Danfoss FC 280 Design guide

Download

ENGINEERING TOMORROW

Design Guide

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

vlt-drives.danfoss.com

Contents Design Guide

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide

1.2 Additional Resources

1.3 Denitions

1.4 Document and Software Version

1.5 Approvals and Certications

1.6 Safety

2 Product Overview

2.1 Enclosure Size Overview

2.2 Electrical Installation

2.2.1 Motor Connection 14

2.2.2 AC Mains Connection 15

2.2.3 Control Terminal Types 16

2.2.4 Wiring to Control Terminals 17

2.3 Control Structures

2.3.1 Control Modes 18

2.3.2 Control Principle 19

2.3.3 Control Structure in VVC

2.3.4 Internal Current Control in VVC+ Mode 21

2.3.5 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control 21

2.4 Reference Handling

2.4.1 Reference Limits 23

2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References 24

2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback 24

2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero 25

2.5 PID Control

2.5.1 Speed PID Control 28

2.5.2 Process PID Control 31

2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters 32

2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control 33

2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization 35

2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method 36

2.6 EMC Emission and Immunity

2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission 36

2.6.2 EMC Emission 38

2.6.3 EMC Immunity 40

2.7 Galvanic Isolation

2.8 Ground Leakage Current

Contents

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.9 Brake Functions

2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake 42

2.9.2 Dynamic Braking 43

2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection 43

2.10 Motor Insulation

2.10.1 Sine-wave Filters 44

2.10.2 dU/dt Filters 45

2.11 Smart Logic Controller

2.12 Extreme Running Conditions

2.12.1 Motor Thermal Protection 46

3 Application Examples

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Encoder Connection 48

3.1.2 Encoder Direction 48

3.1.3 Closed-loop Drive System 48

3.2 Application Examples

3.2.1 AMA 49

3.2.2 Speed 49

3.2.3 Start/Stop 50

3.2.4 External Alarm Reset 51

3.2.5 Motor Thermistor 51

3.2.6 SLC 51

4 Safe Torque O (STO)

5 RS485 Installation and Set-up

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Overview 53

5.1.2 Network Connection 53

5.1.3 Hardware Set-up 54

5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication 54

5.1.5 EMC Precautions 54

5.2 FC Protocol

5.2.1 Overview 54

5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU 55

5.3 Network Conguration

5.4 FC Protocol Message Framing Structure

5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte) 55

5.4.2 Telegram Structure 55

5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE) 55

Contents Design Guide

5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR) 56

5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC) 56

5.4.6 The Data Field 56

5.4.7 The PKE Field 56

5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU) 57

5.4.9 Index (IND) 57

5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE) 57

5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter 57

5.4.12 Conversion 57

5.4.13 Process Words (PCD) 58

5.5 Examples

5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value 58

5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value 58

5.6 Modbus RTU

5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge 59

5.6.2 Overview 59

5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus RTU 59

5.7 Network Conguration

5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing Structure

5.8.1 Introduction 60

5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure 60

5.8.3 Start/Stop Field 60

5.8.4 Address Field 60

5.8.5 Function Field 60

5.8.6 Data Field 61

5.8.7 CRC Check Field 61

5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing 61

5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter 63

5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU 63

5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes 63

5.9 How to Access Parameters

5.9.1 Parameter Handling 63

5.9.2 Storage of Data 64

5.9.3 IND (Index) 64

5.9.4 Text Blocks 64

5.9.5 Conversion Factor 64

5.9.6 Parameter Values 64

5.10 Examples

5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex) 64

5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex) 65

Contents

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex) 65

5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex) 65

5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex) 66

5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex) 66

5.11 Danfoss FC Control Prole

5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Prole (8-10 Protocol = FC Prole) 67

5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Prole (STW) 68

5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value 70

6 Type Code and Selection

6.1 Type Code

6.2 Ordering Numbers: Options, Accessories, and Spare Parts

6.3 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors

6.3.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10% 73

6.3.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40% 75

6.4 Ordering Numbers: Sine-wave Filters

6.5 Ordering Numbers: dU/dt Filters

6.6 Ordering Numbers: External EMC Filters

7 Specications

7.1 Electrical Data

7.2 Mains Supply

7.3 Motor Output and Motor Data

7.4 Ambient Conditions

7.5 Cable Specications

7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data

7.7 Connection Tightening Torques

7.8 Fuses and Circuit Breakers

7.9 Eciency

7.10 Acoustic Noise

7.11 dU/dt Conditions

7.12 Special Conditions

7.12.1 Manual Derating 93

7.12.2 Automatic Derating 95

7.13 Enclosure Sizes, Power Ratings, and Dimensions

Index

Introduction Design Guide

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Design Guide

This design guide is intended for project and systems engineers, design consultants, and application and product specialists. Technical information is provided to understand the capabilities of the frequency converter for integration into motor control and monitoring systems. Details concerning operation, requirements, and recommendations for system integration are described. Information is provided for input power characteristics, output for motor control, and ambient operating conditions for the frequency converter.

Also included are:

Safety features.

•

Fault condition monitoring.

•

Operational status reporting.

•

Serial communication capabilities.

•

Programmable options and features.

•

Design details such as site requirements, cables, fuses, control wiring, the size and weight of units, and other critical information necessary to plan for system integration are also provided.

Reviewing the detailed product information in the design stage enables developing a well-conceived system with optimal functionality and

VLT® is a registered trademark.

Additional Resources

1.2

eciency.

Denitions

1.3

1.3.1 Frequency Converter

Coast

The motor shaft is in free mode. No torque on the motor.

VLT,MAX

Maximum output current.

VLT,N

Rated output current supplied by the frequency converter.

VLT,MAX

Maximum output voltage.

1.3.2 Input

Control commands

Start and stop the connected motor with LCP and digital inputs. Functions are divided into 2 groups.

Functions in group 1 have higher priority than functions in group 2.

Group 1 Precise stop, coast and reset stop, precise stop

and coast stop, quick stop, DC braking, stop, and

[OFF].

Group 2 Start, pulse start, reversing, start reversing, jog,

and freeze output.

Table 1.1 Function Groups

1.3.3 Motor

1 1

Resources available to understand operations and programming of the frequency converter:

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide, provides

•

information about the installation, commissioning, application, and maintenance of the frequency converter.

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide,

•

provides information on how to program and includes complete parameter descriptions.

Supplementary publications and manuals are available from Danfoss. See drives.danfoss.com/knowledge-center/ technical-documentation/ for listings.

Motor running

Torque generated on the output shaft and speed from 0 RPM to maximum speed on the motor.

JOG

Motor frequency when the jog function is activated (via digital terminals or bus).

Motor frequency.

MAX

Maximum motor frequency.

MIN

Minimum motor frequency.

M,N

Rated motor frequency (nameplate data).

Motor current (actual).

M,N

Nominal motor current (nameplate data).

175ZA078.10

Pull-out

RPM

Torque

Introduction

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

M,N

Nominal motor speed (nameplate data).

Synchronous motor speed.

2 × Parameter 1−23 × 60s

ns=

slip

Parameter 1−39

Motor slip.

M,N

Rated motor power (nameplate data in kW or hp).

M,N

Rated torque (motor).

Instantaneous motor voltage.

M,N

Rated motor voltage (nameplate data).

Break-away torque

Preset reference

A dened preset reference to be set from -100% to +100% of the reference range. Selection of 8 preset references via the digital terminals. Selection of 4 preset references via the bus.

Pulse reference

A pulse frequency signal transmitted to the digital inputs (terminal 29 or 33).

Ref

MAX

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 100% full scale value (typically 10 V, 20 mA) and the resulting reference. The maximum reference value is set in parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference.

Ref

MIN

Determines the relationship between the reference input at 0% value (typically 0 V, 0 mA, 4 mA) and the resulting reference. The minimum reference value is set in parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference.

1.3.5 Miscellaneous

Analog inputs

The analog inputs are used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.

There are 2 types of analog inputs:

Current input: 0–20 mA and 4–20 mA.

•

Voltage input: 0–10 V DC.

•

Analog outputs

The analog outputs can supply a signal of 0–20 mA, or 4– 20 mA.

Automatic motor adaptation, AMA

Illustration 1.1 Break-away Torque

VLT

The eciency of the frequency converter is dened as the ratio between the power output and the power input.

Start-disable command

A start-disable command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.

Stop command

A stop command belonging to the control commands in group 1. See Table 1.1 for more details.

1.3.4 References

Analog reference

A signal transmitted to the analog inputs 53 or 54 can be voltage or current.

Binary reference

A signal transmitted via the serial communication port.

The AMA algorithm determines the electrical parameters for the connected motor at standstill.

Brake resistor

The brake resistor is a module capable of absorbing the brake power generated in regenerative braking. This regenerative brake power increases the DC-link voltage, and a brake chopper ensures that the power is transmitted to the brake resistor.

CT characteristics

Constant torque characteristics used for all applications such as conveyor belts, displacement pumps, and cranes.

Digital inputs

The digital inputs can be used for controlling various functions of the frequency converter.

Digital outputs

The frequency converter features 2 solid-state outputs that can supply a 24 V DC (maximum 40 mA) signal.

DSP

Digital signal processor.

Introduction Design Guide

ETR

Electronic thermal relay is a thermal load calculation based on present load and time. Its purpose is to estimate the motor temperature.

FC standard bus

Includes RS485 bus with FC protocol or MC protocol. See parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Initializing

If initializing is carried out (parameter 14-22 Operation Mode), the frequency converter returns to the default

setting.

Intermittent duty cycle

An intermittent duty rating refers to a sequence of duty cycles. Each cycle consists of an on-load and an o-load period. The operation can be either periodic duty or nonperiodic duty.

LCP

The local control panel makes up a complete interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The LCP is detachable. With the installation kit option, the LCP can be installed up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from the frequency converter in a front panel.

NLCP

The numerical local control panel interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The display is numerical and the panel is used to show process values. The NLCP has storing and copy functions.

GLCP

The graphic local control panel interface for control and programming of the frequency converter. The display is graphic and the panel is used to show process values. The GLCP has storing and copy functions.

lsb

Least signicant bit.

msb

Most signicant bit.

MCM

Short for mille circular mil, an American measuring unit for cable cross-section. 1 MCM = 0.5067 mm2.

On-line/o-line parameters

Changes to on-line parameters are activated immediately after the data value is changed. To activate changes to o- line parameters, press [OK].

Process PID

The PID control maintains speed, pressure, and temperature by adjusting the output frequency to match the varying load.

PCD

Process control data.

PFC

Power factor correction.

Power cycle

Switch o the mains until the display (LCP) is dark, then turn power on again.

Power factor

The power factor is the relation between I1 and I

Power factor = 

For FC 280 frequency converters,

Power factor = 

3xUxI1cosϕ1

3xUxI

I1xcosϕ1

RMS

 = 

RMS

cosϕ



1 = 1, therefore:

RMS

The power factor indicates to which extent the frequency converter imposes a load on the mains supply. The lower the power factor, the higher the I

RMS

for the

same kW performance.

I

RMS

= 

 + I

 + I

 + .. + I

In addition, a high power factor indicates that the dierent harmonic currents are low. The built-in DC coils (T2/T4) and PFC (S2) produce a high power factor, minimizing the imposed load on the mains supply.

Pulse input/incremental encoder

An external, digital pulse transmitter used for feeding back information on motor speed. The encoder is used in applications where great accuracy in speed control is required.

RCD

Residual current device.

Set-up

Save parameter settings in 4 set-ups. Change among the 4 parameter set-ups and edit 1 set-up while this set-up is inactive.

SFAVM

Acronym describing the switching pattern stator uxoriented asynchronous vector modulation.

Slip compensation

The frequency converter compensates for the motor slip by giving the frequency a supplement that follows the measured motor load, keeping the motor speed almost constant.

Smart logic control (SLC)

The SLC is a sequence of user-dened actions executed when the smart logic controller evaluates the associated

user-dened events as true (Parameter group 13-** Smart Logic Control).

STW

Status word.

THD

Total harmonic distortion states the total contribution of harmonic distortion.

Thermistor

A temperature-dependent resistor placed where the temperature is monitored (frequency converter or motor).

1 1

Introduction

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Trip

Trip is a state entered in fault situations. Examples of fault situations:

The frequency converter is subject to an over

•

voltage.

The frequency converter protects the motor,

•

process, or mechanism.

Restart is prevented until the cause of the fault has disappeared, and the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, in some cases, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip for personal safety.

Trip lock

Trip lock is a state entered in fault situations when the frequency converter is protecting itself and requiring physical intervention. For example, a short circuit on the output triggers a trip lock. A locked trip can only be canceled by cutting o mains, removing the cause of the fault, and reconnecting the frequency converter. Restart is prevented until the trip state is canceled by activating reset or, sometimes, by being programmed to reset automatically. Do not use trip lock for personal safety.

VT characteristics

Variable torque characteristics used for pumps and fans.

VVC

If compared with standard voltage/frequency ratio control, voltage vector control (VVC+) improves the dynamics and stability, both when the speed reference is changed and in relation to the load torque.

60° AVM

Refer to the switching pattern 60° asynchronous vector modulation.

Document and Software Version

1.4

1.5.1 CE Mark

The CE mark (Communauté européenne) indicates that the product manufacturer conforms to all applicable EU directives.

The EU directives applicable to the design and manufacture of frequency converters are:

The Low Voltage Directive.

•

The EMC Directive.

•

The Machinery Directive (for units with an

•

integrated safety function).

The CE mark is intended to eliminate technical barriers to free trade between the EC and EFTA states inside the ECU. The CE mark does not regulate the quality of the product. Technical specications cannot be deduced from the CE mark.

1.5.2 Low Voltage Directive

Frequency converters are classied as electronic components and must be CE labeled in accordance with the Low Voltage Directive. The directive applies to all electrical equipment in the 50–1000 V AC and the 75– 1500 V DC voltage ranges.

The directive mandates that the equipment design must ensure the safety and health of people and livestock, and the preservation of material by ensuring the equipment is properly installed, maintained, and used as intended. Danfoss CE labels comply with the Low Voltage Directive, and Danfoss provides a declaration of conformity at request.

This manual is regularly reviewed and updated. All suggestions for improvement are welcome. Table 1.2 shows the document version and the corresponding software version.

Edition Remarks

MG07B3

1.5

Frequency converters are designed in compliance with the directives described in this section.

More information for POWERLINK and

software update.

Table 1.2 Document and Software Version

Approvals and Certications

Software

version

1.3

1.5.3 EMC Directive

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that electromagnetic interference between pieces of equipment does not hinder their performance. The basic protection requirement of the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU states that devices that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) or whose operation could be aected by EMI must be designed to limit the generation of electromagnetic interference and shall have a suitable degree of immunity to EMI when properly installed, maintained, and used as intended.

A frequency converter can be used as standalone device or as part of a more complex installation. Devices in either of these cases must bear the CE mark. Systems must not be CE marked but must comply with the basic protection requirements of the EMC directive.

Introduction Design Guide

1.5.4 UL Compliance

UL-listed

Illustration 1.2 UL

Applied standards and compliance for STO

Using STO on terminals 37 and 38 requires fulllment of all provisions for safety including relevant laws, regulations, and guidelines. The integrated STO function complies with the following standards:

IEC/EN 61508:2010, SIL2

•

IEC/EN 61800-5-2:2007, SIL2

•

IEC/EN 62061:2015, SILCL of SIL2

•

EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Category 3 PL d

•

Frequency converters can be subject to regional and/or national export control regulations.

An ECCN number is used to classify all frequency converters that are subject to export control regulations.

1 1

The ECCN number is provided in the documents accompanying the frequency converter.

In case of re-export, it is the responsibility of the exporter to ensure compliance with the relevant export control regulations.

Safety

1.6

Frequency converters contain high-voltage components and have the potential for fatal injury if handled improperly. Only qualied personnel are allowed to install and operate the equipment. Do not attempt repair work without rst removing power from the frequency converter and waiting the designated duration of time for stored electrical energy to dissipate.

Refer to the operating instructions shipped with the unit, and available online for:

Discharge time.

•

Detailed safety instructions and warnings.

•

Strict adherence to safety precautions and notices is mandatory for safe operation of the frequency converter.

130BA870.10

130BA809.10

130BA810.10

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2 Product Overview

2.1 Enclosure Size Overview

Enclosure size depends on power range. For details about dimensions, refer to chapter 7.13 Enclosure Sizes, Power Ratings, and Dimensions.

Enclosure

size

Enclosure

protection

Power

range

[kW (hp)]

3-phase

380–480 V

Power

range

[kW (hp)]

3-phase

200–240 V

Power

range

[kW (hp)]

single-

phase

200–240 V

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5

IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20

0.37–2.2 (0.5–3.0) 3.0–5.5 (5.0–7.5) 7.5 (10) 11–15 (15–20) 18.5–22 (25–30)

0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) 2.2 (3.0) 3.7 (5.0) – –

0.37–1.5 (0.5–2.0) 2.2 (3.0) – – –

Table 2.1 Enclosure Sizes

1) IP21 is available for some variants of VLT® Midi Drive FC 280. With IP21 kit options mounted, all power sizes can be IP21.

Enclosure size is used throughout this guide whenever procedures or components dier between frequency converters based on physical size.

Find the enclosure size using the following steps:

1. Obtain the following information from the type code on the nameplate. Refer to Illustration 2.1.

1a Product group and frequency converter series (characters 1–6), for example FC 280.

1b Power rating (characters 7–10), for example PK37.

1c Voltage rating (phases and mains) (characters 11–12), for example T4.

2. Within Table 2.2,

nd the power rating and voltage rating, and look up the enclosure size of FC 280.

130BF709.10

VLT

MADE IN

DENMARK

T/C: FC-280PK37T4E20H1BXCXXXSXXXXAX

0.37kW 0.5HP IN: 3x380-480V 50/60Hz, 1.2/1.0A OUT: 3x0-Vin 0-500Hz, 1.2/1.1A IP20

P/N: 134U2184 S/N: 000000G000

Midi Drive www.danfoss.com

CAUTION / ATTENTION:

WARNING / AVERTISSEMENT:

See manual for special condition/mains fuse Voir manual de conditions speciales/fusibles

Enclosure: See manual 5AF3 E358502 IND.CONT.EQ.

Stored charge, wait 4 min. Charge r

siduelle, attendez 4 min.

US LISTED

www.tuv.com

ID 0600000000

Danfoss A/S, 6430 Nordborg, Denmark

1 2 3

Product Overview Design Guide

1 Product group and frequency converter series

2 Power rating

3 Voltage rating (phases and mains)

Illustration 2.1 Using the Nameplate to Find the Enclosure Size

2 2

Power rating in

nameplate

[kW (hp)]

PK37 0.37 (0.5)

PK55 0.55 (0.75)

PK75 0.75 (1.0)

P1K1 1.1 (1.5)

P1K5 1.5 (2.0)

P2K2 2.2 (3.0)

P3K0 3 (4.0)

P4K0 4 (5.0)

P5K5 5.5 (7.5)

P7K5 7.5 (10) K3 K3T4

P11K 11 (15)

P15K 15 (20)

P18K 18.5 (25)

P22K 22 (30)

PK37 0.37 (0.5)

PK55 0.55 (0.75)

PK75 0.75 (1.0)

P1K1 1.1 (1.5)

P1K5 1.5 (2.0)

P2K2 2.2 (3.0) K2 K2T2

P3K7 3.7 (5.0) K3 K3T2

PK37 0.37 (0.5)

PK55 0.55 (0.75)

PK75 0.75 (1.0)

P1K1 1.1 (1.5)

P1K5 1.5 (2.0)

P2K2 2.2 (3.0) K2 K2S2

Table 2.2 Enclosure Size of FC 280

Power

Voltage rating in

nameplate

Phases and mains voltage Enclosure size

T4 3-phase 380–480 V

T2 3-phase 200–240 V

S2 Single phase 200–240 V

Frequency

converter

K1 K1T4

K2 K2T4

K4 K4T4

K5 K5T4

K1 K1T2

K1 K1S2

Power input

Switch mode

power supply

Motor

Analog output

interface

(PNP) = Source (NPN) = Sink

ON = Terminated OFF = Open

Brake resistor

91 (L1/N) 92 (L2/L) 93 (L3)

50 (+10 V OUT)

53 (A IN)

54 (A IN)

55 (COM digital/analog I/O)

0/4−20 mA

12 (+24 V OUT)

13 (+24 V OUT)

18 (D IN)

10 V DC 15 mA 100 mA

+ - + -

(U) 96

(V) 97

(W) 98

(PE) 99

(A OUT) 42

(P RS485) 68

(N RS485) 69

(COM RS485) 61

0 V

5 V

S801

0/4−20 mA

RS485

+10 V DC

0−10 V DC

24 V DC

24 V (NPN) 0 V (PNP)

0 V (PNP)

24 V (NPN)

19 (D IN)

24 V (NPN) 0 V (PNP)

27 (D IN/OUT)

24 V

0 V

0 V (PNP)

24 V (NPN)

29 (D IN)

24 V (NPN) 0 V (PNP)

0 V (PNP)

24 V (NPN)

33 (D IN)

32 (D IN)

38 (STO2)

37 (STO1)

P 5-00

(+DC/R+) 89

(R-) 81

0−10 V DC

(-DC) 88

RFI

0 V

250 V AC, 3 A

Relay 1

130BE202.18

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.2 Electrical Installation

This section describes how to wire the frequency converter.

Illustration 2.2 Basic Wiring Schematic Drawing

A = Analog, D = Digital

1) Built-in brake chopper is only available on 3-phase units.

2) Terminal 53 can also be used as digital input.

3) Switch S801 (bus terminal) can be used to enable termination on the RS485 port (terminals 68 and 69).

4) Refer to chapter 4 Safe Torque O (STO) for the correct STO wiring.

5) The S2 (single-phase 200–240 V) frequency converter does not support load sharing application.

130BF228.10

L1 L2 L3

Product Overview Design Guide

2 2

1 PLC 10 Mains cable (unshielded)

Minimum 16 mm2 (6 AWG) equalizing cable

3 Control cables 12 Cable insulation stripped

4 Minimum 200 mm (656 ft) between control cables, motor

cables, and mains cables.

5 Mains supply 14 Brake resistor

6 Bare (unpainted) surface 15 Metal box

7 Star washers 16 Connection to motor

8 Brake cable (shielded) 17 Motor

9 Motor cable (shielded) 18 EMC cable gland

Illustration 2.3 Typical Electrical Connection

11 Output contactor, and so on.

13 Common ground busbar. Follow local and national

requirements for cabinet grounding.

130BD531.10

Product Overview

2.2.1 Motor Connection

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

WARNING

INDUCED VOLTAGE

Induced voltage from output motor cables that run together can charge equipment capacitors, even when the equipment is turned o and locked out. Failure to run output motor cables separately or use shielded cables could result in death or serious injury.

Run output motor cables separately.

•

Use shielded cables.

•

Comply with local and national electrical codes

•

for cable sizes. For maximum cable sizes, see chapter 7.1 Electrical Data.

Follow motor manufacturer wiring requirements.

•

Motor wiring knockouts or access panels are

•

provided at the base of IP21 (NEMA type 1) units.

Do not wire a starting or pole-changing device

•

(for example Dahlander motor or slip ring induction motor) between the frequency converter and the motor.

Procedure

1. Strip a section of the outer cable insulation. Recommended length is 10–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in).

2. Position the stripped cable under the cable clamp to establish mechanical xation and electrical contact between the cable shield and ground.

3. Connect the ground cable to the nearest grounding terminal in accordance with the grounding instructions provided in chapter

Grounding in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide. See Illustration 2.4.

