Craftsman 351.217120 User Manual

Operator's Manual I

Variable Speed

WOOD LATHE

Model No.

351.217120

CAUTION:

Read and follow all Safety
Rules and Operating

Instructions before First
Use of this Product.

Sears, Roebuck and Co., Hoffman Estates, IL 60179 U.S.A,

WWW, Ilear L Cof11/cr aimf_rlfl 8fl

18184.02 Draft (11/10/02)

WarTar'ity ....................................... 2

Salety Rules .................................. 2-3

Unpacldng ..................................... 3

Assembly ...................................... 4

Installation .................................... 4,-6

Operation ................................... 8-19

Maintenance ................................... 20

Troubleshooting ................................ 21

Parts Illustration and Ust ....................... 24-27

Esp_of .................................... 28-51

FULL ONEYEAR WARRANTY ON CRAFTSMAN
VARIABLE SPEED WOOD LATHE

If this productfallsdue to a detectin material or workmanship
withinone year from the date oi purchase, Sears will at its
optionrepair or replaceit tree d charge. Contactyour near-
est Sears Service Center (1-800-4-MY-HOME) to arrangefor
productrepair,or return thisproductto place d purchase for

replacement.

Ifthis product isusedfor commercialor rental purposes,this

warrantywill applyfor 90 days from the date of pumhase,
This warrantyappliesonly while thisproductis used in the

UnitedStates.
Thiswarrantygives you specificlegal rights, and you may

also have othar rightswhichvary from stateto state.
Sears, Roebuck and Co., Dept. 817WA, Hottman Estates,

IL 60179

CAUTION: Alwaysfollowproper operating proceduresas

definedin this manual-- even if you are familiarwith use of

this or similartools.Remember that being careless foreven a
fractionct a second can rasuit in severe personal injury.

BE PREPARED FOR JOB

• Wear proper apparel. Do not wear loose dnthing,gloves,
neckties,rings,bracelets or other jewelry whichmayget

caught in movingpads of machine.

• Wear protectivehaircevedngtocontain long hair.

• Wear salety shoeswith non.aiip soles.

• Wear saletyglasses onmplying with United StatasANSI

Z87.1. Everydayglasses have only impactresistantlens-
es.Thay are NOT safetyglasses.

• Wear face mask or dust mask it operationis dusty.

• Be alert and think dearly. Never operate power toolswhen

tired, intoKleatedorwhen taking medicationsthatcause

drowsiness.

PREPARE WORK AREA FOR JOB

Keepwork area dean. Clutteredworkareas ioviteacci-
dents.

Do not use power toets in dangerous environments. Do
not use power tools in damp or wet locations. Do nOt
expose power tools to rain.

• Work area should be properly lighted.
o Sears, Roebuck and Co.

Keepvisitorsat a sate distancefrom workarea.
Keep childrenoutoi workplace.Make workshopchild-

proct.Use padlocks,master switchesor removeswitch
keysto preventany unintentionaluse of power tools.

Keep powercordsfrom comingin contactwith sharp
objects,oil, grease, and hOtsurfaces.

TOOL SHOULD BE MAINTAINED

Alwaysunplugtoolprior to inspection.

Consultmanualfor specificmaintainingand adjustingpro-

ceduras.

• Keep toollubricatedandclean for safest operation.

• Keep all pads in worldngorder.Check to determinethat

the guard or Otherparts willoperate propertyand perform
their intendedfunction.

• Checkfor deranged parts. Check for alignment oi moving

pads, binding,breakage, mountingand any othercondi-
tionthat may affecta tool'soperation.

• A guard or Otherpad that is damaged shouldbe properly

repairedor replaced.Do nntpedorm maksshiftrepairs.

(Use partslistprovidedto order replacementparts.)

• Never adjust attachments while running.Disconnectpower
to avoid accidentalstart-up.

• Havedamagedorworn powercordsreplacedimmediately,

• Keep cuttingtoolssharp for efficient and s_est operation.

KNOW HOW TO USE TOOL

• Use righttool forjob. Do not Iorce tool or attachment todo
ajob for whichit was notdesigned.

• Disconnecttoolwhen changingattachments.

• Avoidaccidentalstart-up.Make surethat the toni is in the
=off"positionbeforepluggingin, turning on sately discon-

nector activatingbreakers.

• Do not force tool.It willwork most efficientlyat the rate for
whichit was designed.

• K,_ephandsswayfromchuck,centersand Otharmoving
pads.

• Never leave toolrunning unattended.Turnthe poweroff
and do not leovetooluntil it comes toa completestep.

• Do not overreach.Keepproper looting and balance.

• Never stand on tool,Serious injurycould occurit tool is
tippedor i'centersare unintentionallycontacted.

• Knowyourtool. Learnthe leers operation, application and
specificlimitations.

• Handleworkpiececorrectly.Mountfirmly in holding
devices.Protect handsfrom possibleinjury,

• Turnmachineoff ifworkplece splitsor becomesloose.

• Use cuttingtonleas recornmendedin =Operation."

WARNING: Forysurown salety,donot operateyOUrwood

latheuntilitiscompletelyassembledandinstalledaccordingto
instructions.

PROTECTION: EYES, HANDS, FACE, BODY, EARS

If any part ct your lathe is missing, malfunctioning,or has
been damaged orbrahen, cease operating immediately
untilthe particularpad is properlyrepaired or replaced,

• We="saletygogglesthatcomplywih UnitedStatesANSI
7R7.1 andaface sttaldordustmaskit operatlen is dusty,
Wearear plugsor muffsduring _,.'tandedperiodsctoperation.

Small loosepieces ofwood or other objectsthat contacta
spinning workplececan be propelled at very high speed.

Thiscan be avoided by keeping the lathe clean.

Never turn the lathe ON before clearing the bed, head and
tailstock ot all tools, wood scraps, etc., except the werkpiece

and related support devicse for the operation planned.
Never place your lace or body in line with the chuck or

faceplate.

• Never plane your fingers or hande in path ut cutting tools.

• Never roach in back of the workpiece wit h either hand to
support the piece, remove wood scraps, or lor any other

mason, Avoid awkward aperetions and hand positions
where a sudden slip could cause fingers or hand to move
into a spinning workplece.

• Shut the lathe OFF and disconnect power source when
removing the faneplste, changing the center, adding or
removing an a,z<itiary device, or making adjustments.

• Turn _ lock switch to =off" and remove _ when tool is
not in use.

• If the workplece splits or is damaged in any way, turn lathe
OFF and remove the workpiece Imm the holders. Discard
damaged workpiece and start with a new piece of wood.

• Use extra care when turning wood with twisted grain or
wood that is twisted or bowed -- it may cut unevenly or
wobble excessively.

KNOW YOUR CUTTING TOOLS

• Dull, gummf, improperly sharpened or set cuttingtonlscan

ceuse vibrationend chatterduringcuttingoperations.
Minimizepotential injuryby proper care of tools and regu-

ier machine maintenance.

THINK SAFETY
Safety is a combinationof operator common sense and alert-

ness at all timeswhen the lethe isbeing used.

• Foryour o,,vnsafety,read all rules and pmcautioas in the
operator's manual before using thistool.

• Foreye protection,wear safatyglasses complyingwith

UnitedStates ANSI Z87.1.

• Do netwear looseclothing,gloves,neckties, rings,
bracelets or otherjewelry that ceeld gef caughtin moving
parts of machineor workpieee.Wear proteotivehair cover-

ingto contain longhair.

• Tighten all damps, fixturesand tailstsckbefore applying

power.Check to mak_ sure that all tools and wrenches
have been removed.

• With switchoff,rotate workpleceby hand to make sure
thatthere is adequate clearance.Start the machine on

lowestspeed settingtoverity thatthe workpleceis secure,

• Forlarge pieces, create a roughshape on another pieceof

equipmentbefore installingon fsceplate.

• Do not mount anyworkplecesthat have splits or knots.

• Remove any center from spindle when using an outboard

devicefor au_itiaryturning.

• Ne/er attempt to remountafaneplateturningto thelace-

platefor any mason,

• Never attempttoremounta between-centersturningit the

original centerson theturninghavebeen alteredor removad.

• When remountinga between-centem turningthat has non-

altered original centers, make surethat the speed is at the
lowestsettingfor etad-ap.

• Use extracaution when mountinge batween.centers turn-

ing to the faceplata, ora faceplsteturningto between-cen-
ters, for secondary operations. Male surethat the speed is

atthe lowestsettingfor start-up.

• Never perform any operation with this lathe where the

workplece is hand-held. Do net mount a reamer, milling
cutter, drill bit, wire wheel or buffing wheel to the heed-
stock spindle.

• When hand-sanding fsceplate or between-ceeters mount-

ed werkpieces, complete all sanding BEFORE removing
the workplece from the lathe.

Never run the spindle in the wrong directiee. The cutting

tool could be pulled from your hands. The workpiece

should always turn towards the operator.
For spindle tur_ng, ALWAYS paslion the tool rest above the

centedine of the workplece and spindle (sppreKin'kately'_").
Use the ddll chuck accessory in the tall efock only. Do not

mount any drill bit that extends mere than 6" beyond chuck

jaws.

CAUTION; Foilow safely instructions that appear on the
headstock assembly for your lathe.

Refer to Figure 1.
Check for shippingdamage.If damage has occurred, a claim

mustbe filedwith carder.Check for completeness.
Immediatelyrepod:missingpartsto dealer.

Yourwoodlatheisshippedcompleteinone c_ton and includes

amotor.Separate allpads frompackingmaterialsandcheck

each one withthe unpaddnglistto makecertainall items are

accountedforbeforediscardingany packingmaterial.
If any parts am missing, do not attempt to assemble the lathe,

plugin the pawer cord,ortum the switchon untilthe missing
pads are chtained and properlyinstalled.

A lathe

B Leg (4)
C Brace(2)

D TSP(2)
E Support(2)

F 12" Teel Reef
G 6"ToolRest

H 4" Face Plate
Parts Bag (Lathe) - NOtShown

PartsBag (Stand)- Not Shown
IMPORTANT: The bed is coatedwith a protediant.To ensure

proper fitand operation,remove coating,Coatingis easily

removedwith mild solvents,such as mineralspirits, and a soft
doth.Avoidgettingcleaningsolution on paint or anyof the

rubberor plasticparts,Solventsmay deterioratethesefinish-
es. Use soap and water on paint, plasticor rubbercompo-
nents.Wipe all parts thoroughlywith a clean dry cloth.Apply
pastewax to the bed,

Rgum I -Unpacking

3

Refer to Figu="es2 - 3.
CAUTION: Do not attempt assembly if parts ere missing.

Use this manual to order replacement parts.

• Remove all components from the shipping carton and verify
against the parts list on page 3. Clean each component and
remo_ shipping preservatives (coatings) as required.

ASSEMBLE STAND
NOTE: Hand tighten all I_ nuts duringstand assembly.Do

notcompletelytightennutsuntilstand assemblyis complete.

• Piecebcth toppiecesepside downee flooror benchtop.

Attach|font and rearsqoportsto topsusingtheca,'dagebolts,
flatwashers,lockwashersand hexnuts.

• Attach legs to inside nt tops usingcarriagebols, flat

washers, lockwashers and hex nuts,

• Attachbracesto insideof legsusingcarriagebolts,flatwash-

ers, lechwashersand hex nuts.

• Turnstand upright,level standandsecuresil nuts.

Suppo_

1\

Rgum 2 - Lalhe Stand Asmmbied

MOUNT LATHE TO STAND
NOTE: Latheweighs apprceimately130 Ibs.Two people mw

be requiredfor this operation,

• Obse_e Iocehend meentingholesin thestand top.Pceitinn
latheon stand topsothat the mountingholesinthe stand are

alignedwithhobs inthe headstock and n_tor suppodcast-
ing.Securelathefrom underneathstand usingsed_ head

boltsandflatwashe(s.

• Insert6" or 12" toolrest into holderand secure in position

with lockinghandle.

• Attach speed controlknQb.

• Whenthe woodlethe isreedj/foruse,it shouldappear as it
doesin Figure3,

Inboard Spinde Toel ReSt

Headstock

Spinde

Rgum 3 - Pmls of the Lathe

• Examine the liee cord to male ,,_Jrethel the ping is in geed
condition and that the insulation has not been damaged

during transit.

Bed

Halide

Knob

Reler to Figures 4-9,
LOCATION OF WOOD LATHE

The lathe shouldbe positionedsothat neither the operator
nor a casual observer isforced to stand in line with the spin-

ningchuck.
INSTALLATION OF CENTERS

The spur center and the bearing center have Morsetaper #1
tomatchthe spindleand tailstockbores.To install the cen-

ters,slide them intothe boreswith a firm,swift movement.
Theywill be furthersecured when a workpieceis squeezed

between the centers.
REMOVAL OF SPUR CENTER FROM SPINDLE

• To removethe spur centerfrom the spindle, insert the cen-
ter removalrod intothe spindle and gently tap the center
out.Refer to Figure4.

Spur Center

R_ure 4 - Spur Center RBmovzd

REMOVAL OF BEARING CENTER FROM RAM

• To remove bearing center from tall atock quill, insert the
center remavai rod into the quill and gently tap the center

out.Refer to Figure5.

Beanng

_r

Removal Rob

RRure 5

POWER SOURCE
WARNING: Do nat connectwood latheto the powersource

untilall assemplysteps have been completed,
The motorisdesignedforoperationontheveltageand IreqnenoJ

spedled.NotTnatloadswillbe handledsafelyan voltagesnot
morethan10% aboveorbelowspecifiedvolage. Ruanklgthe
un! onvoltageswhichare notwthin rangemaycauseoverheat-
n:j and motorburn-out.Heavyloadsrequirethatvoltageat mator
terminalsbe nolessthanIhevoltagespecified on namepla_.

• Powersupplyto the motoriscontrolledbya single polelock-
ingrod_r switch.Rerno_ the kayinthe rockerswitchto pre-

ventunauthorizeduse.

4

GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING: Improper conr_dion d equipmed grounding con-

ductor can ras.J inthe dsk d electrical shod<.Eq_ment should
be grounded while in use to protect operstor from eleddcal shock.

• Check with a qualified elestdcian if grounding instructions
are not understood or i in doubt as to whether the tool is

propedy grounded.

• This tool is equipped with as appmvad 3*conductor cord

rated at 300V and a 3-prong grounding type plug (see Figure

6) for your protection against shock hazards.

pmpedy Grounded Outlet

Grounding Prong

3-prong Plug __

Rgum 6 - 3-1ProngRmceptado

Groundingplugshouldbe plugged directlyinto a properly
installedand grounded3-preeg grounding-typereceptacle,

as shown (Figure6).

• Do not ran'x_e or alter groundingprong in anymanner.In
the eventot a maitunctionor breakdown,groundingpro-

vides a path ot least resistancefor electrical shock.

WARNING: Do notpermit lingers to touchthe terminalsot
plug when installingorremoving lrem outlet.

• Plugmustbe pluggedinto matchingoutistthatis propeby
instaled ond groundedin accordancewith al localcodasand

ordinances.Do notmodly plugprovided.If itwill nO[ft in
outlet,haveproperoutletinstalledby aqual|led electrician.

• Inspecttool cordspedodicellyand if damaged, have them

repairedby an authorizedseP.'iceIacitity.

• Green (orgreen and yellow)conductorin cord isthe
groundingwire.If repairor replacementof the electriccord
or plugis necessary, do not conned the green (orgreen
and yellow)wire to a liveterminal.

• Where a 2-prong wall receptacleisencountered,it mustbe

replacedwith a properlygrounded :)-prongreceptacle
installedin accordancewith National Electdc Code and

local codes and ordinances.

WARNING: This work should be pedormed by e qualified
electrician.

A temporary 3-preng to 2..prenggroundingadapter(see

Figure7) is availableforconsentingplugsto a two pole outlet
ifit isproperlygrounded.

Do notuse a 3-preng to2-preng groundingadaptor unless
permittedby localand national codas and ord'mances.

(A3-prongto 2-prong groundingadapter is not permitted
inCanada,) Where permitted,the rigidgreen tab or term'l-
natonthe side ot the adaptermust be securelyconnected

to a permanent electricalground such as a propedy

groundedwater pipe, a properlygroundedoutlet b_( or a
properlygroundedwire system.

• Many coverplate screws,water pipes and outletbosasare

notproperlygrounded.Toensure proper ground,grounding
means mustbe testedby a qualifiedeleotrician,

Qmunding Lug M_<e Sum

Adspter_ __ConnectedTo

3-Prong Ground

_A Kqown

Rgure 7 - 2-Prong Receptacle with Adapter

EXTENSION CORDS

• The use of any extension cord will cause some drop in
volnge and loss of power.

• Wires of the _tension cord must be ol sutficisnt size to

carry the ourmnt and maintain adequate voltage,

• Use the table to determine the minimum wire size (A.W.G.)

extension cord.

• Use only 3-wire eadenslen cords h_iug 3-prong grounding

type plugs and 3-pob mceptasles which accept the tool plug.

• If the extension cord is worn, cut, or damaged in any way.

replace it immediately.

Extemdon Cord length

Up to 25 tt..................................... 18

NOTE: Using extension cords over 25 It, long is not

recommended.

MOTOR

The wood lathe is assembled with rector and wiring installed.

Horsepower (Maximum Developed) ................... 1

Voltage ................................... 120/240

Amperes ..................................... 814

Hertz ........................................ 60

Phase ..................................... Single

RPM ....................................... 1725

Rotation (viewed Iron', mater shatt) ....... Counterclockwise

L1

120V IPower L2

1

Green

This Is

2-Prong Receptacle

Wire Size A.W.G.

±

Rgure B -Wiling Schemstic

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

WARNING: Make sureunit isoff anddisconnectedfrom
powersourcebesominspectingany wiring.

The motor is installedand wiringconnectedas illustratedin

the widngschematic(see Figure8).

The lathe isprewiredlot useon a 120volt,60HZ powersupply.

The powerst4)plytothe motoris controlledby a singlepole
leddng roder swich.

5

The power lines are inserteddirectly ontothe switch.The
0teen groundline must remain securelyfastenedto the freme

to properlyprotect againstelectricalshock.

• Removethe key to preventunauthorizeduse.

240 VOLT OPERATION

• To use the lathe with a 240V, single-phase pov,,er supply,

have s qualified electrician attach a 240 volt. 15A 3-prong
plug Onto lathe line cord and install the proper connectors

and receptacles to power supply.

• See wiring diagram (Figure 9) for wiring instructions.

C 3 C 2

__L_

C 4 )

L1 1_ _

_ 2 )

L1 240V 1.2

Figure 9 -Wiring S<d'lemallc

Referto Figures10 - 74.
DESCRIPTION

Craftsman 36" variable speed wood lathe providescapability

toturnwoodenworkpieces upto 36' longand 4" diameter.

This lathe can also turn b_wls up to 12" diameterand 4"

thick.The motorrofstosat 1725 RPM and the spindle speeds
are 380-2150 RPM. Outboard spindle allows convenientout-

boardturningof bowls up to 15" diameter.
SPECIFICATIONS

Turninglength (max.) ............................ 38"

Bowldiareeter(max.)............................12"

Overalllength................................. 60_

Overallheight................................. 13"

Width ....................................... 15"

Inboard SpindleSpeed ............... 380 to 2150 RPM

OutboardSpindle Speed ................ 190-1075 RPM

SpindleTaper................................. 1MT

SpindleThreed ................................ 1".-8

TailStock Taper............................... 1MT

Switch ........................... SP, Lockingrocker

Motor .......................... 120/240V, 8/4 AMPS

Weight ................................... 130 bs

WARNING: Operationof any powertoolcan result in foreign

objects being thrown intothe eyes, whichcan result in severe
eye damage. Alwayswear satety gogglescomplyingwith

UnitesStatesANSI Z87.1 (shown onpaskage) before com-
mencingpower tooloperation.Salaty goggles ate available at
Sears retail storesor catalog.

CAUTION: Always Observethe followingsafelyprecautions:
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

• Whenever adjustingor replacinganyparts onthe tool, turn
switchOFF and removetheplug from power source,

• FlesheckallIoddnghandles,Thaymustbe tightensdseoJraly.

• Mak_ sure allmovingparts are free and clear of any
intederence.

• Mal® s_.a'eal fastonarsam tightand have nctvbratedloose.

• With power disconnected,testeperetion by handforclear-
ance and adjustit necessary.

• Always wear eye protectionorface shield.

• Alter turningswitchon, alwaysallow the spindle to come
upto lull speed before turning.

• Be suremeter runscounterclockwisewhen viewing spindle
fromthe rightend (inboardside of headstock).

• Keep handsclear of spindle,centers, faceplates and other
reeving parts of machine.

• For optimum performance,do not stall motoror reduce

speed. Do not forcethe toolinto the work.

ON-OFF SWITCH
Refer to Figure 19.

Power supplyto the lathe iscontrolledby the lockingrocker
switch.To turn latheon:

• Pullred_r snitchupto the ON position.
Toturn lathe _f:

• Switchoff the rockersNitCh.
The rocker switch hase removable_ to preventunsetho-

dzBd use or accidentalstart-up of the lathe.Removingthe kay

will !ock the lathefrom use.
To lock the lathe:

• Switchoffthe rockerswitch.

• Disconnectthe line cordlram powersource.

• Pullout the removablekey.The key has the words,
"Remove to Lock".

• Store key in a sale pla_e

NOTE: With the kay removed,the rockercan be "ROCKED",
butthe switchcannot be actuated,

Tounlockthe Isthe:

• Positionthe rockerin the OFF pneltinn.

• Insertthe key into the rocker,

• Connect line cord to power source.

• The switch cannow be actuated.

• _ Spindle

Rgum 10 RemovableI_ _/ _Roc_erSwltch

CHANGING SPEEDS
Tovaly spindlespeeds, rotatespeed controlImopto the

desiredsetting.The speed label on the headstock shows
inboardspindlespeeds in blackand outboardspindle speeds

in red. Refer tospeed chartfar specific turningoperations.
CAUTION: Changespeeds only while motor is running.

6

SPINDLE TURNING
If you have never done any amountot wood turning,we sug-

gestthatyou practiceusing the variouswood turningtools.
Start witha small spindleturning.

Be sureto studythe follo_vingpages ofthis manuel.They
explainand illustratethe correctuse at the turning tools,the

positioningot the tool rest, and other informationto help you
gaine_pedence.

• Select a plese ot wood 2" x 2" x 12".

• Draw diagonallines on each end to locatethe centers.

Diagonal Unes on
Both Ends

• Observe the speed chart (see page 14). For example, a 2"
square turning uP to 18" long should run at 1100 RPM for
"roughing'. Rotate the wood by hand to make sum that the

corners do not strike tim tool rest and verify that the index-
ing pin is not engaged.

Rgure 11

• On one end, make a saw cut epprosJn'_ely 'A," deep on

each diagonal line,This isfor the spor o_nter,

• The other end uses the bearing center. Place the point ot
the bearing center on the wood where the diagonal lines

cross`

• Drivethe bearingcenter intothe wood.Use a wooden mat-
let or a plastichammer, butput a piece of wood onthe end
ofthe bearing centerto prctect itfrom harm.

Rgum 12

• Remove the bearing center and drivethe spur center into
the otherend of the wood. Make sumthe spurs are inthe
saw cuts. Remove the spur center.

• Make surethe centersand the hole in thespindle and the
tailstock ramare clean. Insert the spurcenter intothe

headstock and the bearing center intothe tail atock.Tsp
them in lightlywith apiece ot wood. Do not drivethem in.

• II the tall stock centeris not ot the ball bearingtype, puta
dropof oil or wax an thewood where itcontactsthe cen-

ter.This willIt_,ricatethe woodwhile it is tumiag.

• Placethe woodbetween the centers andlockthe t6il stock.

• Movethe bearing centerintothe woodbyturningthehand

wheel.Make surethatthe bearingcenterand spur center

=seated"into thewood inthe holesmadeeadier.Rotate

the woodby handwhileturningthe handwheel.

• Adjustthe toolrest approximately',_"away fromthe cor-
nersof the wood and %"shove the centerline. Note the

angledpositionof the tool restbase. Lockthe tool rest

base and the tool rest.

1_ _'

,oo°

Rgure 13

TOOL REST _._

Rgure 14

INDEXING
Referto Figume15,

The spinulepu[k3yhas24 agu_Jlyspaced slots(15° apart).The

irides(pin psssesthroughthe headstockengageswithonect the
24 slotsemdlocksthespindle fromturningwhileyouputamark

on thewod_lec_

iSlots

Rgure lS

Forexample, to locatethe positionot sixflutes on a cylinder:.

• Openthe rearcaver.

• Push indexpin untilthe indexpin engages one ef the 24
slats inthe spindle pulley.

• Adjustthe 12" toolmeatto the centerlineot the workplece
and make e mark.

• Pullindexpin outtorelease pin,Slowly rotate the work-

piece untilpin is located 60" (4 holes) from initial position.
Engage index pin into the pulleyand place another mark

on the workpiece.

• Continuethese stepsuntilthere are 6 marks onthe work-

piece.

• Bowlturningsor wheel turningscan be marked inthe

S_ rn_qReL

WARNING: The indexingpinmustbe disengagedfor all
nther operations on the lathe,

OUTBOARD TURNING
This technique mat_s it possible to do jobs on this machine

that are too large to mount conventionally. It is straight forward
laospiste turning, except, because of the work size, caution
must be talon and speeds must be restricted to minimums. If
you anticipate doing outboard turning you must use a bowl
turning rest (see Recommended Accessories, page 27). The

bowl turning rest is attached to the lathe bed. See Figure 16,
page 8.

7

figure 16 - Bowl Turning Rest

CAUTION: Do not try to push this support when cutting.Do

nottry to mountwork so large that the motor must strain to

turnit. If youwish toexperimentwith thistechnique,do so
with softwoods.Let the heavier, herder wood come later.

USING WOODWORKING CHISELS
SELECTION OF CHISELS

Betterchiselshave handles approximately10" longtoprovide
plentynt gripand leverage.Sharptoolsare essentialIordean,
easywork.Selecttoolsthatwilltake and hold keen edges.

GOUGE SKEW PA_TfNG T_04_

SPEA fl POINT FLATNOSE ROUND NOSE

Figure| 7-The Six CommonlyUsedChimlTypes

THEORY OF TURNING

The two classes ot chisels are those intendedpdmadlyIor
cutting,and chisels used only forscraping,

• The cuttingchisels are the gouge, skew and partingtool.
These are the mostused.They are commonlysharpened

to a razor edge by honingon both sides.

• The scrapingchiselsare the flat n_e, roundnose and

spear point.These are not honedon the flat sides- the

wire edgesproducedby grindingare felt on to aid in the

scrapingprocess.

Cutting Chisel Scraping Chisel

Rgum 18

Cutting and Scraping

• To cut, the chisel is held so that the sharp edge actually

digs into the revolving work to peel otf shavings.

• To scrape, the chisel is held at a dgN angle to the work sur-

lace. This tool remcves fine particles instead of shavings.

Rgure19 Cuttin S "

Many operationsrequirethat the cuttingchiselsbe used for
scraping,but scraping chiselsare practicallynever used for

cutting.Scrapingdullsa chiselmuch faster, especiallythe
razorsharp cuttingchisels.

Cuttingisfaster than scrapingandproduces a smootherfinish
whichrequiresless sanding.However, it isfar more difficultto

master.Scraping, on the other hand, is lar moreprecise and
easier to control.

WhenYou Can Cut andWhanYou Must Scrape
There are twoditlemnt approaches:

• One sppr_ch istowardedrcunfemsce oftheworkpiece_or
exampleturningdowntheoutersurfaced a cylinderor the

innerwalld a hollowroundbex).In thisapproach,thesulfase

hek'igturnedtravelsunderthechisel edgelikean endlessbelt.

• The secondapproachistowardthe diameterd a workpiece

(aswhen turningtheface d afsceplate turning,or the sided
a largeshoulderon a spindleturning).In thisapproach,the

sudscebeingturnedrotatesIke a discunderthechisel edge.

• Sometimesthe optirnum approachwill be a sent)ination of

both methods.

t

Diameter

Approach

Rgum 20
Eithera cuttingor scrapingaction canbe used when the

approachis towarda circumference- the shavingis mmaved
like a peelingfrom a potato.Scraping can only be usedwhen

the approachistowarda diameter.The mason is obvious
whenyou considerthatfaceplate turningpracticallyalways
requires removalof woodacross the grain,Wood does not

peel easily acrossthe grain and attemptsto use any inappro-
pdate cuttingmethodswilllikelymsul in damage tothe work-

piece.There isalso danger thatthe tool couldbe pulledfrom
the hands of the operator.

In general, a cueing actionis used for the majorityof spindle
turningoperations while taceplateturning is usuallyaccom-

plishedby the scrapingmethod.When a combination
approach isto be used, the operator will haveto judge, by the
feel ot the work,when tostopcutting and start scraping.

Never try to cutwhen itbecomes difficultto holdthe chisel
againstthe mughnese ofthe wood grain.

Haw to PosltlonTool Rest for Clrcurnterenoa Cutting

When cutting,the object isto piercethe outer skinof woodto

a certain desireddepthand thento hold the chiselsteady

with the bevel edge parallelto the work cimundemnceso that

itwillpeel oft ashaving at this desired depth,

8

• The only sure methodof holdingthe chisel steady is to

mat the b_velagainst the work(Figure 21A).When the toni
mat is at the proper height, the chiselcan be held withthe
bevelpressed againstthe work, and the tool restwill act
as afulcrum to support the chisel againstthe downward

forceofthe revolvingwork.

• If the rest is placed too low,so that thechisel isheld with

the bevel out from the work (Figure21B), the cuttingedge
will continueto dig deeper intothe work.It will dig inuntil

the "bite" becomes so deep that your hands have difficuly
holdingthe chisel- then the improperlysupportedchisel
will beginto bounce or chatter against the workplace.

• ffthe rest is placed ton low,the chisel mustbe held
extremely high to positionthe bevel against the work

(Figure 21C).Then the rest losesrno_ of itsvalue as a ful-
crumand the downwardforce ofthe revolvingworkplecu

tends tokickthe chiselback out of yourhands.

Fig. 21A Rg, 21B Rg. 21C

ae_ _ S • . F_ Kickback/i
Xhr=, '_ Chan /d" Bev_ Kickba=_.

^_ml B_ _ • [ pelnl

Ctlisel (_jn_g pl_er _ _ R_I Too L

Fig. 21D I_ Fig, 21E RI_ 21F

..... _I_R_ I Handle e

TooHi_

Olbd TOU H G'lz_m d TOO Itl_h

No aJp_xt

Fig, 22A

• ioe

c

figure 22

• Figure 22A showsthe chiselactionwith the rest correctly

positioned.

How to PoalUon Chisel and Rest for Diameter Scraping
When scraping on the diameter, that portico of sudase tothe

right of center is moving upward (Figure 23A). if a chisel is
placed in this area, it will simply be carrisd up oft the rest and

out of your hands.

• All diameter approach aparations must be done st the k_t
of center,

Three differentchiselcontactpoints are shownin Figure 23B.

Itwill be notedthatwhen a chisel is abovethe workpieoscen-

ter (or belowit) the work sudase sweeps pastthe chisel edge

at an angle and tendsto carry the chisel in one directionor

the otheralongthe rest.

• Onlywhenthe chisel centasts the work on the cehtedine,
doesthework surfacepass squarelyunderthe chisel
edge.This, then, is the positioninwhich it is easiest to
holdthe chiselsteady.To abtain thisposition,placethe
restagpreximataly 'k" (thicknessof chisel)balsw center.

Fill- 2SA FI w. 23B

Rest Too D_IW31 * ChbalToo High
P_nl Too Fat From Rmt

Fig. 21G

Rgure 21

Ifthe restis placedton high (Figure21D) and the chisel is
correctlyposlioned tar cutting,itstdkes the workplecunear

the top where the directionof torceeKartedbytheworkplace

isnearly horizontal- and kickbackwillagain result.

• Ifthe rest isplaced too far out Iromthe work surface

(Figure21E), then, when correctlyheld, the chisel is again
tonhighon the work.Also, you hawetessleverage on your
side of the tool restand it is even more difficultto hold the

chisel.With largediameter work(Figure21F), the tool rest
canbe abovethe workplece centedine,and sornewhal out
from thework sudace,With small diameterwork (Figure
21G), the restshouldbe closerto thework surface.As
workgrows smaller,the restshouldbe mpositioned.

How to Po_ltlon Tool Rest for Clmunfference Soraplng
In scrapingoperations,the tool restpositionis not as critical

as it isfor cuttingoperations.

• The chisel generally is held horizontally,though itcan be
held at an angle to reach intotightplaces,Considering that

the wire edge ofthe chisel does the scraping,Figures 22B
and 22(3 showthe resultsof ton low or ton high a position

forthe rest.

Uw_

R

Rgum 23

UISING THE GOUGE

Three gouges, the 'k,',_and =k"sizes, are adequateforgener-

al hornesheptumieg, Other sizes from 'k to 2" can be pur-

chased to provide more IleKibinty.

The chief use ofthe gouge is for roughcircumfarenoscutting

ofraw stock down to a cylinderofworfdngsize.It is best to
usethis toolfor rapidcuttingaway of large areas of the work-
piece.When the tool is used thisway, it doesnot producea

smoothsudace,With practice,the gougecan be usedforcut-
tingcovesand the shapingof longcats.

CuttingEdge

P_fflt

Hgum 24

• When ussdfor o-tting,thegougeisalwaysheldwiththecon-

veKsidedown.It should he rolledapprodmatel),30=to 45_ in

thedirectioninwhich| is beingadvancedalongthe restand
thecuttingedge shouldhe slightlyaheadct thehandle.

9