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Operator's Manual I
Variable Speed
WOOD LATHE
Model No.
351.217120
CAUTION:
Read and follow all Safety
Rules and Operating
Instructions before First
Use of this Product.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Hoffman Estates, IL 60179 U.S.A,
WWW, Ilear L Cof11/cr aimf_rlfl 8fl
18184.02 Draft (11/10/02)
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WarTar'ity ....................................... 2
Salety Rules .................................. 2-3
Unpacldng ..................................... 3
Assembly ...................................... 4
Installation .................................... 4,-6
Operation ................................... 8-19
Maintenance ................................... 20
Troubleshooting ................................ 21
Parts Illustration and Ust ....................... 24-27
Esp_of .................................... 28-51
FULL ONEYEAR WARRANTY ON CRAFTSMAN
VARIABLE SPEED WOOD LATHE
If this productfallsdue to a detectin material or workmanship
withinone year from the date oi purchase, Sears will at its
optionrepair or replaceit tree d charge. Contactyour near-
est Sears Service Center (1-800-4-MY-HOME) to arrangefor
productrepair,or return thisproductto place d purchase for
replacement.
Ifthis product isusedfor commercialor rental purposes,this
warrantywill applyfor 90 days from the date of pumhase,
This warrantyappliesonly while thisproductis used in the
UnitedStates.
Thiswarrantygives you specificlegal rights, and you may
also have othar rightswhichvary from stateto state.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Dept. 817WA, Hottman Estates,
IL 60179
CAUTION: Alwaysfollowproper operating proceduresas
definedin this manual-- even if you are familiarwith use of
this or similartools.Remember that being careless foreven a
fractionct a second can rasuit in severe personal injury.
BE PREPARED FOR JOB
• Wear proper apparel. Do not wear loose dnthing,gloves,
neckties,rings,bracelets or other jewelry whichmayget
caught in movingpads of machine.
• Wear protectivehaircevedngtocontain long hair.
• Wear salety shoeswith non.aiip soles.
• Wear saletyglasses onmplying with United StatasANSI
Z87.1. Everydayglasses have only impactresistantlens-
es.Thay are NOT safetyglasses.
• Wear face mask or dust mask it operationis dusty.
• Be alert and think dearly. Never operate power toolswhen
tired, intoKleatedorwhen taking medicationsthatcause
drowsiness.
PREPARE WORK AREA FOR JOB
Keepwork area dean. Clutteredworkareas ioviteacci-
dents.
Do not use power toets in dangerous environments. Do
not use power tools in damp or wet locations. Do nOt
expose power tools to rain.
• Work area should be properly lighted.
o Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Keepvisitorsat a sate distancefrom workarea.
Keep childrenoutoi workplace.Make workshopchild-
proct.Use padlocks,master switchesor removeswitch
keysto preventany unintentionaluse of power tools.
Keep powercordsfrom comingin contactwith sharp
objects,oil, grease, and hOtsurfaces.
TOOL SHOULD BE MAINTAINED
Alwaysunplugtoolprior to inspection.
Consultmanualfor specificmaintainingand adjustingpro-
ceduras.
• Keep toollubricatedandclean for safest operation.
• Keep all pads in worldngorder.Check to determinethat
the guard or Otherparts willoperate propertyand perform
their intendedfunction.
• Checkfor deranged parts. Check for alignment oi moving
pads, binding,breakage, mountingand any othercondi-
tionthat may affecta tool'soperation.
• A guard or Otherpad that is damaged shouldbe properly
repairedor replaced.Do nntpedorm maksshiftrepairs.
(Use partslistprovidedto order replacementparts.)
• Never adjust attachments while running.Disconnectpower
to avoid accidentalstart-up.
• Havedamagedorworn powercordsreplacedimmediately,
• Keep cuttingtoolssharp for efficient and s_est operation.
KNOW HOW TO USE TOOL
• Use righttool forjob. Do not Iorce tool or attachment todo
ajob for whichit was notdesigned.
• Disconnecttoolwhen changingattachments.
• Avoidaccidentalstart-up.Make surethat the toni is in the
=off"positionbeforepluggingin, turning on sately discon-
nector activatingbreakers.
• Do not force tool.It willwork most efficientlyat the rate for
whichit was designed.
• K,_ephandsswayfromchuck,centersand Otharmoving
pads.
• Never leave toolrunning unattended.Turnthe poweroff
and do not leovetooluntil it comes toa completestep.
• Do not overreach.Keepproper looting and balance.
• Never stand on tool,Serious injurycould occurit tool is
tippedor i'centersare unintentionallycontacted.
• Knowyourtool. Learnthe leers operation, application and
specificlimitations.
• Handleworkpiececorrectly.Mountfirmly in holding
devices.Protect handsfrom possibleinjury,
• Turnmachineoff ifworkplece splitsor becomesloose.
• Use cuttingtonleas recornmendedin =Operation."
WARNING: Forysurown salety,donot operateyOUrwood
latheuntilitiscompletelyassembledandinstalledaccordingto
instructions.
PROTECTION: EYES, HANDS, FACE, BODY, EARS
If any part ct your lathe is missing, malfunctioning,or has
been damaged orbrahen, cease operating immediately
untilthe particularpad is properlyrepaired or replaced,
• We="saletygogglesthatcomplywih UnitedStatesANSI
7R7.1 andaface sttaldordustmaskit operatlen is dusty,
Wearear plugsor muffsduring _,.'tandedperiodsctoperation.
Small loosepieces ofwood or other objectsthat contacta
spinning workplececan be propelled at very high speed.
Thiscan be avoided by keeping the lathe clean.
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Never turn the lathe ON before clearing the bed, head and
tailstock ot all tools, wood scraps, etc., except the werkpiece
and related support devicse for the operation planned.
Never place your lace or body in line with the chuck or
faceplate.
• Never plane your fingers or hande in path ut cutting tools.
• Never roach in back of the workpiece wit h either hand to
support the piece, remove wood scraps, or lor any other
mason, Avoid awkward aperetions and hand positions
where a sudden slip could cause fingers or hand to move
into a spinning workplece.
• Shut the lathe OFF and disconnect power source when
removing the faneplste, changing the center, adding or
removing an a,z<itiary device, or making adjustments.
• Turn _ lock switch to =off" and remove _ when tool is
not in use.
• If the workplece splits or is damaged in any way, turn lathe
OFF and remove the workpiece Imm the holders. Discard
damaged workpiece and start with a new piece of wood.
• Use extra care when turning wood with twisted grain or
wood that is twisted or bowed -- it may cut unevenly or
wobble excessively.
KNOW YOUR CUTTING TOOLS
• Dull, gummf, improperly sharpened or set cuttingtonlscan
ceuse vibrationend chatterduringcuttingoperations.
Minimizepotential injuryby proper care of tools and regu-
ier machine maintenance.
THINK SAFETY
Safety is a combinationof operator common sense and alert-
ness at all timeswhen the lethe isbeing used.
• Foryour o,,vnsafety,read all rules and pmcautioas in the
operator's manual before using thistool.
• Foreye protection,wear safatyglasses complyingwith
UnitedStates ANSI Z87.1.
• Do netwear looseclothing,gloves,neckties, rings,
bracelets or otherjewelry that ceeld gef caughtin moving
parts of machineor workpieee.Wear proteotivehair cover-
ingto contain longhair.
• Tighten all damps, fixturesand tailstsckbefore applying
power.Check to mak_ sure that all tools and wrenches
have been removed.
• With switchoff,rotate workpleceby hand to make sure
thatthere is adequate clearance.Start the machine on
lowestspeed settingtoverity thatthe workpleceis secure,
• Forlarge pieces, create a roughshape on another pieceof
equipmentbefore installingon fsceplate.
• Do not mount anyworkplecesthat have splits or knots.
• Remove any center from spindle when using an outboard
devicefor au_itiaryturning.
• Ne/er attempt to remountafaneplateturningto thelace-
platefor any mason,
• Never attempttoremounta between-centersturningit the
original centerson theturninghavebeen alteredor removad.
• When remountinga between-centem turningthat has non-
altered original centers, make surethat the speed is at the
lowestsettingfor etad-ap.
• Use extracaution when mountinge batween.centers turn-
ing to the faceplata, ora faceplsteturningto between-cen-
ters, for secondary operations. Male surethat the speed is
atthe lowestsettingfor start-up.
• Never perform any operation with this lathe where the
workplece is hand-held. Do net mount a reamer, milling
cutter, drill bit, wire wheel or buffing wheel to the heed-
stock spindle.
