All information disclosed by this document is the proprietary property of Navini Networks, Inc. and is protected by
copyright, trademark, and/or trade secret laws. All rights therein are expressly reserved.
Base Station User Manual Navini Networks, Inc.
About This Document
Purpose
This manual provides an overview for the Navini Networks Base Station. Topics included are
installation of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS), and
cabling; and testing and commissioning the Base Station.
Revision History
Date Revision /
Version
Sept 17, 2003 A / 1.0 P. Prudhomme S. Redfoot Release of Base Station user manual for
Sept 18, 2003 B / 1.0 P. Prudhomme S. Redfoot Edit specifications.
Sept 26, 2003 C / 1.0 P. Prudhomme S. Redfoot Add output power information
Author Editor Comments
FCC submission.
Contacts
Contact Navini Networks Technical Support during normal business hours: Monday through
Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Central Time. You can also submit questions or comments by web
or email at any time.
Corporate Headquarters: (972) 852-4200
Technical Support: 1-866-RIPWAVE
Web Address: www.navini.com / select Technical Support
E-mail: techsupport@navini.com
Navini Networks, Inc.
2240 Campbell Creek Blvd.
Suite 110
Richardson, Texas 75082
USA
2 Part #40-00197-00 Rev C v1.0 (1.20)
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Navini Networks, Inc. Base Station User Manual
Permissions, Trademarks & Distribution
Copyright
disclosed by this document is the proprietary property of Navini Networks, Inc. and all rights
therein are expressly reserved. Acceptance of this material signifies agreement by the recipient
that the information contained in this document is confidential and that it will be used solely for
the purposes set forth herein. Acceptance of this material signifies agreement by the recipient
that it will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, disclosed, distributed, or conveyed to
others in any manner or by any means – graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems – without the
express written permission of Navini Networks, Inc.
Navini Networks, Internet at the Speed of Thought, zero-install, unwired by Navini, the Navini
Networks logo, and Ripwave are trademarks of Navini Networks, Inc. Other product and
company names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or service marks of their respective
owners.
Nothing herein constitutes any representation, warranty, assurance, or guaranty of any
kind.
Because of continuing developments and improvements in design, manufacturing, and
deployment, material in this document is subject to change without notification and does not
represent any commitment or obligation on the part of Navini Networks, Inc.
Navini Networks, Inc. shall have no liability for any error or damages resulting from the use of
this document. Any unauthorized usage is strictly prohibited without the express written
permission of Navini Networks, Inc.
Copyright 2003 Navini Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.
Navini Networks, Inc.
2240 Campbell Creek Boulevard
Suite 110
Richardson, Texas 75082
USA
To optimize safety and expedite installation and service, read this document thoroughly. Follow
all warnings, cautions, and instructions marked on the equipment and included in this document.
To aid in the prevention of injury and damage to property, cautionary symbols have been placed
in this document to alert the reader to known potentially hazardous situations, or hazards to
equipment or procedures. The symbols are placed before the information to which they apply.
However, any situation that involves heavy equipment and electricity can become hazardous, and
caution and safety should be practiced at all times when installing, servicing, or operating the
equipment.
Caution Symbol - possible equipment or property damage
Warning Symbol - could cause personal injury or otherwise be hazardous to
your health
Navini Networks, Inc., expressly requires that when using Navini electronic equipment always
follow the basic safety precautions to reduce the risk of electrical shock, fire, and injury to
people and/or property.
1. Follow all warnings and instructions that come with the equipment.
2. Do not use the equipment while you are in a bathtub, shower, pool, or spa. Exposure of the
equipment to water could cause severe electrical shock or serious damage to the equipment.
3. Do not allow any type of liquid to come in contact with the equipment. Unplug the
equipment from the power source before cleaning. Use a damp cloth for cleaning. Do not use
any soaps or liquid cleaners.
4. Follow all airport and FAA regulations when using the equipment on or near aircraft.
5. Only operate the equipment from the type of power source(s) indicated in this manual (110
VAC or Navini supplied battery). Any other type of input power source may cause damage to
the equipment.
6. Power the equipment using only the battery or the AC adapter cable provided, and in
accordance with the instructions specified in the User Guide.
7. Do not use a frayed or damaged power cord. Do not place the power cord where it can be
stepped on or tripped over.
8. Do not touch wires where the insulation is frayed or worn unless the equipment has been
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Base Station User Manual Navini Networks, Inc.
disconnected from its power source.
9. Do not overload wall outlets, power strips, or extension cords. This can cause serious
electrical shock or fire.
10. Do not place the equipment on an unstable surface. It can fall and cause injury or damage to
the equipment.
11. Do not disassemble the equipment. Removing covers exposes dangerous voltages or other
risks and also voids the warranty. Incorrect reassembly can cause equipment damage or
electrical shock. Only an authorized repair technician should service this product.
12. Do not expose the equipment to extreme hot or cold temperatures.
13. Do not use the equipment under the following conditions:
• When the equipment has been exposed to water or moisture.
• When the equipment has been damaged.
• When the power cord is damaged or frayed.
• When the equipment does not operate properly or shows a distinct
change in performance.
6 Part #40-00197-00 Rev C v1.0 (1.20)
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Regulatory Information
FCC Notice
WARNING! This device is a Radio Frequency transmitter. It is required to comply with
FCC RF exposure requirements for transmitting devices. A minimum separation distance
of one meter or more must be maintained between the antenna and all persons during
device operations to ensure compliance with the FCC’s rules for Radio Frequency
Exposure. If this minimum distance cannot be maintained, exposure to RF levels that
exceed the FCC’s limits may result.
INFORMATION TO USER
This device has been authorized as a radio frequency transmitter under the appropriate
rules of the Federal Communications Commission. Any changes or modifications not
expressly approved by Navini Networks could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment.