4. Connect the 3-phase motor wiring to terminals 96 (U), 97 (V), and 98 (W), as shown in Illustration 2.4.

5. Tighten the terminals in accordance with the information provided in chapter 7.7 Connection Tightening Torques.

Illustration 2.4 Motor Connection

The mains, motor, and grounding connection for singlephase and 3-phase frequency converters are shown in Illustration 2.5, Illustration 2.6, and Illustration 2.7, respectively. Actual congurations vary with unit types and optional equipment.

NOTICE

In motors without phase insulation, paper, or other insulation reinforcement suitable for operation with voltage supply, use a sine-wave lter on the output of the frequency converter.

130BE232.11

130BE231.11

130BE804.10

Product Overview Design Guide

2 2

Illustration 2.5 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for

Single-phase Units (K1, K2)

Illustration 2.6 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for 3-

phase Units (K1, K2, K3)

Illustration 2.7 Mains, Motor, and Grounding Connection for 3-

phase Units (K4, K5)

2.2.2 AC Mains Connection

Size the wiring based on the input current of the

•

frequency converter. For maximum wire sizes, see chapter 7.1 Electrical Data.

Comply with local and national electrical codes

•

for cable sizes.

Procedure

1. Connect the AC input power cables to terminals N and L for single-phase units (see Illustration 2.5), or to terminals L1, L2, and L3 for 3-phase units (see Illustration 2.6 and Illustration 2.7).

2. Depending on the conguration of the equipment, connect the input power to the mains input terminals or the input disconnect.

3. Ground the cable in accordance with the grounding instructions in chapter Grounding in

the VLT

4. When supplied from an isolated mains source (IT mains or oating delta) or TT/TN-S mains with a grounded leg (grounded delta), ensure that the RFI lter screw is removed. Removing the RFI screw prevents damage to the DC link and reduces ground capacity currents in accordance with IEC 61800-3 (see Illustration 7.13, the RFI screw locates on the side of the frequency converter).

Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide.

130BE212.10

1 2

130BE214.10

37 38 12 13 18 19 27 29 32 33 61

42 53 54 50 55

68 69

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.2.3 Control Terminal Types

Illustration 2.8 shows the removable frequency converter connectors. Terminal functions and default settings are summarized in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4.

Illustration 2.8 Control Terminal Locations

Illustration 2.9 Terminal Numbers

See chapter 7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data for terminal ratings details.

Terminal Parameter

Digital I/O, pulse I/O, encoder

12, 13 – +24 V DC

Parameter 5-10

Terminal 18

Digital Input

Parameter 5-11

Terminal 19

Digital Input

Parameter 5-01

Terminal 27

Mode

Parameter 5-12

Terminal 27

Digital Input

Parameter 5-30

Terminal 27

Digital Output

Default

setting

[8] Start

[10] Reversing

DI [2] Coast

inverse

DO [0] No

operation

Description

24 V DC supply

voltage. Maximum

output current is

100 mA for all

24 V loads.

Digital inputs.

Selectable for

either digital

input, digital

output, or pulse

output. The

default setting is

digital input.

Terminal Parameter

Parameter 5-13

37, 38 – STO

50 – +10 V DC

55 – –

Table 2.3 Terminal Descriptions - Digital Inputs/Outputs,

Analog Inputs/Outputs

Terminal 29

Digital Input

Parameter 5-14

Terminal 32

Digital Input

Parameter 5-15

Terminal 33

Digital Input

Analog inputs/outputs

Parameter 6-91

Terminal 42

Analog Output

Parameter

group 6-1*

Analog input 53

Parameter

group 6-2*

Analog input 54

Default

setting

[14] Jog Digital input.

[0] No

operation

[0] No

operation

[0] No

operation

–

Description

Digital input, 24 V

encoder. Terminal

33 can be used for

pulse input.

Functional safety

inputs.

Programmable

analog output. The

analog signal is 0–

20 mA or 4–

20 mA at a

maximum of

500 Ω. Can also

be congured as

digital outputs.

10 V DC analog

supply voltage.

15 mA maximum

commonly used

for potentiometer

or thermistor.

Analog input. Only

voltage mode is

supported. It can

also be used as

digital input.

Analog input.

Selectable

between voltage

or current mode.

Common for

digital and analog

inputs.

Product Overview Design Guide

Terminal Parameter

Serial communication

61 – –

Parameter

68 (+)

69 (-)

01, 02, 03

group 8-3* FC

port settings

Parameter

group 8-3* FC

port settings

Parameter 5-40

Function Relay

Default

setting

Relays

[1] Control

Ready

–

Description

Integrated RC lter

for cable shield.

ONLY for

connecting the

shield when

experiencing EMC

problems.

RS485 interface. A

control card switch

is provided for

termination

resistance.

Form C relay

output. These

relays are in

various locations

depending on the

frequency

converter congu-

ration and size.

Usable for AC or

DC voltage and

resistive or

inductive loads.

2.2.4 Wiring to Control Terminals

Control terminal connectors can be unplugged from the frequency converter for ease of installation, as shown in Illustration 2.8.

For details about STO wiring, refer to chapter 4 Safe Torque O (STO).

NOTICE

Keep control cables as short as possible and separate them from high-power cables to minimize interference.

1. Loosen the screws for the terminals.

2. Insert sleeved control cables into the slots.

3. Fasten the screws for the terminals.

4. Ensure that the contact is rmly established and not loose. Loose control wiring can be the source of equipment faults or less than optimal operation.

See chapter 7.5 Cable Specications for control terminal cable sizes and chapter 3 Application Examples for typical control cable connections.

2 2

Table 2.4 Terminal Descriptions - Serial Communication

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.3 Control Structures

A frequency converter recties AC voltage from mains into

DC voltage. Then the DC voltage is converted into an AC current with a variable amplitude and frequency.

The motor is supplied with variable voltage/current and frequency, enabling phased standard AC motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors.

innitely variable speed control of 3-

Speed/torque reference

The reference to these controls can be either a single reference or the sum of various references including relatively scaled references. Reference handling is explained in detail in chapter 2.4 Reference Handling.

Process control

There are 2 types of process control:

2.3.1 Control Modes

The frequency converter controls either the speed or the torque on the motor shaft. The frequency converter also controls the process for some applications which use process data as reference or feedback, for example, temperature and pressure. Setting parameter 1-00 Congu- ration Mode determines the type of control.

Speed control

There are 2 types of speed control:

Speed open-loop control, which does not require

•

any feedback from the motor (sensorless).

Speed closed-loop PID control, which requires a

•

speed feedback to an input. A properly optimized speed closed-loop control has higher accuracy than a speed open-loop control.

Select which input to use as speed PID feedback in parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source.

Torque control

The torque control function is used in applications where the torque on motor output shaft controls the application as tension control. Select [2] Torque closed loop or [4] Torque open loop in parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode. Torque setting is done by setting an analog, digital, or buscontrolled reference. When running torque control, it is recommended to run a full AMA procedure, because correct motor data is important in achieving optimal performance.

works for 2 directions. The torque is calculated from the internal current measurement in the frequency converter.

Process closed-loop control, which runs speed

•

open-loop to control the motor internally, is a basic process PID controller.

Extended PID speed open-loop control, which

•

also runs speed open-loop to control the motor internally, extends the function of the basic process PID controller by adding more functions. For example, feed forward control, clamping, reference/feedback lter, and gain scaling.

Closed loop in VVC+ mode. This function is used

•

in applications with low to medium dynamic variation of shaft and oers excellent performance in all 4 quadrants and at all motor speeds. The speed feedback signal is mandatory. Ensure that the encoder resolution is at least 1024 PPR, and the shield cable of the encoder is properly grounded, because the accuracy of the speed feedback signal is important. Tune parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time to get the best speed feedback signal.

Open loop in VVC+ mode. The function is used in

•

mechanically robust applications, but the accuracy is limited. Open-loop torque function

130BD974.10

L2 92

L1 91

L3 93

U 96

V 97

W 98

RFI switch

Inrush

R+ 82

Load sharing -

88(-)

R81

Brake resistor

Load sharing +

89(+)

Cong. mode

Ref.

Process

P 1-00

High

+f max.

Low

-f max.

P 4-12 Motor speed low limit (Hz)

P 4-14 Motor speed high limit (Hz)

Motor controller

Ramp

Speed PID

P 7-20 Process feedback 1 source

P 7-22 Process feedback 2 source

P 7-00 Speed PID

feedback source

P 1-00

Cong. mode

P 4-19 Max. output freq.

-f max.

Motor controller

P 4-19 Max. output freq.

+f max.

P 3-**

P 7-0*

130BD371.10

Product Overview Design Guide

2.3.2 Control Principle

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 is a general-purpose frequency converter for variable speed applications. The control principle is based on VVC+.

FC 280 frequency converters can handle asynchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors up to 22 kW (30 hp).

The current-sensing principle in FC 280 frequency converters is based on the current measurement by a resistor in the DC link. The ground fault protection and short circuit behavior are handled by the same resistor.

2 2

Illustration 2.10 Control Diagram

2.3.3

Control Structure in VVC

Illustration 2.11 Control Structure in VVC+ Open-loop Congurations and Closed-loop Congurations

In the conguration shown in Illustration 2.11, parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle is set to [1] VVC+ and parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode is set to [0] Speed open loop. The resulting reference from the reference handling system

Product Overview

is received and fed through the ramp limitation and speed limitation before being sent to the motor control. The output of the motor control is then limited by the maximum frequency limit.

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

If parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode is set to [1] Speed closed loop, the resulting reference is passed from the ramp limitation and speed limitation into a speed PID control. The speed PID control parameters are in parameter group 7-0* Speed PID Ctrl. The resulting reference from the speed PID control is sent to the motor control limited by the frequency limit.

Select [3] Process in parameter 1-00 pressure in the controlled application. The process PID parameters are in parameter groups 7-2* Process Ctrl. Feedb and 7-3* Process PID Ctrl.

Conguration Mode to use the process PID control for closed-loop control of speed or

130BP046.10

Hand

O

Auto

Reset

Hand On

Oﬀ Reset

Auto On

130BB893.10

Product Overview Design Guide

2.3.4

Internal Current Control in VVC

Mode

The frequency converter features an integral current limit control. This feature is activated when the motor current, and thus the torque, is higher than the torque limits set in

parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode, parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode, and parameter 4-18 Current Limit.

When the frequency converter is at the current limit during motor operation or regenerative operation, the frequency converter tries to get below the preset torque limits as quickly as possible without losing control of the motor.

2.3.5 Local (Hand On) and Remote (Auto On) Control

Operate the frequency converter manually via the local control panel (graphic LCP or numerical LCP) or remotely via analog/digital inputs or eldbus. Start and stop the frequency converter by pressing the [Hand On] and [Reset] keys on the LCP. Set-up is required via the following parameters:

2 2

Parameter 0-40 [Hand on] Key on LCP.

•

Parameter 0-44 [O/Reset] Key on LCP.

•

Parameter 0-42 [Auto on] Key on LCP.

•

Reset alarms via the [Reset] key or via a digital input, when the terminal is programmed to Reset.

Illustration 2.12 GLCP Control Keys

Illustration 2.13 NLCP Control Keys

Local reference forces the loop, independent of the setting in parameter 1-00 Congu- ration Mode.

conguration mode to open

Local reference is restored when the frequency converter powers down.

No function

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Local bus ref.

Preset relative ref.

Preset ref.

Local bus ref.

No function

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Analog ref.

Pulse ref.

Local bus ref.

No function

Local bus ref.

Pulse ref.

No function

Analog ref.

Input command: Catch up/ slow down

Catchup Slowdown

value

Freeze ref./Freeze output

Speed up/ speed down

ref.

Remote

Ref. in %

-max ref./ +max ref.

Scale to Hz

Scale to Nm

Scale to process unit

Relative X+X*Y /100

DigiPot

max ref.

min ref.

DigiPot

D1 P 5-1x(15) Preset '1' External '0'

Process

Torque

Speed open/closed loop

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(0)

(1)

Relative scaling ref.

P 3-18

Ref.resource 1

P 3-15

Ref. resource 2

P 3-16

Ref. resource 3

P 3-17

200%

-200%

-100%

100%

Ref./feedback range

P 3-00

Conguration mode

P 1-00

P 3-14

±100%

130BD374.10

P 16-01

P 16-02

P 3-12

P 5-1x(21)/P 5-1x(22)

P 5-1x(28)/P 5-1x(29)

P 5-1x(19)/P 5-1x(20)

P 3-04

Freeze ref. & increase/ decrease ref.

Catch up/ slow down

P 3-10

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.4 Reference Handling

Local reference

The local reference is active when the frequency converter is operated with [Hand On] active. Adjust the reference by [▲]/[▼] and [◄/[►].

Remote reference

The reference handling system for calculating the remote reference is shown in Illustration 2.14.

Illustration 2.14 Remote Reference

Resulting reference

Sum of all

references

Forward

Reverse

P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min-Max

130BA184.10

-P 3-03

P 3-03

P 3-02

-P 3-02

P 3-00 Reference Range =[1]-Max-Max

Resulting reference

Sum of all references

-P 3-03

P 3-03

130BA185.10

Product Overview Design Guide

The remote reference is calculated once in every scan interval and initially consists of 2 types of reference inputs:

1. X (the external reference): A sum (see parameter 3-04 Reference Function) of up to 4 externally selected references, comprising any combination (determined by the setting of

parameter 3-15 Reference 1 Source, parameter 3-16 Reference 2 Source, and parameter 3-17 Reference 3 Source) of a xed

preset reference (parameter 3-10 Preset Reference), variable analog references, variable digital pulse references, and various eldbus references in any unit the frequency converter is monitoring ([Hz], [RPM], [Nm], and so on).

2. Y (the relative reference): A sum of 1 xed preset reference (parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference) and 1 variable analog reference (parameter 3-18 Relative Scaling Reference Resource) in [%].

The 2 types of reference inputs are combined in the following formula: Remote reference=X+X*Y/100%. If relative reference is not used, set parameter 3-18 Relative

Scaling Reference Resource to [0] No function and parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference to 0%. The digital

inputs on the frequency converter can activate both the catch up/slow down function and the freeze reference function. The functions and parameters are described in

the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide. The scaling of analog references is described in parameter groups 6-1* Analog Input 53 and 6-2* Analog Input 54, and the scaling of digital pulse references is described in parameter group 5-5* Pulse Input. Reference limits and ranges are set in parameter group 3-0* Reference Limits.

2.4.1 Reference Limits

Parameter 3-00 Reference Range, parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference, and parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference dene

the allowed range of the sum of all references. The sum of all references is clamped when necessary. The relation between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are shown in Illustration 2.15 and Illustration 2.16.

Illustration 2.15 Sum of All References When Reference Range

is Set to 0

2 2

Illustration 2.16 Sum of All References When Reference Range

is Set to 1

The value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference cannot be set to less than 0, unless parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode is set to [3] Process. In that case, the following relations between the resulting reference (after clamping) and the sum of all references are as shown in Illustration 2.17.

130BA186.11

P 3-03

P 3-02

Sum of all references

P 3-00 Reference Range= [0] Min to Max

Resulting reference

Resource output [Hz]

Resource input

Terminal X high

High reference/ feedback value

130BD431.10

[V]

Low reference/ feedback value

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.4.3 Scaling of Analog and Pulse References and Feedback

References and feedback are scaled from analog and pulse inputs in the same way. The only dierence is that a reference above or below the specied minimum and maximum endpoints (P1 and P2 in Illustration 2.18) are clamped while feedbacks above or below are not.

Illustration 2.17 Sum of All References When Minimum

Reference is Set to a Minus Value

2.4.2 Scaling of Preset References and Bus References

Preset references are scaled according to the following rules:

When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0]

•

Min–Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit] where unit can be any unit, for example RPM, m/s, and bar. 100% reference equals the maximum (absolute value of parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, absolute value of parameter 3-02 Minimum Reference).

When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1]

•

-Max–+Max, 0% reference equals 0 [unit], and 100% reference equals maximum reference.

Bus references are scaled according to the following rules:

When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [0]

•

Min–Max, 0% reference equals minimum reference and 100% reference equals maximum reference.

When parameter 3-00 Reference Range is set to [1]

•

-Max–+Max, -100% reference equals -maximum reference, and 100% reference equals maximum reference.

Illustration 2.18 Minimum and Maximum Endpoints

Resource output [Hz] or “No unit”

Resource input [mA]

Quadrant 2

Quadrant 3

Quadrant 1

Quadrant 4

Terminal X high

Low reference/feedback value

High reference/feedback value

-50

165020

130BD446.10

forward

reverse

Terminal low

Product Overview Design Guide

The endpoints P1 and P2 are dened in Table 2.5 depending on the choice of input.

Input Analog 53

voltage mode

P1=(Minimum input value, minimum reference value)

Minimum reference value Parameter 6-14 Te

rminal 53 Low

Ref./Feedb. Value

Minimum input value Parameter 6-10 Te

rminal 53 Low

Voltage [V]

P2=(Maximum input value, maximum reference value)

Maximum reference value Parameter 6-15 Te

rminal 53 High

Ref./Feedb. Value

Maximum input value Parameter 6-11 Te

rminal 53 High

Voltage [V]

Table 2.5 P1 and P2 Endpoints

Analog 54

voltage mode

Parameter 6-24 Te

rminal 54 Low

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-20 Te

rminal 54 Low

Voltage [V]

Parameter 6-25 Te

rminal 54 High

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-21 Te

rminal 54 High

Voltage [V]

Analog 54

current mode

Parameter 6-24 Ter

minal 54 Low Ref./

Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-22 Ter

minal 54 Low

Current [mA]

Parameter 6-25 Ter

minal 54 High Ref./

Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-23 Ter

minal 54 High

Current [mA]

Pulse input 29 Pulse input 33

Parameter 5-52 Ter

m. 29 Low Ref./

Feedb. Value

Parameter 5-50 Ter

m. 29 Low

Frequency [Hz]

Parameter 5-53 Ter

m. 29 High Ref./

Feedb. Value

Parameter 5-51 Ter

m. 29 High

Frequency [Hz]

Parameter 5-57 Term. 33

Low Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 5-55 Term. 33

Low Frequency [Hz]

Parameter 5-58 Term. 33

High Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 5-56 Term. 33

High Frequency [Hz]

2.4.4 Dead Band Around Zero

Sometimes, the reference (in rare cases also the feedback) should have a dead band around 0 to ensure that the machine is stopped when the reference is near 0.

2 2

To make the dead band active and to set the amount of dead band, do the following:

P1 or P2

Set either the minimum reference value (see Table 2.5 for relevant parameter) or maximum reference value at 0. In

•

other words, either P1 or P2 must be on the X-axis in Illustration 2.19.

Ensure that both points dening the scaling graph are in the same quadrant.

•

denes the size of the dead band as shown in Illustration 2.19.

Illustration 2.19 Size of Dead Band

-20

130BD454.10

Analog input 53

Low reference 0 Hz High reference 20 Hz Low voltage 1 V High voltage 10 V

Ext. source 1

Range:

0.0% (0 Hz)

100.0% (20 Hz)

Ext. reference

Range:

0.0% (0 Hz)

20 Hz 10V

Ext. Reference

Absolute 0 Hz 1 V

Reference algorithm

Reference

100.0% (20 Hz)

0.0% (0 Hz)

Range:

Limited to:

0%- +100%

(0 Hz- +20 Hz)

Limited to: -200%- +200% (-40 Hz- +40 Hz)

Reference is scaled according to min

max reference giving a speed.!!!

Scale to

speed

+20 Hz

-20 Hz

Range:

Speed setpoint

Motor control

Range:

-8 Hz +8 Hz

Motor

Digital input 19 Low No reversing

High Reversing

Limits Speed Setpoint according to min max speed.!!!

Motor PID

Dead band

Digital input

General Reference parameters: Reference Range: Min - Max Minimum Reference: 0 Hz (0,0%)

Maximum Reference: 20 Hz (100,0%)

General Motor parameters: Motor speed direction:Both directions Motor speed Low limit: 0 Hz Motor speed high limit: 8 Hz

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Case 1: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part I

Illustration 2.20 shows how reference input with limits inside minimum to maximum limits clamps.

Illustration 2.20 Clamping of Reference Input with Limits inside Minimum to Maximum

30 Hz

20 Hz

130BD433.11

-20 Hz

Analog input 53

Low reference 0 Hz High reference 20 Hz Low voltage 1 V High voltage 10 V

Ext. source 1

Range:

0.0% (0 Hz)

150.0% (30 Hz)

Ext. reference Range:

0.0% (0 Hz)

30 Hz 10 V

Ext. Reference

Absolute 0 Hz 1 V

Reference algorithm

Reference

100.0% (20 Hz)

0.0% (0 Hz)

Range:

Limited to:

-100%- +100%

(-20 Hz- +20 Hz)

Limited to: -200%- +200%

(-40 Hz- +40 Hz)

Reference is scaled according to

max reference giving a speed.!!!

Scale to speed

+20 Hz

-20 Hz

Range:

Speed setpoint

Motor

control

Range:

–10 Hz +10 Hz

Motor

Digital input 19 Low No reversing

High Reversing

Limits Speed Setpoint according to min max speed.!!!

Motor PID

Dead band

Digital input

General Reference

parameters:

Reference Range: -Max - Max Minimum Reference: Don't care

Maximum Reference: 20 Hz (100.0%)

General Motor parameters: Motor speed direction: Both directions Motor speed Low limit: 0 Hz Motor speed high limit: 10 Hz

Product Overview Design Guide

Case 2: Positive reference with dead band, digital input to trigger reverse, part II

Illustration 2.21 shows how reference input with limits outside -maximum to +maximum limits clamps to the input low and high limits before adding to external reference, and how the external reference is clamped to -maximum to +maximum by the reference algorithm.

2 2

Illustration 2.21 Clamping of Reference Input with Limits outside -Maximum to +Maximum

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.5 PID Control

2.5.1 Speed PID Control

Parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode

[1] Speed closed loop

Table 2.6 Control Congurations, Active Speed Control

1) Not available indicates that the

Parameter Description of function

Parameter 7-00 Speed PID Feedback Source Select from which input the speed PID gets its feedback.

Parameter 7-02 Speed PID Proportional Gain The higher the value, the quicker the control. However, too high a value may lead to

Parameter 7-03 Speed PID Integral Time Eliminates steady state speed error. Lower values mean quicker reaction. However, too low

Parameter 7-04 Speed PID Dierentiation Time Provides a gain proportional to the rate of change of the feedback. A setting of 0 disables

Parameter 7-05 Speed PID Di. Gain Limit If there are quick changes in reference or feedback in a given application, which means

Parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time A low-pass lter that dampens oscillations on the feedback signal and improves steady

specic mode is not available at all.

Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle

U/f

Not available

oscillations.

a value may lead to oscillations.

the dierentiator.

that the error changes swiftly, the dierentiator may soon become too dominant. This is

because it reacts to changes in the error. The quicker the error changes, the stronger the

dierentiator gain is. The dierentiator gain can thus be limited to allow setting of the

reasonable dierentiation time for slow changes and a suitably quick gain for quick

changes.

state performance. However, too long a lter time deteriorates the dynamic performance of

the speed PID control.

Practical settings of parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter Time taken from the number of

pulses per revolution on from encoder (PPR):

Encoder PPR Parameter 7-06 Speed PID Lowpass Filter

512 10 ms

1024 5 ms

2048 2 ms

4096 1 ms

VVC

Active

Time

Table 2.7 Speed Control Parameters

96 97 9998

91 92 93 95

L1 L2L1PEL3

W PEVU

32 33

24 Vdc

130BD372.11

Product Overview Design Guide

Example of programming the speed control

In this example, the speed PID control is used to maintain a constant motor speed regardless of the changing load on the motor. The required motor speed is set via a potentiometer connected to terminal 53. The speed range is 0–1500 RPM corresponding to 0–10 V over the potentiometer. A switch connected to terminal 18 controls starting and stopping. The speed PID monitors the actual RPM of the motor by using a 24 V (HTL) incremental encoder as feedback. The feedback sensor is an encoder (1024 pulses per revolution) connected to terminals 32 and 33. The pulse frequency range to terminals 32 and 33 is 4 Hz–32 kHz.

2 2

Illustration 2.22 Speed Control Programming

Follow the steps in Table 2.8 to program the speed control (see explanation of settings in the programming guide)

In Table 2.8, it is assumed that all other parameters and switches remain at their default setting.

Function Parameter number Setting

1) Make sure that the motor runs properly. Do the following:

Set the motor parameters using the data on the

nameplate.

Perform an AMA. Parameter 1-29 Automatic

2) Check that the motor is running and that the encoder is attached properly. Do the following:

Press [Hand On]. Check that the motor is running and note

the rotation direction (referred to as the positive direction).

3) Make sure that the frequency converter limits are set to safe values:

Set acceptable limits for the references. Parameter 3-02 Minimum

Check that the ramp settings are within frequency

converter capabilities and allowed application operating

specications.

Parameter group 1-2*

As specied by motor nameplate.

Motor Data

[1] Enable complete AMA

Motor Adaption (AMA)

Set a positive reference.

Reference

Parameter 3-03 Maximum

Reference

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1

Default setting

Ramp Up Time

Parameter 3-42 Ramp 1

Default setting

Ramp Down Time

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Set acceptable limits for the motor speed and frequency. Parameter 4-12 Motor

Speed Low Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-14 Motor

4) Congure the speed control and select the motor control principle:

Activation of speed control Parameter 1-00 Congu-

Selection of motor control principle Parameter 1-01 Motor

5) Congure and scale the reference to the speed control:

Set up analog input 53 as a reference source. Parameter 3-15 Reference 1

Scale analog input 53 0 Hz (0 V) to 50 Hz (10 V) Parameter group 6-1*

6) Congure the 24 V HTL encoder signal as feedback for the motor control and the speed control:

Set up digital input 32 and 33 as encoder inputs. Parameter 5-14 Terminal

Select terminal 32/33 as speed PID feedback. Parameter 7-00 Speed PID

7) Tune the speed control PID parameters:

Use the tuning guidelines when relevant or tune manually. Parameter group 7-0*

8) Finish:

Save the parameter setting to the LCP for safe keeping. Parameter 0-50 LCP Copy [1] All to LCP

Speed High Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-19 Max

Output Frequency

ration Mode

Control Principle

Source

Analog Input 1

32 Digital Input

Parameter 5-15 Terminal

33 Digital Input

Feedback Source

Speed PID Ctrl.

0 Hz

50 Hz

60 Hz

[1] Speed closed loop

[1] VVC

Not necessary (default)

[82] Encoder input B

[83] Encoder input A

[1] 24 V Encoder

Table 2.8 Programming Order for Speed PID Control

P 7-30 normal/inverse

PID

P 7-38

*(-1)

Feed forward

Reference Handling

Feedback Handling

% [unit]

% [speed]

Scale to speed

P 4-10 Motor speed direction

To motor control

Process PID

130BA178.10

-100%

100%

-100%

100%

Product Overview Design Guide

2.5.2 Process PID Control

The process PID control can be used to control application parameters that can be measured by a sensor (for example pressure, temperature, ow) and aected by the connected motor through a pump, fan, or other connected devices.

Table 2.9 shows the control congurations in which the process control is possible. Refer to chapter 2.3 Control Structures to see where the speed control is active.

Parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode Parameter 1-01 Motor Control Principle

U/f

VVC

[3] Process Process Process

Table 2.9 Control Conguration

NOTICE

The process control PID works under the default parameter setting, but tuning the parameters is recommended to optimize the application control performance.

2 2

Illustration 2.23 Process PID Control Diagram

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.5.3 Process Control Relevant Parameters

Parameter Description of function

Parameter 7-20 Process CL Feedback 1 Resource Select from which source (analog or pulse input) the process PID gets its feedback.

Parameter 7-22 Process CL Feedback 2 Resource Optional: Determine if (and from where) the process PID gets an additional feedback

signal. If an additional feedback source is selected, the 2 feedback signals are added

before being used in the process PID control.

Parameter 7-30 Process PID Normal/ Inverse

Control

Parameter 7-31 Process PID Anti Windup The anti-windup function ensures that when either a frequency limit or a torque limit is

Parameter 7-32 Process PID Start Speed In some applications, reaching the required speed/setpoint can take a long time. In such

Parameter 7-33 Process PID Proportional Gain The higher the value, the quicker the control. However, too large a value may lead to

Parameter 7-34 Process PID Integral Time Eliminates steady state speed error. A lower value means a quicker reaction. However, too

Parameter 7-35 Process PID Dierentiation Time Provides a gain proportional to the rate of feedback change. A setting of 0 disables the

Parameter 7-36 Process PID Di. Gain Limit If there are quick changes in reference or feedback in a given application (which means

Parameter 7-38 Process PID Feed Forward

Factor

Parameter 5-54 Pulse Filter Time Constant

•

#29 (Pulse term. 29)

Parameter 5-59 Pulse Filter Time Constant

•

#33 (Pulse term. 33)

Parameter 6-16 Terminal 53 Filter Time

•

Constant (Analog term 53)

Parameter 6-26 Terminal 54 Filter Time

•

Constant (Analog term. 54)

Under [0] Normal operation, the process control responds with an increase of the motor

speed if the feedback is lower than the reference. Under [1] Inverse operation, the process

control responds with a decreasing motor speed instead.

reached, the integrator is set to a gain that corresponds to the actual frequency. This

avoids integrating on an error that cannot be compensated for by a speed change. Press

[0] O to disable this function.

applications, it may be an advantage to set a xed motor speed from the frequency

converter before the process control is activated. Set a xed motor speed by setting a

process PID start value (speed) in parameter 7-32 Process PID Start Speed.

oscillations.

small a value may lead to oscillations.

dierentiator.

that the error changes swiftly), the dierentiator may soon become too dominant. This is

because it reacts to changes in the error. The quicker the error changes, the stronger the

dierentiator gain is. The dierentiator gain can thus be limited to allow setting of the

reasonable dierentiation time for slow changes.

In applications where there is a good (and approximately linear) correlation between the

process reference and the motor speed necessary for obtaining that reference, use the

feed forward factor to achieve better dynamic performance of the process PID control.

If there are oscillations of the current/voltage feedback signal, use a low-pass lter to

dampen these oscillations. The pulse lter time constant represents the speed limit of the

ripples occurring on the feedback signal.

Example: If the low-pass lter has been set to 0.1 s, the limit speed is 10 RAD/s (the

reciprocal of 0.1 s), corresponding to (10/(2 x π))=1.6 Hz. This means that the lter

dampens all currents/voltages that vary by more than 1.6 oscillations per second. The

control is only carried out on a feedback signal that varies by a frequency (speed) of less

than 1.6 Hz.

The low-pass lter improves steady state performance, but selecting a too long lter time

deteriorates the dynamic performance of the process PID control.

Table 2.10 Process Control Parameters

Temperature

Fan speed

Temperature transmitter

Heat

Heat generating process

Cold air

130BA218.10

100kW

n °CW

Transmitter

96 97 9998

91 92 93 95

L1 L2

PEL3

W PEVU

130BF102.10

Product Overview Design Guide

2.5.4 Example of Process PID Control

Illustration 2.24 is an example of a process PID control used in a ventilation system:

Illustration 2.24 Process PID Control in a Ventilation System

In a ventilation system, the temperature can be set from -5 to +35 °C (23–95 °F) with a potentiometer of 0–10 V. To keep the set temperature constant, use the process control.

Illustration 2.25 2-wire Transmitter

The control is inverse, which means that when the temperature increases, the ventilation speed is increased as well to generate more air. When the temperature drops, the speed is reduced. The transmitter used is a temperature sensor with a working range of -10 to +40 °C (14–104 °F), 4–20 mA.

1. Start/stop via the switch connected to terminal

18.

2. Temperature reference via potentiometer (-5 to

+35 °C (23–95 °F), 0–10 V DC) connected to terminal 53.

3. Temperature feedback via transmitter (-10 to

+40 °C (14–104 °F), 4–20 mA) connected to terminal 54.

Function Parameter

number

Initialize the frequency converter. Parameter 14-2

2 Operation

Mode

1) Set motor parameters:

Set the motor parameters according to nameplate

data.

Parameter

group 1-2*

Motor Data

Perform a full AMA. Parameter 1-29

Automatic

Motor

Adaption

2) Check that motor is running in the correct direction.

When the motor is connected to the frequency converter with straight forward phase order as U-U; V-V; W-W, the motor shaft usually

turns clockwise seen into shaft end.

Press [Hand On]. Check the shaft direction by

applying a manual reference.

(AMA)

Setting

[2] Initialisation - make a power cycling - press reset.

As stated on motor nameplate.

[1] Enable complete AMA.

2 2

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Function Parameter

number

If the motor turns opposite of required direction:

1. Change motor direction in

parameter 4-10 Motor Speed Direction.

2. Turn o mains, and wait for DC link to

discharge.

3. Switch 2 of the motor phases.

Set conguration mode. Parameter 1-00

3) Set reference conguration, that is the range for reference handling. Set scaling of analog input in parameter group 6-** Analog In/Out.

Set reference/feedback units.

Set minimum reference (10 °C (50 °F)).

Set maximum reference (80 °C (176 °F)).

If the set value is determined from a preset value

(array parameter), set other reference sources to [0]

No Function.

4) Adjust limits for the frequency converter:

Set ramp times to an appropriate value as 20 s. Parameter 3-41

Set minimum speed limits.

Set motor speed maximum limit.

Set maximum output frequency.

Set parameter 6-19 Terminal 53 mode and parameter 6-29 Terminal 54 mode to voltage or current mode.

5) Scale analog inputs used for reference and feedback:

Parameter 4-10

Motor Speed

Direction

Conguration

Mode

Parameter 3-01

Reference/

Feedback Unit

Parameter 3-02

Minimum

Reference

Parameter 3-03

Maximum

Reference

Parameter 3-10

Preset

Reference

Ramp 1 Ramp

Up Time

Parameter 3-42

Ramp 1 Ramp

Down Time

Parameter 4-12

Motor Speed

Low Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-14

Motor Speed

High Limit [Hz]

Parameter 4-19

Max Output

Frequency

Setting

Select correct motor shaft direction.

[3] Process.

[60] °C Unit shown on display.

-5 °C (23 °F).

35 °C (95 °F).

[0] 35%.

Par . 3 − 10

Ref  = 

Parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference to parameter 3-18 Relative

Scaling Reference Resource [0] = No Function.

20 s

10 Hz

50 Hz

60 Hz

 ×  Par . 3 − 03  −  par . 3 − 02  = 24, 5°C

100

Product Overview Design Guide

Function Parameter

number

Set terminal 53 low voltage.

Set terminal 53 high voltage.

Set terminal 54 low feedback value.

Set terminal 54 high feedback value.

Set feedback source.

6) Basic PID settings:

Process PID normal/inverse. Parameter 7-30

Process PID anti wind-up. Parameter 7-31

Process PID start speed. Parameter 7-32

Save parameters to LCP. Parameter 0-50

Parameter 6-10

Terminal 53

Low Voltage

Parameter 6-11

Terminal 53

High Voltage

Parameter 6-24

Terminal 54

Low Ref./Feedb.

Value

Parameter 6-25

Terminal 54

High Ref./

Feedb. Value

Parameter 7-20

Process CL

Feedback 1

Resource

Process PID

Normal/

Inverse Control

Process PID

Anti Windup

Process PID

Start Speed

LCP Copy

Setting

0 V

10 V

-5 °C (23 °F)

35 °C (95 °F)

[2] Analog input 54

[0] Normal

[1] On

300 RPM

[1] All to LCP

2 2

Table 2.11 Example of Process PID Control Set-up

2.5.5 Process Controller Optimization

After conguring the basic settings as described in chapter 2.5.5 Programming Order, optimize the proportional gain, the integration time, and the dierentiation time (parameter 7-33 Process PID Proportional Gain,

parameter 7-34 Process PID Integral Time, and parameter 7-35 Process PID Dierentiation Time). In most

processes, complete the following procedure:

1. Start the motor.

2. Set parameter 7-33 Process PID Proportional Gain to 0.3 and increase it until the feedback signal again begins to vary continuously. Reduce the value until the feedback signal has stabilized. Lower the proportional gain by 40–60%.

3. Set parameter 7-34 Process PID Integral Time to 20 s and reduce the value until the feedback signal again begins to vary continuously. Increase

the integration time until the feedback signal stabilizes, followed by an increase of 15–50%.

4. Only use parameter 7-35 Process PID Dierentiation Time for fast-acting systems (dierentiation time). The typical value is 4 times the set integration time. Use the dierentiator when the setting of the proportional gain and the integration time has been fully optimized. Make sure that the lowpass lter dampens the oscillations on the feedback signal suciently.

NOTICE

If necessary, start/stop can be activated several times to provoke a variation of the feedback signal.

130BA183.10

y(t)

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

2.5.6 Ziegler Nichols Tuning Method

4. Use Table 2.12 to calculate the necessary PID control parameters.

Danfoss recommends the Ziegler Nichols tuning method.

To tune the PID controls of the frequency converter,

The process operator can do the nal tuning of the control iteratively to yield satisfactory control.

NOTICE

Do not use the Ziegler Nichols Tuning method in applications that could be damaged by the oscillations created by marginally stable control settings.

The criteria for adjusting the parameters are based on evaluating the system at the limit of stability rather than on taking a step response. Increase the proportional gain until observing continuous oscillations (as measured on the feedback), that is, until the system becomes marginally stable. The corresponding gain (Ku) is called the ultimate gain and is the gain, at which the oscillation is obtained. The period of the oscillation (Pu) (called the ultimate period) is determined as shown in Illustration 2.26 and should be measured when the amplitude of oscillation is small.

1. Select only proportional control, meaning that the integral time is set to the maximum value, while the dierentiation time is set to 0.

2. Increase the value of the proportional gain until the point of instability is reached (sustained oscillations) and the critical value of gain, Ku, is reached.

3. Measure the period of oscillation to obtain the critical time constant, Pu.

Illustration 2.26 Marginally Stable System

Type of

control

PI-control 0.45 x K

PID tight

control

PID some

overshoot

Table 2.12 Ziegler Nichols Tuning for Regulator

Proportional

gain

0.6 x K

0.33 x K

Integral time Dierentiation

0.833 x P

0.5 x P

time

0.125 x P

0.33 x P

–

EMC Emission and Immunity

2.6

2.6.1 General Aspects of EMC Emission

Burst transient is conducted at frequencies in the range 150 kHz to 30 MHz. Airborne interference from the frequency converter system in the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz is generated from the frequency converter, motor cable, and motor. Capacitive currents in the motor cable coupled with a high dU/dt from the motor voltage generate leakage currents. Using a shielded motor cable increases the leakage current (see Illustration 2.27) because shielded cables have higher capacitance to ground than unshielded cables. If the leakage current is not mains in the radio frequency range below approximately 5 MHz. Since the leakage current (I1) is carried back to the unit through the shield (I3), there is only a small electro-magnetic eld (I4) from the shielded motor cable.

The shield reduces the radiated interference but increases the low-frequency interference on the mains. Connect the motor cable shield to the frequency converter enclosure and the motor enclosure. This is best done by using integrated shield clamps to avoid twisted shield ends (pigtails). The shield clamps increase the shield impedance at higher frequencies, which reduces the shield

eect and increases the leakage current (I4).

Mount the shield on the enclosure at both ends if a shielded cable is used for the following purposes:

•

Fieldbus

Network

Relay

ltered, it causes greater interference on the

175ZA062.12

Product Overview Design Guide

Control cable

•

Signal interface

•

Brake

•

In some situations, however, it is necessary to break the shield to avoid current loops.

2 2

1 Ground cable

2 Shield

3 AC mains supply

4 Frequency converter

5 Shielded motor cable

6 Motor

Illustration 2.27 EMC Emission

If placing the shield on a mounting plate for the frequency converter, use a metal mounting plate to convey the shield currents back to the unit. Ensure good electrical contact from the mounting plate through the mounting screws to the frequency converter chassis.

When using unshielded cables, some emission requirements are not complied with, although the immunity requirements are observed.

To reduce the interference level from the entire system (unit and installation), make motor and brake cables as short as possible. Avoid placing cables with a sensitive signal level alongside mains, motor, and brake cables. Radio interference higher than 50 MHz (airborne) is especially generated by the control electronics.

Product Overview

2.6.2 EMC Emission

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

motor, and shielded motor cables.

Filter type

(internal)

3x380–480 V 3x200–240 V 1x200–240 V Conducted Radiated Conducted Radiated Conducted Radiated

A2 lter

A1 lter

A2 lter

EMC

screw

removed

A1 lter

EMC

screw

removed

Supply voltage/rated power Class A2/EN 55011 Class A1/EN 55011 Class B/EN 55011

0.37–22 kW

(0.5–30 hp)

–

– –

0.37–7.5 kW

(0.5–10 hp)

11–22 kW

(15–30 hp)

– –

0.37–22 kW

(0.5–30 hp)

–

– –

0.37–7.5 kW

(0.5–10 hp)

11–22 kW

(15–30 hp)

– –

– – 25 m (82 ft)

0.37–4 kW

(0.5–5.4 hp)

– 25 m (82 ft)

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

– – – – – –

– – 25 m (82 ft)

– – 50 m (164 ft)

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

40 m (131 ft)

– – – – – – – –

0.37–4 kW

(0.5–5.4 hp)

– – – – – – –

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

– – – – – –

– – 5 m (16.4 ft)

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

5 m (16.4 ft)

Yes

– – – –

25 m

(82 ft)

50 m

(164 ft)

40 m

(131 ft)

Yes – –

Yes

15 m

(49.2 ft)

– – – –

–

The test results in Table 2.13 have been obtained using a system with a frequency converter (with the mounting plate), a

Table 2.13 EMC Emission (Filter type: internal)

1) Frequency range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz is not harmonized between IEC/EN 61800-3 and EN 55011 and not mandatorily included.

2) Low ground leakage current. Compatible to run on ELCB/IT mains.

The test results in Table 2.14 have been obtained using a system with a frequency converter (with the mounting plate), an external

lter, a motor, and shielded motor cables. 3-phase 380–480 V frequency converter should be with internal A1 lter.

Product Overview Design Guide

Filter type

(external)

Supply voltage/rated power Class A2/EN 55011 Class A1/EN 55011 Class B/EN 55011

3x380–480 V 3x200–240 V 1x200–240 V Conducted Radiated Conducted Radiated Conducted Radiated

EMC lter

dU/dt

lter

Sine-wave

lter

EMC lter

sine-wave

lter

0.37–22 kW

(0.5–30 hp)

–

– –

0.37–7.5 kW

(0.5–10 hp)

11–22 kW

(15–30 hp)

–

– –

0.37–7.5 kW

(0.5–10 hp)

11–15 kW

(15–20 hp)

18.5–22 kW

(25–30 hp)

–

– –

0.37–15 kW

(0.5–20 hp)

18.5–22 kW

(25–30 hp)

–

– –

– – 100 m (328 ft)

0.37–4 kW

(0.5–5.4 hp)

– – – – – – –

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

100 m (328 ft)

Yes

– – – – – – – –

– – 150 m (492 ft)

0.37–4 kW

(0.5–5.4 hp)

– – – – – – –

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

– – 50 m (164 ft)

– – 150 m (492 ft)

0.37–4 kW

(0.5–5.4 hp)

– – – – – – –

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

50 m (164 ft)

– – 150 m (492 ft)

– – – – – –

Yes

– – – – – – – –

0.37–4 kW

(0.5–5.4 hp)

– – – – – – –

0.37–2.2 kW

(0.5–3 hp)

150 m (492 ft)

Yes

100 m

(328 ft)

100 m

(328 ft)

40 m

(131 ft)

50 m

(164 ft)

50 m

(164 ft)

100 m

(328 ft)

50 m

(164 ft)

100 m

(328 ft)

100 m

(328 ft)

Yes

Yes – –

25 m

(82 ft)

40 m

(131 ft)

–

2 2

–

Table 2.14 EMC Emission (Filter type: external)

1) Frequency range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz is not harmonized between IEC/EN 61800-3 and EN 55011 and not mandatorily included.

Product Overview

2.6.3 EMC Immunity

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 complies with the industrial environment requirements, which are higher than the requirements for the home and oce environments. Therefore, FC 280 also complies with the lower requirements for home and oce environments with a large safety margin.

To document immunity against burst transient from electrical phenomena, the following immunity tests have been made on a system consisting of:

A frequency converter (with options if relevant).

•

A shielded control cable.

•

A control box with potentiometer, motor cable, and motor.

•

The tests were performed in accordance with the following basic standards:

EN 61000-4-2 (IEC 61000-4-2) Electrostatic discharges (ESD): Simulation of electrostatic discharges from human

•

beings.

EN 61000-4-3 (IEC 61000-4-3) Radiated immunity: Amplitude modulated simulation of the

•

eects of radar and

radio communication equipment and mobile communications equipment.

EN 61000-4-4 (IEC 61000-4-4) Burst transients: Simulation of interference caused by switching a contactor, relay,

•

or similar devices.

EN 61000-4-5 (IEC 61000-4-5) Surge transients: Simulation of transients caused by, for example, lightning that

•

strikes near installations.

EN 61000-4-6 (IEC 61000-4-6) Conducted immunity: Simulation of the eect from radio-transmission equipment

•

joined by connection cables.

FC 280 follows IEC 61800-3 standard. See Table 2.15 for details.

Voltage range: 380–480 V

Product standard 61800-3

Test

Acceptance criterion B B B A A

Mains cable – – 2 kV CN

Motor cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 V

Brake cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 V

Load sharing cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 V

Relay cable – – 4 kV CCC – 10 V

Control cable – –

Standard/eldbus cable – –

LCP cable – –

Enclosure

Denitions

CD: Contact discharge

AD: Air discharge

ESD Radiated

immunity

4 kV CD

8 kV AD

10 V/m – – –

DM: Dierential mode

CM: Common mode

Burst Surge Conducted

2 kV/2 Ω DM

2 kV/12 Ω CM

Length >2 m (6.6 ft)

1 kV CCC

Length >2 m (6.6 ft)

1 kV CCC

Length >2 m (6.6 ft)

1 kV CCC

CN: Direct injection through coupling network

CCC: Injection through capacitive coupling clamp

Unshielded:

1 kV/42 Ω CM

Unshielded:

1 kV/42 Ω CM

– 10 V

immunity

10 V

RMS

Table 2.15 EMC Immunity

130BD447.11

130BB955.12

Leakage current

Motor cable length

Product Overview Design Guide

2.7 Galvanic Isolation

PELV oers protection through extra low voltage. Protection against electric shock is ensured when the electrical supply is of the PELV type and the installation is made as described in local/national regulations on PELV supplies.

All control terminals and relay terminals 01–03 comply with PELV (protective extra low voltage). This does not apply to grounded Delta leg above 400 V.

Galvanic (ensured) isolation is obtained by fullling requirements for higher isolation and by providing the relevant creapage/clearance distances. These requirements are described in the EN 61800-5-1 standard.

