Complete refrigeration appliance control with great exibility to adapt to refrigeration appliances and cold storage
rooms.
Advantages:
• Universal controller for control of up to 3 AKV valves in same refrigeration section
• Quick set-up with predened settings
• Easy conguration and service using a mobile app with Bluetooth
• Energy optimization of the whole refrigeration appliance
• Adaptive Minimum Stable Superheat (MSS) control is performed with lowest possible superheat
• Allows the suction pressure to be raised several degrees
• Adaptive Liquid Control (ALC) can be performed with superheat down to 0 degrees on transcritical CO2 systems
with liquid ejectors
Principle
The temperature in the appliance is registered by one to three S4 air temperature sensors which can be located in
the air ow of the evaporator. A setting for display read-out determines, if thermostat A temperature, the average S4
temperature or the highest S4 temperature is read out in the display.
If two displays are connected, it can be selected to read-out thermostat A temperature in display 1 and thermostat B
temperature in display 2.
The temperature of the evaporator is registered with one or two S5 sensors which can be used as a defrosting
sensor.
In addition to the outputs of the electronic AKV injection valves, the controller has relay outputs which are dened
by the application setting.
Figure 1: AK-CC55 with evaporator, AKV valve and sensor positions
AKA 245: LON unitsonly and max 250controller parameters
Multi Coil
KoolProg
Single Coil UI
AK-UI Info
AK-UI Set
AK-UI Bluetooth
Bluetooth
AK-CC55 Connect
Smart Device (IOS
or Android)
Modbus
LON/ TCP/IP (SNMP)
Display Bus
Modbus
LON/ TCP/IP (SNMP)
Modbus
Case ControllerRemote DisplayService App
AK-CC55 Multi Coil
Connectivity
The diagram outlines the connectivity options presented by AK-CC55 for the design of system functionality.
Figure 2: Connectivity
Data communication
The controller has built-in MODBUS data communication. If there is a requirement for a dierent form of data
communication, a Lon RS 485 module can be inserted in the controller.
• Day/night thermostat with ON/OFF or modulating principle
• Switch between thermostat settings via digital input
• Adaptive control of superheat
• Start of defrost via schedule, digital input, network or setting display
• Natural or electric defrost
• Stop of defrost on time and/or temperature
• Coordination of defrosting among several controllers in a line-up
• Pulsing of fans when thermostat is satised
• Appliance cleaning function for documentation of HACCP procedure
• Rail heat control via day/night load or dewpoint
• Humidity control in cold storage rooms
• Door function
• Control of night blinds
• Light control
• Heat thermostat
• High accuracy inputs will guarantee a better measuring accuracy than stated in the standard EN ISO 23953-2
without subsequent calibration (Pt 1000 ohm sensor)
• Integrated MODBUS communication with the option of mounting a LonWorks communication card
Liquid injection by use of AKV
Liquid injection in the evaporator is controlled by an electronic injection valve of the type AKV. The valve operates
as both expansion valve and solenoid valve. The controller opens and closes the valve based on sensor readings.
The function contains an adaptive algorithm which independently adjusts the valve’s opening so that the
evaporator constantly supplies optimum amount of refrigerant.
Superheat is measured via:
Pressure sensor Pe and temperature sensor S2. By using a pressure sensor, and temperature sensor a correct
measurement of superheat is achieved under all conditions which ensures a very robust and precise control. The
signal from one pressure transmitter can be shared by max. 10 controllers, but only if there is no signicant pressure
dierence between the evaporators in question.
There are two parallel settings for superheat:
• Dry expansion, which does not allow liquid ow on the outlet of the evaporator.
• Adaptive liquid control in transcritical CO2 systems, which allows liquid ow. This type of control requires that the
controller receives an on/o signal from (for example) a suction accumulator in the suction line. A level switch in
the tank will register when the liquid level exceeds the max. level. When this happens, the controller will switch to
dry expansion, and then back to liquid control when the liquid level has dropped. The function is dened in
setting o02, o37 or o84.
The function can also be activated via data communication from a system unit. If the adaptive liquid control signal is
lost, the controller will automatically switch back to dry expansion.
Accidental actuation may allow liquid throughput to the compressor. It is the installer’s responsibility to ensure that
signal loss to the controller will not result in liquid throughput to the compressor. Danfoss accepts no
responsibility for damage resulting from inadequate installation.
Temperature control
The temperature in the appliance is registered by one up to three S4 air temperature sensors.
The actual temperature control can take place in three ways (same thermostat set point used for all evaporators):
1.
As an ON/OFF regulation with a dierential using the individual S4 sensor per evaporator.
2.
As a modulating control, using the individual S4 sensor per evaporator.
