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Permitted copies must carry the same proprietary and copyright notices as
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Patents referenced in this document were active as of the printing date of
the manual (see last page for date). The patents referenced herein may
have expired. Y ou are advised to check to see if the patents are still active:
http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/pair
Every effort has been made to ensure that the dat a given in this d ocument
is accurate. The information, figures, tables, specifications and schematics
contained herein are subject to change without notice. Coherent makes no
warranty or representation, either expressed or implied with respect to this
document. In no event will Coherent be liable for any direct, indirect,
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its documentation.
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Technical Support
In the US:
Should you experience difficulties with your product, or need technical
information, please visit our website: www.Coherent.com
additional support by either telephoning our Technical Support Hotline at
1.800.343.4912, or e-mailing our Support Team at
support.instruments@Coherent.com
Monday through Friday (except U.S. holidays).
If you call outside our office hours, your call will be taken by our answering
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If there are technical difficulties with your product that cannot be resolved
by support mechanisms outlined above, please e-mail or telephone
Coherent Technical Support with a description of the problem and the
corrective steps attempted. When communicating with our Technical
Support Department via the web or telephone, the Support Engineer
responding to your request will require the model and serial number of the
product.
Outside the US:
If you are located outside the U.S., visit our website for technical
assistance, or telephone our local Service Repre sentative. Represent ative
phone numbers and addresses can be found on the Coherent website:
www.Coherent.com
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. Telephone coverage is available
. You can obtain
Coherent provides web and telephone technical assist ance as a service to
its customers and assumes no liability thereby for any injury or damage
that may occur contemporaneous with such services. These support
services do not, under any circumstances, af fect the terms of any warranty
agreement between Coherent and the buyer. Operating a Coherent
product with any of its interlocks defeated is always at the operator's risk.
This manual contains user information for the WaveMaster™laser
wavelength meter.
It is the policy of Coherent to comply strictly with U.S. export
control laws.
Export and re-export of lasers manufactured by Coherent are subject
to U.S. Export Administration Regulations, which are administered
by the Commerce Department. In addition, shipments of certain
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The applicable restrictions vary depending on the specific product
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Publication
Updates
To view information that may have been added or changed since this
publication went to print, connect to www.Coherent.com.
v
Page 8
WaveMaster User Manual
Signal Words
and Symbols in
this Manual
Signal Words
This documentation may contain sections in which particular
hazards are defined or special attention is drawn to particular conditions. These sections are indicated with signal words in accordance
with ANSI Z-535.6 and safety symbols (pictorial hazard alerts) in
accordance with ANSI Z-535.3 and ISO 7010.
Four signal words are used in this documentation: DANGER,WARNING, CAUTION and NOTICE.
The signal words DANGER, WARNING and CAUTION desig-
nate the degree or level of hazard when there is the risk of injury:
DANGER!
Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in
death or serious injury. This signal word is to be limited to the
most extreme situations.
WARNING!
Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result
in death or serious injury.
CAUTION!
Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result
in minor or moderate injury.
The signal word “NOTICE” is used when there is the risk of prop-
erty damage:
NOTICE!
Indicates information considered important, but not hazardrelated.
Messages relating to hazards that could result in both personal injury
and property damage are considered safety messages and not property damage messages.
vi
Page 9
Preface
Symbols
The signal words DANGER, WARNING, and CAUTION are
always emphasized with a safety symbol that indicates a special
hazard, regardless of the hazard level:
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the presence of
important operating and maintenance instructions.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the danger of
exposure to hazardous visible and invisible laser radiation.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the presence of
dangerous voltages within the product enclosure that may be of
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the danger of
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) susceptibility.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the danger of
crushing injury.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the danger of a
lifting hazard.
vii
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WaveMaster User Manual
viii
Page 11
SECTION ONE: SAFETY
Carefully review the following safety information to avoid personal
injury and to prevent damage to this instrument or any sensor
connected to it. WaveMaster contains no user-serviceable parts. For
service information, refer to “Obtaining Service” (p. A-2).
DANGER!
The use and measuring of lasers is potentially dangerous. This
instrument operates over wavelengths that include non-visible
laser emissions.
Proper laser operating practice in accordance with manufacturer
recommendations is vital.
Eyewear and other personal protective equipment must be used in
accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Safety
If in doubt of correct operating procedures, consult the laser manufacturer and your laser safety officer.
The equipment is not for use in critical medical environments.
WARNING!
Use only the power cord specified for the meter. The grounding
conductor of the cord must be connected to earth ground.
WARNING!
Do not operate the meter if its panels are removed or any of the
interior circuitry is exposed.
WARNING!
Do not operate the meter in wet or damp conditions, or in an
explosive atmosphere.
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WaveMaster User Manual
NOTICE!
Operate the meter only within the specified voltage range.
NOTICE!
Do not apply a voltage outside the specified range of the input
connections.
NOTICE!
Do not operate the meter if there are suspected failures. Refer
damaged units to qualified Coherent service personnel.
Declaration of
Conformity
Declaration of Conformity certificates are available upon request.
1 - 2
Page 13
SECTION TWO: DESCRIPTION
In this section:
•Unpacking (p. 2-2)
•System description (p. 2-3)
•Maintenance (p. 2-9)
•Replacement parts (p. 2-10)
WaveMaster™ provides a simple and quick method of determining
the wavelength of lasers in the 380 to 1095 nm range, to an accuracy
of 0.01 nm or better. It can measure CW, pulsed, and single shot
lasers. There are four available units of measurement:
•Wavelength in air (nm, at standard temperature and pressure)
•Wavelength in vacuum (nm)
•Wave number in vacuum (cm
-1
)
Description
•Frequency (GHz)
WaveMaster has an internal calibration system based on precisely
known wavelengths of neon spectral lines. Periodic recalibration is
performed automatically to ensure measurement accuracy.