The components that make up the electrical isolation, as shown in Illustration 2.28, also comply with the requirements for higher isolation and the relevant test as described in EN 61800-5-1. The PELV galvanic isolation can be shown in 3 locations (see Illustration 2.28):

WARNING

Before touching any electrical parts, ensure that other voltage inputs have been disconnected, such as load sharing (linkage of DC intermediate circuit) and the motor connection for kinetic back-up. Observe the

discharge time stated in chapter Safety in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Operating Guide. Failure to follow recommendations could result in death or serious injury.

2.8 Ground Leakage Current

Follow national and local codes regarding protective grounding of equipment with a leakage current >3.5 mA. Frequency converter technology implies high frequency switching at high power. This switching generates a leakage current in the ground connection. A fault current in the frequency converter at the output power terminals might contain a DC component, which can charge the lter capacitors and cause a transient ground current. The ground leakage current is made up of several contributions and depends on various system congurations including RFI ltering, shielded motor cables, and frequency converter power.

2 2

To maintain PELV, all connections made to the control terminals must be PELV, for example, the thermistor must be reinforced/double insulated.

1 Power supply (SMPS) for control cassette

2 Communication between power card and control cassette

3 Isolation between STO inputs and IGBT circuit

4 Customer relay

Illustration 2.28 Galvanic Isolation

The functional galvanic isolation (a and b on Illustration 2.28) is for the 24 V back-up option and the RS485 standard bus interface.

Illustration 2.29 Inuence the Cable Length and Power Size on

Leakage Current, Pa>P

The leakage current also depends on the line distortion.

130BB956.12

THDv=0%

THDv=5%

Leakage current

130BB958.12

Cable

150 Hz

3rd harmonics

50 Hz

Mains

RCD with low f

cut-

RCD with high f

cut-

Leakage current

Frequency

130BB957.11

Leakage current [mA]

100 Hz

2 kHz

100 kHz

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Illustration 2.31 Mains Contributions to Leakage Current

Illustration 2.30 Inuence of Line Distortion on Leakage

Current

NOTICE

High leakage current may cause the RCDs to switch o. To avoid this problem, remove the RFI screw when a lter is being charged.

EN/IEC61800-5-1 (Power Drive System Product Standard) requires special care if the leakage current exceeds 3.5 mA. Grounding must be reinforced in 1 of the following ways:

Ground wire (terminal 95) of at least 10 mm

•

(8 AWG).

2 separate ground wires that comply with the

•

dimensioning rules.

See EN/IEC61800-5-1 for further information.

Using RCDs

Where residual current devices (RCDs), also known as earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs), are used, comply with the following:

Use RCDs of type B only, which are capable of

•

detecting AC and DC currents.

Use RCDs with an inrush delay to prevent faults

•

caused by transient ground currents.

Dimension RCDs according to the system congu-

•

ration and environmental considerations.

Illustration 2.32 Inuence of Cut-o Frequency of the RCD on

what is Responded to/Measured

For more details, refer to the RCD Application Note.

Brake Functions

2.9

2.9.1 Mechanical Holding Brake

A mechanical holding brake mounted directly on the motor shaft normally performs static braking.

NOTICE

When the holding brake is included in a safety chain, a frequency converter cannot provide a safe control of a mechanical brake. Include a redundancy circuitry for the brake control in the total installation.

to ta

130BA167.10

Load

Time

Speed

Product Overview Design Guide

2.9.2 Dynamic Braking

Dynamic braking is established by:

Resistor brake: A brake IGBT keeps the

•

overvoltage under a certain threshold by directing the brake energy from the motor to the connected brake resistor (parameter 2-10 Brake Function = [1] Resistor brake). Adjust the threshold in parameter 2-14 Brake voltage reduce, with 70 V range for 3x380–480 V.

AC brake: The brake energy is distributed in the

•

motor by changing the loss conditions in the motor. The AC brake function cannot be used in applications with high cycling frequency as this overheats the motor (parameter 2-10 Brake Function = [2] AC brake).

DC brake: An overmodulated DC current added to

•

the AC current works as an eddy current brake (parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time≠0 s).

2.9.3 Brake Resistor Selection

To handle higher demands by generatoric braking, a brake resistor is necessary. Using a brake resistor ensures that the heat is absorbed in the brake resistor and not in the

frequency converter. For more information, see the VLT Brake Resistor MCE 101 Design Guide.

If the amount of kinetic energy transferred to the resistor in each braking period is not known, calculate the average power based on the cycle time and braking time. The resistor intermittent duty cycle is an indication of the duty cycle at which the resistor is active. Illustration 2.33 shows a typical braking cycle.

The intermittent duty cycle for the resistor is calculated as follows:

Illustration 2.33 Typical Braking Cycle

Power range:

0.37–22 kW (0.5–30 hp) 3x380–480 V

0.37–3.7 kW (0.5–5 hp) 3x200–240 V

Cycle time (s) 120

Braking duty cycle at 100% torque Continuous

Braking duty cycle at overtorque

(150/160%)

Table 2.16 Braking at High Overload Torque Level

40%

Danfoss oers brake resistors with duty cycles of 10% and 40%. If a 10% duty cycle is applied, the brake resistors are able to absorb brake power for 10% of the cycle time. The remaining 90% of the cycle time is used for dissipating excess heat.

NOTICE

Make sure that the resistor is designed to handle the required braking time.

The maximum allowed load on the brake resistor is stated as a peak power at a given intermittent duty cycle and can be calculated as:

2 2

Duty cycle = tb/T

tb is the braking time in seconds. T = cycle time in seconds.

Brake resistance calculation

x0 . 83

Ω = 

dc,br

peak



where

peak

= P

x Mbr [%] x η

motor

x η

VLT

[W]

As shown, the brake resistance depends on the DC-link voltage (Udc).

Size Brake active

dc,br

FC 280

3x380–480 V

FC 280

3x200–240 V

Table 2.17 Threshold of the Brake Resistance

770 V 800 V 800 V

390 V 410 V 410 V

Warning

before cutout

Cutout (trip)

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

The threshold can be adjusted in parameter 2-14 Brake

2.9.4 Control with Brake Function

voltage reduce, with 70 V range.

The brake is protected against short-circuiting of the brake

NOTICE

The greater the reduction value, the faster the reaction to a generator overload. Should only be used if there are problems with overvoltage in the DC-link voltage.

resistor, and the brake transistor is monitored to ensure that short-circuiting of the transistor is detected. A relay/ digital output can be used for protecting the brake resistor from overloading caused by a fault in the frequency converter. In addition, the brake enables readout of the momentary

NOTICE

Make sure that the brake resistor can cope with a voltage of 410 V or 800 V.

power and the mean power for the latest 120 s. The brake can also monitor the power energizing and make sure that it does not exceed a limit selected in parameter 2-12 Brake

Power Limit (kW). Danfoss recommends calculating the brake resistance R according to the following formula. The recommended brake resistance guarantees that the frequency converter is able to brake at the highest braking torque (M

br(%)

160%.

x100x0.83

 Ω = 

rec

is typically at 0.80 (≤7.5 kW (10 hp)); 0.85 (11–22 kW

motor

xM

br( % )

xη

VLT

xη

motor



(15–30 hp)) η

is typically at 0.97

VLT

) of

rec

NOTICE

Monitoring the brake power is not a safety function. A

thermal switch is required to prevent the brake power

from exceeding the limit. The brake resistor circuit is not

ground leakage protected.

Overvoltage control (OVC) (exclusive brake resistor) can be

selected as an alternative brake function in

parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control. This function is active

for all units. The function ensures that a trip can be

avoided if the DC-link voltage increases. This is done by For FC 280, R

at 160% braking torque is written as:

rec

increasing the output frequency to limit the voltage from

the DC link. It is a useful function, for example if the ramp-

480

V: R

rec

396349

= 

397903

= 

motor

 Ω 

1) For frequency converters ≤7.5 kW (10 hp) shaft output.

2) For frequency converters 11–22 kW (15–30 hp) shaft output.

down time is too short to avoid tripping of the frequency

converter. In this situation, the ramp-down time is

extended.

NOTICE

OVC can be activated when running a PM motor (when

parameter 1-10 Motor Construction is set to [1] PM non-

salient SPM).

NOTICE

The resistance of the brake resistor should not be higher than the value recommended by Danfoss. For brake resistors with a higher ohmic value, the 160% braking torque may not be achieved because the frequency converter might cut out for safety reasons. The resistance should be bigger than R

min

NOTICE

If a short circuit in the brake transistor occurs, prevent power dissipation in the brake resistor by using a mains switch or contactor to disconnect the mains for the frequency converter. The frequency converter can control the contactor.

NOTICE

Do not touch the brake resistor because it can get hot during braking. To avoid re risk, place the brake resistor in a secure environment.

2.10 Motor Insulation

Modern design of motors for use with frequency

converters have a high degree of insulation to account for

new generation high-eciency IGBTs with high dU/dt. For

retrot in old motors it is necessary to conrm the motor

insulation or to mitigate with a dU/dt lter or if necessary

a sine-wave lter.

2.10.1 Sine-wave Filters

When a frequency converter controls a motor, resonance

noise is heard from the motor. This noise, which is the

result of the motor design, occurs every time an inverter

switch in the frequency converter is activated. The

frequency of the resonance noise thus corresponds to the

switching frequency of the frequency converter.

. . . . . .

Par. 13-11 Comparator Operator

Par. 13-43 Logic Rule Operator 2

Par. 13-51 SL Controller Event

Par. 13-52 SL Controller Action

130BB671.13

Coast Start timer Set Do X low Select set-up 2 . . .

Running Warning Torque limit Digital input X 30/2 . . .

= TRUE longer than..

. . . . . .

130BA062.14

State 1 13-51.0 13-52.0

State 2 13-51.1 13-52.1

Start event P13-01

State 3 13-51.2 13-52.2

State 4 13-51.3 13-52.3

Stop event P13-02

Product Overview Design Guide

Danfoss supplies a sine-wave lter to dampen the acoustic motor noise.

The lter reduces the ramp-up time of the voltage, the peak load voltage U

, and the ripple current ΔI to the

PEAK

motor, which means that current and voltage become almost sinusoidal. So, the acoustic motor noise is reduced to a minimum.

The ripple current in the sine-wave lter coils also causes some noise. Solve the problem by integrating the lter in a cabinet or similar.

2.10.2 dU/dt Filters

Danfoss supplies dU/dt lters. dU/dt lters are dierential mode, low-pass lters that reduce motor terminal phaseto-phase peak voltages and reduce the rise time to a level that lowers the stress on the insulation at the motor windings. This is especially an issue with short motor cables.

Compared to the sine-wave lters (see chapter 2.10.1 Sine- wave Filters), the dU/dt lters have a cut-o frequency above the switching frequency.

Smart Logic Controller

2.11

Smart logic control (SLC) is a sequence of user-dened actions (see parameter 13-52 SL Controller Action [x]) executed by the SLC when the associated user-dened event (see parameter 13-51 SL Controller Event [x]) is evaluated as true by the SLC. The condition for an event can be a particular status or that the output from a logic rule or a comparator operand becomes true. That leads to an associated action as shown in Illustration 2.34.

2 2

Illustration 2.34 Associated Action

Events and actions are each numbered and linked in pairs

(states). This means that when event [0] is fullled (attains

the value true), action [0] is executed. After this, the

conditions of event [1] are evaluated and if evaluated true,

action [1] is executed, and so on. Only 1 event is evaluated

at any time. If an event is evaluated as false, nothing

happens (in the SLC) during the current scan interval, and

no other events are evaluated. When the SLC starts, it

evaluates event [0] (and only event [0]) each scan interval.

Only when event [0] is evaluated true, the SLC executes

action [0] and starts evaluating event [1]. It is possible to

program 1–20 events and actions.

When the last event/action has been executed, the

sequence starts over again from event [0]/action [0].

Illustration 2.35 shows an example with 3 event/actions:

Illustration 2.35 Sequence with 3 Events/Actions

Par. 13-11 Comparator Operator

TRUE longer than.

. . .

Par. 13-10 Comparator Operand

Par. 13-12 Comparator Value

130BB672.10

. . . . . .

Par. 13-43 Logic Rule Operator 2

Par. 13-41 Logic Rule Operator 1

Par. 13-40 Logic Rule Boolean 1

Par. 13-42 Logic Rule Boolean 2

Par. 13-44 Logic Rule Boolean 3

130BB673.10

Product Overview

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Comparators

Comparators are used for comparing continuous variables (for example output frequency, output current, and analog input) to xed preset values.

The control unit may attempt to correct the ramp if

possible (parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control).

Incorrect slip compensation setting may cause

•

higher DC-link voltage.

The frequency converter turns o to protect the transistors

and the DC link capacitors when a certain voltage level is

reached.

To select the method used for controlling the DC-link

voltage level, see parameter 2-10 Brake Function and

parameter 2-17 Over-voltage Control.

Mains drop-out

Illustration 2.36 Comparators

During a mains drop-out, the frequency converter keeps

running until the DC-link voltage drops below the

minimum stop level, which is:

Logic rules

Combine up to 3 boolean inputs (true/false inputs) from timers, comparators, digital inputs, status bits, and events using the logical operators and, or, and not.

314 V for 3x380–480 V.

•

202 V for 3x200–240 V.

•

225 V for 1x200–240 V.

•

The mains voltage before the drop-out and the motor load

determines how long it takes for the inverter to coast.

Static overload in VVC+ mode

When the frequency converter is overloaded, the torque

limit in parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode/

parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode is reached, the

control unit reduces the output frequency to reduce the

Illustration 2.37 Logic Rules

load.

If the overload is excessive, a overcurrent which makes the

frequency converter cut out after approximately 5–10 s

may occur.

2.12 Extreme Running Conditions

Short circuit (motor phase-to-phase)

Operation within the torque limit is limited in time (0–60 s)

in parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit.

The frequency converter is protected against short circuits by current measurement in each of the 3 motor phases or

2.12.1 Motor Thermal Protection

in the DC link. A short circuit between 2 output phases causes an overcurrent in the frequency converter. The frequency converter is turned o individually when the

To protect the application from serious damage, VLT® Midi

Drive FC 280 oers several dedicated features. short-circuit current exceeds the allowed value (alarm 16,

trip lock).

Switching on the output

Switching on the output between the motor and the frequency converter is fully allowed, and does not damage the frequency converter. However, fault messages may appear.

Motor-generated overvoltage

The voltage in the DC link is increased when the motor acts as a generator. This occurs in following cases:

The load drives the motor (at constant output

•

frequency from the frequency converter).

If the inertia moment is high during deceleration

•

(ramp-down), the friction is low and the rampdown time is too short for the energy to be dissipated as a loss in the frequency converter,

the motor, and the installation.

Torque limit

The torque limit protects the motor from being overloaded

independent of the speed. Torque limit is controlled in

parameter 4-16 Torque Limit Motor Mode and

parameter 4-17 Torque Limit Generator Mode.

Parameter 14-25 Trip Delay at Torque Limit controls the time

before the torque limit warning trips.

Current limit

Parameter 4-18 Current Limit controls the current limit, and

parameter 14-24 Trip Delay at Current Limit controls the

time before the current limit warning trips.

Minimum speed limit

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] sets the

minimum output speed that the frequency converter can

provide.

1.21.0 1.4

100

1.81.6 2.0

2000

500

200

400 300

1000

600

t [s]

175ZA052.12

OUT

= 2 x f

M,N

OUT

= 0.2 x f

M,N

OUT

= 1 x f

M,N

(par. 1-23)

IMN(par. 1-24)

Product Overview Design Guide

Maximum speed limit

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] or parameter 4-19 Max Output Frequency sets the maximum

output speed that the frequency converter can provide.

ETR (electronic thermal relay)

The frequency converter ETR function measures the actual current, speed, and time to calculate motor temperature. The function also protects the motor from being overheated (warning or trip). An external thermistor input is also available. ETR is an electronic feature that simulates a bimetal relay based on internal measurements. The characteristic is shown in Illustration 2.38.

2 2

Illustration 2.38 ETR

The X-axis shows the ratio between I

motor

and I

motor

nominal. The Y-axis shows the time in seconds before the ETR cuts o and trips the frequency converter. The curves show the characteristic nominal speed at twice the nominal speed and at 0.2 x the nominal speed. At lower speed, the ETR cuts o at lower heat due to less cooling of the motor. In that way, the motor is protected from being overheated even at low speed. The ETR feature calculates the motor temperature based on actual current and speed. The calculated temperature is visible as a readout parameter in parameter 16-18 Motor Thermal.

130BE805.11

+24 V DC

GND

12 13 18 19 3227 29 33 55

130BA646.10

CCW

Application Examples

3 Application Examples

3.1 Introduction

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

3.1.1 Encoder Connection

The purpose of this guideline is to ease the set-up of encoder connection to the frequency converter. Before setting up the encoder, the basic settings for a closed-loop speed control system are shown.

Illustration 3.2 24 V Incremental Encoder, Maximum Cable

Length 5 m (16.4 ft)

3.1.2 Encoder Direction

The order in which the pulses enter the frequency

converter determines the direction of the encoder.

Clockwise direction means that channel A is 90 electrical

degrees before channel B.

Counterclockwise direction means that channel B is 90

electrical degrees before A.

The direction is determined by looking into the shaft end.

3.1.3 Closed-loop Drive System

A drive system usually consists of more elements such as:

Motor.

•

Brake (gearbox, mechanical brake).

Illustration 3.1 24 V Encoder

•

Frequency converter.

•

Encoder as feedback system.

•

Brake resistor for dynamic brake.

•

Transmission.

•

Load.

•

Applications demanding mechanical brake control usually

need a brake resistor.

130BE728.10

Motor

Gearbox

Load

Transmission

Encoder Mech. brake

Brake resistor

130BF096.10

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

D IN

+24 V

130BE204.11

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

0 ~10 V

+24 V

130BF097.10

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

4 - 20mA

+24 V

Application Examples Design Guide

3.2.2 Speed

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 6-10 T

erminal 53 Low

0.07 V*

Voltage

Parameter 6-11 T

erminal 53 High

10 V*

Voltage

Parameter 6-14 T

erminal 53 Low

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-15 T

erminal 53 High

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-19 T

erminal 53 mode

[1] Voltage

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

3 3

Illustration 3.3 Basic Set-up for Closed-loop Speed Control

Table 3.2 Analog Speed Reference (Voltage)

Parameters

Application Examples

3.2

Function Setting

Parameter 6-22 T

3.2.1 AMA

erminal 54 Low

4 mA*

Current

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 1-29 A

utomatic Motor

Adaptation

(AMA)

Parameter 5-12 T

erminal 27

Digital Input

[1] Enable

complete

AMA

*[2] Coast

inverse

* = Default value

Notes/comments: Set

parameter group 1-2* Motor

Data according to motor

specications.

NOTICE

If terminal 13 and 27 are not connected, set

parameter 5-12 Terminal 27 Digital Input to [0] No operation.

Table 3.3 Analog Speed Reference (Current)

Parameter 6-23 T

erminal 54 High

Current

Parameter 6-24 T

erminal 54 Low

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-25 T

erminal 54 High

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-29 T

erminal 54 mode

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

20 mA*

[0] Current

Table 3.1 AMA with T27 Connected

130BE208.11

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

≈ 5kΩ

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

130BF100.10

+24 V

130BB840.12

Speed

Reference

Start (18)

Freeze ref (27)

Speed up (29)

Speed down (32)

130BF098.10

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

+24 V 13

Application Examples

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 6-10 T

erminal 53 Low

0.07 V*

Voltage

Parameter 6-11 T

erminal 53 High

10 V*

Voltage

Parameter 6-14 T

erminal 53 Low

Illustration 3.4 Speed Up/Speed Down

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-15 T

erminal 53 High

Ref./Feedb. Value

Parameter 6-19 T

erminal 53 mode

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

[1] Voltage

3.2.3 Start/Stop

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-10 Ter

minal 18 Digital

[8] Start

Input

Table 3.4 Speed Reference (Using a Manual Potentiometer)

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 5-10 T

erminal 18

*[8] Start

Digital Input

Parameter 5-12 T

erminal 27

[19] Freeze

Reference

Digital Input

Parameter 5-13 T

[21] Speed Up

erminal 29

Digital Input

Parameter 5-14 T

erminal 32

[22] Speed

Down

Digital Input

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Parameter 5-11 Ter

minal 19 Digital

Input

Parameter 5-12 Ter

minal 27 Digital

Input

Parameter 5-14 Ter

minal 32 Digital

Input

Parameter 5-15 Ter

minal 33 Digital

Input

Parameter 3-10 Pre

set Reference

Preset ref. 0

Preset ref. 1

Preset ref. 2

Preset ref. 3

* = Default value

*[10]

Reversing

[0] No

operation

[16] Preset

ref bit 0

[17] Preset

ref bit 1

25%

50%

75%

100%

Notes/comments:

Table 3.5 Speed Up/Speed Down

Table 3.6 Start/Stop with Reversing and 4 Preset Speeds

130BF099.10

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

+24 V

130BE210.11

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

D IN

+24 V

D IN

+10 V

A IN

COM

A OUT

130BE211.11

+24 V

Application Examples Design Guide

3.2.4 External Alarm Reset

Parameters

Parameter 5-11 T

erminal 19

Digital Input

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

Function Setting

[1] Reset

3.2.6 SLC

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 4-30 Motor Feedback

[1] Warning Loss Function Parameter 4-31 Motor Feedback

Speed Error Parameter 4-32 Motor Feedback

5 s

3 3

Loss Timeout Parameter 7-00 S peed PID Feedback Source

[1] 24 V

encoder

Parameter 5-70 T erm 32/33 Pulses

1024*

Per Revolution Parameter 13-00 SL Controller

[1] On Mode

Table 3.7 External Alarm Reset

Parameter 13-01 Start Event Parameter 13-02 Stop Event Parameter 13-10 Comparator Operand

[19] Warning

[44] Reset key

[21] Warning

no.

Parameter 13-11

3.2.5 Motor Thermistor

Comparator Operator

*[1] ≈

Parameter 13-12

NOTICE

To meet PELV insulation requirements, use reinforced or double insulation on the thermistors.

Comparator Value Parameter 13-51 SL Controller Event

Parameters

Function Setting

Parameter 1-90

Motor Thermal

[2] Thermistor

trip

Protection

Parameter 1-93 T

hermistor Source

[1] Analog

input 53

Parameter 6-19 T

erminal 53 mode

Table 3.8 Motor Thermistor

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

If only a warning is needed, set

parameter 1-90 Motor Thermal

Protection to [1] Thermistor

warning.

[1] Voltage

Table 3.9 Using SLC to Set a Relay

Parameter 13-52 SL Controller Action Parameter 5-40 F unction Relay

* = Default value

Notes/comments:

If the limit in the feedback monitor is exceeded, warning 61, feedback monitor is issued. The SLC monitors warning 61,

feedback monitor. If warning 61, feedback monitor becomes true,

relay 1 is triggered. External equipment could indicate that service is required. If the feedback error goes below the limit again within 5 s, the frequency converter continues, and the warning disappears. Relay 1 persists

[O/Reset] is pressed.

until

[22]

Comparator 0

[32] Set

digital out A

low

[80] SL digital

output A

Safe Torque O (STO)

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

4 Safe Torque O (STO)

The Safe Torque O (STO) function is a component in a safety control system. STO prevents the unit from generating the energy that is required to rotate the motor, thus ensuring safety in emergency situations.

