Danfoss FC 360 Design guide

ENGINEERING TOMORROW

Design Guide

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

vlt-drives.danfoss.com

Contents	Design Guide

Contents

1 Introduction	5
1.1 How to Read This Design Guide	5
1.2 De€nitions	6
1.3 Safety Precautions	9
1.4 Disposal Instruction	11
1.5 Document and Software Version	11
1.6 Approvals and Certi€cations	11
2 Product Overview	12
2.1 Enclosure Size Overview	12
2.2 Electrical Installation	13
2.2.1 Grounding Requirements	16
2.2.2 Control Wiring	18
2.3 Control Structures	20
2.3.1 Control Principle	20
2.3.2 Control Modes	20
2.3.3 FC 360 Control Principle	21
2.3.4 Control Structure in VVC+	22
2.3.5 Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode	23
2.3.6 Local [Hand On] and Remote [Auto On] Control	23
2.4 Reference Handling	24
2.4.1 Reference Limits	25
2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References	26
2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback	26
2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero	27
2.5 PID Control	30
2.5.1 Speed PID Control	30
2.5.2 Process PID Control	33
2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters	34
2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control	35
2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization	38
2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method	38
2.6 EMC Emission and Immunity	39
2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission	39
2.6.2 EMC Emission Requirements	40
2.6.3 EMC Immunity Requirements	40
2.7 Galvanic Isolation	42
2.8 Earth Leakage Current	42
2.9 Brake Functions	43

MG06B502

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1

Contents

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake	43
2.9.2 Dynamic Braking	44
2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection	44
2.10 Smart Logic Controller	45
2.11 Extreme Running Conditions	46

3 Type Code and Selection	48
3.1 Ordering	48
3.2 Ordering Numbers: Options, Accessories, and Spare Parts	49
3.3 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors	50
3.3.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10%	50
3.3.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40%	51
4 Speci€cations	52
4.1 Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC	52
4.2 General Speci€cations	55
4.3 Fuses	59
4.4 Efficiency	60
4.5 Acoustic Noise	60
4.6 dU/dt Conditions	60
4.7 Special Conditions	62
4.7.1 Manual Derating	62
4.7.2 Automatic Derating	64
4.8 Enclosure Sizes, Power Ratings, and Dimensions	65
5 RS485 Installation and Set-up	67
5.1 Introduction	67
5.1.1 Overview	67
5.1.2 Network Connection	68
5.1.3 Hardware Set-up	68
5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication	68
5.1.5 EMC Precautions	69
5.2 FC Protocol	69
5.2.1 Overview	69
5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU	69
5.3 Network Con€guration	69
5.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure	70
5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)	70
5.4.2 Telegram Structure	70
5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)	70
5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR)	70

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MG06B502

Contents	Design Guide

5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)	70
5.4.6 The Data Field	70
5.4.7 The PKE Field	71
5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU)	71
5.4.9 Index (IND)	71
5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE)	71
5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter	72
5.4.12 Conversion	72
5.4.13 Process Words (PCD)	72
5.5 Examples	72
5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value	72
5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value	73
5.6 Modbus RTU	73
5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge	73
5.6.2 Overview	73
5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU	74
5.7 Network Con€guration	74
5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure	74
5.8.1 Introduction	74
5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure	74
5.8.3 Start/Stop Field	75
5.8.4 Address Field	75
5.8.5 Function Field	75
5.8.6 Data Field	75
5.8.7 CRC Check Field	75
5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing	75
5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter	78
5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU	78
5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes	78
5.9 How to Access Parameters	79
5.9.1 Parameter Handling	79
5.9.2 Storage of Data	79
5.9.3 IND (Index)	79
5.9.4 Text Blocks	79
5.9.5 Conversion Factor	79
5.9.6 Parameter Values	79
5.10 Examples	79
5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex)	79
5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex)	80
5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex)	80

MG06B502

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Contents

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex)	81
5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex)	81
5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex)	82
5.11 Danfoss FC Control Pro€le	82
5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Pro€le (8-10 Protocol = FC Pro€le)	82
5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Pro€le (STW)	84
5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value	85

6 Application Examples	86
6.1 Introduction	86
Index	90

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MG06B502

Introduction Design Guide

1 Introduction	1	1

1.1 How to Read This Design Guide

This design guide provides information on how to select, commission, and order a frequency converter. It provides information about mechanical and electrical installation.

The design guide is intended for use by quali€ed personnel.

Read and follow the design guide to use the frequency converter safely and professionally, and pay particular attention to the safety instructions and general warnings.

VLT® is a registered trademark.

•VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Quick Guide provides the necessary information for getting the frequency converter up and running.

•VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Programming Guide provides information on how to program and includes complete parameter descriptions.

FC 360 technical literature is also available online at www.danfoss.com/fc360.

The following symbols are used in this manual:

WARNING

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices.

NOTICE

Indicates important information, including situations that may result in damage to equipment or property.

The following conventions are used in this manual:

•Numbered lists indicate procedures.

•Bullet lists indicate other information and description of illustrations.

•Italicized text indicates:

-Cross-reference.

-Link.

-Footnote.

-Parameter name.

-Parameter group name.

-Parameter option.

•All dimensions in drawings are in mm (inch).

MG06B502

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5

Introduction

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

1	1		1.1.1 Abbreviations
			Alternating current	AC
			American wire gauge	AWG
			Ampere/AMP	A
			Automatic motor adaptation	AMA
			Current limit	ILIM
			Degrees Celsius	°C
			Direct current	DC
			Drive dependent	D-TYPE
			Electromagnetic compatibility	EMC
			Electronic thermal relay	ETR
			Gram	g
			Hertz	Hz
			Horsepower	hp
			Kilohertz	kHz
			Local control panel	LCP
			Meter	m
			Millihenry inductance	mH
			Milliampere	mA
			Millisecond	ms
			Minute	min
			Motion control tool	MCT
			Nanofarad	nF
			Newton meter	Nm
			Nominal motor current	IM,N
			Nominal motor frequency	fM,N
			Nominal motor power	PM,N
			Nominal motor voltage	UM,N
			Permanent magnet motor	PM motor
			Protective extra low voltage	PELV
			Printed circuit board	PCB
			Rated inverter output current	IINV
			Revolutions per minute	RPM
			Regenerative terminals	Regen
			Second	s
			Synchronous motor speed	ns
			Torque limit	TLIM
			Volts	V
			Maximum output current	IVLT,MAX
			Rated output current supplied by the	IVLT,N
			frequency converter

1.2 De€nitions

1.2.1 Frequency Converter

Coast

The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.

IVLT,MAX

Maximum output current.

IVLT,N

Rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.

UVLT,MAX

Maximum output voltage.

1.2.2 Input

Control commands

Start and stop the connected motor with the LCP and digital inputs.

Functions are divided into 2 groups.

Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in group 2.

Group 1 Precise stop, coast stop, precise stop and coast stop, quick stop, DC braking, stop, and [OFF].

Group 2 Start, pulse start, start reversing, jog, freeze output, and [Hand On].

Table 1.1 Function Groups

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MG06B502

Introduction

Design Guide

1.2.3 Motor

Motor running

Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from 0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.

fJOG

Motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via digital terminals or bus).

fM

Motor frequency.

fMAX

Maximum motor frequency.

fMIN

Minimum motor frequency.

fM,N

Rated motor frequency (nameplate data).

IM

Motor current (actual).

IM,N

Nominal motor current (nameplate data).

nM,N

Nominal motor speed (nameplate data).

ns

Synchronous motor speed.

ns	= 2 ×	Parameter 1 23		× 60	s
		Parameter 1
			39

nslip

Motor slip.

PM,N

Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp).

TM,N

Rated torque (motor).

UM

Instantaneous motor voltage.

UM,N

Rated motor voltage (nameplate data).

	Break-away torque					1	1
	Torque
			Pull-out	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>175ZA078.10

RPM

Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque

ηVLT

The efficiency of the frequency converter is de€ned as the ratio between the power output and the power input.

Start-disable command

A start-disable command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.

Stop command

A stop command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.

1.2.4 References

Analog reference

A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54 can be voltage or current.

Binary reference

A signal transmitted via the serial communication port.

Preset reference

A de€ned preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via the digital terminals. Selection of 4 preset references via the bus.

Pulse reference

A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs (terminal 29 or 33).

RefMAX

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the resulting reference. The maximum reference value is set in parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.

RefMIN

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The minimum reference value is set in

parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.

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Introduction

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

1	1	1.2.5 Miscellaneous

Analog inputs

The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.

There are 2 types of analog inputs:

•Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA.

•Voltage input: 0–10 V DC.

Analog outputs

The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA or 4– 20 mA.

Automatic motor adaptation, AMA

The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill.

Brake resistor

The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the brake power generated in regenerative braking. This regenerative brake power increases the DC-link voltage and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted to the brake resistor.

CT characteristics

Constant torque characteristics used for all applications such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.

Digital inputs

The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.

Digital outputs

The frequency converter features 2 solid-state outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.

ETR

Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature.

FC standard bus

Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Initializing

If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation Mode or 2-€nger reset), the frequency converter returns to the default setting.

Intermittent duty cycle

An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an off-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or nonperiodic duty.

LCP

The local control panel makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The LCP is detachable. With the installation kit option, the LCP can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the frequency converter in a front panel.

GLCP

The graphic local control panel (LCP 102) interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The display is graphic and the panel is used to show process values. The GLCP has storing and copy functions.

NLCP

The numerical local control panel (LCP 21) interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The display is numerical and the panel is used to show process values. The NLCP has storing and copy functions.

lsb

Least signi€cant bit.

msb

Most signi€cant bit.

MCM

Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2.

On-line/oƒ-line parameters

Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. To activate changes to offline parameters, press [OK].

Process PID

The PID control maintains speed, pressure, and temperature by adjusting the output frequency to match the varying load.

PCD

Process control data.

Power cycle

Switch off the mains until the display (LCP) is dark, then turn power on again.

Power factor

The power factor is the relation between I1 and IRMS.

Power factor

3

x U x I

1

cos

ϕ1

x U x IRMS

For VLT

® AutomationDrive=

FC 360 frequency converters,

3

cosϕ1 = 1, therefore:

Power factor

I

1

x cos

ϕ1

I

1

IRMS

IRMS

The power

factor indicates to which extent the frequency

=

=

converter imposes a load on the mains supply.

The lower the power factor, the higher the IRMS for the

same kW performance.

2

RMS

2

2

2

I

=

I

1 +

I

5

+

I

7

+ .. +

In

In

addition, a high power factor indicates that the different harmonic currents are low.

The built-in DC coils produce a high power factor, minimizing the imposed load on the mains supply.

Pulse input/incremental encoder

An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back information on motor speed. The encoder is used in applications where great accuracy in speed control is required.

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MG06B502

Introduction	Design Guide

RCD

Residual current device.

Set-up

60° AVM

1 1

Refers to the switching pattern 60° asynchronous vector modulation.

Save parameter settings in 2 set-ups. Change between the 2 parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while another set-up is active.

SFAVM

Acronym describing the switching pattern stator fluxoriented asynchronous vector modulation.

Slip compensation

The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost constant.

1.3 Safety Precautions

WARNING

The voltage of the frequency converter is dangerous whenever connected to mains. Incorrect installation of the motor, frequency converter or €eldbus may cause death, serious personal injury or damage to the equipment. Consequently, the instructions in this manual, as well as national and local rules and safety regulations, must be complied with.

Smart logic control (SLC)

The SLC is a sequence of user-de€ned actions executed when the smart logic controller evaluates the associated user-de€ned events as true (parameter group 13-** Smart Logic Control).

STW

Status word.

THD

Total harmonic distortion states the total contribution of harmonic distortion.

Thermistor

A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is monitored (frequency converter or motor).

Trip

A state entered in fault situations, for example if the frequency converter is subject to overvoltage or when it is protecting the motor, process, or mechanism. Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared, and the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety.

Trip lock

Trip lock is a state entered in fault situations when the frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring physical intervention., An example causing a trip lock is the frequency converter being subject to a short circuit on the output. A locked trip can only be canceled by cutting off mains, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart is prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety.

VT characteristics

Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.

VVC+

If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, voltage vector control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.

Safety Regulations

1.Always disconnect mains supply to the frequency converter before carrying out repair work. Check that the mains supply has been disconnected and observe the discharge time stated in Table 1.2 before removing motor and mains supply.

2.[Off/Reset] on the LCP does not disconnect the mains supply and must not be used as a safety switch.

3.Ground the equipment properly, protect the user against supply voltage, and protect the motor against overload in accordance with applicable national and local regulations.

4.Protection against motor overload is not included in the factory setting. If this function is desired, set parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal Protection to [4] ETR trip 1 or [3] ETR warning 1.

5.The frequency converter has more voltage sources than L1, L2 and L3, when load sharing (linking of DC intermediate circuit). Check that all voltage sources have been disconnected and that the necessary time has elapsed before commencing repair work.

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9

Introduction

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

1	1	Warning against unintended start
		1.	The motor can be stopped with digital
			commands, bus commands, references or a local
			stop, while the frequency converter is connected
			to mains. If personal safety considerations (e.g.
			risk of personal injury caused by contact with
			moving parts following an unintentional start)
			make it necessary to ensure that no unintended
			start occurs, these stop functions are not
			sufficient. In such cases, disconnect the mains
			supply.
		2.	The motor may start while setting the
			parameters. If this means that personal safety
			may be compromised, motor starting must be
			prevented, for instance by secure disconnection
			of the motor connection.
		3.	A motor that has been stopped with the mains
			supply connected, may start if faults occur in the
			electronics of the frequency converter, through
			temporary overload or if a fault in the power
			supply grid or motor connection is remedied. If
			unintended start must be prevented for personal
			safety reasons, the normal stop functions of the
			frequency converter are not sufficient. In such
			cases, disconnect the mains supply.
		4.	In rare cases, control signals from, or internally
			within, the frequency converter may be activated
			in error, be delayed, or fail to occur entirely.
			When used in situations where safety is critical,
			e.g. when controlling the electromagnetic brake
			function of a hoist application, do not rely on
			these control signals exclusively.

WARNING

HIGH VOLTAGE

Touching the electrical parts may be fatal even after the equipment has been disconnected from mains.

Make sure that all voltage inputs have been disconnected, including load sharing (linkage of DC intermediate circuit), as well as motor connection for kinetic back up.

Systems where frequency converters are installed must, if necessary, be equipped with additional monitoring and protective devices according to valid safety regulations, such as laws on mechanical tools, regulations for the prevention of accidents, etc. Modi€cations to the frequency converters via the operating software are allowed.

NOTICE

Hazardous situations shall be identi€ed by the machine builder/integrator responsible for considering necessary preventive means. Additional monitoring and protective devices may be included, always according to valid national safety regulations, such as laws on mechanical tools and regulations for the prevention of accidents.

WARNING

DISCHARGE TIME

The frequency converter contains DC-link capacitors, which can remain charged even when the frequency converter is not powered. High voltage can be present even when the warning LED indicator lights are oƒ. Failure to wait the speci€ed time after power has been removed before performing service or repair work can result in death or serious injury.

•Stop the motor.

•Disconnect AC mains and remote DC-link power supplies, including battery back-ups, UPS, and DC-link connections to other frequency converters.

•Disconnect or lock PM motor.

•Wait for the capacitors to discharge fully. The minimum waiting time is speci€ed in Table 1.2 and is also visible on the product label on top of the frequency converter.

•Before performing any service or repair work, use an appropriate voltage measuring device to make sure that the capacitors are fully discharged.

	Voltage	Power range	Minimum waiting
			time
	[V]	[kW (hp)]
			(minutes)
	380–480	0.37–7.5 kW	4
		(0.5–10 hp)
	380–480	11–75 kW	15
		(15–100 hp)
	Table 1.2 Discharge Time

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MG06B502

Introduction	Design Guide
1.4 Disposal Instruction	1.6.2 Low Voltage Directive		1	1

Equipment containing electrical components may not be disposed of together with domestic waste.

It must be collected separately with electrical and electronic waste according to local and currently valid legislation.

1.5 Document and Software Version

This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome.

Edition	Remarks	Software version
MG06B5xx	Update due to new	1.8x
	hardware and software
	release.

1.6 Approvals and Certi€cations

Frequency converters are designed in compliance with the directives described in this section.

For more information on approvals and certi€cates, go to the download area at www.danfoss.com/fc360.

1.6.1 CE Mark

The CE mark (Conformité Européenne) indicates that the product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU directives.

The EU directives applicable to the design and manufacture of drives are:

•The Low Voltage Directive.

•The EMC Directive.

•The Machinery Directive (for units with an integrated safety function).

The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU. The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product. Technical speci€cations cannot be deduced from the CE mark.

Drives are classi€ed as electronic components and must be CE-labeled in accordance with the Low Voltage Directive. The directive applies to all electrical equipment in the 50– 1000 V AC and the 75–1500 V DC voltage ranges.

The directive mandates that the equipment design must ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.

Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity upon request.

1.6.3 EMC Directive

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electromagnetic interference between pieces of equipment does not hinder their performance. The basic protection requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or whose operation could be affected by EMI must be designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.

A drive can be used as stand-alone device or as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of these cases must bear the CE mark. Systems must not be CE-marked but must comply with the basic protection requirements of the EMC directive.

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11

Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

2 Product Overview

2 2

2.1 Enclosure Size Overview

Enclosure size depends on power range.

	Enclosure size	J1	J2	J3	J4
		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA870.10	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA809.10	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA810.10	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA810.10
	Enclosure	IP20	IP20	IP20	IP20
	protection
	High overload
	rated power -	0.37–2.2 kW/0.5–3 hp	3.0–5.5 kW/4.0–7.5 hp		11–15 kW/15–20 hp
	maximum			7.5 kW/10 hp (380–480 V)
		(380–480 V)	(380–480 V)		(380–480 V)
	160%
	overload1)
	Enclosure size	J5	J6	J7
		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA810.10	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA826.10	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA826.10
	Enclosure	IP20	IP20	IP20
	protection
	High overload
	rated power -	18.5–22 kW/25–30 hp	30–45 kW/40–60 hp	55–75 kW/75–100 hp
	maximum
		(380–480 V)	(380–480 V)	(380–480 V)
	160%
	overload1)

Table 2.1 Enclosure Sizes

1) Sizes 11–75 kW (15–100 hp) normal overload type: 110% overload 1 minute. Sizes 0.37–7.5 kW (0.5–10 hp) high overload type: 160% overload 1 minute. Sizes 11–22 kW (15–30 hp) high overload type: 150% overload 1 minute.

Sizes 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) high overload type: 150% overload 1 minute.

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MG06B502

Product Overview	Design Guide

2.2 Electrical Installation

This section describes how to wire the frequency converter.

	RFI		3)
3 phase	91	(L1)					(U) 96
	92	(L2)					(V) 97
power
	93	(L3)					(W) 98
input
	95	PE					(PE) 99
								Motor
			Switch mode				(-UDC) 88
			power supply			1)
			10 V DC		24 V DC		(+UDC) 89	Brake
			15 mA		100 mA			resistor
	50	(+10 V OUT)	+ -	+	-
+10 V DC							(BR) 81 5)

0-10 V DC	53	(A IN)
0/4-20 mA
0-10 V DC	54	(A IN)
0/4-20 mA
	55	(COM A IN/OUT)					Relay 1
								03
								02	250 V AC, 3 A
Analog	42 (A OUT)
output								01
0/4-20 mA
	45 (A OUT)
	12	(+24 V OUT)					Relay 2	2)
				P 5-00				06	250 V AC, 3 A
				24 V (NPN)				05
	18	(D IN)
				0 V (PNP)
				24 V (NPN)				04
	19	(D IN)
				0 V (PNP)
	20	(COM D IN)			4)
				24 V (NPN)			ON=Terminated
	27	(D IN/OUT)			<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>2 1	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ON
			24 V	0 V (PNP)			OFF=Open
						5V

	0 V
29	(D IN/OUT)
	24 V
	0 V

31 (D IN)

32 (D IN)

33 (D IN)

24 V (NPN)
0 V (PNP)		S801	0V
	RS485	(N RS485)	69	RS485
	Interface
24 V (NPN)		(P RS485)	68
0 V (PNP)	0 V	(COM RS485) 61
24 V (NPN)
0 V (PNP)				(PNP) = Source
24 V (NPN)				(NPN) = Sink
0 V (PNP)

Illustration 2.1 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing

2 2

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BC438.19

A=Analog, D=Digital

1)Built-in brake chopper available from J1–J5.

2)Relay 2 is 2-pole for J1–J3 and 3-pole for J4–J7. Relay 2 of J4–J7 with terminals 4, 5, and 6 has same NO/NC logic as relay 1. Relays are pluggable in J1–J5 and fixed in J6–J7.

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13

Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

3)Single DC choke in J1–J5; dual DC choke in J6–J7.

4)Switch S801 (bus terminal) can be used to enable termination on the RS485 port (terminals 68 and 69).

2	2	5) No BR for J6–J7.

14

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Product Overview	Design Guide

1
2
3
4
L1
L2
L3
PE
5

			6	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>e30bf228.11
			7		2	2
			8
			9
			10
			11
			12
		90
			13
			14
			15
4		u
			16
		v
	4	w
		PE
			17
			18

1	PLC	10	Mains cable (unshielded)
2	Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG) equalizing cable	11	Output contactor, and more.
3	Control cables	12	Cable insulation stripped
4	Minimum 200 mm (7.87 in) between control cables, motor	13	Common ground busbar. Follow local and national
	cables, and mains cables.		requirements for cabinet grounding.
5	Mains supply	14	Brake resistor
6	Bare (unpainted) surface	15	Metal box
7	Star washers	16	Connection to motor
8	Brake cable (shielded)	17	Motor
9	Motor cable (shielded)	18	EMC cable gland

Illustration 2.2 Typical Electrical Connection

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Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

WARNING

EQUIPMENT HAZARD

2 2 Rotating shafts and electrical equipment can be hazardous. It is important to protect against electrical hazards when applying power to the unit. All electrical work must conform to national and local electrical codes. Installation, start up, and maintenance must be performed only by trained and quali€ed personnel. Failure to follow these guidelines could result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

WIRING ISOLATION

Run input power, motor wiring, and control wiring in 3 separate metallic conduits, or use separated shielded cables for high-frequency noise isolation. Failure to isolate power, motor, and control wiring could result in less than optimum frequency converter and associated equipment performance.

Run motor cables from multiple frequency converters separately. Induced voltage from output motor cables run together can charge equipment capacitors even with the equipment turned oƒ and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately or use shielded cables could result in death or serious injury.

•Run output motor cables separately.

•Use shielded cables.

•Lock out all frequency converters simultaneously.

Wire type and ratings

•All wiring must comply with local and national regulations regarding cross-section and ambient temperature requirements.

•Danfoss recommends that all power connections are made with a minimum 75 °C (167 °F) rated copper wire.

•See chapter 4 Specifications for recommended wire sizes.

2.2.1 Grounding Requirements

WARNING

GROUNDING HAZARD!

For operator safety, a certi€ed electrical installer should ground the frequency converter in accordance with national and local electrical codes as well as instructions contained within this manual. Ground currents are higher than 3.5 mA. Failure to ground the frequency converter properly could result in death or serious injury.

•Establish proper protective grounding for equipment with ground currents higher than 3.5 mA. See chapter 2.8 Earth Leakage Current for details.

•A dedicated ground wire is required for input power, motor power, and control wiring.

•Use the clamps provided with the equipment for proper ground connections.

•Do not ground 1 frequency converter to another in a “daisy chain” fashion (see Illustration 2.3).

•Keep the ground wire connections as short as possible.

•Use high-strand wire to reduce electrical noise.

•Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BC500.10

	FC 1			FC 2			FC 3

PE

	FC 1			FC 2			FC 3

PE

Illustration 2.3 Grounding Principle

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Product Overview

Design Guide

WARNING

INDUCED VOLTAGE

Run output motor cables from multiple frequency converters separately. Induced voltage from output motor cables run together can charge equipment capacitors even when the equipment is turned oƒ and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately could result in death or serious injury.

Grounding clamps are provided for motor wiring (see

Illustration 2.4).

•Do not install power factor correction capacitors between the frequency converter and the motor.

•Do not wire a starting or pole-changing device between the frequency converter and the motor.

•Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.

•All frequency converters must be used with an isolated input source and with ground reference power lines. When supplied from an isolated mains source (IT mains or floating delta) or TT/TN-S mains with a grounded leg (grounded delta), set parameter 14-50 RFI Filter to OFF (enclosure sizes J6–J7) or remove the RFI screw (enclosure sizes J1–J5). When off, the internal RFI €lter capacitors between the chassis and the intermediate circuit are isolated to avoid damage to the intermediate circuit and reduce ground capacity currents in accordance with IEC 61800-3.

•Do not install a switch between the frequency converter and the motor in IT mains.

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BC501.10	2	2
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>04 05
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>01 02 03

Illustration 2.4 Mains, Motor, and Ground Connections for

Enclosure Sizes J1–J5 (Taking J2 as an Example)

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BD648.11

Illustration 2.5 Mains, Motor, and Ground Connections for

Enclosure Sizes J6–J7 (Taking J7 as an Example)

Illustration 2.4 shows mains input, motor, and grounding for enclosure sizes J1–J5. Illustration 2.5 shows mains input, motor, and grounding for enclosure sizes J6–J7. Actual con€gurations vary with unit types and optional equipment.

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Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

2.2.2 Control Wiring

2	2	Access
		•	Remove the cover plate with a screwdriver. See
			Illustration 2.6.

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BC504.11

Illustration 2.6 Control Wiring Access for Enclosure Sizes J1–J7

Control Terminal Types

Illustration 2.7 shows the frequency converter control terminals. Terminal functions and default settings are summarized in Table 2.2.

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BC505.12

12	18	19
			27
				29
					31
						32
							33
								20
									50
										53
											54
												55

42	45

Illustration 2.7 Control Terminal Locations

See chapter 4.2 General Specifications for terminal ratings details.

Terminal	Parameter	Default		Description
		setting
	Digital I/O, Pulse I/O, Encoder
				24 V DC supply
				voltage.
12	–	+24 V DC		Maximum
				output current is
				100 mA for all
				24 V loads.
	Parameter 5-10 Ter
18	minal 18 Digital	[8] Start
	Input			Digital inputs.
19	Parameter 5-11 Ter	[10]
	minal 19 Digital	Reversing
	Input
31	Parameter 5-16 Ter	[0] No		Digital input
	minal 31 Digital	operation
	Input
32	Parameter 5-14 Ter	[0] No		Digital input, 24
	minal 32 Digital	operation		V encoder.
	Input
				Terminal 33 can
	Parameter 5-15 Ter	[0] No		be used for
33	minal 33 Digital
				pulse input.
		operation
	Input
	Parameter 5-12 Ter
	minal 27 Digital			Selectable for
27	Input	DI [2] Coast		either digital
	Parameter 5-30 Ter	inverse		input, digital
	minal 27 Digital	DO [0] No		output or pulse
	Output	operation		output. Default
				setting is digital
	Parameter 5-13 Ter	DI [14] Jog
	minal 29 Digital	DO [0] No		input.
29	Input	operation		Terminal 29 can
	Parameter 5-31 Ter			be used for
	minal 29 Digital			pulse input.
	Output
				Common for
				digital inputs
20	–			and 0 V
				potential for 24
				V supply.
	Analog inputs/outputs
	Parameter 6-91 Ter	[0] No		Programmable
				analog output.
42	minal 42 Analog	operation
				The analog
	Output
				signal is 0–20
				mA or 4–20 mA
	Parameter 6-71 Ter	[0] No		at a maximum of
45	minal 45 Analog			500 Ω. Can also
		operation
	Output			be con€gured as
				digital outputs

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Terminal	Parameter		Default	Description
			setting
				10 V DC analog
				supply voltage.
				15 mA maximum
50	–		+10 V DC	commonly used
				for potenti-
				ometer or
				thermistor.
53	6-1* parameter		Reference	Analog input.
	group
				Selectable for
54	6-2* parameter		Feedback	voltage or
	group			current.
55	–			Common for
				analog input
	Serial communication
				Integrated RC
				Filter for shield.
				ONLY for
61	–			connecting the
				screen when
				experiencing
				EMC problems.
	8-3* parameter			RS485 interface.
68 (+)				A control card
	group
				switch is
	8-3* parameter			provided for
69 (-)				termination
	group
				resistance.
	Relays
				Form C relay
				output. These
			[0] No	relays are in
01, 02, 03	5-40 [0]			various locations
			operation
				depending upon
				the frequency
				converter con€g-
				uration and size.
				Usable for AC or
				DC voltage and
				resistive or
04, 05, 06	5-40 [1]		[0] No	inductive loads.
			operation	RO2 in J1–J3
				enclosure is 2-
				pole, only
				terminals 04 and
				05 are available
Table 2.2 Terminal Descriptions

Control terminal functions
Frequency converter functions are commanded by
receiving control input signals.		2		2
•	Program each terminal for the function it
	supports in the parameters associated with that
	terminal.
•	Con€rm that the control terminal is programmed
	for the correct function. See chapter Local Control
	Panel and Programming in the quick guide for
	details on accessing parameters and
	programming.
•	The default terminal programming initiates
	frequency converter functioning in a typical
	operational mode.

Using shielded control cables

The preferred method in most cases is to secure control and serial communication cables with shielding clamps provided at both ends to ensure the best possible high frequency cable contact.

If the ground potential between the frequency converter and the PLC is different, electric noise may occur that disturbs the entire system. Solve this problem by €tting an equalizing cable as close as possible to the control cable. Minimum cable cross section: 16 mm2 (6 AWG).

PLC			FC	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB922.12
PE	PE	<10 mm
PE	PE
	1
	2

1Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)

2Equalizing cable

Illustration 2.8 Shielding Clamps at Both Ends

50/60 Hz ground loops

With very long control cables, ground loops may occur. To eliminate ground loops, connect 1 end of the screen-to- ground with a 100 nF capacitor (keeping leads short).

PE 100nF	PE <10 mm	FC	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB609.12
PLC

Illustration 2.9 Connection with a 100 nF Capacitor

Avoid EMC noise on serial communication

This terminal is connected to ground via an internal RC link. Use twisted-pair cables to reduce interference between conductors. The recommended method is shown in Illustration 2.10.

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Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

		FC		FC	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB923.12
		69		69
2	2	68		68
		61		61
		PE	PE <10 mm
		PE	PE
			1
			2

1Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)

2Equalizing cable

Illustration 2.10 Twisted-pair Cables

Alternatively, the connection to terminal 61 can be omitted.

FC		FC	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BB924.12
69		68
68		69
PE	PE <10 mm
PE	PE
	1
	2

1Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG)

2Equalizing cable

Illustration 2.11 Twisted-pair Cables without Terminal 61

2.3 Control Structures

2.3.1 Control Principle

A frequency converter recti€es AC voltage from mains into DC voltage. Then the DC voltage is converted into an AC current with a variable amplitude and frequency.

The motor is supplied with variable voltage/current and frequency, enabling in€nitely variable speed control of 3- phased standard AC motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors.

2.3.2 Control Modes

The frequency converter is capable of controlling either the speed or the torque on the motor shaft. Setting

parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode determines the type of control.

Speed control

There are 2 types of speed control:

•Speed open-loop control, which does not require any feedback from the motor (sensorless).

•Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized speed-closed loop control has higher accuracy than a speed open-loop control.

Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source.

Torque control

The torque control function is used in applications where the torque on motor output shaft is controlling the application as tension control. Torque control can be selected in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode. Torque setting is done by setting an analog, digital, or bus controlled reference. When running torque control, it is recommended to run a full AMA procedure, because correct motor data is important in achieving optimal performance.

•Closed loop in VVC+ mode. This function is used in applications with low to medium dynamic variation of shaft, and offers excellent performance in all 4 quadrants and at all motor speeds. The speed feedback signal is mandatory. It is recommended to use MCB102 option card. Ensure the encoder resolution is at least 1024 PPR, and the shield cable of the encoder is well grounded, because the accuracy of the speed feedback signal is important. Tune

parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time to get the best speed feedback signal.

•Open loop in VVC+ mode. The function is used in mechanically robust applications, but the accuracy is limited. Open-loop torque function works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated on the basis of the internal current measurement in the frequency converter.

Speed/torque reference

The reference to these controls can be either a single reference or the sum of various references including relatively scaled references. Reference handling is explained in detail in chapter 2.4 Reference Handling.

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2.3.3 FC 360 Control Principle

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 is a general-purpose frequency converter for variable speed applications. The control principle	2	2
is based on Voltage Vector Control+.

0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp)

FC 360 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) frequency converters can handle asynchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors up to 22 kW.

The current-sensing principle in FC 360 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) frequency converters is based on the current measurement by a resistor in the DC link. The ground fault protection and short-circuit behavior are handled by the same resistor.

Brake resistor

R+	R-
Load sharing + 82	81
89(+)
L1 91
L2 92
Inrush
L3 93

RFI switch

Load sharing - 88(-)

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BD974.10

	U 96
	V 97	M
	W 98

Illustration 2.12 Control Diagram for FC 360 0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp)

30–75 kW (40–100 hp)

FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) frequency converters can handle asynchronous motors only.

The current-sensing principle in FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) frequency converters is based on the current measurement in the motor phases.

The ground fault protection and short-circuit behavior on FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp) frequency converters are handled by the 3 current transducers in the motor phases.

L1 91

L2 92

L3 93

Load sharing + 89(+)

R inr					Inrush

88(-) Load sharing -

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BD975.10

	U 96
	V 97	M
	W 98

P 14-50

Illustration 2.13 Control Diagram for FC 360 30–75 kW (40–100 hp)

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Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

2.3.4 Control Structure in VVC+

2 2

P 1-00

P 4-14 Con g. mode Motor speed

high limit (Hz) High

Ref.

+								Low
						P 4-12
S			Process			Motor speed
_						low limit (Hz)

P 7-20 Process feedback 1 source

P 7-22 Process feedback 2 source

		P 4-19		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BD371.10
P 1-00		Max. output freq.
Con g. mode		+f max.
P 3-**		Motor
		controller
Ramp		-f max.
				P 4-19
				Max. output freq.
		P 7-0*		+f max.
+	S	Speed	Motor
_		PID	controller
				-f max.
		P 7-00 Speed PID

feedback source

Illustration 2.14 Control Structure in VVC+ Open-loop Con€gurations and Closed-loop Con€gurations

In the con€guration shown in Illustration 2.14, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [1] VVC+ and

parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [0] Speed open loop. The resulting reference from the reference handling system is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output of the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.

If parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop, the resulting reference is passed from the ramp limitation and speed limitation into a speed PID control. The speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting reference from the speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.

Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter groups 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and 7-3* Process PID Ctrl.

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2.3.5Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode

The frequency converter features an integral current limit		2	2
control. This feature is activated when the motor current,
and thus the torque, is higher than the torque limits set in
parameter 4-16	Torque Limit Motor Mode,
parameter 4-17	Torque Limit Generator Mode, and
parameter 4-18	Current Limit.

When the frequency converter is at the current limit during motor operation or regenerative operation, the frequency converter tries to get below the preset torque limits as quickly as possible without losing control of the motor.

2.3.6Local [Hand On] and Remote [Auto On] Control

Operate the frequency converter manually via the local control panel (LCP) or remotely via analog/digital inputs or €eldbus.

Start and stop the frequency converter pressing the [Hand

On] and [Off/Reset] keys on the LCP. Set-up is required:

•Parameter 0-40 [Hand on] Key on LCP.

•Parameter 0-44 [Off/Reset] Key on LCP.

•Parameter 0-42 [Auto on] Key on LCP.

Reset alarms via the [Off/Reset] key or via a digital input, when the terminal is programmed to Reset.

	Hand	O	Auto	Reset
	On		On

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>e30bp046.12

Illustration 2.15 LCP Control Keys

Local reference forces the con€guration mode to open loop, independent of the setting in parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode.

Local reference is restored at power-down.

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Product Overview VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

2.4 Reference Handling

2 2 Local reference

The local reference is active when the frequency converter is operated with [Hand On] active. Adjust the reference by [▲]/[▼] and [◄/[►].

Remote reference

The reference handling system for calculating the remote reference is shown in Illustration 2.16.

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>3-18	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>scaling ref.
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Relative

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>Preset ref.

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>P 3-10

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P 3-15

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ref.resource 1

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P 3-16	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>resource 2
	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ref.

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>P 3-17	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>resource 3
	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ref.

No function

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Local bus ref.

DigiPot

P 3-14

Preset relative ref.

(0)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

No function

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Local bus ref.

DigiPot

No function

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Local bus ref.

DigiPot

No function

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Local bus ref.

DigiPot

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BD374.10

P 3-04

(0)

(1)

D1

P 5-1x(15)

Preset '1'

External '0'

200%

-200%

P 3-00	P 1-00
Ref./feedback range	Con guration mode
P 5-1x(19)/P 5-1x(20)
	Speed
Freeze ref./Freeze output	open/closed loop

	P 5-1x(28)/P 5-1x(29)		-max ref./
			+max ref.
	Input command:		100%
	Catch up/ slow down
			-100%
Y	Relative	Catch up/
X	X+X*Y	slow
	/100	down
			max ref.
		P 3-12	%
	Catchup Slowdown
		value	%
			min ref.
		±100%
		Freeze ref.
		&
		increase/
		decrease
		ref.
		P 5-1x(21)/P 5-1x(22)
		Speed up/ speed down

P 16-02

Ref. in %

		Scale to
		Hz
		Torque		P 16-01
				Remote
		Scale to		ref.
		Nm
		Process
		Scale to
		process
		unit

Illustration 2.16 Remote Reference

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Product Overview

Design Guide

The remote reference is calculated once in every scan interval and initially consists of 2 types of reference inputs:

1.X (the external reference): A sum (see parameter 3-04 Reference Function) of up to 4 externally selected references, comprising any combination (determined by the setting of parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Source,

parameter 3-16 Reference 2 Source, and parameter 3-17 Reference 3 Source) of a €xed

preset reference (parameter 3-10 Preset Reference), variable analog references, variable digital pulse references, and various €eldbus references in any unit the frequency converter is monitoring ([Hz], [RPM], [Nm], and so on).

2.Y (the relative reference): A sum of 1 €xed preset reference (parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference) and 1 variable analog reference

(parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource) in [%].

The 2 types of reference inputs are combined in the following formula:

Remote reference=X+X*Y/100%.

If relative reference is not used, set parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource to [0] No function and parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference to 0%. The digital inputs on the frequency converter can activate both the catch up/slow down function and the freeze reference function. The functions and parameters are described in the VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360 Programming Guide.

The scaling of analog references is described in parameter groups 6-1* Analog Input 53 and 6-2* Analog Input 54, and the scaling of digital pulse references is described in parameter group 5-5* Pulse Input.

Reference limits and ranges are set in parameter group 3-0* Reference Limits.

2.4.1 Reference Limits

Parameter 3-00 Reference Range, parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference, and parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference de€ne the allowed range of the sum of all references. The sum of all references is clamped when necessary. The relation between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are shown in Illustration 2.17 and

Illustration 2.18.

	P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min-Max				<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BA184.10
	Resulting reference
	P 3-03
				Forward
	P 3-02
					Sum of all
					references
	-P 3-02
				Reverse
	-P 3-03

Illustration 2.17 Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 0

P 3-00 Reference Range =[1]-Max-Max

Resulting reference

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BA185.10

P 3-03

Sum of all references

-P 3-03

Illustration 2.18 Sum of All References When Reference Range is Set to 1

The value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference cannot be set to less than 0, unless parameter 1-00 Configuration Mode is set to [3] Process. In that case, the following relations between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are as shown in

Illustration 2.19.

2 2

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Product Overview

VLT® AutomationDrive FC 360

P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min to Max

2	2	Resulting reference

	P 3-03
	P 3-02	Sum of all
		references

<![if ! IE]>

<![endif]>130BA186.11

2.4.3Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback

References and feedback are scaled from analog and pulse inputs in the same way. The only difference is that a reference above or below the speci€ed minimum and maximum endpoints (P1 and P2 in Illustration 2.20) are clamped while a feedback above or below is not.

Resource output					<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BD431.10
[Hz]
High reference/
feedback value 50			P2

Illustration 2.19 Sum of All References When Minimum Reference is Set to a Minus Value

2.4.2Scaling of Preset References and Bus References

Preset references are scaled according to the following rules:

•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0] Min–Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit] where unit can be any unit, for example RPM, m/s, and bar.

100% reference equals the maximum (absolute value of parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, absolute value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference).

•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit], and 100% reference equals maximum reference.

Bus references are scaled according to the following rules:

•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0] Min–Max, 0% reference equals minimum reference and 100% reference equals maximum reference.

•When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1] -Max–+Max, -100% reference equals -maximum reference, and 100% reference equals maximum reference.

	Low reference/	P1
	feedback value				Resource input
								[V]
	0	1		8		10

Terminal X high

Illustration 2.20 Minimum and Maximum Endpoints

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The endpoints P1 and P2 are de€ned in Table 2.3 depending on choice of input.

								2		2
Input	Analog 53	Analog 53	Analog 54	Analog 54	Pulse input 29	Pulse input 33
	voltage mode	current mode	voltage mode	current mode
P1=(Minimum input value, Minimum reference value)
Minimum reference value	Parameter 6-14	Parameter 6-14 T	Parameter 6-24	Parameter 6-24 T	Parameter 5-52	Parameter 5-57 Term.
	Terminal 53	erminal 53 Low	Terminal 54	erminal 54 Low	Term. 29 Low	33 Low Ref./Feedb.
	Low Ref./Feedb.	Ref./Feedb. Value	Low Ref./Feedb.	Ref./Feedb. Value	Ref./Feedb. Value	Value
	Value		Value
Minimum input value	Parameter 6-10	Parameter 6-12 T	Parameter 6-20	Parameter 6-22 T	Parameter 5-50	Parameter 5-55 Term.
	Terminal 53	erminal 53 Low	Terminal 54	erminal 54 Low	Term. 29 Low	33 Low Frequency
	Low Voltage	Current [mA]	Low Voltage	Current [mA]	Frequency [Hz]	[Hz]
	[V]		[V]
P2=(Maximum input value, Maximum reference value)
Maximum reference value	Parameter 6-15	Parameter 6-15 T	Parameter 6-25	Parameter 6-25 T	Parameter 5-53	Parameter 5-58 Term.
	Terminal 53	erminal 53 High	Terminal 54	erminal 54 High	Term. 29 High	33 High Ref./Feedb.
	High Ref./	Ref./Feedb. Value	High Ref./	Ref./Feedb. Value	Ref./Feedb. Value	Value
	Feedb. Value		Feedb. Value
Maximum input value	Parameter 6-11	Parameter 6-13 T	Parameter 6-21	Parameter 6-23 T	Parameter 5-51	Parameter 5-56 Term.
	Terminal 53	erminal 53 High	Terminal 54	erminal 54 High	Term. 29 High	33 High Frequency
	High Voltage	Current [mA]	High	Current [mA]	Frequency [Hz]	[Hz]
	[V]		Voltage[V]

Table 2.3 P1 and P2 Endpoints

2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero

Sometimes, the reference (in rare cases also the feedback) should have a dead band around 0 to ensure that the machine is stopped when the reference is near 0.

To make the dead band active and to set the amount of dead band, do the following:

•Set either the minimum reference value (see Table 2.3 for relevant parameter) or maximum reference value at 0. In other words, either P1 or P2 must be on the X-axis in Illustration 2.21.

•Ensure that both points de€ning the scaling graph are in the same quadrant.

P1 or P2 de€nes the size of the dead band as shown in

Illustration 2.21.

Quadrant 2	Resource output		Quadrant 1	<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>130BD446.10
	[Hz] or “No unit”
High reference/feedback 50		P2
value			forward

	P1		Resource input
Low reference/feedback	0
			20 [mA]
value	1	16
	Terminal	Terminal X high
		low

	-50	reverse
Quadrant 3		Quadrant 4

Illustration 2.21 Size of Dead Band

MG06B502

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