A-2000™/ D-2000™ PVC Pipe for Storm Sewers and Drainage
Knowledge. Solutions. Service.
Selecting Performance Storm Sewers
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PVC
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HDPE
PVC
and Drainage Systems
Drainage systems are required to meet multiple criteria.
The choice of a particular material depends upon a
number of factors; however, the best choice is the one
that yields the best performance over the project life cycle.
Thermoplastic Storm Sewer and Drainage Pipe
In recent years, the use of thermoplastic pipe for
stormwater drainage systems has gained wide
acceptance—based upon performance and economic
advantages when contrasted with more conventional
drainage pipe materials. However, when it comes to
performance, not all thermoplastic storm sewer
pipes are equal. There are distinct differences between
A-2000/D-2000 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) drainage pipe
and other drainage pipes that can affect overall pipe
system performance.
Strength
CONTECH's
PVC compound
provides 6 times
greater long-term
material stiffness as
compared to HDPE
resin. And UNLIKE M294
HDPE pipe, it has a minimum
46 pipe stiffness for ALL diameters.
Better Deflection Control
Minimum Specified Pipe Stiffness (73o)
CONTECH® A-2000 PVC Drainage Pipe:
Available in Diameters 4”-36” and 12.5’, 14’ and
22’ lengths.
Originally developed in the early 1980’s, A-2000 has
built an outstanding performance history that‘s setting the
standard for gravity flow, sanitary sewer applications. The
material advantages offered by PVC—plus the innovative,
double wall design with the unique, patented gasketed
joint system—makes A-2000 and more recently D-2000
the ideal choice for stormwater drainage systems. Now
you can have all of the advantages without the limitations
of AASHTO M294 corrugated HDPE (M294 HDPE pipe)
or reinforced concrete pipe.
18” PVC – HDPE Wall Sections
Compact A-2000 PVC profile is stable and not
subject to local buckling like M294 HDPE pipe.
2
Pipe Diameter PVC
12 46 50
15 46 42
18 46 40
24 46 34
30 46 28
36 46 22
Pipe Stiffness Retention vs. Temperature
Percent of Stiffness
Pipe Wall Temperature – Degrees F
ASTM F949
PVC
Corrugated AASHTO
M294
Non reinforced HDPE
When compared to other
thermoplastic pipes on the
market, A-2000 stands up to
the test. In fact, it comes out on
top.
When installed in accordance
with ASTM D2321, A-2000 provides
excellent shape control (performance).
Simple surface temperature measurements on
sun-exposed pipe surfaces indicate that under normal
temperatures, black M294 HDPE pipe approaches 140˚F,
while lighter color white pipe reaches temperatures in the
range of 120˚F. The difference between effective pipe
stiffness of PVC and M294 HDPE pipe during construction
on a summer day can result in A-2000 being as much as
3 TIMES STIFFER. This significant stiffness advantage
means A-2000 can be installed with conventional flexible
pipe practice and not experience excessive shape distortions
- lowering installation cost.
Heights of Cover
Based on research done under the National Cooperative
Highway Research Program, AASHTO has revised
its plastic pipe design methods. AASHTO Section 12
designs now include wall profile stability, soil arching
and deflection as design considerations. Unstable wall
profiles will fail due to local buckling rather than by ring
compression or ring buckling. This research demonstrates
that A-2000 profile walls are stable while others, like
those used for M294 HDPE pipe, are not.
When selecting a system based on pipe stiffness,
material strength and structural capability,
A-2000 PVC far exceeds the performance
characteristics of M294 HDPE pipe.
A comparison of cover heights using AASHTO design
methodology and H20 live loading for A-2000 and a major
manufacturer’s M294 HDPE pipe are summarized below.
A-2000 vs. M294 HDPE Heights of Cover
Pipe Type/ Allowable Allowable Min. Min.
Specification Ht. of Cover Structural Compaction Trench
Backfill
PVC A-2000 - ASTM F949 1’-20’ A1A, A1, A3 90% 1.5 X O.D. +12”
A2-4, A2-5
21’-35’ A1A, A1, A3 95% 1.5 X O.D. +12”
AASHTO M294 HDPE 1’-10’ A1A, A1, A3 95% O.D. + 36”
11’-20’ A1A 95% 3.0 x O.D.
