ENGINEERING TOMORROW
Design Guide
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360
vlt-drives.danfoss.com
Contents |
Design Guide |
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Contents
1 Introduction |
5 |
1.1 How to Read This Design Guide |
5 |
1.2 De€nitions |
6 |
1.3 Safety Precautions |
9 |
1.4 Disposal Instruction |
11 |
1.5 Document and Software Version |
11 |
1.6 Approvals and Certi€cations |
11 |
2 Product Overview |
12 |
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview |
12 |
2.2 Electrical Installation |
13 |
2.2.1 Grounding Requirements |
16 |
2.2.2 Control Wiring |
18 |
2.3 Control Structures |
20 |
2.3.1 Control Principle |
20 |
2.3.2 Control Modes |
20 |
2.3.3 FC 360 Control Principle |
21 |
2.3.4 Control Structure in VVC+ |
22 |
2.3.5 Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode |
23 |
2.3.6 Local [Hand On] and Remote [Auto On] Control |
23 |
2.4 Reference Handling |
24 |
2.4.1 Reference Limits |
25 |
2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References |
26 |
2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback |
26 |
2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero |
27 |
2.5 PID Control |
30 |
2.5.1 Speed PID Control |
30 |
2.5.2 Process PID Control |
33 |
2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters |
34 |
2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control |
35 |
2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization |
38 |
2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method |
38 |
2.6 EMC Emission and Immunity |
39 |
2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission |
39 |
2.6.2 EMC Emission Requirements |
40 |
2.6.3 EMC Immunity Requirements |
40 |
2.7 Galvanic Isolation |
42 |
2.8 Earth Leakage Current |
42 |
2.9 Brake Functions |
43 |
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
1 |
Contents |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake |
43 |
2.9.2 Dynamic Braking |
44 |
2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection |
44 |
2.10 Smart Logic Controller |
45 |
2.11 Extreme Running Conditions |
46 |
3 Type Code and Selection |
48 |
3.1 Ordering |
48 |
3.2 Ordering Numbers: Options, Accessories, and Spare Parts |
49 |
3.3 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors |
50 |
3.3.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10% |
50 |
3.3.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40% |
51 |
4 Speci€cations |
52 |
4.1 Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC |
52 |
4.2 General Speci€cations |
55 |
4.3 Fuses |
59 |
4.4 Efficiency |
60 |
4.5 Acoustic Noise |
60 |
4.6 dU/dt Conditions |
60 |
4.7 Special Conditions |
62 |
4.7.1 Manual Derating |
62 |
4.7.2 Automatic Derating |
64 |
4.8 Enclosure Sizes, Power Ratings, and Dimensions |
65 |
5 RS485 Installation and Set-up |
67 |
5.1 Introduction |
67 |
5.1.1 Overview |
67 |
5.1.2 Network Connection |
68 |
5.1.3 Hardware Set-up |
68 |
5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication |
68 |
5.1.5 EMC Precautions |
69 |
5.2 FC Protocol |
69 |
5.2.1 Overview |
69 |
5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU |
69 |
5.3 Network Con€guration |
69 |
5.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure |
70 |
5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte) |
70 |
5.4.2 Telegram Structure |
70 |
5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) |
70 |
5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR) |
70 |
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MG06B502 |
Contents |
Design Guide |
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5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) |
70 |
5.4.6 The Data Field |
70 |
5.4.7 The PKE Field |
71 |
5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) |
71 |
5.4.9 Index (IND) |
71 |
5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) |
71 |
5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter |
72 |
5.4.12 Conversion |
72 |
5.4.13 Process Words (PCD) |
72 |
5.5 Examples |
72 |
5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value |
72 |
5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value |
73 |
5.6 Modbus RTU |
73 |
5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge |
73 |
5.6.2 Overview |
73 |
5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU |
74 |
5.7 Network Con€guration |
74 |
5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure |
74 |
5.8.1 Introduction |
74 |
5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure |
74 |
5.8.3 Start/Stop Field |
75 |
5.8.4 Address Field |
75 |
5.8.5 Function Field |
75 |
5.8.6 Data Field |
75 |
5.8.7 CRC Check Field |
75 |
5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing |
75 |
5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter |
78 |
5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU |
78 |
5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes |
78 |
5.9 How to Access Parameters |
79 |
5.9.1 Parameter Handling |
79 |
5.9.2 Storage of Data |
79 |
5.9.3 IND (Index) |
79 |
5.9.4 Text Blocks |
79 |
5.9.5 Conversion Factor |
79 |
5.9.6 Parameter Values |
79 |
5.10 Examples |
79 |
5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex) |
79 |
5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) |
80 |
5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) |
80 |
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
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Contents |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) |
81 |
5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex) |
81 |
5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) |
82 |
5.11 Danfoss FC Control Pro€le |
82 |
5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Pro€le (8-10 Protocol = FC Pro€le) |
82 |
5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Pro€le (STW) |
84 |
5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value |
85 |
6 Application Examples |
86 |
6.1 Introduction |
86 |
Index |
90 |
4 |
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MG06B502 |
Introduction Design Guide
1 Introduction |
1 |
1 |
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1.1 How to Read This Design Guide
This design guide provides information on how to select, commission, and order a frequency converter. It provides information about mechanical and electrical installation.
The design guide is intended for use by quali€ed personnel.
Read and follow the design guide to use the frequency converter safely and professionally, and pay particular attention to the safety instructions and general warnings.
VLT® is a registered trademark.
•VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Quick Guide provides the necessary information for getting the frequency converter up and running.
•VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Programming Guide provides information on how to program and includes complete parameter descriptions.
FC 360 technical literature is also available online at www.danfoss.com/fc360.
The following symbols are used in this manual:
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices.
NOTICE
Indicates important information, including situations that may result in damage to equipment or property.
The following conventions are used in this manual:
•Numbered lists indicate procedures.
•Bullet lists indicate other information and description of illustrations.
•Italicized text indicates:
-Cross-reference.
-Link.
-Footnote.
-Parameter name.
-Parameter group name.
-Parameter option.
•All dimensions in drawings are in mm (inch).
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
5 |
Introduction |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
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1.1.1 Abbreviations |
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Alternating current |
AC |
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American wire gauge |
AWG |
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Ampere/AMP |
A |
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Automatic motor adaptation |
AMA |
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Current limit |
ILIM |
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Degrees Celsius |
°C |
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Direct current |
DC |
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Drive dependent |
D-TYPE |
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Electromagnetic compatibility |
EMC |
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Electronic thermal relay |
ETR |
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Gram |
g |
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Hertz |
Hz |
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Horsepower |
hp |
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Kilohertz |
kHz |
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Local control panel |
LCP |
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Meter |
m |
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Millihenry inductance |
mH |
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Milliampere |
mA |
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Millisecond |
ms |
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Minute |
min |
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Motion control tool |
MCT |
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Nanofarad |
nF |
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Newton meter |
Nm |
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Nominal motor current |
IM,N |
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Nominal motor frequency |
fM,N |
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Nominal motor power |
PM,N |
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Nominal motor voltage |
UM,N |
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Permanent magnet motor |
PM motor |
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Protective extra low voltage |
PELV |
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Printed circuit board |
PCB |
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Rated inverter output current |
IINV |
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Revolutions per minute |
RPM |
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Regenerative terminals |
Regen |
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Second |
s |
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Synchronous motor speed |
ns |
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Torque limit |
TLIM |
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Volts |
V |
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Maximum output current |
IVLT,MAX |
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Rated output current supplied by the |
IVLT,N |
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frequency converter |
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1.2 De€nitions
1.2.1 Frequency Converter
Coast
The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.
IVLT,MAX
Maximum output current.
IVLT,N
Rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.
UVLT,MAX
Maximum output voltage.
1.2.2 Input
Control commands
Start and stop the connected motor with the LCP and digital inputs.
Functions are divided into 2 groups.
Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in group 2.
Group 1 Precise stop, coast stop, precise stop and coast stop, quick stop, DC braking, stop, and [OFF].
Group 2 Start, pulse start, start reversing, jog, freeze output, and [Hand On].
Table 1.1 Function Groups
6 |
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MG06B502 |
Introduction |
Design Guide |
1.2.3 Motor
Motor running
Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from 0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.
fJOG
Motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via digital terminals or bus).
fM
Motor frequency.
fMAX
Maximum motor frequency.
fMIN
Minimum motor frequency.
fM,N
Rated motor frequency (nameplate data).
IM
Motor current (actual).
IM,N
Nominal motor current (nameplate data).
nM,N
Nominal motor speed (nameplate data).
ns
Synchronous motor speed.
ns |
= 2 × |
Parameter 1 23 |
× 60 |
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Parameter 1 |
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nslip
Motor slip.
PM,N
Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp).
TM,N
Rated torque (motor).
UM
Instantaneous motor voltage.
UM,N
Rated motor voltage (nameplate data).
Break-away torque |
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Torque |
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Pull-out |
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RPM
Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque
ηVLT
The efficiency of the frequency converter is de€ned as the ratio between the power output and the power input.
Start-disable command
A start-disable command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.
Stop command
A stop command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.
1.2.4 References
Analog reference
A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54 can be voltage or current.
Binary reference
A signal transmitted via the serial communication port.
Preset reference
A de€ned preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via the digital terminals. Selection of 4 preset references via the bus.
Pulse reference
A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs (terminal 29 or 33).
RefMAX
Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the resulting reference. The maximum reference value is set in parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.
RefMIN
Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The minimum reference value is set in
parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
7 |
Introduction |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
1 |
1 |
1.2.5 Miscellaneous |
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Analog inputs
The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.
There are 2 types of analog inputs:
•Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA.
•Voltage input: 0–10 V DC.
Analog outputs
The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA or 4– 20 mA.
Automatic motor adaptation, AMA
The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill.
Brake resistor
The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the brake power generated in regenerative braking. This regenerative brake power increases the DC-link voltage and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted to the brake resistor.
CT characteristics
Constant torque characteristics used for all applications such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.
Digital inputs
The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.
Digital outputs
The frequency converter features 2 solid-state outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.
ETR
Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature.
FC standard bus
Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See parameter 8-30 Protocol.
Initializing
If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation Mode or 2-€nger reset), the frequency converter returns to the default setting.
Intermittent duty cycle
An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an off-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or nonperiodic duty.
LCP
The local control panel makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The LCP is detachable. With the installation kit option, the LCP can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the frequency converter in a front panel.
GLCP
The graphic local control panel (LCP 102) interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The display is graphic and the panel is used to show process values. The GLCP has storing and copy functions.
NLCP
The numerical local control panel (LCP 21) interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The display is numerical and the panel is used to show process values. The NLCP has storing and copy functions.
lsb
Least signi€cant bit.
msb
Most signi€cant bit.
MCM
Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2.
On-line/oƒ-line parameters
Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. To activate changes to offline parameters, press [OK].
Process PID
The PID control maintains speed, pressure, and temperature by adjusting the output frequency to match the varying load.
PCD
Process control data.
Power cycle
Switch off the mains until the display (LCP) is dark, then turn power on again.
Power factor
The power factor is the relation between I1 and IRMS.
Power factor |
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x U x I |
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cos |
ϕ1 |
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x U x IRMS |
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For VLT |
® AutomationDrive= |
FC 360 frequency converters, |
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3 |
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cosϕ1 = 1, therefore: |
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Power factor |
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I |
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x cos |
ϕ1 |
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I |
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IRMS |
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IRMS |
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The power |
factor indicates to which extent the frequency |
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converter imposes a load on the mains supply. |
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The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS for the |
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same kW performance. |
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RMS |
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+ .. + |
In |
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In |
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addition, a high power factor indicates that the different harmonic currents are low.
The built-in DC coils produce a high power factor, minimizing the imposed load on the mains supply.
Pulse input/incremental encoder
An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back information on motor speed. The encoder is used in applications where great accuracy in speed control is required.
8 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Introduction |
Design Guide |
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RCD
Residual current device.
Set-up
60° AVM |
1 1 |
Refers to the switching pattern 60° asynchronous vector modulation.
Save parameter settings in 2 set-ups. Change between the 2 parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while another set-up is active.
SFAVM
Acronym describing the switching pattern stator fluxoriented asynchronous vector modulation.
Slip compensation
The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost constant.
1.3 Safety Precautions
WARNING
The voltage of the frequency converter is dangerous whenever connected to mains. Incorrect installation of the motor, frequency converter or €eldbus may cause death, serious personal injury or damage to the equipment. Consequently, the instructions in this manual, as well as national and local rules and safety regulations, must be complied with.
Smart logic control (SLC)
The SLC is a sequence of user-de€ned actions executed when the smart logic controller evaluates the associated user-de€ned events as true (parameter group 13-** Smart Logic Control).
STW
Status word.
THD
Total harmonic distortion states the total contribution of harmonic distortion.
Thermistor
A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is monitored (frequency converter or motor).
Trip
A state entered in fault situations, for example if the frequency converter is subject to overvoltage or when it is protecting the motor, process, or mechanism. Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared, and the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety.
Trip lock
Trip lock is a state entered in fault situations when the frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring physical intervention., An example causing a trip lock is the frequency converter being subject to a short circuit on the output. A locked trip can only be canceled by cutting off mains, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart is prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety.
VT characteristics
Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.
VVC+
If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, voltage vector control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.
Safety Regulations
1.Always disconnect mains supply to the frequency converter before carrying out repair work. Check that the mains supply has been disconnected and observe the discharge time stated in Table 1.2 before removing motor and mains supply.
2.[Off/Reset] on the LCP does not disconnect the mains supply and must not be used as a safety switch.
3.Ground the equipment properly, protect the user against supply voltage, and protect the motor against overload in accordance with applicable national and local regulations.
4.Protection against motor overload is not included in the factory setting. If this function is desired, set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [4] ETR trip 1 or [3] ETR warning 1.
5.The frequency converter has more voltage sources than L1, L2 and L3, when load sharing (linking of DC intermediate circuit). Check that all voltage sources have been disconnected and that the necessary time has elapsed before commencing repair work.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
9 |
Introduction |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
1 |
1 |
Warning against unintended start |
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1. |
The motor can be stopped with digital |
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commands, bus commands, references or a local |
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stop, while the frequency converter is connected |
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to mains. If personal safety considerations (e.g. |
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risk of personal injury caused by contact with |
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moving parts following an unintentional start) |
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make it necessary to ensure that no unintended |
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start occurs, these stop functions are not |
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sufficient. In such cases, disconnect the mains |
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supply. |
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2. |
The motor may start while setting the |
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parameters. If this means that personal safety |
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may be compromised, motor starting must be |
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prevented, for instance by secure disconnection |
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of the motor connection. |
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3. |
A motor that has been stopped with the mains |
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supply connected, may start if faults occur in the |
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electronics of the frequency converter, through |
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temporary overload or if a fault in the power |
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supply grid or motor connection is remedied. If |
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unintended start must be prevented for personal |
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frequency converter are not sufficient. In such |
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cases, disconnect the mains supply. |
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4. |
In rare cases, control signals from, or internally |
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within, the frequency converter may be activated |
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in error, be delayed, or fail to occur entirely. |
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When used in situations where safety is critical, |
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e.g. when controlling the electromagnetic brake |
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function of a hoist application, do not rely on |
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these control signals exclusively. |
WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE
Touching the electrical parts may be fatal even after the equipment has been disconnected from mains.
Make sure that all voltage inputs have been disconnected, including load sharing (linkage of DC intermediate circuit), as well as motor connection for kinetic back up.
Systems where frequency converters are installed must, if necessary, be equipped with additional monitoring and protective devices according to valid safety regulations, such as laws on mechanical tools, regulations for the prevention of accidents, etc. Modi€cations to the frequency converters via the operating software are allowed.
NOTICE
Hazardous situations shall be identi€ed by the machine builder/integrator responsible for considering necessary preventive means. Additional monitoring and protective devices may be included, always according to valid national safety regulations, such as laws on mechanical tools and regulations for the prevention of accidents.
WARNING
DISCHARGE TIME
The frequency converter contains DC-link capacitors, which can remain charged even when the frequency converter is not powered. High voltage can be present even when the warning LED indicator lights are oƒ. Failure to wait the speci€ed time after power has been removed before performing service or repair work can result in death or serious injury.
•Stop the motor.
•Disconnect AC mains and remote DC-link power supplies, including battery back-ups, UPS, and DC-link connections to other frequency converters.
•Disconnect or lock PM motor.
•Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully. The minimum waiting time is speci€ed in Table 1.2 and is also visible on the product label on top of the frequency converter.
•Before performing any service or repair work, use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure that the capacitors are fully discharged.
Voltage |
Power range |
Minimum waiting |
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time |
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[V] |
[kW (hp)] |
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(minutes) |
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380–480 |
0.37–7.5 kW |
4 |
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(0.5–10 hp) |
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380–480 |
11–75 kW |
15 |
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(15–100 hp) |
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Table 1.2 Discharge Time |
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10 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Introduction |
Design Guide |
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1.4 Disposal Instruction |
1.6.2 Low Voltage Directive |
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1 |
1 |
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Equipment containing electrical components may not be disposed of together with domestic waste.
It must be collected separately with electrical and electronic waste according to local and currently valid legislation.
1.5 Document and Software Version
This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome.
Edition |
Remarks |
Software version |
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MG06B5xx |
Update due to new |
1.8x |
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hardware and software |
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release. |
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1.6 Approvals and Certi€cations
Frequency converters are designed in compliance with the directives described in this section.
For more information on approvals and certi€cates, go to the download area at www.danfoss.com/fc360.
1.6.1 CE Mark
The CE mark (Conformité Européenne) indicates that the product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU directives.
The EU directives applicable to the design and manufacture of drives are:
•The Low Voltage Directive.
•The EMC Directive.
•The Machinery Directive (for units with an integrated safety function).
The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU. The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product. Technical speci€cations cannot be deduced from the CE mark.
Drives are classi€ed as electronic components and must be CE-labeled in accordance with the Low Voltage Directive. The directive applies to all electrical equipment in the 50– 1000 V AC and the 75–1500 V DC voltage ranges.
The directive mandates that the equipment design must ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.
Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity upon request.
1.6.3 EMC Directive
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electromagnetic interference between pieces of equipment does not hinder their performance. The basic protection requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or whose operation could be affected by EMI must be designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.
A drive can be used as stand-alone device or as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of these cases must bear the CE mark. Systems must not be CE-marked but must comply with the basic protection requirements of the EMC directive.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
11 |
Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
2 Product Overview
2 2
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview
Enclosure size depends on power range.
Enclosure size |
J1 |
J2 |
J3 |
J4 |
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11–15 kW/15–20 hp |
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7.5 kW/10 hp (380–480 V) |
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J7 |
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High overload |
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rated power - |
18.5–22 kW/25–30 hp |
30–45 kW/40–60 hp |
55–75 kW/75–100 hp |
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overload1) |
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Table 2.1 Enclosure Sizes
1) Sizes 11–75 kW (15–100 hp) normal overload type: 110% overload 1 minute. Sizes 0.37–7.5 kW (0.5–10 hp) high overload type: 160% overload 1 minute. Sizes 11–22 kW (15–30 hp) high overload type: 150% overload 1 minute.
Sizes 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) high overload type: 150% overload 1 minute.
12 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
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2.2 Electrical Installation
This section describes how to wire the frequency converter.
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RFI |
3) |
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3 phase |
91 |
(L1) |
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(U) 96 |
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92 |
(L2) |
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(V) 97 |
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power |
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(L3) |
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(W) 98 |
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PE |
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(PE) 99 |
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Switch mode |
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power supply |
1) |
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10 V DC |
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24 V DC |
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(+UDC) 89 |
Brake |
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15 mA |
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100 mA |
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resistor |
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(+10 V OUT) |
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0/4-20 mA |
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0-10 V DC |
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(A IN) |
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55 |
(COM A IN/OUT) |
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Relay 1 |
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03 |
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02 |
250 V AC, 3 A |
Analog |
42 (A OUT) |
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output |
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01 |
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45 (A OUT) |
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12 |
(+24 V OUT) |
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Relay 2 |
2) |
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P 5-00 |
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06 |
250 V AC, 3 A |
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24 V (NPN) |
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05 |
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(D IN) |
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24 V (NPN) |
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04 |
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(D IN) |
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(COM D IN) |
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4) |
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ON=Terminated |
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(D IN/OUT) |
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<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ON |
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24 V |
0 V (PNP) |
OFF=Open |
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5V |
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0 V |
29 |
(D IN/OUT) |
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0 V |
31 (D IN)
32 (D IN)
33 (D IN)
24 V (NPN) |
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0 V (PNP) |
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S801 |
0V |
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RS485 |
(N RS485) |
69 |
RS485 |
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24 V (NPN) |
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(P RS485) |
68 |
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0 V (PNP) |
0 V |
(COM RS485) 61 |
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(PNP) = Source |
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0 V (PNP) |
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Illustration 2.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing
2 2
<![if ! IE]><![endif]>130BC438.19
A=Analog, D=Digital
1)Built-in brake chopper available from J1–J5.
2)Relay 2 is 2-pole for J1–J3 and 3-pole for J4–J7. Relay 2 of J4–J7 with terminals 4, 5, and 6 has same NO/NC logic as relay 1. Relays are pluggable in J1–J5 and fixed in J6–J7.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
13 |
Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
3)Single DC choke in J1–J5; dual DC choke in J6–J7.
4)Switch S801 (bus terminal) can be used to enable termination on the RS485 port (terminals 68 and 69).
2 |
2 |
5) No BR for J6–J7. |
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14 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
|
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
L1 |
L2 |
L3 |
PE |
5 |
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6 |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>e30bf228.11 |
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PLC |
10 |
Mains cable (unshielded) |
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2 |
Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG) equalizing cable |
11 |
Output contactor, and more. |
3 |
Control cables |
12 |
Cable insulation stripped |
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4 |
Minimum 200 mm (7.87 in) between control cables, motor |
13 |
Common ground busbar. Follow local and national |
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requirements for cabinet grounding. |
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5 |
Mains supply |
14 |
Brake resistor |
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6 |
Bare (unpainted) surface |
15 |
Metal box |
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7 |
Star washers |
16 |
Connection to motor |
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8 |
Brake cable (shielded) |
17 |
Motor |
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9 |
Motor cable (shielded) |
18 |
EMC cable gland |
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Illustration 2.2 Typical Electrical Connection
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
15 |
Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
WARNING
EQUIPMENT HAZARD
2 2 Rotating shafts and electrical equipment can be hazardous. It is important to protect against electrical hazards when applying power to the unit. All electrical work must conform to national and local electrical codes. Installation, start up, and maintenance must be performed only by trained and quali€ed personnel. Failure to follow these guidelines could result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
WIRING ISOLATION
Run input power, motor wiring, and control wiring in 3 separate metallic conduits, or use separated shielded cables for high-frequency noise isolation. Failure to isolate power, motor, and control wiring could result in less than optimum frequency converter and associated equipment performance.
Run motor cables from multiple frequency converters separately. Induced voltage from output motor cables run together can charge equipment capacitors even with the equipment turned oƒ and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately or use shielded cables could result in death or serious injury.
•Run output motor cables separately.
•Use shielded cables.
•Lock out all frequency converters simultaneously.
Wire type and ratings
•All wiring must comply with local and national regulations regarding cross-section and ambient temperature requirements.
•Danfoss recommends that all power connections are made with a minimum 75 °C (167 °F) rated copper wire.
•See chapter 4 Specifications for recommended wire sizes.
2.2.1 Grounding Requirements
WARNING
GROUNDING HAZARD!
For operator safety, a certi€ed electrical installer should ground the frequency converter in accordance with national and local electrical codes as well as instructions contained within this manual. Ground currents are higher than 3.5 mA. Failure to ground the frequency converter properly could result in death or serious injury.
•Establish proper protective grounding for equipment with ground currents higher than 3.5 mA. See chapter 2.8 Earth Leakage Current for details.
•A dedicated ground wire is required for input power, motor power, and control wiring.
•Use the clamps provided with the equipment for proper ground connections.
•Do not ground 1 frequency converter to another in a “daisy chain” fashion (see Illustration 2.3).
•Keep the ground wire connections as short as possible.
•Use high-strand wire to reduce electrical noise.
•Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.
<![if ! IE]><![endif]>130BC500.10
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FC 1 |
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Illustration 2.3 Grounding Principle
16 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
WARNING
INDUCED VOLTAGE
Run output motor cables from multiple frequency converters separately. Induced voltage from output motor cables run together can charge equipment capacitors even when the equipment is turned oƒ and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately could result in death or serious injury.
Grounding clamps are provided for motor wiring (see
Illustration 2.4).
•Do not install power factor correction capacitors between the frequency converter and the motor.
•Do not wire a starting or pole-changing device between the frequency converter and the motor.
•Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.
•All frequency converters must be used with an isolated input source and with ground reference power lines. When supplied from an isolated mains source (IT mains or floating delta) or TT/TN-S mains with a grounded leg (grounded delta), set parameter 14-50 RFI Filter to OFF (enclosure sizes J6–J7) or remove the RFI screw (enclosure sizes J1–J5). When off, the internal RFI €lter capacitors between the chassis and the intermediate circuit are isolated to avoid damage to the intermediate circuit and reduce ground capacity currents in accordance with IEC 61800-3.
•Do not install a switch between the frequency converter and the motor in IT mains.
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BC501.10 |
2 |
2 |
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Illustration 2.4 Mains, Motor, and Ground Connections for
Enclosure Sizes J1–J5 (Taking J2 as an Example)
<![if ! IE]><![endif]>130BD648.11
Illustration 2.5 Mains, Motor, and Ground Connections for
Enclosure Sizes J6–J7 (Taking J7 as an Example)
Illustration 2.4 shows mains input, motor, and grounding for enclosure sizes J1–J5. Illustration 2.5 shows mains input, motor, and grounding for enclosure sizes J6–J7. Actual con€gurations vary with unit types and optional equipment.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
17 |
Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
2.2.2 Control Wiring
2 |
2 |
Access |
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• |
Remove the cover plate with a screwdriver. See |
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Illustration 2.6. |
<![endif]>130BC504.11
Illustration 2.6 Control Wiring Access for Enclosure Sizes J1–J7
Control Terminal Types
Illustration 2.7 shows the frequency converter control terminals. Terminal functions and default settings are summarized in Table 2.2.
<![if ! IE]><![endif]>130BC505.12
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42 |
45 |
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Illustration 2.7 Control Terminal Locations
See chapter 4.2 General Specifications for terminal ratings details.
Terminal |
Parameter |
Default |
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Description |
setting |
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Digital I/O, Pulse I/O, Encoder |
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24 V DC supply |
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voltage. |
12 |
– |
+24 V DC |
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Maximum |
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output current is |
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100 mA for all |
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24 V loads. |
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Parameter 5-10 Ter |
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18 |
minal 18 Digital |
[8] Start |
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Input |
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Digital inputs. |
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19 |
Parameter 5-11 Ter |
[10] |
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minal 19 Digital |
Reversing |
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Input |
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31 |
Parameter 5-16 Ter |
[0] No |
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Digital input |
minal 31 Digital |
operation |
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Input |
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32 |
Parameter 5-14 Ter |
[0] No |
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Digital input, 24 |
minal 32 Digital |
operation |
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V encoder. |
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Input |
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Terminal 33 can |
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Parameter 5-15 Ter |
[0] No |
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be used for |
33 |
minal 33 Digital |
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pulse input. |
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operation |
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Input |
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Parameter 5-12 Ter |
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minal 27 Digital |
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Selectable for |
27 |
Input |
DI [2] Coast |
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either digital |
Parameter 5-30 Ter |
inverse |
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input, digital |
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minal 27 Digital |
DO [0] No |
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output or pulse |
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Output |
operation |
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output. Default |
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setting is digital |
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Parameter 5-13 Ter |
DI [14] Jog |
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minal 29 Digital |
DO [0] No |
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input. |
29 |
Input |
operation |
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Terminal 29 can |
Parameter 5-31 Ter |
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be used for |
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minal 29 Digital |
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pulse input. |
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Output |
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Common for |
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digital inputs |
20 |
– |
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and 0 V |
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potential for 24 |
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V supply. |
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Analog inputs/outputs |
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Parameter 6-91 Ter |
[0] No |
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Programmable |
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analog output. |
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42 |
minal 42 Analog |
operation |
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The analog |
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Output |
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signal is 0–20 |
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mA or 4–20 mA |
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Parameter 6-71 Ter |
[0] No |
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at a maximum of |
45 |
minal 45 Analog |
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500 Ω. Can also |
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operation |
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Output |
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be con€gured as |
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digital outputs |
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18 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
|
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Terminal |
Parameter |
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Default |
Description |
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setting |
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10 V DC analog |
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supply voltage. |
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15 mA maximum |
50 |
– |
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+10 V DC |
commonly used |
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for potenti- |
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ometer or |
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thermistor. |
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53 |
6-1* parameter |
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Reference |
Analog input. |
group |
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Selectable for |
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54 |
6-2* parameter |
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Feedback |
voltage or |
group |
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current. |
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55 |
– |
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Common for |
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analog input |
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Serial communication |
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Integrated RC |
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Filter for shield. |
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ONLY for |
61 |
– |
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connecting the |
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screen when |
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experiencing |
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EMC problems. |
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8-3* parameter |
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RS485 interface. |
68 (+) |
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A control card |
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group |
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switch is |
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8-3* parameter |
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provided for |
69 (-) |
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termination |
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group |
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resistance. |
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Relays |
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Form C relay |
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output. These |
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[0] No |
relays are in |
01, 02, 03 |
5-40 [0] |
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various locations |
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operation |
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depending upon |
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the frequency |
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converter con€g- |
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uration and size. |
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Usable for AC or |
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DC voltage and |
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resistive or |
04, 05, 06 |
5-40 [1] |
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[0] No |
inductive loads. |
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operation |
RO2 in J1–J3 |
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enclosure is 2- |
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pole, only |
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terminals 04 and |
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05 are available |
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Table 2.2 Terminal Descriptions |
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Control terminal functions |
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Frequency converter functions are commanded by |
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receiving control input signals. |
2 |
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2 |
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• |
Program each terminal for the function it |
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supports in the parameters associated with that |
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terminal. |
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• |
Con€rm that the control terminal is programmed |
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for the correct function. See chapter Local Control |
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Panel and Programming in the quick guide for |
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details on accessing parameters and |
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programming. |
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• |
The default terminal programming initiates |
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frequency converter functioning in a typical |
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operational mode. |
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Using shielded control cables
The preferred method in most cases is to secure control and serial communication cables with shielding clamps provided at both ends to ensure the best possible high frequency cable contact.
If the ground potential between the frequency converter and the PLC is different, electric noise may occur that disturbs the entire system. Solve this problem by €tting an equalizing cable as close as possible to the control cable. Minimum cable cross section: 16 mm2 (6 AWG).
PLC |
|
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FC |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB922.12 |
PE |
PE |
<10 mm |
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PE |
PE |
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1 |
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2 |
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1Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)
2Equalizing cable
Illustration 2.8 Shielding Clamps at Both Ends
50/60 Hz ground loops
With very long control cables, ground loops may occur. To eliminate ground loops, connect 1 end of the screen-to- ground with a 100 nF capacitor (keeping leads short).
PE 100nF |
PE <10 mm |
FC |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB609.12 |
PLC |
|
|
Illustration 2.9 Connection with a 100 nF Capacitor
Avoid EMC noise on serial communication
This terminal is connected to ground via an internal RC link. Use twisted-pair cables to reduce interference between conductors. The recommended method is shown in Illustration 2.10.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
19 |
Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
|
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FC |
|
FC |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB923.12 |
|
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69 |
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69 |
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2 |
2 |
68 |
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68 |
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61 |
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61 |
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PE |
PE <10 mm |
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PE |
PE |
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1 |
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2 |
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1Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)
2Equalizing cable
Illustration 2.10 Twisted-pair Cables
Alternatively, the connection to terminal 61 can be omitted.
FC |
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FC |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB924.12 |
69 |
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68 |
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68 |
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69 |
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PE |
PE <10 mm |
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PE |
PE |
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1 |
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2 |
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1Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)
2Equalizing cable
Illustration 2.11 Twisted-pair Cables without Terminal 61
2.3 Control Structures
2.3.1 Control Principle
A frequency converter recti€es AC voltage from mains into DC voltage. Then the DC voltage is converted into an AC current with a variable amplitude and frequency.
The motor is supplied with variable voltage/current and frequency, enabling in€nitely variable speed control of 3- phased standard AC motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors.
2.3.2 Control Modes
The frequency converter is capable of controlling either the speed or the torque on the motor shaft. Setting
parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode determines the type of control.
Speed control
There are 2 types of speed control:
•Speed open-loop control, which does not require any feedback from the motor (sensorless).
•Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized speed-closed loop control has higher accuracy than a speed open-loop control.
Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source.
Torque control
The torque control function is used in applications where the torque on motor output shaft is controlling the application as tension control. Torque control can be selected in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode. Torque setting is done by setting an analog, digital, or bus controlled reference. When running torque control, it is recommended to run a full AMA procedure, because correct motor data is important in achieving optimal performance.
•Closed loop in VVC+ mode. This function is used in applications with low to medium dynamic variation of shaft, and offers excellent performance in all 4 quadrants and at all motor speeds. The speed feedback signal is mandatory. It is recommended to use MCB102 option card. Ensure the encoder resolution is at least 1024 PPR, and the shield cable of the encoder is well grounded, because the accuracy of the speed feedback signal is important. Tune
parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time to get the best speed feedback signal.
•Open loop in VVC+ mode. The function is used in mechanically robust applications, but the accuracy is limited. Open-loop torque function works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated on the basis of the internal current measurement in the frequency converter.
Speed/torque reference
The reference to these controls can be either a single reference or the sum of various references including relatively scaled references. Reference handling is explained in detail in chapter 2.4 Reference Handling.
20 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview Design Guide
2.3.3 FC 360 Control Principle
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 is a general-purpose frequency converter for variable speed applications. The control principle |
2 |
2 |
is based on Voltage Vector Control+. |
0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp)
FC 360 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) frequency converters can handle asynchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors up to 22 kW.
The current-sensing principle in FC 360 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) frequency converters is based on the current measurement by a resistor in the DC link. The ground fault protection and short-circuit behavior are handled by the same resistor.
Brake resistor
R+ |
R- |
Load sharing + 82 |
81 |
89(+) |
|
L1 91 |
|
L2 92 |
|
Inrush |
|
L3 93 |
|
RFI switch
Load sharing - 88(-)
<![endif]>130BD974.10
U 96 |
|
|
V 97 |
M |
|
W 98 |
||
|
Illustration 2.12 Control Diagram for FC 360 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp)
30–75 kW (40–100 hp)
FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) frequency converters can handle asynchronous motors only.
The current-sensing principle in FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) frequency converters is based on the current measurement in the motor phases.
The ground fault protection and short-circuit behavior on FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) frequency converters are handled by the 3 current transducers in the motor phases.
L1 91
L2 92
L3 93
Load sharing + 89(+)
|
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R inr |
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Inrush |
||
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88(-) Load sharing -
<![endif]>130BD975.10
U 96 |
|
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V 97 |
M |
|
W 98 |
||
|
P 14-50
Illustration 2.13 Control Diagram for FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp)
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
21 |
Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
2.3.4 Control Structure in VVC+
2 2
P 1-00
P 4-14 Con g. mode Motor speed
high limit (Hz) High
Ref.
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+ |
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Low |
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P 4-12 |
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S |
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Process |
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Motor speed |
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low limit (Hz) |
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P 7-20 Process feedback 1 source
P 7-22 Process feedback 2 source
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P 4-19 |
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<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BD371.10 |
P 1-00 |
|
Max. output freq. |
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Con g. mode |
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+f max. |
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P 3-** |
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Motor |
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controller |
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Ramp |
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-f max. |
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P 4-19 |
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Max. output freq. |
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P 7-0* |
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+f max. |
+ |
S |
Speed |
Motor |
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_ |
PID |
controller |
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-f max. |
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P 7-00 Speed PID |
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feedback source
Illustration 2.14 Control Structure in VVC+ Open-loop Con€gurations and Closed-loop Con€gurations
In the con€guration shown in Illustration 2.14, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [1] VVC+ and
parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [0] Speed open loop. The resulting reference from the reference handling system is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output of the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.
If parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop, the resulting reference is passed from the ramp limitation and speed limitation into a speed PID control. The speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting reference from the speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.
Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter groups 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and 7-3* Process PID Ctrl.
22 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
|
|
2.3.5Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode
The frequency converter features an integral current limit |
2 |
2 |
|
control. This feature is activated when the motor current, |
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|
|
and thus the torque, is higher than the torque limits set in |
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|
parameter 4-16 |
Torque Limit Motor Mode, |
|
|
parameter 4-17 |
Torque Limit Generator Mode, and |
|
|
parameter 4-18 |
Current Limit. |
|
|
When the frequency converter is at the current limit during motor operation or regenerative operation, the frequency converter tries to get below the preset torque limits as quickly as possible without losing control of the motor.
2.3.6Local [Hand On] and Remote [Auto On] Control
Operate the frequency converter manually via the local control panel (LCP) or remotely via analog/digital inputs or €eldbus.
Start and stop the frequency converter pressing the [Hand
On] and [Off/Reset] keys on the LCP. Set-up is required:
•Parameter 0-40 [Hand on] Key on LCP.
•Parameter 0-44 [Off/Reset] Key on LCP.
•Parameter 0-42 [Auto on] Key on LCP.
Reset alarms via the [Off/Reset] key or via a digital input, when the terminal is programmed to Reset.
Hand |
O |
Auto |
Reset |
|
On |
On |
|||
|
|
<![endif]>e30bp046.12
Illustration 2.15 LCP Control Keys
Local reference forces the con€guration mode to open loop, independent of the setting in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode.
Local reference is restored at power-down.
MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
23 |
Product Overview VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360
2.4 Reference Handling
2 2 Local reference
The local reference is active when the frequency converter is operated with [Hand On] active. Adjust the reference by [▲]/[▼] and [◄/[►].
Remote reference
The reference handling system for calculating the remote reference is shown in Illustration 2.16.
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>3-18 |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>scaling ref. |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Relative |
<![endif]>Preset ref.
<![if ! IE]><![endif]>P 3-10
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P 3-15 |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ref.resource 1 |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P 3-16 |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>resource 2 |
|
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ref. |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P 3-17 |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>resource 3 |
|
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ref. |
No function
Analog ref.
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref.
DigiPot
P 3-14
Preset relative ref.
(0)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
No function
Analog ref.
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref.
DigiPot
No function
Analog ref.
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref.
DigiPot
No function
Analog ref.
Pulse ref.
Local bus ref.
DigiPot
<![endif]>130BD374.10
P 3-04
(0)
(1)
D1
P 5-1x(15)
Preset '1'
External '0'
200% |
-200%
P 3-00 |
P 1-00 |
Ref./feedback range |
Con guration mode |
P 5-1x(19)/P 5-1x(20) |
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Speed |
Freeze ref./Freeze output |
open/closed loop |
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P 5-1x(28)/P 5-1x(29) |
-max ref./ |
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+max ref. |
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Input command: |
100% |
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Catch up/ slow down |
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-100% |
Y |
Relative |
Catch up/ |
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X |
X+X*Y |
slow |
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/100 |
down |
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max ref. |
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P 3-12 |
% |
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Catchup Slowdown |
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value |
% |
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min ref. |
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±100% |
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Freeze ref. |
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& |
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increase/ |
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decrease |
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ref. |
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P 5-1x(21)/P 5-1x(22) |
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Speed up/ speed down |
P 16-02
Ref. in %
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Scale to |
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Hz |
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Torque |
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P 16-01 |
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Remote |
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Scale to |
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ref. |
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Nm |
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Process |
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Scale to |
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process |
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unit |
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Illustration 2.16 Remote Reference
24 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
The remote reference is calculated once in every scan interval and initially consists of 2 types of reference inputs:
1.X (the external reference): A sum (see parameter 3-04 Reference Function) of up to 4 externally selected references, comprising any combination (determined by the setting of parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Source,
parameter 3-16 Reference 2 Source, and parameter 3-17 Reference 3 Source) of a €xed
preset reference (parameter 3-10 Preset Reference), variable analog references, variable digital pulse references, and various €eldbus references in any unit the frequency converter is monitoring ([Hz], [RPM], [Nm], and so on).
2.Y (the relative reference): A sum of 1 €xed preset reference (parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference) and 1 variable analog reference
(parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource) in [%].
The 2 types of reference inputs are combined in the following formula:
Remote reference=X+X*Y/100%.
If relative reference is not used, set parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource to [0] No function and parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference to 0%. The digital inputs on the frequency converter can activate both the catch up/slow down function and the freeze reference function. The functions and parameters are described in the VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Programming Guide.
The scaling of analog references is described in parameter groups 6-1* Analog Input 53 and 6-2* Analog Input 54, and the scaling of digital pulse references is described in parameter group 5-5* Pulse Input.
Reference limits and ranges are set in parameter group 3-0* Reference Limits.
2.4.1 Reference Limits
Parameter 3-00 Reference Range, parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference, and parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference de€ne the allowed range of the sum of all references. The sum of all references is clamped when necessary. The relation between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are shown in Illustration 2.17 and
Illustration 2.18.
P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min-Max |
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA184.10 |
|||||
Resulting reference |
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P 3-03 |
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Forward |
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P 3-02 |
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Sum of all |
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references |
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-P 3-02 |
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Reverse |
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-P 3-03 |
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Illustration 2.17 Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 0
P 3-00 Reference Range =[1]-Max-Max
Resulting reference
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P 3-03
Sum of all references
-P 3-03
Illustration 2.18 Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 1
The value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference cannot be set to less than 0, unless parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [3] Process. In that case, the following relations between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are as shown in
Illustration 2.19.
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MG06B502 |
Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
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Product Overview |
VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 |
P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min to Max
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Resulting reference |
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P 3-03 |
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2.4.3Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback
References and feedback are scaled from analog and pulse inputs in the same way. The only difference is that a reference above or below the speci€ed minimum and maximum endpoints (P1 and P2 in Illustration 2.20) are clamped while a feedback above or below is not.
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High reference/ |
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feedback value 50 |
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Illustration 2.19 Sum of All References When Minimum Reference is Set to a Minus Value
2.4.2Scaling of Preset References and Bus References
Preset references are scaled according to the following rules:
•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0] Min–Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit] where unit can be any unit, for example RPM, m/s, and bar.
100% reference equals the maximum (absolute value of parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, absolute value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference).
•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit], and 100% reference equals maximum reference.
Bus references are scaled according to the following rules:
•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0] Min–Max, 0% reference equals minimum reference and 100% reference equals maximum reference.
•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, -100% reference equals -maximum reference, and 100% reference equals maximum reference.
Low reference/ |
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Terminal X high
Illustration 2.20 Minimum and Maximum Endpoints
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Danfoss A/S © 03/2019 All rights reserved. |
MG06B502 |
Product Overview |
Design Guide |
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The endpoints P1 and P2 are de€ned in Table 2.3 depending on choice of input.
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Input |
Analog 53 |
Analog 53 |
Analog 54 |
Analog 54 |
Pulse input 29 |
Pulse input 33 |
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voltage mode |
current mode |
voltage mode |
current mode |
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P1=(Minimum input value, Minimum reference value) |
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Minimum reference value |
Parameter 6-14 |
Parameter 6-14 T |
Parameter 6-24 |
Parameter 6-24 T |
Parameter 5-52 |
Parameter 5-57 Term. |
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Terminal 53 |
erminal 53 Low |
Terminal 54 |
erminal 54 Low |
Term. 29 Low |
33 Low Ref./Feedb. |
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Low Ref./Feedb. |
Ref./Feedb. Value |
Low Ref./Feedb. |
Ref./Feedb. Value |
Ref./Feedb. Value |
Value |
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Value |
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Minimum input value |
Parameter 6-10 |
Parameter 6-12 T |
Parameter 6-20 |
Parameter 6-22 T |
Parameter 5-50 |
Parameter 5-55 Term. |
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Terminal 53 |
erminal 53 Low |
Terminal 54 |
erminal 54 Low |
Term. 29 Low |
33 Low Frequency |
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Low Voltage |
Current [mA] |
Low Voltage |
Current [mA] |
Frequency [Hz] |
[Hz] |
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P2=(Maximum input value, Maximum reference value) |
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Maximum reference value |
Parameter 6-15 |
Parameter 6-15 T |
Parameter 6-25 |
Parameter 6-25 T |
Parameter 5-53 |
Parameter 5-58 Term. |
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Terminal 53 |
erminal 53 High |
Terminal 54 |
erminal 54 High |
Term. 29 High |
33 High Ref./Feedb. |
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High Ref./ |
Ref./Feedb. Value |
High Ref./ |
Ref./Feedb. Value |
Ref./Feedb. Value |
Value |
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Feedb. Value |
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Feedb. Value |
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Maximum input value |
Parameter 6-11 |
Parameter 6-13 T |
Parameter 6-21 |
Parameter 6-23 T |
Parameter 5-51 |
Parameter 5-56 Term. |
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Terminal 53 |
erminal 53 High |
Terminal 54 |
erminal 54 High |
Term. 29 High |
33 High Frequency |
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High Voltage |
Current [mA] |
High |
Current [mA] |
Frequency [Hz] |
[Hz] |
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Voltage[V] |
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Table 2.3 P1 and P2 Endpoints
2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero
Sometimes, the reference (in rare cases also the feedback) should have a dead band around 0 to ensure that the machine is stopped when the reference is near 0.
To make the dead band active and to set the amount of dead band, do the following:
•Set either the minimum reference value (see Table 2.3 for relevant parameter) or maximum reference value at 0. In other words, either P1 or P2 must be on the X-axis in Illustration 2.21.
•Ensure that both points de€ning the scaling graph are in the same quadrant.
P1 or P2 de€nes the size of the dead band as shown in
Illustration 2.21.
Quadrant 2 |
Resource output |
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[Hz] or “No unit” |
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High reference/feedback 50 |
P2 |
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value |
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forward |
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P1 |
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Resource input |
Low reference/feedback |
0 |
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20 [mA] |
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value |
1 |
16 |
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Terminal |
Terminal X high |
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low |
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-50 |
reverse |
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Quadrant 3 |
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Quadrant 4 |
Illustration 2.21 Size of Dead Band
MG06B502 |
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