Installation and Configuration Guide
for Linux
Trademark Notices
Comtrol and DeviceMaster are trademarks of Comtrol Corporation. RocketPort is a registered trademark of
Comtrol Corporation.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Other product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective
owners.
URL References
All URLs in this document worked at the time of publication. Due to the nature of web sites, some links may
not work, and you may need to search their site to locate the referenced information.
Second Edition, October 15, 2003
Copyright © 2002 - 2003. Comtrol Corporation.
All Rights Reserved.
Comtrol Corporation makes no representations or warranties with regard to the contents of this do cument or
to the suitability of the Comtrol product for any particular purpose. Specifications subject to change without
notice. Some software or features may not be available at the time of publication. Contact your reseller for
current product information.
Document Number: 2000296 Rev. B
Table of Contents
Installation and Setup ........................................................................................................................7
Audience.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Product Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Installation...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Initial Hardware Installation to Configure the ATS-LNX..........................................................................................8
Connecting Optional Devices to the ATS-LNX ............................................................................................................9
Powering on and Configuring the ATS-LNX................................................................................................................9
Webmin .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Hints and Tips .................................................................................................................................... 12
Telnet and FTP.............................................................................................................................................12
Enabling Telnet and FTP Servers..............................................................................................................................12
Removing Telnet and FTP Packages..........................................................................................................................12
PARALLEL Port Information................................................................................................................... 12
Windows SSH Client ................................................................................................................................... 13
Installing and Adding Packages .............................................................................................................. 13
PC104 RocketPort Option................................................................................................................14
Configuring the RocketPort PC104 Serial Ports ....................................... .......................................... 14
Connecting Serial Devices ........................................................................................................................ 15
RocketPort Serial Port Connectors ........................................................................................................15
DB9 Connectors...........................................................................................................................................................15
Building Additional DB9 Loopback Plugs..................................................................................................................15
DB25 Connectors.........................................................................................................................................................16
Building Additional DB25 Loopback Plugs................................................................................................................16
RJ45 Connectors..........................................................................................................................................................16
Building Additional RJ45 Loopback Plugs.................................................................................................................16
Building an RS-485 Test Cable...................................................... .................................. ..... ......................................17
Building Null-Modem Cables......................................................................................................................................17
Building Straight-Through Cables .............................................................................................................................17
Testing Serial Ports .................................................................................................................................... 17
lcom(1) ..........................................................................................................................................................................17
File Transfer.................................................................................................................................................................17
Changing Serial Port Settings (stty)...........................................................................................................................18
Setting Up Terminals and Modems (mgetty, getty)...................................................................................................18
PCMCIA Network Cards ..................................................................................................................19
Network Card Installation and Configuration.............................. .......................................................19
ESSID and Encryption Key (802.11)..........................................................................................................................19
IP Configuration (802.11 and Ethernet).....................................................................................................................19
AUX A Port .......................................................................................................................................... 22
Using the AUX A Port as a Standard tty Por t.......................................................................................22
Modem Initialization .................................................................................................................................. 22
CONSOLE Por t.. .. .. .. .. .............. .. .. .. .. ... .. ............. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... ............. .. .. .. ... .. .. ............. ... .. .. .. . ................23
Using the CONSOLE Port as a Standard TTY Port............................ .................................................23
Troubleshooting and Technical Support .....................................................................................24
Troubleshooting Checklist........................................................................................................................ 24
Using the Recovery CD .............................................................................................................................. 24
Customer Support Policy .......................................................................................................................... 26
Technical Support......................................................................... .............................................................. 26
Table of Contents 3
Table of Contents
Appendix A. Connectors...................................................................................................................27
VGA Connector............................................................................................................................................. 27
PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse Connectors................................................................................................... 27
Ethernet Connectors .................................................................................................................................. 27
USB Interfaces ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Compact Flash Disk Connector ............................................................................................................... 28
AUX A and CONSOLE Port Connectors ................................................................................................. 29
PARALLEL Port........................................................................................................................................... 29
Serial Ports 1-8 Connector (Optional) ................................ .................................................................... 30
Appendix B. Specifications and Notices ......................................................................................31
Product Specifications............................................................................................................................... 31
Electromagnetic Compliances................................................... ..... ...... ..... ...... ...... ......................................................31
Environmental Condition Specifications....................................................................................................................32
Hardware Specifications..............................................................................................................................................32
Technical Specifications..............................................................................................................................................32
Default Operating System Configuration.............................................................................................. 33
Installed Packages.......................................................................................................................................................33
Additional Installed Packages...................... ...... .................................. ..... ...... ...... ..... .................................................37
Kernel Configuration.................................... ...... .................................. ..... ...... ...... ..... .................................................38
File Systems.................................................................................................................................................................45
PCMCIA/USB Package Supported...........................................................................................................45
Ethernet Cards.............................................................................................................................................................45
Fast Ethernet (10/100baseT) Adapters.......................................................................................................................49
Ethernet Cards - Not Recommended..........................................................................................................................51
Token-Ring Adapters...................................................................................................................................................52
Wireless Network Adapters.........................................................................................................................................52
Modem and Serial Cards.............................................................................................................................................53
Modem and Serial Cards - Not Supported..................................................................................................................53
Parallel Port Cards.................................. ..... .................................. ...... ..... ...... ............................................................53
Memory Cards..............................................................................................................................................................54
SCSI Adapters..............................................................................................................................................................54
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) Cards.......................................................................................................................................55
Multifunction Ethernet/Modem Cards .......................................................................................................................55
Multifunction Ethernet/Modem Cards - Not Recommended.....................................................................................56
ATA/IDE Card Drives.............................. ..... ...... .................................. ..... ...... ...... ..... .................................................56
ATA/IDE Interface Cards.................................................... ...... ................................. ...... ..... ......................................56
ATA/IDE CD-ROM and DVD Adapters......................................................................................................................57
ATA/IDE Interface - Not Supported ............................................................... ............................................................57
Notices............................................................................................................................................................58
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) (FCC 15.105).............................................. ..... ...... ...........................................58
Labeling Requirements (FCC 15.19)........................................................................................................................... 58
Modifications (FCC 15.21)......................................................................... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...........................................58
Serial Cables (FCC 15.27)...........................................................................................................................................58
Underwriters Laboratory............................................................................................................................................58
Important Safety Information.....................................................................................................................................59
Appendix C. lcom(1) .......................................................................................................................... 60
Name............................................................................................................................................................... 60
Synopsis.........................................................................................................................................................60
Description.................................................................................................................................................... 60
Channel Modes.............................................................................................................................................................60
Options .........................................................................................................................................................................60
Command Line Examples............................................................................................................................................61
Channel Window.......................................................................................................................................... 62
Operation....................................................................................................................................................... 63
Environment................................................................................................................................................. 64
FTP Location................................................................................................................................................ 64
Appendix D. Changing the WatchDog Timer ..............................................................................65
Appendix E. Default System Values.............................................................................................. 67
Default Device Names ................................................................................................................................ 67
System I/O Address Map ........................................................................................ .................................... 67
First MB Memory Map............................................................................... ................................................. 68
Table of Contents 4
Table of Contents
Appendix F. Changing BIOS Configuration................................................................................69
Getting Started ............................................................................................................................................ 69
Standard CMOS Setup ............................................................................................................................... 70
BIOS Features Setup .................................................................................................................................. 70
Chipset Features Setup.............................................................................................................................. 71
Power Management Setup ........................................................................................................................71
PNP/PCI Configuration.............................................................................................................................. 72
Load BIOS Defaults..................................................................................................................................... 73
Load Setup Defaults............................................. ....................................................................................... 73
Integrated Peripherals............................................................................................................................... 74
Supervisor Password and User Password.............................................................................................74
SVGA Setup Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 75
Index .....................................................................................................................................................76
Table of Contents 5
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 6
Audience
Installation and Setup
This section discusses the following topics:
• Audience
• Product overview.
• Installing the hardware.
• Configuring the network settings on the ATS-LNX.
• Setting up remote management.
The DeviceMaster ATS-LNX requires that you have a working knowledge and
familiarity with the Linux operating system including areas such as:
• System administration
• Network configuration
• Operating system installation
Product Overview
Installation
The DeviceMaster ATS-LNX is a standalone, user-programmable microcomputer
designed to run Linux applications in a solid-state environment. The ATS-LNX
model provides built-in Ethernet connectivity and is designed for remote
deployment and management of local programs and the attached serial devices.
The ATS-LNX is designed as a deployment platfo rm, not a development platform.
The solid-state compa ct fl ash t ec hnolo gy does not supp ort an unl imi ted numb er of
writes. Whi le deve lopment co uld be done on the A TS -LNX, i t is recommend ed tha t
application development is conducted on a different machine and the resulting
application moved to and tested on the ATS-LNX.
The ATS-LNX is running Comtrol Corporation’s customized version of t he Debian
3.0 operating s ys te m. S ee A ppendix B.
31 for detailed default system information.
If you are unfamiliar with using an embedded operating system, you should
review information about the operating system before installation. Please refer to
the existing documentation provided by Debian at
Installation of the hardwa re may vary depending on t he configuration yo u ordered
from Comtrol. Although the ATS-LNX can be placed in a remote location, you will
need to configure the ATS-LNX before it is placed into service.
Use the following procedures to setup the DeviceMaster ATS-LNX.
Note: If you need pin out information about any of the connectors on the ATS-
LNX, see Appendix A.Connectors
Specifications and Notices starting on Page
http://www.debian.org.
starting on Page 27.
Installation and Setup 7
Initial Hardware Installation to Configure the ATS-LNX
Initial Hardware
Installation to
Configure the ATSLNX
1. Place the DeviceMaster ATS-LNX on a stable
surface or attach it to a suitable surface
using the mounting brackets shipped with
the device.
2. Verify that the compact flash is fully
inserted. When installed correctly, the
compact flash is recessed into the ATS-LNX
and the eject button protrudes about 1/4
inch. If necessary, without using excessive
force or sharp objects, seat the compact flash
in its socket. Too much force can damage the
device.
3. Use one of the following methods to set up communications:
ASCII Terminal
You can use a VT100 compati bl e te rmin al to perform the system configuration.
a. Configure the terminal for these port attributes:
• Bits per second = 57600
• Data bits = 8
•Parity = None
•Stop bits = 1
• Flow control = None
b. Connect the ASCII te rminal to the CONSOLE port.
PC COM Port
You can connect the ATS-LNX to a PC COM port to perform the system
configuration.
a. Connect a null-modem cable from a COM port on a PC or laptop to the port
labeled CONSOLE on the ATS-LNX. See AUX A and CONSOLE Port
Connectors on Page 29 for connector information.
b. Start a terminal program, for example, Minicom and configure the
following port attributes:
• Bits per second = 57600
• Data bits = 8
•Parity = None
•Stop bits = 1
• Flow control = None
Monitor and Keyb oard
You can connect a standard monitor and keyboard to perform the system
configuration.
a. Connect the 15-pin monitor cable from a standard VGA monitor to the
VGA connector.
b. Connect a standard PS/2 compatible keyboard (6-pin mini DIN) into the
KEYBOARD co nnector or a USB keyboard to one of the USB ports.
c. Optionally, connect a PS/2 compatible mouse (6-pin mini DIN) into the
MOUSE connector or a USB mouse to one of the USB ports.
Network
You can configure the ATS-LNX thro ugh the network, if you can communicate
to one of the default IP addresses. Connect an Ethernet cable between the port
that corresponds to the IP address to which you want to communicate and a
NIC or Ethernet hub.
• eth0: 192.168.255.252 (port labeled Ethernet #2)
Installation and Setup 8
Connecting Optional Devices to the ATS-LNX
• eth1: 192.168.250.251 (port labeled Ethernet #1)
Connecting Optional
Devices to the ATSLNX
Powering on and Configuring the ATS-LNX
Connect the devices appropriate for how you plan to use the ATS-LNX:
1. T o dial-in and manage the ATS-LNX through a modem, connect an external
modem to the AUX A connector of the ATS-LNX.
If you want to connect a serial device (other than a modem) to this port, see
Using the AUX A Port as a Standard tty Port
on Page 22 to change the default
port set up.
2. If you want to connect a parallel printer to the system, connect the printer
cable to the PARALLEL connector.
Note: Go to www.debian.org to download a print spooler or printer driver.
3. Optionally, insert a PCMCIA device into one of the PCMCIA slots. See
PCMCIA/USB Package Supported
on Page 45 for detailed information.
4. Optionally, connect up two USB devices to the USB ports.
5. If the PC104 RocketPort
®
option is installed, connect the PC104 RocketPort
cable (quad- or octacable) to the SERIAL PORTS 1-8 connector.
Note: If you have the PC104 RocketPort card option installed, do not connect
any RS-422 or RS-485 devices to the serial ports until you have
configured the driver.
After connecting the cables and devices , yo u can power on the A TS-LN X and log in
to the operating system.
1. Connect the power cable in to the power supply and connect the power supply
(with the latch and key up) into the POWER connector.
2. Connect the power cable to a power source.
Note: The system beeps during the power on cycle. If you have the RocketPort
PC104 option installed, solid yellow Tx LEDs also indicate that you
have power to the unit.
3. If connected to the CONSOLE port, press any key when this message appears:
Press key to activate this console.
4. Select the kernel that you want to run:
• /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-comtrol-dm-ats (VGA) - Default
Boots a kernel that has been compiled specifically for the ATS-LNX
platform, which selects the VGA graphics adapter as the system console.
• /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-comtrol-dm-ats (serial)
Same kernel as the above selection, but the CONSOLE serial port is
selected as the system console.
• /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-bf2.4
Boots the standard bf2.4 kernel distributed by the Debian project, which
selects the VGA adapter as the system console.
In all three cases, kernel messages are sent to both the serial and VGA
consoles. The system console selection controls which device is used by
daemons and the syslog facility . You can modify the console settings by editing
the /boot/grub/menu.lst file.
5. Log in as root at the Debian prompt. The default system password is
devicemaster and it is case-sensitive.
Installation and Setup 9
Webmin
6. Change the default system password.
dm-ats:~# passwd
Enter new UNIX password: [
Retype new UNIX password: [
passwd: password updated successfully
dm-ats:~#
enter new_password
retype new_password
]
]
7. Run the ./newsshkeys.sh shell script in the user root home directory, which
automatically ge n e rate s a ne w SSH key.
Note: All ATS-LNX units are shipped with the same default SSH key. If you
do not change the key, somebody else will be able to decry pt yo ur SSH
traffic.
8. Run the ./netconfig.sh shell script in the user root home directory to configure
the network settin gs on the ATS-LNX. The default network settings are:
• eth0: 192.168.255.252 (Ethernet #2)
• eth1: 192.168.250.251 (Ethernet #1)
Note: The ATS-LNX provides Ethernet ports that function as two independent
Ethernet network interface cards.
Webmin
See Network Card Installation and Configuration
on Page 19 for
PCMCIA network configuration
9. Edit the /etc/resolv.conf file to modify the IP address.
10. Confirm that the /etc/nsswit c h.conf file contains this line:
hosts: files dns
11. Connect Ethernet cables to the ports that you configured.
PCMCIA knock-out re moved,
if option ordered
SERIAL PORTS 1-8 connector and fanout
cable, if RocketPort PC104 option ordered.
eth1 eth0
12. Ping the ATS-LNX to verify proper network configuration.
The ATS-LNX is shipped with the Webmin remote administration package http://
www.webmin.net/. It listens for https connections on Port 10000. If you plan on
leaving Webmin on the system, you should change the default root Webmin
password.
Use this procedure to change the root Webmin password from a remote PC.
1. Point your browser at: https://
dm-ats:10000/
where dm-ats is the IP address or host name of the ATS-LNX.
Depending on your browser, you may get a security alert and be advised that
the device does not have a security certificate.
2. Log in as root; devicemaster is the default Webmin password and it is casesensitive.
Installation and Setup 10
Webmin
3. Under the Webmin tab, select Webmin Users.
4. In the left column of the user list, select root.
5. Enter a new password in the Password field and select the Save button at bottom of page.
Note: If you want to remove Webmin you can use the shell script uninstall-webmin.sh
found in the user root home directory. When removing Webmin (or other
packages) you can ignore warnings about non-empty directories.
Installation and Setup 11
Telnet and FTP
Hints and Tips
This section discusses the following topics:
• Telnet and ftp (servers and clients)
• Parallel port information
• Installing and adding packages
•Default device names
The ATS-LNX is shipped with telnet and ftp client and server packages installed.
However, the telnet and ftp servers and the ft p c lie nt hav e b een dis abl ed since the
ssh package provides the same functionality in a much more secure manner.
Note: The ftp client is enabled by default.
Enabling Telnet and FTP Servers
Removing Telnet and FTP Packages
To enable the telnet and ftp servers, use the following commands:
# update-inetd --enable telnet
# update-inetd --enable ftp
By default, you can not ftp to root, a user must be created with the proper
permissions.
To remove the telnet or ftp server packages entirely use the following commands:
# dpkg --purge wu-ftp
# dpkg --purge telnetd
To remove the telnet and ftp client package:
# dpkg --purge telnet
# dpkg --purge ftp
PARALLEL Port Information
The parallel port works as-is, and you can send data to a printer using commands
like:
# echo "Hi there" >/dev/lp0
# cat myfile.txt >/dev/lp0
If you want print-spooling (queuing of print jobs) you have to download a package
(e.g. lpr). If you w ant to b e a ble t o print graphi cs o r u se diffe rent fonts, you have to
download a graphics converter for your printer (usually the ghostscript package is
used, possibly with another package that automatically detects the format of files
to be printed).
Hints and Tips 12
Windows SSH Client
You can use PuTTY as a Windows ssh or telnet client, which can be found at:
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
The http://linux.rice.edu/help/tips-ssh.html
clients.
Installing and Adding Packages
To install packages from the main Debian archive at ftp://ftp.debian.org:
1. Verify that the network is configured (including DNS server) so that you have
http access to the server ftp.debian.org with the command:
# telnet ftp.debian.org http
2. Connect to the server by typing GET and pressing the Enter key. You should
see something like this:
# telnet ftp.debian.org http
Trying 128.101.80.131...
Connected to ftp.debian.org.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<TITLE>302 Found</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY>
<H1>Found</H1>
The document has moved <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/distrib/
ftplist">here</A>.<P>
</BODY></HTML>
Connection closed by foreign host.
3. Update the available package list:
# apt-get update
• apt-get downloads the list of available packages.
• The list of available packages is in /var/lib/dpkg/available, which may be
searched with the apt-cache sear ch command.
• See the apt-cache manual page if you need assistance.
4. Install the desired pa ckage:
# apt-get install jed
apt-get will download and install jed and any other packages required by jed.
5. You may also download and install any package updates that have been released by doing:
# apt-get upgrade
Windows SSH Client
page also has links to various SSH
Hints and Tips 13
PC104 RocketPort Option
The PC104 RocketPort serial card is optional in the DeviceMaster ATS-LNX.
Note: This option can only be installed by Comtrol.
This section discusses the following topics:
• Configuring the serial ports for your serial devices.
• Connecting your serial devices to the ATS-LNX.
• RocketPort quad- or octacable:
- Connector pinouts
- Building loopback plugs
- Building cables (null-modem and straight-through).
• Testing PC104 serial ports.
Configuring the RocketPort PC104 Serial Ports
Use one of the following methods if you need to configure any of the RocketPort
PC104 serial ports for RS-422 or RS-485 use.
Note: The device driver is installed and loads on demand when /dev/ttyRxx devices
are opened. The port default is RS-232.
• The initial configuration used by the driver is specified in /etc/modules.conf:
options rocket board1=0x180 pc104_1=232,232,232,232,232,232,232,232
To change /dev/ttyR3 to RS-422, modify the options line like t his:
options rocket board1=0x180 pc104_1=232,232,232,422,232,232,232,232
Changes to the opti ons line in modules.conf will not take effect until the next
time the driver module is loaded. You may manually unload or load the driver:
# rmmod rocket
# modprobe rocket
•The setrocket utility may be used to change the mode at anytime. Changes
made by setrocket are not persistent, that i s , the next t ime the driver is loa ded,
the setting reverts to those speci fied in the /etc/modules.conf file. An example of
setrocket usage is shown below:
# setrocket /dev/ttyR2 rs485
# setrocket /dev/ttyR5 rs232
To display the current configuration of a port, use setrocket with the device
name:
# setrocket /dev/ttyR4
Invoking setrocket with no arguments displays a summary of t he options.
Note: Settings changes using setrocket are only valid during the current login
•An ioctl() call may be used to read or write the port configuration (this is what
is done by the setrocket utility):
session.
#include "rocket.h"
void set485(int fd)
{
struct rocket_config config;
ioctl(fd, RCKP_GET_CONFIG, &config);
PC104 RocketPort Option 14
config.flags &= ~ROCKET_MODE_MASK;
config.flags |= ROCKET_MODE_RS485;
ioctl(fd, RCKP_SET_CONFIG, &config);
}
For a more detailed example, see the setrocket source code available in the Linux
driver at ftp://ftp.comtrol.com/RPort/Drivers/PC104/Linux
Connecting Serial Devices
There is a remote possibility that connecting a peripheral using the wrong
configuration (RS-232 device connected to a RS-422 configured port) could
damage the peripheral. Configure each serial port specifically for the peripheral
that will be connected prior to connecting the peripheral to the ATS-LNX.
Connect your serial devices to the configured port s using the appropriate cables. If
you need to build cables, see RocketPort Serial Port Connectors
RocketPort Serial Port Connectors
The following subsections illustrate the pinouts for the quad- and octacable
connector types and how to build loopback plugs for testing serial ports.
Connecting Serial Devices
.
on Page 15.
DB9 Connectors This illustrates
the pinouts for
DB9 quad- or
octacables.
Building Additional DB9 Loopback Plugs
Loopback connectors are DB9 female serial port plugs that you can use to test
serial ports. The ATS-LNX is shipped with a a single loopback plug (RS-232/422)
that corresponds to your quad- or octacable type.
Note: You can run loopback tests with minicom.
Wire the following pins together to build additional plugs or replace a missing RS232 loopback plug:
• Pins 1 to 4 to 6
•Pins 2 to 3
• Pins 7 to 8 to 9
Wire the following pins together for an RS-422 loopback plug:
•Pins 2 to 3
•Pins 7 to 8
GND
DTR
TxD
RxD
CD
Pin 1
Pin 1
Pin 6
RS-232
Pin 1
Pin 6
Pin 6
RI
CTS
RTS
DSR
Not used*
Not used
TxDRxDNot used
Pin 5
Pin 9
Pin 5
Pin 9
RS-422
Pin 1
Pin 6
RS-232 Only
(Back View)
RS-422 Only
(Back View)
RS-485
Not used
RxD+
TxD+
Not used
Not used*
Not used
TxD/RxDNot used
Not used
Pin 1
* Pin 5 is tied to ground on the board,
but is not used in the cable.
The RS-232 loopback plug
also works for RS-422.
Not used
Not used
TxD/RxD+
Not used
Pin 6
PC104 RocketPort Option 15
DB25 Connectors This illustrates the pinouts for DB25 quad - or octacables.
RS-232
RS-422
DB25 Connectors
RS-485
Building Additional DB25 Loopback Plugs
DCD
Signal Gnd
DSR
CTS
RTS
RxD
TxD
Pin 1
RI
DTR
Pin 14
Signal Gnd
TxD+
RxD+
RxDTxD-
Pin 1
Pin 14
Signal Gnd
TxD/RxD+-
TxD/RxD-
Pin 1
Pin 14
Loopback connectors are DB25 female serial port plugs that you can use to test
serial ports. The ATS-LNX is shipped with a a single loopback plug (RS-232/422)
that corresponds to your quad- or octacable type.
Note: You can run loopback tests with minicom.
Wire the following pins together to build additional plugs or replace a missing RS232 loopback plug:
.
•Pins 2 to 3
• Pins 4 to 5 to 22
• Pins 6 to 8 to 20
Pin 1
Pin 14
The RS-232 loopback plug
.
RS-232 Only
(Back View)
also works for RS-422.
Wire the following pins
together for an RS-422 loopback plug:
• Pins 2 to 3
•Pins 4 to 5
Pin 1
Pin 14
RS-422 Only
(Back View)
RJ45 Connectors This illustrates the pinouts for RJ45 quad- or octacables.
Building Additional RJ45 Loopback Plugs
RS-232
Pin 1
RJ45
RTS
DTR
Signal GND
TxD
RxD
DCD
DSR
CTS
RJ45
Loopback connectors are RJ45 serial port plugs that can be used to test serial
ports. The ATS-LNX is shipped with a a single loopback plug (RS-232/422) that
corresponds to your quad- or octacable type.
Pin 1
RS-422
TxD+
Not used
Not used**
TxDRxDNot used
Not used
RxD+
** Pin 3 is tied to ground on the board,
but is not used in the cable.
RJ45
Note: You can run loopback tests with minicom.
•Pins 4 to 5
•Pins 1 to 8
• Pins 2 to 6 to 7
18
Plug
Top View
Cable
The RS-232 loopback plug also
works for RS-422.
Pin 1
RS-485
TxD/RxD+
Not used
Not used**
TxD/RxDNot used
Not used
Not used
Not used
PC104 RocketPort Option 16
Building an RS-485 Test Cable
Building an RS-485
Test Cable
Building NullModem Cables
Building StraightThrough Cables
You can use a straight-through cable as illustrated previously, or build your own
cable.
Signal
TxD or TRX-
RTS or TRX+
RJ45
Pins
4
1
DB9
Pins
3
7
RJ45
Pins
4
1
DB25
Pins
2
4
Signal
TxD or TRXRTS or TRX+
Use the following figure if you need to build a null-modem cable. A null-modem
cable is required to connect the CONSOLE port to a PC COM port or to connect
DTE devices.
Signal
TxD
RxD
RTS
CTS
DSR
DCD
ATS Female
DTR
GND
RI
DB9
Pins
3
2
7
8
6
1
4
5
9
DB25
Pins
2
3
4
5
6
8
20
7
22
RJ45
Pins
4
5
1
8
7
6
2
3
N/A
DB9
Pins
2
3
8
7
4
1
6
5
9
DB25
Pins
3
2
5
4
20
8
6
7
22
RJ45
Signal
Pins
N/A
RxD
5
TxD
4
CTS
8
RTS
1
DTR
2
DCD
6
DSR
7
GND
3
RI
PC COM Port
Note: You may want to purchase or build a straight-through cable and purchase a
null-modem adapter.
Use the following figure if you need to build a straight-through cable. Straightthrough cables are used to connect DCE devices.
RJ45
Signal
DCD
RxD
TxD or TRxDTR
GND
DSR
ATS Female
RTS or TRx+
CTS
RI 9
DB9
Pins
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RJ45
Pins
6
5
4
2
3
7
1
8
N/A
DB9
Pins
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9RI
Pins
6
5
4
2
3
7
1
8
N/A
DB25
Pins
8
3
2
20
7
6
4
5
22
Signal
DCD
RxD
TxD or TRxDTR
GND
DSR
RTS or TRx+
CTS
Device
Testing Serial Ports
You can use the following subsections to test the PC104 serial ports.
lcom(1) Comtrol has available lcom(1), which is a multiport serial I/O test program. You
File Transf er You can transfer a file using the following information. The default settings are
PC104 RocketPort Option 17
can use lcom in test mode to send test data to any ATS-LNX serial port. See
Appendix C.
lcom(1) on Page 60 for information on how to use lcom.
9600, 8, n, 1, and no parity.
To send a file you can redirect output to a device; for example:
Cat /etc/inittab > /dev/ttyR0
Sends the contents of the /etc/inittab file to the ttyR0 device at 9600 baud, 8, n, 1,
and no parity.
Changing Serial Port Settings (stty)
Changing Serial
Port Settings (stty)
Setting Up Terminals and Modems (mgetty, getty)
Use the following informatio n if you need assis tance changi ng or viewing the baud
rate settings.
To change the baud rate, use the following example, which changes the baud rate
to 19200:
stty 19200 </dev/ttyR0
To view the current serial port settings for ttyR0, enter:
stty -a </dev/ttyR0
Note: Settings changes via stty are only valid during current log in session. For
permanent setting changes, use the /etc/inittab file.
Add the appropriate line or lines to the /etc/inittab then restart:
Terminal Example:
T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyR0 57600 vt100
Modem Example:
T1:23:respawn:+/sbin/mgetty -m ‘”” AT&F OK’ -D -x9 -s 115200 ttyR0
Note: If necessary, see the manual pages for more information on mgetty.
PC104 RocketPort Option 18
PCMCIA Network Cards
The ATS-LNX includes drivers for a variety of ethernet cards, and a driver for modem and
serial port cards. All modems should work with the supplied driver.
For overall PCMCIA information, refer to: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/
Network Card Installation and Configuration
1. Configure IP address information as describe below.
2. For 802.11 wireless cards, configure ESSID and Key as described below.
3. Insert PCMCIA network card.
4. Examine /var/log/daemon.log to see if card was recognized.
5. Use ifconfig and iwconfig (802.11 only) commands to see if card was configured properly.
.
ESSID and Encryption Key (802.11)
IP Configuration (802.11 and Ethernet)
Settings used for PCMCIA 802.11 wireless networking cards are stored in the
/etc/pcmcia/wireless.opts file. Two values will usually have to be placed in this file,
the ESSID and encryption key.
There are multiple configurations in the wireless.opts file. The first configuration
that matches the PCMCIA card's MAC address is used. If the same configuration
is to be used for any PCMCIA wireless card, then the section starting with *,*,*,*)
may be used.
1. Remove the followin g four lines from the wireless.opts file.
# --------- START SECTION TO REMOVE ----------*,*,*,*)
;;
# ---------- END SECTION TO REMOVE ------------
2. Add the following lines in the wireless.opt file for the ESSID and encryption
key for your device.
*,*,*,*)
ESSID="
KEY="
;;
your_ESSID
your_key_number
"
"
IP configuration information for PCMCIA network interface cards is stored in the
/etc/pcmcia/network.opts file. The layout of this file is similar to that of wireless.opts:
there is a case statement which can contain multiple configurations. The system
uses the first configuration that matches the card's mode and MAC address
information. If you want the same network configuration used for all PCMCIA
network cards, put the configuration in the *,*,*,*) section at the top of the file.
PCMCIA Network Cards 19
IP Configuration (802.11 and Ethernet)
The /etc/pcmcia/network.opts file looks something like this:
# Network adapter configuration
#
# The address format is "scheme,socket,instance,hwaddr".
#
# the "network address" here is NOT the same as the IP address.
# See the Networking HOWTO. In short, the network address is the IP
# address masked by the netmask.
#
case "$ADDRESS" in
*,*,*,*)
logger -p daemon.info "network.opts ADDRESS='$ADDRESS'"
INFO="Sample private network setup"
# Transceiver selection, for some cards -- see 'man ifport'
IF_PORT=""
# Use BOOTP (via /sbin/bootpc, or /sbin/pump)? [y/n]
BOOTP="n"
# Use DHCP (via /sbin/dhcpcd, /sbin/dhclient, or /sbin/pump)?
[y/n]
DHCP="n"
# If you need to explicitly specify a hostname for DHCP requests
DHCP_HOSTNAME=""
# Use PPP over Ethernet (via the pppoe package)? [y/n]
PPPOE="n"
# Use WHEREAMI (via the whereami package)? [y/n]
WHEREAMI="n"
# Host's IP address, netmask, network address, broadcast address
IPADDR="1921.68.4.97"
NETMASK="255.255.0.0"
NETWORK="192.168.0.0"
BROADCAST="192.168.255.255"
# Gateway address for static routing
GATEWAY="192.168.0.1"
# Things to add to /etc/resolv.conf for this interface
DOMAIN=""
SEARCH=""
# The nameserver IP addresses specified here complement the
# nameservers already defined in /etc/resolv.conf. These nameservers
# will be added to /etc/resolv.conf automatically when the PCMCIA
# network connection is established and removed from this file when
# the connection is broken.
DNS_1=""
DNS_2=""
DNS_3=""
# NFS mounts, should be listed in /etc/fstab
MOUNTS=""
# If you need to override the interface's MTU...
MTU=""
# For IPX interfaces, the frame type and network number
IPX_FRAME=""
IPX_NETNUM=""
# Run ipmasq? [y/n] (see the Debian ipmasq package)
IPMASQ="n"
# Extra stuff to do after setting up the interface
PCMCIA Network Cards 20
IP Configuration (802.11 and Ethernet)
start_fn () { return; }
# Extra stuff to do before shutting down the interface
stop_fn () { return; }
# Card eject policy options
NO_CHECK=n
NO_FUSER=n
;;
esac
If no configuration is found in /etc/pcmicia/network.opts, the system will try to use
configuration information found in /etc/network/interfaces. This method has not
proved successful with wireless cards (though it seems to work with normal
Ethernet cards).
If you put IP configuration in /etc/pcmcia/network.opts, make sure it is not
duplicated in /etc/network/interfaces. Ha ving configurations in both places (that is,
eth2 configuration in /etc/network/interfaces) has been known to cause problems for
802.11 wireless networking cards.
PCMCIA Network Cards 21
AUX A Port
This section discusses the following topics:
• How to change the default function of the AUX A port from the default
configuration to a standard RS-232 serial port.
• The default modem initialization string.
By default, AUX A (ttyS1) is configured for use with a modem.
Using the AUX A Port as a Standard tty Port
To disable the dial-in support on the AUX port, use a # character to comm ent ou t
the ttyS1 line in the /etc/inittab file.
#T1:23:respawn:+/sbin/mgetty -x0 -s 115200 ttyS1
In both cases you will have to either reboot or do one of the following:
•Notify init of the changes with this command:
# telinit q
• Kill any getty or mgetty running on the port in question:
# ps
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? S 0:05 init [2]
2 ? SW 0:00 [keventd]
[...]
1149 ttyS0 S 0:00 /sbin/getty -L ttyS0 57600 vt100
[...]
# kill 1149
Modem Initialization
The ATS-LNX mgetty configuration uses the AT&F1 command to set the externally
attached modem to factory defaults.
Note: If factory default initialization string is not working, consult your modem's
The initialization string should set the modem to:
•Locked DTE baud rate.
• Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS).
• Verbose result codes.
• Reset when DTR dropped.
The modem initialization string is contained in the /etc/inittab file:
Note: Other modem types may work with the AT&F modem initialization
AUX A Port 22
manual for the proper initialization string.
T1:23:respawn:+/sbin/mgetty -m '""
command.
AT&F1
OK' -D -x0 -s 115200 ttyS1
CONSOLE Port
This section contains information about how to use the CONSOLE port. In
addition, this section discusses how to change the default configuration and use it
as a standard RS-232 serial port.
By default, the CONSOLE (ttyS0) port is configured for serial console
administration.
Using the CONSOLE Port as a Standard TTY Port
To disable the login prompt on the CONSOLE port, comment out the ttyS0 line in
the /etc/inittab file.
#T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 57600 vt100
In both cases you will have to either reboot or do one of the following:
•Notify init of the changes with this command:
# telinit q
• Kill any getty or mgetty running on the port in question:
# ps
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? S 0:05 init [2]
2 ? SW 0:00 [keventd]
[...]
1149 ttyS0 S 0:00 /sbin/getty -L ttyS0 57600 vt100
[...]
# kill 1149
CONSOLE Port 23
Troubleshooting and Technical Support
This section contains troubleshooting information for your Comtrol device. You
should review the following subsections before calling Technical Support because
they will request that you perform many of the procedures or verifications before
they will be able to help you diagnose the problem.
• Troubleshooting checklist
• Using the recovery CD
• Customer support policy
Note: To test serial ports on the ATS-LNX, see Appendix C.
If you cannot diagnose the problem, you can contact Technical Support using
Technical Support
Troubleshooting Checklist
The following checklist may help you diagnose your problem:
• Verify that you are using the correct types of cables on the correct connectors
and that all cables are connected securely using the hardware documentation.
Note: Most customer problems reported to Comtrol Technical Support are
• Verify that the Ethernet hub and any other network devices between the
server and the Comtrol device are powered up and operating.
• Reset the power on the Comtrol device by disconnecting and reconnecting the
power cord.
• Verify that the network IP address is correct. If IP addressing is being used,
the server should be able to ping the Comtrol device.
• Verify that the IP address programmed into the Comtrol device matches the
unique reserved IP configured address assigned by the system administrator.
Note: See Default Device Names
and use test mode to diagnose the problem.
on Page 26.
eventually traced to cabling or network problems. Use a standard
Ethernet cable to connect from the 1 or 2 port to an Ethernet hub or a
cross-over cable if connected directly to a NIC in a server.
on Page 67, if you need to verify device names.
Also see Testing Serial Ports
on Page 17, if you need to test the PC104 ports.
lcom(1) on Page 60
Using the Recovery CD
Comtrol ships a Recovery CD with each ATS-LNX system. You can use the
Recovery CD to:
• Reflash the compact flash in the event that the L inux Embedded system
becomes corrupt.
• Recover the default image to the ATS- LNX compact flash.
• Replace the existing flash with a larger flash using the larger image file.
Troubleshooting and Technical Support 24
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