• When hand-sanding fsceplate or between-ceeters mount-
ed werkpieces, complete all sanding BEFORE removing
the workplece from the lathe.
Never run the spindle in the wrong directiee. The cutting
tool could be pulled from your hands. The workpiece
should always turn towards the operator.
For spindle tur_ng, ALWAYS paslion the tool rest above the
centedine of the workplece and spindle (sppreKin'kately'_").
Use the ddll chuck accessory in the tall efock only. Do not
mount any drill bit that extends mere than 6" beyond chuck
jaws.
CAUTION; Foilow safely instructions that appear on the
headstock assembly for your lathe.
Refer to Figure 1.
Check for shippingdamage.If damage has occurred, a claim
mustbe filedwith carder.Check for completeness.
Immediatelyrepod:missingpartsto dealer.
Yourwoodlatheisshippedcompleteinone c_ton and includes
amotor.Separate allpads frompackingmaterialsandcheck
each one withthe unpaddnglistto makecertainall items are
accountedforbeforediscardingany packingmaterial.
If any parts am missing, do not attempt to assemble the lathe,
plugin the pawer cord,ortum the switchon untilthe missing
pads are chtained and properlyinstalled.
A lathe
B Leg (4)
C Brace(2)
D TSP(2)
E Support(2)
F 12" Teel Reef
G 6"ToolRest
H 4" Face Plate
Parts Bag (Lathe) - NOtShown
PartsBag (Stand)- Not Shown
IMPORTANT: The bed is coatedwith a protediant.To ensure
proper fitand operation,remove coating,Coatingis easily
removedwith mild solvents,such as mineralspirits, and a soft
doth.Avoidgettingcleaningsolution on paint or anyof the
rubberor plasticparts,Solventsmay deterioratethesefinish-
es. Use soap and water on paint, plasticor rubbercompo-
nents.Wipe all parts thoroughlywith a clean dry cloth.Apply
pastewax to the bed,
Rgum I -Unpacking
3
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Refer to Figu="es2 - 3.
CAUTION: Do not attempt assembly if parts ere missing.
Use this manual to order replacement parts.
• Remove all components from the shipping carton and verify
against the parts list on page 3. Clean each component and
remo_ shipping preservatives (coatings) as required.
ASSEMBLE STAND
NOTE: Hand tighten all I_ nuts duringstand assembly.Do
notcompletelytightennutsuntilstand assemblyis complete.
• Piecebcth toppiecesepside downee flooror benchtop.
Attach|font and rearsqoportsto topsusingtheca,'dagebolts,
flatwashers,lockwashersand hexnuts.
• Attach legs to inside nt tops usingcarriagebols, flat
washers, lockwashers and hex nuts,
• Attachbracesto insideof legsusingcarriagebolts,flatwash-
ers, lechwashersand hex nuts.
• Turnstand upright,level standandsecuresil nuts.
Suppo_
1\
Rgum 2 - Lalhe Stand Asmmbied
MOUNT LATHE TO STAND
NOTE: Latheweighs apprceimately130 Ibs.Two people mw
be requiredfor this operation,
• Obse_e Iocehend meentingholesin thestand top.Pceitinn
latheon stand topsothat the mountingholesinthe stand are
alignedwithhobs inthe headstock and n_tor suppodcast-
ing.Securelathefrom underneathstand usingsed_ head
boltsandflatwashe(s.
• Insert6" or 12" toolrest into holderand secure in position
with lockinghandle.
• Attach speed controlknQb.
• Whenthe woodlethe isreedj/foruse,it shouldappear as it
doesin Figure3,
Inboard Spinde Toel ReSt
Headstock
Spinde
Rgum 3 - Pmls of the Lathe
• Examine the liee cord to male ,,_Jrethel the ping is in geed
condition and that the insulation has not been damaged
during transit.
Bed
Halide
Knob
Reler to Figures 4-9,
LOCATION OF WOOD LATHE
The lathe shouldbe positionedsothat neither the operator
nor a casual observer isforced to stand in line with the spin-
ningchuck.
INSTALLATION OF CENTERS
The spur center and the bearing center have Morsetaper #1
tomatchthe spindleand tailstockbores.To install the cen-
ters,slide them intothe boreswith a firm,swift movement.
Theywill be furthersecured when a workpieceis squeezed
between the centers.
REMOVAL OF SPUR CENTER FROM SPINDLE
• To removethe spur centerfrom the spindle, insert the cen-
ter removalrod intothe spindle and gently tap the center
out.Refer to Figure4.
Spur Center
R_ure 4 - Spur Center RBmovzd
REMOVAL OF BEARING CENTER FROM RAM
• To remove bearing center from tall atock quill, insert the
center remavai rod into the quill and gently tap the center
out.Refer to Figure5.
Beanng
_r
Removal Rob
RRure 5
POWER SOURCE
WARNING: Do nat connectwood latheto the powersource
untilall assemplysteps have been completed,
The motorisdesignedforoperationontheveltageand IreqnenoJ
spedled.NotTnatloadswillbe handledsafelyan voltagesnot
morethan10% aboveorbelowspecifiedvolage. Ruanklgthe
un! onvoltageswhichare notwthin rangemaycauseoverheat-
n:j and motorburn-out.Heavyloadsrequirethatvoltageat mator
terminalsbe nolessthanIhevoltagespecified on namepla_.
• Powersupplyto the motoriscontrolledbya single polelock-
ingrod_r switch.Rerno_ the kayinthe rockerswitchto pre-
ventunauthorizeduse.
4
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GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING: Improper conr_dion d equipmed grounding con-
ductor can ras.J inthe dsk d electrical shod<.Eq_ment should
be grounded while in use to protect operstor from eleddcal shock.
• Check with a qualified elestdcian if grounding instructions
are not understood or i in doubt as to whether the tool is
propedy grounded.
• This tool is equipped with as appmvad 3*conductor cord
rated at 300V and a 3-prong grounding type plug (see Figure
6) for your protection against shock hazards.
pmpedy Grounded Outlet
Grounding Prong
3-prong Plug __
Rgum 6 - 3-1ProngRmceptado
Groundingplugshouldbe plugged directlyinto a properly
installedand grounded3-preeg grounding-typereceptacle,
as shown (Figure6).
• Do not ran'x_e or alter groundingprong in anymanner.In
the eventot a maitunctionor breakdown,groundingpro-
vides a path ot least resistancefor electrical shock.
WARNING: Do notpermit lingers to touchthe terminalsot
plug when installingorremoving lrem outlet.
• Plugmustbe pluggedinto matchingoutistthatis propeby
instaled ond groundedin accordancewith al localcodasand
ordinances.Do notmodly plugprovided.If itwill nO[ft in
outlet,haveproperoutletinstalledby aqual|led electrician.
• Inspecttool cordspedodicellyand if damaged, have them
repairedby an authorizedseP.'iceIacitity.
• Green (orgreen and yellow)conductorin cord isthe
groundingwire.If repairor replacementof the electriccord
or plugis necessary, do not conned the green (orgreen
and yellow)wire to a liveterminal.
• Where a 2-prong wall receptacleisencountered,it mustbe
replacedwith a properlygrounded :)-prongreceptacle
installedin accordancewith National Electdc Code and
local codes and ordinances.
WARNING: This work should be pedormed by e qualified
electrician.
A temporary 3-preng to 2..prenggroundingadapter(see
Figure7) is availableforconsentingplugsto a two pole outlet
ifit isproperlygrounded.
Do notuse a 3-preng to2-preng groundingadaptor unless
permittedby localand national codas and ord'mances.
(A3-prongto 2-prong groundingadapter is not permitted
inCanada,) Where permitted,the rigidgreen tab or term'l-
natonthe side ot the adaptermust be securelyconnected
to a permanent electricalground such as a propedy
groundedwater pipe, a properlygroundedoutlet b_( or a
properlygroundedwire system.
• Many coverplate screws,water pipes and outletbosasare
notproperlygrounded.Toensure proper ground,grounding
means mustbe testedby a qualifiedeleotrician,
Qmunding Lug M_<e Sum
Adspter_ __ConnectedTo
3-Prong Ground
_A Kqown
Rgure 7 - 2-Prong Receptacle with Adapter
EXTENSION CORDS
• The use of any extension cord will cause some drop in
volnge and loss of power.
• Wires of the _tension cord must be ol sutficisnt size to
carry the ourmnt and maintain adequate voltage,
• Use the table to determine the minimum wire size (A.W.G.)
extension cord.
• Use only 3-wire eadenslen cords h_iug 3-prong grounding
type plugs and 3-pob mceptasles which accept the tool plug.
• If the extension cord is worn, cut, or damaged in any way.
replace it immediately.
Extemdon Cord length
Up to 25 tt..................................... 18
NOTE: Using extension cords over 25 It, long is not
recommended.
MOTOR
The wood lathe is assembled with rector and wiring installed.
Horsepower (Maximum Developed) ................... 1
Voltage ................................... 120/240
Amperes ..................................... 814
Hertz ........................................ 60
Phase ..................................... Single
RPM ....................................... 1725
Rotation (viewed Iron', mater shatt) ....... Counterclockwise
L1
120V IPower L2
1
Green
This Is
2-Prong Receptacle
Wire Size A.W.G.
±
Rgure B -Wiling Schemstic
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
WARNING: Make sureunit isoff anddisconnectedfrom
powersourcebesominspectingany wiring.
The motor is installedand wiringconnectedas illustratedin
the widngschematic(see Figure8).
The lathe isprewiredlot useon a 120volt,60HZ powersupply.
The powerst4)plytothe motoris controlledby a singlepole
leddng roder swich.
5
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The power lines are inserteddirectly ontothe switch.The
0teen groundline must remain securelyfastenedto the freme
to properlyprotect againstelectricalshock.
• Removethe key to preventunauthorizeduse.
240 VOLT OPERATION
• To use the lathe with a 240V, single-phase pov,,er supply,
have s qualified electrician attach a 240 volt. 15A 3-prong
plug Onto lathe line cord and install the proper connectors
and receptacles to power supply.
• See wiring diagram (Figure 9) for wiring instructions.
C 3 C 2
__L_
C 4 )
L1 1_ _
_ 2 )
L1 240V 1.2
Figure 9 -Wiring S<d'lemallc
Referto Figures10 - 74.
DESCRIPTION
Craftsman 36" variable speed wood lathe providescapability
toturnwoodenworkpieces upto 36' longand 4" diameter.
This lathe can also turn b_wls up to 12" diameterand 4"
thick.The motorrofstosat 1725 RPM and the spindle speeds
are 380-2150 RPM. Outboard spindle allows convenientout-
boardturningof bowls up to 15" diameter.
SPECIFICATIONS
Turninglength (max.) ............................ 38"
Bowldiareeter(max.)............................12"
Overalllength................................. 60_
Overallheight................................. 13"
Width ....................................... 15"
Inboard SpindleSpeed ............... 380 to 2150 RPM
OutboardSpindle Speed ................ 190-1075 RPM
SpindleTaper................................. 1MT
SpindleThreed ................................ 1".-8
TailStock Taper............................... 1MT
Switch ........................... SP, Lockingrocker
Motor .......................... 120/240V, 8/4 AMPS
Weight ................................... 130 bs
WARNING: Operationof any powertoolcan result in foreign
objects being thrown intothe eyes, whichcan result in severe
eye damage. Alwayswear satety gogglescomplyingwith
UnitesStatesANSI Z87.1 (shown onpaskage) before com-
mencingpower tooloperation.Salaty goggles ate available at
Sears retail storesor catalog.
CAUTION: Always Observethe followingsafelyprecautions:
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Whenever adjustingor replacinganyparts onthe tool, turn
switchOFF and removetheplug from power source,
• FlesheckallIoddnghandles,Thaymustbe tightensdseoJraly.
• Mak_ sure allmovingparts are free and clear of any
intederence.
• Mal® s_.a'eal fastonarsam tightand have nctvbratedloose.
• With power disconnected,testeperetion by handforclear-
ance and adjustit necessary.
• Always wear eye protectionorface shield.
• Alter turningswitchon, alwaysallow the spindle to come
upto lull speed before turning.
• Be suremeter runscounterclockwisewhen viewing spindle
fromthe rightend (inboardside of headstock).
• Keep handsclear of spindle,centers, faceplates and other
reeving parts of machine.
• For optimum performance,do not stall motoror reduce
speed. Do not forcethe toolinto the work.
ON-OFF SWITCH
Refer to Figure 19.
Power supplyto the lathe iscontrolledby the lockingrocker
switch.To turn latheon:
• Pullred_r snitchupto the ON position.
Toturn lathe _f:
• Switchoff the rockersNitCh.
The rocker switch hase removable_ to preventunsetho-
dzBd use or accidentalstart-up of the lathe.Removingthe kay
will !ock the lathefrom use.
To lock the lathe:
• Switchoffthe rockerswitch.
• Disconnectthe line cordlram powersource.
• Pullout the removablekey.The key has the words,
"Remove to Lock".
• Store key in a sale pla_e
NOTE: With the kay removed,the rockercan be "ROCKED",
butthe switchcannot be actuated,
Tounlockthe Isthe:
• Positionthe rockerin the OFF pneltinn.
• Insertthe key into the rocker,
• Connect line cord to power source.
• The switch cannow be actuated.
• _ Spindle
Rgum 10 RemovableI_ _/ _Roc_erSwltch
CHANGING SPEEDS
Tovaly spindlespeeds, rotatespeed controlImopto the
desiredsetting.The speed label on the headstock shows
inboardspindlespeeds in blackand outboardspindle speeds
in red. Refer tospeed chartfar specific turningoperations.
CAUTION: Changespeeds only while motor is running.
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SPINDLE TURNING
If you have never done any amountot wood turning,we sug-
gestthatyou practiceusing the variouswood turningtools.
Start witha small spindleturning.
Be sureto studythe follo_vingpages ofthis manuel.They
explainand illustratethe correctuse at the turning tools,the
positioningot the tool rest, and other informationto help you
gaine_pedence.
• Select a plese ot wood 2" x 2" x 12".
• Draw diagonallines on each end to locatethe centers.
Diagonal Unes on
Both Ends
• Observe the speed chart (see page 14). For example, a 2"
square turning uP to 18" long should run at 1100 RPM for
"roughing'. Rotate the wood by hand to make sum that the
corners do not strike tim tool rest and verify that the index-
ing pin is not engaged.
Rgure 11
• On one end, make a saw cut epprosJn'_ely 'A," deep on
each diagonal line,This isfor the spor o_nter,
• The other end uses the bearing center. Place the point ot
the bearing center on the wood where the diagonal lines
cross`
• Drivethe bearingcenter intothe wood.Use a wooden mat-
let or a plastichammer, butput a piece of wood onthe end
ofthe bearing centerto prctect itfrom harm.
Rgum 12
• Remove the bearing center and drivethe spur center into
the otherend of the wood. Make sumthe spurs are inthe
saw cuts. Remove the spur center.
• Make surethe centersand the hole in thespindle and the
tailstock ramare clean. Insert the spurcenter intothe
headstock and the bearing center intothe tail atock.Tsp
them in lightlywith apiece ot wood. Do not drivethem in.
• II the tall stock centeris not ot the ball bearingtype, puta
dropof oil or wax an thewood where itcontactsthe cen-
ter.This willIt_,ricatethe woodwhile it is tumiag.
• Placethe woodbetween the centers andlockthe t6il stock.
• Movethe bearing centerintothe woodbyturningthehand
wheel.Make surethatthe bearingcenterand spur center
=seated"into thewood inthe holesmadeeadier.Rotate
the woodby handwhileturningthe handwheel.
• Adjustthe toolrest approximately',_"away fromthe cor-
nersof the wood and %"shove the centerline. Note the
angledpositionof the tool restbase. Lockthe tool rest
base and the tool rest.
1_ _'
,oo°
Rgure 13
TOOL REST _._
Rgure 14
INDEXING
Referto Figume15,
The spinulepu[k3yhas24 agu_Jlyspaced slots(15° apart).The
irides(pin psssesthroughthe headstockengageswithonect the
24 slotsemdlocksthespindle fromturningwhileyouputamark
on thewod_lec_
iSlots
Rgure lS
Forexample, to locatethe positionot sixflutes on a cylinder:.
• Openthe rearcaver.
• Push indexpin untilthe indexpin engages one ef the 24
slats inthe spindle pulley.
• Adjustthe 12" toolmeatto the centerlineot the workplece
and make e mark.
• Pullindexpin outtorelease pin,Slowly rotate the work-
piece untilpin is located 60" (4 holes) from initial position.
Engage index pin into the pulleyand place another mark
on the workpiece.
• Continuethese stepsuntilthere are 6 marks onthe work-
piece.
• Bowlturningsor wheel turningscan be marked inthe
S_ rn_qReL
WARNING: The indexingpinmustbe disengagedfor all
nther operations on the lathe,
OUTBOARD TURNING
This technique mat_s it possible to do jobs on this machine
that are too large to mount conventionally. It is straight forward
laospiste turning, except, because of the work size, caution
must be talon and speeds must be restricted to minimums. If
you anticipate doing outboard turning you must use a bowl
turning rest (see Recommended Accessories, page 27). The
bowl turning rest is attached to the lathe bed. See Figure 16,
page 8.
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figure 16 - Bowl Turning Rest
CAUTION: Do not try to push this support when cutting.Do
nottry to mountwork so large that the motor must strain to
turnit. If youwish toexperimentwith thistechnique,do so
with softwoods.Let the heavier, herder wood come later.
USING WOODWORKING CHISELS
SELECTION OF CHISELS
Betterchiselshave handles approximately10" longtoprovide
plentynt gripand leverage.Sharptoolsare essentialIordean,
easywork.Selecttoolsthatwilltake and hold keen edges.
GOUGE SKEW PA_TfNG T_04_
SPEA fl POINT FLATNOSE ROUND NOSE
Figure| 7-The Six CommonlyUsedChimlTypes
THEORY OF TURNING
The two classes ot chisels are those intendedpdmadlyIor
cutting,and chisels used only forscraping,
• The cuttingchisels are the gouge, skew and partingtool.
These are the mostused.They are commonlysharpened
to a razor edge by honingon both sides.
• The scrapingchiselsare the flat n_e, roundnose and
spear point.These are not honedon the flat sides- the
wire edgesproducedby grindingare felt on to aid in the
scrapingprocess.
Cutting Chisel Scraping Chisel
Rgum 18
Cutting and Scraping
• To cut, the chisel is held so that the sharp edge actually
digs into the revolving work to peel otf shavings.
• To scrape, the chisel is held at a dgN angle to the work sur-
lace. This tool remcves fine particles instead of shavings.
Rgure19 Cuttin S "
Many operationsrequirethat the cuttingchiselsbe used for
scraping,but scraping chiselsare practicallynever used for
cutting.Scrapingdullsa chiselmuch faster, especiallythe
razorsharp cuttingchisels.
Cuttingisfaster than scrapingandproduces a smootherfinish
whichrequiresless sanding.However, it isfar more difficultto
master.Scraping, on the other hand, is lar moreprecise and
easier to control.
WhenYou Can Cut andWhanYou Must Scrape
There are twoditlemnt approaches:
• One sppr_ch istowardedrcunfemsce oftheworkpiece_or
exampleturningdowntheoutersurfaced a cylinderor the
innerwalld a hollowroundbex).In thisapproach,thesulfase
hek'igturnedtravelsunderthechisel edgelikean endlessbelt.
• The secondapproachistowardthe diameterd a workpiece
(aswhen turningtheface d afsceplate turning,or the sided
a largeshoulderon a spindleturning).In thisapproach,the
sudscebeingturnedrotatesIke a discunderthechisel edge.
• Sometimesthe optirnum approachwill be a sent)ination of
both methods.
t
Diameter
Approach
Rgum 20
Eithera cuttingor scrapingaction canbe used when the
approachis towarda circumference- the shavingis mmaved
like a peelingfrom a potato.Scraping can only be usedwhen
the approachistowarda diameter.The mason is obvious
whenyou considerthatfaceplate turningpracticallyalways
requires removalof woodacross the grain,Wood does not
peel easily acrossthe grain and attemptsto use any inappro-
pdate cuttingmethodswilllikelymsul in damage tothe work-
piece.There isalso danger thatthe tool couldbe pulledfrom
the hands of the operator.
In general, a cueing actionis used for the majorityof spindle
turningoperations while taceplateturning is usuallyaccom-
plishedby the scrapingmethod.When a combination
approach isto be used, the operator will haveto judge, by the
feel ot the work,when tostopcutting and start scraping.
Never try to cutwhen itbecomes difficultto holdthe chisel
againstthe mughnese ofthe wood grain.
Haw to PosltlonTool Rest for Clrcurnterenoa Cutting
When cutting,the object isto piercethe outer skinof woodto
a certain desireddepthand thento hold the chiselsteady
with the bevel edge parallelto the work cimundemnceso that
itwillpeel oft ashaving at this desired depth,
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• The only sure methodof holdingthe chisel steady is to
mat the b_velagainst the work(Figure 21A).When the toni
mat is at the proper height, the chiselcan be held withthe
bevelpressed againstthe work, and the tool restwill act
as afulcrum to support the chisel againstthe downward
forceofthe revolvingwork.
• If the rest is placed too low,so that thechisel isheld with
the bevel out from the work (Figure21B), the cuttingedge
will continueto dig deeper intothe work.It will dig inuntil
the "bite" becomes so deep that your hands have difficuly
holdingthe chisel- then the improperlysupportedchisel
will beginto bounce or chatter against the workplace.
• ffthe rest is placed ton low,the chisel mustbe held
extremely high to positionthe bevel against the work
(Figure 21C).Then the rest losesrno_ of itsvalue as a ful-
crumand the downwardforce ofthe revolvingworkplecu
tends tokickthe chiselback out of yourhands.
Fig. 21A Rg, 21B Rg. 21C
ae_ _ S • . F_ Kickback/i
Xhr=, '_ Chan /d" Bev_ Kickba=_.
^_ml B_ _ • [ pelnl
Ctlisel (_jn_g pl_er _ _ R_I Too L
Fig. 21D I_ Fig, 21E RI_ 21F
..... _I_R_ I Handle e
TooHi_
Olbd TOU H G'lz_m d TOO Itl_h
No aJp_xt
Fig, 22A
• ioe
c
figure 22
• Figure 22A showsthe chiselactionwith the rest correctly
positioned.
How to PoalUon Chisel and Rest for Diameter Scraping
When scraping on the diameter, that portico of sudase tothe
right of center is moving upward (Figure 23A). if a chisel is
placed in this area, it will simply be carrisd up oft the rest and
out of your hands.
• All diameter approach aparations must be done st the k_t
of center,
Three differentchiselcontactpoints are shownin Figure 23B.
Itwill be notedthatwhen a chisel is abovethe workpieoscen-
ter (or belowit) the work sudase sweeps pastthe chisel edge
at an angle and tendsto carry the chisel in one directionor
the otheralongthe rest.
• Onlywhenthe chisel centasts the work on the cehtedine,
doesthework surfacepass squarelyunderthe chisel
edge.This, then, is the positioninwhich it is easiest to
holdthe chiselsteady.To abtain thisposition,placethe
restagpreximataly 'k" (thicknessof chisel)balsw center.
Fill- 2SA FI w. 23B
Rest Too D_IW31 * ChbalToo High
P_nl Too Fat From Rmt
Fig. 21G
Rgure 21
Ifthe restis placedton high (Figure21D) and the chisel is
correctlyposlioned tar cutting,itstdkes the workplecunear
the top where the directionof torceeKartedbytheworkplace
isnearly horizontal- and kickbackwillagain result.
• Ifthe rest isplaced too far out Iromthe work surface
(Figure21E), then, when correctlyheld, the chisel is again
tonhighon the work.Also, you hawetessleverage on your
side of the tool restand it is even more difficultto hold the
chisel.With largediameter work(Figure21F), the tool rest
canbe abovethe workplece centedine,and sornewhal out
from thework sudace,With small diameterwork (Figure
21G), the restshouldbe closerto thework surface.As
workgrows smaller,the restshouldbe mpositioned.
How to Po_ltlon Tool Rest for Clmunfference Soraplng
In scrapingoperations,the tool restpositionis not as critical
as it isfor cuttingoperations.
• The chisel generally is held horizontally,though itcan be
held at an angle to reach intotightplaces,Considering that
the wire edge ofthe chisel does the scraping,Figures 22B
and 22(3 showthe resultsof ton low or ton high a position
forthe rest.
Uw_
R
Rgum 23
UISING THE GOUGE
Three gouges, the 'k,',_and =k"sizes, are adequateforgener-
al hornesheptumieg, Other sizes from 'k to 2" can be pur-
chased to provide more IleKibinty.
The chief use ofthe gouge is for roughcircumfarenoscutting
ofraw stock down to a cylinderofworfdngsize.It is best to
usethis toolfor rapidcuttingaway of large areas of the work-
piece.When the tool is used thisway, it doesnot producea
smoothsudace,With practice,the gougecan be usedforcut-
tingcovesand the shapingof longcats.
CuttingEdge
P_fflt
Hgum 24
• When ussdfor o-tting,thegougeisalwaysheldwiththecon-
veKsidedown.It should he rolledapprodmatel),30=to 45_ in
thedirectioninwhich| is beingadvancedalongthe restand
thecuttingedge shouldhe slightlyaheadct thehandle.
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