The STO function is designed and approved suitable for the requirements of:

IEC/EN 61508: SIL2

•

IEC/EN 61800-5-2: SIL2

•

IEC/EN 62061: SILCL of SIL2

•

EN ISO 13849-1: Category 3 PL d

•

To achieve the required level of operational safety, select and apply the components in the safety control system appropriately. Before using STO, carry out a thorough risk analysis on the installation to determine whether the STO function and safety levels are appropriate and sucient.

For more information on safe torque o (STO), see chapter

6 Safe Torque Operating Guide.

O (STO) in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

drop cable

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

5 RS485 Installation and Set-up

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Overview

RS485 is a 2-wire bus interface compatible with multi-drop network topology. The nodes can be connected as a bus, or via drop cables from a common trunk line. A total of 32 nodes can be connected to 1 network segment. Repeaters divide network segments, see Illustration 5.1.

5 5

Illustration 5.1 RS485 Bus Interface

NOTICE

Each repeater functions as a node within the segment in which it is installed. Each node connected within a given network must have a unique node address across all segments.

Terminate each segment at both ends, using either the termination switch (S801) of the frequency converters or a biased termination resistor network. Always use shielded twisted pair (STP) cable for bus cabling and follow good common installation practice.

Low-impedance ground connection of the shield at every node is important, including at high frequencies. Thus, connect a large surface of the shield to ground, for example with a cable clamp or a conductive cable gland. Sometimes, it is necessary to apply potential-equalizing cables to maintain the same ground potential throughout the network, particularly in installations with long cables.

To prevent impedance mismatch, use the same type of cable throughout the entire network. When connecting a motor to the frequency converter, always use shielded motor cable.

Cable Shielded twisted pair (STP)

Impedance [Ω]

Cable length [m

(ft)]

Table 5.1 Cable Specications

120

Maximum 1200 (3937) (including drop lines).

Maximum 500 (1640) station-to-station.

5.1.2 Network Connection

Connect the frequency converter to the RS485 network as follows (see also Illustration 5.2):

1. Connect signal wires to terminal 68 (P+) and terminal 69 (N-) on the main control board of the frequency converter.

2. Connect the cable shield to the cable clamps.

61 68 69

COMM. GND

130BB795.10

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

NOTICE

To reduce noise between conductors, use shielded, twisted-pair cables.

5.1.5 EMC Precautions

To achieve interference-free operation of the RS485 network, Danfoss recommends the following EMC precautions.

NOTICE

Observe relevant national and local regulations, for example regarding protective earth connection. To avoid

Illustration 5.2 Network Connection

5.1.3 Hardware Set-up

To terminate the RS485 bus, use the terminator switch on the main control board of the frequency converter.

The factory setting for the switch is OFF.

5.1.4 Parameter Settings for Modbus Communication

Parameter Function

Parameter 8-30 Prot

ocol

Parameter 8-31 Add

ress

Parameter 8-32 Bau

d Rate

Select the application protocol to run for

the RS485 interface.

Set the node address.

NOTICE

The address range depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Set the baud rate.

NOTICE

The default baud rate depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

coupling of high-frequency noise between the cables, keep the RS485 communication cable away from motor and brake resistor cables. Normally, a distance of 200 mm (8 in) is sucient. Maintain the greatest possible distance between the cables, especially where cables run in parallel over long distances. When crossing is unavoidable, the RS485 cable must cross motor and brake resistor cables at an angle of 90°.

5.2 FC Protocol

5.2.1 Overview

The FC protocol, also referred to as FC bus or standard bus, is the Danfoss standard eldbus. It denes an access technique according to the master/slave principle for communications via a eldbus. One master and a maximum of 126 slaves can be connected to the bus. The master selects the individual slaves via an address character in the telegram. A slave itself can never transmit without rst being requested to do so, and direct telegram transfer between the individual slaves is not possible. Communications occur in the halfduplex mode. The master function cannot be transferred to another node (single-master system).

Parameter 8-33 Pari

ty / Stop Bits

Parameter 8-35 Min

imum Response

Delay

Parameter 8-36 Ma

ximum Response

Delay

Table 5.2 Modbus Communication Parameter Settings

Set the parity and number of stop bits.

NOTICE

The default selection depends on the protocol selected in parameter 8-30 Protocol.

Specify a minimum delay time between

receiving a request and transmitting a

response. This function is for overcoming

modem turnaround delays.

Specify a maximum delay time between

transmitting a request and receiving a

response.

0 1 32 4 5 6 7

195NA036.10

Start bit

Even Stop Parity bit

STX LGE ADR DATA BCC

195NA099.10

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

The physical layer is RS485, thus utilizing the RS485 port built into the frequency converter. The FC protocol supports dierent telegram formats:

A short format of 8 bytes for process data.

•

A long format of 16 bytes that also includes a

•

parameter channel.

A format used for texts.

•

5.2.2 FC with Modbus RTU

The FC protocol provides access to the control word and bus reference of the frequency converter.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the frequency converter:

Start.

•

Stop of the frequency converter in various ways:

•

- Coast stop.

- Quick stop.

- DC brake stop.

- Normal (ramp) stop.

Reset after a fault trip.

•

Run at various preset speeds.

•

Run in reverse.

•

Change of the active set-up.

•

Control of the 2 relays built into the frequency

•

converter.

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and where possible, write values to them. Accessing the parameters oers a range of control options, including controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when its internal PI controller is used.

Network Conguration

5.3

FC Protocol Message Framing Structure

5.4

5.4.1 Content of a Character (byte)

Each character transferred begins with a start bit. Then 8 data bits are transferred, corresponding to a byte. Each character is secured via a parity bit. This bit is set at 1 when it reaches parity. Parity is when there are an equal number of 1s in the 8 data bits and the parity bit in total. A stop bit completes a character, consisting of 11 bits in all.

Illustration 5.3 Content of a Character

5.4.2 Telegram Structure

Each telegram has the following structure:

Start character (STX) = 02 hex.

•

A byte denoting the telegram length (LGE).

•

A byte denoting the frequency converter address

•

(ADR).

Several data bytes (variable, depending on the type of telegram) follow.

A data control byte (BCC) completes the telegram.

Illustration 5.4 Telegram Structure

5.4.3 Telegram Length (LGE)

5 5

To enable the FC protocol for the frequency converter, set the following parameters.

Parameter Setting

Parameter 8-30 Protocol FC

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–126

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity / Stop Bits

Table 5.3 Parameters to Enable the Protocol

Even parity, 1 stop bit

(default)

The telegram length is the number of data bytes plus the address byte ADR and the data control byte BCC.

4 data bytes LGE=4+1+1=6 bytes

12 data bytes LGE=12+1+1=14 bytes

Telegrams containing texts

Table 5.4 Length of Telegrams

1) The 10 represents the

(depending on the length of the text).

xed characters, while the n is variable

101)+n bytes

ADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCC

130BA269.10

PKE INDADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCC

130BA271.10

PWE

high

PWE

low

PKE IND

130BA270.10

ADRLGESTX PCD1 PCD2 BCCCh1 Ch2 Chn

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

130BB918.10

PKE IND

PWE

high

PWE

low

AK PNU

Parameter

commands

and replies

Parameter

number

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

5.4.4 Frequency Converter Address (ADR)

Address format 1–126

Bit 7 = 1 (address format 1–126 active).

•

Bit 0–6 = frequency converter address 1–126.

•

Bit 0–6 = 0 broadcast.

•

5.4.7 The PKE Field

The PKE eld contains 2 subelds:

Parameter command and response (AK)

•

Parameter number (PNU)

•

The slave returns the address byte unchanged to the master in the response telegram.

5.4.5 Data Control Byte (BCC)

The checksum is calculated as an XOR-function. Before the rst byte in the telegram is received, the calculated checksum is 0.

5.4.6 The Data Field

The structure of data blocks depends on the type of telegram. There are 3 telegram types, and the type applies for both control telegrams (master⇒slave) and response telegrams (slave⇒master).

The 3 types of telegram are:

Illustration 5.8 PKE Field

Bits 12–15 transfer parameter commands from master to slave and return processed slave responses to the master.

Process block (PCD)

The PCD is made up of a data block of 4 bytes (2 words) and contains:

Control word and reference value (from master to

•

slave)

Status word and present output frequency (from

•

slave to master)

Illustration 5.5 Process Block

Parameter block

The parameter block is used to transfer parameters between master and slave. The data block is made up of 12 bytes (6 words) and also contains the process block.

Illustration 5.6 Parameter Block

Text block

The text block is used to read or write texts via the data block.

Parameter commands master⇒slave

Bit number Parameter command

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No command.

0 0 0 1 Read parameter value.

0 0 1 0 Write parameter value in RAM (word).

0 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

1 1 1 1 Read text.

Table 5.5 Parameter Commands

Bit number Response

15 14 13 12

0 0 0 0 No response.

0 0 0 1 Parameter value transferred (word).

0 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 Command cannot be performed.

1 1 1 1 Text transferred.

Table 5.6 Response

Write parameter value in RAM (double

word).

Write parameter value in RAM and

EEPROM (double word).

Write parameter value in RAM and

EEPROM (word).

Response slave⇒master

Parameter value transferred (double

word).

Illustration 5.7 Text Block

If the command cannot be performed, the slave sends 0111 Command cannot be performed response and issues the following fault reports in Table 5.7.

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

Fault code FC specication

0 Illegal parameter number.

1 Parameter cannot be changed.

2 Upper or lower limit is exceeded.

3 Subindex is corrupted.

4 No array.

5 Wrong data type.

6 Not used.

7 Not used.

9 Description element is not available.

11 No parameter write access.

15 No text available.

17 Not applicable while running.

18 Other errors.

100 –

>100 –

130 No bus access for this parameter.

131 Write to factory set-up is not possible.

132 No LCP access.

252 Unknown viewer.

253 Request is not supported.

254 Unknown attribute.

255 No error.

Table 5.7 Slave Report

5.4.8 Parameter Number (PNU)

Bits 0–11 transfer parameter numbers. The function of the relevant parameter is dened in the parameter description

in the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide.

5.4.9 Index (IND)

parameter 0-01 Language, select the data value by entering the value in the PWE block. Serial communication is only capable of reading parameters containing data type 9 (text string).

Parameter 15-40 FC Type to parameter 15-53 Power Card Serial Number contain data type 9.

For example, read the unit size and mains voltage range in parameter 15-40 FC Type. When a text string is transferred (read), the length of the telegram is variable, and the texts are of dierent lengths. The telegram length is dened in the 2nd byte of the telegram (LGE). When using text transfer, the index character indicates whether it is a read or a write command.

To read a text via the PWE block, set the parameter command (AK) to F hex. The index character high-byte must be 4.

5.4.11 Data Types Supported by the Frequency Converter

Unsigned means that there is no operational sign in the telegram.

Data types Description

3 Integer 16

4 Integer 32

5 Unsigned 8

6 Unsigned 16

7 Unsigned 32

9 Text string

Table 5.8 Data Types

5 5

The index is used with the parameter number to read/ write access parameters with an index, for example, parameter 15-30 Alarm Log: Error Code. The index consists of 2 bytes: a low byte and a high byte.

Only the low byte is used as an index.

5.4.10 Parameter Value (PWE)

5.4.12 Conversion

The programming guide contains the descriptions of attributes of each parameter. Parameter values are transferred as whole numbers only. Conversion factors are used to transfer decimals.

Parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] has a conversion factor of 0.1. To preset the minimum frequency to 10 Hz,

The parameter value block consists of 2 words (4 bytes), and the value depends on the dened command (AK). The master prompts for a parameter value when the PWE block

transfer the value 100. A conversion factor of 0.1 means that the value transferred is multiplied by 0.1. The value 100 is thus perceived as 10.0.

contains no value. To change a parameter value (write), write the new value in the PWE block and send from the master to the slave.

When a slave responds to a parameter request (read command), the present parameter value in the PWE block is transferred and returned to the master. If a parameter contains several data options, for example

E19E H

PKE IND PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

130BA092.10

119E H

PKE

IND

PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

130BA093.10

1155 H

PKE IND PWE

high

PWE

low

0000 H 0000 H 0000 H

130BA094.10

130BA267.10

1155 H

PKE

IND

0000 H 0000 H 03E8 H

PWE

high

PWE

low

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Conversion index Conversion factor

74 3600

2 100

1 10

0 1

-1 0.1

-2 0.01

-3 0.001

-4 0.0001

-5 0.00001

Table 5.9 Conversion

NOTICE

Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is a single

word, and the parameter command for write in EEPROM is E. Parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] is 19E in hexadecimal.

The response from the slave to the master is shown in Illustration 5.10.

5.4.13 Process Words (PCD)

The block of process words is divided into 2 blocks of 16 bits, which always occur in the dened sequence.

PCD 1 PCD 2

Control telegram (master⇒slave control word)

Control telegram (slave⇒master) status word

Table 5.10 Process Words (PCD)

Examples

5.5

Reference value

Present output

frequency

Illustration 5.10 Response from Master

5.5.2 Reading a Parameter Value

Read the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time.

PKE = 1155 hex - Read parameter value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time:

IND = 0000 hex.

•

PWE

•

PWE

•

= 0000 hex.

HIGH

= 0000 hex.

LOW

5.5.1 Writing a Parameter Value

Change parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz] to 100 Hz. Write the data in EEPROM.

PKE = E19E hex - Write single word in parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz]:

IND = 0000 hex.

•

PWEHIGH = 0000 hex.

•

PWELOW = 03E8 hex.

•

Data value 1000, corresponding to 100 Hz, see chapter 5.4.12 Conversion.

The telegram looks like Illustration 5.9.

Illustration 5.9 Telegram

Illustration 5.11 Telegram

If the value in parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is 10 s, the response from the slave to the master is shown in Illustration 5.12.

Illustration 5.12 Response

3E8 hex corresponds to 1000 decimal. The conversion index for parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is -2, that is, 0.01.

Parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time is of the type Unsigned 32.

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

5.6 Modbus RTU

5.6.1 Prerequisite Knowledge

Danfoss assumes that the installed controller supports the interfaces in this manual, and strictly observes all requirements and limitations stipulated in the controller and frequency converter.

The built-in Modbus RTU (remote terminal unit) is designed to communicate with any controller that supports the interfaces dened in this manual. It is assumed that the user has full knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the controller.

5.6.2 Overview

Regardless of the type of physical communication networks, this section describes the process that a controller uses to request access to another device. This process includes how the Modbus RTU responds to requests from another device, and how errors are detected and reported. It also establishes a common format for the layout and contents of telegram elds.

During communications over a Modbus RTU network, the protocol:

Determines how each controller learns its device

•

address.

Recognizes a telegram addressed to it.

•

Determines which actions to take.

•

Extracts any data or other information contained

•

in the telegram.

If a reply is required, the controller constructs the reply telegram and sends it. Controllers communicate using a master/slave technique in which only the master can initiate transactions (called queries). Slaves respond by supplying the requested data to the master, or by acting as requested in the query. The master can address individual slaves, or initiate a broadcast telegram to all slaves. Slaves return a response to queries that are addressed to them individually. No responses are returned to broadcast queries from the master.

The Modbus RTU protocol establishes the format for the master query by providing the following information:

The device (or broadcast) address.

•

A function code dening the requested action.

•

Any data to be sent.

•

An error-checking eld.

•

The response telegram of the slave device is also constructed using Modbus protocol. It contains elds conrming the action taken, any data to be returned, and

an error-checking eld. If an error occurs in receipt of the telegram, or if the slave is unable to perform the requested action, the slave constructs and sends an error message. Alternatively, a timeout occurs.

5.6.3 Frequency Converter with Modbus

RTU

The frequency converter communicates in Modbus RTU format over the built-in RS485 interface. Modbus RTU provides access to the control word and bus reference of the frequency converter.

The control word allows the Modbus master to control several important functions of the frequency converter:

Start.

•

Various stops:

•

- Coast stop.

- Quick stop.

- DC brake stop.

- Normal (ramp) stop.

Reset after a fault trip.

•

Run at various preset speeds.

•

Run in reverse.

•

Change the active set-up.

•

Control built-in relay of the frequency converter.

•

The bus reference is commonly used for speed control. It is also possible to access the parameters, read their values, and, where possible, write values to them. Accessing the parameters controlling the setpoint of the frequency converter when its internal PI controller is used.

5.7

To enable Modbus RTU on the frequency converter, set the following parameters:

Parameter 8-30 Protocol Modbus RTU

Parameter 8-31 Address 1–247

Parameter 8-32 Baud Rate 2400–115200

Parameter 8-33 Parity / Stop Bits

Table 5.11 Network Conguration

oers a range of control options, including

Network Conguration

Parameter Setting

Even parity, 1 stop bit

(default)

5 5

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

5.8 Modbus RTU Message Framing

5.8.3 Start/Stop Field

Structure

Telegrams start with a silent period of at least 3.5 character

5.8.1 Introduction

The controllers are set up to communicate on the Modbus network using RTU (remote terminal unit) mode, with each byte in a telegram containing 2 4-bit hexadecimal characters. The format for each byte is shown in Table 5.12.

Start

bit

Table 5.12 Format for Each Byte

Coding system 8-bit binary, hexadecimal 0–9, A–F.

Bits per byte

Error check eld Cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

Table 5.13 Byte Details

Data byte Stop/

2 hexadecimal characters contained in each

8-bit eld of the telegram.

1 start bit.

•

8 data bits, least signicant bit sent rst.

•

1 bit for even/odd parity; no bit for no

•

parity.

1 stop bit if parity is used; 2 bits if no

•

parity.

Stop

parity

5.8.2 Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

The transmitting device places a Modbus RTU telegram into a frame with a known beginning and ending point. This allows receiving devices to begin at the start of the telegram, read the address portion, determine which device is addressed (or all devices, if the telegram is broadcast), and to recognize when the telegram is completed. Partial telegrams are detected and errors set as a result. Characters for transmission must be in hexadecimal 00–FF format in each eld. The frequency converter continuously monitors the network bus, also during silent intervals. When the rst eld (the address eld) is received, each frequency converter or device decodes it to determine which device is being addressed. Modbus RTU telegrams addressed to 0 are broadcast telegrams. No response is permitted for broadcast telegrams. A typical telegram frame is shown in Table 5.14.

Start Address Function Data

T1-T2-T3-

Table 5.14 Typical Modbus RTU Telegram Structure

8 bits 8 bits N x 8 bits 16 bits

CRC

check

End

T1-T2-T3-

intervals. The silent period is implemented as a multiple of character intervals at the selected network baud rate (shown as Start T1-T2-T3-T4). The rst eld to be transmitted is the device address. Following the last transmitted character, a similar period of at least 3.5 character intervals marks the end of the telegram. A new telegram can begin after this period.

Transmit the entire telegram frame as a continuous stream. If a silent period of more than 1.5 character intervals occurs before completion of the frame, the receiving device

ushes the incomplete telegram and assumes that the next byte is the address eld of a new telegram. Similarly, if a new telegram begins before 3.5 character intervals after a previous telegram, the receiving device considers it a continuation of the previous telegram. This behavior causes a timeout (no response from the slave), since the value in the nal CRC eld is not valid for the combined telegrams.

5.8.4 Address Field

The address eld of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid slave device addresses are in the range of 0–247 decimal. The individual slave devices are assigned addresses in the range of 1–247. 0 is reserved for broadcast mode, which all slaves recognize. A master addresses a slave by placing the slave address in the address eld of the telegram. When the slave sends its response, it places its own address in this address eld to let the master know which slave is responding.

5.8.5 Function Field

The function eld of a telegram frame contains 8 bits. Valid codes are in the range of 1–FF. Function elds are used to send telegrams between master and slave. When a telegram is sent from a master to a slave device, the function code eld tells the slave what kind of action to perform. When the slave responds to the master, it uses the function code eld to indicate either a normal (errorfree) response, or that some kind of error occurred (called an exception response).

For a normal response, the slave simply echoes the original function code. For an exception response, the slave returns a code that is equivalent to the original function code with its most places a unique code into the data eld of the response telegram. This code tells the master what kind of error occurred, or the reason for the exception. Also refer to

chapter 5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by Modbus RTU and chapter 5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes.

signicant bit set to logic 1. In addition, the slave

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

5.8.6 Data Field

The data eld is constructed using sets of 2 hexadecimal digits, in the range of 00–FF hexadecimal. These digits are made up of 1 RTU character. The data eld of telegrams sent from a master to a slave device contains additional information which the slave must use to perform accordingly.

The information can include items such as:

Coil or register addresses.

•

The quantity of items to be handled.

•

The count of actual data bytes in the

•

eld.

5.8.7 CRC Check Field

Telegrams include an error-checking eld, operating based on a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method. The CRC eld checks the contents of the entire telegram. It is applied regardless of any parity check method used for the individual characters of the telegram. The transmitting device calculates the CRC value and appends the CRC as the last eld in the telegram. The receiving device recalculates a CRC during receipt of the telegram and compares the calculated value to the actual value received in the CRC eld. 2 unequal values result in bus timeout. The error-checking eld contains a 16-bit binary value implemented as 2 8-bit bytes. After the implementation, the low-order byte of the eld is appended rst, followed by the high-order byte. The CRC high-order byte is the last byte sent in the telegram.

5.8.8 Coil Register Addressing

In Modbus, all data is organized in coils and holding registers. Coils hold a single bit, whereas holding registers hold a 2 byte word (that is 16 bits). All data addresses in Modbus telegrams are referenced to 0. The rst occurrence of a data item is addressed as item number 0. For example: The coil known as coil 1 in a programmable controller is addressed as coil 0000 in the data address eld of a Modbus telegram. Coil 127 decimal is addressed as coil 007Ehex (126 decimal). Holding register 40001 is addressed as register 0000 in the data address eld of the telegram. The function code eld already species a holding register operation. Therefore, the 4XXXX reference is implicit. Holding register 40108 is addressed as register 006Bhex (107 decimal).

Coil

number

1–16 Frequency converter control word

17–32 Frequency converter speed or

33–48 Frequency converter status word

49–64 Open-loop mode: Frequency

66–65536 Reserved. –

Table 5.15 Coil Register

Coil 0 1

01 Preset reference lsb

02 Preset reference msb

03 DC brake No DC brake

04 Coast stop No coast stop

05 Quick stop No quick stop

06 Freeze frequency No freeze frequency

07 Ramp stop Start

08 No reset Reset

09 No jog Jog

10 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

11 Data not valid Data valid

12 Relay 1 o Relay 1 on

13 Relay 2 o Relay 2 on

14 Set up lsb

15 –

16 No reversing Reversing

Table 5.16 Frequency Converter Control Word (FC Prole)

Description Signal

direction

Master to slave

(see Table 5.16).

Master to slave

setpoint reference range 0x0–

0xFFFF (-200% ... ~200%).

Slave to master

(see Table 5.17).

converter output frequency.

Closed-loop mode: Frequency

converter feedback signal.

Parameter write control (master to

slave).

0 = Parameter changes are written

to the RAM of the frequency

converter.

1 = Parameter changes are written

to the RAM and EEPROM of the

frequency converter.

Slave to master

Master to slave

5 5

RS485 Installation and Set-...

Coil 0 1

33 Control not ready Control ready

34 Frequency converter not

ready

35 Coast stop Safety closed

36 No alarm Alarm

37 Not used Not used

38 Not used Not used

39 Not used Not used

40 No warning Warning

41 Not at reference At reference

42 Hand mode Auto mode

43 Out of frequency range In frequency range

44 Stopped Running

45 Not used Not used

46 No voltage warning Voltage warning

47 Not in current limit Current limit

48 No thermal warning Thermal warning

Table 5.17 Frequency Converter Status Word (FC Prole)

Bus

address

0 1 40001 Reserved

1 2 40002 Reserved

2 3 40003 Reserved

3 4 40004 Free – –

4 5 40005 Free – –

5 6 40006 Modbus conguration Read/Write TCP only. Reserved for Modbus TCP

6 7 40007 Last fault code Read only Fault code received from parameter database, refer to

7 8 40008 Last error register Read only Address of register with which last error occurred, refer

8 9 40009 Index pointer Read/Write Subindex of parameter to be accessed. Refer to WHAT

9 10 40010 Parameter 0-01 Language Dependent on

19 20 40020 Parameter 0-02 Motor Speed

29 30 40030 Parameter 0-03 Regional

Bus

PLC

Frequency converter ready

Content Access Description

Unit

Settings

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

–

parameter

access

Dependent on

parameter

access

Dependent on

parameter

access

Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and

VLT® 2800.

Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and

VLT® 2800.

Reserved for legacy frequency converters VLT® 5000 and

VLT® 2800.

(parameter 12-28 Store Data Values and

parameter 12-29 Store Always - stored in, for example,

EEPROM).

WHAT 38295 for details.

to WHAT 38296 for details.

38297 for details.

Parameter 0-01 Language (Modbus register = 10

parameter number)

20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.

Parameter 0-02 Motor Speed Unit

20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.

Parameter 0-03 Regional Settings

20 bytes space reserved for parameter in Modbus map.

Table 5.18 Address/Registers

1) Value written in the Modbus RTU telegram must be 1 or less than the register number. For example, Read Modbus Register 1 by writing value 0

in the telegram.

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

5.8.9 How to Control the Frequency Converter

This section describes codes which can be used in the function and data elds of a Modbus RTU telegram.

5.8.10 Function Codes Supported by

Modbus RTU

Modbus RTU supports use of the following function codes in the function eld of a telegram:

Function Function code (hex)

Read coils 1

Read holding registers 3

Write single coil 5

Write single register 6

Write multiple coils F

Write multiple registers 10

Get comm. event counter B

Report slave ID 11

Table 5.19 Function Codes

Function Function

code

Diagnostics 8 1 Restart communication.

Table 5.20 Function Codes

Subfunction

code

2 Return diagnostic

10 Clear counters and

11 Return bus message

12 Return bus communi-

13 Return slave error count.

14 Return slave message

Subfunction

diagnostic register.

count.

cation error count.

count.

5.8.11 Modbus Exception Codes

For a full explanation of the structure of an exception code response, refer to chapter 5.8.5 Function Field.

Code Name Meaning

The function code received in the query is

not an allowable action for the server (or

slave). This may be because the function

code is only applicable to newer devices

Table 5.21 Modbus Exception Codes

Illegal

function

Illegal data

address

Illegal data

value

Slave device

failure

and was not implemented in the unit

selected. It could also indicate that the

server (or slave) is in the wrong state to

process a request of this type, for example

because it is not congured and is being

asked to return register values.

The data address received in the query is

not an allowable address for the server (or

slave). More specically, the combination

of reference number and transfer length is

invalid. For a controller with 100 registers,

a request with oset 96 and length 4

succeeds, while a request with oset 96

and length 5 generates exception 02.

A value contained in the query data eld

is not an allowable value for server (or

slave). This indicates a fault in the

structure of the remainder of a complex

request, such as that the implied length is

incorrect. It does NOT mean that a data

item submitted for storage in a register

has a value outside the expectation of the

application program, since the Modbus

protocol is unaware of the signicance of

any value of any register.

An unrecoverable error occurred while the

server (or slave) was attempting to

perform the requested action.

5 5

How to Access Parameters

5.9

5.9.1 Parameter Handling

The PNU (parameter number) is translated from the register address contained in the Modbus read or write telegram. The parameter number is translated to Modbus as (10 x parameter number) decimal.

Examples

Reading parameter 3-12 Catch up/slow Down Value (16 bit): The holding register 3120 holds the parameters value. A value of 1352 (decimal), means that the parameter is set to

12.52%.

Reading parameter 3-14 Preset Relative Reference (32 bit): The holding registers 3410 and 3411 hold the parameters

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

values. A value of 11300 (decimal), means that the parameter is set to 1113.00.

For information on the parameters, size, and conversion

index, see the VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 Programming Guide.

5.9.2 Storage of Data

The coil 65 decimal determines whether data written to the frequency converter is stored in EEPROM and RAM (coil 65 = 1), or only in RAM (coil 65 = 0).

5.9.3 IND (Index)

Some parameters in the frequency converter are array parameters, for example parameter 3-10 Preset Reference. Since the Modbus does not support arrays in the holding registers, the frequency converter has reserved the holding register 9 as pointer to the array. Before reading or writing an array parameter, set the holding register 9. Setting holding register to the value of 2 causes all following read/ write to array parameters to be to the index 2.

5.9.4 Text Blocks

Parameters stored as text strings are accessed in the same way as the other parameters. The maximum text block size is 20 characters. If a read request for a parameter is for more characters than the parameter stores, the response is truncated. If the read request for a parameter is for fewer characters than the parameter stores, the response is space

lled.

5.9.5 Conversion Factor

A parameter value can only be transferred as a whole number. To transfer decimals, use a conversion factor.

5.9.6 Parameter Values

Standard data types

Standard data types are int 16, int 32, uint 8, uint 16, and uint 32. They are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex read holding registers. Parameters are written using the function 6 hex preset single register for 1 register (16 bits), and the function 10 hex preset multiple registers for 2 registers (32 bits). Readable sizes range from 1 register (16 bits) up to 10 registers (20 characters).

Non-standard data types

Non-standard data types are text strings and are stored as 4x registers (40001–4FFFF). The parameters are read using function 03 hex read holding registers and written using function 10 hex preset multiple registers. Readable sizes range from 1 register (2 characters) up to 10 registers (20 characters).

Examples

5.10

The following examples show various Modbus RTU commands.

5.10.1 Read Coil Status (01 hex)

Description

This function reads the ON/OFF status of discrete outputs (coils) in the frequency converter. Broadcast is never supported for reads.

Query

The query telegram species the starting coil and quantity of coils to be read. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 33 is addressed as 32.

Example of a request to read coils 33–48 (status word) from slave device 01.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 01 (read coils)

Starting address HI 00

Starting address LO 20 (32 decimals) coil 33

Number of points HI 00

Number of points LO 10 (16 decimals)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.22 Query

Response

The coil status in the response telegram is packed as 1 coil per bit of the data eld. Status is indicated as: 1 = ON; 0 = OFF. The lsb of the rst data byte contains the coil addressed in the query. The other coils follow toward the high-order end of this byte, and from low order to high order in subsequent bytes. If the returned coil quantity is not a multiple of 8, the remaining bits in the nal data byte are padded with values 0 (toward the high-order end of the byte). The byte count eld species the number of complete bytes of data.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 01 (read coils)

Byte count 02 (2 bytes of data)

Data (coils 40–33) 07

Data (coils 48–41) 06 (STW = 0607hex)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.23 Response

NOTICE

Coils and registers are addressed explicitly with an oset of -1 in Modbus.

For example, coil 33 is addressed as coil 32.

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

5.10.2 Force/Write Single Coil (05 hex)

Description

This function forces the coil to either ON or OFF. When broadcast, the function forces the same coil references in all attached slaves.

Query

The query telegram species the coil 65 (parameter write control) to be forced. Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 65 is addressed as 64. Force data = 00 00 hex (OFF) or FF 00 hex (ON).

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (Frequency converter address)

Function 05 (write single coil)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 40 (64 decimal) Coil 65

Force data HI FF

Force data LO 00 (FF 00 = ON)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.24 Query

Response

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the coil state has been forced.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 05

Force data HI FF

Force data LO 00

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.25 Response

5.10.3 Force/Write Multiple Coils (0F hex)

Description

This function forces each coil in a sequence of coils to either on or o. When broadcasting, the function forces the same coil references in all attached slaves.

Query

The query telegram species the coils 17–32 (speed setpoint) to be forced.

NOTICE

Coil addresses start at 0, that is, coil 17 is addressed as

16.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 0F (write multiple coils)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)

Byte count 02

Force data HI

(Coils 8–1)

Force data LO

(Coils 16–9)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.26 Query

00 (reference = 2000 hex)

Response

The normal response returns the slave address, function code, starting address, and quantity of coils forced.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01 (frequency converter address)

Function 0F (write multiple coils)

Coil address HI 00

Coil address LO 10 (coil address 17)

Quantity of coils HI 00

Quantity of coils LO 10 (16 coils)

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.27 Response

5.10.4 Read Holding Registers (03 hex)

Description

This function reads the contents of holding registers in the slave.

Query

The query telegram species the starting register and quantity of registers to be read. Register addresses start at 0, that is, registers 1–4 are addressed as 0–3.

Example: Read parameter 3-03 Maximum Reference, register

03030.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 03 (Read holding registers)

Starting address HI 0B (Register address 3029)

Starting address LO D5 (Register address 3029)

Number of points HI 00

02 – (parameter 3-03 Maximum

Number of points LO

Error check (CRC) –

Reference is 32 bits long, that is, 2

registers)

5 5

Table 5.28 Query

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Response

5.10.6 Preset Multiple Registers (10 hex)

The register data in the response telegram is packed as 2 bytes per register, with the binary contents right justied within each byte. For each register, the 1st byte contains the high-order bits, and the 2nd contains the low-order bits.

Example: hex 000088B8 = 35.000 = 35 Hz.

Description

This function presets values into a sequence of holding registers.

Query

The query telegram species the register references to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 03

Byte count 04

Data HI (register 3030) 00

Data LO (register 3030) 16

Data HI (register 3031) E3

Data LO (register 3031) 60

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.29 Response

5.10.5 Preset Single Register (06 hex)

Description

This function presets a value into a single holding register.

Query

The query telegram species the register reference to be preset. Register addresses start at 0, that is, register 1 is addressed as 0.

Example: Write to parameter 1-00 Conguration Mode,

addressed as 0. Example of a request to preset 2 registers (set parameter 1-24 Motor Current to 738 (7.38 A)):

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 10

Starting address HI 04

Starting address LO 07

Number of registers HI 00

Number of registers LO 02

Byte count 04

Write data HI (Register 4: 1049) 00

Write data LO (Register 4: 1049) 00

Write data HI (Register 4: 1050) 02

Write data LO (Register 4: 1050) E2

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.32 Query

Response

The normal response returns the slave address, function code, starting address, and quantity of registers preset.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 06

Preset data HI 00

Preset data LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.30 Query

Slave address 01

Function 10

Starting address HI 04

Starting address LO 19

Number of registers HI 00

Number of registers LO 02

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.33 Response

Response

The normal response is an echo of the query, returned after the register contents have been passed.

Field name Example (hex)

Slave address 01

Function 06

Preset data HI 00

Preset data LO 01

Error check (CRC) –

Table 5.31 Response

Speed ref.CTW

Master-follower

130BA274.11

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit no.:

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

5.11 Danfoss FC Control Prole

5.11.1 Control Word According to FC Prole

Illustration 5.13 Control Word According to FC Prole

Bit Bit value = 0 Bit value = 1

00 Reference value External selection lsb

01 Reference value External selection msb

02 DC brake Ramp

03 Coasting No coasting

04 Quick stop Ramp

06 Ramp stop Start

07 No function Reset

08 No function Jog

09 Ramp 1 Ramp 2

10 Data invalid Data valid

11 Relay 01 open Relay 01 active

12 Relay 02 open Relay 02 active

13 Parameter set-up Selection lsb

15 No function Reverse

Table 5.34 Control Word According to FC Prole

Explanation of the control bits Bits 00/01

Bits 00 and 01 are used to select among the 4 reference values, which are preprogrammed in parameter 3-10 Preset Reference according to Table 5.35.

Programmed

Table 5.35 Control Bits

NOTICE

In parameter 8-56 Preset Reference Select, dene how bit 00/01 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs.

(8-10 Protocol = FC Prole)

Hold output

frequency

reference

value

1 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [0] 0 0

2 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [1] 0 1

3 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [2] 1 0

4 Parameter 3-10 Preset Reference [3] 1 1

Use ramp

Parameter

Bit01Bit

Bit 02, DC brake

Bit 02 = 0: Leads to DC braking and stop. Set braking current and duration in parameter 2-01 DC Brake Current and parameter 2-02 DC Braking Time. Bit 02 = 1: Leads to ramping.

Bit 03, Coasting

Bit 03 = 0: The frequency converter immediately releases the motor (the output transistors are shut o), and it coasts to a standstill. Bit 03 = 1: If the other starting conditions are met, the frequency converter starts the motor.

In parameter 8-50 Coasting Select, dene how bit 03 gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 04, Quick stop

Bit 04 = 0: Makes the motor speed ramp down to stop (set in parameter 3-81 Quick Stop Ramp Time).

Bit 05, Hold output frequency

Bit 05 = 0: The present output frequency (in Hz) freezes. Change the frozen output frequency only with the digital inputs programmed to [21] Speed up and [22] Speed down (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).

NOTICE

If freeze output is active, the frequency converter can only be stopped in 1 of the following ways:

Bit 03 coast stop.

•

Bit 02 DC brake.

•

Digital input programmed to [5] DC brake

•

inverse, [2] Coast inverse, or [3] Coast and reset inv (parameter 5-10 Terminal 18 Digital Input to parameter 5-13 Terminal 29 Digital Input).

Bit 06, Ramp stop/start

Bit 06 = 0: Causes a stop and makes the motor speed ramp down to stop via the selected ramp-down parameter. Bit 06 = 1: Allows the frequency converter to start the motor if the other starting conditions are met.

In parameter 8-53 Start Select, dene how bit 06 ramp stop/ start gates with the corresponding function on a digital input.

Bit 07, Reset

Bit 07 = 0: No reset. Bit 07 = 1: Resets a trip. Reset is activated on the leading signal edge, that is, when changing from logic 0 to logic 1.

Bit 08, Jog

Bit 08 = 1: Parameter 3-11 Jog Speed [Hz] determines the output frequency.

Bit 09, Selection of ramp 1/2

Bit 09 = 0: Ramp 1 is active (parameter 3-41 Ramp 1 Ramp Up Time to parameter 3-42 Ramp 1 Ramp Down Time).

Bit 09 = 1: Ramp 2 (parameter 3-51 Ramp 2 Ramp Up Time to parameter 3-52 Ramp 2 Ramp Down Time) is active.

5 5

Output freq.STW

Bit no.:

Follower-master

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

130BA273.11

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Bit 10, Data not valid/Data valid

Tell the frequency converter whether to use or ignore the

5.11.2 Status Word According to FC Prole (STW)

control word. Bit 10 = 0: The control word is ignored.

Set parameter 8-30 Protocol to [0] FC.

Bit 10 = 1: The control word is used. This function is relevant because the telegram always contains the control word, regardless of the telegram type. If the control word is not needed when updating or reading parameter, turn it

o.

Bit 11, Relay 01

Bit 11 = 0: Relay not activated.

selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

Bit 11 = 1: Relay 01 activated if [36] Control word bit 11 is

Illustration 5.14 Status Word

Bit 12, Relay 02

Bit 12 = 0: Relay 02 is not activated. Bit 12 = 1: Relay 02 is activated if [37] Control word bit 12 is selected in parameter 5-40 Function Relay.

Bit 13, Set-up selection

Use bit 13 to select from the 2 menu set-ups according to Table 5.36.

Set-up Bit 13

1 0

2 1

Table 5.36 Menu Set-ups

The function is only possible when [9] Multi set-ups is selected in parameter 0-10 Active Set-up.

To dene how bit 13 gates with the corresponding function on the digital inputs, use parameter 8-55 Set-up Select.

Bit Bit=0 Bit=1

00 Control not ready Control ready

01 Frequency converter not

ready

02 Coasting Enable

03 No error Trip

04 No error Error (no trip)

05 Reserved –

06 No error Triplock

07 No warning Warning

09 Local operation Bus control

10 Out of frequency limit Frequency limit OK

11 No operation In operation

12 Frequency converter OK Stopped, auto start

13 Voltage OK Voltage exceeded

14 Torque OK Torque exceeded

15 Timer OK Timer exceeded

Speed≠reference

Frequency converter ready

Speed=reference

Bit 15 Reverse

Bit 15 = 0: No reversing. Bit 15 = 1: Reversing. In the default setting, reversing is set to digital in parameter 8-54 Reversing Select. Bit 15 causes reversing only when serial communication, [2] Logic OR or [3] Logic AND is selected.

Table 5.37 Status Word According to FC Prole

Explanation of the status bits

Bit 00, Control not ready/ready

Bit 00=0: The frequency converter trips. Bit 00=1: The frequency converter controls are ready but the power component does not necessarily receive any supply (if there is 24 V external supply to controls).

Bit 01, Frequency converter ready

Bit 01=0: The frequency converter is not ready.

Bit 01=1: The frequency converter is ready for operation.

Bit 02, Coast stop

Bit 02=0: The frequency converter releases the motor. Bit 02=1: The frequency converter starts the motor with a start command.

Bit 03, No error/trip

Bit 03=0: The frequency converter is not in fault mode. Bit 03=1: The frequency converter trips. To re-establish operation, press [Reset].

RS485 Installation and Set-... Design Guide

Bit 04, No error/error (no trip)

Bit 04=0: The frequency converter is not in fault mode. Bit 04=1: The frequency converter shows an error but does not trip.

Bit 05, Not used

Bit 05 is not used in the status word.

Bit 06, No error/triplock

Bit 06=0: The frequency converter is not in fault mode. Bit 06=1: The frequency converter is tripped and locked.

Bit 07, No warning/warning

Bit 07=0: There are no warnings. Bit 07=1: A warning has occurred.

Bit 08, Speed reference/speed=reference

Bit 08=0: The motor runs, but the present speed is dierent from the preset speed reference. It might happen when the speed ramps up/down during start/stop. Bit 08=1: The motor speed matches the preset speed reference.

Bit 09, Local operation/bus control

Bit 09=0: [O/Reset] is activated on the control unit or [2] Local in parameter 3-13 Reference Site is selected. It is not

possible to control the frequency converter via serial communication. Bit 09=1: It is possible to control the frequency converter via the eldbus/serial communication.

Bit 10, Out of frequency limit

Bit 10=0: The output frequency has reached the value in

parameter 4-12 Motor Speed Low Limit [Hz] or parameter 4-14 Motor Speed High Limit [Hz].

Bit 10=1: The output frequency is within the dened limits.

Bit 11, No operation/in operation

Bit 11=0: The motor is not running. Bit 11=1: The frequency converter has a start signal without coast.

Bit 12, Frequency converter OK/stopped, auto start

Bit 12=0: There is no temporary overtemperature on the frequency converter. Bit 12=1: The frequency converter stops because of overtemperature but the unit does not trip and resumes operation once the overtemperature normalizes.

Bit 13, Voltage OK/limit exceeded

Bit 13=0: There are no voltage warnings. Bit 13=1: The DC voltage in the frequency converter’s DC link is too low or too high.

Bit 14, Torque OK/limit exceeded

Bit 14=0: The motor current is lower than the current limit selected in parameter 4-18 Current Limit. Bit 14=1: The current limit in parameter 4-18 Current Limit is exceeded.

Bit 15, Timer OK/limit exceeded

Bit 15=0: The timers for motor thermal protection and thermal protection are not exceeded 100%. Bit 15=1: 1 of the timers exceeds 100%.

5 5

Actual output frequency

STW

Follower-slave

Speed referenceCTW

Master-slave

16bit

130BA276.11

Reverse Forward

Par.3-00 set to

(1) -max- +max

Max reference Max reference

Par.3-00 set to

(0) min-max

Max reference

Forward

Min reference

100%

(4000hex)

-100%

(C000hex)

(0hex)

Par.3-03 0 Par.3-03

Par.3-03

(4000hex)(0hex)

0% 100%

Par.3-02

130BA277.10

RS485 Installation and Set-...

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

5.11.3 Bus Speed Reference Value

Speed reference value is transmitted to the frequency converter in a relative value in %. The value is transmitted in the form of a 16-bit word. The integer value 16384 (4000 hex) corresponds to 100%. Negative gures are formatted using 2’s complement. The actual output frequency (MAV) is scaled in the same way as the bus reference.

Illustration 5.15 Actual Output Frequency (MAV)

The reference and MAV are scaled as follows:

Illustration 5.16 Reference and MAV

130BF710.10

FC-280PK37T4E20H1BXCXXXSXXXXAX

1 7 11 13 16 18 24 293 20

Type Code and Selection Design Guide

6 Type Code and Selection

6.1 Type Code

The type code is a string of characters describing the frequency converter’s conguration, see Illustration 6.1.

Illustration 6.1 Type Code

The numbers shown in Table 6.1 refer to the letter/gure position in the type code string, read from left to right.

Product groups 1–2

Frequency converter series 4–6

Power rating 7–10

Phases 11

Mains voltage 12

Enclosure 13–15

RFI lter 16–17

Brake 18

Display (LCP) 19

Coating PCB 20

Mains option 21

Adaptation A 22

Adaptation B 23

Software release 24–27

Software language 28

A options 29–30

Ordering Numbers: Options,

6.2

Accessories, and Spare Parts

Options and accessories Ordering number

VLT® Memory Module MCM 102

VLT® Memory Module Programmer

MCM 101

VLT® Control Panel LCP 21 (Numeric)

VLT® Control Panel LCP 102 (Graphical)

Graphical LCP adapter 132B0281

VLT® Control Panel LCP Blind Cover

IP21/Type 1 conversion kit, K1 132B0335

IP21/Type 1 conversion kit, K2 132B0336

IP21/Type 1 conversion kit, K3 132B0337

IP21/Type 1 conversion kit, K4 132B0338

IP21/Type 1 conversion kit, K5 132B0339

Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size A

Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size B

Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size C

Adapter plate, VLT® 2800 size D

VLT® 24 V DC supply MCB 106

LCP Remote Mounting Kit, w/3 m (10

ft) cable

LCP Mounting Kit, w/no LCP 130B1117

1) Available in the middle of 2017.

Table 6.2 Ordering Numbers for Options and Accessories

132B0359

134B0792

132B0254

130B1107

132B0262

132B0363

132B0364

132B0365

132B0366

132B0368

132B0102

Table 6.1 Type Code Character Positions

From the online Drive

Congurator, a customer can

congure the right frequency converter for a given

application and generate the type code string. The Drive Congurator automatically generates an 8-digit sales number to be delivered to the local sales oce. Another option is to establish a project list with several products and send it to a Danfoss sales representative.

The Drive

Congurator can be found on the global internet

site: vltcong.danfoss.com.

Type Code and Selection

Spare parts Ordering number

Accessory bag FC 280 plugs 132B0350

Fan 50x20 IP21 PWM 132B0351

Fan 60x20 IP21 PWM 132B0352

Fan 70x20 IP21 PWM 132B0353

Fan 92x38 IP21 PWM 132B0371

Fan 120x38 IP21 PWM 132B0372

Terminal cover enclosure size K1 132B0354

Terminal cover enclosure size K2 132B0355

Terminal cover enclosure size K3 132B0356

Terminal cover enclosure size K4 132B0357

Terminal cover enclosure size K5 132B0358

Bus cable decoupling kit, FC 280 132B0369

Decoupling kit, power I/O, K1 132B0373

Decoupling kit, power I/O, K2/K3 132B0374

Decoupling kit, power I/O, K4/K5 132B0375

VLT® Cassette control - Standard

VLT® Cassette control - CANopen

VLT® Cassette control - PROFIBUS

VLT® Cassette control - PROFINET

VLT® Cassette control - EtherNet/IP

VLT® Cassette control - POWERLINK

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

132B0345

132B0346

132B0347

132B0348

132B0349

132B0378

Table 6.3 Ordering Numbers for Spare Parts

Type Code and Selection Design Guide

6.3 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors

Danfoss oers a wide variety of dierent resistors that are specially designed for our frequency converters. See chapter 2.9.4 Control with Brake Function for the dimensioning of brake resistors. This section lists the ordering numbers for the brake resistors. The resistance of the brake resistor given by ordering number may be bigger than R

. In this case, the

rec

actual braking torque could be smaller than the highest braking torque which the frequency converter can provide.