21’-35’ Not Allowed
3
Hydraulic Efficiency
PVC vs. Concrete Pipe
Thermoplastic pipes, with smoother interiors and fewer
joints, reduce resistance to flow and are hydraulically
more efficient than conventional (i.e. RCP) storm drainage
pipe materials. Flow testing conducted in 2002 by the
Utah Water Research Laboratory concluded A-2000 PVC
Pipe, with its inner wall formed over a polished mandrel,
has the lowest wall friction factor (Manning’s “n” = .009)
of any thermoplastic pipe available and offers real
advantages compared to RCP (n = .012- .013). This
added efficiency means A-2000 can be designed as a
smaller and less expensive pipe, with less excavation due
to flatter pipe slopes and less manhole/junction box depth
requirements.
A-2000 PVC pipe has a smooth, glossy
PVC vs. Corrugated HDPE Pipe
Hydraulic tests performed at a major United States
Water Research Laboratory led researchers to conclude
that corrugated M294 HDPE pipe’s “n” factor varied
“depending upon the smoothness of the liners” and “the
bonding of the liner to the corrugations made the pipe
interior somewhat wavy.” Once installed, corrugated
M294 HDPE pipe walls are subject to local buckling
(NCHRP Report 438) and the measured waviness
increases with load. Using the method derived to estimate
the effective Manning’s “n” factor, Manning’s “n” values
of 0.017-0.022 provide a more accurate representation
of M294 HDPE pipe’s hydraulic efficiency when in-service
and under load.
A-2000 PVC pipe, with its engineered, stable profile, is
designed to eliminate local buckling.
interior for uninterrupted flow.
Durability, Service Life
PVC materials used in the manufacture of gravity flow
pipe offer excellent resistance to conventional corrosion
and abrasion. In fact, profile wall PVC pipe has been
shown to have better abrasion resistance than reinforced
concrete pipe in side-by-side laboratory testing at
California State University.
PVC and M294 HDPE pipe do not provide equal
long-term durability performance. Under loading or
localized tensile stress, M294 HDPE pipe is subject to
environmental stress cracking—also known as slow crack
growth.
PVC pipe is not threatened by this type of cracking. When
you consider durability and service life, A-2000 PVC
far exceeds the performance characteristics of M294
HDPE pipe. (See the National Cooperative Highway
Research Program study conducted by Drexel University,
March, 1999: ”HDPE Pipe: Recommended Material
Specifications and Design Requirements”.)
4
The Need for Tight Joints
Storm sewers have always presented special needs
for tight jointing systems. Because of their function,
they are subject to rapidly changing flow levels. The
sudden rise and fall of flow levels leaves storm sewers
susceptible to backfill migration into the sewer unless
tight joints are used. This loss of backfill reduces the
soil support of the pipe and causes settlement at the
surface. Where storm sewers are below the existing
water table, water tight joints are needed to prevent
infiltration and maintain storm sewer capacity.
A-2000’s long, 22' lengths and soil/water tight joints
clearly make it the preferred choice with regard to
system tightness. In comparison, RCP has shorter
lengths and more joints. RCP joints are also often
mortared or "mudded in" vs. watertight gasketed
joints, which can lead to future service problems as
cracking at the seams/joints permits water and soil
migration and eventual settlement. And with A-2000
you don’t have to specify special jointing requirements
– watertight gasketed joints are standard with A-2000.
Handling and Installation
A-2000’s easy handling weight and the availability
of up to 22' lay lengths often result in reduced labor
costs and more economical installation. Compared
to heavy-weight and short-length RCP, PVC can be
installed with greater ease and lower cost. And,
contrasted to M294 HDPE pipe, PVC has added
beam strength—which means better line and grade
control, increasing crew efficiency. Plus, PVC requires
less trench width, lowering excavation costs and
speedy installation.
The Performance Choice
With the increasing demands on our drainage and
storm sewer systems, products designed and proven
to provide the best performance over the project
life cycle are needed. A-2000 PVC drainage pipe
offers all of the initial cost advantages associated
with thermoplastic pipe when compared with RCP
but without the performance limitations of corrugated
M294 HDPE pipe. There’s no reason to compromise
on performance—Select A-2000 PVC: The Best
Storm Sewer and Drainage Pipe on the Planet.
CONTECH’s A-2000 PVC pipe is
lightweight and easy to handle.
Best Pipe on the Planet
5
The New D-2000
Responding to customer demand, CONTECH has introduced its latest solution
for the small diameter drainage market. D-2000 PVC pipe, available in 4”36” diameters, answers the need for a high performance PVC drainage pipe
at a price that is more competitive with corrugated M294 HDPE pipe. D-2000
is manufactured to meet and exceed the minimum pipe stiffness requirements
of AASHTO M304 (vs. ASTM F949 for A-2000), resulting in a lighter weight,
lower cost PVC pipe. Don’t be fooled, D-2000 still offers many performance
advantages over M294 HDPE including:
Higher effective pipe stiffness on warm, sunny days, resulting in superior
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deflection control and simplified installation procedures.
Cover limits ranging from 12 inches minimum to over 20 feet maximum.
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Greater beam strength for improved line and grade control.
•
Smoother interior wall for improved hydraulic capacity.
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Superior short-term and long-term inground joint tightness - where it counts.
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Improved post installation test results (deflection, air and laser testing).
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D-2000 Mechanical Properties
INITIAL
Cell Class Minimum Tensile
Strength
12454 7,000 PSI 400,000 PSI
12364 6,000 PSI 440,000 PSI
50 YEAR
Cell Class Minimum Tensile
Strength
12454 3,700 PSI 140,000 PSI 5%
12364 2,600 PSI 158,400 PSI 3.5%
100 YEAR
Cell Class Minimum Tensile
Strength
12454 3,620 PSI 125,600 PSI 5%
Minimum Modulus of
Elasticity
Minimum
Modulus of
Allowable
Long-Term
Elasticity
Minimum
Modulus of
Allowable
Long-Term
Elasticity
Strain
Strain
D-2000 Section Properties
Size
Inside
(in)
Dia. (in)
4 3.95 4.29 0.702 0.106 0.00021 46
6 5.88 6.41 0.876 0.161 0.00070 46
8 7.87 8.59 1.18 0.218 0.00175 46
10 9.84 10.78 1.48 0.394 0.00359 46
12 11.72 12.80 1.80 0.325 0.00603 46
15 14.37 15.66 1.90 0.397 0.00957 38
18 17.61 19.15 1.99 0.516 0.01314 32
24 23.53 25.58 2.68 0.680 0.03195 24
30 29.47 32.15 3.96 0.813 0.08372 19
36 35.48 38.74 4.74 0.992 0.14606 16
* Extreme fiber distance from neutral axis.
Outside
Dia. (in)
Area
(in2/foot)
C* I (in4/
in)
PSI
(min)
6
Additional A-2000 Products and
Applications
A-2000 for Roof Drainage Systems
Managing large volumes of stormwater runoff from roof
areas of industrial, commercial and warehouse facilities
is more demanding than for most gravity-fed sewer
systems. Additionally, intense rainfalls, combined with
added building height, can create hydrostatic pressures
within the pipe as well as on the joints and other system
components. To handle these requirements, you need
the higher strength and joint tightness of A-2000 PVC
drainage pipe. CONTECH’s full line of readily-available
adapters and fittings makes connecting downspouts and
laterals simple. Because of the unique gasket and bell
design, there is no field beveling required.
A2™ Liner Pipe for Trenchless Rehabilitation
Renew the performance of your aging underground
infrastructure with A2 Liner Pipe—the proven, trenchless
solution to sliplining existing sewers and culverts. Using
the double wall A-2000 design, CONTECH developed
A2 Liner Pipe for sliplining deteriorating pipelines where
open trenching is not practical or desirable. You can
install A2 Liner Pipe in diameters ranging from 12”-36”
and in lengths from 2.5’ to 20’—speeding installation.
And because of its light weight, you can use smaller, less
expensive equipment for installation—reducing costs.
A-2000 Perforated Pipe for Subdrainage Systems
CONTECH A-2000 offers several critical features
and benefits that make it the performance choice for
subsurface drainage systems:
• 46 psi pipe stiffness for structural stability and improved
deflection control.
• Glossy smooth interior for improved hydraulic capacity.
• PVC rigidity that provides essential beam strength for
improved line and grade control during installation.
• Positive-gasketed jointing system.
Standard perforations for 4”-18” diameters are slots,
while perforations for pipe sizes 21”-36” are circular 3/8”
diameter (.375”) holes. Fully perforated A-2000 is also
available for even greater open area.
Perforation Dimensions
Pipe Size
(in)
10 2.187L x 0.031W 8.83 1.98
12 1.687L x 0.051W 1.03 2.00
15 1.250L x 0.051W 1.38 2.00
18 2.250L x 0.051W 1.38 2.00
21 0.375 Diameter 1.60 3.30
24 0.375 Diameter 1.90 2.70
30 0.375 Diameter 2.32 2.20
36 0.375 Diameter 2.61 2.00
Slot Dimension/Hole
Size (in) (min)
4 1.062L x 0.031W 0.42 1.90
6 1.375L x 0.031W 0.52 1.98
8 1.750L x 0.031W 0.69 1.90
Centers
(in)
Perforation Open
Area (in2/LF)
7
A-2000 Specifications
RECYCLED
PAPER
Constant Stiffness Thermoplastic Pipe
1.0 PIPE: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) storm sewer/drain
pipe and fittings shall be manufactured and tested in
accordance with ASTM F949.
2.0 MATERIAL AND DESIGN: The structural design of
thermoplastic pipes shall be in accordance with AASHTO
Section 12 titled: “Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners.”
To ensure long-term design strength properties, PVC pipe
shall be manufactured from 12454 cell class material per
ASTM D1784. Pipe and fittings shall have a minimum
pipe stiffness of 46 lbs./in./in., when tested in accordance
with ASTM D2412.
CONTECH Construction Products Inc. provides site solutions
for the civil engineering industry. CONTECH’s portfolio
includes bridges, drainage, retaining walls, sanitary sewer,
stormwater, erosion control and soil stabilization products.
3.0 JOINTING SYSTEM: Joints shall be an integral
bell-gasketed joint. When the joint is assembled, it shall
prevent misalignment of adjacent pipes and form either
a soil tight joint (2 psi hydrostatic test per AASHTO
Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Section
26.4.2.4) or a watertight joint (10.8 psi test per ASTM
D3212 titled: “Standard Specification for Joints for Drain
and Sewer Plastic Pipes using Flexible Elastomeric Seals’)
as required.
4.0 HYDRAULICS CAPACITY: The PVC Pipe covered in
this section shall provide a Manning’s “n” value of .009.
5.0 INSTALLATION: Thermoplastic pipe and fittings
shall be installed in strict accordance with ASTM D2321
or AASHTO Section 30.
For more information, call one of CONTECH’s Regional Offices
located in the following cities:
Ohio (Corporate Office) 513-645-7000
California (Long Beach) 562-733-0733
Colorado (Denver) 720-587-2700
Florida (Tampa) 727-544-8811
Georgia (Atlanta) 770-409-0814
Maine (Scarborough) 207-885-9830
Maryland (Baltimore) 410-740-8490
Oregon (Portland) 503-258-3180
Texas (Dallas) 972-590-2000
Visit our web site: www.contech-cpi.com
800.338.1122
NOTHING IN THIS CATALOG SHOULD BE CONSTRUED AS AN EXPRESSED WARRANTY
OR AN IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. SEE THE CONTECH STANDARD CONDITION OF SALES (VIEWABLE AT
WWW.CONTECH-CPI.COM/COS) FOR MORE INFORMATION.
REV-9 6M 1/10 MC
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