Laser input to the instrument is by means of a standard ST type fiber
optic connector, which means that WaveMaster can be situated in
any convenient position and does not require alignment with the
laser source.
An input sensor with a 2-meter fiber cable is supplied for capturing
or sampling of the beam, but other inputs having a suitable
connector may be provided by the user. The maximum input to this
front panel connector should be limited to 100 mW so as to avoid
internal damage.
A front panel intensity meter assists in aligning the sensor and in
establishing a suitable signal strength level for measurement, which
can be adjusted by means of the built in front panel attenuator.
The measured value is displayed in large, easily read characters on
a LCD panel, which also carries information on the status of the
instrument. The display contrast may be set by the user to suit the
ambient conditions and back lighting is available as required.
Remote operation is accommodated by means of an RS-232 or USB
serial port.
Specifications for WaveMaster are listed in “Appendix B: Specifications” (p. B-1).
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WaveMaster User Manual
Unpacking
NOTICE!
WaveMaster contains accurately aligned optical components
and should not be subjected to severe shocks, such as those
generated when dropped. The supplied shipping carton is
recommended for use whenever the instrument is transported.
The shipping carton should be inspected for any visible damage.
Check that the carton contains:
1.CD containing the User manual and the USB driver.
2.The WaveMaster instrument
3.Another carton containing:
•WaveMaster mains power supply plus three adapter
plugs
•Mounting base
•Mounting post (½-inch dia. x 75 mm)
•Post holder (3-inch, ¼ x 20)
•WaveMaster sensor
•USB cable
Inspect each of the following items for damage as they are removed
from the cartons:
1.CD
2.The WaveMaster instrument
3.The WaveMaster sensor, post, holder, and stand
4.The power supply
The desiccant packed with the instrument should be discarded.
Advise Coherent Inc. of any shortages or damage immediately—refer to “Obtaining Service” (p. A-2). A Returned Material
Authorization (RMA) will be issued for any damaged instruments—refer to “Product Shipping Instructions” (p. A-3).
2 - 2
Page 15
Description
System
Description
Display Unit
Front Panel Controls
The WaveMaster equipment consists of three units:
•The display unit
•The sensor
•The power supply
Figure 2-1. Front Panel
Here is a description of the various controls and displays:
ON/OFF: Pressing this button toggles the power to the instrument.
When switching ON, the yellow Pulse Received indicator will light
and stay lit until characters appear on the display. This takes a few
seconds. When switching OFF, the message “Powering Off” appears
on the display for a few seconds while the instrument shuts down.
The current state of the instrument settings is saved during shutdown and reinstated at the next start-up.
BACKLIGHT: Pressing this button toggles the display back light
and meter lamp on and off.
CONTRAST: These two buttons allow the user to set
a display contrast level appropriate to the ambient lighting conditions. Holding the buttons down causes the contrast to change
continuously (between limits).
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WaveMaster User Manual
AUTOCAL: Pressing this button toggles the internal automatic
calibration process on and off. The current state is shown in the
“Autocal” box on the display above the button. In normal circumstances, AUTOCAL should be left ON to ensure measurement accuracy. Turning AUTOCAL off and then on forces an immediate
internal calibration.
UNITS: Pressing this button cycles through the four available units:
nm air, nm vacuum, wavenumber (cm-1), and frequency (GHz). The
current unit selected is shown to the right of the measured value on
the display.
MODE: Pressing this button cycles through the three modes: CW,
CW Av, and Pulse. The mode in use is displayed in the “Mode” box
on the display above the button.
PULSE RECEIVED: Apart from being lit during power up—refer
to “ON/OFF” (p. 2-3)—this indicator is only active when the instrument is in pulse mode. In this mode, it flashes every time a valid
pulse measurement is made.
INPUT: This is a combined fiber optic input connector and attenu-
ator. The connector accepts the fiber optic cable that is part of the
sensor assembly. Turning the attenuator clockwise (+) increases the
signal delivered to the instrument, and turning the attenuator counterclockwise (-) decreases the signal.
NOTICE!
The connector is an ST type and only cables terminated with this
type of coupling must be used. Attempts to use other connectors
may cause damage. Additionally, to avoid internal damage, the
maximum input power to the instrument front panel attenuator
must not exceed 100 mW.
INTENSITY: This indicates the signal strength as seen by the
instrument on a meter scale with red and green zones. It is not a
measurement of laser power.
The sensor and input attenuator should be adjusted so that the meter
needle is in the green scale area and preferably towards the
right-hand side. The red region to the right of the scale indicates
danger of signal overload. The red region to the left of the scale indicates too low a signal, although a valid reading may still be
displayed.
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Page 17
Description
Front Panel DisplayThe LCD presents all the information about the measurement and
operation status of the instrument. Its contrast can be controlled
between limits to suit the ambient lighting conditions. Additionally,
it can be backlit, together with the intensity meter, to further improve
visibility.
The upper part of the screen is used principally for the display of
measurements in the selected units, with a blank display indicating
that no valid reading is available or possible. The selected unit is
indicated to the right of the numerical part of the display. The
number format is shown in the following table.
Table 2-1. Front Panel Display Numbers Format
Units
nanometers airup to 43nm air
nanometers vacuumup to 43nm vac
wavenumber52cm
frequency61GHz
Digits Before
Decimal Place
Digits After
Decimal Place
Display
-1
In CW mode the display is updated at 3 Hz with the last reading
taken.
In CW Av mode, the display is updated at 3 Hz with an average of
the last 10 readings taken by the instrument. When the signal is
removed, the last reading is displayed for 3 seconds until the display
blanks.
In PULSE mode, when a valid pulse is detected by WaveMaster, the
display will show the reading for that pulse for 15 seconds or until
another valid pulse or error condition is detected. Note that the Pulse
Received light also flashes when a valid pulse is detected.
There are circumstances when a valid measurement cannot be
displayed or such a display is not appropriate. In these cases a text
message is presented in the measurement area. All such messages
that can be generated by WaveMaster and the situations in which
they are produced are discussed, below.
INITIALIZING: Appears immediately after power on while the
internal hardware and software initialization takes place.
AUTOCAL: An internal wavelength calibration is taking place.
AUTORANGING: Internal adjustments are being made to accom-
modate the input signal level.
SATURATED: The input signal level is too high and must be
reduced by using the front panel attenuator or other means.
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WaveMaster User Manual
MULTI-LINE: More than one wavelength is present in the input
signal. Frequently this is the case with diode lasers.
POWERING OFF: The last message before the instrument
switches off. It is usually a result of operating the OFF switch or
automatic power-down (when enabled) in battery operation. Irrecoverable error situations can arise that result in automatic power off
action being taken.
AUTOCAL FAIL: The internal wavelength calibration has failed.
The instrument continues operating after this occurs and will shortly
attempt a further calibration cycle. If it occurs as part of the
power-on sequence, automatic power down follows.
FATAL ERROR: A serious irrecoverable internal error has been
detected. Automatic power down follows. If it is a transient fault,
then powering back on should be possible.
MEM FAILURE: A serious internal memory fault has been
detected. This can only be rectified by return for servicing.
FACTORY MODE: A serious internal error has been detected.
This can only be rectified by return for servicing.
The lower part of the display contains information about the state of
the instrument.
REMOTE/LOCAL: Indicates whether the instrument is being
controlled from a separate computer (Remote) or from the front
panel (Local). In remote mode, the AUTOCAL, UNITS, and MODE
buttons are inoperative.
AUTOCAL: This box is positioned above the AUTOCAL button
and indicates whether autocalibration is on or off. In the OFF state,
the legend flashes to indicate that this non-preferred state (when
quoted accuracy cannot be guaranteed) has been selected.
MODE: This box is positioned above the MODE button and indi-
cates which of the three modes (CW, CW Av, or PULSE) is currently
selected.
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Page 19
Description
RS-232
Connector
USB Type A
Connector
12 VDC Power In
Connector
Rear PanelThe rear panel of the WaveMaster (Figure 2-2, below) provides the
electrical connections, as well as USB and RS-232 interfaces.
The WaveMaster serial number is engraved on the back panel and is
of the form W, followed by four digits. This number should be noted
whenever you contact Coherent in regards to your WaveMaster.
Figure 2-2. Rear Panel
The items on the rear panel and their respective functions are
described, below.
12 VDC Power In Connector: Only the power supply shipped with
the WaveMaster should be connected to the instrument. The power
supply comes with mains plugs for most countries, and can be
connected to voltages from 90 to 240 VAC.
NOTICE!
Using a power supply other than the one shipped with the
product may cause the instrument to fail.
USB Type A Connector
RS-232 Connector: This is a female 9-pin D connector. The pin out
for this connector is given in Table 3-1 (p. 3-3).
Sensor
An input sensor—supplied as part of the WaveMaster
system—provides a versatile and convenient way of collecting laser
energy for measurement. The sensor may be attached to a standard
mounting post and a post, post-holder, and base are also supplied.
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WaveMaster User Manual
1
6
5
4
3
2
There is a switch on the top of the sensor which offers two input
collection options: In one position the sensor has a wide field of
view but reduced sensitivity. The other position provides maximum
sensitivity but reduced collection angle. The sensor is provided with
a captive fiber-optic cable—two meters in length—for connection to
the WaveMaster.
Figure 2-3. Exploded and Sectioned View of Laser Input Sensor Front End
The front end of the sensor is designed to provide as much flexibility
in the method of use as possible. The nosepiece (1) contains an
uncoated thin glass plate at 45 degrees to the sensor axis. This allows
the sensor to be inserted at 90 degrees to a beam to collect a few
percent of the radiation, while allowing the remainder of the radiation to pass through. The nosepiece screws into the front part of the
sensor assembly (3) and the orientation of the 45-degree plate can be
set by means of the lock ring (2). There is a hole in the front of the
nosepiece which may be used as an axial input for a laser beam. If
this is used, care must be taken to ensure that the energy reflected
from the glass plate is absorbed safely. The nosepiece can be
completely removed for direct axial input
The front part of the sensor (3) screws onto the main sensor body (6)
and may be used to hold a 12.7 mm filter or diffuser (4 - not
supplied) in place. Item (5) is a plastic retaining washer.
The uncoated glass plate used for beam splitting in the sensor nose
unit may not preserve the wave front quality in certain applications,
although the signal passed to the WaveMaster is of acceptable
quality for its measurement. If continuous sampling of a signal in an
optical set up is required, then the signal to the WaveMaster sensor
should be extracted using appropriate laser quality beam splitting
optics.
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Page 21
Power Supply
Description
As an alternative to using the sensor, the user may supply their own
input, provided it is a fiber terminated in a standard ST connector for
connection to the front panel of the instrument.
NOTICE!
The maximum safe input (to prevent damage) must be limited to
100 mW, although this level is far too high for measurement.
NOTICE!
The switch-mode mains power supply provided as part of the
WaveMaster system is the only power supply that is to be used
to provide external power.
Maintenance
The power supply requires assembly by sliding the mains plug
adapter appropriate to the country of use onto the power supply
body. It is not recommended that the adapter is changed frequently,
but this interchangeability can be convenient if WaveMaster is to be
operated in different countries.
The output lead from the power supply is connected to the socket on
the rear panel of the instrument.
NOTICE!
The display and window should be cleaned using only a cloth
moistened with water. Do not use chemicals or cleaners. The
WaveMaster should not be sprayed with anything.
WaveMaster contains no user-serviceable parts. Under no circumstances should the instrument case be opened. WaveMaster contains
delicate optical components that have been carefully aligned.
WaveMaster includes an internal calibration system, which the
system uses to self-calibrate against the output spectrum of a neon
source. During this calibration, WaveMaster measures the wave-
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WaveMaster User Manual
length of 13 separate neon emission lines distributed across its
measurement range, and compares measured values with known,
published values. WaveMaster automatically recalibrates itself if
these measurements fall outside tolerance.
WaveMaster performs this internal calibration when first powered
up and at intervals of approximately 1 minute thereafter.
Due to its automatic internal calibration against atomic spectral
lines, WaveMaster does not require additional calibration during
manufacture or during service life. WaveMaster should be considered permanently calibrated.
Replacement
Parts
WaveMaster sensor1058563
WaveMaster manual (available on our website: www.Coherent.com)
Table 2-2 (below) lists available replacement items.
Table 2-2. Replacement Parts
ItemPart Number
The nose unit accepts ½-inch diameter filters of various thicknesses—item 4 in Figure 2-3 (p. 2-8). The thread on the front of the
nose unit is 0.535 inch x 40 UNC—item 3 in Figure 2-3 (p. 2-8).
The fiber optic cable on the sensor can be extended using readily
available standard cables that are terminated with an ST connector
on each end. They should be attached to the sensor ST connector
using a female-female adapter. These items are available from many
general distributors as standard fiber patch cords intended for
networking/communications applications. A multi-mode 62.5/125
micron fiber is recommended. The very high input sensitivity of
WaveMaster ensures there are no problems with attenuation by the
cable, even if very long lengths are used.
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SECTION THREE: OPERATION
In this section:
•Making a measurement (this page)
•Remote operation (p. 3-2)
•Getting the best from WaveMaster (p. 3-10)
Operation
Making a
Measurement
Once the instrument has been set up, press the POWER button. The
instrument will now cycle through its self-test sequence. If this does
not occur, refer to “Section Four: Frequently Asked Questions”
(p. 4-1) for advice on possible easily-rectified error conditions.
After approximately five seconds, the instrument will enter its autocalibration mode. Once the AUTOCAL message has cleared from
the display area, WaveMaster is ready to take measurements. The
best results, as with any high-accuracy measurement instrument, are
achieved after a suitable warm up period. System settings at the last
power off will have been remembered by the instrument and will
now be in effect. (Even though autocalibration may have been
disabled, WaveMaster will always perform an initial calibration as
part of its power up sequence. Also, it will always power up ready
for local control.)
It is now necessary to adjust the level of input signal to the instrument. This is achieved using the messages and reading on the
display in conjunction with the indication on the intensity meter. The
aim is to have the intensity indication well into the right-hand side
of the green sector of the scale.
If the display screen is currently blank and the intensity meter indicating in the red region at the left-hand of the scale, more input
signal is required. It is worth first adjusting the front panel attenuator
in a clockwise direction (+) to see if this achieves the necessary
increase in signal. If not, then adjust the alignment of the sensor with
the laser beam. The acceptance angle of the sensor is quite small and
care must be taken in the alignment to ensure that the laser radiation
is focused onto the sensor fiber-optic cable.
Note that while adjustments to the input signal level are being
carried out, the message AUTORANGING may appear on the
display screen. This occurs as the instrument responds to significant
input level changes by automatically making internal adjustments.
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WaveMaster User Manual
The intensity meter indicates the absolute input signal level and
takes account of any internal ranging carried out. Internal ranging
occurs in the CW and CW Av mode, but not in Pulse mode.
If the display screen currently shows the message SATURATED and
the intensity meter is in the red region at the right-hand of the scale,
less input signal is required. Adjust the front panel attenuator in a
counter-clockwise direction (-) to decrease input signal. If this does
not reduce the signal level far enough then the alignment of the
sensor with the laser beam may be altered to sample less of the signal
or additional attenuation placed between the signal being measured
and the sensor.
When adjusted for the correct intensity level, the wavelength
reading should be displayed on the screen. It will be in the
currently-selected unit chosen from nm in “air” (at standard laboratory temperature and pressure (STP)), nm vacuum calculated by
conversion from STP, wave number (cm-1), or frequency (GHz). A
valid measurement can be achieved over a wide range of front panel
attenuator settings and is not influenced by the input signal level.
The preferred signal level, however, is with the intensity reading in
the right-hand part of the green region of the scale.
Remote
Operation
If the display shows MULTI-LINE, the input signal is composed of
multiple wavelengths or is too wide in bandwidth. Many diode lasers
will exhibit this until they thermally stabilize. By decreasing the
input signal level using the front panel attenuator, it may be possible
to get wavelength readings by decreasing the very adjacent spectral
lines below the detection level of the instrument. Such a technique
will not work with genuinely polychromatic sources.
Further advice on making measurements can be found in “Getting
the Best from WaveMaster” (p. 3-10) and “Section Four: Frequently
Asked Questions” (p. 4-1).
By connecting the WaveMaster to an external computer (through
either of the interfaces), measurements and other instrument settings
can be read, stored, and controlled. The WaveMaster also features a
mode for automatic periodic output of wavelength data and allows
the computer to be used as a logging device.
The WaveMaster offers a choice of RS-232 and USB computer
interfaces for remote operation. Once data has been sent on an interface, only that interface can be used to control the instrument. It is
necessary to power off to effect a change of controlling interface.
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Operation
Introduction
Computer interface features:
1.WaveMaster can be treated as a wavelength transducer.
2.The command set is the same for both RS-232 and USB hardware interfaces.
3.Commands are insensitive to case (in this document, UPPER
CASE is used throughout).
4.Commands that take parameters ignore unnecessary white
space characters.
5.Multiple commands can be sent on a single line, separated by
the semicolon (;) character.
6.Only one of the RS-232 or USB interfaces can be active at any
time and is automatically selected after the data is received
from the host controller. If the type of interface is changed, the
instrument must be powered off and back on.
Unless stated otherwise, values given are in decimal unless the
number is of the form 0xdd, which is used for bit patterns more naturally expressed in hexadecimal. The input and output of such values
do not use the 0x characters. Single-bit values in byte type values
(that is, status bytes) are active high (=1) unless otherwise indicated.
RS-232 Hardware
Connection
Table 3-1 shows how the 9-pin socket on the rear panel is wired.
Table 3-1. 9-Pin Socket Pinout
PinFunction
1No connection
2RXD
3TXD
4No connection
5GND
6No connection
7RTS
8CTS
9No connection
Table 3-2 (p. 3-4) lists the serial line communication parameters.
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WaveMaster User Manual
Table 3-2. Serial Line Communication Parameters
Parameter Setting
Baud rate9600
ParityNone
Data bits8
Stop bits1
WaveMaster uses the CTS & RTS hardware flow control facilities.
The above assignment is designed to be compatible with other
Coherent instruments.
A straight-through (not null modem) connection is needed when
connected to a serial port.
If a three-wire interface is more convenient, it is essential that pins
7 and 8 (CTS/RTS signals) are wired together at the WaveMaster
end of the connecting cable (this is most readily achieved inside the
connector).
USB Hardware
Parameters
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is an industry standard that defines the
cables, connectors, and protocols used for connection, communication, and power supplies between computers and electronic devices.
Communication with the Wavemaster USB can be made via a
terminal emulator program.
Table 3-3. USB Hardware Parameters
Signal5 VDC
Max. voltage 5V (± 5%)
Max current 500 mA @ 5V
Data signalPacket data
Width1 bit
Bit rate4,000 Mbit/sec.
ProtocolSerial
Standard USB A plug
Pin 1Vcc (+ 5V)
Pin 2Data -
Pin 3Data +
Pin 4Ground
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Page 27
Operation
Commands
Overview
The commands offered are the same whether control is through
RS-232 or USB.
In WaveMaster, all commands are sequential. The IEE488.2
commands provided for synchronization are recognized in the
implementation but have no effect on the operation. When using
RS-232 it is not possible to generate a Service Request signal. The
six commands used to configure or interrogate for a Service
Request-related function have no effect when used on RS-232; the
value returned will reflect any values sent or its default state.
Each command sent with any parameters is checked for correctness.
If in error, the command is not executed. The error is reported as a
numeric code in the error return message. The format and codes are
defined in “Error Formats” (p. 3-9) and Table 3-14 (p. 3-9). The user
is responsible for checking any error return made.
In the case of multiple commands on a line, all commands up to the
one in error are executed; the one in error and any remaining
commands are not executed. The error return additionally indicates
the numeric order of the command causing the error.
IEEE 488.2
Commands when
using RS-232
Table 3-4. IEEE 488.2 Commands When Using RS-232
MnemonicMeaningComments
*CLSClear status registersClears event status and status byte registers
*ESESet Event Status Enable registerSee Table 3-5 (p. 3-6) - typical value is 0x34
*ESE?Read Event Status Enable register See Table 3-5 (p. 3-6) - typical return is 0x34
*ESR?Event Status register querySee Table 3-5 (p. 3-6)
*OPC?Operation complete queryAll operations sequential so always returns 1
*RST
*SRESet Service Request Enable
*SRE?Service Request Enable register
*STB?Status Byte querySee Table 3-6 (p. 3-6)
*TST?Self Test querySee Table 3-9 (p. 3-7) - output in hexadecimal
*WAIWait to continue commandNo effect
Operation complete
Reset
register
query
Sets bit 0 of ESE register on operation complete. Not
applicable since all operations sequential.
The WaveMaster can only be reset through power
down. Command has no effect on operation.
Not applicable - any parameter set has no effect. See
Table 3-1 (p. 3-3)
Not applicable - always returns 0
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WaveMaster User Manual
Event Status Enable
and Event Status
Register
Table 3-5. Event Status Enable and Event Status Register
Status Byte
Each bit set in the enable register will result in setting of same status
register bit when the event occurs. All input and output is in hexadecimal.
BitMeaning
0Output complete
2Execution error
4Query error
5Command error
1, 3, 6 and 7 Currently undefined
Reading event status register resets it to 0.
Table 3-6. Status Byte
BitMeaning
4Message available
0-3 and 5-7 Currently undefined
Service Request
Enable Register
IDN Fields
Reading status byte resets it to 0. All output is in hexadecimal.
Table 3-7. Service Request Enable Register
BitMeaning
4Message available
5Event occurred in Event Status register
0-3 and 6-7 Currently undefined
Table 3-8. IDN Fields
FieldContents
1Coherent Inc.
2WaveMaster
3Unique serial number {W####}
4Firmware revision {A#.#V#.#}
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Self-Test Codes
The four fields are separated by the ‘,’ character. The “#” character
represents a single decimal digit. The format of field 4 reflects that
there are two distinct programmable units within WaveMaster.
Table 3-9. Self-Test Codes
BitMeaning
0Power on self check status (1 = passed)
1Battery status (1 = battery low)
Power source (0 = Mains PSU, 1 = internal battery
2
(no longer available))
Number of autocalibration failures since last interrogated.
4-7
0xF is maximum count. Reset to 0 after reading.
Operation
IEEE 488.2
Commands when
using USB
Table 3-10. IEEE 488.2 Commands When Using USB
MnemonicMeaningComments
*SRE
*SRE?
Set Service Request Enable
register
Service Request Enable register
query
User Commands
The tables above apply, with the exception of *SRE & *SRE?,
which are defined below. The USB serial polling facility is used to
set bit 0 in the SRQ register for every message sent from WaveMaster. This is necessary to allow the USB controlling program
remote to the instrument to handle the generation of unsolicited data
that is produced when running in a logging mode of operation using
the PRD command.
Any parameter set has no effect since
this mode is mandated.
Bit 4 is set to 1 if there is an unserviced
message waiting. See Table 3-7 (p. 3-6)
Almost all commands exist in both the set data form and return data
(query) form. The latter always needs to have ? as the last character.
Where appropriate, values returned will use the same format as
setting of parameters.
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WaveMaster User Manual
Parameter Setting
Commands
MnemonicMeaningParameters
CALChange autocalibration state ON or OFF
LOCSet to LOCAL modeNone
MDESet data capture mode
PRD
REMSet to REMOTE modeNone
UNISet measurement units
Table 3-11. Parameter Setting Command
C for CW
A for CW Average
P for Pulse
Set period between regular output
of data and initiate process
Integer for seconds
0 turns process off
5 seconds is minimum
A for wavelength in air in nm
V for vacuum wavelength in nm
F for frequency in GHz
W for wave number in cm
-1
Query CommandsQueries return the three-character mnemonic followed by $ and then
the value returned, unless otherwise indicated.
Table 3-12. Query Commands
MnemonicMeaningValue Returned
CAL?Return autocalibration stateON or OFF
LOC?Return front panel status
MDE?Return data capture mode
PRD?
REM?Return front panel status
UNI?Return measurement units
VA L ?
Return period between regular
outputs of data
Return last valid measurement
and its time tag
LOC$ if local
REM$ if remote
C for CW
A for CW Average
P for Pulse
Integer in seconds
0 indicates turned off
REM$ if remote
LOC$ if local
A for wavelength in air in nm
V for vacuum wavelength in nm
F for frequency in GHz
W for wave number in cm
Uses VAL$ - see Table 3-13 (p. 3-9)
-1
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Operation
VAL$ FormatOutput of measured data is provided by the VAL$ returned from the
WaveMaster. There are two fields separated by a ‘,’ character.
Table 3-13. VAL$ Format
FieldContents
1Integer time tag in internal timing units of 10 ms
Measurement in currently selected units
2
(max. of 8 characters, including a decimal point or other text mirroring the display)
The same format is used regardless of whether it is a single enquiry
or data being output periodically at the user's request. It is the obligation of the user to remove any periodic data at a reasonable rate.
Field 2 text can be the message SATURATED, MULTI-LINE, or
NO SIGNAL. The latter only applies to single use of the VAL?
command and indicates that the last valid measurement has already
been output. In the case of periodic output, no new data is produced
if there has been no signal input in the current period.
Error Formats
CodeErrorPossible Cause
1Invalid command or queryIncorrect spelling of command, missing ;
2Invalid parameter
3Invalid valueNumeric parameter out of range
4Privilege violation
Too many multiple commands
5
on a single line
6Parameter missingCommand that takes parameter has not had one supplied.
7Data unavailable
A single message type (ERR$, followed by a two-digit code) is
provided for reporting detected command errors. In the case of
multiple commands on a line, this is then followed by a slash (/) and
the command number in the sequence that generated the reported
error. Only the first command in error is reported.
Table 3-14. Error Codes
Error in non-numeric text parameter or additional
information detected.
Privileged command sent but not in privileged mode or
password in error
Limit is 32.
Internal error. The exact circumstances generating the
error should be reported to Coherent.
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WaveMaster User Manual
Getting the Best
from
WaveMaster
WaveMaster is inherently capable of giving highly accurate and
repeatable results. This can be enhanced by a few elementary
precautions.
The fiber input should be fastened down to avoid any undue movement. Due to mode structure changes as the fiber is moved, amplitude variations may be seen if it is left so that its position can change.
Similarly, a very small change in wavelength (still well within the
accuracy specification) may be reported as the fiber is moved.
The best results, as with any high-accuracy measurement instrument, are achieved after a suitable warm up period. WaveMaster
requires approximately four hours to reach the best thermal stability;
however, measurements taken during this stabilization period are
still well within the accuracy specification.
The embedded optics are protected from vibration by the internal
mounting method used, but shocks adjacent to the WaveMaster
during measurements should be avoided.
Correct alignment of the sensor can assist in getting the optimum
level of signal for WaveMaster operation. The sensor allows for
entry of the input signal either along, or perpendicular to, the sensor
axis. The collar on the front can be rotated to align the pick off beam
splitter. It should be firmly tightened after setting to prevent any
further rotation. The nosepiece can be completely removed to allow
the maximum signal into the sensor along its axis. The lever on the
top of the sensor provides two options: narrow field of view/high
sensitivity, and wider field/lower sensitivity.
WaveMaster only requires a very small amount of laser energy to
make measurements. If plenty of energy is available, it may be
possible to place a diffuser in the sensor, which then makes alignment much less critical. Alternatively, a rotating diffuser placed just
before the sensor can ease the alignment requirements and overcome
most of the fiber movement problems at the same time. However,
this is not suitable for pulsed laser measurements.
When running in a logging mode, the input on the intensity meter is
best adjusted to about mid-scale of what is expected to be the
maximum input signal level. Any amplitude variations to lower
signal levels are then automatically handled by the autoranging
feature and there is less chance of saturation occurring if the signal
increases. Note that many lasers exhibit quite wide amplitude variations when run over an extended period.
When taking measurements of single shot pulse lasers, no triggering
of the WaveMaster is required. To ensure the event is captured, it is
recommended that the autocalibration be turned off immediately
prior to the event. The autocalibration should be reinstated after the
measurement to ensure continuing measurement accuracy. This
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Operation
procedure avoids the instrument performing a periodic autocalibration during a critical time for the user. Such a sequence can be
readily automated using the external communication facilities
provided.
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WaveMaster User Manual
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Frequently Asked Questions
SECTION FOUR: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
FAQs listed in the following table provide information about the
internal operation of WaveMaster, and answer to the most
commonly-encountered problems.
Table 4-1. Frequently Asked Questions (Sheet 1 of 2)
QuestionResponse
How does it work?The WaveMaster is a high diffraction order spectrometer. Wavelength is determined by
careful measurement of the separation between the diffracted orders. Much of the accuracy and simplicity in use is achieved through software-implemented algorithms running
in the digital signal processor and conventional microprocessor in the instrument.
Why won't it power up?If WaveMaster is connected to the mains power unit and the yellow Pulse Received light
does not light, then the rear panel connector may not be making a good connection and
should be re-inserted. It is also possible that the mains psu has failed. This should give
12 VDC with the center of the connector positive.
Why does it power up but
powers off very shortly
afterwards?
Why won’t it power
down?
Why does it appear to be
working but there is
nothing on the display?
What is autoranging?Autoranging is displayed when the instrument is making internal adjustments to its inte-
Why does it display
multi-line?
Why does the displayed
measurement flip between
values?
This does happen very occasionally. Restarting the instrument a second time should
clear the problem.
A persistent failure to start indicates a serious internal problem. The message that
appears briefly on the display provides some information about the cause of the failure.
The most likely cause is that the internal optics have become misaligned (probably
through undue shock) or the spectral calibration source has failed. The WaveMaster
should be returned to Coherent for servicing—refer to “Obtaining Service” (p. A-2).
Under a rare temporary fault condition, it is possible that the Power button on the front
panel will not operate. To power down the instrument, insert a non-metallic sensor or
adjustment tool into the small hole on the right-hand side of the case and press the
internal cut-out switch. If the problem recurs, contact Coherent for assistance—refer to
Table A-1 (p. A-2) for contact information.
The LCD has contrast that is sensitive to temperature. If the instrument has been taken
from a cold environment, the LCD contrast will need adjusting. This is done by using
the front panel controls to restore the displayed information.
gration period for the detector array. This ensures that a very wide dynamic range can be
offered to the user with the minimal need for intervention.
Due to the method of operation, WaveMaster has to work on the assumption that the
input is monochromatic. Laser diodes are particularly prone during periods of unstable
operation to generate distinct spectral content of very small amplitude very close to the
principal wavelength. Other laser sources may contain much more diversely-separated
wavelengths. In neither case can the WaveMaster algorithms resolve the spectral
content.
This is due to the behavior exhibited by the input source. Laser diodes are particularly
prone to this and WaveMaster has the accuracy to report such events. It has even been
observed on sophisticated frequency stabilized lasers when they have shown an odd
period of instability.
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WaveMaster User Manual
Table 4-1. Frequently Asked Questions (Sheet 2 of 2)
QuestionResponse
Why does the signal level
change rapidly?
Why does movement of
the fiber cause changes to
the wavelength measurement?
Why is the displayed
measurement drifting?
Why does the autocalibration interval vary?
Why turn autocal off?It is normally recommended that the WaveMaster be left in autocalibration mode. When
Why can’t I get RS-232
communications?
This may be caused by movement of the fiber input to WaveMaster. The fiber is
multi-mode, and the various modes propagating down the fiber interfere, thereby
causing intensity variations at the detector array. To overcome this, try to ensure that the
fiber cannot move, possibly by securing it with tape at one or more points. Even very
small movements can cause significant intensity changes.
This is due to multi-mode interference causing slight changes in the distribution of
energy at the detector array. The variations in wavelength are, however, very small and
well within the accuracy of the instrument.
The autocalibration may have been turned off. This is indicated by the flashing legend
in the Autocal box on the display. It could also be caused by the behavior exhibited by
the input source and WaveMaster has the accuracy and stability to track the wavelength
drift. Many apparently stable sources show drift characteristics when measured to the
accuracy that WaveMaster offers. Pulsed YAG laser drift as the crystal heats up is easily
observed, as are the rapid wavelength changes a diode laser makes.
The internal calibration is principally needed to overcome internal optical drift as a result
of thermal changes. Once the temperature of the instrument has stabilized, longer
periods are used to ensure that the WaveMaster spends as much time as possible making
input signal measurements and not calibrating itself. The user is unaware of the effect of
external ambient temperature changes through the adaptive autocalibration scheme
employed.
using CW or pulsed lasers with a high repetition rate, a continuous reading can be
displayed. In pulse mode with single shot operation, it is possible that the signal will
arrive while an internal calibration is taking place and thus an input measurement cannot
be made. By turning the autocalibration off before the event, such situations can be
avoided. The autocalibration should be reinstated after the measurement to ensure
continuing measurement accuracy. Note that turning autocalibration back on will cause
WaveMaster to recalibrate immediately, so that if the user wishes to force a recalibration,
it is only necessary to turn Autocal off and then on again.
Check that the receiving serial port has been set to the correct parameters as given in
“RS-232 Hardware Connection” (p. 3-3). A null modem is not required, all connections
being wired directly. The RTS/CTS lines are used, but can be unconnected at the host
end provided they are wired together at the WaveMaster connector.
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APPENDIX A: WARRANTY
In this section:
•Limited warranty (this page)
•Warranty limitations (this page)
•Obtaining service (p. A-2)
•Product shipping instructions (p. A-3)
Warranty
Limited
Warranty
Warranty
Limitations
Coherent, Inc. (the “Company”) warrants WaveMaster (“Product”)
to the original purchaser (the “Customer”) that the product is free
from defects in materials and workmanship and complies with all
specifications, active at the time of purchase, for a period of twelve
(12) months.
Coherent, Inc. will, at its option, repair or replace any product or
component found to be defective during the warranty period. This
warranty applies only to the original purchaser and is not transferable.
The foregoing warranties shall not apply, and Coherent reserves the
right to refuse warranty service, should malfunction or failure result
from:
•Damage caused by improper installation, handling, or use.
•Laser damage (including sensor elements damaged beyond
repair).
•Failure to follow recommended maintenance procedures.
•Unauthorized product modification or repair.
•Operation outside the environmental specifications of the
product.
Coherent assumes no liability for Customer-supplied material
returned with Products for warranty service or recalibration.
THIS WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES WHETHER WRITTEN, ORAL, OR IMPLIED.
COHERENT SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH
ITS PRODUCTS.
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WaveMaster User Manual
Obtaining
Service
In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify
the Company of the defect before the expiration of the warranty
period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of
service. The Company shall, in its sole discretion, determine
whether to perform warranty service at the Customer's facility, at the
Company's facility or at an authorized repair station.
If Customer is directed by the Company to ship the product to the
Company or a repair station, Customer shall package the product (to
protect from damage during shipping) and ship it to the address
specified by the Company, shipping prepaid. The customer shall pay
the cost of shipping the Product back to the Customer in conjunction
with repair; the Company shall pay the cost of shipping the Product
back to the Customer in conjunction with product failures within the
first twelve months of time of sale.
A Returned Material Authorization number (RMA) assigned by the
Company must be included on the outside of all shipping packages
and containers. Items returned without an RMA number are subject
to return to the sender.
For the latest Customer Service information, refer to our website:
www.Coherent.com.
Detailed instructions on how to prepare a product for shipping are
shown under “Product Shipping Instructions” (p. A-3).
1.Contact Coherent Customer Service—refer to Table A-1
(p. A-2) for a Return Material Authorization number.
2.Attach a tag to the product that includes the name and address
of the owner, the person to contact, the serial number, and the
RMA number you received from Coherent Customer Service.
3.Wrap the product with polyethylene sheeting or equivalent
material.
4.If the original packing material and carton are not available,
contact Coherent for an appropriate shipping container. The
WaveMaster instrument is susceptible to damage if not
returned in original packaging materials, so take care to carefully package this instrument for shipping according to
Coherent instructions.
5.Seal the shipping carton with shipping tape or an industrial
stapler.
6.Ship the product to:
Coherent, Inc.
27650 SW 95th Ave.
Wilsonville, OR 97070
Attn: RMA # (add the RMA number you received from
Coherent Customer Service)
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WaveMaster User Manual
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APPENDIX B: SPECIFICATIONS
Table B-1 lists specifications for the WaveMaster.
Table B-1. Specifications
ParameterDescription
Wavelength Coverage380 to 1095 nm
Accuracy0.005 nm
Resolution0.001 nm
Display Update3 Hz
Max. Safe Input Signal
Min. Pulse Repetition Rate Single shot
Max. Pulse Repetition Rate CW
Max. Signal Bandwidth
Size (excluding handles)
(h x w x d)
Weight6.25 kg (13.8 lb.)
External CommunicationsRS-232 and USB
Storage Conditions-10° to 50°C
Relative HumidityNon-condensing and < 80%
Shock< 4 g
Operational Conditions+ 5° to 40°C
Relative HumidityNon-condensing and < 80%
Shock< 4 g
Power Supply Unit
Input
Output
Size (excluding mains
adapter plugs
Weight
Laser Input Sensor
Size (excluding
mounting pin)
(h x w x d)
Weight
Fiber-Optic Cable
Nose Thread
100 mW cw @ 632 nm
100 mJ pulsed @ 1064 nm
2 nm @ 400 nm
3 nm @ 600 nm
5 nm @ 1000 nm
115.0 x 280.0 x 370.0 mm (4.5 x 11.0 x 14.6 in.)
100 to 240 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz
12V, 2.5 A DC
120.0 x 65.0 x 40.0 mm (4.8 x 2.6 x 1.6 in.)
285.0 g (10.0 oz.)
30.0 x 25.0 x 110.0 mm (1.1 x 1.0 x 4.3 in.)
100.0 g (3.5 oz.)
Captive, 2 meters long, ST connector