6.3.1 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 10%

Power

rating

3-phase

380–480 V

(T4)

PK37 0.37 (0.5) 890 1041.98 989

PK55 0.55 (0.75) 593 693.79 659

PK75 0.75 (1.0) 434 508.78 483

P1K1 1.1 (1.5) 288 338.05 321

P1K5 1.5 (2.0) 208 244.41 232

P2K2 2.2 (3.0) 139 163.95 155

P3K0 3 (4.0) 100 118.86 112

P4K0 4 (5.0) 74 87.93 83

P5K5 5.5 (7.5) 54 63.33 60

P7K5 7.5 (10) 38 46.05 43

P11K 11 (15) 27 32.99 31

P15K 15 (20) 19 24.02 22

P18K 18.5 (25) 16 19.36 18

P22K 22 (30) 16 18.00 17

m (HO)

[kW (hp)]

[Ω] [Ω] [Ω]

min

br. nom

rec

br avg

[kW (hp)] 175Uxxxx [s]

0.030

(0.040)

0.045

(0.060)

0.061

(0.080)

0.092

(0.120)

0.128

(0.172)

0.190

(0.255)

0.262

(0.351)

0.354

(0.475)

0.492

(0.666)

0.677

(0.894)

0.945

(1.267)

1.297

(1.739)

1.610

(2.158)

1.923

(2.578)

Ordering

number

3000 120 1.5 (16) 0.3 139

3001 120 1.5 (16) 0.4 131

3002 120 1.5 (16) 0.4 129

3004 120 1.5 (16) 0.5 132

3007 120 1.5 (16) 0.8 145

3008 120 1.5 (16) 0.9 131

3300 120 1.5 (16) 1.3 131

3335 120 1.5 (16) 1.9 128

3336 120 1.5 (16) 2.5 127

3337 120 1.5 (16) 3.3 132

3338 120 1.5 (16) 5.2 130

3339 120 1.5 (16) 6.7 129

3340 120 1.5 (16) 8.3 132

3357 120 1.5 (16) 10.1 128

Period Cable

cross-

section

[mm

(AWG)]

Thermal

relay

[A] [%]

Maximum

brake torque

with resistor

Table 6.4 FC 280 - Mains: 3-phase 380–480 V (T4), 10% Duty Cycle

Type Code and Selection

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Power

rating

m (HO)

min

br. nom

rec

br avg

Ordering

number

Period Cable

cross-

section

3-phase

200–240 V

[kW (hp)]

[Ω] [Ω] [Ω]

[kW (hp)] 175Uxxxx [s]

[mm

(AWG)]

(T2)

PK37 0.37 (0.5) 225 263.22 250

PK55 0.55 (0.75) 151 176.90 168

PK75 0.75 (1.0) 110 129.92 123

P1K1 1.1 (1.5) 73 86.77 82

P1K5 1.5 (2.0) 53 62.70 59

P2K2 2.2 (3.0) 35 42.06 39

P3K7 3.7 (5.0) 20 24.47 23

0.030

(0.040)

0.045

(0.060)

0.062

(0.083)

0.092

(0.120)

0.128

(0.172)

0.190

(0.255)

0.327

(0.439)

3006 120 1.5 (16) 0.6 140

3011 120 1.5 (16) 0.7 142

3016 120 1.5 (16) 0.8 143

3021 120 1.5 (16) 0.9 139

3026 120 1.5 (16) 1.6 143

3031 120 1.5 (16) 1.9 140

3326 120 1.5 (16) 3.5 145

Table 6.5 FC 280 - Mains: 3-phase 200–240 V (T2), 10% Duty Cycle

1) All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature.

Thermal

relay

[A] [%]

Maximum

brake torque

with resistor

Type Code and Selection Design Guide

6.3.2 Ordering Numbers: Brake Resistors 40%

Power

rating

3-phase

380–480 V

(T4)

PK37 0.37 (0.5) 890 1041.98 989

PK55 0.55 (0.75) 593 693.79 659

PK75 0.75 (1.0) 434 508.78 483

P1K1 1.1 (1.5) 288 338.05 321

P1K5 1.5 (2.0) 208 244.41 232

P2K2 2.2 (3.0) 139 163.95 155

P3K0 3 (4.0) 100 118.86 112

P4K0 4 (5.0) 74 87.93 83

P5K5 5.5 (7.5) 54 63.33 60

P7K5 7.5 (10) 38 46.05 43

P11K 11 (15) 27 32.99 31

P15K 15 (20) 19 24.02 22

P18K 18.5 (25) 16 19.36 18

P22K 22 (30) 16 18.00 17

m (HO)

[kW (hp)]

min

[Ω] [Ω] [Ω]

br. nom

rec

br avg

[kW (hp)] 175Uxxxx [s]

0.127

(0.170)

0.191

(0.256)

0.260

(0.349)

0.391

(0.524)

0.541

(0.725)

0.807

(1.082)

1.113

(1.491)

1.504

(2.016)

2.088

(2.799)

2.872

(3.850)

4.226

(5.665)

5.804

(7.780)

7.201

(9.653)

8.604

(11.534)

Ordering

number

3101 120 1.5 (16) 0.4 139

3308 120 1.5 (16) 0.5 131

3309 120 1.5 (16) 0.7 129

3310 120 1.5 (16) 1 132

3311 120 1.5 (16) 1.4 145

3312 120 1.5 (16) 2.1 131

3313 120 1.5 (16) 2.7 131

3314 120 1.5 (16) 3.7 128

3315 120 1.5 (16) 5 127

3316 120 1.5 (16) 7.1 132

3236 120 2.5 (14) 11.5 130

3237 120 2.5 (14) 14.7 129

3238 120 4 (12) 19 132

3203 120 4 (12) 23 128

Period Cable

cross-

section

[mm2]

Thermal

relay

Maximum

brake torque

with resistor

[A] [%]

Table 6.6 FC 280 - Mains: 3-phase 380–480 V (T4), 40% Duty Cycle

Type Code and Selection

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Power

rating

3-phase

200–240 V

(T2)

PK37 0.37 (0.5) 225 263.22 250

PK55 0.55 (0.75) 151 176.90 168

PK75 0.75 (1.0) 110 129.92 123

P1K1 1.1 (1.5) 73 86.77 82

P1K5 1.5 (2.0) 53 62.70 59

P2K2 2.2 (3.0) 35 42.06 39

P3K7 3.7 (5.0) 20 24.47 23

Table 6.7 FC 280 - Mains: 3-phase 200–240 V (T2), 40% Duty Cycle

1) All cabling must comply with national and local regulations on cable cross-sections and ambient temperature.

m (HO)

[kW (hp)]

[Ω] [Ω] [Ω]

min

br. nom

rec

br avg

[kW (hp)] 175Uxxxx [s]

0.129

(0.173)

0.192

(0.257)

0.261

(0.350)

0.391

(0.524)

0.541

(0.725)

0.807

(1.082)

1.386

(1.859)

Ordering

number

3096 120 1.5 (16) 0.8 140

3008 120 1.5 (16) 0.9 142

3300 120 1.5 (16) 1.3 143

3301 120 1.5 (16) 2 139

3302 120 1.5 (16) 2.7 143

3303 120 1.5 (16) 4.2 140

3305 120 1.5 (16) 6.8 145

Period Cable

cross-

section

[mm

(AWG)]

Thermal

relay

[A] [%]

Maximum

brake torque

with resistor

Ordering Numbers: Sine-wave Filters

6.4

Frequency converter power and current ratings Filter current rating

[kW

(hp)]

– –

0.37

(0.5)

– – 1.1 (1.5) 3 1.1 (1.5) 2.8

0.55

(0.75)

0.75 (1) 4.2 2.2 (3) 5.3 2.2 (3) 4.8

1.1 (1.5) 6 3 (4) 7.2 3 (4) 6.3

1.5 (2) 6.8 – – – –

– – 4 (5.5) 9 4 (5.5) 8.2 10 9.5 7.5 6 130B2409 130B2444

2.2 (3) 9.6 5.5 (7.5) 12 5.5 (7.5) 11

3.7 (5) 15.2 7.5 (10) 15.5 7.5 (10) 14

– – 11 (15) 23 11 (15) 21 24 23 18 5 130B2412 130B2447

– – 15 (20) 31 15 (20) 27

– –

– – 22 (30) 42.5 22 (30) 40 48 45.5 36 5 130B2281 130B2307

[A]

200–240 V 200–240 V 200–240 V 50 Hz 60 Hz 100 Hz – IP00 IP20

2.2 0.75 (1) 2.2 0.75 (1) 2.1

3.2 1.5 (2) 3.7 1.5 (2) 3.4

[kW

(hp)]

0.37

(0.5)

0.55

(0.75)

18.5

(25)

[A]

1.2

1.7

[kW

(hp)]

0.37

(0.5)

0.55

(0.75)

18.5

(25)

[A] [A] [A] [A] [kHz] – –

1.1

1.6

2.5 2.5 2 6 130B2404 130B2439– –

4.5 4 3.5 6 130B2406 130B2441

8 7.5 5.5 6 130B2408 130B2443

17 16 13 6 130B2411 130B2446

38 36 28.5 5 130B2413 130B2448

Switching

frequency

Ordering number

Table 6.8 Sine-wave Filters for Frequency Converters with 380-480 V

1) The switching frequency could be derated to 3 kHz due to the output speed (less than 60% normal speed), over load, or over temperature. The

customer could notice the noise change of the lter.

Type Code and Selection Design Guide

Suggested parameter settings for operation with sine-wave lter are as follows:

Set [1] Sine-Wave Filter in parameter 14-55 Output Filter.

•

Set suitable value for individual lter in parameter 14-01 Switching Frequency. When [1] Sine-Wave Filter is set in

•

parameter 14-55 Output Filter, the options which are lower than 5 kHz in parameter 14-01 Switching Frequency are removed automatically.

6.5 Ordering Numbers: dU/dt Filters

Frequency converter power and current ratings Filter current rating Ordering number

380@ 60 Hz

380-440 V 441-480 V

[kW (hp)] [A] [kW (hp)] [A] [A] [A] – – –

11 (15) 23 11 (15) 21

15 (20) 31 15 (20) 27

18.5 (25) 37 18.5 (25) 34

22 (30) 42.5 22 (30) 40

Table 6.9 dU/dt Filters for Frequency Converters with 380-480 V

200–400/440

@ 50 Hz

44 40 130B2835 130B2836 130B2837

460/480 @

60 Hz

500/525 @

50 Hz

IP00 IP20 IP54

6.6 Ordering Numbers: External EMC Filters

For K1S2 and K2S2, with external EMC lters listed in Table 6.10, the maximum shielded cable length of 100 m (328 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C2 (EN 55011 A1), or 40 m (131.2 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C1 (EN 55011 B) can be achieved.

For K1T4, K2T4 and K3T4 with internal A1 lter, with external EMC lters listed in Table 6.10, the maximum shielded cable length of 100 m (328 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C2 (EN 55011 A1), or 25 m (82 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C1 (EN 55011 B) can be achieved.

lter ordering number 134B5466 134B5467 134B5463 134B5464 134B5465

EMC

Frequency converter enclosure size K1S2 K2S2 K1T4 K2T4 K3T4

Dimensions A [mm (in)] 250 (9.8) 312.5 (12.3) 250 (9.8) 312.5 (12.3)

Dimensions a1 [mm (in)] 234 (9.2) 303 (11.9) 234 (9.2) 303 (11.9)

Dimensions a2 [mm (in)] 19.5 (0.77) 21.3 (0.84) 19.5 (0.77) 21.3 (0.84)

Dimensions am [mm (in)] 198 (7.8) 260 (10.2) 198 (7.8) 260 (10.2)

Dimensions B [mm (in)] 75 (2.95) 90 (3.54) 75 (2.95) 90 (3.54) 115 (4.53)

Dimensions b1 [mm (in)] 55 (2.17) 70 (2.76) 55 (2.17) 70 (2.76) 90 (3.54)

Dimensions bm [mm (in)] 60 (2.36) 70 (2.76) 60 (2.36) 70 (2.76) 90 (3.54)

Dimensions C [mm (in)] 50 (1.97)

Dimensions c1 [mm (in)] 22.7 (0.89)

Dimensions D1 [mm (in)] Ø5.3 (Ø0.21)

Dimensions Dm [mm (in)] M4 M5 M4 M5

Dimensions e1 [mm (in)] 6.5 (0.26) 5 (0.20) 6.5 (0.26) 5 (0.20)

Dimensions f1 [mm (in)] 10 (0.39) 12.5 (0.49)

Dimensions fm [mm (in)] 7.5 (0.30)

Mounting screws for EMC lter M5

Mounting screws for frequency converter M4 M5 M4 M5

Weight [kg (lb)] 1.10 (2.43)

10 (0.39) 7.5 (0.30) 10 (0.39)

1.50 (3.31) 1.20 (2.65) 1.90 (4.19) 2.10 (4.63)

12.5 (0.49)

Table 6.10 Details of EMC Filter for K1–K3

130BF872.10

6-D1

4-Dm

6-D1

Type Code and Selection

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Illustration 6.2 Dimensions of EMC Filter for K1–K3

For K4T4 and K5T4 with internal A1 lter, with external EMC lters listed in Table 6.11, the maximum shielded cable length of 100 m (328 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C2 (EN 55011 A1), or 25 m (82 ft) according to EN/IEC 61800-3 C1 (EN 55011 B) can be achieved.

Power [kW (hp)]

Size 380–480 V

11–15

(15–20)

18.5–22

(25–30)

Type A B C D E F G H I J K L1

FN3258-30-47 270 50 85 240 255 30 5.4 1 10.6 M5 25 40

FN3258-42-47 310 50 85 280 295 30 5.4 1 10.6 M5 25 40

Table 6.11 Details of EMC Filter for K4–K5

Torque

[Nm (in-lb)]

1.9–2.2

(16.8–19.5)

1.9–2.2

(16.8–19.5)

Weight [kg (lb)] Ordering Number

1.2

(2.6)

1.4

(3.1)

132B0246

132B0247

130BC247.10

Type Code and Selection Design Guide

Illustration 6.3 Dimensions of EMC Filter for K4–K5

Specications

7 Specications

7.1 Electrical Data

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Frequency converter

typical shaft output [kW (hp)]

Enclosure protection rating IP20 (IP21/Type 1

as option)

Output current

Shaft output [kW] 0.37 0.55 0.75 1.1 1.5 2.2 3

Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 1.2 1.7 2.2 3 3.7 5.3 7.2

Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.8 6.3

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 1.9 2.7 3.5 4.8 5.9 8.5 11.5

Continuous kVA (400 V AC) [kVA] 0.9 1.2 1.5 2.1 2.6 3.7 5.0

Continuous kVA (480 V AC) [kVA] 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.5 2.8 4.0 5.2

Maximum input current

Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.5 4.7 6.3

Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.9 3.9 4.3

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 1.9 2.6 3.4 4.2 5.6 7.5 10.1

More specications

Maximum cable cross-section (mains, motor,

brake, and load sharing) [mm2 (AWG)]

Estimated power loss at rated maximum load

[W]

Weight, enclosure protection rating IP20 [kg

(lb)]

Weight, enclosure protection rating IP21 [kg

(lb)]

Eciency [%]

PK37

0.37

(0.5)

K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 K2

20.9 25.2 30 40 52.9 74 94.8

2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.5 (5.5) 3.6 (7.9)

4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 5.5 (12.1)

96.0 96.6 96.8 97.2 97.0 97.5 98.0

PK55

0.55

(0.75)

PK75

0.75

(1.0)

P1K1

1.1

(1.5)

4 (12)

P1K5

1.5

(2.0)

P2K2

2.2

(3.0)

P3K0

3.0

(4.0)

Table 7.1 Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

Specications Design Guide

Frequency converter

typical shaft output [kW (hp)]

Enclosure protection rating IP20 (IP21/Type 1 as

option)

Output current

Shaft output 4 5.5 7.5 11 15 18.5 22

Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 9 12 15.5 23 31 37 42.5

Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 8.2 11 14 21 27 34 40

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 14.4 19.2 24.8 34.5 46.5 55.5 63.8

Continuous kVA (400 V AC) [kVA] 6.2 8.3 10.7 15.9 21.5 25.6 29.5

Continuous kVA (480 V AC) [kVA] 6.8 9.1 11.6 17.5 22.4 28.3 33.3

Maximum input current

Continuous (3x380–440 V) [A] 8.3 11.2 15.1 22.1 29.9 35.2 41.5

Continuous (3x441–480 V) [A] 6.8 9.4 12.6 18.4 24.7 29.3 34.6

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 13.3 17.9 24.2 33.2 44.9 52.8 62.3

More specications

Maximum cable cross-section (mains, motor,

brake, and load sharing) [mm2 (AWG)]

Estimated power loss at rated maximum load

[W]

Weight enclosure protection rating IP20 [kg (lb)] 3.6 (7.9) 3.6 (7.9) 4.1 (9.0) 9.4 (20.7) 9.5 (20.9) 12.3 (27.1) 12.5 (27.6)

Weight enclosure protection rating IP21 [kg (lb)] 5.5 (12.1) 5.5 (12.1) 6.5 (14.3) 10.5 (23.1) 10.5 (23.1) 14.0 (30.9) 14.0 (30.9)

Eciency [%]

P4K0

(5.4)

K2 K2 K3 K4 K4 K5 K5

115.5 157.5 192.8 289.5 393.4 402.8 467.5

98.0 97.8 97.7 98.0 98.1 98.0 98.0

P5K5

5.5

(7.5)

4 (12) 16 (6)

P7K5

7.5

(10)

P11K

(15)

P15K

(20)

P18K

18.5

(25)

P22K

(30)

7 7

Table 7.2 Mains Supply 3x380–480 V AC

Frequency converter

typical shaft output [kW (hp)]

Enclosure protection rating IP20 (IP21/Type 1 as

option)

Output current

Continuous (3x200–240 V) [A] 2.2 3.2 4.2 6 6.8 9.6 15.2

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 3.5 5.1 6.7 9.6 10.9 15.4 24.3

Continuous kVA (230 V AC) [kVA] 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 3.8 6.1

Maximum input current

Continuous (3x200–240 V) [A] 1.8 2.7 3.4 4.7 6.3 8.8 14.3

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 2.9 4.3 5.4 7.5 10.1 14.1 22.9

More specications

Maximum cable cross-section (mains, motor,

brake, and load sharing) [mm2 (AWG)]

Estimated power loss at rated maximum load

[W]

Weight enclosure protection rating IP20 [kg

(lb)]

Weight enclosure protection rating IP21 [kg

(lb)]

Eciency [%]

PK37

0.37

(0.5)

K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 K2 K3

29.4 38.5 51.1 60.7 76.1 96.1 147.5

2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.5 (5.5) 3.6 (7.9)

4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 5.5 (12.1) 6.5 (14.3)

96.4 96.6 96.3 96.6 96.5 96.7 96.7

PK55

0.55

(0.75)

PK75

0.75

(1.0)

P1K1

1.1

(1.5)

4 (12)

P1K5

1.5

(2.0)

P2K2

2.2

(3.0)

P3K7

3.7

(5.0)

Table 7.3 Mains Supply 3x200–240 V AC

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Frequency converter

typical shaft output [kW (hp)]

Enclosure protection rating IP20 (IP21/Type 1 as

option)

Output current

Continuous (3x200–240 V) [A] 2.2 3.2 4.2 6 6.8 9.6

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 3.5 5.1 6.7 9.6 10.9 15.4

Continuous kVA (230 V AC) [kVA] 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 3.8

Maximum input current

Continuous (1x200–240 V) [A] 2.9 4.4 5.5 7.7 10.4 14.4

Intermittent (60 s overload) [A] 4.6 7.0 8.8 12.3 16.6 23.0

More specications

Maximum cable cross-section (mains and motor)

[mm2 (AWG)]

Estimated power loss at rated maximum load [W]

Weight enclosure protection rating IP20 [kg (lb)] 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.3 (5.1) 2.5 (5.5)

Weight enclosure protection rating IP21 [kg (lb)] 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 4.0 (8.8) 5.5 (12.1)

Eciency [%]

Table 7.4 Mains Supply 1x200–240 V AC

1) The typical power loss is at nominal load conditions and expected to be within ±15% (tolerance relates to variety in voltage and cable

conditions).

Values are based on a typical motor eciency (IE2/IE3 border line). Motors with lower eciency add to the power loss in the frequency converter,

and motors with high eciency reduce power loss.

Applies to dimensioning of frequency converter cooling. If the switching frequency is higher than the default setting, the power losses sometimes

rise. LCP and typical control card power consumptions are included. Further options and customer load sometimes add up to 30 W to the losses

(though typically only 4 W extra for a fully loaded control card or eldbus).

For power loss data according to EN 50598-2, refer to www.danfoss.com/vltenergyeciency.

2) Measured using 50 m (164 ft) shielded motor cables at rated load and rated frequency. For energy eciency class, see chapter 7.4 Ambient

Conditions. For part load losses, see www.danfoss.com/vltenergyeciency.

PK37

0.37

(0.5)

K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 K2

37.7 46.2 56.2 76.8 97.5 121.6

94.4 95.1 95.1 95.3 95.0 95.4

PK55

0.55

(0.74)

PK75

0.75

(1.0)

4 (12)

P1K1

1.1

(1.5)

P1K5

1.5

(2.0)

P2K2

2.2

(3.0)

Specications Design Guide

7.2 Mains Supply

Mains supply (L1/N, L2/L, L3) Supply terminals (L1/N, L2/L, L3)

Supply voltage 380–480 V: -15% (-25%)1) to +10%

Supply voltage 200–240 V: -15% (-25%)1) to +10%

1) The frequency converter can run at -25% input voltage with reduced performance. The maximum output power of the frequency converter is 75% if input voltage is -25%, and 85% if input voltage is -15%. Full torque cannot be expected at mains voltage lower than 10% below the lowest rated supply voltage of the frequency converter.

Supply frequency 50/60 Hz ±5% Maximum imbalance temporary between mains phases 3.0% of rated supply voltage True power factor (λ) ≥0.9 nominal at rated load Displacement power factor (cos ϕ) Near unity (>0.98) Switching on input supply (L1/N, L2/L, L3) (power-ups) ≤7.5 kW (10 hp) Maximum 2 times/minute Switching on input supply (L1/N, L2/L, L3) (power-ups) 11–22 kW (15–30 hp) Maximum 1 time/minute

7.3 Motor Output and Motor Data

Motor output (U, V, W) Output voltage 0–100% of supply voltage Output frequency 0–500 Hz

Output frequency in VVC+ mode 0–200 Hz Switching on output Unlimited Ramp time 0.01–3600 s

Torque characteristics

Starting torque (constant torque) Maximum 160% for 60 s

Overload torque (constant torque) Maximum 160% for 60 s Starting current Maximum 200% for 1 s

Torque rise time in VVC+ mode (independent of fsw) Maximum 50 ms

1) Percentage relates to the nominal torque. It is 150% for 11–22 kW (15–30 hp) frequency converters.

7 7

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

7.4 Ambient Conditions

Ambient conditions IP class IP20 (IP21/NEMA type 1 as option) Vibration test, all enclosure sizes 1.14 g Relative humidity 5–95% (IEC 721-3-3; Class 3K3 (non-condensing) during operation Ambient temperature (at DPWM switching mode)

- with derating Maximum 55 °C (131 °F)

- at full constant output current Maximum 45 °C (113 °F) Minimum ambient temperature during full-scale operation 0 °C (32 °F) Minimum ambient temperature at reduced performance -10 °C (14 °F) Temperature during storage/transport -25 to +65/70 °C (-13 to +149/158 °F) Maximum altitude above sea level without derating 1000 m (3280 ft) Maximum altitude above sea level with derating 3000 m (9243 ft)

EN 61800-3, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-3, EN 61000-3-11,

EMC standards, emission

EMC standards, immunity

Energy eciency class

1) Refer to chapter 7.12 Special Conditions for:

Derating for high ambient temperature.

•

Derating for high altitude.

•

2) For PROFIBUS, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, and POWERLINK variant of VLT overtemperature, avoid full digital/analog I/O load at ambient temperature higher than 45 °C (113 °F).

3) Ambient temperature for K1S2 with derating is maximun 50

4) Ambient temperature for K1S2 at full constant output current is maximun 40 °C (104 °F).

5) Determined according to EN 50598-2 at:

Rated load.

•

90% rated frequency.

•

Switching frequency factory setting.

•

Switching pattern factory setting.

•

Open type: Surrounding air temperature 45 °C (113 °F).

•

Type 1 (NEMA kit): Ambient temperature 45 °C (113 °F).

•

C (122 °F).

EN 61000-3-12, EN 61000-6-3/4, EN 55011, IEC 61800-3 EN 61800-3, EN 61000-6-1/2, EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-3 EN 61000-4-4, EN 61000-4-5, EN 61000-4-6, EN 61326-3-1

Midi Drive FC 280, to prevent the control card from

1)2)3)

IE2

Cable Specications

7.5

Cable lengths Maximum motor cable length, shielded 50 m (164 ft) Maximum motor cable length, unshielded 75 m (246 ft)

Maximum cross-section of control terminals, exible/rigid wire 2.5 mm2/14 AWG

Minimum cross-section of control terminals 0.55 mm2/30 AWG Maximum STO input cable length, unshielded 20 m (66 ft)

1) For power cables cross-sections, see Table 7.1, Table 7.2, Table 7.3, and Table 7.4. When complying with EN 55011 1A and EN 55011 1B the motor cable must in certain instances be reduced. See chapter 2.6.2 EMC Emission for more details.

Specications Design Guide

7.6 Control Input/Output and Control Data

Digital inputs

Terminal number 18, 19, 271), 29, 32, 33 Logic PNP or NPN Voltage level 0–24 V DC Voltage level, logic 0 PNP <5 V DC Voltage level, logic 1 PNP >10 V DC Voltage level, logic 0 NPN >19 V DC Voltage level, logic 1 NPN <14 V DC Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC Pulse frequency range 4–32 kHz (Duty cycle) minimum pulse width 4.5 ms Input resistance, R

1) Terminal 27 can also be programmed as output.

STO inputs Terminal number 37, 38 Voltage level 0–30 V DC Voltage level, low <1.8 V DC Voltage level, high >20 V DC Maximum voltage on input 30 V DC Minimum input current (each pin) 6 mA

Approximately 4 kΩ

7 7

Mains

Functional isolation

PELV isolation

Motor

DC bus

High

voltage

Control

RS485

130BE837.10

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Analog inputs Number of analog inputs 2

Terminal number 531), 54 Modes Voltage or current Mode select Software Voltage level 0–10 V Input resistance, R

Approximately 10 kΩ

Maximum voltage -15 V to +20 V Current level 0/4 to 20 mA (scaleable) Input resistance, R

Approximately 200 Ω

Maximum current 30 mA Resolution for analog inputs 11 bit Accuracy of analog inputs Maximum error 0.5% of full scale Bandwidth 100 Hz

The analog inputs are galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

1) Terminal 53 supports only voltage mode and can also be used as digital input.

Illustration 7.1 Galvanic Isolation

NOTICE

HIGH ALTITUDE

For installation at altitudes above 2000 m (6562 ft), contact Danfoss hotline regarding PELV.

Pulse inputs Programmable pulse inputs 2 Terminal number pulse 29, 33 Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 32 kHz (push-pull driven) Maximum frequency at terminal 29, 33 5 kHz (open collector) Minimum frequency at terminal 29, 33 4 Hz Voltage level See the section on digital input Maximum voltage on input 28 V DC Input resistance, R

Pulse input accuracy Maximum error: 0.1% of full scale

Approximately 4 kΩ

Specications Design Guide

Digital outputs Programmable digital/pulse outputs 1

Terminal number 27 Voltage level at digital/frequency output 0–24 V Maximum output current (sink or source) 40 mA Maximum load at frequency output 1 kΩ Maximum capacitive load at frequency output 10 nF Minimum output frequency at frequency output 4 Hz Maximum output frequency at frequency output 32 kHz Accuracy of frequency output Maximum error: 0.1% of full scale Resolution of frequency output 10 bit

1) Terminal 27 can also be programmed as input.

The digital output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Analog outputs Number of programmable analog outputs 1 Terminal number 42 Current range at analog output 0/4–20 mA Maximum resistor load to common at analog output 500 Ω Accuracy on analog output Maximum error: 0.8% of full scale Resolution on analog output 10 bit

The analog output is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Control card, 24 V DC output Terminal number 12, 13 Maximum load 100 mA

The 24 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV). However, the supply has the same potential as the analog and digital inputs and outputs.

7 7

Control card, +10 V DC output Terminal number 50 Output voltage 10.5 V ±0.5 V Maximum load 15 mA

The 10 V DC supply is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals.

Control card, RS485 serial communication Terminal number 68 (P,TX+, RX+), 69 (N,TX-, RX-) Terminal number 61 Common for terminals 68 and 69

The RS485 serial communication circuit is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV).

Control card, USB serial communication USB standard 1.1 (full speed) USB plug USB type B plug

Connection to PC is carried out via a standard host/device USB cable. The USB connection is galvanically isolated from the supply voltage (PELV) and other high-voltage terminals. The USB ground connection is not galvanically isolated from protective earth. Use only an isolated laptop as PC connection to the USB connector on the frequency converter.

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Relay outputs Programmable relay outputs 1 Relay 01 01–03 (NC), 01–02 (NO)

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 01–02 (NO) (resistive load) 250 V AC, 3 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1) on 01–02 (NO) (inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 250 V AC, 0.2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 01–02 (NO) (resistive load) 30 V DC, 2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-13)1) on 01–02 (NO) (inductive load) 24 V DC, 0.1 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-1)1) on 01–03 (NC) (resistive load) 250 V AC, 3 A

Maximum terminal load (AC-15)1)on 01–03 (NC) (inductive load @ cosφ 0.4) 250 V AC, 0.2 A

Maximum terminal load (DC-1)1) on 01–03 (NC) (resistive load) 30 V DC, 2 A Minimum terminal load on 01–03 (NC), 01–02 (NO) 24 V DC 10 mA, 24 V AC 20 mA

1) IEC 60947 parts 4 and 5 The relay contacts are galvanically isolated from the rest of the circuit by reinforced isolation.

Control card performance Scan interval 1 ms

Control characteristics Resolution of output frequency at 0–500 Hz ±0.003 Hz System response time (terminals 18, 19, 27, 29, 32, and 33) ≤2 ms Speed control range (open loop) 1:100 of synchronous speed Speed accuracy (open loop) ±0.5% of nominal speed Speed accuracy (closed loop) ±0.1% of nominal speed

All control characteristics are based on a 4-pole asynchronous motor.

Connection Tightening Torques

7.7

Make sure to use the right torques when tightening all electrical connections. Too low or too high torque sometimes causes electrical connection problems. To ensure that correct torques are applied, use a torque wrench. Recommended slot screwdriver type is SZS 0.6x3.5 mm.

Torque [Nm (in-lb)]

Enclosure

type

K3 7.5 (10) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 1.6 (14.2) 0.4 (3.5) 0.5 (4.4)

Power

[kW (hp)]

0.37–2.2

(0.5–3.0)

3.0–5.5

(4.0–7.5)

11–15

(15–20)

18.5–22

(25–30)

Mains Motor

0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 0.8 (7.1) 1.6 (14.2) 0.4 (3.5) 0.5 (4.4)

1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.2 (10.6) 1.6 (14.2) 0.4 (3.5) 0.5 (4.4)

connection

Brake Ground Control Relay

Table 7.5 Tightening Torques

Specications Design Guide

7.8 Fuses and Circuit Breakers

Use fuses and/or circuit breakers on the supply side to protect service personnel and equipment from injuries and damage if there is component breakdown inside the frequency converter (rst fault).

Branch circuit protection

Protect all branch circuits in an installation (including switch gear and machines) against short circuit and overcurrent according to national/international regulations.

NOTICE

Integral solid-state short-circuit protection does not provide branch circuit protection. Provide branch circuit protection in accordance with the national and local rules and regulations.

Table 7.6 lists the recommended fuses and circuit breakers that have been tested.

CAUTION

PERSONAL INJURY AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE RISK

Malfunction or failing to follow the recommendations may result in personal risk and damage to the frequency converter and other equipment.

Select fuses according to recommendations.

•

Possible damage can be limited to be inside the frequency converter.

NOTICE

EQUIPMENT DAMAGE Using fuses and/or circuit breakers is mandatory to ensure compliance with IEC 60364 for CE. Failure to follow the protection recommendations can result in damage to the frequency converter.

Danfoss recommends using the fuses and circuit breakers in Table 7.6 to ensure compliance with UL 508C or IEC 61800-5-1. For non-UL applications, design circuit breakers for protection in a circuit capable of delivering a maximum of 50000 A frequency converter short-circuit current rating (SCCR) is suitable for use on a circuit capable of delivering not more than 100000 A by Class T fuses.

(symmetrical), 240 V/400 V maximum. The

rms

, 240 V/480 V maximum when protected

rms

7 7

1.0

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96

0.95

0.93

0.92 0% 50% 100% 200%

0.94

Relative Eciency

130BB252.11

1.01

150%

% Speed

100% load 75% load 50% load 25% load

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Non-UL circuit

Enclosure size Power [kW (hp)] Non-UL fuse

0.37 (0.5)

0.55–0.75

3-phase 380–480 V

3-phase 200–240 V

Single-phase 200–240 V

K3 7.5 (10) PKZM0-25

K2 2.2 (3.0)

K3 3.7 (5.0) PKZM0-25

K2 2.2 (3.0) gG-25 PKZM0-20 JJN-25

(0.74–1.0)

1.1–1.5

(1.48–2.0)

2.2 (3.0) JJS-15

3.0–5.5

(4.0–7.5)

11–15

(15–20)

18.5–22

(25–30)

0.37 (0.5) gG-10

0.55 (0.74)

0.75 (1.0) JJN-15

1.1 (1.48)

1.5 (2.0)

0.37 (0.5) gG-10

0.55 (0.74)

0.75 (1.0) JJN-15

1.1 (1.48)

1.5 (2.0)

gG-10

gG-20

gG-25

gG-50 – JJS-50

gG-80 – JJS-80

gG-20

gG-25

gG-20

breaker

(Eaton)

PKZM0-16

PKZM0-20

PKZM0-16

PKZM0-20

PKZM0-16

UL fuse

(Bussmann, class T)

JJS-6

JJS-10

JJS-25

JJN-6

JJN-10

JJN-20

JJN-25

JJN-6

JJN-10

JJN-20

Table 7.6 Fuse and Circuit Breaker

Eciency

7.9

Eciency of the frequency converter (η

The load on the frequency converter has little eect on its eciency. In general, the eciency is the same at the

rated motor frequency f

. This rule also applies even if

M,N

the motor supplies 100% of the rated shaft torque or only 75%, for example if there is part loads.

This also means that the eciency of the frequency converter does not change even if other U/f characteristics are selected. However, the U/f characteristics inuence the eciency of the motor.

The eciency declines a little when the switching frequency is set to a value above the default value. If the mains voltage is 480 V, or if the motor cable is longer than 30 m (98.4 ft), the eciency is also slightly reduced.

Frequency converter eciency calculation

Calculate the eciency of the frequency converter at dierent loads based on Illustration 7.2. Multiply the factor

in Illustration 7.2 by the specic eciency factor listed in the specication tables in chapter 7.1 Electrical Data:

)

VLT

Illustration 7.2 Typical Eciency Curves

Eciency of the motor (η

MOTOR

)

The eciency of a motor connected to the frequency converter depends on the magnetizing level. In general, the eciency is as good as with mains operation. The eciency of the motor depends on the type of motor.

In the range of 75–100% of the rated torque, the eciency of the motor is practically constant, both when controlled by the frequency converter and when running directly on mains.

Specications Design Guide

In small motors, the inuence from the U/f characteristic on eciency is marginal. However, in motors from 11 kW (14.8 hp) and up, the advantages are signicant.

In general, the switching frequency does not aect the eciency of small motors. Motors from 11 kW (14.8 hp) and up have their eciency improved 1–2% because the sine shape of the motor current is almost perfect at high switching frequency.

Eciency of the system (η

SYSTEM

)

To calculate the system eciency, the eciency of the frequency converter (η the motor (η

SYSTEM

= η

VLT

MOTOR

x η

MOTOR

) is multiplied by the eciency of

VLT

7.10 Acoustic Noise

The acoustic noise from the frequency converter comes from 3 sources:

DC intermediate circuit coils.

•

Integral fan.

•

RFI lter choke.

•

The typical values measured at a distance of 1 m (3.3 ft) from the unit:

Enclosure size

[kW (hp)]

0.37–2.2

(0.5–3.0)

3.0–5.5 (4.0–7.5)

7.5 (10)

11–15 (15–20)

18.5–22 (25–30)

Table 7.7 Typical Measured Values

80% fan

speed [dBA]

41.4 42.7 33

50.3 54.3 32.9

51 54.2 33

59 61.1 32.9

64.6 65.6 32.9

Full fan speed

[dBA]

Background

noise

If the peak voltage is too high, motors without phase coil insulation are aected. The longer the motor cable, the higher the rise time and peak voltage.

Switching of the IGBTs cause peak voltage on the motor

terminals. The VLT® Midi Drive FC 280 complies with IEC 60034-25 regarding motors designed to be controlled by frequency converters. The FC 280 also complies with IEC 60034-17 regarding Norm motors controlled by frequency converters. The following dU/dt data are measured at the motor terminal side:

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 400 0.0904 0.718 6.41

50 (164) 400 0.292 1.05 2.84

5 (16.4) 480 0.108 0.835 6.20

50 (164) 480 0.32 1.25 3.09

Table 7.8 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 2.2 kW (3.0 hp), 3x380–480 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 400 0.096 0.632 5.31

50 (164) 400 0.306 0.99 2.58

5 (16.4) 480 0.118 0.694 4.67

50 (164) 480 0.308 1.18 3.05

Table 7.9 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 5.5 kW (7.5 hp), 3x380–480 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 400 0.128 0.732 4.54

50 (164) 400 0.354 1.01 2.27

5 (16.4) 480 0.134 0.835 5.03

50 (164) 480 0.36 1.21 2.69

Mains

voltage

[V]

Mains

voltage

[V]

Mains

voltage

[V]

Rise time

[μsec]

Rise time

[μsec]

Rise time

[μsec]

[kV]

PEAK

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

7 7

dU/dt Conditions

7.11

When a transistor in the frequency converter bridge switches, the voltage across the motor increases by a dU/dt ratio depending on the following factors:

The motor cable type.

•

The cross-section of the motor cable.

•

The length of the motor cable.

•

Whether the motor cable is shielded or not.

•

Inductance.

•

The natural induction causes an overshoot U

PEAK

in the

Table 7.10 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 7.5 kW (10 hp), 3x380–480 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 400 0.26 0.84 2.57

50 (164) 400 0.738 1.07 1.15

5 (16.4) 480 0.334 0.99 2.36

50 (164) 480 0.692 1.25 1.44

Table 7.11 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 15 kW (20 hp), 3x380–480 V

Mains

voltage

[V]

Rise time

[μsec]

PEAK

[kV]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

motor voltage before it stabilizes itself at a level depending on the voltage in the DC link. The rise time and the peak voltage U

aect the service life of the motor.

PEAK

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 400 0.258 0.652 2.01

50 (164) 400 0.38 1.03 2.15

5 (16.4) 480 0.258 0.752 2.34

50 (164) 480 0.4 1.23 2.42

Mains

voltage

[V]

Rise time

[μsec]

PEAK

[kV]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

Special Conditions

7.12

Under some special conditions, where the operation of the frequency converter is challenged, consider derating. In some conditions, derating must be done manually. In other conditions, the frequency converter automatically performs a degree of derating when necessary. Derating is done to ensure the performance at critical stages where

Table 7.12 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 22 kW (30 hp), 3x380–480 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 240 0.0712 0.484 5.44

50 (164) 240 0.224 0.594 2.11

Table 7.13 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 1.5 kW (2.0 hp), 3x200–240 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 240 0.072 0.468 5.25

50 (164) 240 0.208 0.592 2.28

Table 7.14 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 2.2 kW (3.0 hp), 3x200–240 V

Mains

voltage

[V]

Mains

voltage

[V]

Rise time

[μsec]

Rise time

[μsec]

PEAK

[kV]

PEAK

[kV]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

the alternative could be a trip.

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 240 0.092 0.526 4.56

50 (164) 240 0.28 0.6 1.72

Table 7.15 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 3.7 kW (5.0 hp), 3x200–240 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 240 0.088 0.414 3.79

50 (164) 240 0.196 0.593 2.41

Table 7.16 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 1.5 kW (2.0 hp), 1x200–240 V

Cable

length

[m (ft)]

5 (16.4) 240 0.112 0.368 2.64

50 (164) 240 0.116 0.362 2.51

Table 7.17 dU/dt Data for FC 280, 2.2 kW (3.0 hp), 1x200–240 V

Mains

voltage

[V]

Mains

voltage

[V]

Mains

voltage

[V]

Rise time

[μsec]

Rise time

[μsec]

Rise time

[μsec]

PEAK

[kV]

PEAK

[kV]

PEAK

[kV]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

dU/dt

[kV/μsec]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Switching Frequency [kHz]

Output Current

45C

50C

55C

130BE889.10

(1)

(2)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BE890.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BE891.10

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

(1) Output Current

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BE892.10

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

(1) Output Current

Specications Design Guide

7.12.1 Manual Derating

Manual derating must be considered for:

Air pressure – for installation at altitudes above

•

1000 m (3281 ft).

Motor speed – at continuous operation at low

•

RPM in constant torque applications.

Ambient temperature – above 45 °C (113 °F), for

•

details, see from Illustration 7.3 to Illustration 7.12.

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.3 K1T4 Derating Curve

Illustration 7.5 K3T4 Derating Curve

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.6 K4T4 Derating Curve

7 7

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.4 K2T4 Derating Curve

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BE893.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BF104.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BF105.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BF106.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BF107.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.7 K5T4 Derating Curve

Illustration 7.10 K3T2 Derating Curve

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.8 K1T2 Derating Curve

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.9 K2T2 Derating Curve

Illustration 7.11 K1S2 Derating Curve

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

45C

50C

55C

130BF107.10

(1) Output Current

(2) Switching Frequency [kHz]

Specications Design Guide

(1) Output current

(2) Switching frequency [kHz]

Illustration 7.12 K2S2 Derating Curve

NOTICE

Rated switching frequency is 6 kHz for K1–K3, 5 kHz for K4–K5.

7 7

7.12.2 Automatic Derating

The frequency converter constantly checks for critical levels:

Critical high temperature on the heat sink.

•

High motor load.

•

Low motor speed.

•

Protection signals (overvoltage/undervoltage,

•

overcurrent, ground fault, and short circuit) are triggered.

As a response to a critical level, the frequency converter adjusts the switching frequency.

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

7.13 Enclosure Sizes, Power Ratings, and Dimensions

Enclosure size K1 K2 K3 K4 K5

Single-phase

200–240 V

Power size

[kW (hp)]

Dimensions

[mm (in)]

Weight

[kg (lb)]

Mounting

holes [mm

(in)]

3-phase

200–240 V

3-phase

380–480 V

Height A1 210 (8.3) 272.5 (10.7)

Height A2 278 (10.9) 340 (13.4)

Width B 75 (3.0) 90 (3.5) 115 (4.5) 133 (5.2) 150 (5.9)

Depth C 168 (6.6) 168 (6.6) 168 (6.6) 245 (9.6) 245 (9.6)

Height A 338.5 (13.3) 395 (15.6)

Width B 100 (3.9) 115 (4.5) 130 (5.1) 153 (6.0) 170 (6.7)

Depth C 183 (7.2) 183 (7.2) 183 (7.2) 260 (10.2) 260 (10.2)

Height A 294 (11.6) 356 (14)

Width B 75 (3.0) 90 (3.5) 115 (4.5) 133 (5.2) 150 (5.9)

Depth C 168 (6.6) 168 (6.6) 168 (6.6) 245 (9.6) 245 (9.6)

IP20 2.5 (5.5) 3.6 (7.9)

IP21 4.0 (8.8) 5.5 (12.1)

a 198 (7.8) 260 (10.2)

b 60 (2.4) 70 (2.8) 90 (3.5) 105 (4.1) 120 (4.7)

c 5 (0.2) 6.4 (0.25)

d 9 (0.35) 11 (0.43) 11 (0.43) 12.4 (0.49) 12.6 (0.5)

e 4.5 (0.18) 5.5 (0.22)

f 7.3 (0.29) 8.1 (0.32)

0.37

(0.5)

0.37

(0.5)

0.37

(0.5)

0.55

(0.75)

0.55

(0.75)

0.55

(0.75)

0.75

1.1

(1.0)

(1.5)

0.75

1.1

(1.0)

(1.5)

0.75

1.1

(1.0)

(1.5)

FC 280 with IP21/UL/Type 1 kit

FC 280 with bottom cable entry cover (w/o top cover)

1.5

(2.0)

1.5

(2.0)

1.5

(2.0)

FC 280 IP20

2.2

(3.0)

(4.0

(3.0)

(5.5)

)

2.2

5.5

(7.5)

– – –

3.7

(5.0)

7.5

(10)11(15)15(20)

272.5

(10.7)

341.5

(13.4)

395

(15.6)

357

(14.1)

4.6

(10.1)

6.5

(14.3)

260

(10.2)

6.5

(0.26)

5.5

(0.22)

9.2

(0.36)

– –

317.5

(12.5)

379.5

(14.9)

425 (16.7) 520 (20.5)

391 (15.4) 486 (19.1)

8.2 (18.1) 11.5 (25.4)

10.5 (23.1) 14.0 (30.9)

297.5

(11.7)

8 (0.32) 7.8 (0.31)

6.8 (0.27) 7 (0.28)

11 (0.43) 11.2 (0.44)

18.5

(25)22(30)

410 (16.1)

474 (18.7)

390 (15.4)

Table 7.18 Enclosure Sizes, Power Ratings, and Dimensions

130BE844.11

130BE846.10

Specications Design Guide

7 7

Illustration 7.13 Standard with Decoupling Plate

Illustration 7.14 Standard with Bottom Cable Entry Cover (w/o Top Cover)

130BE845.10

130BA648.12

Specications

VLT® Midi Drive FC 280

Illustration 7.15 Standard with IP21/UL/Type 1 kit

Illustration 7.16 Top and Bottom Mounting Holes

Danfoss FC 280 Design guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual