Cyclades PR3000 Installation Manual

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Cyclades-PR3000

Installation Manual

Mid-range, Multi-protocol, Expandable Router

Cyclades Corporation

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual Version 3.1 – August 2000 Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 1998 - 2000

We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However , we assume no responsibility , financial or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this Installation Manual.

This manual is published by Cyclades Corporation, which reserves the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual as well as to revise this publication at any time and without notice to any person of such revision or change. The menu options described in this manual correspond to version 1.8.x of the CyROS operating system.

All brand and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

FCC Warning Statement:

The Cyclades-PR3000 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation Manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user is required to correct the problem at his or her own expense.

Canadian DOC Notice:

The Cyclades-PR3000 does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Le Cyclades-PR3000 n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique edicté par le Ministère des Communications du Canada.

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Cyclades-PR3000

3Table of Contents

Installation Manual

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS INSTALLATION MANUAL.............................................................................. 8

Installation Assumptions .................................................................................................................................... 9

Text Conventions ................................................................................................................................................ 9

Icons................................................................................................................................................................. 10

Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information..................................................................................... 11

CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX .................................................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER 3. USING CYROS MENUS ..............................................................................................................20

Special Keys................................................................................................................................................. 21

The CyROS Management Utility .................................................................................................................. 22

CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICATIONS........................................... 23

Example 1 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using PPP.............................................................................................. 23

Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Frame Relay ................................................................................ 31

Example 3 Connection to an Internet Access Provider via DSU/CSU ........................................................... 39

Example 4 A Terminal Server Example using a Z-Bus Card and a Cyclades Serial Expander 16................ 46

Example 5 Remote Access Server ................................................................................................................. 52

Example 6 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using PPP on an E1 or T1 Line............................................................. 60

Example 7 Link Backup................................................................................................................................... 69

Example 8 Remote Console ............................................................................................................................ 76

CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION OF THE ETHERNET INTERFACE ................................................................ 80

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

Table of Contents 4

The IP Network Protocol .................................................................................................................................. 80

IP Bridge....................................................................................................................................................... 82

Other Parameters............................................................................................................................................. 83

CHAPTER 6 THE SWAN INTERFACE .............................................................................................................. 84

CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURATION OF THE Z-BUS INTERFACE......................................................................... 87

Wizards ............................................................................................................................................................ 90

Configuration Without a Wizard ..................................................................................................................... 100

Asynchronous Port Menus .........................................................................................................................100

Synchronous Port Menus ........................................................................................................................... 102

Mode Dependent Menus ............................................................................................................................ 103

CHAPTER 8 CONFIGURATION OF THE THE E1 OR T1 INTERFACE .......................................................... 105

CHAPTER 9 CONFIGURATION OF THE ISDN-BRI INTERFACE...................................................................111

CHAPTER 10 NETWORK PROTOCOLS ......................................................................................................... 115

The IP Protocol............................................................................................................................................... 116

The Transparent Bridge Protocol................................................................................................................... 118

CHAPTER 11 DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS (ENCAPSULATION)....................................................................... 119

PPP (The Point-to-Point Protocol) ................................................................................................................. 119

CHAR ............................................................................................................................................................. 121

PPPCHAR ...................................................................................................................................................... 122

HDLC.............................................................................................................................................................. 122

Frame Relay................................................................................................................................................... 122

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X.25 ................................................................................................................................................................ 127

X.25 with PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler)......................................................................................... 130

CHAPTER 12 ROUTING PROTOCOLS ..........................................................................................................131

Routing Strategies..........................................................................................................................................131

Static Routing ............................................................................................................................................. 131

Dynamic Routing ........................................................................................................................................131

Static Routes.................................................................................................................................................. 132

RIP Configuration...........................................................................................................................................135

OSPF..............................................................................................................................................................136

OSPF Configuration on the Interface .........................................................................................................137

OSPF Global Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 139

BGP-4 Configuration ...................................................................................................................................... 143

CHAPTER 13 CYROS, THE OPERATING SYSTEM....................................................................................... 1 54

Creation of the host table............................................................................................................................... 154

Creation of user accounts and passwords..................................................................................................... 154

IP Accounting ................................................................................................................................................. 156

CHAPTER 14 NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION)........................................................................ 157

Types of Address Translation..................................................................................................................... 158

CHAPTER 15 RULES AND FILTERS .............................................................................................................. 162

Configuration of IP Filters............................................................................................................................... 162

Traffic Rule Lists.............................................................................................................................................171

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Table of Contents 6

CHAPTER 16 IPX (INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE) ...................................................................... 177

Enabling IPX................................................................................................................................................... 178

Configuring the Ethernet Interface ................................................................................................................. 178

Configuring Other Interfaces.......................................................................................................................... 178

PPP............................................................................................................................................................. 178

Frame Relay ............................................................................................................................................... 179

X.25 ............................................................................................................................................................ 179

Routing ........................................................................................................................ ................................... 179

The SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol) Table ......................................................................................... 180

CHAPTER 17 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK CONFIGURATION................................................................. 181

APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING...............................................................................................................186

What to do if the Login Screen Does not Appear When Using a Console. ................................................... 186

What to Do if the Router Does not Work or Stops Working........................................................................... 187

Testing the Ethernet Interface ........................................................................................................................ 188

How to Test if an Interface is Working............................................................................................................189

APPENDIX B. HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................ ... 191

General Specifications ................................................................................................................................... 191

External Interfaces ......................................................................................................................................... 192

Console Port............................................................................................................................................... 192

Ethernet Port .............................................................................................................................................. 193

ISDN BRI Interface ..................................................................................................................................... 194

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T1 and E1 ...................................................................................................................................................196

Serial Expander 16..................................................................................................................................... 197

Cables ............................................................................................................................................................ 198

Straight (Parallel) Cable ............................................................................................................................. 198

DB-25 to M.34 Adapter............................................................................................................................... 199

SWAN X.21 Cable...................................................................................................................................... 200

Loopback Cable for the Serial Expander 16 ..............................................................................................201

SWAN V.35 Cable ...................................................................................................................................... 202

RS-232 Cable ............................................................................................................................................. 203

APPENDIX C CONFIGURATION WITHOUT A CONSOLE ............................................................................. 204

Requirements................................................................................................................................................. 204

Procedure...................................................................................................................... ................................. 204

APPENDIX D INSTALLING EXPANSION CARDS........................................................................................... 205

INDEX ................................................................................................................................................................ 210

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Cyclades-PR3000

Chapter 1 - How to Use This Installation Manual

Installation Manual

CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS INSTALLATION MANUAL

Three Cyclades manuals are related to the PR3000.

1 The Quick Installation Manual -- provided with the router,

2 The Installation Manual -- available electronically on the Cyclades web site,

3 The CyROS Reference Guide -- also available electronically on the Cyclades web site. CyROS stands for the Cyclades Routing Operating System. It is the operating system for all Cyclades Power

Routers (PR2000, PR3000, and PR4000). CyROS is constantly evolving, and the menus in this manual might be slightly different from the menus in the

router. The latest version of all three manuals (and the latest version of CyROS) can be downloaded from Cyclades’ web site. All manuals indicate on the second page the manual version and the corresponding version of CyROS.

The manual should be read in the order written, with exceptions given in the text. The most important chapters for new users are :

Chapter 2 – What is in the Box

explains how the router should be connected.

Chapter 3 – Using Menus

describes CyROS menu navigation.

Chapter 4 – Step-by-Step Instructions for Common Applications - guide to configuration with detailed examples.

Appendix A - Troubleshooting - provides solutions and tests for typical configuration problems.

If the network being configured is similar to one of the examples in chapter 4, only the above chapters may be necessary. The rest of the chapters contain the following information:

Chapters 5 to 12 – Basic router configuration information for applications that do not fit any of the examples in

chapter 4.

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Cyclades-PR3000

Chapter 1 - How to Use This Installation Manual

Installation Manual

Chapter 13 – CyROS - shows how to set router specific parameters and create lists of hosts and users.

Chapter 14 – Network Address Translation - describes CyROS’ NAT implementation.

Chapter 15 – Filters and Rules - demonstrates how to protect your router from undesired traffic.

Chapter 16 – IPX - presents the hidden menus available only in routers with IPX activated.

Chapter 17 – Virtual Private Network - describes CyROS’ VPN implementation.

Installation Assumptions

This Installation Manual assumes that the reader understands networking basics and is familiar with the terms and concepts used in Local Area and Wide Area Networking.

Text Conventions

Common text conventions are used. A summary is presented below:

Convention Descriptio n

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>L A combination of menu items, with the last being either a menu item, a

parameter, or a comm and. In this example, L lists the interface config ur atio n.

A variable menu item that depends on hardware options or a choice of hardware or software options.

IP Address

A parameter or menu item referenced in text, without path prepended.

Screen Text

<ESC>, <Enter> Simbols representing special keyboard keys.

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Cyclades-PR3000

Chapter 1 - How to Use This Installation Manual

Installation Manual

Icons

Icons are used to draw attention to important text.

Icon Meaning Why

What is Wrong? When an error is common, text with this icon will mention the symptoms and

how to resolve the problem.

Where Can I Find More Information?

CyROS contains many features, and sometimes related material must be broken up into digestible pieces. Text with this icon will indicate the relevant section.

Caution! Not following instructions can result in damage to the hardware. Text with

this icon will warn when damage is possible.

Reminder. Certain instructions must be followed in order. Text with this icon will explain

the proper steps.

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Cyclades-PR3000

11Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual

Installation Manual

Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information

All Cyclades products include free and unlimited technical support, and software and manual updates. These updates and the latest product information are available at:

http://www.cyclades.com ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades

Before contacting us for technical support on a configuration problem, please collect the information listed below.

• The Cyclades product name and model.

• Applicable hardware and software options and versions.

• Information about the environment (network, carrier, etc).

• The product configuration. Print out a copy of the listing obtained by selecting INFO=>SHOW

CONFIGURATION=>ALL.

• A detailed description of the problem.

• The exact error or log messages printed by the router or by any other system.

• The Installation Guide for your product.

• Contact information in case we need to contact you at a later time.

In the United States and Canada, contact technical support by phone or e-mail:

Phone: (510) 770-9727 (9:00AM to 5:00PM PST) Fax: (510) 770-0355 E-mail: support@cyclades.com

Outside North America, please contact us through e-mail or contact your local Cyclades distributor or representative.

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

12Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual

The mailing address and general phone numbers for Cyclades Corporation are:

Cyclades Corporation

Phone: + 01 (510) 770-9727 Fax: + 01 (510) 770-0355

41934 Christy Street Fremont, CA 94538 USA

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Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 13

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX

The Cyclades - PR3000 comes in many varieties. What is in the box will depend on which boards are installed in the slots and whether or not serial expanders are purchased. The following are included with all PR3000 products:

Console Cable Labled “Console”

Power Cable

Console Port

Connect to

COM2 Serial Port

Wall Outlet

Cyclades-PR3000

1Collision

Link

CPU

Console

Ethernet 10Base-T

100-240VAC

Mounting Kit

Cyclades-PR3000

Quick Installation Manual

CD-Rom Containing

Documentation

FIGURE 2.1 ITEMS INCLUDED FOR ALL PR3000 MODELS

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Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 14

• the PR3000 main module,

• power cable

• console cable,

• mounting kit,

• Quick Installation Guide.

The ISDN-BRI, T1, and E1 interfaces are not provided with cables or additional equipment.

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Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 15

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

The PR3000 can include 0, 1, 2, or 3 SWAN boards. There are two types of SW AN boards: one with a SCSI-II port (SWAN) and the other with a DB-25 female port (SWAN RSV).

A straight cable or a V.35 cable set can be purchased separately for the SWAN RSV card. The uses of these cables and how they should be connected are demonstrated in Figure 2.2.

DB-25 Male

Slot with SWAN RSV Card

Back Panel of PR3000

Straight Cable

DB-25 Male

V.35 DSU/CSU

with M.34

Interface

V.35 Cable Set

DB-25 Female/ M.34

Male Converter

DB-25 Male

RS-232 DSU/CSU

with DB-25

Interface

FIGURE 2.2 CONNECTION OF THE SWAN RSV CARD

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 16

For each SWAN (with a SCSI-II port) installed, the following cables are available for purchase:

• the SWAN V.35 cable,

• the SWAN X.21 cable, and

• the RS-232 cable.

The uses of these cables and how they should be connected are shown in Figure 2.3.

Slot with SWAN Card

Back Panel of PR3000

Cable Labeled

“SWAN V.35”

V.35 DSU/CSU

with M.34

Interface

X.21 DSU/CSU

with DB-15

Interface

M.34 Male

Cable Labeled

“SWAN X.21”

SCSI-II

Male

SCSI-II

Male

DB-15

Male

RS-232 DSU/CSU

with DB-25

Interface

RS-232

Cable

SCSI-II

Male

DB-25

Male

FIGURE 2.3 CONNECTION OF THE SWAN CARD

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Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 17

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

The PR3000 can include 0, or 1 Z-Bus board. Each Z-Bus board is sold in combination with 1, 2, 3, or 4 SE16 modules. The items included are shown in Figures 2.4 and 2.5, and listed below.

• one to four Serial Expander 16s (SE16),

• one SCSI cable per SE16,

• one rack-mounting kit per SE16,

• one power cord and one power supply if 3 to 4 SE16s are purchased, and

• one loop-back cable for testing purposes.

ATTENTION!

The cables between the router and the serial expander should be connected ONLY when ALL devices are turned OFF. The serial expander's power supply does not have an on / off switch, so the power cable should be disconnected for this step.

An asynchronous modem cable, to connect a serial port of the SE16 to external equipment, can be purchased separately from Cyclades.

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 18

Loop-Back Cable

for Testing

RJ-45M

1st SE16

2nd SE16

SCSI-II Male

Short, Unlabeled Cable

SCSI-II Male

Short, Unlabeled Cable

Slot with Z-Bus Card

Back Panel of PR3000

FIGURE 2.4 ITEMS INCLUDED IN THE Z-BUS AND SE16 PACKAGE (FIRST TWO SE16 MODULES)

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Chapter 2 - What is in the Box 19

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

3rd SE16

4th SE16

SCSI-II Male

Short, Unlabeled Cable

SCSI-II Male

Short, Unlabeled Cable

Power Supply

Power Cable

Wall Outlet

FIGURE 2.5 ITEMS INCLUDED IN THE Z-BUS AND SE16 PACKAGE (SECOND TWO SE16 MODULES)

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 20

CHAPTER 3. USING CYROS MENUS

This chapter explains CyROS menu navigation and special keys. The first step is to connect a PC or terminal to the router using the console cable. If using a PC, HyperTerminal

can be used in the Windows operating system or Kermit in the Unix operating system. The terminal parameters should be set as follows:

• Serial Speed: 9600 bps

• Data Length: 8 bits

• Parity: None

• Stop Bits: 1 stop bit

• Flow Control: Hardware flow control

none

The second step is to log in. The super-user user ID is “super” and the corresponding password is “surt”. The password should be changed as soon as possible, as described in chapter 13 of the installation manual. The login prompts and main menu are shown in the figure.

[PR3000] login : super [PR3000] Password : ****

Cyclades Router (Router Name) – Main Menu

1 – Config 2 – Applications 3 – Logout 4 – Debug 5 – Info 6 – Admin

Select Option ==>

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Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 21

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

All menus have the following elements:

• Title – In the above example: “Main Menu”.

• Prompt – The text: “Select Option ==>”.

• Options –The menu options, which are selected by number.

• Router Name – The default is the name of the product. Each router can be renamed for easier identification.

Menus can also be navigated using a shortcut method. 4+1+1, for example, jumps to the driver trace configuration menu. This option must be activated first by choosing the shortcut character in the CONFIG=>SYSTEM=>ROUTER DESCRIPTION menu. In addition to the menus, some screens have questions with letter choices. In the following example, several elements may be identified:

lmi-type((A)NSI, (G)roup of four, (N)one )[ANSI]:

• Parameter description – The name of the parameter to be configured, in this case “lmi-type”.

• Options – Legal choices. The letter in parentheses is the letter that selects the corresponding option.

• Current value – The option in square brackets is the current value.

Pressing <Enter> without typing a new value leaves the item unchanged.

Special Keys

<Enter>

<Ctrl+M>

These keys are used to end the input of a value.

<ESC>

<Ctrl+I>

These keys are used to cancel a selection or return to the previous menu. In some isolated cases, this key forwards you to the next menu in a series of menus at the same level.

<Ctrl+H

These keys have the expected effect of erasing previousl y typ ed cha ract ers .

When available, thi s option displays the curre nt configuration. For example, i n the Ethernet Interface Menu, “L” displays the Ethernet configurations.

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Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

Chapter 3 - Using CyROS Menus 22

On leaving a menu where a change in configuration was made, CyROS will ask whether the change is to be saved:

(D)iscard, save to (F)lash, or save to (R)un configuration:

Selecting

Discard

will eliminate all changes made since the last time the question was asked. Saving to

Flash

memory makes all changes permanent. The changes are immediately effective and are saved to the configuration vector in flash memory . In this case, the configuration is maintained even after a router reboot. Saving only to the

Run

configuration makes all changes effective immediately , but nothing is saved permanently until explicitly saved

to flash. This can be done through the menu options ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION=>TO FLASH. The menus and parameter lists are represented in this manual by tables. The first column contains the menu item

or the parameter, and the second column contains its description. Example:

Parameter Description

Ethernet Enables/Disables the Ethernet interface

The CyROS Management Utility

After the Ethernet interface has been configured, there is another way to access the router. Using any HTML Browser, type the IP address in the location field. A clickable image of the router back panel will apear. Clicking on an interface will show its current status and some additional information. The link

Configuration Menu Interface

will present an HTML version of the CyROS Main Menu, described previously.

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions 23

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICATIONS

This chapter provides detailed examples that can be used as models for similar applications. Turn to the example that is closest to your application, read the explanations, and fill in the blank spaces with parameters appropriate to your system. At the end of the section, you should have listed all the parameters needed to configure the router. At that point, read chapter 3 if you have not already, and configure your router with help from later chapters of the Installation Manual, when needed.

Please read the entire example and follow the instructions before turning the router on. The router is programmed to log the super user off after 10 minutes of inactivity. All data not explicitly saved to memory is then lost. Collecting the data

while

configuring the router will likely cause delays and

frustration.

Example 1 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using PPP

This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of two LANs via PPP. Figure

4.1 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions

Cyclades-PR3000

Installation Manual

..................................

Headquarters’

LAN

200.240.230.2 ________

ETH0

Slot 1

PR3000

100.130.130.1 ________

V.35 DSU/CSU

________

V.35 DSU/CSU

________

128____Kbps Connection

Affiliate’s

LAN

PR4000

200.240.230.1 ________

Network IP: 15.0.0.0

_______

Mask:255.255.255.0

________

Network IP: 100.130.130.0

________

Mask:255.255.255.0

________

Network IP: 200.240.230.0________ Mask:255.255.255.240________

FIGURE 4.1 HEADQUARTERS AND AFFILIATE CONNECTED USING SWAN INTERFACES

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions 25

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.2. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been determined. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>ETHERNET=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and

Transparent Bridge are not used in this example). Interface Unnumbered Numbered Primary IP Address 100.130.130.1 Subnet Mask 255.255.255 .0 Secondary IP Addr ess 0.0.0.0 for none. Enable Dynamic Local IP Address

No IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This determines

whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented. NAT Global, because NAT is not being used in this

example. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not included in

this example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not included in

this example. Proxy ARP Inactive IP Bridge Inactive

FIGURE 4.2 ETHERNET NETWORK PROTOCOL MENU PARAMETERS

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions

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STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.3. Fill in the values for your application. Choosing the asynchronous mode will cause some changes in the other SWAN menus. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SW AN=>PHYSICAL

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Mode Synchronous . Clock Source When the interface is connected to a DCU/CSU, the

Clock Source

is always

External

Media for SWAN Cable V.35 in the example because the DCU/CSU is V.35.

The type of cable is detected by the router, so if the

correct cable is connected to the DCU/CSU the

router will choose this value as the default.

FIGURE 4.3 SWAN PHYSICAL MENU PARAMETERS

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions 27

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.4, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and Transparent

Bridge are not used in this example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered

Numbered Primary IP Address 200.240.230.2

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 is the mask in the example. Secondary IP Addr ess 0.0.0.0 for none. IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This det erm ine s wheth er

or not a given IP datagram is fragmented. NAT Global, because NAT is not being used in this example. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not included in this

example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not included in this

example.

FIGURE 4.4 SWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions

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STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for PPP are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately , the choices made here will mostly ef fect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 1 1 of the Installation Manual for more information if necessary.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>PPP

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

MLPPP No Enable Van Jacobson IP Header Compression

Yes

allows the link to receive compressed packets.

Transmit Compressed Packets

Yes

causes the link to send compressed packets.

Disable LCP Echo Requests

Time Interval to Send Config Requests

Use the preset value, on e.

Enable Predictor Compression

Yes, if Cyclades routers are used on both ends of the link and Predictor Compression is enabled on both routers. This feature is effective only for links

running at speeds under 2Mbps. Number of Bits for Compression

Sixteen when both routers are of the PR line. Ten

must b e used if the other router is a PathRouter.

FIGURE 4.5 PPP ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions 29

Cyclades-PR3000 Installation Manual

STEP FIVE Now that the headquarters’ LAN has been defined, a route must be added to tell the router that the affiliate’s LAN is at the other end of the line. Creating a static route is the simplest way to do this. Chapter 12 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS. Fill in the spaces in Figure 4.6 with the values for your application.

CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address 15.0.0.0 Subnet Mask 255 .25 5.2 55 .0 Gateway or Interface gateway Gateway IP Address 200.240.230.1 Metric One -- number of route rs bet ween router being

configured and the destination IP Address. Is This a Backup Route? No OSPF Advertises This Static Route

FIGURE 4.6 STATIC ROUTE MENU PARAMETERS

STEP SIX Now that the parameters have been defined, enter into each menu described above, in the order presented (read chapter 3, Using Menus, if you have not done so already). Set the parameters in each menu according to the values you wrote in the figures above. Save the configuration to flash memory at each step when requested — configurations saved in run memory are erased when the router is turned off. If you saved part of the configuration to run memory for some reason, save to flash memory now using the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FLASH. Be sure to change the superuser password using the menu option CONFIG =>SECURITY => USERS =>MODIFY. The user ID, super, can remain the same, but the password must be changed to avoid unauthorized access.

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Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions

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STEP SEVEN The Ethernet interface can be tested as described in the troubleshooting appendix. The SWAN interface can be tested in a similar manner. At this point, you should create a backup of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration.

Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file:

Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information. This configuration file can later be downloaded with the ADMIN =>LOAD CONFIGURA TION =>FTP SERVER option.

Instructions for listing the configuration:

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Cyclades-PR3000

31Chapter 4 - Step-by-Step Instructions

Installation Manual

Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Frame Relay

This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of two LANs via Frame Relay . Figure 4.7 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

Central Office

200.240.230.2 ________

ETH0

Slot 1

PR3000

100.130.130.1 ________

V.35 DSU/CSU ________

_ _ _ 128 Kbps

Connection

Remote

Site

PR4000

200.240.230.1 ________

Network IP: 15.0.0.0

_______

Mask :255.255.255.0

________

Network IP: 100.130.130.0

________

Mask: 255.255.255.0

________

Network IP: 200.240.230.0________ Mask :255.255.255.240________

..................................

Public

Frame Relay

Network

FIGURE 4.7 HEADQUARTERS AND AFFILIATES CONNECTED USING SWAN INTERFACES

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STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.8. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Guide.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>ETHERNET=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and

Transparent Bridge are not used in this

example). Interface Unnumbered Numbered Primary IP Address 100.130.130.1 Subnet Mask 255 .25 5.2 55 .0 Secondary IP Addr ess 0.0.0.0 for none. IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This

determines wheth er or no t a give n IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT Global, because NAT is not being used in

this example. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Proxy ARP Inactive IP Bridge Inactive

FIGURE 4.8 ETHERNET NETWORK PROTOCOL MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.9. Fill in the values for your application. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Guide.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Mode Synchronous . Clock Source When the interface is connected to a

modem, the

Clock Source

is always

External

Media for SWAN Cable V.35 in the example because the modem is

V.35. The type of cable is detected by the

router, so if the correct cable is connected to

the modem the router will choose this value

as the default.

FIGURE 4.9 SWAN PHYSICAL MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.10, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and

Transparent Bridge are not used in this

example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered

Numbered Primary IP Address 200.240.230.2

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 is the mask in the

example. Secondary IP Addr ess 0.0.0.0 for none. IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This

determines wheth er or no t a give n IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT Global, because NAT is not being used in

this example. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example.

FIGURE 4.10 SWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for Frame Relay are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately, the choices made here will mostly effect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 1 1 of the Installation Guide for more information if necessary.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>FRAME RELAY

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

SNAP IP

Inactive

for the example. The router on the sending end must be using the same header type (NLPID or SNAP) as the router on the receiving end.

LMI ANSI for the example. This must also be

the same as the router on the receiving end.

T391 Ten seconds, the interval between the LMI

Status Enquiry messages.

N391 Six. N392 Three. N393 Four. This value must be larger than N392. CIR 90 percent. 100 minus this number is the

percentage of total bandwidth that may be discarded if the network is congested.

Bandwidth Reservation Inactive. Traffic control will not be covered

in this example

FIGURE 4.11 FRAME RELAY ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS

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At the end of the parameter list shown above, the DLCI menu appears. Choosing Add DLCI will lead to the parameters shown in Figure 4.12. The <ESC> key used at any time during the Frame Relay encapsulation parameter list will also bring up the DLCI menu. A DLCI entry must be created for every remote Frame Relay network to be contacted. In the example, only one is shown.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>FRAME RELAY=><ESC>=>ADD DLCI

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

DLCI Number Sixteen. This number is supplied by the

Public Frame Rel a y net work provi d er.

Frame Relay Address Map

Static,

which maps one IP addre ss to this

DLCI.

IP Address 200.240.230.1 Enable Predictor Compression

Yes, if Cyclades routers are used on both ends of the link and Predictor Compression is enabled on both routers. This feature is effective only for links running at speeds under 2 Mbps.

Number of Bits for Compression

Sixteen when bot h rou ter s are of the PR line. Ten must be used if the other router is a PathRouter.

FIGURE 4.12 DLC CONFIGURATION MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP FIVE Now that the headquarters’ LAN has been defined, a route must be added to tell the router that the affiliate’s LAN is at the other end of the line. Creating a static route is the simplest way to do this. Chapter 12 of the Installation Guide explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS. Fill in the spaces in Figure 4.13 with the values for your application.

CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address 15.0.0.0 Subnet Mask 255 .25 5.2 55 .0 Gateway or Interface gateway Gateway IP Address 200.240.230.1 Metric One -- number of route rs bet ween router

being configured and the destination IP Address.

Is This a Backup Route? No OSPF Advertises This Static Route

FIGURE 4.13 STATIC ROUTE MENU PARAMETERS

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Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file.

Instructions for listing the configuration.

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Example 3 Connection to an Internet Access Provider via DSU/CSU

This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of a LAN to an Internet access provider via PPP. The configuration of NAT (Network Address Translation) will also be shown. Figure 4.14 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

Host

DSU/CSU

115.2K

Connection

192.168.0.10

192.168.0.1

192.168.0.11

192.168.0.30

PR3000

Network IP:

192.168.0.0

..................................

Slot 1

(SWAN)

ETH0

Network Mask:

255.255.255.0

FIGURE 4.14 CONNECTION TO ACCESS PROVIDER USING A SWAN INTERFACE AND A DSU/CSU

while

configuring the router will likely cause delays and

frustration.

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STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.15. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>ETHERNET=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX

and Transparent Bridge are not used in

this example). Interface Numbered /Unnumbered

Numbered Primary IP Address 192.168.0.1

Subnet Mask 255.255.255 .0 Secondary IP Address

0.0.0.0 for none.

IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This

determines wheth er or no t a give n IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT Local ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Proxy ARP Inactive IP Bridge Inactive

FIGURE 4.15 ETHERNET NETWORK PROTOCOL MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.16. Fill in the values for your application. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Mode Asynchronous. Speed 115.2k

FIGURE 4.16 SWAN PHYSICAL MENU PARAMETERS

STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.17, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX

and Transparent Bridge are not used in

this example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered

Numbered

Primary IP Address 0.0.0.0 (This number will be assigned

by the Access Provider dynamically.) Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0

FIGURE 4.17 SWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Secondary IP Address

0.0.0.0 for none

Enable Dynamic Local IP Address

Yes, because the IP address of the

SWAN interface will be assigned

dynamically. Remote IP Address Type

Any Remote IP Address 0.0.0.0

IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This

determines wheth er or no t a give n IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT

Global Assigned

because the IP address of the SWAN interface will be assigned dynamically.

ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example.

Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not included in this example.

FIGURE 4.17 CONTINUED -- SWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>PPP

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

MLPPP

PPP Inactivity Timeout

None

so that the connection is never

broken.

Enable Van Jacobson IP Header Compression

Disable LCP Echo Requests

Edit ACCM No Value. This will depend on the

DSU/CSU used.

Time Interval to Send Config Requests

Use the preset value, on e.

Enable Predictor Compression

FIGURE 4.18 PPP ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP FIVE A static route must be added to tell the router that all traffic not intended for the local LAN should be sent to the Access Provider. Chapter 12 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS. Fill in the spaces in Figure 4.19 with the values for your application.

CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address Type in the word "DEFAULT". Gateway or Interface

Interface

, because the IP addresses

are not known at configuration time. Interface Slot 1 (SWAN) in the example. Is This a Backup Route? No OSPF Advertises This Static Route

FIGURE 4.19 STATIC ROUTE MENU PARAMETERS

STEP SIX NAT parameters will now be determined for routing outside of the local LAN. Network Address Translation maps the local IP addresses, registered in the local address range menu below, to the one global IP address assigned by the access provider. Local IP addresses not indicated in this menu will not be translated.

Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>LOCAL ADDRESS =>ADD RANGE

Paramet er Exam pl e Your Applic ation

First IP Address of New Range

192.168.0.10

Number of IP Addresses in the Range

FIGURE 4.20 NAT LOCAL ADDRESS RANGE MENU PARAMETERS

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The factory preset values for all other NAT parameters are appropriate for this example. STEP SEVEN

Now that the parameters have been defined, enter into each menu described above, in the order presented (read chapter 3, Using Menus, if you have not done so already). Set the parameters in each menu according to the values you wrote in the figures above. Save the configuration to flash memory at each step when requested — configurations saved in run memory are erased when the router is turned off. If you saved part of the configuration to run memory for some reason, save to flash memory now using the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FLASH.

STEP EIGHT The Ethernet interface can be tested as described in the troubleshooting appendix. The SWAN interface can be tested in a similar manner. At this point, you should create a backup of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration.

Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file.

Instructions for listing the configuration.

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Example 4 A Terminal Server Example using a Z-Bus Card and a Cyclades Serial Expander 16

Figure 4.21 shows the system described in this example. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters so you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

SS16

Unix Server

Named “ Pluto”

_________

LAN

..................................

Printer Port4____

9.6K_____

PR3000

Barcode Reader

____Port 12

______9.6K

Terminals Port 1-3____

19.2K______

Host Application that communicates with the Barcode Reader

FIGURE 4.21 TERMINAL SERVER EXAMPLE

It is assumed that the LAN has already been configured (see the previous examples for guidance if this is not the case). It is also assumed that some routing method is being used which allows the PR3000 to communicate with the UNIX server, which need not be on the LAN.

while

configuring the router will likely cause delays and

frustration.

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STEP ONE Configure the PR3000 Ethernet Interface if it is not already configured. Determine which ports of the SE16 will be used for which external devices. In the example, Ports 1 through 3 will be used for terminals, port 4 will be used for a printer, and port 12 will be used for a bar-code reader.

Ports Use

1-3 in the example Terminal 4 in the example Printer 12 in the example Socket Device

FIGURE 4.22 ALLOCATION OF PORTS

It is best to connect similar devices to adjacent ports. This simplifies configuration considerably . Fill in the ranges and device types for your application in the table.

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STEP TWO This example takes advantage of the terminal server wizard to set the basic parameters for all ports. Details as to which parameters are set are given in chapter 7 of the Installation Manual. The two values entered below are the correct values for the terminals connected to ports 1 through 3. To configure the other ports, the parameters set by the wizard will be modified.

Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>ALL PORTS=>WIZARDS=>TS PROFILE

Paramet er E xam pl e Your Applic ation

Speed

19.2K

for the terminal connections. This will

depend on the settings on the terminal side.

Username

Auto

so that the terminal user will not need to

enter a username. A password will or will not be requested depending on the configuration of the user "auto".

FIGURE 4.23 WIZARD MENU PARAMETERS

STEP THREE To configure the port connected to the printer, the encapsulation and physical parameters must be changed. All other parameters were set automatically in the previous step. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your printer. The notation <PORT> represents one of the three menu options

One Port

, Range of

Ports

, or

All Ports

. In this

exemple,

All Ports

is used in step two,

One Port

is used in step three, and

Range of Ports

is used in step four. The

menu option used for each step will depend on the distribution of ports in your application.

Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>

<PORT>

=>ENCAPSULATION=>CHAR

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Device Type Printer TCP Keep Alive Timer

Terminal Type Dumblp is appropriate for most printers.

Smartlp is also available.

FIGURE 4.24 Z-BUS CHAR ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS-PRINTER

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Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>

<PORT>

=>PHYSICAL

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Speed 9.6K Parity None Character Size 8 Stop Bits 1 Flow Control Software (this will depend on your printer). Modem Connection No

FIGURE 4.25 Z-BUS PHYSICAL MENU PARAMETERS-PRINTER

Note: Connecting the printer in this way will make it available using the remote copy utility (rcp) or using tsrlp. The remote copy utility is available on Unix systems and its syntax is: rcp <filename> <pr3000 IP address> : <port number (4 in the example)>. This sends the file to the remote printer. Tsrlp is a program that runs on the Unix server and creates a device for the printer connected to the PR3000. It is available free on the Cyclades website (as an application on the drivers page).

STEP FOUR To configure the port connected to the barcode reader or another device connected through a socket connection, only the encapsulation parameters need be changed. A software program running on the server is necessary for the operation of the device. The parameters in the CHAR menu will depend more on what the device software requires than on the type of device (barcode reader, scale, cash register, etc.) A program called Tsrdev, running on the Unix Server, can be used to create a bi-directional Unix device for communication between the server and the barcode reader. It is available free on the Cyclades website (as an application on the drivers page).

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Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>

<PORT>

=>ENCAPSULATION=>CHAR

Paramet er Example Your Application

Device Type Socket TCP Keep Alive Timer 5 Wait for or Start a Connection

Wait

is used when the remote application will start the

communication. If

Start

is used, a connection is

attempted as soon as the line is considered operational. Destination Hostname Pluto. This name must have been defined in the host

table, menu CONFIG=>SYSTEM=>HOSTS. Not

requested if router waits for a connection. Filter Null Char after CR Char

No Idle Timeout in Minutes None

DTR ON Only if Socket Connection Established

False Device Attached to This

Port Will Send ECHO

FIGURE 4.26 Z-BUS CHAR ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS-SOCKET

Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>

<PORT>

=>PHYSICAL

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Speed 9.6K Parity None Character Size 8 Stop Bits 1 Flow Control Hardware (this will depend on your device). Modem Connection No

FIGURE 4.27 Z-BUS PHYSICAL MENU PARAMETERS-SOCKET

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STEP FIVE Now that the parameters have been defined, enter into each menu described above, in the order presented (read chapter 3, Using Menus, if you have not done so already). Set the parameters in each menu according to the values you wrote in the figures above. Save the configuration to flash memory at each step when requested — configurations saved in run memory are erased when the router is turned off. If you saved part of the configuration to run memory for some reason, save to flash memory now using the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FLASH.

STEP SIX The Ethernet interface can be tested as described in the troubleshooting appendix. At this point, you should create a back-up of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration.

Instructions for creating a back-up of the configuration file.

Instructions for listing the configuration.

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Example 5 Remote Access Server

This section will guide you through a complete Remote Access Server installation for one port of one Cyclades Serial Expander 16. Figure 4.28 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

Modem

Speed: 56K____

DSU/CSU Speed: 115.2K_____

PR3000

SE16

E-Mail Server

WWW

Server Radius Authentication Server Key: cocomero IP: 200.246.93.38 ___________ Network Mask:

255.255.255.0 ______

IP:11.11.11.1 ______ Subnet Mask:

255.255.0.0 _______

Modem

Port 1

200.246.93.1

IP: 200.246.93.116

_________

11.11.11.2

______

Internet

PPP

ETH0

PPP

SWAN Slot 1

..................................

FIGURE 4.28 REMOTE ACCESS SERVER WITH CONNECTION TO INTERNET ACCESS PROVIDER

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STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.29. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>ETHERNET=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX

and Transparent Bridge are not used in

this example). Interface Numbered /Unnumbered

Numbered Primary IP Address 200.246.93.116

Subnet Mask 255.255.255 .0 Secondary IP Address

0.0.0.0 for none.

IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This

determines wheth er or no t a give n IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT Global. NAT will not be used in this

example. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Proxy ARP Inactive IP Bridge Inactive

FIGURE 4.29 ETHERNET NETWORK PROTOCOL MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.30. Fill in the values for your application. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Speed 115.2k Flow control Hardware Modem connection Yes Modem string index 0 for none Input Signal DCD on Input Signal DSR on Input Signal CTS on

FIGURE 4.30 SWAN PHYSICAL MENU PARAMETERS

STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.31, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applicati o n

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and

Transparent Bridge are not used in this

example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered

Numbered Primary IP Address 11.11.11.1

Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0

FIGURE 4.31 SWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Secondary IP Address

0.0.0.0 for none.

Enable Dynamic Local IP Address

IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This

determines wheth er or no t a give n IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT Global. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example.

FIGURE 4.31 ( CONTINUED ) -- SWAN NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>PPP

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

MLPPP

PPP Inactivity Timeout

None

so that the connection is never

broken. Enable Van Jacobson IP Header Compression

Disable LCP Echo Requests

No Edit ACCM No Value. This will depend on the

modem used. Time Interval to Send Config Requests

Use the preset value, on e. Enable Predictor

Compression

FIGURE 4.32 PPP ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS

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CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address

Type in the word "DEFAULT". Gateway or

Interface

Gateway. Metric 1

Gateway 11.11.11.2 Is This a Backup Route?

No OSPF Advertises

This Static Route

FIGURE 4.33 STATIC ROUTE MENU PARAMETERS

STEP SIX The next step is to configure the SE16 port to be used for remote access. The configuration can be done for all ports simultaneously , for a range of ports, or for just one port. The parameters are the same. The RAS Wizard will be used to simplify the process: only the

Modem String Index, Speed

, and

Remote IP Address

of the first port are

entered. All other parameters are set automatically.

The

Modem S tring Index

defines special commands that are used to communicate with a modem — for example to reject collect calls or tell the modem how many rings it should wait before attending the call. Up to 16 sets of modem strings can be defined. See Chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide for details.

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Fill in the spaces in Figure 4.34 with the values for your application.

Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>

<PORT>

=>WIZARDS=>RAS PROFILE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Modem String Index 0 for none Speed 56K Remote IP Address 200.246.93.1

FIGURE 4.34 Z-BUS PORT PARAMETERS

STEP SEVEN An authentication server must be available to authenticate the user ID and password of whoever calls the router. A Radius Authentication Server is assumed to be on the LAN, as shown in Figure 4.28. The configuration of this server is beyond the scope of this manual. See the CyROS Rerence Manual for more information. The following information about the Radius Server must be known.

CONFIG=>SECURITY=>RADIUS=>RADIUS STATUS=>ADD

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Radius Server IP Address 200.246.93.38 Radius Server Type

Authentication

for this example. The Radius server can also be used to monitor each user´s network activity, setting this parameter to

Both

. Radius Server Retries 5 Radius Server Timeout 5 seconds Radius Server Encryption Key cocomero. Note that this key is case-sensitive.

It must match the key known to the Radius

Server and contain 16 characters or less. Radius Server Authentication Port 1812. Older standards used 1645. Radius Server Send Start Accounting

Yes.

FIGURE 4.35 RADIUS SERVER MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP EIGHT Now that the parameters have been defined, enter into each menu described above, in the order presented (read chapter 3, Using Menus, if you have not done so already). Set the parameters in each menu according to the values you wrote in the figures above. Save the configuration to flash memory at each step when requested — configurations saved in run memory are erased when the router is turned off. If you saved part of the configuration to run memory for some reason, save to flash memory now using the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FLASH.

STEP NINE The Ethernet interface can be tested as described in the troubleshooting appendix. The SWAN interface can be tested in a similar manner. To test the SE16 port, a computer with a modem must be used to simulate a user dialing in. At this point, you should create a backup of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration.

Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file.

Instructions for listing the configuration.

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Example 6 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using PPP on an E1 or T1 Line

This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of three LANs using a channelized E1 or T1 line. Figure 4.36 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

..................................

Headquarters in Boston

Net Address: 12.0.0.0______ Mask: 255.255.0.0________

PR3000

12.0.0.100

_______

ETH0

Speed: 2048 Kbps

______

Speed: 64 Kbps___ 1 Timeslot

12.4.0.4 _____

Office in

Atlanta

Office in

Detroit

12.1.0.2 _____

Speed: 512 Kbps____ 8 Timeslots___

Atlanta LAN

Net Address: 12.3.0.0______

Mask: 255.255.0.0________

Detroit LAN

Net Address: 12.2.0.0

_____

Mask: 255.255.0.0

_______

PR3000

Channel

Group 2: 12.4.0.3

______

Channel

Group 1: 12.1.0.1

______

PR3000

FIGURE 4.36 HEADQUARTERS AND AFFILIATES CONNECTED USING SWAN INTERFACES

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STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.37. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been determined. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Manual.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>ETHERNET=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and

Transparent Bridge are not used in this example). Interface Unnumbered Numbered Primary IP Address 12.0.0.100 Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 Secondary IP Addr ess 0.0.0.0 for none. Enable Dynamic Local IP Address

No IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This determines

whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented. NAT Global, because NAT is not being used in this

example. ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List None, filters and traffic control are not included in

this example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not included in

this example. Proxy ARP Inactive IP Bridge Inactive

FIGURE 4.37 ETHERNET NETWORK PROTOCOL MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the E1 (or T1) in slot 3. The T1/E1 interface can be broken up into channels, defined by timeslots. Each timeslot is a slice of time allotted to throughput from a particular source. The general parameters, those applicable to all channels, are configured first. These parameters should be supplied by the company furnishing the E1/T1 line. Fill in the values for your application.

CONFIG=>CONTROLLER=>T1/E 1

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Frame Mode

ESF

(Extended S up er Fr am e).

CRC4

The line provider should supply this information. Line Code

B8ZS

(Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution)

HDB3

(High-Density Bipolar)

The line provider should supply this information. Clock Mode Slave Line Build Out Applies only to T1.

Zero

Receiver Sensitivity Short Haul.

FIGURE 4.38 GENERAL E1/T1 CONTROLLER MENU PARAMETERS

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In this example, the E1/T1 line used by the company headquarters in Boston is broken into two channels. Each timeslot can transmit 64Kbps. In order to send 512 Kbps to the Detroit office, 8 timeslots are needed. The office in Atlanta only requires one timeslot, since the connection is only 64Kbps. Two channel groups must be created in the menu shown in Figures 4.39 and 4.40.

CONFIG=>CONTROLLER=>T1/E1=>CHANNEL GROUPS=>ADD GROUP

Paramet er Example Y our App l ic ation

Timeslot Fractional Timeslot Allocation Contiguous Timeslot Start 1 Timeslot End 8

FIGURE 4.39 FIRST CHANNEL GROUP – OFFICE IN DETROIT

CONFIG=>CONTROLLER=>T1/E1=>CHANNEL GROUPS=>ADD GROUP

Paramet er Example Y our App l ic ation

Timeslot Fractional Timeslot Allocation Contiguous Timeslot Start 9 Timeslot End 9

FIGURE 4.40 SECOND CHANNEL GROUP – OFFICE IN ATLANTA

The E1/T1 configuration is described in more detail in chapter 8 of the Installation Manual.

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STEP THREE PPP Encapsulation is used in this example. The parameters for both channels are the same (though your application may differ). Fill in the values for your system, consulting chapter 1 1 of the Installation Manual for more information if necessary.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>E1/T1=>CHANNEL ONE and TWO=>ENCAPSULATION=>PPP

Paramet er Exampl e Channel On e Channel Two

MLPPP No Enable Van Jacobson IP Header Compression

Yes

allows the link to receive

compressed packets. Transmit Compressed

Packets

Yes

causes the link to send

compressed packets. Disable LCP Echo Requests

No Time Interval to Send

Config Requests

Use the preset value, on e. Enable Predictor

Compression

FIGURE 4.41 PPP ENCAPSULATION PARAMETERS

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STEP FOUR The network protocol parameters for both channels, shown in Figure 4.42, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>E1/T1=>CHANNEL ONE and TWO=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Parameter Example C hann el One Channel Tw o

Active or Inactive Activ e Interface Unnumbered Numbered Primary IP Address 12.1.0.1 for cha nn el one, 12.4.0.3 for

channel two. Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 Secondary IP Address 0.0.0.0 for none. IP MTU Use the preset value, 15 00. This

determines whether or not a given IP

datagram is fragmented. NAT Global, beca us e NAT is not being

used in this example. ICMP Port Inactiv e Incoming Rule List N one , filters and traffic control are not

included in this example. Outgoing Rule List Name

None, filters and traffic control are not

included in this example.

FIGURE 4.42 E1 NETWORK PROTOCOL (IP) MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP FIVE Now that the headquarters’ LAN has been defined, routes must be added to tell the router that the affiliates’ LANs are at the other end of the line. Creating static routes is the simplest way to do this. Chapter 12 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS. Fill in the spaces in Figures 4.43 and 4.44 with the values for your application.

CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address 12.2.0.0 Subnet Mask 255 .25 5.0 .0 Gateway or Interface gateway Gateway IP Address 12.1.0.2 Metric One -- number of route rs bet ween router being

configured and the destination IP Address. Is This a Backup Route? No OSPF Advertises This Static Route

FIGURE 4.43 PARAMETERS CREATING A STATIC ROUTE TO THE DETROIT OFFICE

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CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address 12.3.0.0 Subnet Mask 255 .25 5.0 .0 Gateway or Interface gateway Gateway IP Address 12.4.0.4 Metric One -- number of route rs bet ween router being

configured and the destination IP Address. Is This a Backup Route? No OSPF Advertises This Static Route

FIGURE 4.44 PARAMETERS CREATING A STATIC ROUTE TO THE ATLANTA OFFICE

STEP SIX Now that the parameters have been defined, enter into each menu described above, in the order presented (read chapter 3, Using Menus, if you have not done so already). Set the parameters in each menu according to the values you wrote in the figures above. Save the configuration to flash memory at each step when requested — configurations saved in run memory are erased when the router is turned off. If you saved part of the configuration to run memory for some reason, save to flash memory now using the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FLASH. Be sure to change the superuser password using the menu option CONFIG =>SECURITY => USERS =>MODIFY. The user ID, super, may remain the same, but the password must be changed to avoid unauthorized access.

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Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file:

Instructions for listing the configuration:

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Example 7 Link Backup

This example shows the configuration of a backup link, with a swan connection to a public Frame Relay Network providing the primary link and a SWAN with a PPP connection providing the secondary link. Figure 4.43 shows the networks used in this example. It is assumed that the routers are already connected to LANs and that the SWAN interfaces have already been configured and are working. The use of a SWAN to connect to a Frame Relay network is described in example 2 and a connection using PPP is shown in example 1.

while

configuring the router will likely cause delays and

frustration.

Frame Relay

Network

Slot 3

SWAN

IP Address:

100.200.200.1 ________

Modem

or DSU/CSU

PR3000

SWAN

Slot 1

DSU/CSU

PPP

DSU/CSU

PR2000

IP Address:

100.200.200.2 ________

Network Address:

200.206.206.40

_________

Primary Link

Bandwidth: 64 kbps_____

Secondary (Backup) Link

Bandwidth: 64 kbps_____

Modem

or DSU/CSU

..................................

FIGURE 4.43 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY (BACKUP) LINKS BETWEEN TWO LANS

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Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration for you to fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing.

STEP ONE The bandwidth used by CyROS for multilink circuit calculations is that given in the traffic control menu, rather than the actual physical bandwidth available. If this bandwidth value is not set, the preset value (zero) will be used and the multilink circuit will not function. The bandwidth for both links (slot 1 and slot 3 in the example) should also have been set when the interface was configured. If not, the multilink circuit will not work. Since the bandwidth was probably not set when the link was configured, you should make sure the value is the desired one.

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SLOT 1 (SWAN)=>TRAFFIC CONTROL=>GENERAL

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Bandwidth (bps) 64000 IP Traffic Control List None

CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SLOT 3 (SWAN)=>TRAFFIC CONTROL=>GENERAL

Paramet er Example Your Appli c ation

Bandwidth (bps) 64000 IP Traffic Control List None

FIGURE 4.47 TRAFFIC CONTROL PARAMETERS

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STEP TWO Now, the primary link (Slot 1) and the secondary link (Slot 3) must be registered as a multilink circuit. First, a multilink circuit is created and assigned an identifier. This is done in the CONFIG =>MULTILINK menu. Then, the two links are added to the multilink circuit. The parameters used in the example for the two interfaces in this multilink circuit are shown in Figures 4.48 and 4.49.

CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUI T NUMBER=>ADD/MODIFY INTERFACE

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Slot N Slot 1 Type of Interface Main Time to Activate Backup After This Link Goes Down

Time to Deactivate Backup After This Link Returns

FIGURE 4.48 ADDITION OF THE PRIMARY (MAIN) LINK

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CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUI T NUMBER=>ADD/MODIFY INTERFACE

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Slot N Slot 3 Type of Interface Backup Time to Activate Backup After This Link Goes Down

Zero

, since this link IS the backup. (A

backup can itself have a backup, but

this is not done in this example.) Time to Deactivate Backup After This Link Goes Up

Zero

, since this link IS the backup.

Cost One. Indicates the relative priority of

this backup link, which is unnecessary

since this example has onl y one.

FIGURE 4.49 ADDITION OF THE SECONDARY (BACKUP) LINK

STEP THREE Up to this point, the configuration can be used either for link back up or for load back up. This example shows link back up, but parameters applicable to load back up will be mentioned when they appear. Complete information on the multilink circuit concept is provided in Chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide.

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CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUI T NUMBER=>CIRCUIT ATTRIBUTES

Paramet er Exam ple Your Applic ation

Criterion for Traffic Distribution

This param eter ha s no effect for link backup.

For load

backup,

Optimal

distribution is performed randomly, and the

packet is forwarded to the interface with the lesser load.

Address Based

distribution is used when the receiver cannot reorder packets, and all packets to a certain IP address must be sent through the same interface. This distribution method is not recommend ed unl ess absolutely necessary.

Bandwidth Upper Limit

Zero

for link backup. For load backup, this defines when load backup should activate the backup link. It is measured as a percentage of the bandwidth defined in step four.

Time to Activate Backup if Above Limit

This parameter does not ap pear for link backup.

Time until backup is activated after main link bandwidth exceeds limit defined in last parameter.

Bandwidth Lower Limit

This param eter ha s no effect for link backup.

For load backup, this define s when loa d back up s ho uld dea ctivate the backup link. It is measured as a percentage of the bandwidth defined in step four.

Time to Deactivate Backup if Below Limit

This parameter does not ap pear for link backup.

Time until backup is deactivated after main link bandwidth exceeds limit defined in last parameter.

FIGURE 4.50 MULTILINK CIRCUIT ATTRIBUTES

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STEP FOUR Now, a static backup route must be created for the secondary link. It is assumed that a route of some sort (static, RIP, etc.) already exists for the primary link. The static route parameters for the example secondary link are shown in Figure 4.51. Fill in the parameters for your system.

CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Destination IP Address 200.206.206.0 Subnet Mask 255 .25 5.2 55 .0 Gateway or Interface Gateway Gateway IP Address 100.200.200.2 Metric 1 Is This a Backup Route? Yes OSPF Advertises This Static Route

No, OSPF not used in this example. If using OSPF, see chapter 12 of the Installation Manual for guidance.

FIGURE 4.51 STATIC BACKUP ROUTE PARAMETERS

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STEP SIX The multilink circuit can be tested by temporarily deactivating the interface on the primary link. This is done in the ADMIN=> START/STOP INTERFACE menu by selecting the SWAN interface. If there is traffic, the backup link should then take over, and the menu item INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE will show that the backup link is working. (To create traffic, try pinging a host in the destination network.) At this point, you should create a backup of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration.

Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file:

Instructions for listing the configuration:

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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Example 8 Remote Console

This example describes the configuration of the Z-Bus card and Serial Expander 16 for a remote console application. This setup will allow access to a console application on a server connected to the SE16 through a com port, from any location on the Internet. Figure 4.45 shows the system described in this example. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters so you can fill in the values for your system. Do this now before continuing.

PR3000

SE16

Slot 1

SWAN

IP Address: 200.200.200.1

_________

Network Mask: 255.255.255.0

_________

Internet

Speed: 9.6 K

____

Port 1

Port 8

Server Snow_White

IP: 200.200.200.11

___________

Server Dopey

IP: 200.200.200.12

___________

Workstation

..................................

COM Port COM Port

COM Port

Port

Server Happy

IP: 200.200.200.18

___________

FIGURE 4.45 TERMINAL SERVER EXAMPLE

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It is assumed that the LAN has already been configured (see the first two examples for guidance if this is not the case). It is also assumed that some routing method is being used which allows the workstation to communicate with the PR3000.

Please read th e e ntire example and f oll o w the instructions before turning t he r ou ter on. The ro ut er i s programmed to log the super user off after 10 mi nutes of inactivit y. All data not explicitl y saved to memory is then lost. Collecting the data while configuring the router will likely cause delays and frustration.

STEP ONE Configure the PR3000 Ethernet Interface if it is not already configured. Determine which ports of the SE16 will be used for remote consoles. In the example, Ports 1 through 8 will be used for this purpose.

This example takes advantage of the terminal server wizard to set the basic parameters for all ports. Details as to which parameters are set are given in chapter 7 of the Installation Manual. To complete the configuration, the parameters set by the wizard will be modified.

Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=><PORT RANGE 1-8>=>WIZARDS=>TS PROFILE

Paramet er Example Your Applic ation

Speed

9.6K.

Username No user name should be entered.

FIGURE 4.46 WIZARD MENU PARAMETERS

STEP TWO To finish the configuration of the SE16 port connected to the server , the encapsulation and network protocol parameters must be changed. All other parameters were set automatically in the previous step. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system in Figures 4.47 and 4.48.

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Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=><PORT RANGE 1-8>=>ENCAPSULATION=>CHAR

Paramet er Exampl e Your Applic ati o n

Device Type Socket TCP Keep Alive Timer 5 Wait for or Start a Connection

Wait is used because the application on the workstation

will start the communication. Filter Null Char after CR Char

No Idle Timeout in Minutes None

DTR ON Only if Socket Connection Established

False Device Attached to This

Port Will Send ECHO

FIGURE 4.47 Z-BUS CHAR ENCAPSULATION MENU PARAMETERS

Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=><PORT RANGE 1-8>=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP

Paramet er Exampl e Your Applic ati o n

Active or Inactive Active Interface Unnumbered Numbered Primary IP Address 200.200.200.11 Subnet Mask 255.25 5.2 55 .0 There are more parameters, but the values were already set by the wizard. <ESC> will return to the menu.

FIGURE 4.48 Z-BUS NETWORK PROTOCOL MENU PARAMETERS

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STEP THREE Now that the parameters have been defined, enter into each menu described above, in the order presented (read chapter 3, Using Menus, if you have not done so already). Set the parameters in each menu according to the values you wrote in the figures above. Save the configuration to flash memory at each step when requested — configurations saved in run memory are erased when the router is turned off. If you saved part of the configuration to run memory for some reason, save to flash memory now using the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FLASH.

STEP FOUR The Ethernet interface can be tested as described in the troubleshooting appendix. The remote consoles can be tested by telnetting to snow white or one of the dwarfs. At this point, you should create a back-up of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration.

Instructions for creating a back-up of the configuration file.

Instructions for listing the configuration.

The menu option INFO =>SHOW CONFIGURA TION =>ALL will list to the terminal screen the configuration of the router. This can be saved in a text file and/or printed on a printer.

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CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION OF THE ETHERNET INTERFACE

The PR3000 has one Ethernet 10Base-T interface, provided in a standard RJ-45 modular jack, which should be connected to an Ethernet hub or switch. Use a standard 10Base-T straight-through cable (not included). When the Ethernet link is correctly connected, the link LED on the PR3000 back panel will be lit.

If your network uses 10Base2 (thin coaxial cable) or 10Base5 (thick coaxial cable), you will need a transceiver to convert between the different Ethernet media. A crossover cable is required for direct connection to a computer (a RJ-45 Ethernet pinout is provided in appendix A). Note: While Cyclades Power Routers work with most standard RJ-45 cable/connectors, shielded Ethernet cables should be used to avoid interference with other equipment .

Instructions on how to navigate the operating system menus is given in chapter 3. In this chapter, IP Bridges are also described.

The parameters in the encapsulation menu are preset at the factory and it is usually not necessary to change them. The first step in the Ethernet configuration is to choose which network protocol to use and assign values to the relevant parameters. Either IP, Transparent Bridge, or IPX (optional) must be activated. Use the information provided below to set the parameters for the Ethernet interface.

The IP Network Protocol

Some parameters are explained in detail in later chapters. At this point, the preset values provided by the operating system can be accepted and the interface will work at a basic level.

Network Protocol Menu CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>ETHERNET =>NETWORK PROTOCOL =>IP

Parameter Descr i ptio n

Active or Inactive Activates this interface. Interface Unnumbered

Unnumbered interfaces are used for point-to-point connections.

Assign IP From Interface

Applies to

Unnumbered

interfaces. Applies the IP address of another router interface

to this one.

Primary IP Address Applies to

Numbered

interfaces. Address assigned to this interface.

This table is continued.

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Network Protocol Menu (Continued)

Parameter Descr i ptio n

Subnet Mask Applies to

Numbered

interfaces. Subnet mask of the network. Secondary IP Address

Applies to

Numbered

interfaces. Indicates a second (or third, etc. up to eight) IP

address that can be used to refer to this interface. This parameter and the next are repeated until no value is entered.

Subnet Mask Applies to

Numbered

interfaces. Subnet mask of

Secondary IP Address

IP MTU Assigns the size of the Maximum Transmission Unit for the interface. This determines

whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented.

NAT Determines the type of IP address if NAT is being used. Use

Global

otherwise. See

chapter 14 for details on how to configure NAT.

ICMP Port

Active

causes the router to send ICMP Port Unreachable messages when it receives UDP or TCP messages for ports that are not recognized. This type of message is used by some traceroute applications, and if disabled, the router might not be identified in the traceroute output. However, there are security and performance reasons to leave this option

Inactive

Incoming Rule List Filter rule list for incoming packets. See chapter 15 for instructions on how this

parameter should be set.

Detailed Incoming IP Accounting

Applies when a list is selected in the previous parameter. See explanation of IP Accounting in chapter 13. IP Accounting for a rule requires that the parameter CONFIG =>RULES LIST=>IP=>CONFIGURE RULES=>ADD RULE=>ALLOW ACCOUNT PROCESS also be

Yes

. Outgoing Rule List Name

Filter rule list for outgoing packets. See chapter 15 for instructions on how this

parameter should be set. Detailed Outgoing IP Accounting

Applies when a list is selected in the previous parameter. See explanation of

Detailed

Incoming IP Accounting

This table is continued.

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Network Protocol Menu (Continued)

Parameter Descr i ptio n

Routing of Broadcast Messages

Activating this parameter causes the router to route broadcast messages from the LAN

to the WAN and vice-versa. An individual interface can be excluded by setting this

parameter to Inactive, without effecting the broadcast of messages on the other

interfaces. Proxy ARP Causes the router to answer ARP requests with its own MAC address for IP addresses

reachable on another interface.

IP Bridge

An IP Bridge is used to divide a network without subnetting. Whenever a subnetwork is created, two IP numbers are lost — one describing the network and the other reserved for broadcast. This does not occur with an IP Bridge. In Figure 5.1, an example of the use of an IP Bridge is given. From the available IP addresses, the range

200.240.240.4 to 200.240.240.8 is bridged to another physical location. The following parameters apply only for IP Bridge.

Network Protocol Menu (Continued) -- (IP Bridge)

Parameter Descr i pt io n

IP Bridge Activates the IP Bridge functionality. The following parameters apply only if IP Bridge is

Active

. Initial IP Address to be Bridged

Indicates the start of the range of IP addresses to be transferred to another physical location. This and the next three parameters are repeated in case the bridge is to be broken up into various sections. Up to 8 sections can be defined. In the example, this

value is 200.240.240.4. Ending IP Address to be Bridged

Indicates the end of the rang e of IP addresses to be transferred to another ph ys ical

location. In the example, this value is 200.240.240.8. Broadcast Over the Link

Allows propagation of broadcast IP packets over this bridge. Bridge Over Link Indicates which link forms the other half of the bridge. In the example, link 1 is used.

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PR4000

PR3000

ETH0

200.240.240.1

200.240.240.4

200.240.240.8

200.240.240.2

200.240.240.3

200.240.240.9

Link 1

..................................

FIGURE 5.1 IP BRIDGE EXAMPLE

Other Parameters

Transparent Bridge is covered in chapter 10 and IPX is covered in chapter 15. The parameters defined in the Routing Protocol and Traffic Control Menus should be set after reading chapters 12 and 15, respectively. It is probably best to complete the basic configuration of all router interfaces, then return to the routing protocol and traffic control menus after general routing and traffic control strategies have been defined.

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CHAPTER 6 THE SWAN INTERFACE

This chapter describes how to configure a SWAN interface. The physical link should be set up as shown in chapter 2, according to the type of modem or device at the other end of the connection and the type of SWAN port.

STEP ONE The first step in the SWAN interface configuration is to define its physical characteristics. These parameters are presented in the Physical Menu Table.

Physical Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL

Parameter Descri ption

Mode Asynchronous or Synchronous. This parameter is determined by the mode of the

device at the other end of the connection. Clock Source Applies for

Synchron ous Mo de

. Whether this interface provides clock for the device at the other end of the cable or vice-versa. When the interface is connected to a modem, the

Clock Source

is always

External

Receive Clock Applies for

Internal Clock Source

. When this interface provides clock, it can either

compare incoming messages with the clock it is generating (

Internal

) or with the clock

it receives from the sender along with the message (

External

Externa

l is

recommended.

Speed Applies for

Internal Clock Source

. Determines at which speed the data will be sent

across the line.

Media for SWAN Cable

Type of cable -- RS-232, V.35 or X.21. Usually the type is cable is detected by the router.

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STEP TWO The second step is to choose a data-link protocol in the Encapsulation menu. There are many encapsulation options on this interface.

For synchronous communication:

• Frame Relay: the Frame Relay Protocol is based on frame switching and constructs a permanent virtual

circuit (PVC) between two or more points.

• X.25: The X.25 Protocol is generally used to connect to a public network. The router can act either as a DTE

or a DCE.

• HDLC: A proprietary alternative to PPP.

For synchronous or asynchronous communication:

• PPP: The PPP (Point-to-Point) protocol is used for leased, dial-up, and ISDN lines. Multilink PPP is also

provided. Information on how to determine the values of the parameters for each data-link protocol is provided in chapter 1 1. STEP THREE

The third step is to set the Network Protocol parameters. Information for this step is provided in chapter 10.

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STEP FOUR If PPP Encapsulation is being used, a type of authentication should be chosen. This is done in the authentication menu.

Authentication Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>AUTHENTICATION

Parameter Descri ption

Authentication Type

Local

uses the list of users defined in CONFIG=> SECURITY=>USERS=>ADD.

Server

uses either Radius or Tacacs to authenticate the user.

Remote

is when this interface is considered to be the user and the

other

end of the

connection performs the authentication

Username Applies when Authentication Type is Remote. The username the remote device

expects to receive.

Password Applies when Authentication Type is Remote. The password the remote device

expects to receive.

Authentication Server Applies when

Authentic atio n Typ e

Server

. Indicates that either a Radi us or Tac acs server is used for validation. The location and other parameters of the server must be configured in CONFIG=> SECURITY. See section 4.3 of the CyROS Reference Guide.

Authentication Protocol

Applies when

Authentic atio n Typ e

Local

Server

. Either PAP or CHAP or both can

be used for authentication.

STEP FIVE The parameters defined in the Routing Protocol and Traffic Control Menus should be set after reading chapters 12 and 15, respectively. It is probably best to complete the basic configuration of all router interfaces, then return to the routing protocol and traffic control menus after general routing and traffic control strategies have been defined.

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CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURATION OF THE Z-BUS INTERFACE

The Z-Bus Card is used in conjunction with either the Cyclades-Synchronous Serial Expander (8 ports) or the Cyclades-Serial Expander 16. The SSE8 can be used for either synchronous or asynchronous communication, on a port by port basis, while the SE16 is only for asynchronous communication.

There are three basic ways to set up this interface:

1 use one of the wizards to simplify the configuration of one, a range, or all ports; 2 configure all or a range of ports for a particular application, then go back and change certain parameters for

each one; or

3 configure each port, one by one.

The last method can be somewhat simplified with the

Copy from Port

utility in the wizards menu. Configuration

with a wizard will be described first. A guide to the Z-Bus interface menu is shown in Figure 7.1. NOTE: In this chapter, the expression

<PORT>

refers to

One Port, Range

, or

All Ports

in the menu below, whichever is applicable.

The physical connections should be set up as shown in chapter 2, according to the type and number of serial expanders.

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Zbus Card

One Port

Range

All Ports

Number of Serial Expanders First Logical Link

Zbus Port Encapsulation Network Protocol Routing Protocol Physical Traffic Control

Authentication

Wizards

Zbus Port Range Begin Zbus Port Range End

Same Parameters as One Port

Authentication Type Username Password Authentication Server Authentication Protocol

Bandwidth IP Traffic Control List

Config

Interface

Zbus

General

FIGURE 7.1 Z-BUS INTERFACE MENU TREE

Both the router and all serial expanders must be turned off before connecting or disconnecting them. Failure to follow this guideline can result in permanent damage to both devices.

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STEP ONE More than one Z-Bus card can be installed in the PR3000 and more than one SE16 can be attached to a Z-Bus. Even with two or three separate Z-Bus cards, the Z-Bus Ports are numbered consecutively. The example in Figure 7.2 shows one SSE8 with ports numbered 1 through 8 and two SE16s with ports numbered 17-48. The starting port number in configured with the CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>Z-BUS =>Z-BUS CARD =>FIRST LOGICAL LINK parameter. Both this parameter and CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>Z-BUS =>Z-BUS CARD =>NUMBER OF SERIAL EXPANDERS must be set before continuing on to step two.

Slot 1

Cyclades-PR3000

PR3000

SSE8

SE16

Slot 2

Z-Bus

Serial

Expander 1

Logical Links 17 - 32

Cable

Logical Links1-8

Logical Links 33 - 48

Serial

Expander 2

FIGURE 7.2 PR3000 WITH Z-BUS CARDS AND SERIAL EXPANDERS

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Wizards

Wizards were created to simplify the Z-Bus configuration for popular uses of the PR3000. Wizards are available for configuration of a Terminal Server, a Remote Access Server, and a LAN-to-LAN Router. A utility that copies a configuration from one port to another is also provided in the Wizard Menu.

The Wizard Menu tree is shown in Figure 7.3 and its parameters are explained in the table that follows.

Zbus

One Port

TS Profile

RAS Profile

LAN-to-LAN Profile

Copy From Port

Speed Username

Speed Index Remote IP Address

Speed Primary IP Address Subnet Mask Secondary IP Address Remote IP Address Type Remote IP Address

Copy From Slot Copy From Port

Wizards

Config

Interface

FIGURE 7.3 WIZARDS MENU TREE

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Wizards Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>Z-BUS=>

<PORT>

=>WIZARDS

Menu Items Descriptio n

TS Profile Used to create a local host Terminal Server. The only parameters are the

Username

and

Speed

. The automatically set parameters are given in a table below. Note: this

wizard defines all communication to be asynchronous.

RAS Profile Used to set up a PPP Remote Access Server using modems and dial-up lines. The

Modem String Index, Speed

, and

Remote IP Address

of the first port are the only parameters. If the Wizard is used for a range or all ports, the following ports will be numbered consecutively. The automatically set parameters are given in a table below. Note: this wizard defines all communication to be asynchronous.

LAN-to-LAN Profile Used to connect two LANs. The only parameters are the

Primary IP Address

, the

Subnet Mask

, any

Secondary IP Addr esses

and

Subnet Masks

, the

Remote IP

Address Type

and

Address

, and the

Speed

(for asynchronous). The automatically set parameters are given in a table below. Note: this wizard defines all communication to be synchronous for the SSE8 and asynchronous for the SS16.

Copy From Port Used to copy an entire configuration from one port to another, while changing the IP

address so that the ports are numbered consecutively.

STEP TWO Study the parameters set by the wizard that best fits the application. Note any differences between what is set and what parameters are needed. Choose CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>Z-BUS =>

<PORT>

=>WIZARDS for the port(s) to be configured and enter the parameters requested. If none of the wizards suit the application, skip to step two in the section on configuration without a wizard.

STEP THREE (Last step when using a wizard.) List the parameters set by the wizard using CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>Z-BUS =>

<PORT>

=>L and change any

according to the needs of the application. A typical application of the Terminal Server Wizard is shown in Figure 7.4. The parameters that are automatically

set by the wizard are given in the table following the figure.

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Server

Ethernet TCP/IP

Telnet

..................................

Terminal Server

Terminals

FIGURE 7.4 APPLICATION THAT CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE TERMINAL SERVER WIZARD

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Encapsulation: CHAR

Device Type Terminal TCP KeepAlive Timer Inactive Terminal Type ANSI Switch Session Character Code 11 Escape Session Character Code 1 Username entered as a parameter

Network Protocol: Inactive Routing Protocol: None Physical

Mode Async Speed entered as a parameter Parity None Character Size 8 bits Stop Bits 1 Flow Control Software Modem Connection None RTS Mode No rmal Flow Control Input Signal DCD No Input Signal DSR Yes Input Signal CTS No

Traffic Control: No parameters set Authentication

Authentication Type Local

FIGURE 7.5 PARAMETERS SET AUTOMATICALLY BY THE TERMINAL SERVER WIZARD

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A typical application of the RAS Wizard is shown in Figure 7.6. The parameters that are automatically set by the wizard are given in the table following the figure.

Authentication

Server

Remote Access Server

PCs Using Telephone Lines

Modem 01

Modem n

Router

Server

..................................

FIGURE 7.6 APPLICATION THAT CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE RAS WIZARD

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Encapsulation: PPPCHAR

PPP Inactivity Timeout None Van Jacobson IP Header Compression

Disabled

LCP Echo Requests Enabled Time Interval to send Config Requests

ACCM 000A0000 Predictor Compression Disabled Switch Session Character Code 11 Escape Session Character Code 1

Network Protocol: IP Active

Unnumbered / Numbered Unnumbered Assign IP from Interface 1 Enable Dynamic Local IP Address N Remote IP Address Type Fixed Remote IP Address entered as a parameter IP MTU 1500 NAT Global ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List Name None Outgoing Rule List Name None

FIGURE 7.7 PARAMETERS SET AUTOMATICALLY BY THE RAS WIZARD

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Network Protocol: TB Inactive Routing Protocol: None Physical

Mode Async Speed entered as a parameter Flow Control Hardware Modem Connection Connected Modem String Index entered as a parameter RTS Mode No rmal Flow Control Input Signal DCD Y Input Signal DSR N Input Signal CTS N

Traffic Control: No parameters set Authentication

Authentication Type Server Authentication Server Tacacs Authentication Protocol PAP

FIGURE 7.7 PARAMETERS SET AUTOMATICALLY BY THE RAS WIZARD (CONTINUED)

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A typical application of the LAN-to-LAN Wizard is shown in Figure 7.8. The parameters that are automatically set by the wizard are given in the two tables that follow the figure.

LAN 1 Ethernet TCP/IP

LAN 3 Ethernet TCP/IP

Server

Windows 95

Router

PPP

Router

PR3000 Remote Access Server

LAN 2 Ethernet TCP/IP

Server

Windows 95

..................................

FIGURE 7.8 APPLICATION THAT CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE LAN-TO-LAN WIZARD

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Encapsulation: PPP

MLPPP Active N PPP Inactivity Timeout None Van Jacobson IP Header Compression Disabled LCP Echo Requests Enabled Time Interval to send Config Requests 1 ACCM 00000000 Predictor Compression Disabled

Network Protocol: IP Active

Unnumbered / Num b er ed Numbered Primary IP Address entered as a parameter

Subnet Mask entered as a param et er Secondary IP Address entered as a parameter Remote IP Address Type entered as a parameter Remote IP Address entered as a parameter IP MTU 1500 NAT Global ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List Name None Outgoing Rule List Name None

Network Protocol: TB Inactive Routing Protocol: None

FIGURE 7.9 PARAMETERS SET AUTOMATICALLY BY THE LAN-TO-LAN WIZARD FOR THE SE16

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Encapsulation: PPP

MLPPP Active N Van Jacobson IP Header Compression Disabled LCP Echo Requests Enabled Time Interval to send Config Requests 1 Predictor Compression Disabled

Network Protocol: IP Active

Unnumbered / Numbered Numbered Primary IP Address entered as a parameter

Subnet Mask entered as a paramet er Secondary IP Address entered as a parameter Remote IP Address Type entered as a parameter Remote IP Address entered as a parameter IP MTU 1500 NAT Global ICMP Port Inactive Incoming Rule List Name None Outgoing Rule List Name None

Network Protocol: TB Inactive Routing Protocol: None Physical

Mode Synch Clock Source External Media for Z-Bus Cable V.35

Traffic Control: No parameters set Authentication

Authentication Type None

FIGURE 7.10 PARAMETERS SET AUTOMATICALLY BY THE LAN-TO-LAN WIZARD FOR THE SSE8

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Configuration Without a Wizard

Steps two and three will be discussed separately for asynchronous and synchronous modes. The synchronous menu options will be presented first.

Asynchronous Port Menus

This section applies to the SE16 and any SSE8 port used for asynchronous communication. The Encapsulation and Physical menus are very different for the asynchronous and synchronous modes.

STEP TWO The second step is the definition of the physical characteristics of the links. The parameters are presented in the Asynchronous Port Physical Menu Table

Cyclades PR3000 Installation Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual