................................................................................................................................	44
	Steering wheel revolutions and steering speed............................................................................................................	44
	Calculation of LS steering system with working hydraulics......................................................................................	44
	Calculation of steering system with flow-amplifier OSQA/OSQB...........................................................................	45
	Calculation of steering system for articulated vehicle................................................................................................	45
	Articulated vehicle...................................................................................................................................................................	46
	Complete form..........................................................................................................................................................................	46
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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Contents

Pump for flow-amplifiers OSQA/OSQB ............................................................................................................................	47
Oil types.............................................................................................................................................................................................	47
Particle content, degree of contamination and filtering.................................................................................................	48
Installation........................................................................................................................................................................................	48
Tightening torques........................................................................................................................................................................	49
Starting up and running in.........................................................................................................................................................	49
Maintenance....................................................................................................................................................................................	50
Information on labels...................................................................................................................................................................	51
Examples of steering systems....................................................................................................................................................	51
OSPC ON .....................................................................................................................................................................................	51
OSPC OR.......................................................................................................................................................................................	52
OSPC LS + OLSA .......................................................................................................................................................................	52
OSPF + OLS.................................................................................................................................................................................	53
OSPD LS........................................................................................................................................................................................	53
OSPU LS........................................................................................................................................................................................	54
OSPBX LS and OSQA................................................................................................................................................................	55
2 x OSPBX LS and OSQB.........................................................................................................................................................	56
OSPBX LS and OSQA shown with electrically driven pump for emergency steering.amplification
during emergency steering...........................................................................................................................................	57
EHPS - type 1 steering valve with PVG 32, OSPCX pilot steering unit and PVRES joystick.............................	58
EHPS - type 2 steering valve with control module PVED, OSPCX pilot steering unit and joystick..............	59
OSPE in system with variable pump and GPS steering...............................................................................................	60
Load sensing steering system and load sensing working hydraulics with common oil supply from
a fixed displacement pump..........................................................................................................................................	61

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

A wide range of steering components

Danfoss is one of the largest producers in the world of steering components for hydrostatic steering systems on off-road vehicles. Danfoss offers steering solutions both at component and system levels. Our product range makes it possible to cover applications of all types, ranging from ordinary 2 wheel steering (also known as Ackermann steering) to articulated steering, automatic steering (for example, by sensor) and remote controlled steering via satellite. We can offer more than 1,800 different steering units and 250 different priority valves categorized in types, variants and sizes.

Danfoss offers:

For hydrostatic steering systems:

Product type	Displacement	Rated Flow	Steering Pressure

Mini steering units	32 – 100 cm3/rev	max. 20 l/min	max. 150 bar
	[1.95 – 6.10 in3/rev]	[5.28 US gal/min]	[2180 psi]
Steering units	40 – 1200 cm3/rev	max. 100 l/min	max. 240 bar
	[2.44 to 73.2 in3/rev]	[26.4 US gal/min]	[3481 psi]
Priority valves	–	40, 80, 120, 160, 320 l/min	max. 350 bar
		[10.6, 21.1, 31.7, 42.3, 84.5	[5076 psi]
		US gal/min]
Pilot operated flow-	–	240 and 400 l/min [63.4 and	max. 240 bar
amplifiers (factors: 4, 5, 8,		105.7 US gal/min]	[3480 psi]
or 10)
Pilot operated steering	–	max. 100 l/min	max. 250 bar
valves		[26.4 US gal/min]	[3625 psi]

For electrohydraulic steering systems

Product type	Displacement	Rated flow	Steering pressure

Pilot operated steering	-	100 l/min [26.4 US gal/min]	250 bar [3625 psi]
valves

Integrated electrical	100 - 500 cm3/rev	50 l/min [13.2 US gal/min]	210 bar [3045 psi]
operated steering valve	[6.10 - 30.51 in3]
Electrical operated	-	70 l/min [18.5 US gal/min]	210 bar [3045 psi]
steering valve

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

A wide range of steering components

Characteristic features for steering units:

•Low steering torque: from 0.5 to 3 N•m in normal steering situations

•Low noise level

•Low pressure drop

•Many types available: Open center Non-reaction, Open center Reaction, Power Beyond, Closed center Non-reaction, Load Sensing, Load Sensing Reaction

•One or more built-in valve functions: relief valve, shock valves, suction valves, non-return valve in P- line and LS-line

•Optional port connections according to ISO, SAE or DIN standards

Characteristics for EH steering systems with OSPE, EHPS, and EHi:

•Possibility of GPS, row sensor, variable steering ratio and joystick steering

•Possibility of manual steering even on very heavy vehicles

•EHPS:

‒High steering pressure requiring smaller cylinders and flow

‒Low pilot pressure and flow giving extremely low noise in the cabin

‒Combined with Danfoss PVG 32 proportional valve

Conversion factors

1 N•m = [8.851 lbf•in]	1 l = [0.264 US gal]
1 N = [0.2248 lbf]	1 bar = [14.5 psi]
1 mm = [0.0394 in]	°F = [1.8°C + 32]
1 cm3 = [0.061 in3]

Survey of literature on Danfoss steering components

Detailed data on all Danfoss steering components and accessories can be found in our steering component catalogs, which is divided in to the following individual sub catalogs:

General information	Steering components

Technical data on mini steering units	OSPM

Technical data on open center, and closed center	OSPB, OSPC, and OSPD
steering units

Technical data on load sensing steering units, priority	OSPB, OSPC, OSPF, OSPD, OSPL, OSPBX, OSPLX, OVPL,
valves and flow amplifiers	OLS and OSQ

Technical data on load sensing steering unit with	OSPU
amplification

Technical data on hydraulic and EH pilot operated	EHPS, EHPS w. OLS 320, PVE for EHPS and OSPCX
steering valves, electrical actuation modules and
appropriate steering units.

Technical data on combined steering unit/EH steering	OSPE
valves and steering wheel sensors

Technical data on electrohydraulic steering valves	EHi

Technical data on steering wheel sensors	SASA

For technical information on individual variants, please contact the Danfoss Sales Organization.

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering concepts

Hydrostatic steering

Danfoss steering components are used in vehicles where the driver has to control high steering forces, reliably, comfortably and with maximum safety.

Steering units OSPM/OSPB/OSPC/OSPF/OSPD/OSPU/OSPL

The operation of Danfoss steering units OSPis hydrostatic. That is to say, there is no mechanical connection between the steering column and the steered wheels.

Instead there are hydraulic pipes and hoses between steering unit and steering cylinder(s). When the steering wheel is turned, the steering unit meters out an oil volume proportional to the rate of rotation of the steering wheel. This volume is directed to the appropriate side of the steering cylinder, while simultaneously the displaced oil is directed to tank.

In open center systems the steering unit is supplied with oil from a separate pump with fixed displacement.

Open center hydrostatic steering system

In load sensing (LS) systems one pump can supply oil to steering system and to working hydraulics. A priority valve ensures that steering always has first priority.

Load sensing hydrostatic steering system

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering concepts

Flow-Amplifiers OSQA/OSQB

In large vehicles and ships the steering units can be used withDanfoss Flow-amplifiers which amplify the oil flow to the steering cylinders. These systems with steering units and flowamplifiers also include an inbuilt priority valve which ensures that the steering takes priority.

When the steering wheel is turned, the oil flow is divided in the flowamplifier in such a way as to ensure that the necessary oil flow is led to the steering system.

The rest of the oil flow is available for the working hydraulics.

Load sensing hydrostatic steering system with flow amplifier

Electrohydraulic steering system

Electrohydraulic steering

On loaders, large forklift trucks, dumpers, heavy tractors, combine harvesters, maize harvesters and other similar machines there is often need for electrically actuated steering either in the form of a joystick, or fully automatic.

For this purpose Danfoss offers:

Combined steering unit and electro hydraulic steering valve, OSPE: OSP for normal manual steering wheel activated steering and E for electro hydraulic steering activated by electrical input signal either from GPS or vehicle controller or from steering wheel sensor (Danfoss type SASA) for variable steering ratio. In variable steering mode, the electro hydraulic valve part adds flow to the metered out flow from the steering unit part of the OSPE.

Pilot operated steering valve, EHPS: Electro Hydraulic Power Steering: Electrohydraulic steering system A basic system (type 0) consists of a pilot steering unit as the signal

source and an EHPS valve block which controls oil flow to the steering cylinders proportional to the pilot flow. The system can be extended to include an electrical actuator so that, as an alternative, it becomes possible to steer with a joystick (EHPS type 1).

In addition, the valve block can be supplied with built-in micro controller and safety critical steering software (EHPS type 2). A steering system with EHPS type 2 means no steering wheel drift and posibility of variable sterring ratio.

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

Steering Units: OSPM, OSPB, OSPC, OSPF, and OSPL

The steering unit consists of a rotary valve and a rotary meter.

Via a steering column the steering unit is connected to the steering wheel of the vehicle. When the steering wheel is turned, oil is directed from the steering system pump via the rotary valve (spool and sleeve) and rotary meter (gear wheel set) to the cylinder ports L or R, depending on the direction of turn. The rotary meter meters the oil flow to the steering cylinder in proportion to the angular rotation of the steering wheel. If the oil flow from the steering system pump is too small, the steering unit can function as a manual pump - assuming the conditions as described in Manual steering pressure on page 39.

1	Check valve	8	Cross pin
2	Shock valve	9	Cardan shaft
3	Relief valve	10	Distributor plate
4	Housing with anticavitation valves	11	Gear wheel
5	Spool	12	Gear rim
6	Neutral position spring	13	End cover
7	Sleeve

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

Steering unit with 2 rotary meters: OSPD

The basic function of this type is like the main group of Danfoss steering units, except the gearwheel set (rotary meter). OSPD has 2 rotary meters, which are mechanically connected. A shift valve determines whether only one or both rotary meters are active. In the case of no pump supply only one rotary meter is active for emergency steering. In normal steering situations both rotary meters are active.

	4
	5
		4
			4
			5
			6	150-583.12
				150-583.12
1	Housing with spool/sleeve set and valves	4	Distributor plates
2	Cardan shafts	5	Gear wheel sets
3	Shift valve complete	6	End cover

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

Steering unit with amplifier valve: OSPU

The basic function of this type is like the main group of Danfoss steering units, except the rotary valve and a torque compensator valve. The rotary valve (spool/sleeve set) of OSPU has an amplification function, which adds flow directly to the cylinder ports in parallel with oil passing through the rotary meter (gear wheel set). In the case of no pump supply (emergency steering) only the gear wheel set meters oil to the cylinder ports. The function of the torque compensator valve is to assure constant amplification.

1	Amplification valve parts	7	Cross pin
2	Housing with valve parts	8	Cardan shaft
3	LS copy valve	9	Distributor plate
4	Spool	10	Gear wheel set
5	Neutral position spring	11	End cover
6	Sleeve

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

Priority valves: OLSA and OLS

In systems with Danfoss priority valves and load sensing steering units, steering has first priority. When the steering wheel is turned, the oil flow is distributed in the priority valve in such a way that the oil flow necessary for steering is led to the steering unit through the CF (controlled flow) connection. The remaining oil flow is available for the working hydraulics through the EF (excess flow) connection.

The distribution is controlled by the LS signal from the steering unit, so that the oil flow to the steering unit is always determined by the actual steering rate.

1	Plug	4	Housing
2	Damping orifice (PP)	5	Spring
3	Spool	6	LS-plug with LS-orifice

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

Flow-Amplifiers: OSQA and OSQB

The flow-amplifiers OSQA and OSQB contain a directional valve, an amplification valve, a priority valve, a pilot pressure relief valve, shock and suction valves.

In addition OSQB contains a back pressure valve. The flow-amplifier amplifies the oil flow from the steering unit cylinder ports L or R by an amplification factor of 4, 5, 8, 10 or 20.

The amplified oil flow is directed from the flow-amplifier ports CL or CR to the steering cylinder(s). The amplified flow is proportional to the rate of the steering wheel rotation. If the oil flow from the pump fails, the flow-amplifier cuts off the amplification and manual steering through the steering unit is possible under the same conditions as those mentioned in the section: Manual steering pressure on page 39.

The pressure drop through the flow-amplifier at manual steering is about 5 bar [72.5 psi].

1	Housing	5	Pilot pressure relief valve
2	Shock and suction valves	6	Priority valve
3	Back pressure valve	7	Amplification valve
4	Directional spool

BC152886484183en-000701

Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

Steering valve EHPS

The EHPS is a pilot operated directional valve. Oil from a pilot steering unit or an electrical signal can actuate the steering valve.

Basicly the EHPS valve contains a directional valve, a priority valve, a pilot relief valve, a pilot pressure control valve, and shockand suction valves.

An electric actuation module, PVE, can be fitted onto the EHPS valve. In the type 1 system the controller is operated by an analog signal and the type 2 system the signal is digital with Canbus interface and it comprises a micro processor with safety critcal steering software.

The pilot for the directional valve in EHPS can be supplied either by the flow from steering unit (cylinder port L or R), or by the flow from the electric actuation module PVE/PVED.

5 11 6

1	11	2	3

			7
		2	10
	2	2
	2
	9		P301 018
1	Electrical actuation module PVE/PVED	6	Pilot pressure valve for electrical actuating
			module
2	Housing	7	Priority valve
3	Directional spool	8	Cover
4	Shock and suction valve	9	Emergency steering valve

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

5	Pilot pressure reduction valve for steering unit	10	Pilot pressure relief valve
		11	Shuttle valves

BC152886484183en-000701

Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

OSPE steering valve

OSPE with an electrical programmable module (PVED-CL) the following steering features in electro hydraulic steer mode/field mode are possible:

•GPS-steering

•Row sensor/ camera steering

•Joy stick or mini st. wheel steering

•Variable steering ratio

•Speed depending steering ratio

The following block diagram shows all input devices possible for the PVED-CL actuator/controller. Detailed description is to be found in seperate literature, PVED-CL User Manual, please contact Danfoss Sales Organization.

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, general

OSPE exploded view and parts list

9, 10, 11

14, 15, 17

16
7
21	13
	13
	12
2

			5
			P301 216
1	Shock valves	12	Control valve for mode select
2	Suction valves	13	Pilot reduction valve, 12 bar
3	Spool/sleeve set	14	PP damping orifice
5	Gear set	15	Priority valve spool
7	Mode select and EH cut off valve	16	Priority valve spring
8	EH directional valve	17	Dynamic orifice
9	PVE control unit	18	Pilot pressure relief valve
10	LVDT transducer	21	PVFC valve/LS resolver
11	Solenoid valve bridge	22	Neutral spring package for spool/sleeve

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Technical Information

General, Steering Components

Steering components, product overview

Type	Variants	Description

Steering units

OSPM	ON, PB,	Mini steering unit for smaller vehicles
	LSd

OSPB	ON, CN,	Steering unit with no valve functions
	LS,

OSPC	ON, OR,	Steering unit with valve functions
	ORM, LS,
	LSd, LSR,
	LSRd,
	LSRMd

OSPF	LSd	Steering unit full drain dynamic load sensing and with valve functions

OSPD	ON, LSd,	Steering unit with 2 displacements and with valve functions
	LSRd,
	LSRMd

OSPU	LSd	Steering unit with flow amplification and with valve functions

OSPL	LS, LSd	Steering unit for larger vehicles

OSPBX	LS	Pilot steering unit for OSQ static

OSPLX	LS	Pilot steering unit for OSQ static

OSPCX	LSd	Pilot steering unit for OSQ dynamic

OSPCX	CN	Pilot steering unit for EHPS

Priority valves

OLSA	LS, LSd	Priority valve for flanging on steering unit

OLS	LS, LSd	Priority valve for in line use

OLSP	LS, LSd	Priority valve for flanging on gear pumps

Flow-Amplifiers

OSQA	LS	Flow-amplifier

OSQB	LS	Flow-amplifier with back pressure valve

Steering valve

EHPS	LSd	Pilot operated steering valve
type 0

Electrohydraulic power steering

EHPS	LSd	Pilot operated steering valve with electrical actuation module
type 1

EHPS	LSd	Pilot operated steering valve with programmable electrical actuation module
type 2

OSPE	LSd,	Combined steering unit/electrohydraulic steering valve
	LSRMd

EHi	LS, LSd	Electrohydraulic steering valve for in-line use

Valve blocks

OVPL	-	Valve block for OSPL

OVR	-	Angular block for side ported steering units

Variant explanations

•ON: Open center Non-reaction

•LS: Load Sensing, static

•OR: Open center Reaction

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