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Battery Caution & Procedures
WARNING! To reduce risk of injury or fire, follow these instructions when handling the
battery.
1. Risk of explosion is possible if the battery is replaced with one not supplied by Navini
Networks.
2. Do not dispose of the battery in a fire. It may explode. Check with the local codes for
battery disposal guidelines.
3. Do not open or mutilate the battery. The battery contains substances that are toxic,
corrosive, or harmful to humans. If battery substances come in contact with the skin,
seek medical help immediately.
4. Do not attempt to recharge the battery by any means except per the instructions in this
manual.
5. Remove the battery from the equipment if the equipment is not going to be used for a
long period of time. The battery could leak and cause damage to the equipment.
6. Exercise care when handling the battery to prevent shorting the battery with conducting
materials such as bracelets, rings, and keys.
7. Store the battery pack in a dry place, 0 to +40 degrees Celsius.
8. Dispose of used batteries according to environmental guidelines.
8 Part #40-00197-00 Rev C v1.0 (1.20)
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N
N
Glossary of Terms & Abbreviations
Term Stands For.... Meaning
ACC
ACK
AP
ARP
ASYNCH
ATM
BB
BCC
BS
BTS
BW
BYTE
CAM
CC
CD
Access Channel or
Access Code Channel
Acknowledge Positive message sent by a protocol to acknowledge reception
Access Point Wireless LAN transceiver that acts as a center point of an all-
Address Resolution Protocol The function of the ARP is to match higher-level network IP
Asynchronous
Asynchronous Transfer Mode Transporting a broad range of user data at irregular intervals
Broadband RF system with constant data rate of 1.5 Mbps or higher.
Broadcast Code (or Control)
Channel
Base Station
Base Transceiver Station The Ripwave BTS is a two-shelf rack that holds the RF
Bandwidth Frequency spectrum usable for data transfers. It describes the
Byte 8 bits
Configuration & Alarm Manager An EMS functionality that is handled through a Graphical User
1
Communications Controller or
2
Cross-check
1
Compact Disk or 2Change Directory1An optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data (700x
AKA, Paging Channel. The signal path that tells a mobile to
prepare for an incoming call.
of a transmitted packet
wireless network or as a connection point between wireless and
wired networks.
addresses with the physical hardware address of a piece of
equipment.
ot occurring at regular intervals, as in data piped over a
network
over network facilities
A channel of data transmitted by one entity and received by
many devices.
etwork Access equipment and software that transmits and
receives, as well as processes, voice or data calls from mobile
units to network connections. A Ripwave Base Station consists
of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Radio
Frequency Subsystem (RFS), or antenna, plus a Global
Positioning System (GPS) antenna for timing.
modules and digital circuit cards that interpret radio signals
into computer language and sends messages to and from the
local or wide area network. It functions between the RFS and
the EMS to handle the signaling.
maximum data rate that a signal can attain on the medium
without encountering significant loss of power. Usually
expressed in bits per second (digital) or Hertz (analog).
Interface for purposes of configuring elements in the system
and handling other OAM requirements.
1
A type of circuit card that resides in the Digital shelf of the
Ripwave BTS. It handles all interfaces between BTS and
network.
2
An EMS functionality that allows the system to
perform an automated sanity check of the datafill.
floppy disk). It can be inserted into most pc’s and “read” to
load files onto a computer 2A software programming term in
“C” language that tells the computer to go to a different
location in the computer’s memory.
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Term Stands For.... Meaning
CDMA
CD-ROM
CHP
CLEC
CLI
CORBA
CPE
dB
dBd
dBi
DHCP
DiffServ
DIR
DL
DNS
DS-1
DSL
Code Division Multiple Access Digital cellular technology that uses a spread-spectrum
technique where individual conversations are encoded with a
random digital sequence. Increases capacity and speed of
communications messages between mobile units over other
types of wireless networks.
Compact Disk - Read Only Memory See “CD.” If a CD is not Read Only, computers can write data
to it with that capability.
Channel Processor Card A card in the digital shelf of the BTS that performs the first
stage of signal processing for up to 4 antennae. One Navini 2.4
GHz BTS has 8 antennae. The card performs digital-to-analog
conversion (DAC) and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) for
up to 10 carriers.
Competitive Local Exchange Carrier A telephone company that competes with an incumbent Local
Exchange Carrier (LEC).
Command Line Interface A text-based programming language through which a user
communicates with an operating system or an application.
Common Object Request Broker
Agent
Customer Premise Equipment Communications equipment that resides at the customer’s
Decibel Unit of measurement for sound.
Decibel/Dipole A ratio, measured in decibels, of the effective gain of an
Decibel/Isotropic A ratio, measured in decibels, of the effective gain of an
Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
Differentiated Service Different Quality of Service (QoS) descriptions for different
Directory A special kind of file used to organize other files into a
DownLink In this case, data messages transmitted from the BTS to the
Domain Name Server TCP/IP networking term that is a protocol for matching objects
Digital Signal - 1 Also “T1” or “E1”. Digital transmission equipment that can
Digital Subscriber Line A type of service whereby users gain access to the Internet
A standard for Network Management Systems that allows
integration with NMS regardless of programming language or
Operating System.
location.
antenna compared to a dipole antenna (2 horizontal rods in line
with each other). The greater the dBd value the higher the gain
and therefore the more acute the angle of coverage.
antenna compared to an isotropic antenna (measured along
axes in all directions). The greater the dBi value the higher the
gain and therefore the more acute the angle of coverage.
A protocol for dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices
on a network.
types of traffic, i.e., voice, video, email. The DiffServ table is
where each level of QoS is defined. Equivalent to Class of
Service (COS) in POTS.
hierarchical structure.