3.
As one ON/OFF thermostat common for all evaporators. It can be selected to use:
◦ the S4A air temperature sensor,
◦ the average of all S4 air temperature sensors,
◦ the highest value of all S4 air temperature sensors for the common thermostat.
There is, however, a limit to the use of a modulating control as it can only be used in remote cabinets. It is not
recommended to use modulating thermostat control in low temperature applications. In applications with one
evaporator and one compressor the thermostat function with ON/OFF control should be selected. In remote
cabinets, the thermostat function may either be selected for ON/OFF control or modulating control.
Table 4: Control methods
Temperature monitoring
The individual S4A, S4B and S4C air sensors are always used for temperature alarm monitoring independent of
which sensor is dened as thermostat sensor. Common settings for High temperature limit, Low temperature limit
and alarm delays are used for all 3 sensors, and alarms are generated for each individual evaporator section. A
longer time delay can be set for high temperature alarm. This time delay is active for pull-down after defrosting,
appliance cleaning and start-up.
Thermostat bands
Thermostat bands can be used benecially for appliances where dierent product types are stored, which requires
dierent temperature conditions. It is possible to change between the two dierent thermostat bands via a contact
signal on a digital input. Separate thermostat and alarm limits can be set for each thermostat band.
Figure 7: Thermostat band function with two dierent band settings
Night setback of thermostat value
In refrigeration appliances there may be big load dierences between the shop’s opening and closing hours,
especially if night lids/blinds are used. The thermostat reference may be raised here without it having any eect on
the product temperature.
Change-over between day and night operation can take place as follows:
• via an external switch connected to a digital input
• via a signal from the data communication system
Figure 8: Thermostat band function with Night setback
Appliance cleaning
This function makes it easy for the shop’s sta to carry out a cleaning of the appliance according to a standard
procedure. Appliance cleaning is activated via a pulse signal – as a rule via a key switch placed on the appliance or
via the AK-CC55 Connect mobile app.
Appliance cleaning is carried out via three phases:
1.
At the rst activation, the refrigeration is stopped, but the fans keep on operating in order to defrost the
evaporators. ”Fan” is shown on the display.
2.
At the second activation, the fans are also stopped and the appliance can now be cleaned. ”OFF” is shown on the
display.
3.
At the third activation, refrigeration is recommenced. The display will show the actual appliance temperature,
o97 setting.
When appliance cleaning is activated, a cleaning alarm is transmitted to the normal alarm recipient. A later
processing of these alarms will document that the appliance has been cleaned as often as planned.
There are no temperature alarms during appliance cleaning.
The function closes the AKV valve and all outputs are switched o. The cooling appliance is stopped like the “Main
switch”, but this happens without an “A45 standby alarm”. The function can be enabled by a switch on the DI input
or via a setting through data communication.
Defrost
Depending on the application, you may choose between the following defrost methods:
Natural: Here the fans are kept operating during the defrost
Electric: The heating element is activated
Start of defrost
A defrost can be started in dierent ways:
Interval:
Defrost is started at xed time intervals like e.g. every eighth hour. An interval must ALWAYS be set to a "higher"
value than the period set between two defrostings when a schedule or network signal is used.
Week schedule:
Here defrost can be started at xed times of the day and night. However, max. 6 defrosts per day.
Contact:
Defrost is started with a contact signal on a digital input.
Figure 9: Defrost start
Network:
The defrost start signal is received from a system manager via data communication.
Max. thermostat runtime:
When the aggregate time has passed a preset value, a defrost will be initiated.
Manual:
An extra defrost can be activated from the defrost button on the AK-UI55 Set display or via a parameter setting. All
the mentioned methods can be used in parallel – if just one of them is activated, a defrost will be started.
The fans can be stopped or operated during defrosting. They can also run and then be stopped at a set temperature.
The temperature signal is obtained from the defrost stop sensor.
Defrost sequence
1.
Pump down
2.
Defrost
3.
Waiting position after defrost
4.
Drip o
5.
Delay of fan
Real-time clock
The controller has a built-in real-time clock which can be used to start defrosts. This clock has a power reserve of
four days.
If the controller is equipped with data communication, the clock will automatically be updated from a Danfoss
system manager.
Coordinated defrost
There are two ways in which coordinated defrost can be arranged.
Figure 10: Coordinated defrost options
Either with wire connections between the controllers or via data communication:
Wire connections
The digital input DI2 must be congured for coordinated defrost and wiring must be connected between the
relevant controllers. When one controller starts a defrost, all the other controllers will follow suit and likewise start a
defrost. After the defrost, the individual controllers will move into waiting position. When all are in waiting position
there will be a change-over to refrigeration.
Coordination via data communication
Here the system manager handles the coordination.
The controllers are gathered in defrosting groups and the system manager ensures that defrosting is started in the
group according to a weekly schedule.
When a controller has completed defrosting, it sends a message to the system manager and then goes into a
waiting position. When every controller in the group is in a waiting position, refrigeration is again permitted in all
the individual controllers.
Melt function
This function will prevent the air ow in the evaporator from being reduced by frost created by uninterrupted
operation for a long time.
The function is activated if the thermostat temperature has remained in the range between -5 °C and +10 °C for a
longer period than the set melting interval. The refrigeration will then be stopped during the set melting period.
The frost will be melted so that the air ow and hence the evaporator’s capacity will be greatly improved.
Rail heat
It is possible to pulse-control the power to the rail heat in order to save energy. Pulse control can either be
controlled according to day/night load or dew point.
Relay or analogue output
A relay output can be used when long cycle times are permitted. If fast pulsing is required, the AO1/PWM output
can be used. The output must be connected to an external power solid state relay. The cycle time must be
congured for the relay output in o43 or for analogue output in P82.
Pulse control according to day and night
Various ON periods can be set for day and night operation. A cycle time is set as well as the percentage part of the
period in which the rail heat is ON.
Figure 11: Rail heat control, day/night load
Pulse control according to dewpoint
In order to use this function, a system manager of the type AK-SM is required which can measure ambient
temperature and humidity to calculate dew point and distribute to the appliance controllers. For this the rail heat’s
ON period is controlled according to the distributed dewpoint.
Two dew point values are set in the appliance control:
• One where the eect must be max. i.e. 100%. (o87)
• One where the eect must be min. (o86)
At a dewpoint which is equal to or lower than the value in 086, the eect will be the value indicated in o88. In the
area between the two dew point values, the controller will manage the power to be supplied to the rail heat.
During defrosting rail heat can be selected to be OFF, ON or run normal control as selected in setting d27.
Fan pulse control
To obtain energy savings, it is possible to pulse control the power supply to the evaporator fans.
Pulse control can be accomplished in one of the following ways:
• during the thermostat’s cut-out period (cold room)
• during night operation and during the thermostat’s cut-out period (appliance with night blinds)
(The function is not actual when r14=2, i.e. modulating regulation).
A period of time is set as well as the percentage of this period of time where the fans have to be operating.
Figure 13: Fan cycle time
Cut-out of fans during plant breakdowns
If the refrigeration in a breakdown situation stops, the temperature in the cold room may rise quickly as a result of
the emission of heat from large fans. In order to prevent this situation, the controller can stop the fans if the
temperature at S5 exceeds a set limit value. The fans will start running again when the S5 temperature has dropped
2K below the set limit. (The function can also be used as a type of MOP function. Here the load on the compressors
is limited until the S5 temperature has fallen below the congured value).
Light function
The function can be used for controlling the light in a refrigeration appliance or in a cold room. It can also be used
for controlling a motorised night blind.
The light function can be dened in several ways:
• The light is controlled via a signal from a door contact. The light is kept on for a set time after the door has been
closed.
• The light is controlled via the day/night function
• The light is controlled via a DI input or remote light control from a system manager.
• The light is controlled via the data communication from a system manager.
Here there are two operational options if data communication should fail:
• The light can go ON
• The light can stay in its current mode
The light load must be connected to the NC terminals on the relay.
This ensures that the light remains ON in the appliance if power to the controller should fail.
A setting denes how light is controlled when regulation is stopped via r12 Main switch = OFF (see o98). The light is
switched o when the appliance cleaning function is activated.
Night blind
Motorised night blinds can be controlled automatically from the controller via the NO connector on the light relay.
The night blinds will follow the status of the light function. When the light is switched on, the night blinds open, and
when the light is switched o, the night blinds close again. When the night blinds are closed, it is possible to open
them using a switch signal on the digital input. If this pulse signal is activated, the night blinds will open and the
refrigeration appliance can be lled with new products. If the pulse signal is activated again, the blinds close.
A night blind is opened when the appliance cleaning function is activated.
A setting can dene that the night blind is opened when "r12" (Main switch) is set to o (see o98).
When the night blind rolls down, the fan will be stopped for the set time. The night blind can thereby roll down to
the correct position.
Humidity control
In application 4 when setup for room control it is possible to dene if humidity control should be done via a
humidier or a dehumidier.
When humidity control is enabled, the second display will read out the actual humidity.
The controller measures the humidity via a 0 – 10 V signal from a humidity sensor and by means of a DO relay it can
activate a humidier or a de-humidier.
High and low humidity alarm limits can be set to generate a humidity alarm.
Humidity control is disabled when main switch is OFF, at manual control, at case shutdown, at forced closing mode,
at door open, if cooling is stopped, at humidity sensor error and at case cleaning.
It is possible to dene whether humidity control is enabled during defrost or not.
Figure 14: Humidity control
A Max and Min temperature range can be dened wherein the humidity control is enabled. Upper and lower
dierential is xed at 1K.
Figure 15: Humidier control
If the humidity gets below the SP, then humidication is started via a DO signal to a humidier.
If the humidity increases to SP + humidity dierential, then humidication is stopped.
If the humidity rises above the SP, then dehumidication is started via a DO signal to a dehumidier.
If the humidity drops below the SP – Humidity dierential, then dehumidication is stopped.
Heating function (application 4 only)
The heating function is used to prevent the temperature from becoming too low, e.g. in a cold room, etc. The limit
for when the heating function cuts o is set as an oset value below the current cut-out limit for the refrigeration
thermostat. This ensures that refrigeration and heating do not occur simultaneously. The dierence for the heating
thermostat has the same value as for the refrigeration thermostat. To prevent that the heating thermostat cuts in
during short-term drops in air temperature, a time delay can be set for when to change from refrigeration to
heating.
Figure 17: Heating function
Digital inputs
There are two digital inputs, DI1 and DI2, with dry contact function, and one digital input DI3 with high voltage
signal.
Example: If DI1 is to be used to start a defrost, o02 must be set to 4.
Forced closing
The AKV valves can be closed with an external signal ("Forced closing").
The function must be used in connection with the compressor’s safety circuit, so that there will be no injection of
liquid into the evaporator when the compressor is stopped by the safety controls and cannot start again (however
not at low pressure – LP).
Via a setting (see o90 Fan at forced closing) it is possible to dene whether the fan should be ON or OFF during
forced closing and whether an ongoing defrost is suppressed (i.e. put in standby position for a period of up 10
minutes before it is cancelled) - this feature can be used in CO2 systems to eliminate excessive heating while
compressors cannot run.
The signal can be received from the DI-input or via the data communication.
Door contact
The door contact function can via the digital inputs be dened for two dierent applications:
Alarm monitoring:
The controller monitors the door contact and delivers an alarm message if the door has been opened for a longer
period than the set alarm delay.
Alarm monitoring and stop of refrigeration:
When the door is opened, the refrigeration is stopped, i.e. the injection, the compressor and the fan are stopped and
light switches on. If the door remains open for a longer time than the set restart time, refrigeration will be resumed.
This will ensure that refrigeration is maintained even if the door is left open or if the door contact should be
defective. If the door remains open for a longer period than the set alarm delay, an alarm will also be triggered.
Display
The controller has one or two plugs for an external display.
One of the following display types can be connected to a plug:
Master control signal used for switching case load ON/OFF depending on the load condition
MC Load request
Master control signal used to control the load balance between multiple case controllers on the same suction line
MC Max. Te
oset
Requested
oset to actual evaporating temperature in order to keep the air temperature at the actual setpoint
MC Liquid control
Master control signal allowing switch to adaptive liquid control
MC Night setback
Master control signal for changing between day and night time operation
MC Case shutdown
Master control signal used to shut down a case for a time period. During shutdown there will be no alarm monitoring
MC Forced closing
Master control signal that will close the injection valve
MC Forced cooling
Master control signal that will provide forced cooling
MC Defrost start
Master control signal for starting a defrost. At adaptive defrost the defrost might be skipped if the defrost is not needed
MC Defrost state
Read out the actual state of the defrost
MC Hold after defrost
Master control signal used for co-ordinated defrost control to hold cabinets from returning to normal refrigeration after a defrost
until all cabinets have terminated defrost
MC Stop defrost
Master control signal used to prevent a defrost start in a controller.
MC Light signal
Master control signal for control of light via a data communication signal from the system manager
MC Actual dewpoint
Master control signal sending the actual measured dewpoint from the system manager to the controller over the network.
MC Bluetooth lock
Master control signal that will lock down all Bluetooth data communication
AK-CC55 Multi Coil
• AK-UI55 Info (temperature display)
• AK-UI55 Set (temperature display and operation)
• AK-UI55 Bluetooth (temperature display and app interface)
The connection between the display and the controller must be made using an AK-UI55 cable.
The distance between the controller and the display must not exceed 100 m.
If there are two external displays, it will be the sum of the two distances that cannot exceed 100 m.
Figure 18: Controller with two displays
Override
The controller contains a number of override functions which can be used together with Master Control functions in
the Danfoss gateway/system manager: