How to use solenoid valves
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How to use
solenoid valves
This booklet has been compiled to help in the installation of
compact and high performance solenoid valves and in
locating faults in systems with solenoid valves.
The compact range has small physical dimensions for control
of flow where space is limited.
The high performance range is a sturdy and universal valve
program for control of flow in industrial plants and within
heating and sanitary systems.
Note that this booklet describes only brass solenoid valves.
For other types, please contact Danfoss.
If you need help choosing a solenoid valve, visit the online
valve selector at valveselector.danfoss.com
Danfoss solenoid valve bodies and electrical coils are normally
supplied separately and then combined together. They are
assembled quickly and simply without any tools.
This provides optimum product flexibility and availability. If a
coil needs replacement it can be done without stopping or
draining any system.
The solenoid valves are also available as assembled units if
required.
Option 1: Identification using silver label (← 2011)
Illustration 1 shows the label with relevant information that is
attached to the coil.
The example here is from an EV220B solenoid valve:
15: 15 mm orifice
B: Brass body material
G 12: ISO 228/1, 1/2 inch connection
E: EPDM seal material
NC: Normally closed
If the the coil label cannot be read, the valve can be identified
from the letter/number combination stamped in the valve body.
Example:
506U4042
Week 50 2006 042U4042
The coil type (BQ024CS) is printed on the front of the coil as
well as voltage (V) and frequency (Hz) - see illustration 2.
Printing on armature tube replaces silver labels and date /
code no. stamping for identification of the valve.
Type Designation
EV220B = Valve type
15 = 15 mm orifice
B = Brass body material
G 12 = ISO 228/1, ½ inch connection
E = EPDM seal material
NC = Normally closed
667 = Options
BB230A = Coil
To be able to operate correctly, all solenoid valves must be
installed with the arrow cast on the body pointing in the
direction of flow.
Water hammer is a typical result of high liquid velocity
(high pressure and high flow velocity through small pipe
diameters).
There are several reasonable solutions to the problem:
1. Reduce the pressure by installing a pressure reduction
valve ahead of the solenoid valve. If possible, increase the
pipe diameter.
2. Damp the water hammer by installing a flexible hose or
flexible buffer ahead of the solenoid valve.
3. Use a solenoid valve of the type EV220B 15 – EV220B 50.
The equalizing orifice can be replaced by a version with
smaller diameter. This gives a longer closing time (see
Servo-operated and
assisted lift
servo-operated valves
Danfoss recommends that the solenoid valve be installed
with coil upwards. This minimises the risk of dirt collecting in
the armature tube.
If “clean” media is used, i.e. media containing no dirt particles,
the solenoid valve will operate when installed in the
orientation as shown below.
Check to ensure that the coil operating voltage is correct
(see text on coil, in “Volt”). Also ensure that the data is correct
(voltage and frequency) and matches the supply. If the two
sets of data do not correspond, the coil might burn out.
As far as possible, always choose single-frequency coils; they
give off less heat than double-frequency versions.
The coil has three pins. The middle pin is marked according to
the illustration (left) and must be used for earthing.
The two other pins are coil terminals and either can be used
for the phase or neutral supply. The terminals can be used
respectively for phase and neutral as required.
Please note for high performance range!
When mounting the clip-on coil, simply press it gently onto
the armature, until it clicks into place. An O-ring should be
fitted over the armature tube before fitting the coil.
Cable entries must always be screwed in correctly.
The cable must be installed as shown in the illustration to
avoid water running into the terminal box.
To avoid moisture penetrating in the terminal box, the whole
cable diameter must be secured in the entry. For this reason,
always use round cables as they are the only type that can be
effectively sealed.
Note the colours on the cable leads. Yellow/green is always
earth. The other leads should be for the phase and neutral
supply.
Please note for clip-on coils:
When replacing a coil, use a screwdriver to lever it from the
armature.
Caution: Before removing a coil, voltage must be
disconnec ted, otherwise the coil will burn out.
With only a few clicks Danfoss Product Selector can help you find the right product for
stan dard applications.
The tool is developed to help wholesalers, retailers, installers and the end user to clarify
their needs within solenoid valves.
With Danfoss’ web based tool, you can access anywhere; from your laptop or smartphone,
as long as you have internet acces.
In the solenoid valve selector you only need to know 5 things:
1 Medium
2 System
3 Function
4 Connection size
5 Coil voltage
The Danfoss selector then presents a result for you which can be sent to your email, SMS or be
printed out.
Danfoss though recommends OEM-customers, which typically get customized products for
their applications, to contact their Danfoss distributor.
See how easy it is:
http://valveselector.danfoss.com/
If you do not have internet access try indentify all relevant parameters.
This includes:
1 Capacity / Kv - value
2 Pressure conditions
3 Media conditions
4 Other conditions
Capacity / Kv - value:
1 Specifies how many m3/ hour (capacity) water is passing through the valve at a
differential pressure at 1 bar.
2 Is a result of all the different constants coming from shape of orifices, units etc.
which are reduced to one new constant, the k
3 Is used to calculate capacity:
4 ρ = density (kg / m
5 ΔP = P
- P
1
3
)
2
Q = Kv
Pressure conditions
Open system (system with drain)
In an open system the pressure conditions are well-defined.
This enables clarification as to whether there is sufficient pressure differential to be able to
open a servo-operated valve. The following types of valves are well-suited for use in open
systems:
EV210B and EV310B direct-operated solenoid valves
EV220B, EV220A and EV225B servo-operated solenoid valves
Closed circuit (circulating system)
In a closed circuit system the pressure conditions are undefined. Therefore a solenoid valve
capable of opening without pressure differential is required.
Valves in the standard range are designed for pressure of max 6–30 bar – the actual figure
depends on the type of valve.
The product range includes valves for special application, designed for pressures of up to 80 bar.
The large standard range combined with these valves enable the use of Danfoss solenoid valves
for all types of systems, wether with normal or more extreme inlet pressures.
Differential pressure/ MOPD
1 Difference between inlet pressure and outlet pressure (∆P = P1 - P2).
2 Max. permissible differential pressure against which the valve can open
3 Also specified as MOPD: Maximum Opening Pressure Differential
4 MOPD specifies the differential pressure value in worst case:
• 100 % duty rate
• Maximum medium and ambient temperature
• Nominel voltage, typically -10%
5 Specified pressure is often limited by endurance demands more than MOPD
Media conditions
The valves are designed to resist the temperatures normally found in industrial applications.
If the temperature is outside these limits, there is a risk of the valve not functioning correctly
because of, for example, rubber materials becoming hard. Exceeding the temperature rating
can also result in the shortening of valve life. If the valve is to be used in a special application,
with a temperature in excess of the rated limits, there are valves available in the product range
which have been designed for use in higher temperature systems.
The valves have been designed for use with different media.
In general the following is valid:
Valves containing EPDM-rubber are suitable for water and steam*.
Valves containing FKM-/NBR-rubber are suitable for oil and air.
Incorrect use of valve types:
1 If a valve containing EPDM-rubber is used for a medium containing oil (compressed air
normally contains particles of oil from the compressor) the rubber will expand and the
valve will not be able to function optimally.
2 A valve containing FKM-/NBR-rubber can be used for water. However for servo-operated
valves, the water temperature must be kept below 60 °C for FKM, 90 °C for NBR. If this
temperature is exceeded it will have a negative effect on the life of the valve.
Other media
For slightly aggressive media (e.g. demineralised water) dezincificationresistant brass valves
must be used. Stainless steel valves are used for more aggressive media.
*For steam temperatures above 120 °C there is a type of valve especially designed for steam
Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature must be within certain limits for the coil to function optimally.
See data sheet for coils.
All piping systems with relatively high flow rates are susceptible to water hammer when a
valve is opened or closed. A damped solenoid valve ( eg. EV220B 15–50) should be used if
there is a risk of water hammer. After installation the valve can be adjusted for water hammer
by changing a replaceable equalizing orifice. See "Spareparts" page 32.
Filter
In systems with contaminated media there is a risk of moving parts in a valve not working as
intended. Dirt is the most common cause of function failure in solenoid valves. To help avoid
this problem we suggest the fitting of a filter on the upstream side of the valve.
Coil voltage and power
It is necessary to know which voltage (Volt AC/DC nominel ± 10%) is available within an
application to select the correct coil. The maximum permissible differential pressure can also
be increased by fitting a more powerful coil. The coil power depends on the type of coil (BA,
BB, AM etc.).
Other environmental factors
In wet or very humid environments, coils with IP67 enclosure classification must be used.
Valve function
Most industrial systems operate with a de-energised closed valve (NC = normally closed).
Our valve range also offers de-energised open valves (NO = normally open) for applications
requiring this feature.
EV210B covers a wide range of direct-operated 2/2-way solenoid
valves for universal use. EV210B is a real robust valve program
with high performance and can be used in all kind of tough
working conditions.
EV310B is a direct-operated 3/2- way solenoid valve. The valve is
especially used in connection with air-operated valves to allow air
supply and air relief for the air actuator.
EV220B 6–22 is a direct servo-operated 2/2-way solenoid valve
program. This program is especially for OEM applications demanding a robust solution and moderate flow rates.
EV220B 15–50 is a universal indirect servo-operated 2/2-way
solenoid valve program. Valve body in brass, dezincification
resistant brass and stainless steel ensures that a broad variety of
applications can be covered.
EV250B with assisted lift is especially to use in closed circuits with
low differential pressure, but demanding moderate flow rates.
Valve body in DZR brass ensures a long life, even in connection
with aggressive steam media.
The EV225B design is based on a PTFE diaphragm and valve body
in dezincification resistant brass, ensuring high reliable function
and long life even in connection with contaminated steam.
Coil consumptionSupply voltage / frequency1)Code number
BB coils (IP65)
10 W without cable plug 220 – 230 V AC / 50 Hz018F7351
10 W without cable plug 110 V AC / 50-60 Hz 018F7360
10 W without cable plug 24 V AC / 50 Hz018F7358
18 W without cable plug24 V AC018F7397
Cable plug for BB coils042N0156
BE coil (IP67)
10W with terminal box 220 – 230 V AC / 50 Hz018F6701
10W with terminal box 115 V AC / 50 Hz018F6711
10W with terminal box 48 V AC / 50 Hz 018F6709
10W with terminal box 24 V AC / 50 Hz018F6707
18W with terminal box 24 V AC018F6757
BG coils (IP67)
20 W with terminal box24 V AC018F6857
BQ coil
10W without cable plug230 V AC / 50 Hz 018F4511
10W without cable plug110 V AC / 50 Hz 018F4519
10W without cable plug24 V AC / 50 Hz 018F4517
Cable plug for BQ coils042N0156
For installations sensitive to noise
BN coil (hum-free, IP65)
20 W with 1 m cable220 – 230 V AC / 50-60 Hz018F7301
1)
For other voltages or coil types, see coil data sheet.
With the larger valves, very short closing times can cause
water hammer.
The EV220B servo-operated valves have damped closing and
fulfil EN60730-2-8 specifications.
The table gives the opening/closing times of the various
types, but it must be emphasised that tube dimensions /
lengths and differences in operating conditions - especially
pressure - can cause deviations from the values given.
Please note for high performance type.
EV220B 15 – EV220B 50 closing times can be changed by
replacing the equalizing orifice at the inlet side of the valve
(see "Water hammer" page 17, and "Spare parts" page 32). To
decrease water hammer, choose a smaller equalizing orifice.
The table shows the opening and closing times depending
on the equalizing orifice chosen (standard times marked in
bold). The times stated cover water as a medium, and are
for guidance only. Tube dimensions / lengths and operating
conditions, for example differential pressure, may influence
the values.
No voltage on coilCheck whether valve is de-energised open or closed (NO
Incorrect voltage / frequencyCheck to make sure the coil's electrical require ments are
Coil burnt outSee page 31.
Diff. pressure too highCheck coil data. If necessary, replace coil with correct version.
Diff. pressure too lowCheck coil data and differential pressure. If necessary,
Damaged / bent armature tubeReplace valve.
Dirt at diaphragm
Dirt in valve seat / dirt in armature /
armature tube
2)
2)
CorrosionReplace defective component(s)
Components missing after valve
dismantling
1)
See "Spare parts" page 32
2)
If there is repeated build up of dirt in the armature / armature tube, consider the installation af an isolating
diaphragm kit, if applicable (see "Spare parts" page 32)
or NC):
1. Use a magnetic detector
2. Lift coil slightly and note whether it offers resistance
against lifting
Note: Never remove a coil with voltage applied - it may
burn out.
Check relay contacts. Check lead connections. Check fuses.
the same as the installation supply. Measure the operating
voltage at the coil. Permissible voltage variation:
±10% for dual frequency; DC and NO applications
+10% / -15% for AC on single frequency voltages
If necessary, replace coil with correct version.
Reduce differential pressure, e.g. by limiting inlet pressure.
replace coil with correct version.
Clean diaphragm. If necessary, replace defective
component(s)1).
Clean valve; if necessary, replace defective component(s).
Symptom: Solenoid valve does not close/partly closes
Probable causeRemedy
Voltage remains on coilFirst lift coil slightly and note whether it offers
Dirt in or closed pilot orifice /
equalizing piece
Manual opening unit cannot be
screwed back after use.
Pulsation in pressure line.
Differential pressure too high in
open position.
Pressure on outlet side periodically
higher than pressure on inlet side.
Damaged / bent armature tubeReplace valve.
Defective valve plate, diaphragm
or valve seat
Diaphragm upside downCheck correct installation of valve
Dirt in valve seat/dirt in armature
tube
Corrosion, pilot / main orificeReplace defective components.
Valve installed wrong way roundCheck liquid flow direction and make sure the arrow is
Components missing after valve
dismantling
1)
See "Spare parts" page 32
resistance.
Note: Never remove a coil with voltage applied - it might
burn out.
Check wiring diagram and wiring.
Check relay contacts.
Check lead connections.
Clean orifice with needle or similar (max. dia. 0.5 mm).
Blow clean with compressed air.
If necessary, replace defective component(s).
Check position of opening unit and adjust as necessary.
Check valve data.
Check pressure and liquid flow.
Replace valve with one more suitable.
Check rest of installation.
Check pressure and liquid flow.
Replace defective component(s)
1)
.
1)
.
Clean valve; if necessary, replace defective components.
Temperature of medium too highCheck valve and coil data in relation to installation
Ambient temperature too highIf possible, move valve to colder surroundings.
If necessary, change to correct coil type.
Check wiring diagram and wiring.
Check maximum voltage variation:
Permissible voltage variation:
±10% for dual frequency; DC and NO applications
+10% / -15% for AC on single frequency voltages
Check rest of installation for possible short-circuiting.
Check lead connections at coil.
When fault has been found, replace coil. (See also "Coil" in
section "Installation"). Consider fitting a 'clip-on' style coil
with addional sealing O-ring (for high performance range only)
Replace defective component(s).
Remove dirt.
specification.
Change to suitable coil or valve.
Check valve and coil data in relation to installation
specification.
Increase ventilation around valve and coil.
The manual opening unit for EV220B 15 – EV220B 50 can be
used to open and close the valve in the event of power failure
or when applying test pressure.
Material
Brass, size
DN 15–32, seal NBR
Brass, size
DN 40–50, seal NBR
Stainless steel, seal
NBR
Media
temperature [°C]Code number
-10 – 90032U0150
-10 – 90032U0260
-10 – 90032U0149
Used for manual override in event of power failure.
Avoids build up of contaminates that can block movement of
the armature. Permits use of more agressive media that would
normally attack the armature. Gel filled; guarentees operation
after long periods on inactivity.
Locking button and nut for the coil
Armature with valve plate and spring
O-ring for the armature tube
Spring and diaphragm
2 O-rings for the pilot system
O-ring and gasket for the equalizing orifice
Equalizing orifice
TypeSeal materialCode number
EV220B 15EPDM
EV220B 20EPDM
EV220B 25EPDM
EV220B 32EPDM
EV220B 40EPDM
EV220B 50EPDM
Spare parts sets are also available for Danfoss EV220B valves with other
seal materials.
An equalizing orifice includes 2 O-rings. The valves closing
time can be changed by installing an equalizing orifice of a
size which deviates from the standard valve:
• A shorter closing time is obtained with a larger orifice
(the shorter closing time, the greater risk of water
hammering)
• A longer closing time is obtained with a smaller orifice.
See also “Opening and closing times”, page 25.
Equalizing
orifice size
[mm]Seal material Applicable in Code number
EV220B 15
0.5EPDM
0.8EPDM
1.2FKM
1.2EPDM
1.4FKM
Equalizing orifice sets are also available for Danfoss EV220B valves
with other seal materials.
This handy key ring tool reacts to magnetic fields from
solenoid valves. Place the indicator close to the coil, and the
red-white disc will prove the coil to be active by rotating.
With this tool it is possible to operate solenoid valves without
wiring up the electrical coil.
Please contact your local Danfoss office to obtain these popular tools.