CPE.
to network (IP) addresses.
handle up to 1.544 Mbps.
through high-speed data networks.
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Term Stands For.... Meaning
DSP
EID
EMS
ERP
FCC
FE
FTP
Gain
Gb
GB
GHz
GPS
GUI
HW
Hz
I&C
IEC
IF
IMA
IP
ISP
Kb
KB
KHz
Digital Signal Processor Compressing or manipulating analog signals to digital signals
and vice-versa.
Equipment Identifier Field in EMS for assigning IP address or name to individual
pieces of equipment for purposes of configuring the system.
Element Management System An application that allows the user to define and manipulate
managed objects as a system within an overall network.
Effective Radiated Power The actual power in Watts radiated from a transmitter’s
antenna.
Federal Communications
Commission
Far End A relative term that refers to the receiving element in a
File Transfer Protocol A TCP/IP method consisting of a client and server and used to
Gain Ratio of the output amplitude of a signal to the input amplitude
Gigabit One billion (1,000,000,000) bits.
Gigabyte One billion (1,000,000,000) bytes.
Gigahertz One billion (1,000,000,000) hertz - cycles per second. Ultra
Global Positioning System A constellation of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the earth
Graphical User Interface A graphic rather than purely text based user interface to a
Hardware Physical, tangible equipment
Hertz 1 cycle per second.
Installation & Commissioning Term used to describe the procedures of physically installing
Inter-exchange Carrier Also IXC. Public switching network service provider (carrier)
Interface Card Card on the digital shelf of the Ripwave BTS that takes the
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM A method of building dynamic routes of 2 or more T1’s to
Internet Protocol A TCP/IP protocol used to route data from its source to its
Internet Service Provider A company that provides access to the Internet.
Kilobit 1,024 bits
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes
Kilohertz 1,000 hertz.
United States government regulatory agency that supervises,
licenses and otherwise controls electronic and electromagnetic
transmission standards.
network, as opposed to the near-end element that is
transmitting data.
transfer files between two or more sites or elements in a
network.
of a signal, expressed in decibels (dB).
high frequency (UHF) signals, including microwave signals.
and enable users with GPS antennas to pinpoint their exact
geographical position.
computer or computing system.
technical equipment then powering up the equipment to make
sure it will operate (to put it “into commission”).
that connects across and between local exchange carriers
(LEC).
analog signal from the Channel Processor card (CHP) and
converts it to a baseband signal before sending it on to the RF
modules for transmission (forward link), and vice-versa
(reverse link).
increase bandwidth so that PVC’s can share the IMA
resources, as needed, for data transmissions.
destination.
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N
Term Stands For.... Meaning
L1
L2
L3
LAN
LCP
LED
LLC
LOS
MAC
Mb
MB
Mbps
MDM
MHz
MIB
MMDS
NE
NLOS
Layer 1 Physical Layer. Part of the OSI rules and standards for network
management. L1 describes the physical layer, or electrical and
mechanical port-to-port connections, in the network.
Layer 2 Data Link Layer. Part of the OSI rules and standards for network
management. L2 describes the data link layer where data is set up
and torn down in a specific format (frames), through the overall
network. Also responsible for detecting and correcting errors by
requesting retransmission.
Layer 3
etwork Layer. Part of the OSI rules and standards for network
management. L3 describes the network addressing that gets data
to its destination within the network, i.e., IP addressing.
Local Area Network A data network of interconnected computers, servers, printers,
and other peripherals that communicate at high speeds over short
distances, usually within the same building. Also allows for
sharing of resources.
Link Control Protocol Basis of the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) scheme for negotiating
and establishing connections.
Light-emitting Diode An electronic device that lights up when electricity passes
through it. Often used to indicate equipment or system state.
Logical Link Controller A protocol that governs the transition of frames between data
stations regardless of how the medium is shared. It’s the upper
sub-layer that further defines the Media Access Control (MAC)
protocol. It provides the basis for an unacknowledged
connectionless service on a LAN - i.e., error correction,
multiplexing, broadcasting.
Line-of-sight Describes laser, microwave, RF, and infrared transmission
systems that require no obstruction in a direct path between the
transmitter and the receiver.
Media Access Control Protocol that governs access to a network in order to transmit
data between nodes. In a wireless LAN, the MAC is the radio
controller protocol (L2).
Megabit One million (1,000,000) bits.
Megabyte One million bytes. Literally - 1,048,576 bytes.
Megabits Per Second Transmission speed at rate of one million bytes per second.
Modem Card A card in the Navini BTS that converts digital signals into analog
so the signals can be transmitted over telephone lines, and viceversa. Modem stands for modulator/demodulator.
Megahertz One million (1,000,000) hertz - cycles per second. Normally used
to refer to how fast a microprocessor can execute instructions.
Management Information Base A collection of managed objects used in SNMP-based networks.
MIBs carry information in a standard format so external tools can
analyze network management and performance.
Multipoint Multi-channel
Distribution Service
1
Near-end or 2Network Element 1The transmitting end, versus the receiving end, of a signal
Fixed wireless, high-speed local service that operates at 2.1 - 2.7
GHz. Speed 10 Mbps. Originally conceived for cable TV service.
transmission.
2
A router, switch, or hub in an ISDN network.
on Line-of-site Describes laser, microwave, RF, and infrared transmission
systems that can penetrate obstructions in the path between the
transmitter and the receiver.
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N
N
Term Stands For.... Meaning
NMS
NOC
OAM
OS
OSI
PC
PCB
PDU
Ping
PPPoE
Propagation
PSK
PSN
PSTN
QAM
QoS
etwork Management System A product that helps manage a network generally hosted on a
well-equipped computer such as an engineering workstation. The
system tracks network statistics and resources.
etwork Operations Center A centralized point, much like a traffic control tower, where
technicians or engineers can monitor network activity, alarms,
and statistics, as well as make network configuration and other
changes dynamically. For Internet, the NOC is often a hub for
ISP services.
Operation, Administration,
Maintenance
Operating System A software program that manages the basic operation of a
Open Systems Interconnection An ISO model for worldwide communications that defines 7
Personal Computer Any IBM-compatible computer, so named because IBM’s first
Printed Circuit Board A hardware module that holds electronic circuitry and usually
Packet Data Unit or Protocol Data
Unit
Ping Generalized term from sonar science, where a short sound burst
Point-to-point Protocol Over
Ethernet
Propagation To spread out and affect a greater area; travel through space, as
Phase Shift Keying Digital transmission term that means an angle modulation where
Packet Switched Network A network in which data is transferred in units called packets.
Public Switched Telephone
etwork
Quadrature Amplitude ModulationA bandwidth conservation process routinely used in modems.
Quality of Service A guaranteed throughput for critical network applications, such
A set of network management functions. Also describes the
human-machine interface tasks - i.e., to operate the system, to
administer the system, and to maintain the system.
computer. Most Operating Systems are either based on
layers of network protocol: L1 Physical Layer; L2 Data Link
Layer; L3 Network Layer; L4 Transport Layer; L5 Session
Layer; L6 Presentation Layer; L7 Application Layer.
commercial end user computer was called a PC.
fits into a larger frame where the various PCB’s are
interconnected electronically.
A data packet. Refers to that which is exchanged between peerlayer entities. Contains header, data, and trailer information.
is sent out and an echo or “ping” is received. Used to determine
if signals or packets have been dropped, duplicated, or reordered.
A protocol that allows dial-up Internet connections. Includes the
Link Control Protocol as well as Network Control Protocols.
in radio waves.
the phase of the carrier varies in relation to a reference or former
phase. An encoded shift. Each change of phase carries one bit of
information, where the bit rate equals the modulation rate.
Packets can be routed individually and reassembled to form a
complete message at the definition.
Typically used in the same context as POTS. Analogous to a
network of major highways originally built by a single
organization but added to and expanded by multiple
organizations. AKA, backbone networks.
Creates higher throughput but decreased coverage area.
as Voice over IP. Term primarily used in an ATM environment.
Five classes of service: Class 1 Video; Class 2 Audio; Class 3
Data Connection.
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b
N
N
Term Stands For.... Meaning
RAM
RF
RFS
RSSI
Rx
S-CDMA
SMDS
SMS
SNMP
SNR
SSI
SW
SYN
SYNCH
TCC
TCP
TCP/IP
Random Access Memory Computer memory that can be accessed randomly.
Radio Frequency A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the frequency
range between audio and infrared: 100 KHz to 20 GHz. RF
measurements are expressed in Hz (unit for measuring
frequency); MHz = 1 Million Hz; GHz = 1 Billing Hz.
Radio Frequency Subsystem A term for the antenna portion of the base station.
Receiver Signal Strength Indicator A term that describes the measure of the signal strength in
kilohertz or gigahertz between the transmission and the receiving
end.
Receive An abbreviated way of expressing the term, receive, as in to
receive a transmission.
Synchronous Code Division
Multiple Access
Switched Multi-megabit Data
Service
1
Short Message Service or
2
Systems Management Server or
3
Subscriber Management System
Wireless technology based on data being transferred at a fixed
rate using Code Division Multiple Access algorithms.
Connectionless service for MAN/WAN based on 53-
yte packets
that target the interconnection of different LAN’s into a public
switched network at speeds higher than T1.
1
A protocol that allows mobile users to send text-based messages
from one device to another. The text appears on a device’s screen
and may be a maximum 160 characters in length. 2A Windows
T process that allows a network administrator to inventory all
hardware and software on the network, then perform software
distribution over the LAN.
Standard management request-reply protocol for managing
TCP/IP networks. A device is said to be SNMP compatible if it
can be monitored or controlled using SNMP messages.
Signal-to-noise Ratio Related to RSSI, a measurement of the intended signal being
transmitted against the other entities that can interfere with the
signal.
Signal Strength Indicator See “RSSI”.
Software Computer instructions or data.
Synthesizer Card A circuit card in the Navini BTS digital shelf that provides a
local oscillator and system clock with a single calibration
transceiver. The card is used to calibrate the Base Station so that
no external spectrum analyzer or signal generator is required.
Synchronous Digital packets or signals that are sent at the same, precisely
1
Traffic Channel or 2Transmission
Control Code
clocked fixed rate of speed.
1
A portion of a radio channel used to enable transmission of one
direction of a digitized voice conversation (as opposed to the
Voice Channel).
2
A way of segregating traffic in order to define
controlled communities of interest among subscribers.
Transport Control Protocol A standardized transport protocol between IP-based network
nodes that allows two hosts to establish a connection and
exchange streams of data. TCP operates on top of Internet
Protocols and handles the multiplexing of sessions, error
recovery, reliability and flow; it guarantees packets are delivered
in the same order in which they were sent.
Transport Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol
A set of protocols that allows cooperating computers to share
resources across the network. TCP provides the reliability in the
transmission, while IP provides connectionless packet service.
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Term Stands For.... Meaning
TDD
TFFS
TTL
Tx
UL
USB
VCC
VCI
VCL
Vector
VPC
VP
VPI
VPL
WAN
Time Division Duplex A digital transmission method that combines signals from
multiple sources and allows a single channel to alternately carry
data in each direction of a link.
True Flash File System Memory in a computing device that does not lose its information
when powered off. Available as a SIMM or PCMCIA card, it
usually stores router Operating System (OS) software. Can be
easily updated.
Time-to-live A field in the Internet Protocol that specifies how many more
hops a packet can travel before being discarded or returned.
Transmit To send by wire or other medium electronically or through air
via electromagnetic waves to a receiving communications device.
UpLink Describes the direction of signal flow being sent from a
subscriber to a network system, as in from a mobile device (CPE)
to a base station.
Universal Serial Bus An external bus standard for plug-and-play interfaces between a
computer and add-on devices, such as a mouse, modem,
keyboard, etc. One USB port can connect up to 127 devices.
A logical circuit made up of Virtual Channel Links, which carry
data between two end points in an ATM network.
Virtual Channel Identifier A 16-bit value in the ATM cell header that provides a unique
identifier for the Virtual Channel that carries that particular cell.
Virtual Channel Link A connection between two ATM devices.
Vector A quantity representative of both magnitude and direction
(energy + orientation in space)
Virtual Private Channel AKA, Virtual Path Connection. A grouping of Virtual Channel
Connectors, which share one or more contiguous VPL’s.
Virtual Path A set of Virtual Channels grouped together between cross-points
(i.e., switches).
Virtual Path Identifier An 8-bit value in the cell header that identifies the VP as well as
the VC to which the cell belongs. The VPI + VCI identify the
next destination of a cell as it passes through a series of ATM
switches.
Virtual Path Link A group of unidirectional VCL’s with the same end points in a
Virtual Path. Grouping VCL’s into VPL’s reduces the number of
connections to be managed. One or more VPL’s makes up a
1
Wide Area Network or
2
Wireless Access Network
VPC.
1
A communications network that spans geographically separate
areas and which provide long-haul services. Examples of internetworked connections are frame relay, SMDS, and X.25
protocols. 2 General term for any product primarily used to gain
access to the Internet, as opposed to being part of the actual
Internet devices or software.
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Overview
Ripwave Description
A Ripwave system has three main components: the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE); the
Base Station; and the Element Management System (EMS). The Base Station performs the CPE
registration and call processing, and provides the interface between the backhaul network and the
EMS. It is made up of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Radio Frequency Subsystem
(RFS) (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Base Station Installation With Panel Antenna
OPTION 2
OPTION 2
OPTION 2
OUTDOOR BTS
OUTDOOR BTS
OUTDOOR BTS
24VDC @ 60A
24VDC @ 60A
24VDC @ 60A
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
TELCO
TELCO
TELCO
SELF SUPPORTING
SELF SUPPORTING
SELF SUPPORTING
GUIDE
GUIDE
GUIDE
ANTENNA TOWER
ANTENNA TOWER
ANTENNA TOWER
PSX
PSX
PSX
GROUND BAR
GROUND BAR
GROUND BAR
CABINET
CABINET
CABINET
GND
GND
GND
LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING
ROD
ROD
ROD
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
BRACK
BRACK
BRACK
GROUND
GROUND
GROUND
ET
ET
ET
BAR
BAR
BAR
RF CABLES
RF CABLES
RF CABLES
CABLE
CABLE
CABLE
HANGERS
HANGERS
HANGERS
GPS
GPS
GPS
CABLE
CABLE
CABLE
ENTRY
ENTRY
ENTRY
CABLE
CABLE
CABLE
LADDER
LADDER
LADDER
GROUND
GROUND
GROUND
BAR
BAR
BAR
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
PSX-ME
PSX-ME
PSX-ME
SURGE
SURGE
SURGE
PROTECTOR
PROTECTOR
PROTECTOR
24VDC
24VDC
24VDC
@ 60A
@ 60A
@ 60A
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
/ TELCO
/ TELCO
/ TELCO
CABINET
CABINET
CABINET
GND
GND
GND
Note: The illustration shows both
Note: The illustration shows both
an outdoor and an indoor BTS,
an outdoor and an indoor BTS,
but only one panel antenna. In
but only one panel antenna. In
reality, each BTS requires
reality, each BTS requires
its own panel.
its own panel.
SHELTER / HUT
SHELTER / HUT
SHELTER / HUT
OVERHEAD
OVERHEAD
OPTION 1
OPTION 1
OPTION 1
INDOOR BTS
INDOOR BTS
INDOOR BTS
NAVINI
NAVINI
NAVINI
PSX
PSX
PSX
BTS
BTS
BTS
OVERHEAD
CABLE LADDER
CABLE LADDER
CABLE LADDER
GROUND BAR
GROUND BAR
GROUND BAR
Part #40-00047-01 Rev C v1.0 (1.20) 17
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Procedural Documents & Forms
You will refer to other Ripwave documents, procedures, and forms in the process of installing
and commissioning the Base Station. The product documentation is provided on the Ripwave
Standard Documentation CD (Table 1). As well, the EMS manuals can be viewed on-line
through the EMS Server and Client applications.
Table 1: Ripwave Standard Documentation CD
Order Number 95-00116-00 Component or Part
Number
EMS Overview Manual 40-00016-03 MSWord/.pdf
EMS Software Installation Guide 40-00017-00 MS Word/.pdf
EMS-OSS Integration Guide 40-00147-00 MS Word/.pdf
EMS Administration Guide 40-00031-00 MS Word/.pdf
Ripwave Configuration Guide 40-00016-01 MS Word/.pdf
EMS CLI Reference Manual 40-00016-02 MS Word/.pdf
Ripwave Alarm Resolution Reference Manual 40-00033-00 MS Word/.pdf
System Operations, Maintenance & Troubleshooting Guide* 00-00046-00 MS Word/.pdf
EMS Diagnostic Tools Guide 40-00032-00 MS Word/.pdf
Ripwave Modem Quick Installation Guide 40-00112-00 MS Word/.pdf
English 40-00098-00 MS Word/.pdf
Spanish 40-00096-00 MS Word/.pdf
Ripwave Modem User Guide 40-00111-00 MS Word/.pdf
English 40-00097-00 MS Word/.pdf
Spanish 40-00099-00 MS Word/.pdf
Customer Release Notes Varies w/each release MS Word/.pdf
*Available 4Q03
A separate CD specifically created for personnel involved with installation and commissioning
of the Ripwave system, called “VAR Documentation CD”, may be ordered by authorized VARS,
and business partners. The CD includes detailed procedures and electronic forms that Navini
uses during the I&C process. Table 2 contains a partial listing of the files on this CD. The I&C
forms found on the CD are referenced throughout this manual.
.
Table 2: VAR Documentation CD
Order Number 95-00017-00 Part Number Format
Site Candidate Evaluation Form 40-00091-00 Excel Spreadsheet
RFS System Test Form 40-00093-00 Excel Spreadsheet
Base Station Calibration Verification Form 40-00059-00 Excel Spreadsheet
Drive Study Survey Form 40-00076-00 Excel Spreadsheet
Location (FTP) Test Form 40-00077-00 Excel Spreadsheet
Customer Acceptance Form 40-00117-00 MS Word Document
BTS Outdoor Selection Guide 44-00035-00 MS Word/.pdf
Rectifier/Battery Backup Specification 44-00036-00 MS Word/.pdf
Format
18 Part #40-00197-00 Rev C v1.0 (1.20)
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High-level I&C Process
To put the I&C activities in the context of overall system deployment, Figure 2 provides a ‘flow’
of the key activities that are performed prior to and during the installation and commissioning of
the Ripwave Base Station. Post-I&C, the system that has been installed and commissioned goes
through Acceptance Testing against the customer’s objectives for that site. Once customer signoff on the site is achieved, the customer becomes fully responsible for operating the system.
Different job holders may perform various portions of these activities and not necessarily all of
the activities. In fact, Marketing and Engineering personnel typically handle the earlier tasks,
while installation may be a stand-alone function. Commissioning may or may not be handled by
the same people who designed or installed the site. Regardless of who does them, these key
activities have to be accomplished for successful deployment:
• Site Selection, Design, and Preparation
• Physical Installation
• Commissioning, with Acceptance Testing and Sign-off
Prior to installation, Navini and the customer formulate a Project Plan and Responsibility
Assignment Matrix (RAM) to clarify who will do what to complete the I&C activities. If
requested by the customer, Navini may provide personnel, procedures, forms, and/or tools
required to install and commission the Base Station equipment. They may also provide special
commissioning software programs, computers, and any other special test equipment required.
As part of the I&C duties, all testing results are recorded and kept for the customer to review and
approve. These test results include the cable sweeps, the BTS Calibration Verification, RF
System Tests, Drive Study, Line-of-Sight (LOS) FTP tests, and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) FTP
test results. The I&C Supervisor provides site tracking and weekly status reports. All of these
tasks can be negotiated with the customer.
If Navini Networks is hired by a customer to provide Installation & Commissioning Services,
involvement and some actual deliverables are still required by the customer. For example, the
customer will need to review or perhaps even explain their Site Design Specifications, approve
Logistics Plans, provide shipping information, approve the Network Architecture Plan, etc.
As part of a successful hand-off from Navini to the customer, it is usually necessary for Navini to
provide some product training to customer personnel who will support the Base Station operation
on-going. Customers may opt to take on a Train-the-Trainer program, in which case Navini
certifies the customer’s instructors who then provide staff training thereafter.
Part #40-00047-01 Rev C v1.0 (1.20) 19
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Base Station User Manual Navini Networks, Inc.
Figure 2: High Level I&C Process Flowchart
Phase I: Pre-installation - Site Selection, Design & Preparation
BEGIN
Sample Statement
of Work (SoW)
1 - Complete the Project Plan for this
deployment. <Program or Project Manager>
Sample Responsibility
Assignment Matrix (RAM)
Sample Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)
2 - Generate a coverage prediction map.
<RF Engineering>
3 - Conduct a site survey, filling out the Site
Candidate Evaluation Form.
Site Candidate
Evaluation Form
4 - Complete the Interference Analysis,
following the Interference Sweep Procedure
or,
if available, using the Interference Sweep Tool
.
Interference Sweep
Procedure
Interference Sweep
Tool
BTS Specifications
RFS Data Sheets
5 - Acquire information about the final site
selected by the customer. Physical site design
completed.
BTS Outdoor
Enclosures Guide
Rectifier/BBU
Specifications
A
Sample Base Station
Drawing
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Phase I: Pre-installation - Site Selection, Design & Preparation, continued
A
6 - Complete the Network Architecture design.
<Network Planning>
7 - Antenna Power & Cable selection.
Antenna Power & Cable
Selection Procedure &
Form
8 - Develop a Bill of Materials (BoM).
<Customer >
Sample BoM
9 - Acquire the materials. <Customer>
10 - Confirm the customer backhaul, EMS
Server, FTP Server, input power and
grounding are installed and operational at site.
Part #40-00047-01 Rev C v1.0 (1.20) 21
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p
Phase II: Physical Installation
1 - From the shipping containers received at
the customer site, gather Manufacturing’s
inventory sheet and test data that was collected
before the BTS & RFS equipment shipped.
Verify all equipment arrived (inventory it),
serial numbers match paperwork, and the test
data is available. Keep this as part of the
customer site records.
2 - Install all system buss bars and surge
rotectors.
3 - Cut cables. Install connectors on cables.
Install Connectors on
Cables Procedure
4 - Install & sweep the RF cables. Record
results on the RFS System Test Form
.
RFS System
Test Form
5 - Install & sweep the GPS cables.
6 - Test & install the data/power cable.
7 - If required, install the BTS mounting rack.
Chassis Alarms
Information
8 - Install the BTS chassis.
9 - Install & verify the BTS & RFS grounding.
Sample Tri-sector
BTS Grounding
Drawing
A
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p
Installation, continued
A
10 - Install & verify the DC input power
source to the BTS.
Sample Tri-sector
BTS Power Drawing
11 - Install the GPS antennas.
12 - Sweep the RFS, per the Single Antenna
Test Procedure. Record the results & the RFS
serial numbers on the RFS System Test Form
(same form as Step 3, Appendix O).
Single Antenna Test
Procedure
13 - Install the RFS & surge protectors.
Connect the 9 RF cables & the data/power
cable to the RFS.
14 - Sweep the installed RFS & cables to
verify connections & cable loss. Record results
on the RFS System Test Form (same form as
Ste
s 3 & 11, Appendix O).
15 - Verify that the digital cards & RF/PA
cards are installed and seated properly.
16 - Record the serial & version numbers of
the digital and RF/PA cards on the Base
Station Installation Certification Form.
Base Station
Installation
Certification Form
B
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p
p
Installation, continued
B
17 - If required in the Responsibility
Assignment Matrix (RAM) portion of the
Project Plan, test the backhaul to the customer
demarcation point.
18 - Provide a printed package of the measured
results and equipment inventory to the
customer on-site.
19 - Go over the results using the printed
ackage and obtain customer sign-off on the
completion of the Installation portion of the
work. Use the Base Station Installation
Certification Form for sign-off (same form as
Ste
15, Appendix T).
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Phase III: Commissioning
1 - Review the customer’s network plans - i.e.,
T1 vs Ethernet backhaul.
2 - Are you using
the customer’s
EMS Server?
No
3a - Install & configure the
Test EMS Server & Client.
Connect to the BTS.
3b - Install & configure the customer EMS
Server & Client. Connect to the BTS.
Yes
Excel Configuration
Form
4 - Enter the RFS configuration by running the
RFS script that shipped with the antenna
equipment.
5 - Verify that all cables are connected.
6 - Power up the BTS & reconfigure the basic
Boot Line parameters through the serial port
on the CC card.
7 - After the BTS has been powered up at least
15 minutes, perform 3 calibrations.
A
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N
Commissioning, continued
A
8 - Did it pass
calibration?
No
9a - Perform system
troubleshooting procedures.
9b - Perform Base Station calibration. Verify
and record the measurements on the Base
Station Calibration Verification Form.
Yes
Base Station
Calibration
Verification Form
10 - Did it pass
calibration
verification?
No
11a - Perform system
troubleshooting procedures.
11b - Perform local wired Modem test.
Yes
Local Modem Test
Procedures
12 - Did it pass
the wired
Modem test?
o - Go to 11a
Yes
B
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N
Commissioning, continued
B
13 - Perform the local overthe-air (OTA) Modem test.
14 - Did it pass
the OTA
Modem test?
o - Go to 11a
Yes
15 -Was the
Test EMS
used?
No
C
16 - Install & configure the Customer EMS
Server & Client. Connect to the BTS.
Part #40-00047-01 Rev C v1.0 (1.20) 27
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m
m
Commissioning, continued
D
*Note: Step 19 is performed
only if no RF plot is available.
C
19* - Validate that the GPS &
Constellation Debugger are installed
and operational on the Drive Study
laptop. Perform a Preliminary Drive
Study. Record the results on the Drive
Study Form.
Drive Study Form
20 - Perform the Preliminary LOS Location
(FTP) Test. Complete 3 uploads & 3
downloads at 3 locations. Record the results on
the FTP Test For
.
21 - Perform the Preliminary NLOS Location
(FTP) Test. Complete 3 uploads & 3
downloads at 3 locations. Record the results on
the FTP Test For
.
FTP Test Form
22 - Send all preliminary test results to Navini
Technical Support for evaluation.
23 -Results
adequate?
No
24a - Adjust the RF parameters and
troubleshoot. Go back to Step 18,
Perform calibration.
Yes
E
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Commissioning, continued
E
24b - Perform full Drive Study, and
record the results on the Drive Study
Form. This is used for tuning the
model (same form as Step 19,
Appendix X).
25 - Perform full LOS Location (FTP) Test.
Record the results (same form as Step 20,
Appendix Y).
26 - Perform full NLOS Location (FTP) Test.
Record the results (same form as Step 20,
Appendix Y).
27 - Send test results to Navini Technical
Support.
28 - Verify system operation with multiple
Modems in use.
29 - Back up the EMS database.
30 - Gather all required documents & forms to
create a delivery package for the Customer signoff and for the Navini Techical Support database.
See Installation Closeout Documentation
.
Site Installation
Closeout
Documentation
31 - Participate in the Customer sign-off of the
Customer Acceptance Form
.
Customer
Acceptance Form
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Base Station Components
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
The BTS consists of the RF Power Amplifiers (PA’s), the digital circuit cards, the backplane,
and the mechanical enclosure or housing. It performs the signal processing and RF transmission
for the system. There are two types of chassis: Combo and Split. The Combo Chassis is used
primarily with 2.4 GHz systems. The Split Chasses is used for all other (2.3, 2.5, 2.6 GHz)
systems (Figure 3).
The chassis is compartmentalized into two sections - the RF shelf and the Digital shelf. The BTS
connects to the network using a 10/100 Base-T Ethernet connection or up to 8 T1 interfaces. Up
to three BTS assemblies can be installed per system, depending on the configuration. The BTS
specifications are provided later in this document.
Figure 3: BTS Chassis
RF Shelf
RF Shelf
(Power Amplifiers)
(Power Amplifiers)
Digital Shelf
Digital Shelf
(Circuit Cards)
(Circuit Cards)
Combo ChassisSplit Chassis
Combo ChassisSplit Chassis
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Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS)
The Radio Frequency Subsystem (RFS) is mounted on a transmission tower or building rooftop.
It transmits and receives data to and from the Ripwave Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)
using a digital beamforming transmission technique. The RFS may be either a panel antenna or
an omni antenna (Figure 4).
An RFS panel transmits in a directional mode, covering a transmit angle of 120 degrees. The
antenna can be used as a single mode antenna, or it can be used in a group of two or three
sectored antennas, covering 240 and 360 degrees respectively. Each panel requires a BTS to
operate. For example, in a tri-sectored cell with 3 panels, you would need 3 BTS’s. The omni
antenna provides omni-directional coverage of 360 degrees.
An RFS panel or omni contains eight (8) antenna elements, cavity filters, and, optionally, low
noise amplifiers (LNA). For downtilt, the omni must be situated as it comes from the factory. A
panel’s downtilt can be adjusted at the site. The higher up the antenna is placed, the more
downtilt it typically requires.
Figure 4: RFS
Panel (Front)
Panel (Front)
OmniPanel (Back)
OmniPanel (Back)
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
One or two Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas are used with each Base Station. A GPS
antenna works with a constellation of satellites that orbit the earth, and it provides the ability to
pinpoint geographical locations. The two types of GPS antennas that may be ordered with a
Ripwave Base Station are the VIC 100 and the Motorola Timing 2000 (Figure 5).
Figure 5: GPS Antennas
VIC 100 GPS
VIC 100 GPS
Motorola Timing
Motorola Timing
2000 GPS
2000 GPS
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Mounting Racks & Enclosures
The BTS can be installed indoors or outdoors in industry standard 19- or 23-inch racks. Rack
adapters are needed to mount the equipment in a standard 23-inch rack. For outdoor BTS’s, the
customer can supply any standard enclosure from a multitude of vendors. Figure 6 shows 3
BTS’s installed indoors.
Figure 6: Indoor BTS
Data/Power Cable Lightning Arrestors Across TopData/Power Cable Lightning Arrestors Across Top
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General Specifications
Input Power
The BTS requires +21 to 28 VDC power supply rated at 60 amps (combo chassis) and at 50 (RF
shelf) and 20 (Digital shelf) for the split chassis. Installers are referred to industry standards for
power supply installations.
Humidity
The operating environment of the BTS must control relative humidity to 5% to 95% RH, noncondensing.
Heat Dissipation
The combo BTS chassis, under normal operating conditions, will dissipate a maximum of 1000
Watts or 3415 BTU’s. The split chassis will dissipate a maximum of 1500 watts.
Airflow
Fresh air intake for the BTS chassis is along the lower front vertical panel. Exhaust is out of the
upper rear of the chassis. The I&C crew must ensure there are no obstacles to airflow present in
these areas. Exhaust air from other equipment should not mix with the BTS fresh air intake.
Accessibility
The BTS is intended for installation and use only in a restricted access location.
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Base Station Specifications
Current Ripwave operating frequencies include those shown in Table 3. Testing on other
frequencies is underway and soon will be commercially available. The specifications are shown
in Table 4.
Bandwidth Allocation:
Baseband Modulation:
Beamforming Gain:
Configurations:
DC Power Consumption:
DC Power Interface:
Duplex Format:
Humidity:
Mechanical Dimensions:
Multiple Access Schemes:
Operational Frequency Band:
Operational Temperature:
Polarization:
Power Control:
Regulatory:
Reliability/Availability:
RF Channel Bandwidth:
RF Output Power (per channel):
Sensitivity:
Serviceability:
Spreading Spectrum Scheme:
Storage Temperature:
System Features:
System Throughput:
2 & 4 degree options for Omni-directional; Mechanical for 120 degree
Sectored
12dBi Omni-directional, 17 dBi for 120-degree Sectored
Omni-directional or 120-degree Sectored
10/100 BaseT Ethernet or ATM over T1; up to (8) T1’s with or without
IMA, long haul support
Dynamic
Uplink QAM4
18dB
RFS Omni-directional or Sectored. 1 BTS per antenna.
+21VDC to +28VDC; 50 amps RF shelf, 20 amps Digital shelf; 1353 Watts
typical, 1500 Watts maximum
2 - ¼” lugs for +24V DC and 24V return.
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
0 to 95% non-condensing
Digital: H19.2” X W19.0” X D12.9” (add ~1.3” to D with modules
installed). RF: H14.0” X W19.0” XD15.2” (add ~1.5” to D with modules
installed).
Multi-carrier Beamforming Synchronized (MCBS) CDMA
See Table 3
0 to +50 degrees C (indoor); -40 to +50 degrees C (outdoor)
Vertical
Forward & reverse, open & closed loop
UL 1950, FCC part 27
Load-sharing
6MHz
5 watts max
-114 dBm/single channel (NF of 5dB)
Field replaceable cards, EMS remote reset; Front and rear access required
Direct Sequence Spreading (DSS)
-40 to +70 degrees C
Reed Soloman forward error correction (FEC), congestion control, automatic
repeat request (ARQ), extensive GoS/QoS mechanisms
12 Mbps (fully loaded max raw data rate downstream + upstream)
Split
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Up/down Link Duplex:
Upgradeability:
Weight:
Symmetrical or Asymmetrical TDD with a maximum of 3:1 ratio for
down/up allocations
Software downloads
Digital Shelf 35 lbs + RF Shelf 82 lbs.
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N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Materials Specifications
The Base Station installation requires general materials and parts for installation. In Table 5 is a
partial list of the items that may be used for a typical installation of the Ripwave Base Station.
The quantity and use of materials will vary depending on the specific installation. The lists in
Table 5 are based on a 150-foot site.