Danfoss FC 361 Design guide

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ENGINEERING TOMORROW

Design Guide

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

90–315 kW, Enclosure Sizes J8–J9

vlt-drives.danfoss.com

Contents Design Guide

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide

1.2 Additional Resources

1.3 Document and Software Version

1.4 Approvals and Certications

1.5 Conventions

2 Safety

2.1 Safety Symbols

2.2 Qualied Personnel

2.3 Safety Precautions

3 Product Overview and Features

3.1 Power Ratings, Weights, and Dimensions

3.2 Automated Operational Features

3.3 Custom Application Features

3.4 Dynamic Braking Overview

3.5 Back-channel Cooling Overview

4 Options and Accessories Overview

4.1 Fieldbus Devices

4.2 Functional Extensions

5 Specications

5.1 Electrical Data, 380-480 V

5.2 Mains Supply

5.3 Motor Output and Motor Data

5.4 Ambient Conditions

5.5 Cable Specications

5.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data

5.7 Enclosure Weights

5.8 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions

6 Mechanical Installation Considerations

6.1 Storage

6.2 Lifting the Unit

6.3 Operating Environment

6.4 Mounting Congurations

6.5 Cooling

6.6 Derating

Contents VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7 Electrical Installation Considerations

7.1 Safety Instructions

7.2 Wiring Schematic

7.3 Connections

7.4 Control Wiring and Terminals

7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers

7.6 Motor

7.7 Residual Current Devices (RCD) and Insulation Resistance Monitor (IRM)

7.8 Leakage Current

7.9 IT Mains

7.10 Eciency

7.11 Acoustic Noise

7.12 dU/dt Conditions

7.13 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Overview

7.14 EMC-compliant Installation

7.15 Harmonics Overview

8 Basic Operating Principles of a Drive

8.1 Description of Operation

8.2 Drive Controls

9 Application Examples

9.1 Programming a Closed-loop Drive System

9.2 Wiring for Open-loop Speed Control

9.3 Wiring for Start/Stop

9.4 Wiring for External Alarm Reset

9.5 Wiring for a Motor Thermistor

9.6 Wiring Conguration for the Encoder

10 How to Order a Drive

10.1 Drive Congurator

10.2 Ordering Numbers for Options and Accessories

10.3 Spare Parts

11 Appendix

11.1 Abbreviations and Symbols

11.2 Denitions

11.3 RS485 Installation and Set-up

11.4 RS485: FC Protocol Overview

11.5 RS485: FC Protocol Telegram Structure

11.6 RS485: FC Protocol Parameter Examples

Contents Design Guide

11.7 RS485: Modbus RTU Overview

11.8 RS485: Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

11.9 RS485: Modbus RTU Message Function Codes

11.10 RS485: Modbus RTU Parameters

11.11 RS485: FC Control Prole

Index

Introduction VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide

This design guide is intended for:

Project and systems engineers.

•

Design consultants.

•

Application and product specialists.

•

The design guide provides technical information to understand the capabilities of the drive for integration into motor control and monitoring systems.

VLT® is a registered trademark.

1.2 Additional Resources

Other resources are available to understand advanced drive functions and programming.

The operating guide provides detailed information

•

for the installation and start-up of the drive.

The programming guide provides greater detail on

•

working with parameters and many application examples.

Instructions for operation with optional

•

equipment.

Supplementary publications and manuals are available from Danfoss. See %3Adocumentation%2Csegment%3Adds for listings.

Document and Software Version

1.3

This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome. Table 1.1 shows the version of the manual and the corresponding software version.

Manual version Remarks Software version

MG06K1xx First edition. 1.0x

Table 1.1 Manual and Software Version

www.danfoss.com/en/search/?lter=type

Approvals and Certications

1.4

Drives are designed in compliance with the directives described in this section.

1.4.1 CE Mark

The CE mark (Conformité Européenne) indicates that the product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU directives.

The EU directives applicable to the design and manufacture of drives are:

The Low Voltage Directive.

•

The EMC Directive.

•

The Machinery Directive (for units with an

•

integrated safety function).

The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU. The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product. Technical specications cannot be deduced from the CE mark.

1.4.2 Low Voltage Directive

Drives are classied as electronic components and must be CE-labeled in accordance with the Low Voltage Directive. The directive applies to all electrical equipment in the 50– 1000 V AC and the 75–1500 V DC voltage ranges.

The directive mandates that the equipment design must ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is properly installed, maintained, and used as intended. Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity upon request.

Introduction Design Guide

1.4.3 EMC Directive

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electromagnetic interference between pieces of equipment does not hinder their performance. The basic protection requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or whose operation could be aected by EMI must be designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.

A drive can be used as stand-alone device or as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of these cases must bear the CE mark. Systems must not be CE-marked but must comply with the basic protection requirements of the EMC directive.

1.5 Conventions

Numbered lists indicate procedures.

•

Bullet lists indicate other information and

•

description of illustrations.

Italicized text indicates:

•

- Cross-reference.

- Link.

- Footnote.

- Parameter name, parameter group

name, parameter option.

All dimensions in drawings are in mm (in).

•

An asterisk (*) indicates a default setting of a

•

parameter.

1 1

Safety VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

2 Safety

2.1 Safety Symbols

The following symbols are used in this guide:

WARNING

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in minor or moderate injury. It can also be used to alert against unsafe practices.

NOTICE

Indicates important information, including situations that can result in damage to equipment or property.

2.2 Qualied Personnel

Only qualied personnel are allowed to install or operate this equipment.

WARNING

DISCHARGE TIME

The drive contains DC-link capacitors, which can remain charged even when the drive is not powered. High voltage can be present even when the warning LED indicator lights are o. Failure to wait the specied time after power has been removed before performing service or repair work can result in death or serious injury.

Stop the motor.

•

Disconnect AC mains and remote DC-link power

•

supplies, including battery back-ups, UPS, and DC-link connections to other drives.

Disconnect or lock PM motor.

•

Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully. The

•

minimum waiting time is 20 minutes.

Before performing any service or repair work,

•

use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure that the capacitors are fully discharged.

Qualied personnel are dened as trained sta, who are authorized to install, commission, and maintain equipment, systems, and circuits in accordance with pertinent laws and regulations. Also, the personnel must be familiar with the instructions and safety measures described in this manual.

Safety Precautions

2.3

WARNING

HIGH VOLTAGE

Drives contain high voltage when connected to AC mains input, DC supply, load sharing, or permanent motors. Failure to use qualied personnel to install, start up, and maintain the drive can result in death or serious injury.

Only qualied personnel must install, start up,

•

and maintain the drive.

WARNING

LEAKAGE CURRENT HAZARD

Leakage currents exceed 3.5 mA. Failure to ground the drive properly can result in death or serious injury.

Ensure the correct grounding of the equipment

•

by a certied electrical installer.

Product Overview and Featur... Design Guide

3 Product Overview and Features

3.1 Power Ratings, Weights, and Dimensions

For enclosure sizes and power ratings of the drives, refer to Table 3.1. For more dimensions, see chapter 5.8 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions.

Enclosure size J8 J9

NEMA

Shipping dimensions [mm (in)] Height 587 (23) 587 (23)

Width 997 (39) 1170 (46)

Depth 460 (18) 535 (21)

Height 909 (36) 1122 (44)

Drive dimensions [mm (in)]

Maximum weight [kg (lb)] 98 (216) 164 (362)

Table 3.1 Power Ratings, Weight, and Dimensions, Enclosure Sizes J8–J9, 380–480 V

Width 250 (10) 350 (14)

Depth 375 (15) 375 (15)

Chassis

3 3

Product Overview and Featur... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

3.2 Automated Operational Features

Automated operational features are active when the drive is operating. Most of them require no programming or setup. The drive has a range of built-in protection functions to protect itself and the motor when it runs.

For details of any set-up required, in particular motor parameters, refer to the programming guide.

3.2.1 Short-circuit Protection

The overvoltage can be handled either using a brake function (parameter 2-10 Brake Function) and/or using overvoltage control (parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control).

Brake functions

AC brake is an alternative to improving braking without using a brake resistor. This function controls an overmagnetization of the motor when the motor is acting as a generator. Increasing the electrical losses in the motor allows the OVC function to increase the braking torque without exceeding the overvoltage limit.

NOTICE

Motor (phase-to-phase)

The drive is protected against short circuits on the motor side by current measurement in each of the 3 motor phases. A short circuit between 2 output phases causes an overcurrent in the inverter. The inverter is turned o when the short circuit current exceeds the allowed value (Alarm 16, Trip Lock).

Mains side

A drive that works correctly limits the current it can draw from the supply. Still, it is recommended to use fuses and/or circuit breakers on the supply side as protection if there is component break-down inside the drive (1st fault).

NOTICE

To ensure compliance with IEC 60364 for CE, it is mandatory to use fuses and/or circuit breakers.

AC brake is not as eective as dynamic braking with a resistor.

Overvoltage control (OVC)

By automatically extending the ramp-down time, OVC reduces the risk of the drive tripping due to an overvoltage on the DC link.

NOTICE

OVC can be activated for a PM motor.

NOTICE

Do not enable OVC in hoisting applications.

3.2.3 Missing Motor Phase Detection

3.2.2 Overvoltage Protection

Motor-generated overvoltage

The voltage in the DC link is increased when the motor acts as a generator. This situation occurs in the following cases:

The load rotates the motor at constant output

•

frequency from the drive, that is, the load generates energy.

During deceleration (ramp-down) if the inertia

•

moment is high, the friction is low, and the rampdown time is too short for the energy to be dissipated as a loss throughout the drive system.

Incorrect slip compensation setting causing

•

higher DC-link voltage.

Back EMF from PM motor operation. If coasted at

•

high RPM, the PM motor back EMF can potentially exceed the maximum voltage tolerance of the drive and cause damage. To help prevent this situation, the value of parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency is automatically limited based on an internal calculation based on the value of parameter 1-40 Back EMF at 1000 RPM, parameter 1-25 Motor Nominal Speed, and parameter 1-39 Motor Poles.

The missing motor phase function (parameter 4-58 Missing Motor Phase Function) is enabled by default to avoid motor damage if a motor phase is missing. The default setting is 1000 ms, but it can be adjusted for faster detection.

3.2.4 Supply Voltage Imbalance Detection

Operation under severe supply voltage imbalance reduces the lifetime of the motor and drive. If the motor is operated continuously near nominal load, conditions are considered severe. The default setting trips the drive if there is supply voltage imbalance (parameter 14-12 Response to Mains Imbalance).

3.2.5 Switching on the Output

Adding a switch to the output between the motor and the drive is allowed, however fault messages can appear.

Product Overview and Featur... Design Guide

3.2.6 Overload Protection

Torque limit

The torque limit feature protects the motor against overload, independent of the speed. Torque limit is controlled in parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode and parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode. The time before the torque limit warning trips is controlled in parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit.

Current limit

The current limit is controlled in parameter 4-18 Current Limit, and the time before the drive trips is controlled in parameter 14-24 Trip Delay at Current Limit.

Speed limit

Minimum speed limit: Parameter 4-11 Motor Speed Low Limit [RPM] or parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz]

limit the minimum operating speed range of the drive. Maximum speed limit: Parameter 4-13 Motor Speed High Limit [RPM] or parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency limits the maximum output speed that the drive can provide.

Electronic thermal relay (ETR)

ETR is an electronic feature that simulates a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in Illustration 3.1.

Voltage limit

The inverter turns link capacitors when a certain hard-coded voltage level is reached.

Overtemperature

The drive has built-in temperature sensors and reacts immediately to critical values via hard-coded limits.

o to protect the transistors and the DC

3.2.7 Locked Rotor Protection

There can be situations when the rotor is locked due to excessive load or other factors. The locked rotor cannot produce enough cooling, which in turn can overheat the motor winding. The drive is able to detect the locked rotor situation with PM VVC+ control (parameter 30-22 Locked Rotor Protection).

3.2.8 Automatic Derating

The drive constantly checks for the following critical levels:

High temperature on the control card or heat

•

sink.

High motor load.

•

High DC-link voltage.

•

Low motor speed.

•

As a response to a critical level, the drive adjusts the switching frequency. For high internal temperatures and low motor speed, the drive can also force the PWM pattern to SFAVM.

NOTICE

The automatic derating is dierent when

parameter 14-55 Output Filter is set to [2] Sine-Wave Filter Fixed.

3.2.9 Automatic Energy Optimization

Automatic energy optimization (AEO) directs the drive to monitor the load on the motor continuously and adjust the output voltage to maximize eciency. Under light load, the voltage is reduced and the motor current is minimized. The motor benets from:

Increased eciency.

•

Reduced heating.

•

Quieter operation.

•

There is no need to select a V/Hz curve because the drive automatically adjusts motor voltage.

3.2.10 Automatic Switching Frequency Modulation

The drive generates short electrical pulses to form an AC wave pattern. The switching frequency is the rate of these pulses. A low switching frequency (slow pulsing rate) causes audible noise in the motor, making a higher switching frequency preferable. A high switching frequency, however, generates heat in the drive that can limit the amount of current available to the motor.

Automatic switching frequency modulation regulates these conditions automatically to provide the highest switching frequency without overheating the drive. By providing a regulated high switching frequency, it quiets motor operating noise at slow speeds, when audible noise control is critical, and produces full output power to the motor when required.

3.2.11 Automatic Derating for High Switching Frequency

The drive is designed for continuous, full-load operation at switching frequencies between 1.5–2 kHz for 380–480 V. The frequency range depends on power size and voltage rating. A switching frequency exceeding the maximum allowed range generates increased heat in the drive and requires the output current to be derated.

An automatic feature of the drive is load-dependent switching frequency control. This feature allows the motor to benet from as high a switching frequency as the load allows.

3 3

Product Overview and Featur... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

3.2.12 Power Fluctuation Performance

The drive withstands mains uctuations such as:

Transients.

•

Momentary drop-outs.

•

The drive automatically compensates for input voltages ±10% from the nominal to provide full rated motor voltage and torque. With auto restart selected, the drive automatically powers up after a voltage trip. With ying start, the drive synchronizes to motor rotation before start.

Short voltage drops.

•

Surges.

•

3.2.13 Resonance Damping

Resonance damping eliminates the high-frequency motor resonance noise. Automatic or manually selected frequency damping is available.

3.2.14 Temperature-controlled Fans

Sensors in the drive regulate the operation of the internal cooling fans. Often, the cooling fans do not run during low load operation, or when in sleep mode or standby. These sensors reduce noise, increase eciency, and extend the operating life of the fan.

3.2.15 EMC Compliance

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) are disturbances that can aect an electrical circuit due to electromagnetic induction or radiation from an external source. The drive is designed to comply with the EMC product standard for drives IEC 61800-3 and the European standard EN 55011. Motor cables must be shielded and properly terminated to comply with the emission levels in EN 55011. For more information regarding EMC performance, see chapter 7.13.1 EMC Test Results.

The components that make up the galvanic isolation are:

Supply, including signal isolation.

•

Gatedrive for the IGBTs, trigger transformers, and

•

optocouplers.

The output current Hall eect transducers.

•

3.3 Custom Application Features

Custom application functions are the most common features programmed in the drive for enhanced system performance. They require minimum programming or setup. See the programming guide for instructions on activating these functions.

3.3.1 Automatic Motor Adaptation

Automatic motor adaptation (AMA) is an automated test procedure used to measure the electrical characteristics of the motor. AMA provides an accurate electronic model of the motor, allowing the drive to calculate optimal performance and eciency. Running the AMA procedure also maximizes the automatic energy optimization feature of the drive. AMA is performed without the motor rotating and without uncoupling the load from the motor.

3.3.2 Built-in PID Controller

The built-in proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller eliminates the need for auxiliary control devices. The PID controller maintains constant control of closedloop systems where regulated pressure, ow, temperature, or other system requirements must be maintained.

The drive can use 2 feedback signals from 2 dierent devices, allowing the system to be regulated with dierent feedback requirements. The drive makes control decisions by comparing the 2 signals to optimize system performance.

3.3.3 Motor Thermal Protection

3.2.16 Galvanic Isolation of Control Terminals

All control terminals and output relay terminals are galvanically isolated from mains power, which completely protects the controller circuitry from the input current. The output relay terminals require their own grounding. This isolation meets the stringent protective extra-low voltage (PELV) requirements for isolation.

To protect the application from serious damage, the drive oers several dedicated features.

Torque limit

The torque limit protects the motor from being overloaded independent of the speed. Torque limit is controlled in

parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode and parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode. Parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit controls the time

before the torque limit warning trips.

Current limit

Parameter 4-18 Current Limit controls the current limit, and parameter 14-24 Trip Delay at Current Limit controls the

time before the current limit warning trips.

1.21.0 1.4

100

1.81.6 2.0

2000

500

200

400 300

1000

600

t [s]

175ZA052.12

OUT

= 2 x f

M,N

OUT

= 0.2 x f

M,N

OUT

= 1 x f

M,N

(par. 1-23)

IMN(par. 1-24)

Product Overview and Featur... Design Guide

Minimum speed limit

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] sets the minimum output speed that the drive can provide.

Maximum speed limit

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] or parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency sets the maximum

output speed that the drive can provide.

ETR (electronic thermal relay)

The drive ETR function measures the actual current, speed, and time to calculate motor temperature. The function also protects the motor from being overheated (warning or trip). An external thermistor input is also available. ETR is an electronic feature that simulates a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in Illustration 3.1.

The drive can be congured (parameter 14-10 Mains Failure) to dierent types of behavior during mains drop-out:

Trip lock once the DC-link is exhausted.

•

Coast with ying start whenever mains return

•

(parameter 1-73 Flying Start).

Kinetic back-up.

•

Controlled ramp down.

•

Flying start

This selection makes it possible to catch a motor that is spinning freely due to a mains drop-out. This option is relevant for centrifuges and fans.

Kinetic back-up

This selection ensures that the drive runs as long as there is energy in the system. For short mains drop-out, the operation is restored after mains return, without bringing the application to a stop or losing control at any time. Several variants of kinetic back-up can be selected.

Congure the behavior of the drive at mains drop-out in

parameter 14-10 Mains Failure and parameter 1-73 Flying Start.

3.3.5 Automatic Restart

3 3

The drive can be programmed to restart the motor automatically after a minor trip, such as momentary power loss or uctuation. This feature eliminates the need for manual resetting and enhances automated operation for remotely controlled systems. The number of restart

Illustration 3.1 ETR

The X-axis shows the ratio between I

motor

and I

motor

attempts and the duration between attempts can be limited.

3.3.6 Full Torque at Reduced Speed

nominal. The Y-axis shows the time in seconds before the ETR cuts o and trips the drive. The curves show the characteristic nominal speed at twice the nominal speed and at 0.2 x the nominal speed. At lower speed, the ETR cuts o at lower heat due to less cooling of the motor. In that way, the motor is protected from being overheated even at low speed. The ETR feature calculates the motor temperature based on actual current and speed. The calculated temperature is visible as a

The drive follows a variable V/Hz curve to provide full motor torque even at reduced speeds. Full output torque can coincide with the maximum designed operating speed of the motor. This drive diers from variable torque drives and constant torque drives. Variable torque drives provide reduced motor torque at low speed. Constant torque drives provide excess voltage, heat, and motor noise at less than full speed.

readout parameter in parameter 16-18 Motor Thermal.

3.3.7 Frequency Bypass

3.3.4 Mains Drop-out

During a mains drop-out, the drive keeps running until the DC-link voltage drops below the minimum stop level. The minimum stop level is typically 15% below the lowest rated supply voltage. The mains voltage before the dropout and the motor load determine how long it takes for the drive to coast.

In some applications, the system can have operational speeds that create a mechanical resonance. This mechanical resonance can generate excessive noise and possibly damage mechanical components in the system. The drive has 4 programmable bypass-frequency bandwidths. The bandwidths allow the motor to step over speeds that induce system resonance.

. . . . . .

Par. 13-11 Comparator Operator

Par. 13-43 Logic Rule Operator 2

Par. 13-51 SL Controller Event

Par. 13-52 SL Controller Action

130BB671.13

Coast Start timer Set Do X low Select set-up 2 . . .

Running Warning Torque limit Digital input X 30/2 . . .

= TRUE longer than..

. . . . . .

Product Overview and Featur... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

3.3.8 Motor Preheat

To preheat a motor in a cold or damp environment, a small amount of DC current can be trickled continuously into the motor to protect it from condensation and cold starts. This function can eliminate the need for a space heater.

3.3.9 Programmable Set-ups

The drive has 4 set-ups that can be independently programmed. Using multi-setup, it is possible to switch between independently programmed functions activated by digital inputs or a serial command. Independent set-ups are used, for example, to change references, or for day/ night or summer/winter operation, or to control multiple motors. The LCP shows the active set-up.

Set-up data can be copied from drive to drive by downloading the information from the removable LCP.

3.3.10 Smart Logic Control (SLC)

Smart logic control (SLC) is a sequence of user-dened actions (see parameter 13-52 SL Controller Action [x]) executed by the SLC when the associated user-dened event (see parameter 13-51 SL Controller Event [x]) is evaluated as TRUE by the SLC. The condition for an event can be a particular status, or that the output from a logic rule or a comparator operand becomes TRUE. The condition leads to an associated action as shown in Illustration 3.2.

Illustration 3.2 SLC Event and Action

Events and actions are each numbered and linked in pairs (states), which means that when event [0] is fullled (attains the value TRUE), action [0] is executed. After the 1 action is executed, the conditions of the next event are evaluated. If this event is evaluated as true, then the corresponding action is executed. Only 1 event is evaluated at any time. If an event is evaluated as false, nothing happens in the SLC during the current scan interval and no other events are evaluated. When the SLC starts, it only evaluates event [0] during each scan interval. Only when event [0] is evaluated as true, the SLC executes action [0] and starts evaluating the next event. It is possible to program 1–20 events and actions. When the last event/action has been executed, the sequence starts over again from event [0]/action [0]. Illustration 3.3 shows an example with 4 event/actions:

130BA062.14

State 1 13-51.0 13-52.0

State 2 13-51.1 13-52.1

Start event P13-01

State 3 13-51.2 13-52.2

State 4 13-51.3 13-52.3

Stop event P13-02

Par. 13-11 Comparator Operator

TRUE longer than.

. . .

Par. 13-10 Comparator Operand

Par. 13-12 Comparator Value

130BB672.10

. . . . . .

Par. 13-43 Logic Rule Operator 2

Par. 13-41 Logic Rule Operator 1

Par. 13-40 Logic Rule Boolean 1

Par. 13-42 Logic Rule Boolean 2

Par. 13-44 Logic Rule Boolean 3

130BB673.10

Product Overview and Featur... Design Guide

Illustration 3.3 Order of Execution when 4 Events/Actions are

Programmed

Comparators

Comparators are used for comparing continuous variables (output frequency, output current, analog input, and so on) to xed preset values.

3.4 Dynamic Braking Overview

Dynamic braking slows the motor using 1 of the following methods:

AC brake

•

The brake energy is distributed in the motor by changing the loss conditions in the motor (parameter 2-10 Brake Function = [2]). The AC brake function cannot be used in applications with high cycling frequency since this situation overheats the motor.

DC brake

•

An overmodulated DC current added to the AC current works as an eddy current brake (parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time ≠ 0 s).

3 3

Illustration 3.4 Comparators

Logic rules

Combine up to 3 boolean inputs (TRUE/FALSE inputs) from timers, comparators, digital inputs, status bits, and events using the logical operators AND, OR, and NOT.

Illustration 3.5 Logic Rules

130BG823.10

225 mm (8.9 in)

Product Overview and Featur... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

3.5 Back-channel Cooling Overview

A unique back-channel duct passes cooling air over the heat sinks with minimal air passing through the electronics area.

There is an IP54/Type 12 seal between the back-channel cooling duct and the electronics area of the VLT® drive. This backchannel cooling allows 90% of the heat losses to be exhausted directly outside the enclosure. This design improves reliability and prolongs component life by dramatically reducing interior temperatures and contamination of the electronic

components. Dierent back-channel cooling kits are available to redirect the airow based on individual needs.

3.5.1 Airow for J8 & J9 Enclosures

Illustration 3.6 Standard Airow Conguration for Enclosures J8 and J9

Options and Accessories Ove... Design Guide

4 Options and Accessories Overview

4.1 Fieldbus Devices

This section describes the eldbus devices that are

available with the VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361 series. Using a eldbus device reduces system cost, delivers faster and more ecient communication, and provides an easier user interface. For ordering numbers, refer to chapter 10.2 Ordering Numbers for Options and Accessories.

4.1.1

VLT® PROFIBUS DP-V1 MCA 101

The VLT® PROFIBUS DP-V1 MCA 101 provides:

Wide compatibility, a high level of availability,

•

support for all major PLC vendors, and compatibility with future versions.

Fast, ecient communication, transparent instal-

•

lation, advanced diagnosis, and parameterization and auto-conguration of process data via a GSD

le.

Acyclic parameterization using PROFIBUS DP-V1,

•

PROFIdrive, or Danfoss FC prole state machines.

4.1.2

VLT® PROFINET MCA 120

The VLT® PROFINET MCA 120 combines the highest performance with the highest degree of openness. The option is designed so that many of the features from the

VLT® PROFIBUS MCA 101 can be reused, minimizing user eort to migrate PROFINET and securing the investment in a PLC program.

Same PPO types as the VLT® PROFIBUS DP V1

•

MCA 101 for easy migration to PROFINET.

Built-in web server for remote diagnosis and

•

reading out of basic drive parameters.

Supports MRP.

•

Supports DP-V1. Diagnostic allows easy, fast, and

•

standardized handling of warning and fault information into the PLC, improving bandwidth in the system.

Implementation in accordance with Conformance

•

Class B.

Functional Extensions

4.2

This section describes the functional extension options that

are available with the VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361 series. For ordering numbers, refer to chapter 10.2 Ordering Numbers for Options and Accessories.

4.2.1

VLT® General Purpose I/O Module MCB 101

The VLT® General Purpose I/O Module MCB 101 oers an extended number of control inputs and outputs:

3 digital inputs 0–24 V: Logic 0 < 5 V; Logic 1 >

•

10 V.

2 analog inputs 0–10 V: Resolution 10 bits plus

•

sign.

2 digital outputs NPN/PNP push-pull.

•

1 analog output 0/4–20 mA.

•

Spring-loaded connection.

•

4.2.2

VLT® Encoder Input MCB 102

The MCB 102 option oers the possibility to connect various types of incremental and absolute encoders. The connected encoder can be used for closed-loop speed control and closed-loop ux motor control.

The following encoder types are supported:

5 V TTL (RS 422).

•

1VPP SinCos.

•

4.2.3

VLT® Resolver Option MCB 103

The MCB 103 option enables connection of a resolver to provide speed feedback from the motor.

Primary voltage: 2–8 V

•

Primary frequency: 2.0–15 kHz.

•

Primary maximum current: 50 mA rms.

•

Secondary input voltage: 4 V

•

Spring-loaded connection.

•

rms

4 4

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

5 Specications

5.1 Electrical Data, 380-480 V

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

High/normal overload NO HO NO HO NO HO NO

(High overload=150% current during 60 s, normal

overload=110% current during 60 s)

Typical shaft output at 400 V [kW] 90 90 110 110 132 132 160

Typical shaft output at 460 V [hp] 125 125 150 150 200 200 250

Enclosure size J8

Output current (3-phase)

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 177 177 212 212 260 260 315

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 400 V) [A] 195 266 233 318 286 390 347

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 160 160 190 190 240 240 302

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 460 V) [kVA] 176 240 209 285 264 360 332

Continuous kVA (at 400 V) [kVA] 123 123 147 147 180 180 218

Continuous kVA (at 460 V) [kVA] 127 127 151 151 191 191 241

Maximum input current

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 171 171 204 204 251 251 304

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 154 154 183 183 231 231 291

Maximum number and size of cables per phase

Mains and motor [mm2 (AWG)]

Maximum external mains fuses [A]

Estimated power loss at 400 V [W]

Estimated power loss at 460 V [W]

Eciency

Output frequency [Hz] 0–590

Heat sink overtemperature trip [°C (°F)]

Weight, enclosure protection rating IP20 kg (lbs) 98 (216)

Eciency

Output frequency [Hz] 0–590

Heat sink overtemperature trip [°C (°F)]

Control card overtemperature trip [°C (°F)]

2), 3)

N90K N110 N132 N160

2x95 (2x3/0)

315 315 350 400

2031 2031 2559 2289 2954 2923 3770

1828 1828 2261 2051 2724 2089 3628

0.98

110 (230)

0.98

110 (230)

75 (167)

Table 5.1 Electrical Data for Enclosures J8, Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

1) For fuse ratings, see chapter 7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers.

2) Typical power loss is at normal conditions and expected to be within ±15% (tolerance relates to variety in voltage and cable conditions). These

values are based on a typical motor eciency (IE/IE3 border line). Lower eciency motors add to the power loss in the drive. Applies to

dimensioning of drive cooling. If the switching frequency is higher than the default setting, the power losses can increase. LCP and typical control

card power consumptions are included. For power loss data according to EN 50598-2, refer to drives.danfoss.com/knowledge-center/energy-

eciency-directive/#/. Options and customer load can add up to 30 W to the losses, though usually a fully loaded control card and options for

slots A and B each add only 4 W.

3) Measured using 5 m (16.4 ft) shielded motor cables at rated load and rated frequency. Eciency measured at nominal current. For energy

eciency class, see chapter 5.4 Ambient Conditions. For part load losses, see drives.danfoss.com/knowledge-center/energy-eciency-directive/#/.

Specications Design Guide

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

High/normal overload HO NO HO NO HO NO

(High overload=150% current during 60 s, normal

overload=110% current during 60 s)

Typical shaft output at 400 V [kW] 160 200 200 250 250 315

Typical shaft output at 460 V [hp] 250 300 300 350 350 450

Enclosure size J9

Output current (3-phase)

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 315 395 395 480 480 588

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 400 V) [A]

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 302 361 361 443 443 535

Intermittent (60 s overload) (at 460 V) [kVA] 453 397 542 487 665 589

Continuous kVA (at 400 V) [kVA] 218 274 274 333 333 407

Continuous kVA (at 460 V) [kVA] 241 288 288 353 353 426

Maximum input current

Continuous (at 400 V) [A] 304 381 381 463 463 567

Continuous (at 460 V) [A] 291 348 348 427 427 516

Maximum number and size of cables per phase

Mains and motor [mm2 (AWG)]

Maximum external mains fuses [A]

Estimated power loss at 400 V [W]

Estimated power loss at 460 V [W]

Eciency

Output frequency [Hz] 0–590

Heat sink overtemperature trip [°C (°F)]

Weight, enclosure protection rating IP20 kg (lbs) 164 (362)

Eciency

Output frequency [Hz] 0–590

Heat sink overtemperature trip [°C (°F)]

Control card overtemperature trip [°C (°F)]

2), 3)

N200 N250 N315

473 435 593 528 720 647

2x185 (2x350 mcm)

550 630 800

3093 4116 4039 5137 5004 6674

2872 3569 3575 4566 4458 5714

0.98

110 (230)

0.98

110 (230)

80 (176)

5 5

Table 5.2 Electrical Data for Enclosures J9, Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

1) For fuse ratings, see chapter 7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers.

2) Typical power loss is at normal conditions and expected to be within

values are based on a typical motor eciency (IE/IE3 border line). Lower eciency motors add to the power loss in the drive. Applies to

dimensioning of drive cooling. If the switching frequency is higher than the default setting, the power losses can increase. LCP and typical control

card power consumptions are included. For power loss data according to EN 50598-2, refer to drives.danfoss.com/knowledge-center/energy-

eciency-directive/#/. Options and customer load can add up to 30 W to the losses, though usually a fully loaded control card and options for

slots A and B each add only 4 W.

3) Measured using 5 m (16.4 ft) shielded motor cables at rated load and rated frequency. Eciency measured at nominal current. For energy

eciency class, see chapter 5.4 Ambient Conditions. For part load losses, see drives.danfoss.com/knowledge-center/energy-eciency-directive/#/.

15% (tolerance relates to variety in voltage and cable conditions). These

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

5.2 Mains Supply

Mains supply (L1, L2, L3) Supply voltage 380–480 V ±10%

Mains voltage low/mains voltage drop-out: During low mains voltage or a mains drop-out, the drive continues until the DC-link voltage drops below the minimum stop level, which corresponds typically to 15% below the lowest rated supply voltage of the drive. Power-up and full torque cannot be expected at mains voltage lower than 10% below the lowest rated supply voltage of the drive.

Supply frequency 50/60 Hz ±5%

Maximum imbalance temporary between mains phases 3.0% of rated supply voltage True power factor (λ) ≥0.9 nominal at rated load

Displacement power factor (cos Φ) near unity (>0.98) Switching on input supply L1, L2, L3 (power-ups) Maximum 1 time/2 minute Environment according to EN60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2

The drive is suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering up to 100 kA short circuit current rating (SCCR) at 480/600 V.

1) Calculations based on IEC61800-3.

5.3 Motor Output and Motor Data

Motor output (U, V, W) Output voltage 0–100% of supply voltage

Output frequency 0–590 Hz Output frequency in ux mode 0–300 Hz Switching on output Unlimited Ramp times 0.01–3600 s

1) Dependent on voltage and power.

Torque characteristics

Starting torque (constant torque) Maximum 150% for 60 s

Overload torque (constant torque) Maximum 150% for 60 s

1) Percentage relates to the nominal current of the drive.

2) Once every 10 minutes.

1), 2)

5.4 Ambient Conditions

Environment J8/J9 enclosure IP20/Chassis Vibration test (standard/ruggedized) 0.7 g/1.0 g Relative humidity 5%–95% (IEC 721-3-3; Class 3K3 (non-condensing) during operation) Aggressive environment (IEC 60068-2-43) H2S test Class Kd Aggressive gases (IEC 60721-3-3) Class 3C3 Test method according to IEC 60068-2-43 H2S (10 days) Ambient temperature (at SFAVM switching mode)

- with derating Maximum 55 °C (131 °F)

- with full output power of typical EFF2 motors (up to 90% output current) Maximum 50 °C (122 °F)

- at full continuous FC output current Maximum 45 °C (113 °F)

Minimum ambient temperature during full-scale operation 0 °C (32 °F) Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance -10 °C (14 °F) Temperature during storage/transport -25 to +65/70 °C (13 to 149/158 °F) Maximum altitude above sea level without derating 1000 m (3281 ft) Maximum altitude above sea level with derating 3000 m (9842 ft)

1) For more information on derating, see chapter 6.6 Derating.

EMC standards, Emission EN 61800-3

Specications Design Guide

EMC standards, Immunity EN 61800-3

Energy eciency class

1) Determined according to EN 50598-2 at:

Rated load.

•

90% rated frequency.

•

Switching frequency factory setting.

•

Switching pattern factory setting.

•

IE2

5.5 Cable Specications

Cable lengths and cross-sections for control cables Maximum motor cable length, shielded 150 m (492 ft) Maximum motor cable length, unshielded 300 m (984 ft)

Maximum cross-section to motor and mains See chapter 5.1 Electrical Data, 380-480 V

Maximum cross-section to control terminals, rigid wire 1.5 mm2/16 AWG (2x0.75 mm2)

Maximum cross-section to control terminals, exible cable 1 mm2/18 AWG

Maximum cross-section to control terminals, cable with enclosed core 0.5 mm2/20 AWG

Minimum cross-section to control terminals 0.25 mm2/23 AWG

1) For power cables, see electrical data in chapter 5.1 Electrical Data, 380-480 V.

5.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data

Digital inputs Programmable digital inputs 4 (6)

Terminal number 18, 19, 271), 291), 32, 33 Logic PNP or NPN Voltage level 0–24 V DC Voltage level, logic 0 PNP <5 V DC Voltage level, logic 1 PNP >10 V DC Voltage level, logic 0 NPN >19 V DC Voltage level, logic 1 NPN <14 V DC Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC Input resistance, R

All digital inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

1) Terminals 27 and 29 can also be programmed as outputs.

Approximately 4 kΩ

5 5

Analog inputs Number of analog inputs 2 Terminal number 53, 54 Modes Voltage or current Mode select Switches A53 and A54 Voltage mode Switch A53/A54=(U) Voltage level 0 V to +10 V (scaleable) Input resistance, R Maximum voltage ±20 V Current mode Switch A53/A54=(I) Current level 0/4 to 20 mA (scaleable) Input resistance, R Maximum current 30 mA Resolution for analog inputs 10 bit (+ sign) Accuracy of analog inputs Maximum error 0.5% of full scale Bandwidth 100 Hz

The analog inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Approximately 10 kΩ

Approximately 200 Ω

Mains

Functional isolation

PELV isolation

Motor

DC-bus

High voltage

Control

+24 V

RS485

130BA117.10

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Illustration 5.1 PELV Isolation

Pulse inputs Programmable pulse inputs 2 Terminal number pulse 29, 33 Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 (push-pull driven) 110 kHz Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 (open collector) 5 kHz Minimum frequency at terminal 29, 33 4 Hz Voltage level See Digital Inputs in chapter 5.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC Input resistance, R

Pulse input accuracy (0.1–1 kHz) Maximum error: 0.1% of full scale

Analog output Number of programmable analog outputs 1 Terminal number 42 Current range at analog output 0/4–20 mA Maximum resistor load to common at analog output 500 Ω Accuracy on analog output Maximum error: 0.8% of full scale Resolution on analog output 8 bit

The analog output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Control card, RS485 serial communication Terminal number 68 (P, TX+, RX+), 69 (N, TX-, RX-) Terminal number 61 Common for terminals 68 and 69

The RS485 serial communication circuit is functionally separated from other central circuits and galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV).

Approximately 4 kΩ

Digital output Programmable digital/pulse outputs 2

Terminal number 27, 29 Voltage level at digital/frequency output 0–24 V Maximum output current (sink or source) 40 mA Maximum load at frequency output 1 kΩ Maximum capacitive load at frequency output 10 nF Minimum output frequency at frequency output 0 Hz Maximum output frequency at frequency output 32 kHz Accuracy of frequency output Maximum error: 0.1% of full scale Resolution of frequency outputs 12 bit

1) Terminals 27 and 29 can also be programmed as inputs.

The digital output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Specications Design Guide

Control card, 24 V DC output Terminal number 12, 13 Maximum load 200 mA

The 24 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV), but has the same potential as the analog and digital inputs and outputs.

Relay outputs Programmable relay outputs 2

Maximum cross-section to relay terminals 2.5 mm2 (12 AWG)

Minimum cross-section to relay terminals 0.2 mm2 (30 AWG) Length of stripped wire 8 mm (0.3 in) Relay 01 terminal number 1–3 (break), 1–2 (make)

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 1–2 (NO) (Resistive load)

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1) on 1–2 (NO) (Inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 240 V AC, 0.2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 1–2 (NO) (Resistive load) 80 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)1) on 1–2 (NO) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 1–3 (NC) (Resistive load) 240 V AC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1) on 1–3 (NC) (Inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 240 V AC, 0.2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 1–3 (NC) (Resistive load) 50 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)1) on 1–3 (NC) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A Minimum terminal load on 1–3 (NC), 1–2 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 2 mA Environment according to EN 60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2 Relay 02 terminal number 4–6 (break), 4–5 (make)

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 4–5 (NO) (Resistive load)

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1) on 4–5 (NO) (Inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 240 V AC, 0.2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 4–5 (NO) (Resistive load) 80 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)1) on 4–5 (NO) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 4–6 (NC) (Resistive load) 240 V AC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1) on 4–6 (NC) (Inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 240 V AC, 0.2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 4–6 (NC) (Resistive load) 50 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)1) on 4–6 (NC) (Inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A Minimum terminal load on 4–6 (NC), 4–5 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 2 mA Environment according to EN 60664-1 Overvoltage category III/pollution degree 2

The relay contacts are galvanically isolated from the rest of the circuit by reinforced isolation (PELV).

1) IEC 60947 part 4 and 5.

2) Overvoltage Category II.

2), 3)

400 V AC, 2 A

5 5

Control card, +10 V DC output Terminal number 50 Output voltage 10.5 V ±0.5 V Maximum load 25 mA

The 10 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Control characteristics Resolution of output frequency at 0–1000 Hz ±0.003 Hz System response time (terminals 18, 19, 27, 29, 32, 33) ≤2 m/s Speed control range (open loop) 1:100 of synchronous speed Speed accuracy (open loop) 30–4000 RPM: Maximum error of ±8 RPM

All control characteristics are based on a 4-pole asynchronous motor.

Control card performance Scan interval 5 M/S

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Control card, USB serial communication USB standard 1.1 (full speed) USB plug USB type B device plug

NOTICE

Connection to PC is carried out via a standard host/device USB cable. The USB connection is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals. The USB connection is not galvanically isolated from ground. Use only isolated laptop/PC as connection to the USB connector on the drive or an isolated USB cable/converter.

5.7 Enclosure Weights

Enclosure 380–480 V

J8 98 (216)

J9 164 (362)

Table 5.3 Enclosure J8–J9 Weights, kg (lb)

130BF322.10

61 (2.4)

128 (5.0)

495 (19.5)

660 (26.0)

Specications Design Guide

5.8 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions

5.8.1 J8 Exterior Dimensions

5 5

Illustration 5.2 Front View of J8

148 (5.8)

20 (0.8)

130BF801.10

844 (33.2)

39 (1.5)

375 (14.8)

82 (3.2)

18 (0.7)

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Illustration 5.3 Side View of J8

656 (25.8)

200 (7.9)

130 (5.1)

889 (35.0)

909 (35.8)

844 (33.2)

78 (3.1)

123 (4.8)

250 (9.8)

180 (7.1)

33 (1.3)

11 (0.4)

25 (1.0)

11 (0.4)

20 (0.8)

9 (0.3)

24 (0.9)

25 (1.0)

M10

130BF802.10

Specications Design Guide

5 5

Illustration 5.4 Back View of J8

e30bg615.10

83 (3.3)

0.0

188 (7.4)

22 (0.9)

62 (2.4)

101 (4.0)

145 (5.7)

184 (7.2)

223 (8.8)

0.0

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

5.8.2 J8 Terminal Dimensions

1 Mains terminals 3 Ground terminals

2 Motor terminals – –

Illustration 5.5 J8 Terminal Dimensions (Front View)

M10

13 (0.5)

32 (1.3)

59 (2.3)

10 (0.4)

244 (9.6)

272 (10.7)

0.0

M10

13 (0.5)

32 (1.3)

145 (5.7)

182 (7.2)

3X M8x18

e30bg573.10

Specications Design Guide

5 5

1 and 4 Mains terminals 2 and 5 Motor terminals

3 Ground terminals – –

Illustration 5.6 J8 Terminal Dimensions (Side Views)

130BF323.10

176 (6.9)

611 (24.1)

59 (2.3)

868 (34.2)

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

5.8.3 J9 Exterior Dimensions

Illustration 5.7 Front View of J9

130BF803.10

20 (0.8)

148 (5.8)

18 (0.7)

1050 (41.3)

39 (1.5)

375 (14.8)

142 (5.6)

Specications Design Guide

5 5

Illustration 5.8 Side View of J9

130BF804.10

857 (33.7)

320 (12.6)

280 (11.0)

350 (13.8)

107 (4.2)

213 (8.4)

1122 (44.2)

1096 (43.1)

1051 (41.4)

271 (10.7)

130 (5.1)

25 (1.0)

33 (1.3)

11 (0.4)

40 (1.6)

11 (0.4)

9 (0.3)

20 (0.8)

24 (0.9)

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Illustration 5.9 Back View of J9

33 (1.3)

91 (3.6)

149 (5.8)

211 (8.3)

265 (10.4)

319 (12.6)

200 (7.9)

319 (12.6)

e30bg616.10

0.0

o.o

Specications Design Guide

5.8.4 J9 Terminal Dimensions

5 5

1 Mains terminals 3 Ground terminals

2 Motor terminals – –

Illustration 5.10 J9 Terminal Dimensions (Front View)

91 (3.6)

13 (0.5)

200 (7.9)

259 (10.2)

3X M10X20

M10

19 (0.8)

38 (1.5)

255 (10.0)

284 (11.2)

0.0

M10

22 (0.9)

35 (1.4)

15 (0.6)

18 (0.7)

e30bg574.10

Specications VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

1 and 4 Mains terminals 2 and 5 Motor terminals

3 Ground terminals – –

Illustration 5.11 J9 Terminal Dimensions (Side Views)

e30bg512.11

65° min

Mechanical Installation Con... Design Guide

6 Mechanical Installation Considerations

6.1 Storage

Store the drive in a dry location. Keep the equipment sealed in its packaging until installation. Refer to chapter 5.4 Ambient Conditions for recommended ambient temperature.

Periodic forming (capacitor charging) is not necessary during storage unless storage exceeds 12 months.

6.2 Lifting the Unit

Always lift the drive using the dedicated lifting eyes. To avoid bending the lifting holes, use a bar.

WARNING

RISK OF INJURY OR DEATH

Follow local safety regulations for lifting heavy weights. Failure to follow recommendations and local safety regulations can result in death or serious injury.

Ensure that the lifting equipment is in proper

•

working condition.

See chapter 3 Product Overview and Features for

•

the weight of the dierent enclosure sizes.

Maximum diameter for bar: 20 mm (0.8 in).

•

The angle from the top of the drive to the

•

lifting cable: 60° or greater.

Illustration 6.1 Recommended Lifting Method

Mechanical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

6.3 Operating Environment

In environments with airborne liquids, particles, or corrosive gases, ensure that the IP/Type rating of the equipment matches the installation environment. For specications regarding ambient conditions, see chapter 5.4 Ambient Conditions.

NOTICE

CONDENSATION

Moisture can condense on the electronic components and cause short circuits. Avoid installation in areas subject to frost. Install an optional space heater when the drive is colder than the ambient air. Operating in standby mode reduces the risk of condensation as long as the power dissipation keeps the circuitry free of moisture.

NOTICE

EXTREME AMBIENT CONDITIONS

Hot or cold temperatures compromise unit performance and longevity.

Do not operate in environments where the

•

ambient temperature exceeds 55 °C (131 °F).

The drive can operate at temperatures down to

•

-10 °C (14 °F). However, proper operation at rated load is only guaranteed at 0 °C (32 °F) or higher.

If temperature exceeds ambient temperature

•

limits, extra air conditioning of the cabinet or installation site is required.

6.3.1 Gases

Aggressive gases, such as hydrogen sulphide, chlorine, or ammonia can damage the electrical and mechanical components. The unit uses conformal-coated circuit boards to reduce the eects of aggressive gases. For conformalcoating class specications and ratings, see chapter 5.4 Ambient Conditions.

6.3.2 Dust

When installing the drive in dusty environments, pay attention to the following:

Keep the heat sink and fans free from dust build-up. For more service and maintenance information, refer to the operating guide.

Cooling fans

Fans provide airow to cool the drive. When fans are exposed to dusty environments, the dust can damage the fan bearings and cause premature fan failure. Also, dust can accumulate on fan blades causing an imbalance which prevents the fans from properly cooling the unit.

6.4 Mounting Congurations

Table 6.1 lists the available mounting congurations for each enclosure. For specic panel/wall mounting or pedestal mounting installation instructions, see the

operating guide. See also chapter 5.8 Exterior and Terminal Dimensions.

NOTICE

Improper mounting can result in overheating and reduced performance.

Enclosure Wall/cabinet mount Pedestal mount

(Standalone)

Table 6.1 Mounting Congurations

1) Can be wall-mounted, but Danfoss recommends that the drive is

panel-mounted inside an enclosure due to its protection rating.

Mounting considerations:

Locate the unit as near to the motor as possible.

•

See chapter 5.5 Cable Specications for the maximum motor cable length.

Ensure unit stability by mounting the unit to a

•

solid surface.

Ensure that the strength of the mounting location

•

supports the unit weight.

Ensure that there is enough space around the

•

unit for proper cooling. Refer to chapter 3.5 Backchannel Cooling Overview.

Ensure enough access to open the door.

•

Ensure cable entry from the bottom.

•

–

Periodic maintenance

When dust accumulates on electronic components, it acts as a layer of insulation. This layer reduces the cooling capacity of the components, and the components become warmer. The hotter environment decreases the life of the electronic components.

Mechanical Installation Con... Design Guide

6.5 Cooling

NOTICE

Improper mounting can result in overheating and reduced performance. For proper mounting, refer to chapter 6.4 Mounting Congurations.

Ensure that top and bottom clearance for air

•

cooling is provided. Clearance requirement: 225 mm (9 in).

Provide sucient airow ow rate. See Table 6.2.

•

Consider derating for temperatures starting

•

between 45 °C (113 °F) and 50 °C (122 °F) and elevation 1000 m (3300 ft) above sea level. See chapter 6.6 Derating for detailed information on derating.

The drive utilizes a back-channel cooling concept that removes heat sink cooling air. The heat sink cooling air carries approximately 90% of the heat out of the back channel of the drive. Redirect the back-channel air from the panel or room by using:

Duct cooling

•

Back-channel cooling kits are available to direct the heat sink cooling air out of the panel when IP20/Chassis drives are installed in Rittal enclosures. Use of these kits reduce the heat in the panel and smaller door fans can be specied.

Back-wall cooling

•

Installing top and base covers to the unit allows the back-channel cooling air to be ventilated out of the room.

Secure the necessary airow over the heat sink.

Frame Door fan/top fan

[m3/hr (cfm)]

J8 102 (60) 420 (250)

J9 204 (120) 840 (500)

Table 6.2 J8–J9 Airow Rate

Derating

6.6

Derating is a method used to reduce output current to avoid tripping the drive when high temperatures are reached within the enclosure. If certain extreme operating conditions are expected, a higher-powered drive can be selected to eliminate the need for derating. This is called manual derating. Otherwise, the drive automatically derates the output current to eliminate the excessive heat generated by extreme conditions.

Heat sink fan

[m3/hr (cfm)]

Manual derating

When the following conditions are present, Danfoss recommends selecting a drive 1 power size higher (for example N132 instead of N110):

Low-speed – continuous operation at low RPM in

•

constant torque applications.

Low air pressure – operating at altitudes above

•

1000 m (3281 ft).

High ambient temperature – operating at

•

ambient temperatures of 10 °C (50 °F).

High switching frequency.

•

Long motor cables.

•

Cables with a large cross-section.

•

Automatic derating

If the following operating conditions are found, the drive automatically changes switching frequency or switching pattern (PWM to SFAVM) to reduce excessive heat within the enclosure:

High temperature on the control card or heat

•

sink.

High motor load or low motor speed.

•

High DC-link voltage.

•

6.6.1 Derating for Low-Speed Operation

When a motor is connected to a drive, it is necessary to check that the cooling of the motor is adequate. The level of cooling required depends on the following:

Load on the motor.

•

Operating speed.

•

Duration of operating time.

•

Constant torque applications

A problem can occur at low RPM values in constant torque applications. In a constant torque application, a motor can overheat at low speeds because less cooling air is being provided by the fan within the motor.

If the motor is run continuously at an RPM value lower than half of the rated value, the motor must be supplied with extra air cooling. If extra air cooling cannot be provided, a motor designed for low RPM/constant torque applications can be used instead.

Variable (quadratic) torque applications

Extra cooling or derating of the motor is not required in variable torque applications where the torque is proportional to the square of the speed, and the power is proportional to the cube of the speed. Centrifugal pumps and fans are common variable torque applications.

Max.I

out

(%)

at T

AMB, MAX

Altitude (km)

T at 100% I

out

100%

96%

92%

0 K

-3 K

-6 K

1 km 2 km 3 km

-5 K

-8 K

-11 K

130BT866.10

AMB, MAX

Mechanical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

6.6.2 Derating for Altitude

The cooling capability of air is decreased at lower air pressure. No derating is necessary at or below 1000 m (3281 ft). Above 1000 m (3281 ft), the ambient temperature (T Illustration 6.2.

) or maximum output current (I

AMB

) should be derated. Refer to

MAX

Illustration 6.2 Derating of Output Current Based on Altitude at T

AMB,MAX

Illustration 6.2 shows that at 41.7 °C (107 °F), 100% of the rated output current is available. At 45 °C (113 °F) (T K), 91% of the rated output current is available.

AMB

, MAX-3

130BX473.11

Iout [%]

fsw [kHz]

100

110

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

50 ˚C (122 ˚F)

55 ˚C (131 ˚F)

130BX474.11

100

110

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90

Iout [%]

fsw

[kHz]

45 ˚C (113 ˚F)

50 ˚C (122 ˚F)

55 ˚C (131 ˚F)

130BX475.11

Iout [%]

fsw

[kHz]

100

110

2 4 60

31 5

45 ˚C (113 ˚F) 50 ˚C (122 ˚F) 55 ˚C (131 ˚F)

130BX476.11

Iout [%]

fsw

[kHz]

100

110

2 4

40 ˚C (104 ˚F) 45 ˚C (113 ˚F) 50 ˚C (122 ˚F) 55 ˚C (131 ˚F)

Mechanical Installation Con... Design Guide

6.6.3 Derating for Ambient Temperature and Switching Frequency

NOTICE

FACTORY DERATING

Danfoss drives are already derated for operational temperature (55 °C (131 °F) T

Use the graphs in Table 6.3 to determine if the output current must be derated based on switching frequency and ambient temperature. When referring to the graphs, I

indicates the percentage of rated output current, and fsw indicates the

out

switching frequency.

and 50 °C (122 °F) T

AMB,MAX

AMB,AVG

Enclosure Switching

High overload HO, 150% Normal overload NO, 110%

pattern

J8–J9

60 AVM

380–480 V

SFAVM

Table 6.3 Derating Tables for Drives Rated 380–480 V

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7 Electrical Installation Considerations

7.1 Safety Instructions

See chapter 2 Safety for general safety instructions.

WARNING

INDUCED VOLTAGE

Induced voltage from output motor cables from dierent drives that are run together can charge equipment capacitors even with the equipment turned o and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately or use shielded cables could result in death or serious injury.

Run output motor cables separately or use

•

shielded cables.

Simultaneously lock out all the drives.

•

WARNING

Overcurrent protection

Extra protective equipment such as short-circuit

•

protection or motor thermal protection between drive and motor is required for applications with multiple motors.

Input fusing is required to provide short circuit

•

and overcurrent protection. If fuses are not factory-supplied, the installer must provide them. See maximum fuse ratings in chapter 7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers.

Wire type and ratings

All wiring must comply with local and national

•

regulations regarding cross-section and ambient temperature requirements.

Power connection wire recommendation:

•

Minimum 75 °C (167 °F) rated copper wire.

See chapter 5.5 Cable Specications for recommended wire sizes and types.

SHOCK HAZARD

The drive can cause a DC current in the ground conductor and thus result in death or serious injury.

When a residual current-operated protective

•

device (RCD) is used for protection against electrical shock, only an RCD of Type B is allowed on the supply side.

Failure to follow the recommendation means that the RCD cannot provide the intended protection.

CAUTION

PROPERTY DAMAGE

Protection against motor overload is not included in the default setting. To add this function, set

parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [ETR trip] or [ETR warning]. For the North American market, the ETR

function provides class 20 motor overload protection in accordance with NEC. Failure to set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [ETR trip] or [ETR warning] means that motor overload protection is not provided and, if the motor overheats, property damage can occur.

e30bg500.12

91 (L1)

92 (L2)

93 (L3)

50 (+10 V OUT)

53 (A IN)

54 (A IN)

55 (COM A IN)

0/4-20 mA

12 (+24 V OUT)

13 (+24 V OUT)

18 (D IN)

(COM D IN)

15 mA

200 mA

(U) 96

(V) 97

(W) 98

(PE) 99

(COM A OUT) 39

(A OUT) 42

0/4-20 mA

+10 V DC

0 to +10 V DC

0/4-20 mA

24 V DC

240 V AC, 2A

24 V (NPN)

0 V (PNP)

24 V (NPN)

19 (D IN)

24 V (NPN)

0 V (PNP)

24V

(D IN/OUT)

0 V (PNP)

24 V (NPN)

(D IN/OUT)

24V

24 V (NPN)

0 V (PNP)

24 V (NPN)

33 (D IN)

32 (D IN)

A53 U-I (S201)

ON 2

A54 U-I (S202)

ON=0/4-20 mA

OFF=0 to ±10 V

400 V AC, 2A

P 5-00

+-+

(P RS485) 68

(N RS485) 69

(COM RS485) 61

0V5VS801

RS485

S801/Bus Term.

OFF-ON

3-phase

power

input

Switch mode

power supply

Motor

Analog output

interface

Relay1

Relay2

ON=Terminated

OFF=Open

(NPN) = Sink

(PNP) = Source

240 V AC, 2A

400 V AC, 2A

0 to +10 V DC

10 V DC

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.2 Wiring Schematic

7 7

Illustration 7.1 Basic Wiring Schematic

3 Phase

power

input

130BA026.10

91 (L1)

92 (L2)

93 (L3)

95 PE

175ZA114.11

96 97 98

Motor

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7.3 Connections

7.3.1 Power Connections

NOTICE

All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature. Non-UL applications can use 75 °C (167 °F) and 90 °C (194 °F) copper conductors.

Cable length and cross-section

The drive has been EMC-tested with a given length of cable. Keep the motor cable as short as possible to reduce the noise level and leakage currents.

Switching frequency

When drives are used together with sine-wave lters to

The power cable connections are located as shown in Illustration 7.2. See chapter 5 Specications for correct dimensioning of motor cable cross-section and length.

For protection of the drive, use the recommended fuses unless the unit has built-in fuses. Recommended fuses are listed in chapter 7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers. Ensure that

proper fusing complies with local regulations.

The connection of mains is

tted to the mains switch if

included.

reduce the acoustic noise from a motor, the switching frequency must be set according to the instructions in parameter 14-01 Switching Frequency.

Terminal 96 97 98 99 Description

U V W

U1 V1 W1

W2 U2 V2

U1 V1 W1

Table 7.1 Motor Cable Connection

1) Protected ground connection.

Motor voltage 0–100% of

mains voltage. 3 wires out

of motor.

Delta-connected.

6 wires out of motor.

Star-connected U2, V2, W2

U2, V2, and W2 to be

interconnected separately.

NOTICE

In motors without phase insulation, paper, or other insulation reinforcement suitable for operation with voltage supply, use a sine-wave lter on the output of

Illustration 7.2 Power Cable Connections

the drive.

NOTICE

The motor cable must be shielded/armored. If an unshielded/unarmored cable is used, some EMC requirements are not complied with. Use a shielded/ armored motor cable to comply with EMC emission specications. For more information, see chapter 7.14 EMC-compliant Installation.

Shielding of cables

Avoid installation with twisted shield ends (pigtails). They spoil the shielding eect at higher frequencies. If it is necessary to break the shield to install a motor isolator or contactor, continue the shield at the lowest possible HF impedance.

Connect the motor cable shield to both the decoupling plate of the drive and the metal housing of the motor.

Make the shield connections with the largest possible surface area (cable clamp) by using the installation devices within the drive.

Illustration 7.3 Motor Cable Connection

130BT308.10

Drive

Ground

e30bu003.10

100 nF

PLC etc.

Equalizing cable

Minimum 16 mm

Drive

Ground

Drive

Ground

Drive

Ground

Drive

Ground

Drive

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.3.2 Personal Computer Connection

To control the drive from a PC, install the MCT 10 Set-up Software. The PC is connected via a standard (host/device) USB cable, or via the RS485 interface. For more information on RS485, see chapter 11.3 RS485 Installation and Set-up.

USB is a universal serial bus utilizing 4 shielded wires with ground pin 4 connected to the shield in the PC USB port. All standard PCs are manufactured without galvanic isolation in the USB port. To prevent damage to the USB host controller through the shield of the USB cable, follow the ground recommendations described in the operating guide. When connecting the PC to the drive through a USB cable, Danfoss recommends using a USB isolator with galvanic isolation to protect the PC USB host controller from ground potential

dierences. It is also recommended not to use a PC power cable with a ground plug when the PC is connected to the drive through a USB cable. These recommendations reduce the ground potential dierence, but does not eliminate all potential dierences due to the ground and shield connected in the PC USB port.

7 7

Illustration 7.4 USB Connection

7.4 Control Wiring and Terminals

Control cables must be shielded and the shield must be connected with a cable clamp at both ends to the metal cabinet of the unit.

For correct grounding of control cables, see Illustration 7.5.

1 Control cables and serial communication cables must be

tted with cable clamps at both ends to ensure the best

possible electrical contact.

2 Do not use twisted cable ends (pigtails). They increase the

shield impedance at high frequencies.

e30bg501.11

12 13 18 19 27 29 32 33 20

39696861 42 50 53 54 55

e30bg502.11

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

3 If the ground potential between the drive and the PLC is

dierent, electric noise can occur that disturbs the entire

system. Fit an equalizing cable next to the control cable.

Minimum cable cross-section: 16 mm2 (6 AWG).

4 If long control cables are used, 50/60 Hz ground loops are

possible. Connect 1 end of the shield to ground via a 100

nF capacitor (keeping leads short).

5 When using cables for serial communication, eliminate

low-frequency noise currents between 2 drives by

connecting 1 end of the shield to terminal 61. This

terminal is connected to ground via an internal RC link.

Use twisted-pair cables for reducing the dierential mode

interference between the conductors.

Illustration 7.5 Grounding Examples

7.4.2 Control Terminals

Illustration 7.6 shows the removable drive connectors. Terminal functions and default settings are summarized in Table 7.2 – Table 7.4.

7.4.1 Control Cable Routing

Tie down and route all control wires. Remember to connect the shields in a proper way to ensure optimum electrical immunity.

Isolate control wiring from high-power cables.

•

When the drive is connected to a thermistor,

•

ensure that the thermistor control wiring is shielded and reinforced/double insulated. A 24 V DC supply voltage is recommended.

Fieldbus connection

Connections are made to the relevant options on the control card. See the relevant eldbus instruction. The cable must be tied down and routed along with other control wires inside the unit.

Illustration 7.6 Control Terminal Locations

1 Serial communication terminals

2 Digital input/output terminals

3 Analog input/output terminals

Illustration 7.7 Terminal Numbers Located on the Connectors

RELAY 1 RELAY 2

01 02 03 04 05 06

130BF156.10

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

Terminal Parameter Default

setting

61 – – Integrated RC-lter to

68 (+) Parameter

group 8-3* FC

Port Settings

69 (-) Parameter

group 8-3* FC

Port Settings

Table 7.2 Serial Communication Terminal Descriptions

Terminal Parameter Default

setting

12, 13 – +24 V DC 24 V DC supply

18 Parameter 5-10

Terminal 18

Digital Input

19 Parameter 5-11

Terminal 19

Digital Input

32 Parameter 5-14

Terminal 32

Digital Input

33 Parameter 5-15

Terminal 33

Digital Input

27 Parameter 5-12

Terminal 27

Digital Input

29 Parameter 5-13

Terminal 29

Digital Input

20 – – Common for digital

Table 7.3 Digital Input/Output Terminal Descriptions

[8] Start Digital inputs.

[10]

Reversing

[0] No

operation

[0] No

operation

[2] Coast

inverse

[14] JOG

Description

connect cable shield

if there are EMC

problems.

– RS485 interface. A

switch (BUS TER.) is

provided on the

control card for bus

–

termination

resistance.

Description

voltage for digital

inputs and external

transducers.

Maximum output

current 200 mA for all

24 V loads.

For digital input or

output. Default

setting is input.

inputs and 0 V

potential for 24 V

supply.

Terminal Parameter Default

setting

39 – – Common for analog

42 Parameter 6-50

Terminal 42

Output

50 – +10 V DC 10 V DC analog

53 Parameter

group 6-1*

Analog Input 1

54 Parameter

group 6-2*

Analog Input 2

55 – – Common for analog

Table 7.4 Analog Input/Output Terminal Descriptions

[0] No

operation

Reference Analog input. For

Feedback

Description

output.

Programmable analog

output. 0–20 mA or

4–20 mA at a

maximum of 500 Ω.

supply voltage for

potentiometer or

thermistor. 15 mA

maximum.

voltage or current.

Switches A53 and

A54 select mA or V.

input.

Relay terminals

Illustration 7.8 Relay 1 and Relay 2 Terminals

Relay 1 and relay 2. Location depends on drive

•

conguration. See the operating guide.

Terminals on built-in optional equipment. See the

•

instructions provided with the equipment option.

Terminal Parameter Default

setting

01, 02, 03 Parameter 5-40

Function Relay

[0]

04, 05, 06 Parameter 5-40

Function Relay

[1]

Table 7.5 Relay Terminal Descriptions

[0] No

operation

[0] No

operation

Description

Form C relay output.

For AC or DC voltage

and resistive or

inductive loads.

7 7

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7.5 Fuses and Circuit Breakers

Fuses ensure that possible damage to the drive is limited to damages inside the unit. To ensure compliance with EN 50178, use the recommended fuses as replacements. Use of fuses on the supply side is mandatory for IEC 60364 (CE) compliant installations.

J8–J9 recommended fuses

Type aR fuses are recommended for enclosures J8–J9. See Table 7.6.

Model 380–480 V

N90K ar-315

N110 ar-315

N132 ar-350

N160 ar-400

N200 ar-500

N250 ar-630

N315 ar-800

Table 7.6 J8–J9 Power/Semiconductor Fuse Sizes

Model Fuse Options

Bussman Littelfuse Littelfuse Bussmann Siba Ferraz-

Shawmut

N90K 170M2619 LA50QS300-4 L50S-300 FWH-300A 20 189 20.315 A50QS300-4 6,9URD31D08A0315

N110 170M2619 LA50QS300-4 L50S-300 FWH-300A 20 189 20.315 A50QS300-4 6,9URD31D08A0315

N132 170M2620 LA50QS350-4 L50S-350 FWH-350A 20 189 20.350 A50QS350-4 6,9URD31D08A0350

N160 170M2621 LA50QS400-4 L50S-400 FWH-400A 20 189 20.400 A50QS400-4 6,9URD31D08A0400

N200 170M4015 LA50QS500-4 L50S-500 FWH-500A 20 610 31.550 A50QS500-4 6,9URD31D08A0550

N250 170M4016 LA50QS600-4 L50S-600 FWH-600A 20 610 31.630 A50QS600-4 6,9URD31D08A0630

N315 170M4017 LA50QS800-4 L50S-800 FWH-800A 20 610 31.800 A50QS800-4 6,9URD32D08A0800

Table 7.7 J8–J9 Power/Semiconductor Fuse Options, 380–480 V

Bussmann Rating

LPJ-21/2SP 2.5 A, 600 V

Table 7.8 J8–J9 Space Heater Fuse Recommendation

Ferraz-Shawmut

(Europe)

NOTICE

DISCONNECT SWITCH

All units ordered and supplied with a factory-installed disconnect switch require Class L branch circuit fusing to meet the 100 kA SCCR for the drive. If a circuit breaker is used, the SCCR rating is 42 kA. The input voltage and power rating of the drive determine the specic Class L fuse. The input voltage and power rating are found on the product nameplate. For more information regarding the nameplate, see chapter 6 Mechanical Installation Considerations.

175HA036.11

96 97 98

Motor

96 97 98

Motor

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.6 Motor

Any 3-phase asynchronous standard motor can be used with a drive.

7.6.1 Motor Thermal Protection

The electronic thermal relay in the drive has received approval for single motor overload protection, when parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection is set for ETR Trip

Terminal Function

96 U/T1

97 V/T2

98 W/T3

99 Ground

Table 7.9 Motor Cable Terminals Providing Clockwise

Rotation (Factory Default)

and parameter 1-24 Motor Current is set to the rated motor current (see the motor nameplate).

7.6.2 Parallel Connection of Motors

The drive can control several parallel-connected motors. For dierent congurations of parallel-connected motors, see Illustration 7.10.

The direction of rotation can be changed by switching 2 phases in the motor cable, or by changing the setting of parameter 4-10 Motor Speed Direction.

Motor rotation check can be performed using parameter 1-28 Motor Rotation Check and following the conguration shown in Illustration 7.9.

When using parallel motor connection, observe the following points:

Run applications with parallel motors in U/F

•

mode (volts per hertz).

VVC+ mode can be used in some applications.

•

Total current consumption of motors must not

•

exceed the rated output current I

Problems can occur at start and at low RPM if

•

for the drive.

INV

7 7

motor sizes are widely dierent because the relatively high ohmic resistance in the stator of a small motor demands a higher voltage at start and at low RPM.

The electronic thermal relay (ETR) of the drive

•

cannot be used as motor overload protection. Provide further motor overload protection by including thermistors in each motor winding or individual thermal relays.

When motors are connected in parallel,

•

parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle must be set to [0] U/f.

Illustration 7.9 Changing Motor Rotation

130BB838.12

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

A Installations with cables connected in a common joint as shown in A and B are only recommended for short cable lengths.

B Be aware of the maximum motor cable length specied in chapter 5.5 Cable Specications.

C The total motor cable length specied in chapter 5.5 Cable Specications is valid as long as the parallel cables are kept less than

10 m (32 ft) each.

D Consider voltage drop across the motor cables.

E Consider voltage drop across the motor cables.

F The total motor cable length specied in chapter 5.5 Cable Specications is valid as long as the parallel cables are kept less than

10 m (32 ft) each.

Illustration 7.10 Dierent Parallel Connections of Motors

130BB955.12

Leakage current

Motor cable length

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.6.3 Motor Insulation

For motor cable lengths that are less than or equal to the maximum cable length listed in chapter 5.5 Cable Speci- cations, use the motor insulation ratings shown in Table 7.10. If a motor has lower insulation rating, Danfoss recommends using a dU/dt or sine-wave lter.

Nominal mains voltage Motor insulation

UN≤420 V

420 V<UN≤500 V

500 V<UN≤600 V

600 V<UN≤690 V

Table 7.10 Motor Insulation Ratings

Standard ULL=1300 V

Reinforced ULL=1600 V

Reinforced ULL=1800 V

Reinforced ULL=2000 V

7.6.4 Motor Bearing Currents

To eliminate circulating bearing currents in all motors installed with the drive, install NDE (non-drive end) insulated bearings. To minimize DE (drive end) bearing and shaft currents, ensure proper grounding of the drive, motor, driven machine, and motor to the driven machine.

Standard mitigation strategies:

Use an insulated bearing.

•

Follow proper installation procedures.

•

- Ensure that the motor and load motor

are aligned.

- Follow the EMC Installation guideline.

- Reinforce the PE so the high-frequency

impedance is lower in the PE than the input power leads.

- Provide a good high-frequency connection between the motor and the drive. Use a shielded cable that has a 360° connection in the motor and the drive.

- Ensure that the impedance from the drive to building ground is lower than the grounding impedance of the machine. This procedure can be dicult for pumps.

- Make a direct ground connection between the motor and load motor.

Lower the IGBT switching frequency.

•

Modify the inverter waveform, 60° AVM vs.

•

SFAVM.

Install a shaft grounding system or use an

•

isolating coupling.

Apply conductive lubrication.

•

Use minimum speed settings if possible.

•

Try to ensure that the mains voltage is balanced

•

to ground. This procedure can be dicult for IT, TT, TN-CS, or grounded leg systems.

Use a dU/dt or sine-wave lter.

•

7.7 Residual Current Devices (RCD) and Insulation Resistance Monitor (IRM)

Use RCD relays, multiple protective grounding, or grounding as extra protection, provided they comply with local safety regulations. If a ground fault appears, a DC current can develop in the faulty current. If RCD relays are used, local regulations must be observed. Relays must be suitable for protection of 3-phase equipment with a bridge rectier and for a brief discharge on power-up. See chapter 7.8 Leakage Current for more details.

7.8 Leakage Current

Follow national and local codes regarding protective grounding of equipment where leakage current exceeds

3.5 mA.

Drive technology implies high-frequency switching at high power. This high-frequency switching generates a leakage current in the ground connection.

The ground leakage current is made up of several contributions and depends on various system including:

RFI ltering.

•

Motor cable length.

•

Motor cable shielding.

•

Drive power.

•

Illustration 7.11 Motor Cable Length and Power Size Inuence

the Leakage Current. Power Size a > Power Size b.

The leakage current also depends on the line distortion.

congurations,

7 7

130BB956.12

THDv=0%

THDv=5%

Leakage current

130BB958.12

Cable

150 Hz

3rd harmonics

50 Hz

Mains

RCD with low f

cut-

RCD with high f

cut-

Leakage current

Frequency

130BB957.11

Leakage current [mA]

100 Hz

2 kHz

100 kHz

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Illustration 7.13 Main Contributions to Leakage Current

The amount of leakage current detected by the RCD depends on the cut-o frequency of the RCD.

Illustration 7.12 Line Distortion Inuences Leakage Current

If the leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA, compliance with EN/IEC61800-5-1 (power drive system product standard) requires special care.

Reinforce grounding with the following protective ground connection requirements:

Ground wire (terminal 95) of at least 10 mm

•

(8 AWG) cross-section.

2 separate ground wires both complying with the

•

dimensioning rules.

See EN/IEC61800-5-1 and EN 50178 for further information.

Using RCDs

Where residual current devices (RCDs), also known as ground leakage circuit breakers, are used, comply with the following:

Use RCDs of type B only as they can detect AC

•

and DC currents.

Use RCDs with a delay to prevent faults due to

•

transient ground currents.

Dimension RCDs according to the system

•

congu-

ration and environmental considerations.

The leakage current includes several frequencies originating from both the mains frequency and the switching frequency. Whether the switching frequency is detected depends on the type of RCD used.

Illustration 7.14 Inuence of the RCD Cut-o Frequency on

Leakage Current

1.0

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96

0.95

0.93

0.92 0% 50% 100% 200%

0.94

Relative Eciency

130BB252.11

1.01

150%

% Speed

100% load 75% load 50% load 25% load

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.9 IT Mains

Mains supply isolated from ground

If the drive is supplied from an isolated mains source (IT mains, oating delta, or grounded delta) or TT/TN-S mains with grounded leg, the RFI switch is recommended to be turned o via parameter 14-50 RFI Filter on the drive and parameter 14-50 RFI Filter on the lter. For more detail, see IEC 364-3. In the o position, the lter capacitors between the chassis and the DC link are cut o to avoid damage to the DC link and to reduce the ground capacity currents, according to IEC 61800-3. If optimum EMC performance is needed, or parallel motors are connected, or the motor cable length is above 25 m (82 ft), Danfoss recommends setting parameter 14-50 RFI

Filter to [ON]. Refer also to the Application Note, VLT on IT Mains. It is important to use isolation monitors that are

rated for use together with power electronics (IEC 61557-8).

7.10 Eciency

Eciency of the drive (η

The load on the drive has little eect on its eciency. In general, the eciency is the same at the rated motor frequency f

, whether the motor supplies 100% of the

M,N

rated shaft torque or only 75%, in case of part loads.

The eciency of the drive does not change even if other U/f characteristics are selected. However, the U/f characteristics inuence the eciency of the motor.

The eciency declines slightly when the switching frequency is set to a value of above 5 kHz. The eciency is slightly reduced when the mains voltage is 480 V, or if the motor cable is longer than 30 m (98 ft).

Drive eciency calculation

Calculate the eciency of the drive at dierent speeds and loads based on Illustration 7.15. The factor in this graph must be multiplied by the specic eciency factor listed in the specication tables in chapter 5.1 Electrical Data, 380-480 V.

VLT

)

Example: Assume a 160 kW, 380–480/500 V AC drive at 25% load at 50% speed. Illustration 7.15 shows 0.97 - rated eciency for a 160 kW drive is 0.98. The actual eciency is then: 0.97x 0.98=0.95.

Eciency of the motor (η

MOTOR

)

The eciency of a motor connected to the drive depends on magnetizing level. In general, the eciency is as good as with mains operation. The eciency of the motor depends on the type of motor.

In the range of 75–100% of the rated torque, the eciency of the motor is practically constant, both when the drive controls it and when it runs directly on the mains.

In small motors, the inuence from the U/f characteristic on eciency is marginal. However, in motors from 11 kW (15 hp) and up, the advantages are signicant.

Typically the switching frequency does not aect the eciency of small motors. Motors from 11 kW (15 hp) and up have their eciency improved (1–2%) because the shape of the motor current sine-wave is almost perfect at high switching frequency.

Eciency of the system (η

SYSTEM

)

To calculate system eciency, the eciency of the drive (η

) is multiplied by the eciency of the motor (η

VLT

SYSTEM=ηVLT

7.11

x η

MOTOR

Acoustic Noise

MOTOR

The acoustic noise from the drive comes from 3 sources:

DC intermediate circuit coils.

•

Internal fans.

•

lter choke.

RFI

•

Table 7.11 lists the typical acoustic noise values measured at a distance of 1 m (9 ft) from the unit.

Enclosure size dBA at full fan speed

J8 73

J9 75

7 7

Illustration 7.15 Typical

Eciency Curves

Table 7.11 Acoustic Noise

Test results performed according to ISO 3744 for audible noise magnitude in a controlled environment. Noise tone has been quantied for engineering data record of hardware performance per ISO 1996-2 Annex D.

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7.12 dU/dt Conditions

insulation are aected if the peak voltage is too high. Motor cable length aects the rise time and peak voltage.

NOTICE

To avoid the premature aging of motors that are not designed to be used with drives, such as those motors

If the motor cable is short (a few meters), the rise time and peak voltage are lower. If the motor cable is long (100 m (328 ft)), the rise time and peak voltage are higher.

without phase insulation paper or other insulation reinforcement, Danfoss strongly recommends a dU/dt lter or a sine-wave lter tted on the output of the drive. For further information about dU/dt and sine-wave lters, see the Output Filters Design Guide.

Peak voltage on the motor terminals is caused by the switching of the IGBTs. The drive complies with the demands of IEC 60034-25:2007 edition 2.0 regarding motors designed to be controlled by drives. The drive also complies with IEC 60034-17:2006 edition 4 regarding Norm

When a transistor in the inverter bridge switches, the

motors controlled by drives.

voltage across the motor increases by a dU/dt ratio depending on the motor cable (type, cross-section, length shielded or unshielded) and the inductance.

High-power range

The power sizes in Table 7.12 to Table 7.13 at the appropriate mains voltages comply with the requirements

The natural induction causes an overshoot U

PEAK

in the

motor voltage before it stabilizes itself at a level

depending on the voltage in the intermediate circuit. The rise time and the peak voltage U

aect the service life

PEAK

of the motor. In particular, motors without phase coil

of IEC 60034-17:2006 edition 4 regarding normal motors controlled by drives, IEC 60034-25:2007 edition 2.0 regarding motors designed to be controlled by drives, and NEMA MG 1-1998 Part 31.4.4.2 for inverter-fed motors. The power sizes in Table 7.12 to Table 7.13 do not comply with NEMA MG 1-1998 Part 30.2.2.8 for general purpose motors.

7.12.1 dU/dt Test Results for Enclosures J8–J9

Power size [kW (hp)] Cable [m (ft)] Mains voltage [V]

90–160 (125–250) 30 (98) 500 0.71 1180 1339

150 (492) 500 0.76 1423 1497

300 (984) 500 0.91 1557 1370

200–315 (300–450) 30 (98) 500 1.10 1116 815

150 (492) 500 2.53 1028 321

300 (984) 500 1.29 835 517

Table 7.12 IEC dU/dt Test Results for J8–J9 with Unshielded Cables and No Output Filter, 380–480 V

Power size [kW (hp)] Cable [m (ft)] Mains voltage [V]

90–160 (125–250) 30 (98) 500 – – –

150 (492) 500 0.66 1418 1725

300 (984) 500 0.96 1530 1277

200–315 (300–450) 30 (98) 500 – – –

150 (492) 500 0.56 1261 1820

300 (984) 500 0.78 1278 1295

Table 7.13 IEC dU/dt Test Results for J8–J9 with Shielded Cables and No Output Filter, 380–480 V

Rise time [µs]

Peak voltage [V]

dU/dt [V/µs]

175ZA062.12

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.13 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Overview

Electrical devices both generate interference and are aected by interference from other generated sources. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of these eects depends on the power and the harmonic characteristics of the devices.

Uncontrolled interaction between electrical devices in a system can degrade compatibility and impair reliable operation. Interference takes the form of the following:

Electrostatic discharges.

•

Rapid voltage

•

High-frequency interference.

•

Electrical interference is most commonly found at frequencies in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Airborne interference from the drive system in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz is generated from the inverter, motor cable, and the motor.

Capacitive currents in the motor cable, coupled with a high dU/dt from the motor voltage, generate leakage currents. See Illustration 7.16. Shielded motor cables have higher capacitance between the phase wires and the shield, and again between the shield and ground. This added cable capacitance, along with other parasitic capacitance and motor inductance, changes the electromagnetic emission signature produced by the unit. The change in electromagnetic emission signature occurs mainly in emissions less than 5 MHz. Most of the leakage current (I1) is carried back to the unit through the PE (I3), leaving only a small electromagnetic increases the low-frequency interference on the mains.

uctuations.

eld (I4) from the shielded motor cable. The shield reduces the radiated interference but

7 7

1 Ground wire Cs Possible shunt parasitic capacitance paths (varies with dierent

installations)

2 Shield I1Common-mode leakage current

3 AC mains supply I2Shielded motor cable

4 Drive I

Safety ground (4th conductor in motor cables)

5 Shielded motor cable I4Unintended common-mode current

6 Motor – –

Illustration 7.16 Electric Model Showing Possible Leakage Currents

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7.13.1 EMC Test Results

The following test results have been obtained using a drive (with options if relevant), a shielded control cable, a control box with potentiometer, a motor, and motor shielded cable.

RFI lter type Conducted emission Radiated emission

Standards and

requirements

FC 361 90–315 kW

EN 55011 Class B

Housing,

trades, and

light

industries

EN/IEC 61800-3 Category C1

First

environment

Home and

oce

No No 150 m

380–480 V

Class A

group 1

Industrial

environment

Category C2

First

environment

Home and

oce

Class A

group 2

Industrial

environment

Category C3

Second

environment

Industrial

(492 ft)

Class B

Housing, trades,

and light

industries

Category C1

First

environment

Home and oce

No No Yes

Class A

group 1

Industrial

environment

Category C2

First environment

Home and oce

Class A

group 2

Industrial

environment

Category C3

First

environment

Home and

oce

Table 7.14 EMC Test Results (Emission and Immunity)

7.13.2 Emission Requirements

According to the EMC product standard for adjustable speed drives EN/IEC 61800-3:2004, the EMC requirements depend on the environment in which the drive is installed. These environments along with the mains voltage supply requirements are dened in Table 7.15.

The drives comply with EMC requirements described in IEC/EN 61800-3 (2004)+AM1 (2011), category C3, for equipment having greater than 100 A per-phase current draw, installed in the 2nd environment. Compliance testing is performed with a 150 m (492 ft) shielded motor cable.

Category

(EN 61800-3)

C1 First environment (home and oce) with a supply voltage less than 1000 V. Class B

C2 First environment (home and oce) with a supply voltage less than 1000 V, which

C3 Second environment (industrial) with a supply voltage lower than 1000 V. Class A Group 2

C4 Second environment with the following:

Table 7.15 Emission Requirements

Denition Conducted emission

(EN 55011)

Class A Group 1

is not plug-in or movable and where a professional is intended to be used to

install or commission the system.

No limit line.

Supply voltage equal to or above 1000 V.

•

Rated current equal to or above 400 A.

•

Intended for use in complex systems.

•

An EMC plan must be made.

When the generic emission standards are used, the drives are required to comply with Table 7.16.

Environment Generic standard Conducted emission requirement

according to EN 55011 limits

First environment

(home and oce)

Second environment

(industrial environment)

Table 7.16 Generic Emission Standard Limits

EN/IEC 61000-6-3 Emission standard for residential, commercial,

and light industrial environments.

EN/IEC 61000-6-4 Emission standard for industrial environments. Class A Group 1

Class B

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.13.3 Immunity Requirements

The immunity requirements for drives depend on the installation environment. The requirements for the industrial environment are higher than the requirements for the home and oce environment. All Danfoss drives comply with the requirements for both the industrial and the home/oce environment.

To document immunity against burst transient, the following immunity tests have been performed on a drive (with options if relevant), a shielded control cable, and a control box with potentiometer, motor cable, and motor. The tests were performed in accordance with the following basic standards. For more details, see Table 7.17.

EN 61000-4-2 (IEC 61000-4-2): Electrostatic discharges (ESD): Simulation of electrostatic discharges from human

•

beings.

EN 61000-4-3 (IEC 61000-4-3): Incoming electromagnetic

•

eects of radar, radio communication equipment, and mobile communications equipment.

EN 61000-4-4 (IEC 61000-4-4): Burst transients: Simulation of interference brought about by switching a contactor,

•

relay, or similar devices.

EN 61000-4-5 (IEC 61000-4-5): Surge transients: Simulation of transients brought about by lightning strikes near

•

installations.

EN 61000-4-6 (IEC 61000-4-6): RF common mode: Simulation of the eect from radio-transmission equipment

•

joined by connection cables.

eld radiation, amplitude modulated simulation of the

7 7

Basic standard Burst

IEC 61000-4-4

Acceptance criterion B B B A A

Line 4 kV CM

Motor 4 kV CM

Control wires 2 kV CM

Standard bus 2 kV CM

Relay wires 2 kV CM

Application/eldbus options 2 kV CM

LCP cable 2 kV CM

External 24 V DC 2 V CM

Enclosure – – 8 kV AD

Table 7.17 EMC Immunity Form, Voltage Range: 380–480

1) Injection on cable shield.

AD: air discharge; CD: contact discharge; CM: common mode; DM:

Surge

IEC 61000-4-5

2 kV/2 Ω DM

4 kV/12 Ω CM

4 kV/2 Ω

2 kV/2 Ω

0.5 kV/2 Ω DM

1 kV/12 Ω CM

dierential mode.

ESD

IEC

61000-4-2

– – 10 V

6 kV CD

Radiated

electro-magnetic eld

IEC 61000-4-3

10 V/m –

RF common

mode voltage

IEC 61000-4-6

RMS

130BX514.10

37 6

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

7.13.4 EMC Compatibility

NOTICE

OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITY

According to the EN 61800–3 standard for variable-speed drive systems, the operator is responsible for ensuring EMC compliance. Manufacturers can oer solutions for operation conforming to the standard. Operators are responsible for applying these solutions, and for paying the associated costs.

There are 2 options for ensuring electromagnetic compatibility.

Eliminate or minimize interference at the source

•

of emitted interference.

Increase the immunity to interference in devices

•

aected by its reception.

RFI lters

The goal is to obtain systems that operate stably without radio frequency interference between components. To achieve a high level of immunity, use drives with highquality RFI lters.

1 Current transducers

2 Galvanic isolation for the RS485 standard bus interface

3 Gate drive for the IGBTs

4 Supply (SMPS) including signal isolation of V DC, indicating

the intermediate current voltage

5 Galvanic isolation for the 24 V back-up option

6 Opto-coupler, brake module (optional)

7 Internal inrush, RFI, and temperature measurement circuits

8 Customer relays

Illustration 7.17 Galvanic Isolation

NOTICE

RADIO INTERFERENCE

In a residential environment, this product can cause radio interference, in which case supplementary mitigation measures may be required.

PELV and galvanic isolation compliance

All E1h–E4h drives control and relay terminals comply with PELV (excluding grounded Delta leg above 400 V).

Galvanic (ensured) isolation is obtained by fullling requirements for higher isolation and by providing the relevant creepage/clearance distances. These requirements are described in the EN 61800–5–1 standard.

Electrical isolation is provided as shown (see Illustration 7.17). The components described comply with both PELV and the galvanic isolation requirements.

EMC-compliant Installation

7.14

To obtain an EMC-compliant installation, follow the instructions provided in the operating guide. For an example of proper EMC installation, see Illustration 7.18.

NOTICE

TWISTED SHIELD ENDS (PIGTAILS)

Twisted shield ends increase the shield impedance at higher frequencies, which reduces the shield eect and increases the leakage current. Avoid twisted shield ends by using integrated shield clamps.

For use with relays, control cables, a signal

•

interface, eldbus, or brake, connect the shield to the enclosure at both ends. If the ground path has high impedance, is noisy, or is carrying current, break the shield connection on 1 end to avoid ground current loops.

Convey the currents back to the unit using a

•

metal mounting plate. Ensure good electrical contact from the mounting plate through the mounting screws to the drive chassis.

Use shielded cables for motor output cables. An

•

alternative is unshielded motor cables within metal conduit.

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

NOTICE

SHIELDED CABLES

If shielded cables or metal conduits are not used, the unit and the installation do not meet regulatory limits on radio frequency (RF) emission levels.

Ensure that motor and brake cables are as short

•

as possible to reduce the interference level from the entire system.

Avoid placing cables with a sensitive signal level

•

alongside motor and brake cables.

For communication and command/control lines,

•

follow the particular communication protocol standards. For example, USB must use shielded cables, but RS485/ethernet can use shielded UTP or unshielded UTP cables.

Ensure that all control terminal connections are

•

PELV.

NOTICE

EMC INTERFERENCE

Use shielded cables for motor and control wiring. Make sure to separate mains input, motor, and control cables from one another. Failure to isolate these cables can result in unintended behavior or reduced performance. Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) clearance between mains input, motor, and control cables are required.

NOTICE

INSTALLATION AT HIGH ALTITUDE

There is a risk of overvoltage. Isolation between components and critical parts could be insucient and not comply with PELV requirements. Reduce the risk of overvoltage by using external protective devices or galvanic isolation. For installations above 2000 m (6500 ft) altitude, contact Danfoss regarding PELV compliance.

7 7

e30bf228.11

L1 L2 L3

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

NOTICE

PELV COMPLIANCE

Prevent electric shock by using protective extra low voltage (PELV) electrical supply and complying with local and national PELV regulations.

1 PLC 10 Mains cable (unshielded)

Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG) equalizing cable

3 Control cables 12 Cable insulation stripped

4 Minimum 200 mm (7.9 in) between control cables, motor

cables, and mains cables

5 Mains supply 14 Brake resistor

6 Bare (unpainted) surface 15 Metal box

7 Star washers 16 Connection to motor

8 Brake cable (shielded) 17 Motor

9 Motor cable (shielded) 18 EMC cable gland

Illustration 7.18 Example of Proper EMC Installation

11 Output contactor

13 Common ground busbar. Follow local and national

requirements for cabinet grounding

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

7.15 Harmonics Overview

Non-linear loads such as those found with drives do not draw current uniformly from the power line. This nonsinusoidal current has components which are multiples of the basic current frequency. These components are referred to as harmonics. It is important to control the total harmonic distortion on the mains supply. Although the harmonic currents do not directly aect electrical energy consumption, they generate heat in wiring and transformers that can aect other devices on the same power line.

7.15.1 Harmonic Analysis

Since harmonics increase heat losses, it is important to design systems with harmonics in mind to prevent overloading the transformer, inductors, and wiring. When necessary, perform an analysis of the system harmonics to determine equipment eects.

A non-sinusoidal current is transformed with a Fourier series analysis into sine-wave currents at dierent frequencies, that is, dierent harmonic currents IN with 50 Hz or 60 Hz as the basic frequency.

THDi

U25 + U 27 + ... + U 2n

7.15.2 Eect of Harmonics in a Power Distribution System

In Illustration 7.19, a transformer is connected on the primary side to a point of common coupling PCC1, on the medium voltage supply. The transformer has an impedance Z

and feeds several loads. The point of common coupling

xfr

where all loads are connected is PCC2. Each load connects through cables that have an impedance Z1, Z2, Z3.

7 7

Abbreviation Description

n Harmonic order

Table 7.18 Harmonics-related Abbreviations

Basic

Current I

Frequency 50 Hz 250 Hz 350 Hz 550 Hz

Table 7.19 Basic Currents and Harmonic Currents

Current Harmonic current

Input current 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 <0.1

Table 7.20 Harmonic Currents vs. RMS Input Current

Basic frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz)

Current at the basic frequency

Voltage at the basic frequency

Current at the nth harmonic frequency

Voltage at the nth harmonic frequency

Harmonic current (In)

current (I1)

RMSI1

11-49

The voltage distortion on the mains supply voltage depends on the size of the harmonic currents multiplied by the mains impedance for the frequency in question. The total voltage distortion (THDi) is calculated based on the individual voltage harmonics using this formula:

PCC Point of common coupling

MV Medium voltage

LV Low voltage

Transformer impedance

xfr

Modeling resistance and inductance in the wiring

Illustration 7.19 Small Distribution System

Harmonic currents drawn by non-linear loads cause distortion of the voltage because of the voltage drop on the impedances of the distribution system. Higher impedances result in higher levels of voltage distortion.

Current distortion relates to apparatus performance and it relates to the individual load. Voltage distortion relates to system performance. It is not possible to determine the voltage distortion in the PCC knowing only the harmonic performance of the load. To predict the distortion in the PCC, the conguration of the distribution system and relevant impedances must be known.

Electrical Installation Con... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

A commonly used term for describing the impedance of a grid is the short circuit ratio R ratio between the short circuit apparent power of the supply at the PCC (Ssc) and the rated apparent power of the load.

).R

equ

where Ssc=

Negative eects of harmonics

•

sce

equ

and S

supply

Harmonic currents contribute to system losses (in cabling and transformer).

Harmonic voltage distortion causes disturbance to other loads and increases losses in other loads.

equ

= U × I

equ

, where R

sce

is dened as the

sce

7.15.3 IEC Harmonic Standards

In most of Europe, the basis for the objective assessment of the quality of mains power is the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices Act (EMVG). Compliance with these regulations ensures that all devices and networks connected to electrical distribution systems fulll their intended purpose without generating problems.

Standard Denition

EN 61000-2-2, EN 61000-2-4, EN 50160 Dene the mains voltage limits required for public and industrial power grids.

EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-12 Regulate mains interference generated by connected devices in lower current products.

EN 50178 Monitors electronic equipment for use in power installations.

Table 7.21 EN Design Standards for Mains Power Quality

There are 2 European standards that address harmonics in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 9 kHz:

EN 61000–2–2 (Compatibility Levels for Low-Frequency Conducted Disturbances and Signaling in Public Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems

The EN 61000–2–2 standard states the requirements for compatibility levels for PCC (point of common coupling) of lowvoltage AC systems on a public supply network. Limits are specied only for harmonic voltage and total harmonic distortion of the voltage. EN 61000–2–2 does not dene limits for harmonic currents. In situations where the total harmonic distortion THD(V)=8%, PCC limits are identical to those limits specied in the EN 61000–2–4 Class 2.

EN 61000–2–4 (Compatibility Levels for Low-Frequency Conducted Disturbances and Signaling in Industrial Plants)

The EN 61000–2–4 standard states the requirements for compatibility levels in industrial and private networks. The standard further denes the following 3 classes of electromagnetic environments:

Class 1 relates to compatibility levels that are less than the public supply network, which aects equipment

•

sensitive to disturbances (lab equipment, some automation equipment, and certain protection devices).

Class 2 relates to compatibility levels that are equal to the public supply network. The class applies to PCCs on the

•

public supply network and to IPCs (internal points of coupling) on industrial or other private supply networks. Any equipment designed for operation on a public supply network is allowed in this class.

Class 3 relates to compatibility levels greater than the public supply network. This class applies only to IPCs in

•

industrial environments. Use this class where the following equipment is found:

- Large drives.

- Welding machines.

- Large motors starting frequently.

- Loads that change quickly.

Typically, a class cannot be the environment. Drives observe the limits of Class 3 under typical supply system conditions (RSC>10 or

dened ahead of time without considering the intended equipment and processes to be used in

<10%).

Vk Line

Electrical Installation Con... Design Guide

Harmonic order (h) Class 1 (Vh%) Class 2 (Vh%) Class 3 (Vh%)

5 3 6 8

7 3 5 7

11 3 3.5 5

13 3 3 4.5

17 2 2 4

17˂h≤49 2.27 x (17/h) – 0.27 2.27 x (17/h) – 0.27 4.5 x (17/h) – 0.5

Table 7.22 Compatibility Levels for Harmonics

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

THDv 5% 8% 10%

Table 7.23 Compatibility Levels for the Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion THDv

7.15.4 Harmonic Compliance

Danfoss drives comply with the following standards:

IEC61000-2-4.

•

IEC61000-3-4.

•

G5/4.

•

7 7

1 2 3

130BF777.10

Remote reference

Local reference

(Auto On)

(Hand On)

Linked to hand/auto

Local

Remote

Reference

130BA245.12

LCP keys: (Hand On), (O), and (Auto On)

P 3-13 Reference Site

Basic Operating Principles ... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

8 Basic Operating Principles of a Drive

This chapter provides an overview of the primary

8.2 Drive Controls

assemblies and circuitry of a Danfoss drive. It describes the internal electrical and signal processing functions. A description of the internal control structure is also included.

8.1 Description of Operation

A drive is an electronic controller that supplies a regulated amount of AC power to a 3-phase inductive motor. By supplying variable frequency and voltage to the motor, the drive varies the motor speed or maintains a constant speed as the load on the motor changes. Also, the drive can stop and start a motor without the mechanical stress associated with a line start.

The following processes are used to control and regulate the motor:

User input/reference.

•

Feedback handling.

•

User-dened control structure.

•

- Open loop/closed-loop mode.

- Motor control (speed, torque, or

process).

Control algorithms (VVC+, ux sensorless, ux

•

with motor feedback, and internal current control VVC+).

In its basic form, the drive can be divided into the following 4 main areas:

8.2.1 User Inputs/References

Rectier

The rectier consists of SCRs or diodes that convert 3phase AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage.

DC link (DC bus)

The DC link consists of inductors and capacitor banks that stabilize the pulsating DC voltage.

Inverter

The inverter uses IGBTs to convert the DC voltage to variable voltage and variable frequency AC.

Control

The control area consists of software that runs the hardware to produce the variable voltage that controls and regulates the AC motor.

The drive uses an input source (also called reference) to control and regulate the motor. The drive receives this input either:

Manually via the LCP. This method is referred to

•

as local (Hand On).

Remotely via analog/digital inputs and various

•

serial interfaces (RS485, USB, or an optional eldbus). This method is referred to as remote (Auto On) and is the default input setting.

Active reference

The term active reference refers to the active input source. The active reference is congured in

parameter 3-13 Reference Site. See Illustration 8.2 and Table 8.1.

For more information, see the programming guide.

1 Rectier (SCR/diodes)

2 DC link (DC bus)

3 Inverter (IGBTs)

Illustration 8.1 Internal Processing

Illustration 8.2 Selecting Active Reference

Basic Operating Principles ... Design Guide

LCP keys Parameter 3-13 Reference

Site

[Hand On] Linked to hand/auto Local

[Hand On]⇒(O)

[Auto On] Linked to hand/auto Remote

[Auto On]⇒(O)

All keys Local Local

All keys Remote Remote

Table 8.1 Local and Remote Reference Congurations

Linked to hand/auto Local

Linked to hand/auto Remote

Active

Reference

8.2.2 Remote Handling of References

Remote handling of reference applies to both open-loop and closed-loop operation. See Illustration 8.3.

Up to 8 internal preset references can be programmed into the drive. The active internal preset reference can be selected externally through digital control inputs or through the serial communications bus.

External references can also be supplied to the drive, most commonly through an analog control input. All reference

sources and the bus reference are added to produce the total external reference.

The active reference can be selected from the following:

External reference.

•

Preset reference.

•

Setpoint.

•

Sum of the external reference, preset reference,

•

and setpoint.

The active reference can be scaled. The scaled reference is calculated as follows:

Reference = X  + X × 

Where X is the external reference, the preset reference, or the sum of these references, and Y is parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference in [%].

If Y, parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference, is set to 0%, the scaling does not

100

aect the reference.

8 8

Preset relative ref.

Preset ref.Ref. 1 source

Ext. closed loop outputs

No function

Analog inputs

Frequency inputs

No function

Freeze ref.

Speed up/ speed down

ref.

Remote

Ref. in %

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Open loop

Freeze ref. & increase/ decrease ref.

Scale to

RPM,Hz or %

Scale to Closed loop unit

Relative X+X*Y /100

DigiPot

max ref.

min ref.

[0]

o

Conguration mode

Closed loop

Input command:

Ref. function

Ref. Preset

Input command:

Preset ref. bit0, bit1, bit2

External reference in %

Bus reference

Open loop

From Feedback Handling

Setpoint

Conguration mode

Input command:

Digipot ref.

Increase

Decrease

Clear

DigiPot

Closed loop

Ref. 2 sourceRef. 3 source

Analog inputs

Frequency inputs

Analog inputs

Frequency inputs

Ext. closed loop outputs

P 3-10P 3-15P 3-16P 3-17

P 1-00

P 3-14

±100%

130BA357.12

P 3-04

±200%

P 1-00

±200%

0/1



Basic Operating Principles ... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Illustration 8.3 Remote Handling of Reference

Setpoint 1

P 20-21

Setpoint 2

P 20-22

Setpoint 3

P 20-23

Feedback 1 Source

P 20-00

Feedback 2 Source

P 20-03

Feedback 3 Source

P 20-06

Feedback conv. P 20-01

Feedback conv. P 20-04

Feedback conv. P 20-07

Feedback 1

Feedback 2

Feedback 3

Feedback

Feedback Function

P 20-20

Multi setpoint min. Multi setpoint max.

Feedback 1 only Feedback 2 only Feedback 3 only

Sum (1+2+3)

Dierence (1-2)

Average (1+2+3) Minimum (1|2|3) Maximum (1|2|3)

Setpoint to Reference Handling

130BA354.12

Basic Operating Principles ... Design Guide

8.2.3 Feedback Handling

Feedback handling can be congured to work with applications requiring advanced control, such as multiple setpoints and multiple types of feedback. See Illustration 8.4. Three types of control are common:

Single zone (single setpoint)

This control type is a basic feedback conguration. Setpoint 1 is added to any other reference (if any) and the feedback signal is selected.

Multi-zone (single setpoint)

This control type uses 2 or 3 feedback sensors but only 1 setpoint. The feedback can be added, subtracted, or averaged. In addition, the maximum or minimum value can be used. Setpoint 1 is used exclusively in this conguration.

Multi-zone (setpoint/feedback)

The setpoint/feedback pair with the largest dierence controls the speed of the drive. The maximum value attempts to keep all zones at or below their respective setpoints, while the minimum value attempts to keep all zones at or above their respective setpoints.

Example

A 2-zone, 2-setpoint application. Zone 1 setpoint is 15 bar, and the feedback is 5.5 bar. Zone 2 setpoint is 4.4 bar, and the feedback is 4.6 bar. If maximum is selected, the zone 2 setpoint and feedback are sent to the PID controller, since it has the smaller dierence (feedback is higher than setpoint, resulting in a negative dierence). If minimum is selected, the zone 1 setpoint and feedback is sent to the PID controller, since it has the larger dierence (feedback is lower than setpoint, resulting in a positive dierence).

8 8

Illustration 8.4 Block Diagram of Feedback Signal Processing

130BF834.10

Reference signal

Reference

FB conversion

FB signal

Flow

PID

Parameter 20-01 Parameter 20-04 Parameter 20-07

Basic Operating Principles ... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Feedback conversion

In some applications, it is useful to convert the feedback signal. One example is using a pressure signal to provide ow feedback. Since the square root of pressure is proportional to ow, the square root of the pressure signal yields a value proportional to the ow, see Illustration 8.5.

Illustration 8.5 Feedback Conversion

8.2.4 Control Structure Overview

The control structure is a software process that controls the motor based on user-dened references (for example, RPM) and whether feedback is used/not used (closed loop/open loop). The operator denes the control in parameter 1-00 Congu- ration Mode.

The control structures are as follows:

Open-loop control structure

Speed (RPM).

•

Torque (Nm).

•

Closed-loop control structure

Speed (RPM).

•

Torque (Nm).

•

Process

(user-dened units, for example, feet, lpm, psi, %, bar).

130BB153.10

100%

-100%

100%

P 3-13 Reference site

Local reference scaled to RPM or Hz

Auto mode

Hand mode

LCP Hand on, o and auto on keys

Linked to hand/auto

Local

Remote

Reference

Ramp

P 4-10 Motor speed direction

To motor control

Reference handling Remote reference

P 4-13 Motor speed high limit [RPM]

P 4-14 Motor speed high limit [Hz]

P 4-11 Motor speed low limit [RPM]

P 4-12 Motor speed low limit [Hz]

P 3-4* Ramp 1 P 3-5* Ramp 2

Basic Operating Principles ... Design Guide

8.2.5 Open-loop Control Structure

In open-loop mode, the drive uses 1 or more references (local or remote) to control the speed or torque of the motor. There are 2 types of open-loop control:

Speed control. No feedback from the motor.

•

Torque control. Used in VVC+ mode. The function is used in mechanically robust applications, but its accuracy is

•

limited. Open-loop torque function works only in 1 speed direction. The torque is calculated based on current measurement within the drive. See chapter 9 Application Examples.

In the conguration shown in Illustration 8.6, the drive operates in open-loop mode. It receives input from either the LCP (hand-on mode) or via a remote signal (auto-on mode).

The signal (speed reference) is received and conditioned with the following:

Programmed minimum and maximum motor speed limits (in RPM and Hz).

•

Ramp-up and ramp-down times.

•

Motor rotation direction.

•

The reference is then passed on to control the motor.

8 8

Illustration 8.6 Block Diagram of an Open-loop Control Structure

P 20-81

PID Normal/Inverse

Control

PID

Ref. Handling

Feedback Handling

Scale to speed

P 4-10

Motor speed

direction

To motor control

(Illustration)

130BA359.12



100%

-100%

100%

*[-1]

Basic Operating Principles ... VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

8.2.6 Closed-loop Control Structure

In closed-loop mode, the drive uses 1 or more references (local or remote) and feedback sensors to control the motor. The drive receives a feedback signal from a sensor in the system. It then compares this feedback to a setpoint reference value and determines if there is any discrepancy between these 2 signals. The drive then adjusts the speed of the motor to correct the discrepancy.

For example, consider a pump application in which the speed of the pump is controlled so that the static pressure in a pipe is constant (see Illustration 8.7). The drive receives a feedback signal from a sensor in the system. It compares this feedback to a setpoint reference value and determines the discrepancy if any, between these 2 signals. It then adjusts the speed of the motor to compensate for the discrepancy.

The static pressure setpoint is the reference signal to the drive. A static pressure sensor measures the actual static pressure in the pipe and provides this information to the drive as a feedback signal. If the feedback signal exceeds the setpoint reference, the drive ramps down to reduce the pressure. Similarly, if the pipe pressure is lower than the setpoint reference, the drive ramps up to increase the pump pressure.

There are 3 types of closed-loop control:

Speed control. This type of control requires a speed PID feedback for an input. A properly optimized speed closed-

•

loop control has higher accuracy than a speed open-loop control.

Process control. Used to control application parameters that are measured by

•

temperature, and ow) and are aected by the connected motor through a pump or fan.

dierent sensors (pressure,

Illustration 8.7 Block Diagram of Closed-loop Controller

Programmable features

While the default values for the drive in closed loop often provide satisfactory performance, system control can often be optimized by tuning the PID parameters. Auto tuning is provided for this optimization.

Inverse regulation - motor speed increases when a feedback signal is high.

•

Start-up frequency - lets the system quickly reach an operating status before the PID controller takes over.

•

Built-in lowpass lter - reduces feedback signal noise.

•



Cong. mode

Ref.

Process

P 1-00

High

+f max.

Low

-f max.

P 4-11 Motor speed low limit (RPM)

P 4-12 Motor speed low limit (Hz)

P 4-13 Motor speed high limit (RPM)

P 4-14 Motor speed high limit (Hz)

Motor controller

Ramp

Speed PID

P 7-20 Process feedback

1 source P 7-22 Process feedback

2 source

P 7-00 Speed PID

feedback source

P 1-00

Cong. mode

P 4-19 Max. output freq.

-f max.

Motor controller

P 4-19 Max. output freq.

+f max.

P 3-**

P 7-0*

130BA055.10

Basic Operating Principles ... Design Guide

8.2.7 Control Processing

See Active/Inactive Parameters in Dierent Drive Control Modes in the programming guide for an overview of which control conguration is available for your application, depending on selection of AC motor or PM motor.

8.2.7.1

Control Structure in VVC

Illustration 8.8 Control Structure in VVC+ Open-loop and Closed-loop Congurations

8 8

In Illustration 8.8, the resulting reference from the reference handling system is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output of the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.

Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [1] VVC+ and parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode is set to [0] Speed open loop. If parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop, the resulting reference is passed from the ramp limitation and speed limitation into a speed PID control. The speed PID control parameters are located in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting reference from the speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.

Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of, for example, speed or pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter groups 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and 7-3* Process PID Ctrl.

8.2.7.2

When the motor torque exceeds the torque limits set in parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode, parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode, and parameter 4-18 Current Limit, the integral current limit control is activated. When the drive is at the current limit during motor operation or regenerative operation, it tries to get below the preset torque limits as quickly as possible without losing control of the motor.

Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode

e30bh107.10

Encoder

Motor

Gearbox

Load

Transmission

+10

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

A53

U - I

0 – 10 V

e30bb926.11

+10

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

e30bb927.11

A53

U - I

4 - 20mA

Application Examples VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

9 Application Examples

The examples in this section are intended as a quick

9.2 Wiring for Open-loop Speed Control

reference for common applications.

Parameters

Parameters associated with the terminals and

•

their settings are shown next to the drawings.

Switch settings for analog terminals A53 or A54

•

are shown where required.

9.1 Programming a Closed-loop Drive System

A closed-loop drive system usually consists of the following:

Motor.

•

Drive.

•

Encoder as feedback system.

•

Transmission.

•

Gearbox.

•

Load.

•

Table 9.1 Analog Speed Reference (Voltage)

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 6-10 Termi

nal 53 Low Voltage

Parameter 6-11 Termi

nal 53 High Voltage

Parameter 6-14 Termi

nal 53 Low Ref./

Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-15 Termi

nal 53 High Ref./

Feedb. Value

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Assumptions are 0 V DC input

= 0 Hz speed and 10 V DC

input = 50 Hz speed.

Function Setting

Parameter 6-12 Terminal

53 Low Current

Parameter 6-13 Terminal

53 High Current

Parameter 6-14 Terminal

53 Low Ref./Feedb.

Value

Parameter 6-15 Terminal

53 High Ref./Feedb.

Value

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Assumptions are 4 mA input =

0 Hz speed and 20 mA input =

50 Hz speed.

0.07 V*

10 V*

0 Hz

50 Hz

4 mA*

20 mA*

0 Hz

50 Hz

Illustration 9.1 Basic Set-up for Closed-loop Speed Control

Table 9.2 Analog Speed Reference (Current)

+10

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

A53

U - I

≈ 5kΩ

e30bb683.11

+24 V

D IN

COM

D IN

e30bg503.10

130BB840.12

Speed

Reference

Start (18)

Freeze ref (27)

Speed up (29)

Speed down (32)

+24 V

D IN

COM

D IN

e30bg504.10

130BB805.12

Speed

Start/Stop (18)

+24 V

D IN

COM

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

e30bg505.10

Application Examples Design Guide

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 6-12 Terminal

53 Low Current

Parameter 6-13 Terminal

53 High Current

Parameter 6-14 Terminal

53 Low Ref./Feedb.

Value

Parameter 6-15 Terminal

53 High Ref./Feedb.

Value

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Assumptions are 0 V DC input

= 0 RPM speed and 10 V DC

input = 1500 RPM speed.

Table 9.3 Speed Reference (Using a Manual Potentiometer)

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-10 Termin

[8] Start*

al 18 Digital Input

Parameter 5-12 Termin

al 27 Digital Input

Reference

Parameter 5-13 Termin

al 29 Digital Input

Speed Up

Parameter 5-14 Termin

al 32 Digital Input

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Table 9.4 Speed Up/Speed Down

4 mA*

20 mA*

0 Hz

50 Hz

[19]

Freeze

[21]

[22]

Speed

Down

9.3 Wiring for Start/Stop

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-10

Terminal 18

Digital Input

Parameter 5-12

Terminal 27

Digital Input

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

If parameter 5-12 Terminal 27

Digital Input is set to [0] No

operation, a jumper wire to

terminal 27 is not needed.

Table 9.5 Start/Stop Command

Illustration 9.3 Start/Stop Command

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-1

0 Terminal 18

Digital Input

Parameter 5-1

2 Terminal 27

Digital Input

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

[6] Stop Inverse

[8] Start*

[0] No

operation

9 9

[9] Latched

Start

Illustration 9.2 Speed Up/Speed Down

Table 9.6 Pulse Start/Stop

Speed

130BB806.10

Latched Start (18)

Stop Inverse (27)

+24 V

D IN

COM

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

130BB934.11

+24 V

D IN

COM

D IN

+10

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

e30bg506.10

Application Examples VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Wiring for External Alarm Reset

9.4

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-11 T

erminal 19

Digital Input

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Illustration 9.4 Latched Start/Stop Inverse

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-10

[8] Start

Terminal 18

Digital Input

Parameter 5-11

Terminal 19

[10]

Reversing*

Digital Input

Parameter 5-12

Terminal 27

[0] No

operation

Table 9.8 External Alarm Reset

Digital Input

Parameter 5-14

Terminal 32

[16] Preset ref

bit 0

Digital Input

Parameter 5-15

Terminal 33

[17] Preset ref

bit 1

Digital Input

Parameter 3-10

Preset

Reference

Preset ref. 0

Preset ref. 1

Preset ref. 2

Preset ref. 3

Table 9.7 Start/Stop with Reversing and 4 Preset Speeds

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

25%

50%

75%

100%

[1] Reset

e30bg507.10

VLT

+24 V

D IN

COM

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

COM

A53

U - I

130BA646.10

CCW

131218322719293320

24 V or 10–30 V encoder

Application Examples Design Guide

9.5 Wiring for a Motor Thermistor

WARNING

THERMISTOR INSULATION

Risk of personal injury or equipment damage.

To meet PELV insulation requirements, use only

•

thermistors with reinforced or double insulation.

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 1-90

Motor Thermal

Protection

Parameter 1-93

Thermistor

Resource

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

If only a warning is desired, set

parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal

Protection to [1] Thermistor

warning.

[2] Thermistor

trip

[1] Analog

input 53

Illustration 9.5 Determining Encoder Direction

NOTICE

Maximum cable length 5 m (16 ft).

9 9

Table 9.9 Motor Thermistor

Wiring Conguration for the Encoder

9.6

The direction of the encoder, identied by looking into the shaft end, is determined by which order the pulses enter the drive. See Illustration 9.5.

Clockwise (CW) direction means channel A is 90

•

electrical degrees before channel B.

Counterclockwise (CCW) direction means channel

•

B is 90 electrical degrees before A.

Illustration 9.6 Wire Conguration for the Encoder

FC-TXSABXXXX1234567891011121314151617181920302221232725242628293132X

3 6 1 4 E 2 0 H 2 X X C X

How to Order a Drive VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

10 How to Order a Drive

10.1 Drive Congurator

Table 10.1 Type Code String

Product group

Model

Mains Voltage

Enclosure

Hardware conguration

RFI lter

Brake

Display (LCP)

PCB coating

Mains option

1010

Adaptation A

Adaptation B

Software release

Software language

A options

B options

1–6

7–10

11–12

13–15

16–23

16–17

24–27

29–30

31–32

Congure the correct drive for the proper application by using the internet-based drive congurator. The drive congurator is found on the global internet site: www.danfoss.com/drives. The congurator creates a type code string and an 8-digit sales number, which can be delivered to the local sales oce. It is also possible to build a project list with several products and send it to a Danfoss sales representative.

An example of a type code string is:

FC-361N132T4E20H2XXCXXXSXXXXA0BX

The meaning of the characters in the string is this chapter. In the example above, a drive is congured with the following options:

Drives are delivered automatically with English and Chinese languages.

RFI lter, Class A2.

•

3C3.

•

PROFIBUS DP-V1.

•

dened in

Table 10.2 Type Code Example for Ordering a Drive

How to Order a Drive Design Guide

10.1.1 Ordering Type Code for Enclosures J8–J9

Description Pos Possible choice

Product group 1-6 FC-361

Model 7–10 N90: 90 kW (125 hp)

N110: 110 kW (150 hp)

N132: 132 kW (200 hp)

N160: 160 kW (250 hp)

N200: 200 kW (300 hp)

N250: 250 kW (350 hp)

N315: 315 kW (450 hp)

Mains voltage 11-12 T4: 380–480 V AC

Enclosure 13-15 E20: IP20

RFI lter 16-17 H2: RFI lter, class A2

Brake 18 X: No brake IGBT

Display 19 X: No Local Control Panel

PCB coating 20 C: 3C3

Mains option 21 X: No mains option

Adaptation 22 X: Standard cable entries

Adaptation 23 X: No adaptation

Software release 24-27 SXXX: Standard software

Software language 28 X: Standard language pack

Table 10.3 Ordering Type Code for Enclosures J8–J9

1) Available for all D-frames.

10.1.2

Description Pos Possible option

A options 29–30 AX: No A option

B options 31–32 BX: No option

Ordering Options for All VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361 Enclosures

A0: VLT® PROFIBUS DP MCA 101

AL: VLT® PROFINET MCA 120

Table 10.4 Ordering Type Codes for FC 361 Options

10 10

How to Order a Drive VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

10.2 Ordering Numbers for Options and Accessories

10.2.1 Ordering Numbers for B Options: Functional Extensions

Description Ordering number

VLT® General Purpose I/O MCB 101

VLT® Encoder Input MCB 102

VLT® Resolver Input MCB 103

Table 10.5 Ordering Numbers for B Options

134B6786

132b0282

132b0283

10.2.2 Ordering Numbers for J8–J9 Kits

Type Description Ordering number

LCP

LCP 101 Numerical local control panel (NLCP). 130B1124

LCP 102 Graphical local control panel (GLCP). 130B1107

LCP cable Separate LCP cable, 3 m (9 ft). 175Z0929

LCP kit, IP21 Panel mounting kit including graphical LCP, fasteners, 3 m (9 ft) cable

and gasket.

LCP kit, IP21 Panel mounting kit including numerical LCP, fasteners and gasket. 130B1114

LCP kit, IP21 Panel mounting kit for all LCPs including fasteners, 3 m (9 ft) cable

and gasket.

130B1113

130B1117

Table 10.6 Kits Available for Enclosures J8–J9

Spare Parts

1010

10.3

Consult the VLT® Shop or the Drive Congurator (www.danfoss.com/drives) for the spare parts that are available for your application.

Appendix Design Guide

11 Appendix

11.1 Abbreviations and Symbols

60° AVM 60° asynchronous vector modulation

A Ampere/AMP

AC Alternating current

AD Air discharge

AEO Automatic energy optimization

AI Analog input

AIC Ampere interrupting current

AMA Automatic motor adaptation

AWG American wire gauge

°C

CB Circuit breaker

CD Constant discharge

CDM Complete drive module: The drive, feeding

CE European conformity (European safety standards)

CM Common mode

CT Constant torque

DC Direct current

DI Digital input

DM Dierential mode

D-TYPE Drive dependent

EMC Electromagnetic compatibility

EMF Electromotive force

ETR Electronic thermal relay

°F

JOG

MAX

MIN

M,N

FC Frequency converter (drive)

FSP Fixed-speed pump

HIPERFACE®HIPERFACE® is a registered trademark by

HO High overload

Hp Horse power

HTL HTL encoder (10–30 V) pulses - High-voltage

Hz Hertz

INV

LIM

M,N

VLT,MAX

VLT,N

kHz Kilohertz

LCP Local control panel

Lsb Least signicant bit

Degrees Celsius

section, and auxiliaries

Degrees Fahrenheit

Motor frequency when jog function is activated

Motor frequency

Maximum output frequency that the drive applies

on its output

Minimum motor frequency from the drive

Nominal motor frequency

Stegmann

transistor logic

Rated inverter output current

Current limit

Nominal motor current

Maximum output current

Rated output current supplied by the drive

m Meter

mA Milliampere

MCM Mille circular mil

MCT Motion control tool

mH Inductance in milli Henry

mm Millimeter

ms Millisecond

Msb Most signicant bit

VLT

Eciency of the drive dened as ratio between

power output and power input

nF Capacitance in nano Farad

NLCP Numerical local control panel

Nm Newton meter

NO Normal overload

On/Oine

Parameters

br,cont.

Synchronous motor speed

Changes to online parameters are activated

immediately after the data value is changed

Rated power of the brake resistor (average power

during continuous braking)

PCB Printed circuit board

PCD Process data

PDS Power drive system: CDM and a motor

PELV Protective extra low voltage

M,N

Drive nominal output power as high overload

Nominal motor power

PM motor Permanent magnet motor

Process PID Proportional integrated dierential regulator that

maintains the speed, pressure, temperature, etc

br,nom

Nominal resistor value that ensures a brake power

on the motor shaft of 150/160% for 1 minute

RCD Residual current device

Regen Regenerative terminals

min

Minimum allowed brake resistor value by the

drive

RMS Root average square

RPM Revolutions per minute

rec

Recommended brake resistor resistance of

Danfoss brake resistors

s Second

SCCR Short-circuit current rating

SFAVM Stator ux-oriented asynchronous vector

modulation

STW Status word

SMPS Switch mode power supply

THD Total harmonic distortion

LIM

Torque limit

TTL TTL encoder (5 V) pulses - transistor logic

M,N

Nominal motor voltage

UL Underwriters Laboratories (US organization for the

safety certication)

V Volts

11 11

175ZA078.10

Pull-out

RPM

Torque

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

1111

VSP Variable-speed pump

VT Variable torque

VVC

Table 11.1 Abbreviations and Symbols

Voltage vector control plus

11.2 Denitions

Brake resistor

The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the brake power generated in regenerative braking. This regenerative brake power increases the DC-link voltage and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted to the brake resistor.

Break-away torque

2 × par . 1 − 23 × 60s

ns=

Illustration 11.1 Break-away Torque Chart

Coast

The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.

CT characteristics

Constant torque characteristics used for all applications such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.

Initializing

If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation Mode), the drive returns to the default setting.

Intermittent duty cycle

An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an o-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or nonperiodic duty.

Power factor

The true power factor (lambda) takes all the harmonics into consideration and is always smaller than the power factor (cos phi) that only considers the 1st harmonics of current and voltage.

cosϕ = 

Cos phi is also known as displacement power factor.

par . 1 − 39

P kW

P kVA

Uλ xIλxcosϕ

 = 

Uλ xIλ

Both lambda and cos phi are stated for Danfoss VLT

drives in chapter 5.2 Mains Supply.

The power factor indicates to which extent the drive imposes a load on the mains. The lower the power factor, the higher the I

for the same kW performance. In

RMS

addition, a high-power factor indicates that the harmonic currents are low.

All Danfoss drives have built-in DC coils in the DC link to have a high-power factor and reduce the THD on the main supply.

Pulse input/incremental encoder

An external digital sensor used for feedback information of motor speed and direction. Encoders are used for highspeed accuracy feedback and in high dynamic applications.

Set-up

Save parameter settings in 4 set-ups. Change between the 4 parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while another set-up is active.

Slip compensation

The drive compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost constant.

Smart logic control (SLC)

The SLC is a sequence of

user-dened actions executed when the associated user-dened events are evaluated as true by the SLC. (Parameter group 13-** Smart Logic).

FC standard bus

Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Thermistor

A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is to be monitored (drive or motor).

Trip

A state entered in fault situations, such as when the drive is subject to an overtemperature or when it protects the motor, process, or mechanism. Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared and the trip state is canceled.

Trip lock

A state entered in fault situations when the drive is protecting itself and requires physical intervention. A locked trip can only be canceled by cutting o mains, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the drive. Restart is prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating reset.

VT characteristics

Variable torque characteristics for pumps and fans.

130BA060.11

68 69 68 69 68 69

RS 485

RS 232 USB

e30bh258.10

12 13 18 19 27 29 32

69 39 42 50 53 54 55

Appendix Design Guide

11.3 RS485 Installation and Set-up

RS485 is a 2-wire bus interface compatible with multi-drop network topology. Nodes can be connected as a bus, or via drop cables from a common trunk line. A total of 32 nodes can be connected to 1 network segment. Repeaters divide network segments. Note each repeater function as a node within the segment in which it is installed. Each node connected within a given network must have a unique node address, across all segments. Terminate each segment at both ends, using either the termination switch (S801) of the drives or a biased termination resistor network. Always use shielded twisted pair (STP) cable for bus cabling, and always follow good common installation practice. Low-impedance ground connection of the shield at every node is important, including at high frequencies. Thus, connect a large surface of the shield to ground, for example, with a cable clamp or a conductive cable gland. If necessary, apply potential-equalizing cables to maintain the same ground potential throughout the network, particularly in installations with long cables. To prevent impedance mismatch, always use the same type of cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a motor to the drive, always use shielded motor cable.

If more than 1 drive is connected to a master, use parallel connections.

Illustration 11.2 Parallel Connections

To avoid potential equalizing currents in the shield, ground the cable shield via terminal 61, which is connected to the frame via an RC-link.

Cable Shielded twisted pair (STP)

Impedance

Cable length Maximum 1200 m (3937 ft), including drop

Table 11.2 Motor Cable

120 Ω

lines.

Maximum 500 m (1640.5 ft) station-to-

station

One or more drives can be connected to a control (or master) using the RS485 standardized interface. Terminal 68 is connected to the P signal (TX+, RX+), while terminal 69 is connected to the N signal (TX-, RX-). See illustrations in chapter 7.14 EMC-compliant Installation.

11 11

Illustration 11.3 Control Card Terminals

The RS485 bus must be terminated by using a resistor network at both ends. For this purpose, set switch S801 on the control card to "ON". For more information, see chapter 7.2 Wiring Schematic.

Communication protocol must be set to parameter 8-30 Protocol.

(2000 mm (78.7 in))

Minimum

90° crossing

e30ba080.12

Fieldbus cable

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

11.3.1 EMC Precautions

To achieve interference-free operation of the RS485 network, the following EMC precautions are recommended.

Relevant national and local regulations regarding protective ground connection, for example, must be observed. The RS485 communication cable must be kept away from motor and brake resistor cables to avoid coupling of high-frequency noise from 1 cable to another. Normally a distance of 200 mm (8 in) is sucient. However, in situations where cables run in parallel over long distances, keeping the greatest possible distance between cables is recommended. When crossing is unavoidable, the RS485 cable must cross motor and brake resistor cables at an angle of 90°.

RS485: FC Protocol Overview

11.4

11.4.1 FC Protocol Overview

The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or standard bus, is the Danfoss standard technique according to the master/slave principle for communications via a eld bus. One master and a maximum of 126 slaves can be connected to the bus. The master selects the individual slaves via an address character in the telegram. The slave itself can never transmit without rst being requested to do so, and direct message transfer between the individual slaves is not possible. Communications occur in the halfduplex mode. The master function cannot be transferred to another node (single-master system).

The physical layer is RS485, thus utilizing the RS485 port built into the drive. The FC protocol supports telegram formats:

A short format of 8 bytes for process data.

•

A long format of 16 bytes that also includes a

•

parameter channel.

A format used for texts.

•

eldbus. It denes an access

dierent

1111

Illustration 11.4 EMC Precautions

11.4.2 Drive Set-up

Set the following parameters to enable the FC protocol for the drive.

Parameter number Setting

Parameter 8-30 Protocol FC

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–126

Parameter 8-32 FC Port

Baud Rate

Parameter 8-33 Parity /

Stop Bits

Table 11.3 FC Protocol Parameters

2400–115200

Even parity, 1 stop bit (default)

0 1 32 4 5 6 7

195NA036.10

Start bit

Even Stop Parity bit

STX LGE ADR D ATA BCC

195NA099.10

Appendix Design Guide

11.5 RS485: FC Protocol Telegram Structure

11.5.1 Content of a Character (Byte)

Each character transferred begins with a start bit. Then 8 data bits are transferred, each corresponding to a byte. Each character is secured via a parity bit. This bit is set at 1" when it reaches parity. Parity is when there is an equal number of 1 characters in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in total. A stop bit completes a character, thus consisting of 11 bits in all.

Illustration 11.5 Character (Byte)

11.5.2 Telegram Structure

Each telegram has the following structure:

Start character (STX)=02 hex.

•

A byte denoting the telegram length (LGE).

•

A byte denoting the drive address (ADR).

•

A number of data bytes (variable, depending on the type of telegram) follows.

11.5.4 Drive Address (ADR)

Two dierent address formats are used. The address range of the drive is either 1–31 or 1–126.

Address format 1–31

•

- Bit 7=0 (address format 1–31 active).

- Bit 6 is not used.

- Bit 5=1: Broadcast, address bits (0–4) are

not used.

- Bit 5=0: No broadcast.

- Bit 0–4=drive address 1–31.

Address format 1–126

•

- Bit 7=1 (address format 1–126 active).

- Bit 0–6=drive address 1–126.

- Bit 0–6=0 broadcast.

The slave returns the address byte unchanged to the master in the response telegram.

11.5.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)

The checksum is calculated as an XOR-function. Before the 1st byte in the telegram is received, the calculated checksum is 0.

A data control byte (BCC) completes the telegram.

Illustration 11.6 Telegram Structure

11.5.3 Telegram Length (LGE)

The telegram length is the number of data bytes plus the address byte ADR and the data control byte BCC.

The length of telegrams with 4 data bytes is

•

LGE=4+1+1=6 bytes.

The length of telegrams with 12 data bytes is

•

LGE=12+1+1=14 bytes.

The length of telegrams containing texts is 101)+n

•

bytes.

1) The 10 represents the xed characters, while the n is variable (depending on the length of the text).

11 11

ADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCC

130BA269.10

PKE INDADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCC

130BA271.10

PWE

high

PWE

low

PKE IND

130BA270.10

ADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 B CCCh1 Ch2 Chn

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

11.5.6 Data Field

The structure of data blocks depends on the type of telegram. There are 3 types, and the type applies to both control telegrams (master⇒slave) and response telegrams (slave⇒master).

The 3 types of telegram are:

Process block (PCD)

The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words) and contains:

Control word and reference value (from master-to-slave).

•

Status word and present output frequency (from slave-to-master).

•

Illustration 11.7 PCD

Parameter block

The parameter block is used to transfer parameters between master and slave. The data block is made up of 12 bytes (6 words) and also contains the process block.

Illustration 11.8 Parameter Block

1111

Text block

The text block is used to read or write texts via the data block.

Illustration 11.9 Text Block

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

130BA268.11

PKE IND

PWE

high

PWE

low

AK PNU

Parameter

commands

and replies

Parameter

number

Appendix Design Guide

11.5.7 PKE Field

The PKE eld contains 2 sub-elds:

Parameter command and response AK.

•

Parameter number PNU.

•

Illustration 11.10 PKE Field

Bits number 12–15 transfer parameter commands from master-to-slave and return processed slave responses to the master.

If the command cannot be performed, the slave sends this response:

0111 Command cannot be performed

- and issues the following fault report in the parameter value (PWE):

PWE low

(hex)

0 The parameter number used does not exist.

1 There is no write access to the dened parameter.

2 Data value exceeds the parameter limits.

3 The sub-index used does not exist.

4 The parameter is not the array type.

5 The data type does not match the dened

11 Data change in the dened parameter is not

82 There is no bus access to the dened parameter.

83 Data change is not possible because factory set-up

Table 11.6 Fault Report

Fault report

parameter.

possible in the present mode of the drive. Certain

parameters can only be changed when the motor

is turned o.

is selected.

11.5.8 Parameter Number (PNU)

Bit number Parameter command

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No command.

0 0 0 1 Read parameter value.

0 0 1 0 Write parameter value in RAM (word).

0 0 1 1 Write parameter value in RAM (double

word).

1 1 0 1 Write parameter value in RAM and

EEPROM (double word).

1 1 1 0 Write parameter value in RAM and

EEPROM (word).

1 1 1 1 Read/write text.

Table 11.4 Parameter Commands Master⇒Slave

Bit number Response

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No response.

0 0 0 1 Parameter value transferred (word).

0 0 1 0 Parameter value transferred (double

word).

0 1 1 1 Command cannot be performed.

1 1 1 1 Text transferred.

Table 11.5 Response Slave⇒Master

Bits number 0–11 transfer parameter numbers. The function of the relevant parameter is dened in the parameter description in the programming guide.

11 11

11.5.9 Index (IND)

The index is used together with the parameter number to read/write-access parameters with an index, for example, parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code. The index consists of a low byte and a high byte.

Only the low byte is used as an index.

11.5.10 Parameter Value (PWE)

The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), and the value depends on the dened command (AK). The master prompts for a parameter value when the PWE block contains no value. To change a parameter value (write), write the new value in the PWE block and send from the master to the slave.

When a slave responds to a parameter request (read command), the present parameter value in the PWE block is transferred and returned to the master. If a parameter contains not a numerical value but several data options, for example, parameter 0-01 Language [0] English, and [4] Danish, select the data value by entering the value in the

PWE

high

PWE

low

Read text

Write text

130BA275.10

PKE IND

Fx xx 04 00

Fx xx 05 00

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

PWE block. Serial communication is only capable of

11.5.12 Conversion

reading parameters containing data type 9 (text string).

The various attributes of each parameter are shown in the

Parameter 15-40 FC Type to parameter 15-53 Power Card Serial Number contain data type 9.

For example, read the unit size and mains voltage range in

section factory settings. Parameter values are transferred as whole numbers only. Conversion factors are therefore used to transfer decimals.

parameter 15-40 FC Type. When a text string is transferred (read), the length of the telegram is variable, and the texts are of dierent lengths. The telegram length is dened in the 2nd byte of the telegram, LGE. When using text transfer, the index character indicates whether it is a read or a write command.

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] has a conversion factor of 0.1. To preset the minimum frequency to 10 Hz, transfer the value 100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value 100 is thus perceived as 10.0.

To read a text via the PWE block, set the parameter command (AK) to F hex. The index character high-byte must be 4.

Examples: 0 s⇒conversion index 0

0.00 s⇒conversion index -2

Some parameters contain text that can be written via the eldbus. To write a text via the PWE block, set the

0 M/S⇒conversion index -3

0.00 M/S⇒conversion index -5

parameter command (AK) to F hex. The index characters high-byte must be 5.

Illustration 11.11 PWE

1111

11.5.11 Data Types Supported

Unsigned means that there is no operational sign in the telegram.

Data types Description

3 Integer 16

4 Integer 32

5 Unsigned 8

6 Unsigned 16

7 Unsigned 32

9 Text string

10 Byte string

13 Time dierence

33 Reserved

35 Bit sequence

Table 11.7 Data Types Supported

Conversion index Conversion factor

100

6 1000000

5 100000

4 10000

3 1000

2 100

1 10

0 1

-1 0.1

-2 0.01

-3 0.001

-4 0.0001

-5 0.00001

-6 0.000001

-7 0.0000001

Table 11.8 Conversion Table

11.5.13 Process Words (PCD)

The block of process words is divided into 2 blocks of 16 bits, which always occur in the dened sequence.

PCD 1 PCD 2

Control telegram (master⇒slave control word)

Control telegram (slave⇒master) status word

Reference-value

Present output

frequency

Table 11.9 PCD Sequence

E19E H

PKE IND PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

130BA092.10

119E H

PKE

IND

PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

130BA093.10

1155 H

PKE IND PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 0000 H

130BA094.10

130BA267.10

1155 H

PKE

IND

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

PWE

high

PWE

low

Appendix Design Guide

11.6 RS485: FC Protocol Parameter Examples

11.6.1 Writing a Parameter Value

Change parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] to 100 Hz. Write the data in EEPROM.

PKE=E19E hex - Write single word in parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]. IND=0000 hex PWE

=0000 hex

high

PWE

=03E8 hex - Data value 1000, corresponding to 100

low

Hz, see chapter 11.5.12 Conversion.

Illustration 11.12 Telegram

NOTICE

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is a single

word, and the parameter command for write in EEPROM is E. Parameter number parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is 19E in hexadecimal.

Illustration 11.15 Response from Slave-to-Master

3E8 hex corresponds to 1000 decimal. The conversion index for parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is -2.

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is of the type Unsigned 32.

11.7 RS485: Modbus RTU Overview

11.7.1 Assumptions

Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the interfaces in this manual, and strictly observes all requirements and limitations stipulated in the controller and drive.

11.7.2 Prerequisite Knowledge

The Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is designed to communicate with any controller that supports the interfaces dened in this manual. It is assumed that the reader has full knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the controller.

11.7.3 Modbus RTU Overview

Illustration 11.13 Response from Master-to-Slave

11.6.2 Reading a Parameter Value

Read the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time.

PKE=1155 Hex - Read parameter value in

parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time

IND=0000 hex PWE

=0000 hex

high

PWE

=0000 hex

low

Illustration 11.14 Parameter Value

If the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is 10 s, the response from the slave to the master is:

Regardless of the type of physical communication networks, the Modbus RTU Overview describes the process a controller uses to request access to another device. This process includes how the Modbus RTU responds to requests from another device, and how errors are detected and reported. It also establishes a common format for the layout and contents of message elds.

During communications over a Modbus RTU network, the protocol determines:

How each controller learns its device address.

•

Recognizes a message addressed to it.

•

Determines which actions to take.

•

Extracts any data or other information contained

•

in the message.

If a reply is required, the controller constructs the reply message and sends it. Controllers communicate using a master-slave technique in which only 1 device (the master) can initiate transactions (called queries). The other devices (slaves) respond by supplying the requested data to the master, or by responding to the query. The master can address individual slaves or can initiate a broadcast message to all slaves. Slaves return a message, called a response, to queries that are addressed to them

11 11

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

individually. No responses are returned to broadcast queries from the master. The Modbus RTU protocol establishes the format for the master query by placing into it the device (or broadcast) address, a function code dening the requested action, any data to send, and an error-checking eld. The slave response message is also constructed using Modbus protocol. It contains elds conrming the action taken, any data to return, and an error-checking eld. If an error occurs in receipt of the message, or if the slave is unable to perform the requested action, the slave constructs an error message, which it sends in response, or a timeout occurs.

11.7.4 Drive with Modbus RTU

The drive communicates in Modbus RTU format over the built-in RS485 interface. Modbus RTU provides access to the control word and bus reference of the drive.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the drive:

Start.

•

Stop of the drive in various ways:

•

Coast stop. Quick stop. DC brake stop. Normal (ramp) stop.

Reset after a fault trip.

•

Run at various preset speeds.

1111

•

Run in reverse.

•

Change the active set-up.

•

Control the built-in relay of the drive.

•

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and, where possible, write values to them, allowing a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the drive when its internal PI controller is used.

11.7.5 Drive with Modbus RTU

To enable Modbus RTU on the drive, set the following parameters:

Parameter Setting

Parameter 8-30 Protocol Modbus RTU

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–247

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity /

Stop Bits

Even parity, 1 stop bit (default)

11.7.6 Drive with Modbus RTU

The controllers are set up to communicate on the Modbus network using RTU mode, with each byte in a message containing 2 4-bit hexadecimal characters. The format for each byte is shown in Table 11.10.

Start

bit

Table 11.10 Example Format

Coding system 8-bit binary, hexadecimal 0–9, A–F. 2

Bits per byte 1 start bit.

Error check eld CRC (cyclical redundancy check)

Table 11.11 Bit Detail

RS485: Modbus RTU Telegram

11.8

Data byte Stop/

parity

hexadecimal characters contained in each 8-

bit eld of the message.

8 data bits, least signicant bit sent rst.

1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit for no

parity.

1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 bits if no

parity.

Stop

Structure

11.8.1 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

The transmitting device places a Modbus RTU message into a frame with a known beginning and ending point. Receiving devices are able to begin at the start of the message, read the address portion, determine which device is addressed (or all devices, if the message is broadcast), and to recognize when the message is completed. Partial messages are detected and errors set as a result. Characters for transmission must be in hexadecimal 00–FF format in each eld. The drive continuously monitors the network bus, also during silent intervals. When the 1st eld (the address eld) is received, each drive or device decodes it to determine which device is being addressed. Modbus RTU messages addressed to 0 are broadcast messages. No response is allowed for broadcast messages. A typical message frame is shown in Table 11.12.

Start Address Function Data CRC

check

T1-T2-T3-T48 bits 8 bits N x 8 bits 16 bits T1-T2-T3-

Table 11.12 Typical Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

End

Appendix Design Guide

11.8.2 Start/Stop Field

Messages start with a silent period of at least 3.5 character intervals, implemented as a multiple of character intervals at the selected network baud rate (shown as start T1-T2T3-T4). The 1st transmitted eld is the device address. Following the last transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5 character intervals marks the end of the message. A new message can begin after this period. The entire message frame must be transmitted as a continuous stream. If a silent period of more than 1.5 character intervals occurs before completion of the frame, the receiving device ushes the incomplete message and assumes that the next byte is the address eld of a new message. Similarly, if a new message begins before 3.5 character intervals after a previous message, the receiving device considers it a continuation of the previous message, causing a timeout (no response from the slave), since the value in the nal CRC (cyclical redundancy check) eld is not valid for the combined messages.

11.8.3 Address Field

The address eld of a message frame contains 8 bits. Valid slave device addresses are in the range of 0–247 decimal. The individual slave devices are assigned addresses in the range of 1–247 (0 is reserved for broadcast mode, which all slaves recognize). A master addresses a slave by placing the slave address in the address eld of the message. When the slave sends its response, it places its own address in this address eld to let the master know which slave is responding.

11.8.4 Function Field

The function eld of a message frame contains 8 bits. Valid codes are in the range of 1–FF. Function elds are used to send messages between master and slave. When a message is sent from a master to a slave device, the function code eld tells the slave what action to perform. When the slave responds to the master, it uses the function code eld to indicate either a normal (error-free) response, or that an error has occurred (called an exception response). For a normal response, the slave simply echoes the original function code. For an exception response, the slave returns a code that is equivalent to the original function code with its most signicant bit set to logic 1. In addition, the slave places a unique code into the data eld of the response message. This code tells the master what error occurred, or the reason for the exception. See chapter 11.9.1 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU.

11.8.5 Data Field

The data eld is constructed using sets of 2 hexadecimal digits, in the range of 00–FF hexadecimal. These sequences are made up of 1 RTU character. The data eld of messages sent from a master-to-slave device contains more information, which the slave must use to do what is dened by the function code. This information can include items such as coil or register addresses, the quantity of items, and the count of actual data bytes in the eld.

11.8.6 CRC Check Field

Messages include an error-checking eld, operating based on a CRC (cyclical redundancy check) method. The CRC eld checks the contents of the entire message. It is applied regardless of any parity check method used for the individual characters of the message. The transmitting device calculates the CRC value then appends the CRC as the last eld in the message. The receiving device recalculates a CRC during receipt of the message and compares the calculated value to the actual value received in the CRC results. The error-checking eld contains a 16-bit binary value implemented as 2 8-bit bytes. After error-checking, the low-order byte of the eld is appended rst, followed by the high-order byte. The CRC high-order byte is the last byte sent in the message.

eld. If the 2 values are unequal, a bus timeout

11.8.7 Coil Register Addressing

In Modbus, all data are organized in coils and holding registers. Coils hold a single bit, whereas holding registers hold a 2 byte word (16 bits). All data addresses in Modbus messages are referenced to 0. The 1st occurrence of a data item is addressed as item number 0. For example: The coil known as coil 1 in a programmable controller is addressed as coil 0000 in the data address eld of a Modbus message. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil 007Ehex (126 decimal). Holding register 40001 is addressed as register 0000 in the data address eld of the message. The function code eld already species a holding register operation. Therefore, the 4XXXX reference is implicit. Holding register 40108 is addressed as register 006Bhex (107 decimal).

11 11

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Coil number Description Signal direction

1–16 Drive control word (see Table 11.14). Master-to-slave

17–32 Drive speed or setpoint reference range 0x0–0xFFFF (-200% ... ~200%). Master-to-slave

33–48 Drive status word (see Table 11.14). Master-to-slave

49–64 Open-loop mode: Drive output frequency.

Closed-loop mode: Drive feedback signal.

65 Parameter write control (master-to-slave).

0 = Parameter changes are written to the RAM of the drive.

1 = Parameter changes are written to the RAM and EEPROM of the drive.

66–65536 Reserved.

Table 11.13 Coils and Holding Registers

Coil 0 1

01 Preset reference LSB

02 Preset reference MSB

03 DC brake No DC brake

04 Coast stop No coast stop

05 Quick stop No quick stop

06 Freeze frequency No freeze frequency

07 Ramp stop Start

08 No reset Reset

09 No jog Jog

10 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

11 Data not valid Data valid

12 Relay 1 o Relay 1 on

13 Relay 2 o Relay 2 on

14 Set up LSB

15 Set up MSB

16 No reversing Reversing

1111

Table 11.14 Drive Control Word (FC Prole)

number

00001–00006 Reserved.

00007 Last fault code from an FC data object interface.

00008 Reserved.

00009

00010–00990 000 parameter group (parameters 001–099).

01000–01990 100 parameter group (parameters 100–199).

02000–02990 200 parameter group (parameters 200–299).

03000–03990 300 parameter group (parameters 300–399).

04000–04990 400 parameter group (parameters 400–499).

... ...

49000–49990 4900 parameter group (parameters 4900–4999).

50000 Input data: Drive control word register (CTW).

50010 Input data: Bus reference register (REF).

... ...

50200 Output data: Drive status word register (STW).

50210 Output data: Drive main actual value register (MAV).

Description

Parameter index1).

Coil 0 1

33 Control not ready Control ready

34 Drive not ready Drive ready

35 Coasting stop Safety closed

36 No alarm Alarm

37 Not used Not used

38 Not used Not used

39 Not used Not used

40 No warning Warning

41 Not at reference At reference

42 Hand mode Auto mode

43 Out of frequency range In frequency range

44 Stopped Running

45 Not used Not used

46 No voltage warning Voltage warning

47 Not in current limit Current limit

48 No thermal warning Thermal warning

Table 11.15 Drive Status Word (FC Prole)

Slave-to-master

Master-to-slave

Table 11.16 Holding Registers

1) Used to specify the index number used when accessing an indexed parameter.

Appendix Design Guide

11.9 RS485: Modbus RTU Message Function Codes

11.9.1 Function Codes Supported by

Modbus RTU

Modbus RTU supports use of the function codes in Table 11.17 in the function eld of a message.

Function Function code

Read coils 1 hex

Read holding registers 3 hex

Write single coil 5 hex

Write single register 6 hex

Write multiple coils F hex

Write multiple registers 10 hex

Get comm. event counter B hex

Report slave ID 11 hex

Table 11.17 Function Codes

Function Function

code

Diagnostics 8 1 Restart communication.

Table 11.18 Function Codes

Sub-

function

code

2 Return diagnostic register.

10 Clear counters and

11 Return bus message count.

12 Return bus communication

13 Return bus exception error

14 Return slave message

Sub-function

diagnostic register.

error count.

count.

11.9.2 Modbus Exception Codes

For a full explanation of the structure of an exception code response, refer to chapter 11.8 RS485: Modbus RTU Telegram Structure.

Code Name Meaning

1 Illegal

function

2 Illegal data

address

3 Illegal data

value

4 Slave device

failure

The function code received in the query is

not an allowable action for the server (or

slave). This code can be because the

function code is only applicable to newer

devices and was not implemented in the

unit selected. It could also indicate that

the server (or slave) is in the wrong state

to process a request of this type, for

example because it is not congured and

is being asked to return register values.

The data address received in the query is

not an allowable address for the server

(or slave). More specically, the

combination of reference number and

transfer length is invalid. For a controller

with 100 registers, a request with oset

96 and length 4 would succeed, a request

with oset 96 and length 5 generates

exception 02.

A value contained in the query data eld

is not an allowable value for server (or

slave). This code indicates a fault in the

structure of the remainder of a complex

request, such as that the implied length is

incorrect. It specically does NOT mean

that a data item submitted for storage in

a register has a value outside the

expectation of the application program,

since the Modbus protocol is unaware of

the signicance of any particular value of

any particular register.

An unrecoverable error occurred while the

server (or slave) was attempting to

perform the requested action.

11 11

Table 11.19 Modbus Exception Codes

Speed ref.CTW

Master-follower

130BA274.11

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit no.:

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

11.10 RS485: Modbus RTU Parameters

11.10.1 Parameter Handling

11.11

11.11.1 Control Word According to FC

RS485: FC Control Prole

Prole

The PNU (parameter number) is translated from the register address contained in the Modbus read or write message. The parameter number is translated to Modbus as (10xparameter number) DECIMAL.

11.10.2 Storage of Data

The coil 65 decimal determines whether data written to the drive is stored in EEPROM and RAM (coil 65=1) or only in RAM (coil 65=0).

11.10.3 IND

The array index is set in holding register 9 and used when accessing array parameters.

11.10.4 Text Blocks

Parameters stored as text strings are accessed in the same way as the other parameters. The maximum text block size is 20 characters. If a read request for a parameter is for more characters than the parameter stores, the response is truncated. If the read request for a parameter is for fewer characters than the parameter stores, the response is space

lled.

1111

11.10.5 Conversion Factor

Illustration 11.16 CW Master-to-Slave

Bit Bit value = 0 Bit value = 1

00 Reference value External selection lsb

01 Reference value External selection msb

02 DC brake Ramp

03 Coasting No coasting

04 Quick stop Ramp

05 Hold output frequency Use ramp

06 Ramp stop Start

07 No function Reset

08 No function Jog

09 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

10 Data invalid Data valid

11 No function Relay 01 active

12 No function Relay 02 active

13 Parameter set-up Selection lsb

14 Parameter set-up Selection msb

15 No function Reverse

Since a parameter value can only be transferred as a whole number, a conversion factor must be used to transfer decimals. See chapter 11.6 RS485: FC Protocol Parameter Examples.

11.10.6 Parameter Values

Standard data types

Standard data types are int16, int32, uint8, uint16, and uint32. They are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex read holding registers. Parameters are written using the function 6 hex preset single register for 1 register (16 bits), and the function 10 hex preset multiple registers for 2 registers (32 bits). Readable sizes range from 1 register (16 bits) up to 10 registers (20 characters).

Non-standard data types

Non-standard data types are text strings and are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex Read holding registers and written using function 10 hex Preset multiple registers. Readable sizes range from 1 register (2 characters) up to 10 registers (20 characters).

Explanation of the control bits Bits 00/01

Bits 00 and 01 are used to select between the 4 reference values, which are pre-programmed in parameter 3-10 Preset Reference according to Table 11.20.

Programmed

reference value

1 [0]

2 [1]

3 [2]

4 [3]

Table 11.20 Control Bits

Parameter Bit 01 Bit 00

0 0

parameter 3-10

Preset Reference

0 1

parameter 3-10

Preset Reference

1 0

parameter 3-10

Preset Reference

1 1

parameter 3-10

Preset Reference

Appendix Design Guide

NOTICE

Make a selection in parameter 8-56 Preset Reference Select to dene how bit 00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.

Bit 02, DC brake

Bit 02=0 leads to DC braking and stop. Set braking current and duration in parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current and parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time. Bit 02=1 leads to ramping.

Bit 03, Coasting

Bit 03=0: The drive immediately shuts o the output transistors and the motor coasts to a standstill. Bit 03=1: The drive starts the motor if the other starting conditions are met.

Make a selection in parameter 8-50 Coasting Select to dene how bit 03 gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 04, Quick stop

Bit 04=0: Makes the motor speed ramp down to stop (set in parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time).

Bit 05, Hold output frequency

Bit 05=0: The present output frequency (in Hz) freezes. Change the frozen output frequency only with the digital inputs found in parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input – parameter 5-15 Terminal 33 Digital Input.

NOTICE

If freeze output is active, only the following conditions can stop the drive:

Bit 03 Coasting stop.

•

Bit 02 DC braking.

•

Digital input (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital

•

Input – parameter 5-15 Terminal 33 Digital Input) programmed to DC braking, Coasting stop, or Reset and Coasting stop.

Bit 06, Ramp stop/start

Bit 06=0: Causes a stop and makes the motor speed ramp down to stop via the selected ramp down parameter. Bit 06=1: Allows the drive to start the motor if the other starting conditions are met.

Make a selection in parameter 8-53 Start Select to dene how bit 06 Ramp stop/start gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 07, Reset

Bit 07=0: No reset. Bit 07=1: Resets a trip. Reset is activated on the leading edge of the signal, that is, when changing from logic 0 to logic 1.

Bit 08, Jog

Bit 08=1: The output frequency depends on parameter 3-19 Jog Speed [RPM].

Bit 09, Selection of ramp 1/2

Bit 09=0: Ramp 1 is active (parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time – parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time). Bit 09=1: Ramp 2 (parameter 3-51 Ramp 2 Ramp Up Time – parameter 3-52 Ramp 2 Ramp Down Time) is active.

Bit 10, Data not valid/Data valid

Tell the drive whether to use or ignore the control word. Bit 10=0: The control word is ignored. Bit 10=1: The control word is used. This function is relevant because the telegram always contains the control word regardless of the telegram type. Thus, it is possible to turn o the control word if not in use when updating or reading parameters.

Bit 11, Relay 01

Bit 11=0: Relay not activated. Bit 11=1: Relay 01 activated if [36] Control word bit 11 is selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

Bit 12, Relay 04

Bit 12=0: Relay 04 is not activated. Bit 12=1: Relay 04 is activated if [37] Control word bit 12 is selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

Bit 13/14, Selection of set-up

Use bits 13 and 14 to select from the 4 menu set-ups according to Table 11.21.

Set-up Bit 14 Bit 13

1 0 0

2 0 1

3 1 0

4 1 1

Table 11.21 Selection of Set-Up

The function is only possible when [9] Multi Set-ups is selected in parameter 0-10 Active Set-up.

Make a selection in parameter 8-55 Set-up Select to dene how bit 13/14 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.

Bit 15 Reverse

Bit 15=0: No reversing. Bit 15=1: Reversing. In the default setting, reversing is set to [0] Digital input in parameter 8-54 Reversing Select. Bit 15 causes reversing only when the following is selected:

Serial communication.

•

Logic or.

•

Logic and.

•

11 11

Output frequencySTW

Bit

Slave-master

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

130BA273.12

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

1111

11.11.2 Status Word According to FC Prole

Illustration 11.17 STW Slave-to-Master

Bit Bit=0 Bit=1

00 Control not ready Control ready

01 Drive not ready Drive ready

02 Coasting Enable

03 No error Trip

04 No error Error (no trip)

05 Reserved –

06 No error Triplock

07 No warning Warning

Speed≠reference

09 Local operation Bus control

10 Out of frequency limit Frequency limit OK

11 No operation In operation

12 Drive OK Stopped, auto start

13 Voltage OK Voltage exceeded

14 Torque OK Torque exceeded

15 Timer OK Timer exceeded

Bit 00, Control not ready/ready

Bit 00=0: The drive trips. Bit 00=1: The drive controls are ready, but the power component does not necessarily receive any supply in the case of a 24 V external supply to the controls.

Bit 01, Drive ready

Bit 01=1: The drive is ready for operation but the coasting command is active via the digital inputs or via serial communication.

Bit 02, Coasting stop

Bit 02=0: The drive releases the motor. Bit 02=1: The drive starts the motor with a start command.

Bit 03, No error/trip

Bit 03=0: The drive is not in fault mode. Bit 03=1: The drive trips. To re-establish operation, press [Reset].

Bit 04, No error/error (no trip)

Bit 04=0: The drive is not in fault mode. Bit 04=1: The drive shows an error but does not trip.

Bit 05, Not used

Bit 05 is not used in the status word.

Bit 06, No error/triplock

Bit 06=0: The drive is not in fault mode. Bit 06=1: The drive is tripped and locked.

Speed=reference

Bit 07, No warning/warning

Bit 07=0: There are no warnings. Bit 07=1: A warning has occurred.

Bit 08, Speed≠ reference/speed=reference

Bit 08=0: The motor is running, but the present speed is dierent from the preset speed reference. For example, when the speed ramps up/down during start/stop. Bit 08=1: The motor speed matches the preset speed reference.

Bit 09, Local operation/bus control

Bit 09=0: [Stop/reset] is activated on the control unit or [2] Local in parameter 3-13 Reference Site is selected. The drive

cannot be controlled via serial communication. Bit 09=1 It is possible to control the drive via the eldbus/ serial communication.

Bit 10, Out of frequency limit

Bit 10=0: The output frequency has reached the value in

parameter 4-11 Motor Speed Low Limit [RPM] or parameter 4-13 Motor Speed High Limit [RPM].

Bit 10=1: The output frequency is within the dened limits.

Bit 11, No operation/in operation

Bit 11=0: The motor is not running. Bit 11=1: The drive has a start signal or the output frequency is greater than 0 Hz.

Bit 12, Drive OK/stopped, autostart

Bit 12=0: There is no temporary overtemperature on the inverter. Bit 12=1: The inverter stops because of overtemperature but the unit does not trip and resumes operation once the overtemperature stops.

Bit 13, Voltage OK/limit exceeded

Bit 13=0: There are no voltage warnings. Bit 13=1: The DC voltage in the DC link is too low or too high.

Bit 14, Torque OK/limit exceeded

Bit 14=0: The motor current is lower than the torque limit selected in parameter 4-18 Current Limit. Bit 14=1: The torque limit in parameter 4-18 Current Limit is exceeded.

Bit 15, Timer OK/limit exceeded

Bit 15=0: The timers for motor thermal protection and thermal protection are not exceeded 100%. Bit 15=1: One of the timers exceeds 100%.

If the connection between the InterBus option and the drive is lost, or an internal communication problem has occurred, all bits in the STW are set to 0.

Actual output frequency

STW

Follower-slave

Speed referenceCTW

Master-slave

16bit

130BA276.11

Reverse Forward

Par.3-00 set to

(1) -max- +max

Max reference Max reference

Par.3-00 set to

(0) min-max

Max reference

Forward

Min reference

100%

(4000hex)

-100%

(C000hex)

(0hex)

Par.3-03 0 Par.3-03

Par.3-03

(4000hex)(0hex)

0% 100%

Par.3-02

130BA277.10

Appendix Design Guide

11.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value

Speed reference value is transmitted to the drive in a relative value in %. The value is transmitted in the form of a 16-bit word; in integers (0–32767) the value 16384 (4000 hex) corresponds to 100%. Negative gures are formatted with 2’s complement. The actual output frequency (MAV) is scaled in the same way as the bus reference.

Illustration 11.18 Bus Speed Reference Value

The reference and MAV are scaled as shown in Illustration 11.19.

Illustration 11.19 Reference and MAV

11 11

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

11.11.4 Control Word According to

PROFIdrive Prole (CTW)

The control word is used to send commands from a master to a slave.

Bit Bit=0 Bit=1

00 OFF 1 ON 1

01 OFF 2 ON 2

02 OFF 3 ON 3

03 Coasting No coasting

04 Quick stop Ramp

05 Hold frequency output Use ramp

06 Ramp stop Start

07 No function Reset

08 Jog 1 OFF Jog 1 ON

09 Jog 2 OFF Jog 2 ON

10 Data invalid Data valid

11 No function Slow down

12 No function Catch up

13 Parameter set-up Selection lsb

14 Parameter set-up Selection msb

15 No function Reverse

Table 11.22 Bit Values for Control Word, PROFIdrive Prole

Explanation of the control bits

Bit 00, OFF 1/ON 1

1111

Normal ramp stops using the ramp times of the actual selected ramp. Bit 00=0 leads to the stop and activation of the output relay 1 or 2 if the output frequency is 0 Hz and if [31] Relay 123 has been selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay. When bit 00=1, the drive is in State 1: Switching on inhibited.

Bit 01, OFF 2/ON 2

Coasting stop When bit 01=0, a coasting stop and activation of the output relay 1 or 2 occurs if the output frequency is 0 Hz and if [31] Relay 123 has been selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay. When bit 01=1, the drive is in State 1: on inhibited. Refer to Table 11.23 at the end of this section.

Bit 02, OFF 3/ON 3

Quick stop using the ramp time of parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time.

When bit 02=0, a quick stop and activation of the output relay 1 or 2 occurs if the output frequency is 0 Hz and if

[31] Relay 123 has been selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

When bit 02=1, the drive is in State 1: Switching on inhibited.

Bit 03, Coasting/No coasting

Coasting stop bit 03=0 leads to a stop.

When bit 03=1, the drive can start if the other start conditions are satised.

NOTICE

The selection in parameter 8-50 Coasting Select determines how bit 03 is linked with the corresponding function of the digital inputs.

Bit 04, Quick stop/Ramp

Quick stop using the ramp time of parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time.

When bit 04=0, a quick stop occurs. When bit 04=1, the drive can start if the other start conditions are satised.

NOTICE

The selection in parameter 8-51 Quick Stop Select determines how bit 04 is linked with the corresponding function of the digital inputs.

Bit 05, Hold frequency output/Use ramp

When bit 05=0, the current output frequency is being maintained even if the reference value is When bit 05=1, the drive can perform its regulating function again; operation occurs according to the respective reference value.

Bit 06, Ramp stop/Start

Normal ramp stop using the ramp times of the actual ramp as selected. In addition, activation of the output relay 01 or 04 if the output frequency is 0 Hz if [31] Relay 123 has been selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay. Bit 06=0 leads to a stop. When bit 06=1, the drive can start if the other start conditions are fullled.

modied.

NOTICE

The selection in parameter 8-53 Start Select determines how bit 06 is linked with the corresponding function of the digital inputs.

Bit 07, No function/Reset

Reset after switching o. Acknowledges event in fault buer. When bit 07=0, no reset occurs. When there is a slope change of bit 07 to 1, a reset occurs after switching o.

Bit 08, Jog 1 OFF/ON

Activates the pre-programmed speed in parameter 8-90 Bus Jog 1 Speed. JOG 1 is only possible if bit 04=0 and bit 00–

03=1.

Bit 09, Jog 2 OFF/ON

Activates the pre-programmed speed in parameter 8-91 Bus Jog 2 Speed. JOG 2 is only possible if bit 04=0 and bit 00–

03=1.

Bit 10, Data invalid/valid

Tells the drive whether the control word should be used or ignored.

Appendix Design Guide

Bit 10=0 causes the control word to be ignored. Bit 10=1 causes the control word to be used. This function is relevant because the control word is always contained in the telegram, regardless of which type of telegram is used. For example, it is possible to turn o the control word if it is not intended to be used with updating or reading parameters.

Bit 11, No function/slow down

Reduces the speed reference value by the amount given in parameter 3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value. When bit 11=0, no modication of the reference value occurs. When bit 11=1, the reference value is reduced.

Bit 12, No function/catch up

Increases the speed reference value by the amount given in parameter 3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value. When bit 12=0, no modication of the reference value occurs. When bit 12=1, the reference value is increased. If both slowing down and accelerating are activated (bits 11 and 12=1), slowing down has priority, for example the speed reference value is reduced.

Bits 13/14, Set-up selection

Selects between the 4 parameter set-ups according to Table 11.23.

The function is only possible if [9] Multi Set-up has been selected in parameter 0-10 Active Set-up. The selection in parameter 8-55 Set-up Select determines how bits 13 and 14 are linked with the corresponding function of the digital inputs. Changing set-up while running is only possible if the set-ups have been linked in parameter 0-12 This Set-up Linked to.

Set-up Bit 13 Bit 14

1 0 0

2 1 0

3 0 1

4 1 1

Table 11.23 Bits 13/14 Set-up Options

Bit 15, No function/Reverse

Bit 15=0 causes no reversing. Bit 15=1 causes reversing. Note: In the factory setting, reversing is set to [0] Digital input in parameter 8-54 Reversing Select.

NOTICE

Bit 15 causes reversing only when the following is selected:

Serial communication.

•

Logic or.

•

Logic and.

•

11.11.5 Status Word According to PROFIdrive Prole (STW)

The status word noties a master about the status of a slave.

Bit Bit=0 Bit=1

00 Control not ready Control ready

01 Drive not ready Drive ready

02 Coasting Enable

03 No error Trip

04 OFF 2 ON 2

05 OFF 3 ON 3

06 Start possible Start not possible

07 No warning Warning

09 Local operation Bus control

10 Out of frequency limit Frequency limit ok

11 No operation In operation

12 Drive OK Stopped, auto start

13 Voltage OK Voltage exceeded

14 Torque OK Torque exceeded

15 Timer OK Timer exceeded

Table 11.24 Bit Values for Status Word, PROFIdrive Prole

Explanation of the status bits

Bit 00, Control not ready/ready

When bit 00=0, bit 00, 01 or 02 of the control word is 0 (OFF 1, OFF 2 or OFF 3) - or the drive is switched When bit 00=1, the drive control is ready, but supply to the unit is not necessarily present (in the event of 24 V external supply to the control system).

Bit 01, VLT not ready/ready

Same signicance as bit 00, however, there is a supply of the power unit. The drive is ready when it receives the necessary start signals.

Bit 02, Coasting/enable

When bit 02=0, bit 00, 01, or 02 of the control word is 0 (OFF 1, OFF 2 or OFF 3 or coasting) - or the drive is switched o (trip). When bit 02=1, bit 00, 01, or 02 of the control word is 1; the drive has not tripped.

Bit 03, No error/trip

When bit 03=0, no error condition of the drive exists. When bit 03=1, the drive has tripped and requires a reset signal before it can start.

Bit 04, ON 2/OFF 2

When bit 01 of the control word is 0, then bit 04=0. When bit 01 of the control word is 1, then bit 04=1.

Bit 05, ON 3/OFF 3

When bit 02 of the control word is 0, then bit 05=0. When bit 02 of the control word is 1, then bit 05=1.

Speed ≠ reference

Speed = reference

o (trip).

11 11

Appendix VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Bit 06, Start possible/start not possible

If [1] PROFIdrive prole is selected in parameter 8-10 Control Word Prole, bit 06 is 1 after a switch-o acknowl-

edgement, after activation of OFF2 or OFF3, and after switching on the mains voltage. Start not possible is reset with bit 00 of the control word being set to 0 and bit 01, 02, and 10 being set to 1.

Bit 07, No warning/Warning

Bit 07=0 means that there are no warnings. Bit 07=1 means that a warning has occurred.

Bit 08, Speed ≠ reference/speed = reference

When bit 08=0, the current speed of the motor deviates from the set speed reference value. This scenario can occur, for example, when the speed is being changed during start/stop through ramp up/down. When bit 08=1, the current speed of the motor corresponds to the set speed reference value.

Bit 09, Local operation/bus control

Bit 09=0 indicates that the drive is stopped with the [Stop] key on the LCP, or that option [2] Linked to Hand/Auto or [0] Local is selected in parameter 3-13 Reference Site. When bit 09=1, the drive can be controlled through the serial interface.

Bit 10, Out of frequency limit/frequency limit OK

When bit 10=0, the output frequency is outside the limits set in parameter 4-52 Warning Speed Low and parameter 4-53 Warning Speed High. When bit 10=1, the output frequency is within the indicated limits.

1111

Bit 11, No operation/operation

When bit 11=0, the motor does not turn. When bit 11=1, the drive has a start signal, or the output frequency is higher than 0 Hz.

Bit 12, Drive OK/stopped, auto start

When bit 12=0, there is no temporary overloading of the inverter. When bit 12=1, the inverter has stopped due to overloading. However, the drive has not switched o (trip) and will start again after the overloading has ended.

Bit 13, Voltage OK/voltage exceeded

When bit 13=0, the voltage limits of the drive are not exceeded. When bit 13=1, the direct voltage in the intermediate circuit of the drive is too low or too high.

Bit 14, Torque OK/torque exceeded

When bit 14=0, the motor torque is below the limit selected in parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode and parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode. When bit 14=1, the limit selected in parameter 4-16 Torque

Limit Motor Mode or parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode is exceeded.

Bit 15, Timer OK/timer exceeded

When bit 15=0, the timers for the motor thermal protection and thermal drive protection have not exceeded 100%. When bit 15=1, 1 of the timers has exceeded 100%.

Index Design Guide

Index

Abbreviations......................................................................................... 76

AC brake................................................................................................... 13

Acoustic noise........................................................................................ 49

Active reference.................................................................................... 60

Additional resources.............................................................................. 4

Airow

Congurations.................................................................................. 14

Rates..................................................................................................... 35

Altitude..................................................................................................... 36

Ambient conditions

Overview............................................................................................. 34

Specications.................................................................................... 18

Analog

Input specications......................................................................... 19

Input/output descriptions and default settings................... 43

Output specications..................................................................... 20

Auto on..................................................................................................... 60

Automatic energy optimization (AEO)............................................ 9

Automatic motor adaptation (AMA)

Overview............................................................................................. 10

Automatic switching frequency modulation................................ 9

Back-channel cooling................................................................... 14, 35

Brake resistor

Denition............................................................................................ 76

Formula for rated power............................................................... 75

Braking

Dynamic braking.............................................................................. 13

Break-away torque............................................................................... 76

Cable clamp............................................................................................ 41

Cables

Control................................................................................................. 41

Equalizing........................................................................................... 42

Maximum number and size per phase..................................... 16

Motor cables...................................................................................... 45

Power connections.......................................................................... 40

Routing................................................................................................ 42

Shielding...................................................................................... 40, 55

Specications............................................................................. 16, 19

Type and ratings............................................................................... 38

Calculations

Scaled reference............................................................................... 61

Short-circuit ratio............................................................................. 58

THDi...................................................................................................... 57

Capacitor storage................................................................................. 33

CE mark....................................................................................................... 4

Circuit breaker....................................................................................... 48

Closed loop............................................................................... 64, 66, 68

Coasting................................................................................................... 89

Commercial environment................................................................. 52

Condensation......................................................................................... 34

Conducted emission........................................................................... 52

Control

Characteristics................................................................................... 21

Description of operation............................................................... 60

Structures............................................................................................ 64

Types of................................................................................................ 66

Control cables........................................................................................ 41

Control card

Overtemperature trip point......................................................... 16

RS485 specications....................................................................... 20

Specications.................................................................................... 21

Control terminals.................................................................................. 42

Conventions.............................................................................................. 5

Cooling

Dust warning..................................................................................... 34

Overview of back-channel cooling............................................ 14

Requirements.................................................................................... 35

Current

Distortion............................................................................................ 57

Formula for current limit............................................................... 75

Fundamental current...................................................................... 57

Harmonic current............................................................................. 57

Internal current control.................................................................. 67

Leakage current......................................................................... 47, 48

Mitigating motor.............................................................................. 47

Rated output current...................................................................... 75

Transient ground.............................................................................. 48

DC brake........................................................................................... 13, 89

DC bus

Description of operation............................................................... 60

Derating

Altitude................................................................................................ 36

Automatic feature.............................................................................. 9

Low-speed operation..................................................................... 35

Overview and causes...................................................................... 35

Specications.................................................................................... 18

Temperature and switching frequency.................................... 37

Derating................................................................................................... 35

Digital

Input specications......................................................................... 19

Input/output descriptions and default settings................... 43

Output specications..................................................................... 20

Dimension, shipping.............................................................................. 7

Dimensions

J8 exterior........................................................................................... 23

J8 terminal.......................................................................................... 26

J9 exterior........................................................................................... 28

J9 terminal.......................................................................................... 31

Index VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Directive, EMC.......................................................................................... 4

Directive, Low Voltage........................................................................... 4

Directive, Machinery.............................................................................. 4

Discharge time......................................................................................... 6

Disconnect.............................................................................................. 44

Document version.................................................................................. 4

Drive

Clearance requirements................................................................ 35

Congurator...................................................................................... 72

DU/dt

Overview............................................................................................. 50

Duct cooling........................................................................................... 35

Duty cycle

Denition............................................................................................ 76

Eciency

Calculation.......................................................................................... 49

Formula for drive eciency.......................................................... 75

Specications.................................................................................... 16

Using AMA.......................................................................................... 10

Electrical specications 380–480 V................................................ 17

Electromagnetic interference.......................................................... 10

Electronic thermal relay (ETR).......................................................... 38

EMC

Compatibility..................................................................................... 54

General aspects................................................................................ 51

Installation.......................................................................................... 56

Interference........................................................................................ 55

RS485 installation precautions.................................................... 78

Test results.......................................................................................... 52

EMC Directive........................................................................................... 4

Emission requirements....................................................................... 52

Encoder

Conguration.................................................................................... 71

Denition............................................................................................ 76

Determining encoder direction.................................................. 71

VLT® Encoder Input MCB 102....................................................... 15

Energy eciency class........................................................................ 18

Environment.................................................................................... 18, 34

ETR............................................................................................................. 11

Exterior dimensions

J8............................................................................................................ 23

J9............................................................................................................ 28

External alarm reset............................................................................. 70

Fans

Required

Temperature-controlled fans....................................................... 10

FC prole.................................................................................................. 88

airow............................................................................... 35

Feedback

Conversion.......................................................................................... 64

Handling.............................................................................................. 63

Signal.................................................................................................... 66

Fieldbus............................................................................................. 15, 42

Filters

RFI lter................................................................................................ 54

Sine-wave lter................................................................................. 40

Flying start.............................................................................................. 11

Formula

Current limit....................................................................................... 75

Drive eciency................................................................................. 75

Output current.................................................................................. 75

Rated power of the brake resistor.............................................. 75

Fourier series analysis......................................................................... 57

Frequency bypass................................................................................. 11

Fuses

For use with power connections................................................ 40

Overcurrent protection warning................................................ 38

Specications.................................................................................... 44

Galvanic isolation................................................................... 10, 20, 54

Gases......................................................................................................... 34

General purpose I/O module........................................................... 15

Grounding................................................................................. 10, 41, 48

Hand on.................................................................................................... 60

Harmonics

Denition of power factor............................................................ 76

EN standards...................................................................................... 58

IEC standards..................................................................................... 58

Overview............................................................................................. 57

Heat sink

Cleaning.............................................................................................. 34

Overtemperature trip point......................................................... 16

Required airow............................................................................... 35

Heater

Usage.................................................................................................... 34

High voltage warning............................................................................ 6

High-altitude installation................................................................... 55

Humidity.................................................................................................. 34

Immunity requirements..................................................................... 53

Input specications............................................................................. 19

Installation

Electrical.............................................................................................. 38

Qualied personnel........................................................................... 6

Requirements.................................................................................... 34

Insulation................................................................................................. 47

Inverter..................................................................................................... 60

Index Design Guide

IT grid........................................................................................................ 49

Kinetic back-up...................................................................................... 11

Kits

Descriptions....................................................................................... 74

Ordering numbers........................................................................... 74

Leakage current................................................................................ 6, 47

Lifting........................................................................................................ 33

Load share

Warning.................................................................................................. 6

Low Voltage Directive........................................................................... 4

Low-speed operation.......................................................................... 35

Machinery Directive............................................................................... 4

Mains

Drop-out............................................................................................. 11

Fluctuations....................................................................................... 10

Supply specications...................................................................... 18

Maintenance.......................................................................................... 34

Modbus

Message structure........................................................................... 84

RTU message function codes...................................................... 87

RTU overview..................................................................................... 83

Modulation......................................................................................... 9, 75

Motor

Break-away torque........................................................................... 76

Cables..................................................................................... 40, 45, 47

Full torque.......................................................................................... 11

Insulation............................................................................................ 47

Leakage current................................................................................ 47

Missing phase detection.................................................................. 8

Mitigating bearing currents......................................................... 47

thermal protection.......................................................................... 10

Output

Parallel connection.......................................................................... 45

Rotation............................................................................................... 45

Thermistor.......................................................................................... 71

Wiring schematic............................................................................. 39

Mounting

specications..................................................................... 18

congurations.................................................................. 34

Network connection............................................................................ 77

Open loop........................................................................................ 64, 65

Open loop

Wiring for speed control................................................................ 68

Options

Fieldbus............................................................................................... 15

Functional extensions.................................................................... 15

Ordering.............................................................................................. 74

Ordering................................................................................................... 72

Output

Contactor............................................................................................ 56

Specications.................................................................................... 20

Switch..................................................................................................... 8

Overcurrent protection...................................................................... 38

Overload

Issue with harmonics...................................................................... 57

Limits....................................................................................................... 9

Overtemperature.................................................................................. 76

Overvoltage

Protection.............................................................................................. 8

PC connection........................................................................................ 41

PELV............................................................................................. 10, 20, 54

Periodic forming................................................................................... 33

Personal computer............................................................................... 41

PID

Controller.............................................................................. 10, 63, 66

Pigtails...................................................................................................... 54

PLC............................................................................................................. 42

Point of common coupling............................................................... 57

Potentiometer........................................................................................ 43

Power

Connections....................................................................................... 40

Factor.................................................................................................... 76

Losses................................................................................................... 16

Ratings................................................................................................. 16

Preheat..................................................................................................... 12

Process control...................................................................................... 66

PROFIBUS................................................................................................. 15

PROFINET................................................................................................. 15

Protection

Brake function..................................................................................... 8

Overcurrent........................................................................................ 38

Overload................................................................................................ 9

Overvoltage.......................................................................................... 8

Short circuit.......................................................................................... 8

Supply voltage imbalance............................................................... 8

Protocol overview................................................................................ 78

Pulse

Input specications......................................................................... 20

Qualied personnel................................................................................ 6

Index VLT® AutomationDrive FC 361

Speed

Radiated emission................................................................................ 52

Radio frequency interference.......................................................... 10

Rectier.................................................................................................... 60

Reference

Active reference................................................................................ 60

Remote handling of........................................................................ 61

Remote reference............................................................................. 61

Relay

Specications.................................................................................... 21

Terminals............................................................................................. 43

Remote reference................................................................................. 61

Residential environment.................................................................... 52

Residual current device............................................................... 47, 48

Resolver option..................................................................................... 15

Resonance damping............................................................................ 10

Restart....................................................................................................... 11

RFI

Filter...................................................................................................... 54

Using switch with IT grid............................................................... 49

Rise time.................................................................................................. 50

Rotor............................................................................................................ 9

RS485

Installation.......................................................................................... 77

Overview............................................................................................. 77

Parameter values.............................................................................. 88

Terminals............................................................................................. 43

Wiring schematic............................................................................. 39

Safety

Instructions........................................................................................ 38

Safety instructions.................................................................................. 6

Scaled reference.................................................................................... 61

Serial communication......................................................................... 43

Shielding

Cables............................................................................................ 40, 41

Twisted ends...................................................................................... 54

Shipping dimension............................................................................... 7

Short circuit

Denition............................................................................................ 76

Protection.............................................................................................. 8

Ratio calculation............................................................................... 58

Sine-wave lter...................................................................................... 40

Slip compensation............................................................................... 76

Smart logic control

Overview............................................................................................. 12

Software version...................................................................................... 4

Spare parts.............................................................................................. 74

Specications electrical...................................................................... 16

Control................................................................................................. 66

PID feedback...................................................................................... 66

Start/stop................................................................................................. 69

Storage..................................................................................................... 33

Switch

A53 and A54....................................................................................... 43

Switches

A53 and A54....................................................................................... 19

Disconnect.......................................................................................... 44

Switching frequency

Derating.......................................................................................... 9, 37

Power connections.......................................................................... 40

Sine-wave lter................................................................................. 40

Use with RCDs................................................................................... 48

Telegram length (LGE)......................................................................... 79

Temperature........................................................................................... 34

Terminal dimensions

J8............................................................................................................ 26

J9............................................................................................................ 31

Terminals

Analog input/output...................................................................... 43

Control descriptions and default settings.............................. 42

Digital input/output........................................................................ 43

Relay terminals.................................................................................. 43

RS485.................................................................................................... 43

Serial communication.................................................................... 43

Thermistor

Cable routing..................................................................................... 42

Denition............................................................................................ 76

Terminal location............................................................................. 43

Wiring

Torque

Characteristic..................................................................................... 18

Transducer............................................................................................... 43

Transformer

Eects of harmonics........................................................................ 57

Trip

Denition............................................................................................ 76

Points for 380–480 V drives.......................................................... 16

Type code................................................................................................ 72

USB

Specications.................................................................................... 22

User input................................................................................................ 60

Voltage imbalance.................................................................................. 8

VVC+.......................................................................................................... 67

congurations..................................................................... 71

Danfoss FC 361 Design guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual