Compaq StorageWorks TM RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Manual

Compaq StorageWorks

™

RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage
Subsystem Hardware

Users Guide

Third Edition (January 2001)
Part Number EK-SMCPO-UG. C01

Compaq Computer Corporation

© 2001 Compaq Computer Corporation.

COMPAQ, the Compaq logo and StorageWorks Registered with the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.

Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

All other product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.

Confidential computer software. Valid license from Compaq required for possession, use or
copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software,
Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to
the U.S. Government under vendor's standard commercial license.

Compaq shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The
information in this document is subject to change without notice.

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. THE ENTIRE RISK ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
INFORMATION REMAINS WITH RECIPIENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL COMPAQ BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE
OR OTHER DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,
DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR LOSS
OF BUSINESS INFORMATION), EVEN IF COMPAQ HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT
OR TORT, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE.

The limited warranties for Compaq products are exclusively set forth in the
documentation accompanying such products. Nothing herein should be construed as
constituting a further or additional warranty.

RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide
Third Edition (January 2001)
Part Number EK-SMCPO-UG. C01

Contents

About This Guide

Purpose and Scope.......................................................................................................ix

Intended Audience .......................................................................................................ix

Document Structure .....................................................................................................ix

Related Documents ......................................................................................................xi

Text Conventions........................................................................................................xii

Symbols in Text ........................................................................................................ xiii

Symbols on Equipment............................................................................................. xiii

Rack Stability.............................................................................................................. xv

Getting Help................................................................................................................ xv

Compaq Technical Support ................................................................................. xv

Compaq Website.................................................................................................xvi

Compaq Authorized Reseller .............................................................................xvi

Chapter 1

Product Overview

Product Description .................................................................................................. 1-1

Pedestal Features....................................................................................................... 1-4

Pedestal Cabinet........................................................................................................ 1-5

Pedestal Components................................................................................................ 1-7

StorageWorks Building Blocks (SBBs) ............................................................ 1-7

RAID Array Controller...................................................................................... 1-7

Pedestal Power Supplies.................................................................................... 1-8

UPS.................................................................................................................... 1-8

Environmental Monitor Unit (EMU)................................................................. 1-9

UltraSCSI Buses .............................................................................................. 1-11

Connecting the Pedestal to a Host System ............................................................. 1-14

Specifications.......................................................................................................... 1-19

iv RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide

Chapter 2

RAID Array Controller

Controller Overview ..................................................................................................2-1

Controller Features ....................................................................................................2-3

Controller Reset and LED Indicators ........................................................................2-8

Flexible RAID Set Configuration..............................................................................2-9

Performance Enhancements ....................................................................................2-10

Custom Components ........................................................................................2-10

Efficient Write and Read Algorithms...............................................................2-11

RAID Levels Supported ..........................................................................................2-13

RAID 0 .............................................................................................................2-14

RAID 1 .............................................................................................................2-16

RAID 0+1 .........................................................................................................2-16

RAID 4 .............................................................................................................2-18

RAID 5 .............................................................................................................2-19

Just a Bunch of Drives (JBOD)........................................................................2-21

Redundant Operation...............................................................................................2-21

Initialization......................................................................................................2-21

Message Passing...............................................................................................2-22

Failover.............................................................................................................2-22

Environmental..........................................................................................................2-22

Backup Power Management.............................................................................2-22

Voltage Monitoring ..........................................................................................2-24

Temperature Monitoring ..................................................................................2-26

Chapter 3

Maintenance

Pedestal Status and Power LEDs...............................................................................3-2

SBB Status LEDs.......................................................................................................3-3

Controller LEDs.........................................................................................................3-4

EMU Error Reporting................................................................................................3-5

EMU Error Conditions .......................................................................................3-6

Replacing Components (FRUs).................................................................................3-7

Removing the Pedestal Door..............................................................................3-8

Replacing an SBB ..............................................................................................3-9

Replacing a Power Supply ...............................................................................3-10

Replacing the RAID Array Controller .............................................................3-12

Replacing the EMU Board ...............................................................................3-13

Replacing the UPS............................................................................................3-15

Differential/Wide UltraSCSI Bus............................................................................3-15

Reconfiguring the SCSI Bus ............................................................................3-16

Replacing the Controller Memory Cache Modules.................................................3-20

Contents v

Chapter 4

Expansion Pedestal Option

Product Description .................................................................................................. 4-1

Expansion Pedestal Cabinet...................................................................................... 4-2

Expansion Pedestal Components.............................................................................. 4-4

Reconfiguring Base Pedestal UltraSCSI Bus ........................................................... 4-6

Chapter 5

Second Controller Option

Second Controller Option Kit................................................................................... 5-2

Installing the Upgrade............................................................................................... 5-3

Saving Existing Configuration .......................................................................... 5-3

Updating Firmware............................................................................................ 5-4

Shutting Down the RA3000 .............................................................................. 5-6

Installing Two SIMMs into Second Controller................................................. 5-7

Replacing Existing Controller ........................................................................... 5-8

Restoring the Configuration .............................................................................. 5-9

Updating Firmware on Second Controller ...................................................... 5-10

Installing Original Controller .......................................................................... 5-11

Configuring a Dual Controller Installation for a Single Serial Port....................... 5-11

Configuring the RA3000 for the Active Mode of Operation .......................... 5-12

Configuring the Dual Controllers.................................................................... 5-13

Connecting to Your Dual Controller Storage System ..................................... 5-14

Verifying the Controller Operating Parameters .............................................. 5-15

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. RAID Array 3000 pedestal enclosure (drives optional) ....................... 1-2

Figure 1-2. Pedestal front panel major components ................................................ 1-6

Figure 1-3. Pedestal rear panel power supplies ....................................................... 1-6

Figure 1-4. EMU circuit board location ................................................................ 1-10

Figure 1-5. Pedestal rear panel components.......................................................... 1-11

Figure 1-6. UltraSCSI bus port and default SCSI ID assignments........................ 1-12

Figure 1-7. UltraSCSI bus configuration switch ................................................... 1-13

Figure 1-8. Slot locations and SCSI ID addresses................................................. 1-13

Figure 1-9. Single host, single adapter cabling diagram ....................................... 1-15

Figure 1-10. Single host, dual adapter/dual controller cabling diagram ............... 1-16

Figure 1-11. Single host, single adapter/dual controller (y-cable

connection) cabling diagram ........................................................... 1-17

Figure 1-12. Dual host, single adapter/single controller cabling diagram ............ 1-18

Figure 2-1. Bridging the gap between the host and the pedestal............................. 2-3

Figure 2-2. Units created from storagesets, partitions, and disk drives .................. 2-4

Figure 2-3. Controller front panel............................................................................ 2-9

vi RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide

Figure 2-4. RAID 0 write .......................................................................................2-15

Figure 2-5. Diagram of a RAID 1 write .................................................................2-16

Figure 2-6. Diagram of RAID 0+1 write................................................................2-17

Figure 2-7. Diagram of a RAID 4 write .................................................................2-18

Figure 2-8. Diagram of a RAID 5 write .................................................................2-20

Figure 3-1. Pedestal status LEDs..............................................................................3-3

Figure 3-2. Disk drive status LEDs ..........................................................................3-4

Figure 3-3. Removing pedestal door ........................................................................3-8

Figure 3-4. Replacing an SBB................................................................................3-10

Figure 3-5. Replacing a power supply....................................................................3-11

Figure 3-6. Removing the controller from the pedestal .........................................3-12

Figure 3-7. Remove standoffs from UPS and external fault connectors................3-14

Figure 3-8. Remove screw and panel .....................................................................3-18

Figure 3-9. Location of SCSI bus configuration switch.........................................3-19

Figure 3-10. Configuration switch .........................................................................3-19

Figure 3-11. Remove controller..............................................................................3-20

Figure 3-12. Release locking clips .........................................................................3-21

Figure 13. Remove installed SIMM modules.........................................................3-21

Figure 3-14. Install replacement SIMM .................................................................3-22

Figure 3-15. Pivot SIMM down to secure ..............................................................3-23

Figure 4-1. Expansion pedestal ................................................................................4-2

Figure 4-2. Expansion pedestal slot locations and ID addresses..............................4-3

Figure 4-3. Rear panel power supplies .....................................................................4-4

Figure 4-4. EMU circuit board location ...................................................................4-5

Figure 4-5. Remove side cover from base pedestal..................................................4-7

Figure 4-6. Remove SCSI bus terminator ................................................................4-7

Figure 4-7. Disconnect SCSI cable ..........................................................................4-8

Figure 4-8. Connect SCSI jumper ............................................................................4-9

Figure 4-9. Remove connector knockout plate.......................................................4-10

Figure 4-10. Connect SCSI cable ...........................................................................4-11

Figure 4-11. Set configuration switch to 7 .............................................................4-12

Figure 4-12. Configuration switch .........................................................................4-12

Figure 4-13. Reconfigured SCSI bus addresses .....................................................4-13

Figure 4-14. Connect SCSI cable between pedestals .............................................4-14

Figure 4-15. Power cable connections....................................................................4-15

Figure 4-16. Transfer drives from base to expansion pedestal...............................4-16

Figure 5-1. Second controller pedestal slot location ................................................5-2

Figure 5-2. Saving the existing configuration ..........................................................5-3

Figure 5-3. Saved configuration ...............................................................................5-4

Figure 5-4. Update firmware command ...................................................................5-4

Figure 5-5. Firmware update dialog box ..................................................................5-5

Figure 5-6. Insert SIMM into connector...................................................................5-7

Figure 5-7. Pivot SIMM down to seat ......................................................................5-7

Figure 5-8 Remove controller from top slot.............................................................5-8

Figure 5-9. Restoring configuration to new controller.............................................5-9

Figure 5-10. Restored configuration example ........................................................5-10

Contents vii

List of Tables

Table 1 Related Documents.........................................................................................xi

Table 1-1 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Part Numbers and Model

Descriptions .............................................................................................. 1-3

Table 1-2 Single Host, Single Adapter Cabling ..................................................... 1-15

Table 1-3 Single Host, Dual Adapter/Dual Controller Cabling ............................. 1-16

Table 1-4 Single Host, Single Adapter/Dual Controller (Y-cable connection

cabling) ................................................................................................... 1-17

Table 1-5 Dual Host, Single Adapter/Single Controller Cabling........................... 1-18

Table 1-6 Pedestal Technical Specifications .......................................................... 1-19

Table 1-7 Pedestal Physical and Power Specification............................................ 1-20

Table 2-1 Controller Specifications.......................................................................... 2-5

Table 2-2 LED/Reset Switch Interface..................................................................... 2-8

Table 2-3 RAID Levels Supported ......................................................................... 2-13

Table 2-4 Pedestal RAID Set Restrictions ............................................................. 2-13

Table 2-5 RAID 0+1 Example................................................................................ 2-17

Table 2-6 Response to Various AC Power Conditions .......................................... 2-23

Table 2-7 Acceptable System Voltage Levels........................................................ 2-24

Table 2-8 Acceptable Termination Voltage Levels................................................ 2-25

Table 2-9 Acceptable 12 Volt Levels ..................................................................... 2-25

Table 2-10 Acceptable External Temperature Levels ............................................ 2-26

Table 2-11 Acceptable Board Temperature Levels................................................ 2-26

Table 3-1 Disk Drive SBB Status LEDs................................................................... 3-4

Table 3-2 SCSI Bus Length and External Cables................................................... 3-16

Table 3-3 Assigned Slot Device Addresses in the Pedestal ................................... 3-16

About This Guide

Purpose and Scope

This guide is designed to for installers and operators of Compaq

StorageWorks

TM

RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware

User’s Guide.

Intended Audience

This document is written for installers and operators.

Document Structure

This guide contains the following information:

Chapter 1: Product Overview

n

Product Description

n

Pedestal Features

n

Pedestal Cabinet

n

Pedestal Components

n

Connecting the Pedestal to a Host System

n

Specifications

x RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide

Chapter 2: RAID Array Controller

n

Controller Overview

n

Controller Features

n

Controller Reset and LED Indicators

n

Flexible RAID Set Configuration

n

Performance Enhancements

n

RAID Levels Supported

n

Redundant Operation

n

Environmental

Chapter 3: Maintenance

n

Pedestal Status and Power LEDs

n

SBB Status LEDs

n

Controller LEDs

n

EMU Error Reporting

n

Replacing Components (FRUs)

n

Differential/Wide UltraSCSI Bus

n

Replacing the Controller Memory Cache Modules

Chapter 4: RAID Array Controller

n

Product Description

n

Expansion Pedestal Cabinet

n

Expansion Pedestal Components

n

Reconfiguring Base Pedestal UltraSCSI Bus

Chapter 5: Second Controller Option

n

Second Controller Option Kit

n

Installing the Upgrade

n

Configuring a Dual Controller Installation for a Single Serial Port

Contents xi

Related Documents

In addition to this guide, the following documentation is useful to the reader:

Table 1

Related Documents

Document Title Part Number

RAID Array 3000 Subsystem Second
Controller Option Installation Guide

EK-SM3KC-IG.E01

RAID Array 3000 Controller Shelf Hardware
Users Guide

EK-SMCPQ-UG.D01

Command Console V2.2 for the RAID Array
3000 (Pedestal and Rack Mount Models)
Users Guide

AA-RBF2C-TE

xii RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide

Text Conventions

This document uses the following conventions to distinguish elements of text:

Keys Keys appear in boldface. A plus sign (+) between

two keys indicates that they should be pressed
simultaneously.

USER INPUT User input appears in a different typeface and in

uppercase.

FILENAMES File names appear in uppercase italics.

Menu Options,
Command Names,
Dialog Box Names

These elements appear in initial capital letters.

COMMANDS,
DIRECTORY NAMES,
and DRIVE NAMES

These elements appear in uppercase, unless case
sensitive.

Type When you are instructed to type information, type

the information without pressing the Enter key.

Enter When you are instructed to enter information, type

the information and then press the Enter key.

Contents xiii

Symbols in Text

The following symbols are found in the text of this guide to indicate different
types of information.

WARNING:

Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions

in the warning could result in bodily harm or loss of life.

CAUTION:

Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions

could result in damage to equipment or loss of information.

IMPORTANT:

Text set off in this manner presents clarifying information or specific

instructions.

NOTE:

Text set off in this manner presents commentary, sidelights, or interesting points

of information.

Symbols on Equipment

The following symbols are placed on equipment to indicate the presence of
potentially hazardous conditions:

This symbol in conjunction with any of the following symbols indicates the
presence of a potential hazard. The potential for injury exists if warnings
are not observed. Consult your documentation for specific details.

This symbol indicates the presence of hazardous energy circuits or electric
shock hazards. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel.

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of injury from electric shock hazards, do not
open this enclosure. Refer all maintenance, upgrades, and servicing to
qualified personnel.

This symbol indicates the presence of electric shock hazards. The area
contains no user or field serviceable parts. Do not open for any reason.

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of injury from electric shock hazards, do
not open this enclosure.

xiv RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide

This is a test

This symbol on an RJ-45 receptacle indicates a Network Interface
Connection.

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of electric shock, fire, or damage to the
equipment, do not plug telephone or telecommunications connectors into
this receptacle.

This symbol indicates the presence of a hot surface or hot component. If
this surface is contacted, the potential for injury exists.

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of injury from a hot component, allow the
surface to cool before touching.

These symbols on power supplies or systems indicate the
equipment is supplied by multiple sources of power.

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of injury from electric shock,
remove all power cords to completely disconnect power from
the system.

Weight in kg

Weight in lb

This symbol indicates that the component exceeds the recommended
weight for one individual to handle safely.

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the
equipment, observe local occupational health and safety requirements and
guidelines for manual material handling.

Contents xv

Rack Stability

WARNING:

To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment,

be sure that:

n

The leveling jacks are extended to the floor.

n

The full weight of the rack rests on the leveling jacks.

n

The stabilizing feet are attached to the rack if it is a single rack
installation.

n

The racks are coupled together in multiple rack installations.

n

Only one component is extended at a time. A rack may become unstable
if more than one component is extended for any reason.

Getting Help

If you have a problem and have exhausted the information in this guide, you
can get further information and other help in the following locations.

Compaq Technical Support

In North America, call the Compaq Technical Phone Support Center at
1-800-OK-COMPAQ. This service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
For continuous quality improvement, calls may be recorded or monitored.

Outside North America, call the nearest Compaq Technical Support Phone
Center. Telephone numbers for worldwide Technical Support Centers are
listed on the Compaq website. Access the Compaq website:

http://www.compaq.com

xvi RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User's Guide

Be sure to have the following information available before you call Compaq:

n

Technical support registration number (if applicable)

n

Product serial number

n

Product model name and number

n

Applicable error messages

n

Add-on boards or hardware

n

Third-party hardware or software

n

Operating system type and revision level

Compaq Website

The Compaq website has information on this product. Access the Compaq
website:

http://www.compaq.com/storage

Compaq Authorized Reseller

For the name of your nearest Compaq authorized reseller:

n

In the United States, call 1-800-345-1518.

n

In Canada, call 1-800-263-5868.

n

Elsewhere, see the Compaq website for locations and telephone
numbers.

Chapter 1

Product Overview

This chapter provides an overall description of the RAID Array 3000 Storage
System and its components. Examples of Host/Storage System connections
and a list of technical and environmental specifications are included at the end
of the chapter.

NOTE: This guide is the Hardware User’s Guide. For configuration information, refer to the

Getting Started RAID Array 3000 Installation Guide for your Host system and the
Command Console V2.2 for the RAID Array 3000 (Pedestal and Rack Mount Models)
User’s Guide.

Product Description

The RAID Array 3000 storage subsystem is a desk-side storage system
(subsystem) offering the basic components required to create a user-designed
storage array with two 16-bit, differential UltraSCSI bus host interfaces
(Figure 1–1). The pedestal can accommodate up to seven 3½-in storage
devices. The devices, referred to as StorageWorks Building Blocks or SBBs,
are disk drives from the StorageWorks family of storage devices. The release
note that accompanies the subsystem lists the software solutions and disk
drives that are supported. A battery backup subsystem is included as part of
the pedestal enclosure in the form of a freestanding Uninterruptable Power
Supply (UPS). In case of a power failure, the UPS provide a temporary backup
for cache while the subsystem flushes to disks.

1-2 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

The RAID Array 3000 offering also includes option kits designed to increase
the storage capacity and enhance the performance of the subsystem. The first
is an expansion pedestal (second enclosure) designed to increase the storage
capacity of the subsystem to a maximum of 14 drives. The pedestal expansion
kit option is described in detailed in Chapter 4 “Expansion Pedestal Option” of
this guide.

The second option kit allows the addition of a second RAID controller to the
subsystem for redundancy. The second controller operates in conjunction with
the installed controller to protect data during a malfunction. Chapter 5 “Second
Controller Option” describes how to install the redundant controller option and
how to reconfigure the subsystem to accommodate it.

The RAID Array 3000 pedestal enclosure and its associated options are listed
and described in Table 1–1. Figure 1–1 shows the pedestal with a full
complement of drives (optional) for completeness.

PEDESTAL

UPS

3000-0

1A

Figure 1-1. RAID Array 3000 pedestal enclosure (drives optional)

Product Overview 1-3

The RAID Array 3000 pedestal is equipped with a dual-channel RAID
controller that supports all of the UltraSCSI bus features. It also contains an
Environmental Monitor Unit (EMU) board for environmental monitoring and
error detection.

Table 1-1

RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Part Numbers and Model Descriptions

Compaq Part No. Item Description

DS-SWXRA-GA

RA3000 pedestal subsystem with one controller, 120 V.
Includes: Seven-slot pedestal for wide UltraSCSI SBBs, one HSZ22

two-channel controller with 16 MB cache, Environmental Monitor Unit
(EMU), two 204 watt power supplies with fans, five meter host SCSI
cable (BN37A), BN38E-OB adapter, one 120-volt UPS, and North
American power cords. Disks are not included.

Requires: Solutions Software Kit for platform, host adapter, and disks.
Options: Second HSZ22 controller, seven disk SBB expansion pedestal,

and cache memory upgrade.

DS-SWXRA-GC RA3000 pedestal subsystem with one controller, 230 V.

Includes: Seven-slot pedestal for wide UltraSCSI SBBs, one HSZ22
two-channel controller with 16 MB cache, Environmental Monitor Unit
(EMU), two 204 watt power supplies with fans, five meter host SCSI
cable (BN37A), BN38E-OB adapter, one 230-volt Uninterruptable Power
Supply (UPS), and North American power cords. Disks are not included.

Requires: Solutions Software Kit for platform, host adapter, and disks.
Options: Second HSZ22 controller, seven-disk SBB expansion

pedestal, and cache memory upgrade.

DS-HSZ22-AA RA3000 second controller option which includes:

DS-HSZ22-AA SCSI controller, three 16-MB SIMM modules, 0.8 m
adapter-to-SCSI-3 cable, 5 m SCSI cable, 9-pin serial cable, user
documentation.

DS-HSZ22-AB RA3000 second controller option which includes:

DS-HSZ22-AB SCSI controller, four 32-MB SIMM modules, 0.8 m
adapter-to-SCSI-3 cable, 5 m SCSI cable, 9-pin serial cable, user
documentation.

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal (120/240 V) with slot space for seven additional
UltraSCSI disk drives.

DS-SWXRA-GR Single 204-watt power supply for RA3000, 120/230 V for on-site spare.

1-4 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Pedestal Features

The major features of the pedestal are:

■ Two differential 16-bit UltraSCSI host buses

■ Seven 3½-in disk drive SBB slots

■ One dual-channel RAID array controller

■ Second controller option for redundancy

■ Expansion pedestal option allowing up to fourteen SBB slots in a dual-

pedestal subsystem configuration

■ Memory cache expansion option for the controller

■ Redundant power provided by two fan-cooled universal AC input power

supplies (50/60 Hz, 100 to 240 VAC)

■ Cache backup provided by an external UPS

■ Environmental monitor unit (EMU) for error detection

■ The ability to hot plug SBBs without powering down the system

Pedestal Cabinet

The pedestal cabinet is a modular freestanding storage enclosure that is
completely self-contained. It has two fan-cooled power supplies, an internal
EMU circuit board, and a RAID array controller with front panel display and
control.

Figure 1–2 shows the major components in the pedestal enclosure.

Figure 1–3 identifies the items on the rear panel power supplies. The
characteristics of the pedestal cabinet are:

■ The disk drive storage capacity is seven 3½-in disk drive SBBs.

■ The subsystem slots are numbered 0 through 6 from top to bottom.

■ There are two 68-pin VHDCI female SCSI connectors on the rear panel,

which interconnect the host system to the RAID controller in the
pedestal.

■ The rear panel also contains an alarm switch, a UPS monitor connector,

an external fault condition connector, and a serial port connector (for
controller configuration).

Product Overview 1-5

■

The pedestal is equipped with an internal configuration switch, which

sets the SCSI ID addresses of the controller and the storage devices.

Figure 1-2. Pedestal front panel major components

Figure 1-3. Pedestal rear panel power supplies

1-6 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Pedestal Components

The major components in the pedestal subsystem include:

■ Dual-channel RAID array controller

■ Two 16-bit single-ended split SCSI buses

■ Environmental Monitor Unit (EMU)

■ Two universal 50/60 Hz, 120 or 240 VAC power supplies

■ Separate free-standing backup power supply (UPS)

StorageWorks Building Blocks (SBBs)

The pedestal has seven 3½-in disk drive SBB slots. The number of drives that
make up each configuration of the array is left to the end user with a maximum
of seven storage devices.

RAID Array Controller

The controller contains two wide,UltraSCSI differential host channels and two
wide, UltraSCSI single-ended disk channels. In dual-controller configurations,
the controllers support fully automatic and smooth controller failover.

The controller supports one or two standard 72-pin cache SIMMs of up to
32 MB. In a redundant controller setup, both controllers must have identical
cache configurations and the total usable cache (per controller) will be half the
amount installed. Thus, in a single controller setup, the maximum usable cache
is 64 MB while a redundant setup has a maximum usable cache of 32 MB (per
controller).

The RAID Array controller contains the following features:

■ Single PCB form factor for inclusion in the enclosure

■ Support for dual hot-swap controller operation

■ Dual differential Ultra-Wide SCSI host channels

■ Dual single-ended Ultra-Wide SCSI disk channels

■ RAID level 0, 1, 0+1, 4, 5, and JBOD support

■ EMU support

■ Cluster support for Windows

Product Overview 1-7

■

32 Logical Unit (LUNs) per host channel (some operating systems may

be limited to 8)

■ Support for Hot and Warm spare disks

■ UPS-backed write caching

■ Per LUN write cache/write back selection

■ Configuration/Maintenance via RS-232 or host SCSI channel using

StorageWorks Command Console (SWCC)

■ Update of firmware via host channel

Pedestal Power Supplies

The pedestal has two interchangeable, air-cooled, AC power supply modules
located at the rear of the unit. The power supplies provide redundant power if
one of the units should malfunction. Each supply provides +5 and +12 VDC to
power the RAID controller, EMU, and the storage SBBs in the pedestal. In
addition, each unit contains a high-speed fan for pedestal cooling. The upper
power supply is designated as A and the lower as B. The unit contains an AC
power receptacle, a power status LED, a fan, and a latching slider switch to
secure the supply in the pedestal.

UPS

The UPS is separate and free-standing unit designed to protect the pedestal
from problems associated with poor quality AC power or a complete loss of
AC power. The UPS is connected between the AC outlet and the line input of
the pedestal power supply B to provide battery backup power.

The major features of the UPS include Cell Saver Technology (doubles battery
life and speeds recharge time), hot-swap batteries, and network surge
protection. The front panel display has user controls (LEDs and control
buttons) and the rear panel contains a COMM port, which provides UPS status
to the EMU in the pedestal. The rear panel also contains the network surge
protector, a reset button, and four power receptacles. An audible alarm is
activated when input power fails, as a Low Battery Warning, or whenever the
UPS is in need of servicing.

The UPS automatically recharges its battery when power is returned following
a power failure. Recharge time is four to six hours depending on the energy
requirements of your load and the length of the power outage.

1-8 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

The UPS has its own installation, operation, and service manual. The manual
describes the UPS in detail and is part of the documentation set enclosed with
your subsystem.

Environmental Monitor Unit (EMU)

The EMU is an internal circuit board that monitors the operation of the
pedestal. The EMU monitors power supply voltages, fans, temperatures which
are reported to the user, and controls (turns on and off) the audible alarm and
status LED on the front panel. The EMU also reports the subsystem status to
the controller that reports to the host, and has the capability of exchanging
signals with auxiliary devices and controllers.

The EMU is located internally in the top rear of the pedestal as shown in
(Figure 1–4). It is connected to the SCSI bus and powered by an internal cable.
The following external components on the rear panel of the pedestal are part of
the EMU (Figure 1–5):

■ An alarm switch (S1) that enables (up) or disables (down) the audible

alarm

■ A power monitor connector (UPS) allows the EMU to monitor and

report the status of a battery backup power supply

■ An External Fault Condition connector allows the EMU to monitor the

status of a user-selected device

300

0-3

7

EMU

Figure 1-4. EMU circuit board location

Product Overview 1-9

Figure 1-5 shows the Pedestal rear panel components.

300

0-23

A

Controller (Bottom)

Controller (Top)

Host #1

E

xterna

l

Fault

Host #0

UPS

Figure 1-5. Pedestal rear panel components

1-10 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

UltraSCSI Buses

The pedestal contains two, 16-bit, single-ended, wide UltraSCSI buses
(factory-configured as a split bus) that connects the controllers to the disk
drives.

The split-bus arrangement is divided into two-bus paths designated device port
0 and device port 1 as shown in Figure 1–6. Port 0 connects the controller to
the upper four devices in the pedestal (IDs 8 through 11) and port 1 connects
the controller to lower three devices (IDs 8 through 10). The device addresses
on the bus are set at the factory by an internal configuration switch
(Figure 1–7).

ID9

ID9

ID11

ID8

ID8

ID10

ID10

Top Controller

Device

Port 0

Device

Port 1

Bottom Controller (Optional)

ID=7

ID=6

ID=7

ID=6

300

0-5

1

Figure 1-6. UltraSCSI bus port and default SCSI ID assignments

When set to a specific position, the switch controls the addresses of each SBB
slot. Figure 1–8 identifies the pedestal slot locations and their corresponding
SCSI ID addresses for each device port.

Product Overview 1-11

The subsystem can be reconfigured for through-bus operation by modifying
the bus and resetting the internal configuration switch. The information needed
to reconfigure the bus from split-bus to a through-bus configuration is
described in Chapter 4 “Expansion Pedestal Option”.

300

0-3

8

6

Figure 1-7. UltraSCSI bus configuration switch

SLOT 0

SLOT 1

SLOT 2

SLOT 3

SLOT 4

SLOT 5

SLOT 6

ID = 8

Controller

Devic

e

Port 0

Devic

e

Port 1

ID = 10

11

8

300

0-5

2

Figure 1-8. Slot locations and SCSI ID addresses

1-12 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Connecting the Pedestal to a Host System

This section illustrates how to connect four possible RA3000/Host
configurations. The configurations are:

■ Single host, single adapter configuration

■ Single host, dual adapter/dual controller configuration

■ Single host, single adapter/dual controller configuration (using a

Y-cable)

■ Dual host, single adapter/single controller configuration

NOTE: The following illustrations show the expansion pedestal option as part of the
storage system installation. See Chapter 4 for a full description of the Expansion Pedestal.

Product Overview 1-13

Figure 1-9 shows the Single host, Single Adapter Cabling diagram.

Rear View of DS-SWXRA-GA

Controller Pedestal

Rear View of

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal

5

6

4

3

2

1

Host

System

Host

Adapter

shr-1311b

Figure 1-9. Single host, single adapter cabling diagram

Table 1-2

Single Host, Single Adapter Cabling

Item Description

å

Host #1 VHDCI connector



Host #0 VHDCI connector

ê

SCSI device bus out connector D0



SCSI Cable BN37A-05 (host adapter connection made using Technology
Adapter cable BN38E-0B, not shown)



SCSI cable 17-04454-01

ñ

SCSI device bus In connector D0

1-14 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 1-10 shows the Single host, Dual Adapter/dual Controller Cabling
diagram.

5

6

3

2

1

4

Rear View of DS-SWXRA-GA

Controller Pedestal

Rear View of

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal

Host

System

Host

Adapter

Host

Adapter

shr-1312b

Rear View of DS-SWXRA-GA

Controller Pedestal

Rear View of

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal

Figure 1-10. Single host, dual adapter/dual controller cabling diagram

Table 1-3

Single Host, Dual Adapter/Dual Controller Cabling

Item Description

å

Host #1 VHDCI connector



Host #0 VHDCI connector

ê

SCSI device bus out connector D0



(2) SCSI Cables BN37A-05 (host adapter connection made using two Technology
Adapter cables BN38E-0B, not shown)



SCSI cable 17-04454-01

ñ

SCSI device bus in connector D0

Product Overview 1-15

Figure 1-11 shows the Single Host, Single Adapter/dual Controller (y-cable
connection) Cabling diagram.

Rear View of DS-SWXRA-GA

Controller Pedestal

Rear View of

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal

Host

System

Host

Adapter

shr-1313b

Figure 1-11. Single host, single adapter/dual controller (y-cable connection)
cabling diagram

Table 1-4

Single Host, Single Adapter/Dual Controller

(Y-cable connection cabling)

Item Description

å

Host #1 VHDCI connector



Host #0 VHDCI connector

ê

SCSI device bus out connector D0



SCSI Y-cable BN-21W-OB



(2) SCSI cables BN37A-05 (connections to Y-cable made using two Technology
Adapter cables BN38E-0B, not shown)

ñ

SCSI cable 17-04454-01

ò

SCSI device bus In connector D0

1-16 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 1-12 shows the Dual host, Single Adapter/single Controller Cabling
diagram.

Rear View of DS-SWXRA-GA

Controller Pedestal

Rear View of

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal

Host

System

Host

Adapter

Host

Adapter

Host

System

Rear View of DS-SWXRA-GA

Controller Pedestal

Rear View of

DS-SWXRA-GD

Expansion Pedestal

shr-1314b

Figure 1-12. Dual host, single adapter/single controller cabling diagram

Table 1-5

Dual Host, Single Adapter/Single Controller Cabling

Item Description

å

Host #1 VHDCI connector



Host #0 VHDCI connector

ê

SCSI Cable BN37A-05 (host adapter connection made
through Technology Adapter cable BN38E-0B, not shown)



SCSI Cable BN37A-05 (host adapter connection made
through Technology Adapter cable BN38E-0B, not shown)



SCSI device bus out connector D0

ñ

SCSI cable 17-04454-01

ò

SCSI device bus In connector D0

Product Overview 1-17

Specifications

Table 1-6

Pedestal Technical Specifications

Item Description

Cabinet

Pedestal with seven (7) disk SBB slots
Expansion pedestal with an additional 7 slots

Controller HSZ22

Controller cache

16 MB standard
upgrades to 128 MB for a two controller pair

Backup for cache Standard UPS

Mirrored write-back cache Yes

Device channels per controller 2

Maximum disks per device port 14

Dual active controllers Yes, order HSZ22-AA and second solutions software kit

Host interface UltraSCSI wide differential

Drive interface

UltraSCSI wide single-ended

RAID levels supported 0, 1, 0+1, 4, 5

Non-RAID disk support Yes (JBOD)

Sustained I/O rate

4,400 I/O’s per second per controller pair

RAID 5 sustained transfer rate

28 MB per second per controller pair

Maximum transfer rate

40 MB per second per controller pair

Redundant fans

Yes

Redundant power supplies

Yes

Global disk spares

Yes

EMU

Yes, monitors power and temperature

Setup/control lines

One serial

Serviceability

Hot-swap components

RAID manager GUI support SWCC 2.2 available for all platforms.

Regulatory approvals

UL, CSA, TUV, FCC, CE MARK, C TICK,
BSMI (replaces BCIQ), VCCI

1-18 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Table 1-7

Pedestal Physical and Power Specification

Physical Specifications

Item Dimension

Height 564 mm

Width 254 mm

Depth 494 mm

Rear clearance (air exhaust) 305 mm

Front clearance (door opening) 305 mm

Weight (no devices) 19.5 kg

Power Specifications

Item Rating

Input power

110-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, single
phase, 12A/6A

Heat dissipation 3070 Btu/hr

Temperature (optimal, minimum required) 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C),

50°F to 104°F (10 to 40

°C)

Altitude Up to 2,400 m

Air quality

Not to exceed 500,000 particles/ft3
for air at a size of 0.5 micron or
larger

Total power per power supply
(Total of +12 VDC and +5 VDC outputs)

204 watts, maximum

Nominal output voltages

+5 VDC @ 15 amps, maximum
+12 VDC @ 12 amps, maximum

Device startup time 4 second internal, minimum

Chapter 2

RAID Array Controller

This chapter describes the major features and characteristics of the RAID array
controller in the RAID Array 3000 subsystem. The number of devices
supported by the controller may be limited by the enclosure.

Controller Overview

The RAID Array controller provides high performance, high-availability
access to SCSI disk array subsystems along a UltraSCSI/Wide SCSI bus. With
a modular hardware design and an intuitive configuration utility, the controller
is designed to meet a wide range of storage needs.

The controller consists of a single 5 ½ in (14.2 cm) x 8 in (20.3 cm) PCB
mounted in a sheet metal subassembly. The package consists of the controller
PCB, a 300-pin connector, mechanical insertion assists, and a LED/reset
switch interface. All signals to the controller are routed through the backplane
connector.

The unit is configured with two Ultra Wide, differential SCSI host channels
capable of transferring data to and from the host at rates up to 40 Mb/s. The
host SCSI IDs are configurable via the host parameters and can support
32-deep tagged queuing. The controller is also configured with two Ultra
Wide, single-ended SCSI disk channels capable of transferring data to and
from the disk drives at rates up to 40 Mb/s. Each channel can support up to 15
drives (14 in redundant controller subsystems).

2-2 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

The controller has two Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM) connectors for
up to 64 MB of cache memory. The SIMM connectors form a mirrored pair
when the controllers are configured in a redundant controller configuration;
otherwise they are fully accessible by the controller. In a redundant controller
setup, both controllers must have identical cache configurations and the total
usable cache (per controller) will be half the amount installed. Thus, in a
single controller setup, the maximum usable cache is 64 MB while a redundant
setup has a maximum usable cache of 32 MB (per controller).

There are two configurations for redundant pairs of controllers: Active/Active
Failover mode and Active/Passive Failover mode. In Active/Active Failover,
each controller in the redundant pair has one active SCSI host port and one
passive SCSI host port. Redundancy Groups (Virtual LUNs) can be mapped
only to one active host port and are not accessible from the passive port or the
other controller (that is partitioned model).

In Active/Passive Failover, one controller in the redundant pair has both SCSI
host ports active and the other controller is in a standby passive mode.
Redundancy Groups (Virtual LUNs) can be mapped to either SCSI host port or
to both as in the single controller model.

In both cases, a single controller failure will not affect the subsystem because
the surviving controller will take over.

RAID Array Controller 2-3

Controller Features

The controller is the intelligent bridge between the host and the devices in the
pedestal. From the host’s perspective, the controller is simply another SCSI
device connected to one of its I/O buses. Consequently, the host sends its I/O
requests to the controller just as it would to any other SCSI device. Figure 2–1
shows the role of the controller between the host and the pedestal.

Figure 2-1. Bridging the gap between the host and the pedestal

2-4 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

From the pedestal’s perspective, the controller receives the I/O requests from
the host and directs them to the devices in the pedestal. Since the controller
processes all the I/O requests, it eliminates the host-based processing that is
typically associated with reading and writing data to multiple storage devices.

The controller does much more than simply manage I/O requests: it provides
the ability to combine several ordinary disk drives into a single, high­performance storage unit called a storageset. Storagesets are implementations
of RAID technology, also known as a Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
Every storageset shares one important feature: whether it uses two disk drives
or 14, each storageset looks like a single storage unit to the host.

You create storage units by combining disk drives into storagesets such as
stripesets, RAIDsets, and mirrorsets, or by presenting them to the host as
single-disk units (Figure 2–2).

Figure 2-2. Units created from storagesets, partitions, and disk drives

RAID Array Controller 2-5

■

Stripesets (RAID 0) combine disk drives in serial to increase transfer or

requests rates

■ Mirrorsets (RAID 1) combine disk drives in parallel to provide a highly

reliable storage unit

■ RAID 4 provides striping with a fixed parity drive

■ RAIDsets (RAID 5) combine disk drives in serial— just like stripesets

— but also store parity data to ensure high reliability

■ Stripe mirrorsets (RAID 0 + 1) combine mirrorsets in serial to provide

the highest throughput and availability of any storage unit

Table 2–1 lists the features of the RAID 3000 controller.

Table 2-1

Controller Specifications

Item Specifications

Environmental monitoring High availability fault bus support via EMU

Processor 40 MHz, 32 bit LR33310 RISC CPU

System bus interface Two, Wide, differential UltraSCSI channels

Configuration Two RS232 serial ports

RAID levels supported 0, 1, 0+1, 4, 5

Drive channels supported Two, Wide, UltraSCSI single-ended channels

Number of logical drives (LUN’s)

Up to 30 RAID sets, and up to 16 redundancy
groups (LUNs) per RAID set

SCSI channels Two, UltraSCSI, 16-bit, single-ended

Metadata 20 blocks/disk (10240 bytes)

Largest allowable disk/RAID set/LUN Two, 32 blocks (approximately 2.2 petabytes)

Non-RAID device support Disk drives (JBOD)

Drives supported

StorageWorks 2, 4, 18, and 36 GB SCSI and
UltraSCSI drives.

Drive reconstruct Automatic with hot or warm spares

Disk hot plug Yes

Disk hot spare (spinning) Yes, global hot spare

continued

2-6 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Table 2-1
Controller Specifications

continued

Item Specifications

Disk warm spare (not spinning) Yes, global warm spare
Redundant power supplies Yes
Redundant controllers Yes
Controller failover Yes, automatic
Controller hot spare Yes (Active/Passive mode)
Controller hot plug Yes
Cluster support Yes, single (SCSI) bus cluster
Maximum number of units presented to host 64
Maximum host port transfer speed 20 MHz
Command queuing Yes, 64 commands (host and disk SCSI

channels)

Heterogeneous multi-host support Yes
Mixed drive types Yes
Configurable reconstruct time Yes
Stripe size (chunk size) Variable
Write through cache Yes, user selectable (optional)
Write back cache Yes, user selectable (default)
Write on top Yes
Write gathering Yes
Battery backup for cache Yes, Pedestal Uninterruptable Power Supply

(UPS)

Boot capability Bootable from RAID set (system-dependent)
Number of controllers /system Two
Cache support Up to 64 MB (using two 32 MB industry

standard, 72-pin, 36-bit, 60 ns SIMMS)

FCC rating Class B

continued

RAID Array Controller 2-7

Table 2-1
Controller Specifications

continued

Item Specifications

Environmental

Temperature 41ºF to 122ºF (5ºC to 50ºC) operating,

-40ºF to 140ºF (-40ºC to +60ºC)
non-operating

Relative humidity

10% to 95% non-condensing (operating), 5%
to 90%, non-condensing (non-operating)

Physical size 8.55 in (21.7 cm) deep, 5.03 in wide, 1.6 in

(4 cm) high

Power requirements 5 VDC @ 3 A, peak; - 12 VDC @ 1 A, peak

Controller Reset and LED Indicators

Figure 2–3 illustrates the front panel of the controller. All LEDs are numbered
from left to right. The reset button (LED 0) flashes green about once every
second (heartbeat) to indicate that the controller is operating normally. LEDs 1
through 4-display host and disk channel activity (amber). LED 5 (normally
off) displays red during a controller failure. The LED/Reset switch interface is
defined in Table 2–2.

Table 2-2

LED/Reset Switch Interface

LED # Name

0 Heart beat controller reset switch (green)

1 Host channel 0 activity LED (amber)

2 Host channel 1 activity LED (amber)

3 Disk channel 0 activity LED (amber)

4 Disk channel 1 activity LED (amber)

5 Fault LED (red)

2-8 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 2-3 shows the front panel of the controller.

Figure 2-3. Controller front panel

Flexible RAID Set Configuration

In addition to its flexible hardware design, the controller’s firmware offers the
user the flexibility to configure RAID sets in several different ways:

■ RAID sets can comprise drives from any drive channel and SCSI ID.

■ A RAID set can contain all the drives connected to the controller, a

single drive, or any number of drives in between.

■ The controller supports RAID Levels 0, 1, 0+1, 4, and 5. It also supports

JBOD allowing you to connect standalone disk drives (such as a system
disk) to the controller without making them members of a RAID set.

RAID Array Controller 2-9

■

Each RAID set can be partitioned into smaller redundancy groups.

■ The controller’s host LUN Mapping feature makes it possible to map

RAID sets differently to each host port. You make the same redundancy
group appear on different LUNs to different hosts, or make a
redundancy group visible to one host but not to another.

■ Any drive may be designated as a hot or warm spare. Spares are global,

meaning that in the event of a drive failure, the controller will search for
the first available spare on any channel or SCSI ID and automatically
begin rebuilding the failed drive’s data.

Performance Enhancements

The controller employs a number of techniques to achieve as much
performance as possible from its design.

Custom Components

To increase performance and reliability, the controller’s core functions have
been encapsulated in four custom Application Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASIC) components as follows:

■ XOR ASIC: Used in the exclusive -or parity calculations employed by

RAID levels 4 and 5.

■ DMA ASIC: Controls the data path hardware for the various I/O ports

■ CPU Interface ASIC: Supports the controller’s MIPS R3000 RISC

central processing unit.

■ Memory Controller ASIC: Controls the memory system and supports

data movement on the internal bus at a maximum burst rate of 80 Mb/s
and a maximum sustainable rate of 60 Mb/s.

2-10 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Efficient Write and Read Algorithms

Standard RAID write operations that involve parity, such as those in RAID
levels 4 and 5, require multiple, time-consuming steps:

1. Read data from the parity drive.

2. Read existing data from the target data drives.

3. Exclusive-or the old parity, old data, and new data to generate new

parity data.

4. Write the new parity data to the parity drive.

5. Write the new data to the target data drives.

The controller uses several techniques to streamline write operations and
significantly improve performance. All the techniques use the controller’s on­board cache, which can contain up to 64 MB of memory in the form of
standard 72-pin, 60 ns SIMMs.

NOTE: The controller will not operate without at least one 4 MB SIMM installed in its
cache. Also, it will not operate without either a backup or a UPS connected to the
controller. Without a backup, data stored in the cache, but not yet written to the disk
drives, would be lost in the event of a power interruption.

Write-Back Caching

When the host sends data to be written to a redundancy group, the controller
stores the data in its cache and immediately reports to the host that it has
completed the write. The controller eventually writes the data to the disk
drives when the write can be done most efficiently, or when the controller
must flush the cache to make room for other data or to prepare for a shutdown.

Write-back caching makes the host more responsive to the user, since the host
does not have to wait for a lengthy RAID write before proceeding to another
task.

RAID Array Controller 2-11

Write Gathering

The controller will attempt to consolidate multiple writes destined for
contiguous blocks and then write the entire data block in one operation. The
controller stores the data in cache until it performs the write. Ideally, the
controller will wait until it has gathered enough data to fill an entire stripe.
This action enables the controller to avoid reading from the parity and data
drives before making the write. All the controller has to do is calculate parity
from the data it already has in its cache, then write the data and parity to the
drives. Even if the controller cannot accumulate enough data to fill a stripe, the
consolidation of small writes can reduce the number of read/write operations
that must take place.

Write On Top

If the host commands that data be written to disk, and data for that address is
pending in the controller’s cache, the controller writes the new data on top of
the old in the cache. Only the new data is eventually written to the disk drives.

2-12 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

RAID Levels Supported

The RAID Array 3000 controller supports the following RAID levels:

Table 2-3

RAID Levels Supported

RAID Level Description

0 Striping without parity

1 Mirroring

0+1 Striping and mirroring

4 Striping with fixed parity drive

5 Striping with floating parity drive

JBOD Just a Bunch of Drives

NOTE: The controller stripes data in multi-block chunk sizes. Also, the controller does not
support RAID level 3 or 0 with a one-block chunk size.

There are some restrictions you must adhere to when creating a RAID set on
the RAID 3000 pedestal. The minimum and maximum number of drives
required to support each RAID level are listed in Table 2–4.

Table 2-4

Pedestal RAID Set Restrictions

RAID Level Min. No.* of Drives Max. No.* of Drives

JBOD 1 1

0214

1214

0+1 4 14

4314

5314

*

Must be an even number.

RAID Array Controller 2-13

RAID 0

RAID 0 breaks up data into smaller chunks and writes each chunk to a
different drive in the array. The size of each chunk is determined by the
controller’s chunk size parameter, which you set in the course of creating a
RAID set.

The advantage of RAID 0 is its high bandwidth. By breaking up a large block
of data into smaller chunks, the controller can use multiple drive channels to
write the chunks to the disk drives. Furthermore, RAID 0 involves no parity
calculations to complicate the write operation. Likewise, a RAID 0 read
operation employs multiple drives to assemble a single, large data block. This
makes RAID 0 ideal for applications such as graphics, video, and imaging that
involve the writing and reading of large, sequential blocks.

CAUTION: The lack of parity means that a RAID 0-disk array offers absolutely
no redundancy and thus cannot recover from a drive failure.

2-14 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 2–4 shows a diagram of a RAID 0 write.

Figure 2-4. RAID 0 write

RAID Array Controller 2-15

RAID 1

RAID 1 (also known as mirroring or shadowing) takes data sent by the host
and duplicates it on all the drives in an array. The result is a high degree of
data availability, since you can lose all but one drive in the array and still have
full access to your data. This high degree of data availability comes at a price:
a RAID 1 array requires multiple drives to achieve the storage capacity of a
single drive. Figure 2–5 shows a RAID 1 write.

Figure 2-5. Diagram of a RAID 1 write

A RAID 1 array will show up on the monitor as degraded when at least one
drive fails, even if two or more members of the redundancy group remain in
good working order. As long as at least two working drives remain in the
array, you may continue to run the array in degraded mode without putting
data in jeopardy.

RAID 0+1

RAID 0+1 combines RAID 0 (striping) with RAID 1 (mirroring). In RAID
0+1 write, the controller breaks up the data block from the host into smaller
chunks, then writes the chunks to half the drives in the array, while writing
duplicate chunks to the remaining drives.

2-16 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 2-6 shows a diagram of RAID 0+1 write.

Figure 2-6. Diagram of RAID 0+1 write

In the event of a drive failure, a RAID 0+1 array will enter degraded mode and
continue to operate by substituting the failed drive with its mirror.

When the controller creates a RAID 0+1 set, it first sorts the drives by channel
number and SCSI ID. Then it stripes the data across every other drive and
forms a mirrored pair with the first two drives, another mirrored pair with the
second two drives, and so on. Table 2–5 lists how the controller uses the drives
in a RAID 0+1 set.

Table 2-5

RAID 0+1 Example

Drives Selected Function

Channel 1, ID 0 First member of stripe set

Channel 1, ID 1 Mirror of channel 1, ID 0

Channel 1, ID 2 Second member of stripe set

Channel 2, ID 0 Mirror of channel 1, ID 2

Channel 2, ID 1 Third member of stripe set

Channel 2, ID 2 Mirror of channel 2, ID 1

RAID Array Controller 2-17

RAID 4

RAID 4 breaks up host data into chunks, calculates parity by performing an
exclusive-or on the chunks, and then writes the chunks to all but one drive in
the array and the parity data to the last drive. When the host requests data from
the disk drives, the controller retrieves the chunks containing the addressed
data, reconstitutes the data from the chunks, and passes the data to the host.

Figure 2-7. Diagram of a RAID 4 write

In the event of a single drive failure, a RAID 4 array will continue to operate
in degraded mode. If the failed drive is a data drive, writes will continue as
normal, except no data will be written to the failed drive. Reads will
reconstruct the data on the failed drive by performing an exclusive-or
operation on the remaining data in the stripe and the parity for that stripe. If
the failed drive is a parity drive, writes will occur, as normal except no parity
will be written. Reads will simply retrieve data from the data disks. There will
be no deterioration in controller performance while a RAID set is in degraded
mode.

2-18 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

In general, RAID 4 is best suited for applications such as graphics, imaging, or
video that call for reading and writing large, sequential blocks of data.
However, you may find that RAID 4 is preferable to RAID 5 even for
applications characterized by many small I/O operations, such as transaction
processing. This is due to the controller’s intelligent caching, which efficiently
handles small I/O reads and writes, and to the relatively less complex
algorithms needed to implement RAID 4.

The benefits of RAID 4 disappear when you have many, small I/O operations
scattered randomly and widely across the disks in the array. RAID 4’s fixed
parity disk becomes a bottleneck in such applications, as the following
example illustrates. Let’s say the host instructs the controller to make two
small writes. The writes are widely scattered, involving two different stripes
and different disk drives. Ideally, you would like both writes to take place at
the same time, but RAID 4 makes this impossible, since the writes must take
turns accessing the fixed parity drive. For this reason, RAID 5 is the better
choice for widely scattered, small write operations.

CAUTION: RAID 4 can withstand a single failure and handle I/O activity without
interruption in degraded mode until the failed drive is rebuilt. If a second drive
fails while the RAID set is in degraded mode, the entire RAID set will fail.

RAID Array Controller 2-19

RAID 5

RAID 5 addresses the bottleneck issue for barrages of widely scattered, small
I/O operations. Like RAID 4, RAID 5 breaks up data into chunks, calculates
parity, and then writes the chunks in stripes to the disk drives; saving one drive
one each stripe for the parity data. Unlike RAID 4, however, RAID 5 changes
the parity drive on each stripe. This means, for instance, that a write operation
involving drive 2 on stripe 1 can conceivably take place at the same time as a
write involving drive 3 on stripe 2, since they would be addressing different
parity drives. Figure 2-5 shows a diagram of a RAID 5 write.

Figure 2-8. Diagram of a RAID 5 write

RAID 5 handles drive failures in the same manner as RAID 4, except the
parity is different for each stripe. The controller either uses the parity
information on a stripe to reconstruct its data or simply reads the data as
normal, depending on the location of the stripe’s parity drive.

2-20 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

While RAID 5 is ideally suited for applications with many, small I/O
operations, there is no reason why it cannot function equally well for
applications with large, sequential I/O operations. This makes RAID 5 an
excellent all-purpose RAID level.

CAUTION: RAID 5 can withstand a single failure and handle I/O activity without
interruption in degraded mode until the failed drive is rebuilt. If a second drive
fails while the RAID set is in degraded mode, the entire RAID set will fail.

Just a Bunch of Drives (JBOD)

JBOD makes it possible to connect one or standalone disk drives to the
controller. A JBOD disk drive is not part of a redundancy group, even though
the controller assigns a redundancy group number to the drive. This number
becomes that logical unit number (LUN) that the host will use to address the
drive.

One use for JBOD is to connect a system disk drive to the controller. The drive
does not become part of a RAID set, but it is made available to the host on the
same SCSI bus as the other devices controlled by the controller.

Redundant Operation

When operating in a redundant configuration, the two controllers are linked
such that, in case of a failure, the surviving controller can access the other
controller’s cache memory and complete all operations that were in progress
when the failure occurred. The controllers support two different
configurations:

■ Active/Active: One host port is active on each controller. The other port

on each controller is passive and only used if the peer controller fails.

■ Active/Passive: Both host ports on one controller are active. The other

controller’s ports are both passive and only used if the primary
controller fails.

When one controller fails, the survivor will process all I/O requests until the
failed controller is repaired and powered on. The subsystem will then return to
its previous state (that is Active/Active or Active/Passive).

RAID Array Controller 2-21

Initialization

During initialization, the firmware in the RAID 3000 verifies that both
controllers have consistent configurations including identical memory cache
and system parameters. If the controller setups are incompatible, the set is not
bound and each controller operates in stand-alone mode.

Message Passing

Information is shared between the two controllers by a collection of messages
passed through the backplane connectors. The messages provide configuration
data as well as a heartbeat which is transmitted by each controller every
500 ms. If a controller does not receive a heartbeat within one second, it
assumes the peer controller has become inoperable and begins failing over.

If the controllers cannot exchange messages due to communication problems
over the backplane, they will break the connection and each controller will
switch to a stand-alone mode.

Failover

Failover describes the process of transferring data from a failed controller to a
survivor and completing any active tasks. When one controller begins the fail­over process, it sends a reset to the other controller, which prevents the failing
unit from processing any more information and enables any host ports that are
passive. It then downloads the failed controller’s cache to its unused portion of
cache and begins acting upon that data.

While downloading the data, the controller responds to I/O by disconnecting
(if allowed) and waiting approximately three seconds before reconnecting and
presenting a Busy status. The delay is to prevent host operating systems from
seeing too many errors and fencing off the controller.

Environmental

The controller incorporates a set of on board sensors to detect abnormal
operating conditions that may affect data safety.

2-22 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Backup Power Management

The controller must be connected to a backup battery and/or UPS to prevent
the subsystem cache from being corrupted during unexpected losses of power.
If no backup power supply is provided, the controller will remain off line and
reject all I/O requests with a status of Check Condition/Hardware Error.

If the backup power source indicates that power may be failing, the
controller’s first step is to sound an alarm, enter write through mode and begin
flushing cache. If the backup power source reaches a critical state, the alarm
frequency increases and all host channels are disabled to prevent new requests
from interfering with the cache flush.

Table 2–6 lists how the controller reacts to the power supplies.

Table 2-6

Response to Various AC Power Conditions

Condition Response

Low line voltage UPS compensation circuit automatically increases output voltage,

without placing load on the UPS battery.

No line voltage
(AC loss)

UPS switches to the battery, which supplies power to the controller
maintaining full functionality.

UPS signals controller of impending power down. Caching is
disabled but the controller continues to service host requests and
begins to flush cache to disk.

UPS low-battery
warning

UPS signals controller of impending power down. Subsystem
discontinues host services. Cache flush is completed.

UPS power down

UPS shuts itself off, preventing complete battery discharge. All data
has been written to disk.

RAID Array Controller 2-23

Voltage Monitoring

System Voltage

The controller monitors the incoming system voltage levels and ensures that
they are satisfactory for controller operation. The acceptable voltage levels are
listed in Table 2–7.

Table 2-7

Acceptable System Voltage Levels

State Range Action

Normal 4.80 to 5.25 V Normal operation

Low warning 4.75 to 4.80 V Alarm

High warning 5.25 to 5.30 V Alarm

Low severe Less than 4.75 V Off line

High severe Greater than 5.30 V Off line

Termination Voltage

The controller monitors the incoming termination voltage levels and ensures
that they are satisfactory for controller operation. The acceptable voltage
levels are shown in Table 2–8.

Table 2-8

Acceptable Termination Voltage Levels

State Range Action

Normal 4.20 to 5.40 V Normal operation

Low warning 4.00 to 4.20 V Alarm

High warning 5.40 to 5.55 V Alarm

Low severe Less than 4.00 V Off line

High severe Greater than 5.55 V Off line

2-24 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

12 V Supply Voltage

The controller monitors the incoming 12-volt levels and ensures that they are
satisfactory for operation. The acceptable voltage levels are listed in
Table 2–9.

Table 2-9

Acceptable 12 Volt Levels

State Range Action

Normal 10.80 to 13.80 V Normal operation

Low warning 10.20 to 10.80 V Alarm

High warning 13.80 to 14.40 V Alarm

Low severe Less than 10.20 V Off line

High severe Greater than 14.40 V Off line

Temperature Monitoring

External Temperature

The controller monitors the external operating temperature and ensures that
they are satisfactory for controller operation. The acceptable temperature
levels are listed in Table 2-10.

Table 2-10

Acceptable External Temperature Levels

State Temperature Action

Normal < 106ºF (41ºC) Normal operation

High warning < 106ºF to 126ºF

(41ºC to 52ºC)

Alarm

High severe > 133ºF (52ºC) Off line

RAID Array Controller 2-25

Board Temperature

The controller monitors the on-board operating temperature and ensures that
they are satisfactory for controller operation. The acceptable temperature
levels are listed in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11

Acceptable Board Temperature Levels

State Temperature Action

Normal < 126ºF (52ºC) Normal Operation

High Warning 126ºF to 133ºF

(52ºC to 56ºC)

Alarm

High Severe > 133ºF (56ºC) Off line

Chapter 3

Maintenance

This chapter describes how to interpret the status of the LEDs on the pedestal
and use them as a troubleshooting aid during a pedestal malfunction. Both the
pedestal LEDs and the LEDs on the major components are covered. The
chapter also describes how to replace a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) and how
to reconfigure the SCSI bus.

Troubleshooting the pedestal consists of monitoring the status of the external
LEDs to determine if a major component is malfunctioning. The Field
Replaceable Units (FRUs) in the pedestal are:

■ Disk drives (SBBs)

■ RAID array controller

■ Power supplies

■ Environmental Monitor Unit (EMU) circuit board

■ Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

3-2 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

The information in this chapter is divided into the following major sections:

■ Pedestal status and power supply LEDs

■ SBB status LEDs

■ Controller LEDs

■ EMU error reporting

■ Replacing an FRU

■ Reconfiguring the UltraSCSI bus

■ Replacing the controller memory cache modules

Pedestal Status and Power LEDs

The pedestal is equipped with two front panel LEDs that monitor the following
error conditions (Figure 3–1):

■ A power supply fan that is not operating

■ An over-temperature condition

■ A DC power problem

■ External fault conditions

■ Controller faults

When the pedestal is operating properly, the green power LED is on and the
amber pedestal fault LED is off. Also, the green power supply LED on the rear
of each power supply is on.

Maintenance 3-3

Figure 3-1 shows the Pedestal status LEDs.

Figure 3-1. Pedestal status LEDs

SBB Status LEDs

Each disk drive SBB in the pedestal has two status LEDs— a green activity
LED and an amber fault LED as shown in Figure 3–2. When the pedestal is
operating properly, the activity LED is flashing indicating normal disk activity
on the SCSI bus, and the fault LED is off. Table 3–1 lists the states of the SBB
LEDs and recommends corrective actions when an LED indicates a fault
condition.

3-4 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Table 3-1

Disk Drive SBB Status LEDs

Activity LED Fault LED Indication

On Off Drive is operating properly.

Off Off Drive is inactive and operating normally. There is no fault.

On On

Fault status: drive is defective. Recommend that you
replace the device.

Off On

Fault status: drive is inactive and not spinning.
Recommend that you replace the device.

On Flashing

Fault status: drive is active and slowing down due to the
fault.

Figure 3-2. Disk drive status LEDs

Controller LEDs

The LEDs on the front panel of the controller monitor host and disk channel
activity and a controller fault condition. The reset button/LED flashes green
approximately once every second (heartbeat) to indicate that the controller is
operating normally. See Chapter 2 “Raid Array Controller” for more
information.

Maintenance 3-5

EMU Error Reporting

The primary function of the EMU is to detect and report conditions that can
cause the pedestal to malfunction and to report malfunctions. To accomplish
this, the EMU constantly monitors the following pedestal signals:

■ +5 and +12 VDC

■ AC input

■ Power supply present

■ Total power

■ Power OK (P_OK)

■ Power disabled

■ Fan Speed (minimum and high speed)

■ Fan exhaust temperature

■ Shelf OK (S_OK)

The EMU can exchange signals with auxiliary devices and controllers.

EMU Error Conditions

The EMU reports error conditions and malfunctions using an audible alarm
and an LED. The user-enabled audible alarm and the amber fault LED on the
front of the pedestal are the only error indicators.

3-6 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Whenever any of the following error conditions occur, the amber fault LED on
the front of the pedestal will turn on. When alarm switch S1 on the rear panel
of the pedestal is in the up (enabled) position, the audible alarm will sound
whenever one of the following conditions occurs:

■ Loss of AC power to one of the power supplies

■ Failure of either power supply fan

■ UPS not connected

■ UPS power failure

■ UPS output too low

■ Temperature exceeds 123ºF (50ºC)

■ One of the +12 VDC outputs is less than + 9.85 VDC

■ One of the +5 VDC outputs is less than + 3.95 VDC

■ Miscellaneous error condition

■ A controller error condition exists

■ External fault

Replacing Components (FRUs)

This section describes how to replace an FRU in the RAID Array 3000
pedestal. The information is divided into the following subsections:

■ Removing the pedestal door

■ Replacing an SBB

■ Replacing a power supply

■ Replacing the controller

■ Replacing the EMU board

■ Replacing the UPS

■ Replacing a controller memory cache module

Maintenance 3-7

Removing the Pedestal Door

Proceed as follows to remove the pedestal door (Figure 3–3):

1. Unlock and open the door to a 90º angle in relation to the closed

position.

2. Carefully lift up on the door until the hinge pins are against the top of

the mounting holes.

3. Pull the door straight out until the hinge pins clear the bezel.

Figure 3-3. Removing pedestal door

Replacing an SBB

There are two methods for replacing a disk drive SBB with an identical SBB:

■ Hot plug – This method requires that the SCSI controller support

removing and installing SBBs while the bus is active. Hot plug is
supported by the RAID Array 3000 controller

■ Cold plug – Requires removing AC power from the pedestal and

disabling the UPS to deactivate the bus

Perform the following procedure to replace an SBB in the pedestal
(Figure 3–4):

3-8 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

CAUTION: Always use both hands when removing or inserting an SBB.

■ Never remove a drive from the pedestal before it has completely spun

down.

■ Take care not to slam the replacement SBB into the pedestal enclosure.

1. Unlock and open the front door.

2. Release the drive from the pedestal slot by squeezing the mounting tabs

on the SBB together, but do not remove the SBB from the pedestal.

3. Wait 15-30 seconds for the drive to stop spinning before removing it

from the pedestal slot.

4. Insert an identical model SBB in the slot and push it in until an audible

click is heard indicating the SBB is fully seated (SBB front panel
mounting tabs expand and engage the pedestal shelf).

5. Observe that the SBB status LEDs are operating.

6. Close the front door.

Figure 3-4. Replacing an SBB

Maintenance 3-9

Replacing a Power Supply

You can replace a power supply without affecting pedestal operation using the
following procedure:

CAUTION: When you remove a power supply, the airflow through the SBBs is
interrupted. Always install the replacement power supply as quickly as possible
to prevent overheating.

1. Grasp the power supply handle shown in Figure 3–5.

2. Slide and hold the locking latch to the left and pull the supply out using

a short jerking motion.

3. Insert the replacement power supply into the pedestal and carefully align

it.

4. Push the power supply in until it is fully seated and the locking tab

engages.Until the fan is operating at the proper speed, the green power
supply LED remains off. When the fan reaches the proper speed (several
seconds), the LED should come on.

Figure 3-5. Replacing a power supply

3-10 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Replacing the RAID Array Controller

Perform the following procedure to replace the RAID array controller
(Figure 3–6):

1. Grip the two locking latches on the front panel of the controller and pull

them forward until the controller disengages from its mounting slot.

2. Remove the controller by sliding it forward and free of the pedestal.

3. Insert the replacement controller into the open slot, align the module

into the card guides, and gently slide it into the pedestal until the
connector engages the backplane connector in the pedestal.

4. Turn the two front panel latches inward to fully seat the controller in the

pedestal slot.

Figure 3-6. Removing the controller from the pedestal

Maintenance 3-11

Replacing the EMU Board

WARNING: Only qualified service personnel should replace the EMU. Dangerous

voltages are exposed when the pedestal side panel is removed. Always power
off the pedestal and remove the power cords before replacing the EMU.

Tools required:

■ Flat-blade or 3/16 in(5 mm) hex-head screwdriver

■ # 10 TORX-head screwdriver

Perform the following procedure to replace the EMU Board:

1. Quiesce the host bus by shutting down the host system.

CAUTION: To allow the UPS to supply power while the cache is being flushed
to disk, do not unplug the base pedestal from the UPS.

2. Unplug the base pedestal power cord from the wall outlet.

3. Unplug the UPS power cord from the wall outlet. The UPS will now

signal the controller to flush the cache.

4. Wait until the UPS shuts down completely (this may take several

minutes).

5. Power off the base pedestal and plug the UPS power cord into the wall

outlet.

6. Remove the pedestal door.

7. Remove the left side cover from the pedestal (see “Reconfiguring the

SCSI Bus”).

8. Record the orientation of the color traces on the two ribbon cables

connected at the rear of the EMU board and disconnects the cables.

9. Remove the hex standoffs from the UPS and external fault connectors

on the rear panel using a hex-head or a flat-blade screwdriver
(Figure 3–7).

10. Remove the board from the pedestal.

3-12 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 3-7 shows how to remove standoffs from the UPS and external fault
connectors.

300

0-49

Figure 3-7. Remove standoffs from UPS and external fault connectors

11. Align the connectors on the replacement EMU with the connector holes

on the rear panel and replace the mounting studs to secure the board (Do
not over-tighten).

12. Reconnect the two ribbon cables to the rear connectors on the EMU

board.

13. Replace the side cover on the pedestal and secure it with the TORX-

head screw on the front bezel of the pedestal.

14. Replace the door on the pedestal.

Maintenance 3-13

Replacing the UPS

Proceed as follows to replace the UPS:

1. Ensure the UPS power switch is set to off.

2. Disconnect the pedestal power cord from the UPS.

3. Disconnect the UPS power cord from the wall outlet.

4. Disconnect the signal control cable from the UPS

5. Install the replacement UPS and reconnect the power cords and the

signal control cable.

6. Set the UPS power switch to “on” and then power up the pedestal.

Differential/Wide UltraSCSI Bus

The reliability of data transfers on a SCSI bus depends on the following
factors:

■ The bus transmission rate

■ The maximum SCSI bus length (a function of bus type, the transmission

rate, and the use of SCSI bus converters)

■ The total length of the SCSI bus (as measured from the host bus

terminator to the subsystem terminator)

■ MT/s (mega-transfers per second) is the repetitive rate at which words

of data are transferred across a bus. The number of megabytes per
second (Mb/s) is determined by the bus width (8 or 16-bit) and the
number of bytes per word (1 or 2, respectively)

Table 3–2 lists the maximum SCSI bus lengths and the longest SCSI
cables recommended by Compaq.

NOTE: Because the bus length includes the cable plus the backplane distance inside the
enclosure, the recommended maximum cable lengths listed are not the same as the
maximum bus length.

3-14 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Table 3-2

SCSI Bus Length and External Cables

Bus Rate Bus Length Longest COMPAQ Cable

Speed MT/s Mb/s Meters Feet Number Meters Feet

Fast20402582BN21K-23

BN21L-23

23 82

The SCSI bus in your pedestal is factory-configured as a split bus. One bus is
designated bus D0 and the other as bus D1. An internal eight-position step
switch in the cabinet controls the SCSI bus device address configuration of the
SBB slots in the pedestal. For the RAID Array 3000, the switch is preset at the
factory to configuration 6. This results in a device slot address assignment of 8
through 11 for bus D0 and 8 through 10 for bus D1. Table 3–3 lists the device
addresses for each bus and their corresponding pedestal slot location.

Table 3-3

Assigned Slot Device Addresses in the Pedestal

Slot # 0123456

Bus

D0 D1

Device

Address

8 9 10 11 8 9 10

Reconfiguring the SCSI Bus

WARNING: Only qualified service personnel should reconfigure the SCSI bus.

Dangerous voltages are present within the subsystem. To prevent electrical
shock, always turn the subsystem off and disconnect the power cords before
removing the side panel.

If you want to reconfigure the SCSI bus (to add the Expansion Pedestal Option
to your subsystem installation for example), you must reconfigure the bus.
This involves powering down the subsystem installation, removing the left
side panel, and reconfiguring the bus by changing the setting of the
configuration switch. Adding the Expansion Pedestal Option to your
installation is described in Chapter 4.

Maintenance 3-15

The SCSI bus configuration switch selects the eight (0 – 7) SCSI bus
configurations in the pedestal. Each bus configuration determines the slot
device addresses (0 – 6) for both 8-bit and 16-bit devices. The pedestal is
configured at the factory for split-bus operation (configuration switch set to 6).
To change the configuration of the bus, you must remove the left side panel to
gain access to the backplane and the configuration switch.

NOTE: SCSI device addresses 6 and 7 are reserved for the RAID Array controllers. The
top controller slot in the pedestal is assigned device address 7 and the bottom slot
(redundant controller) is device address 6. The controller allows a maximum of 14 disk
devices on each of its device buses.

To remove the side panel, proceed as follows:

1. Quiesce the host bus by shutting down the host system.

CAUTION: To allow the UPS to supply power while the cache is being flushed
to disk, do not unplug the base pedestal from the UPS.

2. Unplug the base pedestal power cord from the wall outlet.

3. Unplug the UPS power cord from the wall outlet. The UPS will now

signal the controller to flush the cache.

4. Wait until the UPS shuts down completely (this may take several

minutes).

5. Power off the base pedestal and plug the UPS power cord into the wall

outlet.

6. Disconnect the SCSI cable from the host connector on the rear panel.

7. Remove the front door on the pedestal.

8. Remove the cover screw from the left side panel (Figure 3–8).

9. Grasp the handhold at the rear of the panel and pull the panel toward the

rear and clear of the cabinet.

3-16 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 3-8 shows how to remove the screw and panel.

Figure 3-8. Remove screw and panel

Figure 3–9 shows the location of the switch. Figure 3–10 shows the separate
step switches to set the subsystem to the desired SCSI bus configuration (refer
to the label at bottom of pedestal to cross-reference slot SCSI ID addresses
with switch settings).

Maintenance 3-17

NOTE: To decrease the configuration number, Press the upper switch to step the
address down one address at a time (decrement) until the desired configuration number is
displayed.

To increase the configuration number, press the lower switch to step the address up one
address at a time (increment) until the desired configuration number is displayed.

10. Close the side panels and replace the cover screw.

300

0-3

8

6

Figure 3-9. Location of SCSI bus configuration switch

6

Figure 3-10. Configuration switch

NOTE: Reconfiguring the bus also involves cable and bus terminator changes. Chapter 4
“Expansion Pedestal Option” describes, in detail, how to reconfigure the bus.

3-18 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Replacing the Controller Memory Cache
Modules

The two memory cache modules in the RAID controller are replaced by
removing the controller from the pedestal to gain access to the modules. Then,
place the controller on a flat working surface and proceed as follows:

WARNING: To prevent an electrical discharge from damaging the SIMMs,
always wear an ESD wrist strap connected to a suitable ground when handling
the memory chips.

1. Power down the pedestal first and then the UPS.

2. Grasp the latches on the front of the controller and pull them forward

until the controller disengages from the pedestal (Figure 3–11).

3. Remove the controller from the pedestal and place on a flat working

surface.

4. Remove the two installed cache memory SIMM modules by releasing

the locking clips at each end of the module until it disengages and snaps
into an upright position as shown in Figures 3–12 and 3–13.

Figure 3-11. Remove controller

Maintenance 3-19

Figure 3-12 shows how to release the locking clips.

Figure 3-12. Release locking clips

Figure 3-13 shows how to remove the installed SIMM modules.

Figure 13. Remove installed SIMM modules

CAUTION: Ensure the “ side 1” side of the two replacement SIMMs is facing
toward you when installing the modules in the following step.

3-20 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

5. Installed the two replacement memory modules by aligning the module

and connector pins (check alignment guide in center of module) and
gently pivot the module the main controller board until it snaps into
place (Figures 3–14 and 3–15).

6. Replace the controller into the pedestal.

7. Power on the UPS and pedestal and check the activity LEDs on the front

panel of the controller. The reset switch/LED should begin to flash at a
half-second rate (heartbeat) and the host activity LEDs should flash.

Figure 3-14. Install replacement SIMM

Figure 3-15. Pivot SIMM down to secure

Chapter 4

Expansion Pedestal Option

This chapter describes the major features of the expansion pedestal option and
how to connect the option to your RAID Array 3000 storage subsystem.

Product Description

The StorageWorks pedestal expansion option is designed to expand the storage
capacity of the RAID Array 3000 subsystem (Figure 4–1). When connected to
the RAID Array 3000 base pedestal, the expansion option contains the basic
components required to create a dual-pedestal storage array with a 16-bit,
single-ended Ultra SCSI bus. The option enables a user to add up to seven
3½-in SBBs to create a 14-device storage array. The expanded array is
controlled and operated in an identical fashion as the base RAID Array 3000
subsystem.

4-2 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 4-1 shows the Expansion Pedestal.

Figure 4-1. Expansion pedestal

Expansion Pedestal Cabinet

The expansion pedestal cabinet is a modular, freestanding storage cabinet that
is completely self contained with dual fan-cooled power supplies, an internal
UltraSCSI single-ended extender module, and an internal EMU circuit board.
The cabinet dimensions are the same as the subsystem base pedestal which
houses the controller and is normally installed within one meter of the base
cabinet to facilitate the cable connections between the two units. Figure 4–2
shows the expanded subsystem's SBB slots and they are corresponding SCSI
ID addresses. Figure 4–3 shows the items on the rear panel power supplies.
Characteristics of the expansion pedestal cabinet are:

■ The storage device capacity of the expansion pedestal is seven 3½-in.

SBBs.

■ The pedestal slots are numbered 0 through 6 from top to bottom.

■ There are seven SCSI bus device addresses (target IDs) 8 through 14

which can be assigned to the 3½-in SBBs.

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-3

■

There is a single 68-pin, VHDC female SCSI connector on the rear

panel which interconnects the SBB expansion pedestal to the controller
pedestal.

■ The rear panel contains an alarm switch and an external fault condition

connector.

■ The expansion pedestal contains two interchangeable fan-cooled AC

power supplies for redundant power.

■ The expansion pedestal is equipped with an internal configuration

switch which selects one of the eight (0 through 7) subsystem
configurations (set to the correct configuration setting at the factory to
properly integrate the expansion pedestal to the controller pedestal).

3000-19A

EXPANSION PEDESTAL

SLOT 6

SLOT 5

SLOT 4

SLOT 3

SLOT 2

SLOT 1

SLOT 0

ID = 8

ID = 14

Figure 4-2. Expansion pedestal slot locations and ID addresses

4-4 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Figure 4-3 shows the rear panel power supplies.

Figure 4-3. Rear panel power supplies

Expansion Pedestal Components

The expansion pedestal contains a 16-bit, wide/differential UltraSCSI bus, an
Environmental Monitor Unit (EMU), a SCSI bus extender module, and two
universal 50/60 Hz, 100–240 VAC fan-cooled power supplies.

The single-ended UltraSCSI bus is factory-configured as one continuous bus
that runs along the backplane between the disk drive connectors and the
internal cables. These cables connect the drives to the connectors located on
the rear panel of the expansion pedestal. The device addresses on the bus are
set at the factory by an internal configuration switch. When set to a specific
position, the switch controls the addresses of each SBB slot.

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-5

The SCSI bus extender module extends the allowable electrical length of the
bus to accommodate longer physical SCSI cable connections between the base
and expansion pedestals.

The EMU is an internal circuit board, which monitors the operation of the
pedestal (Figure 4–4). The EMU monitors power supply voltages, fans,
temperatures that are reported to the user, and controls (turns on and off) the
audible alarm and status LED on the front panel of the pedestal. It is connected
to the SCSI bus and powered by internal cabling. The following external
components on the rear panel of the expansion pedestal are part of the EMU
board:

■ The alarm switch (S1) that enables (up) or disables (down) the audible

alarm

■ The External Fault Condition connector allows the EMU to monitor the

status of a user-selected device

300

0-3

7

EMU

Figure 4-4. EMU circuit board location

4-6 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Reconfiguring Base Pedestal UltraSCSI
Bus

WARNING: Only qualified service personnel should reconfigure the base

pedestal. Dangerous voltages are present within the subsystem. To prevent
electrical shock, always turn the subsystem off and disconnect the power cords
before removing the side panel.

The RAID Array 3000 base pedestal is factory-configured for split-bus
operation. You must reconfigure the bus in the base subsystem from split-bus
to a through-bus configuration prior to connecting the expansion cabinet to the
base subsystem. The components needed to reconfigure the split-bus in the
base subsystem are included with your pedestal expansion kit option.

WARNING: To prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) from damaging the
controller, always wear an ESD wrist strap connected to a suitable ground
whenever you handle any of the electronic components.

Perform the following procedure to reconfigure the SCSI bus in the base
pedestal from a split-bus to a through-bus configuration:

1. Perform an inventory of the bus conversion items supplied with the

pedestal expansion kit option. The items should consist of:

■ SCSI bus jumper cable 17-04166-03

■ SCSI cable 17-04454-01

2. Quiesce the host bus by shutting down the host system.

CAUTION: To allow the UPS to supply power while the cache is being flushed
to disk, do not unplug the base pedestal from the UPS.

3. Unplug the base power cord from the wall outlet.

4. Unplug the UPS power cord from the wall outlet. The UPS will now

signal the controller to flush the cache.

5. Wait until the UPS shuts down completely (this may take several

minutes).

6. Power off the base pedestal and plug the UPS into the wall outlet.

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-7

7. Remove the side cover from the base pedestal (Figure 4–5).

Figure 4-5. Remove side cover from base pedestal

8. Remove the bus terminator from backplane connector J11

(

➊ Figure 4–6).

SHR-1495

1

Figure 4-6. Remove SCSI bus terminator

4-8 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

9. Remove the SCSI cable from device # 1 connector and backplane

connector J16 (

➊ Figure 4–7).

SHR-1495

1

Figure 4-7. Disconnect SCSI cable

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-9

10. Connect jumper cable 17-04166-03 between the backplane connector

J11 and the backplane connector J16 (Figure 4–8).

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0

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Connect Jumper Cable

J11
J16

Figure 4-8. Connect SCSI jumper

4-10 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

11. Remove the knock-out plate located above the D1 OUT label on the rear

panel of the base pedestal (Figure 4–9).

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0-45

Remove Knockout
from D1 Out

Figure 4-9. Remove connector knockout plate

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-11

12. Connect cable assembly 17-04454-01 between the D1 OUT bulkhead

opening and the device # 1 backplane connector (Figure 4–10). Secure
the bulkhead connector by tightening the two 6-32 SEM screws.

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Connect SCSI Cable

Figure 4-10. Connect SCSI cable

4-12 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Set the bus configuration switch to 7 (Figures 4–11 and 4–12).

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7

Figure 4-11. Set configuration switch to 7

Figure 4-12. Configuration switch

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-13

Figure 4–13 shows the reconfigured SCSI bus addresses of the expanded
subsystem

Figure 4-13. Reconfigured SCSI bus addresses

4-14 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

13. Reinstall the side panel on the base pedestal.

14. Connect the HD68-to-HD68 SCSI cable from the D1 OUT connector on

the base pedestal to the D1 IN connector on the rear of the expansion
pedestal as shown in Figure 4–14.

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Base
Pedestal

Expansion
Pedestal

Figure 4-14. Connect SCSI cable between pedestals

Expansion Pedestal Option 4-15

15. Make the power cable connections between the expansion pedestal, the

UPS, and the AC power source (Figure 4–15).

300

0-5

0

Base

Pedestal

Expansion

Pedestal

UPS

Connector

UPS

AC

Power

AC

Power

AC

Power

Figure 4-15. Power cable connections

CAUTION: If you want to maintain the existing RAID level configuration, three
drives must be relocated from the base pedestal to specific slots in the
expansion pedestal as described in step 13.

4-16 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

16. Transfer the bottom three disk drives (slots 4, 5, and 6) from the base

pedestal to the top three slot locations (slots 0, 1, and 2) in the expansion
pedestal as shown in Figure 4–16.

ID = 8

ID = 9

ID = 10

ID = 11

ID = 12

ID = 13

ID = 14

Expansion Pedestal

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ID = 8

ID = 9

ID = 10

ID = 11

ID = 8

ID = 9

ID = 10

Base Pedestal

Figure 4-16. Transfer drives from base to expansion pedestal

17. Install the new drives in the remaining slots of each pedestal to complete

the installation.

18. Power up the UPS and the two pedestals and then proceed to the

Compaq StorageWorks RAID 3000 Configuration and Maintenance
Guide to configure the expanded subsystem.

Chapter 5

Second Controller Option

This chapter describes how to install a second RAID controller in the RAID
Array 3000 pedestal. The second controller option adds a fail/safe feature to
your storage subsystem. The chapter also contains a procedure describing how
to configure the subsystem for dual-controller operation when only one serial
port is available on the host.

The controller option adds a second (redundant) controller unit to your
subsystem to preserve the integrity of data should the first controller
malfunction. The second controller is installed directly below the existing
controller in the bottom controller slot of the RAID Array 3000 pedestal
(see Figure 5-1).

The installation procedure consists of adding two Single Inline Memory
Modules (SIMM) to the redundant controller and, depending on the option kit
you are installing (see “Second controller option kit in this chapter), one or
two SIMM modules to the existing controller. Following the memory upgrade,
you must upgrade the firmware in both controllers, seat the devices in their
respective controller slots, and configure the subsystem to accommodate a
redundant controller.

5-2 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

Second Controller Option Kit

Perform an inventory of the items contained in the second controller kit
option. The kit should contain the following:

■ RAID Array 3000 controller

■ For option kit DS-HSZ22-AA, 3 SIMMs

■ For option kit DS-HSZ22-AB, 4 SIMMs

■ CD with new firmware

■ Model label

■ Warranty card

■ This guide

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Second
Controller
Slot

Figure 5-1. Second controller pedestal slot location

Second Controller Option 5-3

Installing the Upgrade

WARNING: To prevent an electrical discharge from damaging the SIMMs,

always wear an ESD wrist or foot strap connected to a suitable ground when
handling the memory modules.

NOTE: You can upgrade your firmware using the SCSI or network connection methods.
These methods provide the fastest way to upgrade your firmware. To update your
controller’s firmware, proceed as follows.

Saving Existing Configuration

NOTE: You must save the subsystem configuration using the StorageWorks Command

Console Client (SWCC) before performing the installation procedure. Otherwise, the RAID
controller may lose your configuration.

To save your current configuration:

Select the Storage pull-down menu from the Toolbar. Click Controller, select
Configuration, and then Save (Figure 5-2).

Figure 5-2. Saving the existing configuration

5-4 RAID Array 3000 Pedestal Storage Subsystem Hardware User’s Guide

A Save Configuration screen with a Save to File field appears as shown in
Figure 5-3. The example in Figure 5-3 shows the file name as c:\config1.

Enter your file name in the Save to File field and click Save.

Figure 5-3. Saved configuration

Updating Firmware

CAUTION: If the systems disk is on the RA3000, firmware cannot be upgraded

with SWCC. Establish a temporary system disk on a disk drive outside the
RA3000 and proceed with these instructions or follow the alternative shown in
Section Update Firmware Using Serial Interface.

Updating Firmware Using SWCC

Start SWCC and choose SCSI or Network Connection. From the Storage
menu, select Controller, and then select Update Firmware (Figure 5-4),

Figure 5-4. Update firmware command