Cisco Systems C7200 User Manual

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C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

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Text Part Number: OL-9129-02

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THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY.

The following inform ation is for FCC compliance of Class A devices: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.

The following information is for FCC compliance of Class B devices: The equipment described in this manual generates and may radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed in accordance with Cisco’s installation instructions, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in part 15 of the FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

Modifying the equipment without Cisco’s written authorization may result in the equipment no longer complying with FCC requirements for Class A or Class B digital devices. In that event, your right to use the equipment may be limited by FCC regulations, and you may be required to correct any interference to radio or television communications at your own expense.

You can determine whether your equipment is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipment or one of its peripheral devices. If the equipment causes interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

• Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.

• Move the equipment to one side or the other of the television or radio.

• Move the equipment farther away from the television or radio.

• Plug the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the equipment and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

Modifications to this product not authorized by Cisco Systems, Inc. could void the FCC approval and negate your authority to operate the product.

The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California.

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C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

Preface vii

Audience vii

Warnings vii

Objectives viii

Organization viii

Preface

This preface describes the objectives and organization of this document and explains how to find additional information on related products and services. This preface contains the following sections:

• Audience, page vii

• Warnings, page vii

• Objectives, page viii

• Organization, page viii

• Related Documentation, page ix

Audience

Warnings

Warning

• Obtaining Documentation, page ix

• Documentation Feedback, page x

• Cisco Product Security Overview, page x

• Product Alerts and Field Notices, page xi

• Obtaining Technical Assistance, page xii

• Obtaining Additional Publications and Information, page xiii

The audience for this publication should be familiar with Cisco router hardware and cabling along with electronic circuitry and wiring practices. Experience as an electronic or electromechanical technician is recommended.

To prevent the system from overheating, do not operate it in an area that exceeds the maximum recommended ambient temperature of: 24°C (75°F).

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Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install, replace, or service this equipment.

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Objectives

Preface

Warning

Objectives

Note To ensure compliance with U.S. export laws and regulations, and to prevent future problems, see the

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents. To see translations of the warnings that appear in this publication, refer to the translated safety warnings that accompanied this device.

Note: SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS

Note: This documentation is to be used in conjunction with the specific product installation guide that shipped with the product. Please refer to the Installation Guide, Configuration Guide, or other enclosed additional documentation for further details.

This document contains instructions and procedures for installing and configuring the C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter), a double-width acceleration module supported on the Cisco 7204VXR and Cisco 7206VXR routers with the NPE-G2 processor.

The part number for the VSA is C7200-VSA(=).

“Compliance with U.S. Export Laws and Regulations Regarding Encryption” section on page 2-5 for

specific, important information.

Organization

This document contains the following chapters:

Chapter Title Description

Overview Describes the VSA and VSA LED displays.

Preparing for Installation Describes safety considerations, tools required, and

procedures you should perform before the actual installation.

Removing and Installing the VSA Describes the procedures for installing and removing

the VSA from the supported platform.

Configuring the VSA Describes procedures needed to configure the VSA in

the Cisco 7200VXR series routers.

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Preface

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. This section explains the product documentation resources that Cisco offers.

Cisco.com

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You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

Documentation Feedback

You can access the Cisco website at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com

You can access international Cisco websites at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml

Product Documentation DVD

The Product Documentation DVD is a library of technical product documentation on a portable medium. The DVD enables you to access installation, configuration, and command guides for Cisco hardware and software products. With the DVD, you have access to the HTML documentation and some of the PDF files found on the Cisco website at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/home/home.htm

The Product Documentation DVD is created and released regularly. DVDs are available singly or by subscription. Registered Cisco.com users can order a Product Documentation DVD (product number DOC-DOCDVD= or DOC-DOCDVD=SUB) from Cisco Marketplace at the Product Documentation Store at this URL:

Preface

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/docstore

Ordering Documentation

You must be a registered Cisco.com user to access Cisco Marketplace. Registered users may order Cisco documentation at the Product Documentation Store at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/docstore

If you do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL:

http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do

Documentation Feedback

You can provide feedback about Cisco technical documentation on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation site area by entering your comments in the feedback form available in every online document.

Cisco Product Security Overview

Cisco provides a free online Security Vulnerability Policy portal at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html

From this site, you will find information about how to do the following:

• Report security vulnerabilities in Cisco products

• Obtain assistance with security incidents that involve Cisco products

• Register to receive security information from Cisco

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Preface

A current list of security advisories, security notices, and security responses for Cisco products is available at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt

To see security advisories, security notices, and security responses as they are updated in real time, you can subscribe to the Product Security Incident Response Team Really Simple Syndication (PSIRT RSS) feed. Information about how to subscribe to the PSIRT RSS feed is found at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_psirt_rss_feed.html

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products

Cisco is committed to delivering secure products. We test our products internally before we release them, and we strive to correct all vulnerabilities quickly. If you think that you have identified a vulnerability in a Cisco product, contact PSIRT:

• For emergencies only— security-alert@cisco.com

An emergency is either a condition in which a system is under active attack or a condition for which a severe and urgent security vulnerability should be reported. All other conditions are considered nonemergencies.

Product Alerts and Field Notices

• For nonemergencies —psirt@cisco.com

In an emergency, you can also reach PSIRT by telephone:

• 1 877 228-7302

• 1 408 525-6532

Tip We encourage you to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or a compatible product (for example, GnuPG) to

encrypt any sensitive information that you send to Cisco. PSIRT can work with information that has been encrypted with PGP versions 2.x through 9.x.

Never use a revoked encryption key or an expired encryption key. The correct public key to use in your correspondence with PSIRT is the one linked in the Contact Summary section of the Security Vulnerability Policy page at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html

The link on this page has the current PGP key ID in use.

If you do not have or use PGP, contact PSIRT to find other means of encrypting the data before sending any sensitive material.

Product Alerts and Field Notices

Modifications to or updates about Cisco products are announced in Cisco Product Alerts and Cisco Field Notices. You can receive Cisco Product Alerts and Cisco Field Notices by using the Product Alert Tool on Cisco.com. This tool enables you to create a profile and choose those products for which you want to receive information.

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Obtaining Technical Assistance

To access the Product Alert Tool, you must be a registered Cisco.com user. (To register as a Cisco.com user, go to this URL: http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do) Registered users can access the tool at this URL: http://tools.cisco.com/Support/PAT/do/ViewMyProfiles.do?local=en

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, if you have a valid Cisco service contract, Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not have a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller.

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website

The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day at this URL:

Preface

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL:

http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do

Note Use the Cisco Product Identification Tool to locate your product serial number before submitting a

request for service online or by phone. You can access this tool from the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website by clicking the Tools & Resources link, clicking the All Tools (A-Z) tab, and then choosing Cisco Product Identification Tool from the alphabetical list. This tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or, for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before placing a service call.

Tip Displaying and Searching on Cisco.com

If you suspect that the browser is not refreshing a web page, force the browser to update the web page by holding down the Ctrl key while pressing F5.

To find technical information, narrow your search to look in technical documentation, not the entire Cisco.com website. On the Cisco.com home page, click the Advanced Search link under the Search box and then click the Technical Support & Documentation radio button.

xii

To provide feedback about the Cisco.com website or a particular technical document, click Contacts & Feedback at the top of any Cisco.com web page.

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Preface

Submitting a Service Request

Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest

For S1 or S2 service requests, or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly.

To open a service request by telephone, use one of the following numbers:

Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 Australia: 1 800 805 227 EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55 USA: 1 800 553 2447

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts

Definitions of Service Request Severity

To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established severity definitions.

Severity 1 (S1)—An existing network is “down” or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation.

Severity 2 (S2)—Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operations are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation.

Severity 3 (S3)—Operational performance of the network is impaired while most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels.

Severity 4 (S4)—You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations.

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

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Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources.

• The Cisco Online Subscription Center is the website where you can sign up for a variety of

Cisco e-mail newsletters and other communications. Create a profile and then select the subscriptions that you would like to receive. To visit the Cisco Online Subscription Center, go to this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/offer/subscribe

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Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

• The Cisco Product Quick Reference Guide is a handy, compact reference tool that includes brief

product overviews, key features, sample part numbers, and abbreviated technical specifications for many Cisco products that are sold through channel partners. It is updated twice a year and includes the latest Cisco channel product offerings. To order and find out more about the Cisco Product Quick Reference Guide, go to this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/guide

• Cisco Marketplace provides a variety of Cisco books, reference guides, documentation, and logo

merchandise. Visit Cisco Marketplace, the company store, at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

• Cisco Press publishes a wide range of general networking, training, and certification titles. Both new

and experienced users will benefit from these publications. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press at this URL:

http://www.ciscopress.com

• Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering

professionals involved in designing, developing, and operating public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/ipj

Preface

• Networking products offered by Cisco Systems, as well as customer support services, can be

obtained at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/index.html

• Networking Professionals Connection is an interactive website where networking professionals

share questions, suggestions, and information about networking products and technologies with Cisco experts and other networking professionals. Join a discussion at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/discuss/networking

• “What’s New in Cisco Documentation” is an online publication that provides information about the

latest documentation releases for Cisco products. Updated monthly, this online publication is organized by product category to direct you quickly to the documentation for your products. You can view the latest release of “What’s New in Cisco Documentation” at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/abtunicd/136957.htm

• World-class networking training is available from Cisco. You can view current offerings at

this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/index.html

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CHAPTER

Overview

This chapter describes the C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) and contains the following sections:

• Data Encryption Overview, page 1-1

• VSA Overview, page 1-2

• Hardware Required, page 1-4

• Features, page 1-4

• Supported Standards, MIBs, and RFCs, page 1-5

• Enabling/Disabling the VSA, page 1-6

• LEDs, page 1-7

• Connectors, page 1-8

• Slot Locations, page 1-8

Data Encryption Overview

This section describes data encryption, including the IPSec, IKE, and certification authority (CA) interoperability features.

Note For additional information on these features, refer to the “IP Security and Encryption” chapter in the

Security Configuration Guide and Security Command Reference publications.

IPSec is a network level open standards framework, developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that provides secure transmission of sensitive information over unprotected networks such as the Internet. IPSec includes data authentication, antireplay services and data confidentiality services.

Cisco follows these data encryption standards:

• IPSec—IPSec is an IP layer open standards framework that provides data confidentiality, data

integrity, and data authentication between participating peers. IKE handles negotiation of protocols and algorithms based on local policy, and generates the encryption and authentication keys to be used by IPSec. IPSec protects one or more data flows between a pair of hosts, between a pair of security routers, or between a security router and a host.

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1-1

VSA Overview

Chapter 1 Overview

• IKE—Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is a hybrid security protocol that implements Oakley and Skeme

key exchanges inside the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) framework. IKE can be used with IPSec and other protocols. IKE authenticates the IPSec peers, negotiates IPSec security associations, and establishes IPSec keys. IPSec can be configured with or without IKE.

• CA—certification authority (CA) interoperability supports the IPSec standard, using Simple

Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) and Certificate Enrollment Protocol (CEP). CEP permits Cisco IOS devices and CAs to communicate to permit your Cisco IOS device to obtain and use digital certificates from the CA. IPSec can be configured with or without CA. The CA must be properly configured to issue certificates. For more information, see the “Configuring Certification Authority Interoperability” chapter of the Security Configuration Guide at

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/products_ios_cisco_ios_software_releases.htm l

The component technologies implemented for IPSec include:

• DES and Triple DES—The Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Triple DES (3DES) encryption

packet data. Cisco IOS implements the 3-key Triple DES and DES-CBC with Explicit IV. Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) requires an initialization vector (IV) to start encryption. The IV is explicitly given in the IPSec packet.

• AES—The Advanced Encryption Standard, a next-generation symmetric encryption algorithm, used

by the U.S. Government and organizations outside the U.S.

• MD5 (HMAC variant)—MD5 is a hash algorithm. HMAC is a keyed hash variant used to

authenticate data.

• SHA (HMAC variant)—SHA is a hash algorithm. HMAC is a keyed hash variant used to

authenticate data.

• RSA signatures and RSA encrypted nonces—RSA is the public key cryptographic system developed

by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. RSA signatures provides non-repudiation while RSA encrypted nonces provide repudiation.

IPSec with the Cisco IOS software supports the following additional standards:

• AH—Authentication Header is a security protocol that provides data authentication and optional

antireplay services.

The AH protocol uses various authentication algorithms; Cisco IOS software has implemented the mandatory MD5 and SHA (HMAC variants) authentication algorithms. The AH protocol provides antireplay services.

• ESP—Encapsulating Security Payload, a security protocol, provides data privacy services, optional

data authentication, and antireplay services. ESP encapsulates the data to be protected. The ESP protocol uses various cipher algorithms and (optionally) various authentication algorithms. Cisco IOS software implements the mandatory 56-bit DES-CBC with Explicit IV or Triple DES as the encryption algorithm, and MD5 or SHA (HMAC variants) as the authentication algorithms. The updated ESP protocol provides antireplay services.

VSA Overview

The C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) is a full-width service adapter (see Figure 1-1) supported in the I/O slot of the Cisco 7204VXR and Cisco 7206VXR routers with the NPE-G2 processor.

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Chapter 1 Overview

Note The C7200 VSA is only supported on the Cisco 7200VXR with the NPE-G2 processor.

VSA Overview

The VSA features hardware acceleration for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), and Triple DES (3DES), providing increased performance for site-to-site and remote-access IPSec VPN services. The Cisco C7200 VSA solution provides quality of service (QoS), multicast and multiprotocol traffic, and broad support of integrated LAN/WAN media.

Figure 1-1 VSA Module - Front View

1 2

1 Screws 3 Handle

2 Status LED light

Figure 1-2 VSA Module - Rear Connectors

1 2

C7200-VSA

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C7200-VSA

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Hardware Required

1 Host IO Bus and PCI-X Bus 2 Power supply

The VSA provides hardware-accelerated support for multiple encryption functions:

• 128/192/256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in hardware

• Data Encryption Standard (DES) standard mode with 56-bit key: Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)

• Performance to 900 Mbps encrypted throughput with 300 byte packets and 1000 tunnels

• 5000 tunnels for DES/3DES/AES

• Secure Hash Algorithm1 (SHA-1) and Message Digest 5 (MD5) hash algorithms

• Rivest, Shamir, Adelman (RSA) public-key algorithm

• Diffie-Hellman Groups 1, 2 and 5

Hardware Required

Chapter 1 Overview

Features

The hardware required to ensure proper operation of the C7200 VSA is as follows:

• The C7200 VSA is compatible with the Cisco NPE-G2 processor on the Cisco 7204VXR or Cisco

7206VXR routers.

• ROMmon requirement—12.4(4r)XD5

• I/O FPGA requirement—0x25 (decimal 0.37)

• VSA FPGA requirement—0x13 (decimal 0.19)

This section describes the VSA features, as listed in Table 1 - 1 .

Table 1-1 VSA Features

Feature Description/Benefit

Throughput

Performance to 900 Mbps encrypted throughput using 3DES or AES on the Cisco 7204VXR and Cisco 7206VXR routers

Number of IPSec protected tunnels

Up to 5000 tunnels

Number of tunnels per second Note: will update after further testing

Hardware-based encryption Data protection: IPSec DES, 3DES, and AES

Authentication: RSA and Diffie-Hellman Data integrity: SHA-1 and Message Digest 5 (MD5)

VPN tunneling IPsec tunnel mode; Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) and

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) protected by IPSec

Minimum Cisco IOS software release supported

12.4(4)XD3 fc2 or later release of 12.4XD

12.4(11)T or later release of 12.4T

Standards supported IPSec/IKE: RFCs 2401-2411, 2451

1. As measured with IPSec 3DES HMAC-SHA1 on 1400 byte packets.

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Chapter 1 Overview

Performance

Supported Standards, MIBs, and RFCs

2. Number of tunnels supported varies based on the total system memory installed.

3. On the NPE-G2, the minimum memory requirement is 1 GB of memory.

Table 1- 2 lists the performance information for the VSA.

Table 1-2 Performance for VSA

Cisco Router Throughput1

Cisco 7200VXR series routers with the NPE-G2 processor

1. As measured with IPSec 3DES or AES Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC)-SHA-1 on 1400-byte packets. Performance varies depending on the number of modules, bandwidth, traffic volume, Cisco IOS software release, and so forth.

2. Using Cisco 12.4(4)XD3 fc2 image. Performance varies by Cisco IOS software release.

Performance to 900 Mbps encrypted throughput

Description

Cisco IOS release: 12.4(4)XD3 fc2

7200VXR/NPE-G2/VSA, 1GB system memory

3DES/HMAC-SHA or AES/HMAC-SHA, preshared with no IKE-keepalive configured

Supported Standards, MIBs, and RFCs

This section describes the standards, Management Information Bases (MIBs), and Request for Comments (RFCs) supported on the VSA. Requests for Comments (RFCs) contain information about the supported Internet suite of protocols.

Standards

• IPSec/IKE: RFCs 2401-2411, 2451

MIBs

RFCs

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• CISCO-IPSEC-FLOW-MONITOR-MIB

• CISCO-IPSEC-MIB

• CISCO-IPSEC-POLICY-MAP-MIB

To obtain lists of supported MIBs by platform and Cisco IOS release, and to download MIB modules, go to the Cisco MIB website on Cisco.com at the following URL:

http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml

• IPSec/IKE: RFCs 2401-2411, 2451

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Enabling/Disabling the VSA

This section includes the following topics:

• Disabling the VSA during Operation, page 1-6

• Enabling/Disabling Scheme, page 1-6

The VSA crypto card does not support OIR. The VSA boots up only during system initialization. The VSA will not work if it is inserted after the system is up and running. The VSA can be shut down by a disabling CLI command. The VSA is ready for removal after the disabling CLI command is executed.

Disabling the VSA during Operation

Before removing the VSA, we recommend that you shut down the interface so that there is no traffic running through the VSA when it is removed. Removing an VSA while traffic is flowing through the ports can cause system disruption.

Caution You could damage the VSA, if you remove the VSA without entering the CLI command.

Chapter 1 Overview

To disable the C7200 VSA, use the following commands, starting in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

no crypto engine [slot | accelerator] 0

crypto engine [slot | accelerator] 0

Enabling/Disabling Scheme

This section describes how the VSA operates without OIR support.

Table 1- 3 describes what occurs when the system boots up after power-on or after the reload command

is entered.

Table 1- 4 describes what occurs when the system is in run-time operation.

Table 1- 5 describes what occurs when the crypto engine command is entered.

Table 1-3 System Boots Up After Power-on or After the reload Command is Entered

Condition System Initialization

VSA is present The VSA subsystem comes up and initializes automatically. Other crypto

VSA is not present The VSA subsystem will not be initialized and system will use other crypto

Disables the C7200 VSA.

Enables the C7200 VSA after it has been disabled.

Note See Tab le 1- 5 for more details.

engines will be disabled.

engine if exist.

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Chapter 1 Overview

LEDs

Table 1-4 System is in Run-time Operation

Condition System is Configured

Inserting the VSA The VSA runs in power-off, but you need to perform a system reload or a

reset to bring the VSA up.

CLI Enabling VSA Not supported.

CLI Disabling VSA Hw-module slot 0 shutdown—Not supported.

[no] crypto engine [slot | accelerator] 0—See Ta b l e 1-5

Removing VSA You must enter a disabling CLI (see Table 1 -5) before removing the card

to avoid damaging the hardware.

Table 1-5 crypto engine Command

Command Description of VSA Behavior

Crypto engine slot 0 Crypto engine accelerator 0

This allows the VSA to come up and be registered as a crypto engine with the system.

LEDs

Note The VSA can only be inserted in slot 0

(the I/O controller slot).

No crypto engine slot 0 No crypto engine accelerator 0

The VSA has one LED, as shown in Figure 1-3.

If you just performed this configuration and the VSA is currently disabled, reload or reset the system to bring the VSA up.

Note The current crypto engine will be still

running, and the VSA will take over after the next system reboot.

These CLIs will disable the VSA. This is a configuration setting, so the VSA will remain disabled until you remove this configuration and system reloads or resets.

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Connectors

Chapter 1 Overview

Figure 1-3 VSA LED

LED

Table 1-6 VSA LED

Color State Function

No color Off Indicates that the VSA is disabled.

Green On Indicates the VSA is powered up and enabled for

operation.

Amber On Indicates VSA is booting or has encountered errors.

Yellow Powering Up Indicates that the VSA is powering up, but software

initialization has not started yet.

The following conditions must be met before the enabled LED goes on:

• The VSA is correctly connected to the backplane and receiving power.

• The system bus recognizes the VSA.

If either of these conditions is not met, or if the router initialization fails for other reasons, the enabled LED does not go on.

C7200-VSA

148995

Connectors

See Figure 1-2 for the VSA connectors.

Slot Locations

This section includes the following topics:

• Cisco 7204VXR Router, page 1-8

• Cisco 7206VXR Router, page 1-10

See Figure 1-4 for the slot numbering for the Cisco 7204VXR router.

See Figure 1-5 for the slot numbering for the Cisco 7206VXR router.

Cisco 7204VXR Router

The VSA is supported in the I/O controller port on the Cisco 7204VXR router (see 3 in Figure 1-4).

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Chapter 1 Overview

Slot Locations

Figure 1-4 Cisco 7204VXR Router - Front View

SERIAL-EIA/TIA-232

ENABLED

1 Port adapter 3 VSA in I/O controller slot

2 Port adapter lever

Cisco 7200

I L

XVR

4 J R

-V

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Slot Locations

Cisco 7206VXR Router

The VSA is supported in the I/O controller port on the Cisco 7206VXR router (see 4 in Figure 1-5).

Figure 1-5 Cisco 7206VXR - Front View

Cisco 7200

Series VXR

1 2

D E L B

N E

D T

I L

ETHERNET 10BT

Chapter 1 Overview

TOKEN RING

E L B

A N E

N E

K I I

IN L

4 J R

-V

E H T

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1 Blank port adapter 3 VSA in the I/O controller slot

2 Port adapter

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Preparing for Installation

This chapter describes the general equipment, safety, and site preparation requirements for installing the C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter). This chapter contains the following sections:

• Required Tools and Equipment, page 2-1

• Hardware and Software Requirements, page 2-1

• Online Insertion and Removal (OIR), page 2-3

• Safety Guidelines, page 2-3

• Compliance with U.S. Export Laws and Regulations Regarding Encryption, page 2-5

Required Tools and Equipment

You need the following tools and parts to install a VSA. If you need additional equipment, contact a service representative for ordering information.

CHAPTER

• VSA

• Number 2 Phillips screwdriver

• Your own electrostatic discharge (ESD)-prevention equipment or the disposable grounding wrist

strap included with all upgrade kits, field-replaceable units (FRUs), and spares

• Antistatic mat

• Antistatic container

Hardware and Software Requirements

This section describes the minimum software and hardware requirements for the VSA:

• Software Requirements, page 2-2

• Hardware Requirements, page 2-2

• Restrictions, page 2-2

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Hardware and Software Requirements

Software Requirements

Table 2- 1 lists the recommended minimum Cisco IOS software release required to use the VSA in

supported router or switch platforms. Use the show version command to display the system software version that is currently loaded and running.

Table 2-1 VSA Software Requirements

Platform Recommended Minimum Cisco IOS Release

Cisco 7204VXR Cisco 7206VXR

To check the minimum software requirements of Cisco IOS software with the hardware installed on your router, Cisco maintains the Software Advisor tool on Cisco.com. Registered Cisco Direct users can access the Software Advisor at: http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/CompNav/Index.pl. This tool does not verify whether modules within a system are compatible, but it does provide the minimum Cisco IOS software requirements for individual hardware modules or components.

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

12.4(4)XD3 fc2

Note Access to this tool is limited to users with Cisco.com login accounts.

Hardware Requirements

The hardware required to ensure proper operation of the VSA is as follows:

• The VSA is compatible with the Cisco NPE-G2 processor on the Cisco 7204VXR or

Cisco 7206VXR routers.

The Cisco NPE-G2 is the latest routing engine for the Cisco 7204VXR and 7206VXR, which provides the highest performance and scalability within the family of network processing engines (NPEs).

• ROMmon requirement—12.4(4r)XD5

• I/O FPGA requirement—0x25 (decimal 0.37)

• VSA FPGA requirement—0x13 (decimal 0.19)

Restrictions

The VSA has the following restrictions:

• VSA does not interoperate with other ISA or VAM/VAM2/VAM2+ crypto cards in the same router.

The VAM/VAM2/VAM2+ crypto cards are disabled when the VSA is active in the Cisco 7200VXR series routers with the NPE-G2 processor.

• Only a single VSA card is supported on the Cisco 7200VXR series routers with the NPE-G2

processor.

2-2

Note Only Cisco 7200VXR series routers with the NPE-G2 processor are supported.

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Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

• The VSA module does not support Online Insertion and Removal (OIR). See “Enabling/Disabling

the VSA” section on page 1-6 for details.

• Per packet count details for crypto map ACL are not displayed when the show access-list command

is entered.

Use other counters, such as the output from the show crypto ipsec sa and show crypto engine accelerator statistics 0 commands, to determine if the VSA is processing the packets.

• An anti-replay window size of 1024 is not supported.

Online Insertion and Removal (OIR)

The VSA plugs into the I/O controller slot of the Cisco 7200VXR series chassis. The VSA crypto card does not support OIR. The VSA boots up only during system initialization. The VSA will not work if it is inserted after the system is up and running. The VSA can be shut down by a disabling CLI command (see “Enabling/Disabling the VSA” section on page 1-6). The VSA is ready for removal after the disabling CLI command is executed.

Online Insertion and Removal (OIR)

Caution You could damage the VSA, if you remove the VSA without entering the CLI command.

For more information on OIR, go to “Enabling/Disabling the VSA” section on page 1-6.

Safety Guidelines

This section provides safety guidelines that you should follow when working with any equipment that connects to electrical power or telephone wiring. This section includes the following topics:

• Safety Warnings, page 2-3

• Electrical Equipment Guidelines, page 2-4

• Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage, page 2-4

Safety Warnings

Safety warnings appear throughout this publication in procedures that, if performed incorrectly, might harm you. A warning symbol precedes each warning statement.

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Warning

Ultimate disposal of this product should be handled according to all national laws and regulations.

Hazardous voltage or energy is present on the backplane when the system is operating. Use caution when servicing.

Blank faceplates and cover panels serve three important functions: they prevent exposure to

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Safety Guidelines

hazardous voltages and currents inside the chassis; they contain electromagnetic interference (EMI) that might disrupt other equipment; and they direct the flow of cooling air through the chassis. Do not operate the system unless all cards, faceplates, front covers, and rear covers are in place.

Electrical Equipment Guidelines

Follow these basic guidelines when working with any electrical equipment:

• Before beginning any procedures requiring access to the chassis interior, locate the emergency

power-off switch for the room in which you are working.

• Disconnect all power and external cables before moving a chassis; do not work alone when

potentially hazardous conditions exist.

• Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit; always check.

• Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe;

carefully examine your work area for possible hazards such as moist floors, ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds.

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, which can occur when electronic cards or components are improperly handled, results in complete or intermittent failures. Port adapters and processor modules comprise printed circuit boards that are fixed in metal carriers. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and connectors are integral components of the carrier. Although the metal carrier helps to protect the board from ESD, use a preventive antistatic strap during handling.

Following are guidelines for preventing ESD damage:

• Always use an ESD wrist or ankle strap and ensure that it makes good skin contact.

• Connect the equipment end of the strap to an unfinished chassis surface.

• When installing a component, use any available ejector levers or captive installation screws to

properly seat the bus connectors in the backplane or midplane. These devices prevent accidental removal, provide proper grounding for the system, and help to ensure that bus connectors are properly seated.

• When removing a component, use any available ejector levers or captive installation screws to

release the bus connectors from the backplane or midplane.

• Handle carriers by available handles or edges only; avoid touching the printed circuit boards or

connectors.

• Place a removed board component-side-up on an antistatic surface or in a static shielding container.

If you plan to return the component to the factory, immediately place it in a static shielding container.

• Avoid contact between the printed circuit boards and clothing. The wrist strap only protects

components from ESD voltages on the body; ESD voltages on clothing can still cause damage.

2-4

• Never attempt to remove the printed circuit board from the metal carrier.

• For safety, periodically check the resistance value of the antistatic strap. The measurement should

be between 1 and 10 Mohm.

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Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

Compliance with U.S. Export Laws and Regulations Regarding Encryption

This product performs encryption and is regulated for export by the U.S. government. Persons exporting any item out of the United States by either physical or electronic means must comply with the Export Administration Regulations as administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration. See http://www.bxa.doc.gov/ for more information.

Certain “strong” encryption items can be exported outside the United States depending upon the destination, end user, and end use. See http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/encrypt.html for more information about Cisco-eligible products, destinations, end users, and end uses.

Check local country laws prior to export to determine import and usage requirements as necessary. See

http://cwis.kub.nl/~frw/people/koops/lawsurvy.htm as one possible, unofficial source of international

encryption laws.

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Compliance with U.S. Export Laws and Regulations Regarding Encryption

Chapter 2 Preparing for Installation

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CHAPTER

Removing and Installing the VSA

This chapter describes how to remove the C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) from the supported platforms and how to install a new or replacement VSA.

Before you begin installation, read Chapter 2, “Preparing for Installation” for a list of parts and tools required for installation.

This chapter contains the following sections:

• Handling the VSA, page 3-1

• Online Insertion and Removal (OIR), page 3-2

• Warnings and Cautions, page 3-2

• VSA Removal and Installation, page 3-2

Note A system without an I/O controller or VSA, should have an empty slot to maintain the air flow.

The VSA circuit board is sensitive to ESD damage.

Handling the VSA

The VSA is a double-width circuit board mounted on a metal carrier. (see Figure 3-1).

Caution Always handle the VSA by the carrier edges and handle; never touch the VSA components or connector

pins. (See Figure 3-1.)

Figure 3-1 Handling the VSA

Printed circuit board

Metal carrier

H6419

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Online Insertion and Removal (OIR)

Caution You could damage the VSA, if you remove the VSA without entering the CLI command.

For more information on OIR, go to “Enabling/Disabling the VSA” section on page 1-6.

Warnings and Cautions

Observe the following warnings and cautions when installing or removing the VSA.

Chapter 3 Removing and Installing the VSA

Warning

Blank faceplates and cover panels serve three important functions: they prevent exposure to hazardous voltages and currents inside the chassis; they contain electromagnetic interference (EMI) that might disrupt other equipment; and they direct the flow of cooling air through the chassis. Do not operate the system unless all cards, faceplates, front covers, and rear covers are in place.

The safety cover is an integral part of the product. Do not operate the unit without the safety cover installed. Operating the unit without the cover in place will invalidate the safety approvals and pose a risk of fire and electrical hazards.

Before working on equipment that is connected to power lines, remove jewelry (including rings, necklaces, and watches). Metal objects will heat up when connected to power and ground and can cause serious burns or weld the metal object to the terminals.

Keep hands and fingers out of the power supply bays. High voltage is present on the power backplane when the system is running.

VSA Removal and Installation

This section describes how to remove and install the VSA.

Warning

When performing the following procedures, wear a grounding wrist strap to avoid ESD damage to the card. Some platforms have an ESD connector for attaching the wrist strap. Do not directly touch the midplane or backplane with your hand or any metal tool, or you could shock yourself.

3-2

Note After powering off the router, wait at least 30 seconds before powering it on again.

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Chapter 3 Removing and Installing the VSA

Follow these steps to remove and insert the VSA in the Cisco 7200VXR series routers:

Step 1 Turn the power switch to the off position and then remove the power cable. (Optional on Cisco 7200VXR

series routers; see Warnings and Cautions, page 3-2, above.)

Step 2 Attach an ESD wrist strap between you and an unpainted chassis surface.

Step 3 Unscrew the screws holding the VSA in the slot.

Step 4 Grasp the handle of the VSA and pull the VSA from the router (see Figure 3-2).

Figure 3-2 Cisco 7206VXR Chassis Shown - Removing VSA from I/O Controller Slot

VSA Removal and Installation

Cisco 7200

Series VXR

C7200-VSA

153077

Step 5 Carefully align the new VSA carrier between the upper and the lower edges of the I/O controller slot.

Caution To prevent jamming the carrier between the upper and the lower edges of the I/O controller slot, and to

ensure that the edge connector at the rear of the VSA mates with the connection at the rear of the I/O controller slot, make certain that the carrier is positioned correctly, as shown in Figure 3-2.

Step 6 Slide the new VSA into the I/O controller slot until it is seated in the router midplane.

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Caution Do not allow the VSA components to come in contact with the system board or the VSA could be

damaged.

If you are removing, but not replacing a VSA, insert a blank service adapter filler in the unoccupied I/O controller slot, to ensure the proper flow of cooling air across the internal components.

Step 7 Reattach the power cable, and place the cable through any cable support brackets.

Step 8 Power on the router by turning the power switch to the on position.

This completes the removal and installation procedure of the VSA from the Cisco 7200VXR series routers.

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VSA Removal and Installation

Chapter 3 Removing and Installing the VSA

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Overview

CHAPTER

Configuring the VSA

This chapter contains the information and procedures needed to configure the C7200-VSA (VPN Services Adapter). This chapter contains the following sections:

• Overview, page 4-1

• Configuration Tasks, page 4-1

• Configuration Examples, page 4-18

• Basic IPSec Configuration Illustration, page 4-19

• Troubleshooting Tips, page 4-21

• Monitoring and Maintaining the VSA, page 4-23

The VSA in the I/O controller slot provides encryption services for the I/O controller port in the Cisco 7204VXR or Cisco 7206VXR router with a NPE-G2 processor. If you have previously configured IPSec on the router and you install a VSA, the VSA automatically performs encryption services.

Note The Cisco 7204VXR and the 7206VXR routers support a single VSA.

There are no interfaces to configure on the VSA.

This section only contains basic configuration information for enabling encryption and IPSec tunneling services. Refer to the “IP Security and Encryption” part of the Security Configuration Guide and the Security Command Reference guide for detailed configuration information on IPSec, IKE, and CA.

Configuration Tasks

On power up, the VSA is fully functional and does not require any configuration commands. However, for the VSA to provide encryption services, you must complete the steps in the following sections:

• Using the EXEC Command Interpreter, page 4-2 (required)

• Configuring an IKE Policy, page 4-2 (required)

• Configuring a Transform Set, page 4-4 (required)

• Configuring IPSec, page 4-8 (required)

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Configuration Tasks

• Disabling VSA (Optional), page 4-4 (optional)

• Verifying IKE and IPSec Configurations, page 4-15 (optional)

• Configuring IPSec Configuration Example, page 4-18 (optional)

Note You can configure a static crypto map, create a dynamic crypto map, or add a dynamic crypto map into

a static crypto map. Refer to the configuration examples and tech notes located online at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/secursw/ps2308/prod_configuration_examples_list.html.

Optionally, you can configure certification authority (CA) interoperability (refer to the “Configuring Certification Authority Interoperability” chapter in the Security Configuration Guide).

Using the EXEC Command Interpreter

You modify the configuration of your router through the software command interpreter called the EXEC (also called enable mode). You must enter the privileged level of the EXEC command interpreter with the enable command before you can use the configure command to configure a new interface or change the existing configuration of an interface. The system prompts you for a password if one has been set.

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

The system prompt for the privileged level ends with a pound sign (#) instead of an angle bracket (>). At the console terminal, use the following procedure to enter the privileged level:

Step 1 At the user-level EXEC prompt, enter the enable command. The EXEC prompts you for a

privileged-level password as follows:

Router> enable

Password:

Step 2 Enter the password (the password is case sensitive). For security purposes, the password is not displayed.

When you enter the correct password, the system displays the privileged-level system prompt (#):

Router#

This completes the procedure for entering the privileged level of the EXEC command interpreter.

Configuring an IKE Policy

If you do not specify a value for a parameter, the default value is assigned. For information on default values, refer to the “IP Security and Encryption” chapter of the Security Command Reference publication.

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Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Router(config)# crypto isakmp policy

priority

Router(config-isakmp)# encryption {des | 3des | aes | aes 128 | aes 192 | aes 256}

Router(config-isakmp)# authentication {rsa-sig | rsa-encr | pre-share}

Configuration Tasks

To configure an IKE policy, use the following commands beginning in global configuration mode:

Defines an IKE policy and enters Internet Security Association Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) policy configuration (config-isakmp) mode.

Specifies the encryption algorithm within an IKE policy.

• des—Specifies 56-bit DES as the encryption algorithm.

• 3des—Specifies 168-bit DES as the encryption algorithm.

• aes—Specifies 128-bit AES as the encryption algorithm.

• aes 128—Specifies 128-bit AES as the encryption algorithm.

• aes 192—Specifies 192-bit AES as the encryption algorithm.

• aes 256—Specifies 256-bit AES as the encryption algorithm.

(Optional) Specifies the authentication method within an IKE policy.

Step 4

Router(config-isakmp)# lifetime

seconds

• rsa-sig—Specifies Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman (RSA)

signatures as the authentication method.

• rsa-encr—Specifies RSA encrypted nonces as the

authentication method.

• pre-share—Specifies preshared keys as the authentication

method.

Note If this command is not enabled, the default value (rsa-sig)

will be used.

(Optional) Specifies the lifetime of an IKE security association (SA).

seconds—Number of seconds that each SA should exist before expiring. Use an integer from 60 to 86,400 seconds.

Note If this command is not enabled, the default value (86,400

seconds [one day]) will be used.

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Configuration Tasks

Command Purpose

Step 5

Step 6

Router(config-isakmp)# hash {sha | md5}

Router(config-isakmp)# group {1 | 2 | 5}

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

(Optional) Specifies the hash algorithm within an IKE policy.

• sha—Specifies SHA-1 (HMAC variant) as the hash

algorithm.

• md5—Specifies MD5 (HMAC variant) as the hash

algorithm.

Note If this command is not enabled, the default value (sha)

will be used.

(Optional) Specifies the Diffie-Hellman (DH) group identifier within an IKE policy.

1—Specifies the 768-bit DH group.

2—Specifies the 1024-bit DH group.

5—Specifies the 1536-bit DH group.

Note If this command is not enabled, the default value (768-bit)

will be used.

For detailed information on creating IKE policies, refer to the “Configuring Internet Key Exchange Security Protocol” chapter in the Security Configuration Guide publication.

Disabling VSA (Optional)

The VSA is enabled by default.

To disable the VSA, use the following commands, starting in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 7

Step 8

no crypto engine [slot | accelerator] 0

Note The VSA can only be inserted in slot 0.

crypto engine [slot | accelerator] 0

This completes the procedure for disabling and preparing to enable VSA after the next system reboot.

Configuring a Transform Set

Disables VSA.

VSA will be enabled after the next system reboot.

4-4

See the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) feature module for more information on configuring a transform set.

This section includes the following topics:

• Defining a Transform Set

• IPSec Protocols: AH and ESP

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Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

• Selecting Appropriate Transforms

• The Crypto Transform Configuration Mode

• Changing Existing Transforms

• Transform Example

A transform set is an acceptable combination of security protocols, algorithms, and other settings to apply to IPSec protected traffic. During the IPSec security association (SA) negotiation, the peers agree to use a particular transform set when protecting a particular data flow.

Defining a Transform Set

A transform set is a combination of security protocols and algorithms. During the IPSec security association negotiation, peers agree to use a specific transform set to protect a particular data flow.

To define a transform set, use the following commands, starting in global configuration mode:

Note The clear commands in Step 4 below are in EXEC or enable mode (see “Using the EXEC Command

Interpreter” section on page 4-2 for more details).

Configuration Tasks

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Command Purpose

Router(config)# crypto ipsec transform-set

transform1 [transform2 [transform3

transform-set-name

]]

Defines a transform set and enters crypto transform configuration mode.

• transform-set-name—Specifies the name of the transform set

to create (or modify).

• transform1 [transform2 [transform3]

[transform4]]—Defines the IPSec security protocols and algorithms. Accepted transform values are described in

Table 4- 1.

Router(cfg-crypto-tran)# mode [tunnel | transport]

(Optional) Changes the mode associated with the transform set. The mode setting is only applicable to traffic whose source and destination addresses are the IPSec peer addresses; it is ignored for all other traffic. (All other traffic is in tunnel mode only.)

end

Router# clear crypto sa or Router# clear crypto sa peer {

peer-name

| or Router# clear crypto sa map or Router# clear crypto sa spi

destination-address protocol spi

}

ip-address

map-name

Exits the crypto transform configuration mode to enabled mode.

Clears existing IPSec security associations so that any changes to a transform set take effect on subsequently established security associations (SAs). (Manually established SAs are reestablished immediately.)

Using the clear crypto sa command without parameters clears out the full SA database, which clears out active security sessions. You may also specify the peer, map, or spi keywords to clear out only a subset of the SA database.

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Configuration Tasks

Table 4- 1 shows allowed transform combinations for the AH and ESP protocols.

Table 4-1 Allowed Transform Combinations

Transform type Transform Description

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

AH Transform (Pick up to one.) ah-md5-hmac

ah-sha-hmac

ESP Encryption Transform (Note: If an ESP

esp-aes

Authentication Transform is used, you must

pick one.)

esp-aes 128

esp-aes 192

esp-aes 256

esp-des

esp-3des

AH with the MD5 (Message Digest 5) (HMAC variant) authentication algorithm

AH with the SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) (HMAC variant) authentication algorithm

ESP with the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm

ESP with the 128-bit AES encryption algorithm

ESP with the 192-bit AES encryption algorithm

ESP with the 256-bit AES encryption algorithm

ESP with the 56-bit Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption algorithm

ESP with the 168-bit DES encryption algorithm (3DES or Triple DES)

ESP Authentication Transform (Pick up to one.)

Examples of acceptable transform combinations are as follows:

• ah-md5-hmac

• esp-des

• esp-3des and esp-md5-hmac

• ah-sha-hmac and esp-des and esp-sha-hmac

The parser will prevent you from entering invalid combinations; for example, once you specify an AH transform it will not allow you to specify another AH transform for the current transform set.

esp-null

esp-md5-hmac

esp-sha-hmac

Null encryption algorithm

ESP with the MD5 (HMAC variant) authentication algorithm

ESP with the SHA (HMAC variant) authentication algorithm

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Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

IPSec Protocols: AH and ESP

Both the AH and ESP protocols implement security services for IPSec.

AH provides data authentication and antireplay services.

ESP provides packet encryption and optional data authentication and antireplay services.

ESP encapsulates the protected data—either a full IP datagram (or only the payload)—with an ESP header and an ESP trailer. AH is embedded in the protected data; it inserts an AH header immediately after the outer IP header and before the inner IP datagram or payload. Traffic that originates and terminates at the IPSec peers can be sent in either tunnel or transport mode; all other traffic is sent in tunnel mode. Tunnel mode encapsulates and protects a full IP datagram, while transport mode encapsulates/protects the payload of an IP datagram. For more information about modes, refer to the mode (IPSec) command description.

Selecting Appropriate Transforms

The following tips may help you select transforms that are appropriate for your situation:

• If you want to provide data confidentiality, include an ESP encryption transform.

• If you want to ensure data authentication for the outer IP header as well as the data, include an AH

transform. (Some consider the benefits of outer IP header data integrity to be debatable.)

Configuration Tasks

• If you use an ESP encryption transform, also consider including an ESP authentication transform or

an AH transform to provide authentication services for the transform set.

• If you want data authentication (either using ESP or AH) you can choose from the MD5 or SHA

(HMAC keyed hash variants) authentication algorithms. The SHA algorithm is generally considered stronger than MD5 but is slightly slower.

• Note that some transforms might not be supported by the IPSec peer.

Note If a user enters an IPSec transform that the hardware (the IPSec peer) does not support, a warning

message will be displayed immediately after the crypto ipsec transform-set command is entered.

• In cases where you need to specify an encryption transform but do not actually encrypt packets, you

can use the esp-null transform.

Suggested transform combinations follow:

• esp-aes and esp-sha-hmac

• ah-sha-hmac and esp-aes and esp-sha-hmac

The Crypto Transform Configuration Mode

After you issue the crypto ipsec transform-set command, you are put into the crypto transform configuration mode. While in this mode, you can change the mode to tunnel or transport. (These are optional changes.) After you have made these changes, type exit to return to global configuration mode. For more information about these optional changes, refer to the match address (IPSec) and mode (IPSec) command descriptions.

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Configuration Tasks

Changing Existing Transforms

If one or more transforms are specified in the crypto ipsec transform-set command for an existing transform set, the specified transforms will replace the existing transforms for that transform set.

If you change a transform set definition, the change is only applied to crypto map entries that reference the transform set. The change will not be applied to existing SAs, but will be used in subsequent negotiations to establish new SAs. If you want the new settings to take effect sooner, you can clear all or part of the SA database by using the clear crypto sa command.

Transform Example

The following example defines two transform sets. The first transform set will be used with an IPSec peer that supports the newer ESP and AH protocols. The second transform set will be used with an IPSec peer that only supports the older transforms.

crypto ipsec transform-set newer esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set older ah-rfc-1828 esp-rfc1829

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Configuring IPSec

This section includes the following topics:

• Ensuring That Access Lists Are Compatible with IPSec (required)

• Setting Global Lifetimes for IPSec Security Associations (required)

• Creating Crypto Access Lists (required)

• Creating Crypto Map Entries (required)

• Creating Dynamic Crypto Maps (required)

• Applying Crypto Map Sets to Interfaces (required)

• Verifying the Configuration (optional)

For IPSec configuration examples, refer to the “Configuring IPSec Configuration Example” section on

page 4-18.

See the “Configuring IPSec Network Security” of the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide for more information on configuring IPSec.

Ensuring That Access Lists Are Compatible with IPSec

IKE uses UDP port 500. The IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) protocols use protocol numbers 50 and 51. Ensure that your interface access lists are configured so that protocol numbers 50, 51, and UDP port 500 traffic are not blocked at interfaces used by IPSec. In some cases you might need to add a statement to your access lists to explicitly permit this traffic.

Setting Global Lifetimes for IPSec Security Associations

You can change the global lifetime values which are used when negotiating new IPSec security associations. (These global lifetime values can be overridden for a particular crypto map entry).

These lifetimes only apply to security associations established via IKE. Manually established security associations do not expire.

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To change a global lifetime for IPSec security associations, use one or more of the following commands:

Note The clear commands in Step 5 below are in EXEC or enable mode (see “Using the EXEC Command

Interpreter” section on page 4-2 for more details).

Step Command Purpose

Step 1

Router# enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode. Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

Step 3

Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds

seconds

Enters global configuration mode.

Changes global lifetime values used when negotiating IPSec security associations (SAs). To reset a lifetime to the default value, use the no form of this command.

Specifies the number of seconds a security association will live before expiring. The default is 3600 seconds (one hour).

Step 4

Router(config)# crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes

kilobytes

Changes the global “traffic-volume” lifetime for IPSec SAs.

Specifies the volume of traffic (in kilobytes) that can pass between IPSec peers using a given security association before that security association expires. The default is 4,608,000 kilobytes.

Step 5

Router# clear crypto sa

(Optional) Clears existing security associations. This causes any existing security associations to expire

Router# clear crypto sa peer {

peer-name

}

Router# clear crypto sa map

map-name

ip-address

immediately; future security associations will use the new lifetimes. Otherwise, any existing security associations will expire according to the previously configured lifetimes.

Note Using the clear crypto sa command without

Router# clear crypto sa spi

protocol spi

destination-address

Configuration Tasks

parameters will clear out the full SA database, which will clear out active security sessions. You may also specify the peer, map, or spi keywords to clear out only a subset of the SA database. For more information, see the clear crypto sa command.

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Configuration Tasks

Creating Crypto Access Lists

Crypto access lists define which IP traffic will be protected by encryption. (These access lists are not the same as regular access lists, which determine what traffic to forward or block at an interface.) For example, access lists can be created to protect all IP traffic between Subnet A and Subnet Y or Telnet traffic between Host A and Host B.

To create crypto access lists, use the following command in global configuration mode:

Step Command Purpose

Step 1

Router(config)# access-list | permit}

destination destination-wildcard

protocol source source-wildcard

Router(config)# ip access-list extended

Step 2

Step 3

1. You specify conditions using an IP access list designated by either a number or a name. The access-list command designates a numbered extended access

Add permit and deny statements as appropriate. Adds permit or deny statements to access lists.

End

list; the ip access-list extended command designates a named access list.

access-list-number

[log]

name

{deny

Specifies conditions to determine which IP packets will be protected.

(Enable or disable crypto for

traffic that matches these conditions.)

We recommend that you configure “mirror image” crypto access lists for use by IPSec and that you avoid using the any keyword.

Exits the configuration command mode.

For detailed information on configuring access lists, refer to the “Configuring IPSec Network Security” chapter in the Security Configuration Guide publication.

Creating Crypto Map Entries

You can apply only one crypto map set to a single interface. The crypto map set can include a combination of IPSec/IKE and IPSec/manual entries. Multiple interfaces can share the same crypto map set if you want to apply the same policy to multiple interfaces.

To create crypto map entries that do not use IKE to establish the security associations, use the following commands, starting in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Router(config)# crypto map ipsec-manual

Router(config-crypto-m)# match address

access-list-id

Router(config-crypto-m)# set peer

ip-address

}

map-name seq-num

{hostname

Specifies the crypto map entry to create (or modify).

This command puts you into the crypto map configuration mode.

Names an IPSec access list. This access list determines which traffic should be protected by IPSec and which traffic should not be protected by IPSec security in the context of this crypto map entry. (The access list can specify only one permit entry when IKE is not used.)

Specifies the remote IPSec peer. This is the peer to which IPSec protected traffic should be forwarded.

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(Only one peer can be specified when IKE is not used.)

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Command Purpose

Step 4

Step 5

Router(config-crypto-m)# set transform-set

transform-set-name

Router(config-crypto-m)# set session-key inbound ah

spi hex-key-string

and

Router(config-crypto-m)# set session-key outbound ah

spi hex-key-string

Step 6

Router(config-crypto-m)# set session-key inbound esp

spi

cipher

hex-key-string

and

Router(config-crypto-m)# set session-key outbound esp

spi

cipher

Step 7

hex-key-string

Router(config-crypto-m)# exit

]

[authenticator

hex-key-string

]

[authenticator

Configuration Tasks

Specifies which transform set should be used.

This must be the same transform set that is specified in the corresponding crypto map entry on the remote peer .

(Only one transform set can be specified when IKE is not used.)

Sets the AH Security Parameter Indexes (SPIs) and keys to apply to inbound and outbound protected traffic if the specified transform set includes the AH protocol.

(This manually specifies the AH security association to be used with protected traffic.)

Sets the ESP Security Parameter Indexes (SPIs) and keys to apply to inbound and outbound protected traffic if the specified transform set includes the ESP protocol. Specifies the cipher keys if the transform set includes an ESP cipher algorithm. Specifies the authenticator keys if the transform set includes an ESP authenticator algorithm.

(This manually specifies the ESP security association to be used with protected traffic.)

Exits crypto-map configuration mode and return to global configuration mode.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

To create crypto map entries that will use IKE to establish the security associations, use the following commands starting in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Router(config)# crypto map ipsec-isakmp

map-name seq-num

Names the crypto map entry to create (or modify).

This command puts you into the crypto map configuration mode.

Router(config-crypto-m)# match address

access-list-id

Names an extended access list. This access list determines which traffic should be protected by IPSec and which traffic should not be protected by IPSec security in the context of this crypto map entry.

Router(config-crypto-m)# set peer {

ip-address

}

hostname

Specifies a remote IPSec peer. This is the peer to which IPSec protected traffic can be forwarded.

Repeat for multiple remote peers.

Router(config-crypto-m)# set transform-set

transform-set-name1

transform-set-name2...transform-set-name6

[

]

Specifies which transform sets are allowed for this crypto map entry. List multiple transform sets in order of priority (highest priority first).

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Configuration Tasks

Command Purpose

Step 5

Router(config-crypto-m)# set security-association lifetime seconds

seconds

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(Optional) Specifies a security association lifetime for the crypto map entry.

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8

and

Router (config-crypto-m)# set security-association lifetime kilobytes

Router(config-crypto-m)# set security-association level per-host

Router(config-crypto-m)# set pfs [group1 | group2 | group5]

Router(config-crypto-m)# exit

kilobytes

Use this command if you want the security associations for this crypto map entry to be negotiated using different IPSec security association lifetimes than the global lifetimes.

(Optional) Specifies that separate security associations should be established for each source/destination host pair.

Without this command, a single IPSec “tunnel” could carry traffic for multiple source hosts and multiple destination hosts.

With this command, when the router requests new security associations it will establish one set for traffic between Host A and Host B, and a separate set for traffic between Host A and Host C.

Use this command with care, as multiple streams between given subnets can rapidly consume resources.

(Optional) Specifies that IPSec should ask for perfect forward secrecy when requesting new security associations for this crypto map entry, or should demand perfect forward secrecy (PFS) in requests received from the IPSec peer.

Exits crypto-map configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Creating Dynamic Crypto Maps

A dynamic crypto map entry is a crypto map entry with some parameters not configured.The missing parameters are later dynamically configured (as the result of an IPSec negotiation). Dynamic crypto maps are only available for use by IKE.

Dynamic crypto map entries are grouped into sets. A set is a group of dynamic crypto map entries all with the same dynamic-map-name, each with a different dynamic-seq-num.

To create a dynamic crypto map entry, use the following commands starting in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Router(config)# crypto dynamic-map

dynamic-seq-num

Router(config-crypto-m)# set transform-set

transform-set-name1

[

transform-set-name2...transform-set-name6

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dynamic-map-name

]

Creates a dynamic crypto map entry.

Specifies which transform sets are allowed for the crypto map entry. List multiple transform sets in order of priority (highest priority first).

This is the only configuration statement required in dynamic crypto map entries.

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Command Purpose

Step 3

Router(config-crypto-m)# match address

access-list-id

Configuration Tasks

(Optional) Accesses list number or name of an extended access list. This access list determines which traffic should be protected by IPSec and which traffic should not be protected by IPSec security in the context of this crypto map entry.

Note Although access-lists are optional for

dynamic crypto maps, they are highly recommended.

If this is configured, the data flow identity proposed by the IPSec peer must fall within a permit statement for this crypto access list.

If this is not configured, the router will accept any data flow identity proposed by the IPSec peer. However, if this is configured but the specified access list does not exist or is empty, the router will drop all packets. This is similar to static crypto maps because they also require that an access list be specified.

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8

Care must be taken if the any keyword is used in the access list, because the access list is used for packet filtering as well as for negotiation.

Router(config-crypto-m)# set peer {

ip-address

}

hostname

(Optional) Specifies a remote IPSec peer. Repeat for multiple remote peers.

This is rarely configured in dynamic crypto map entries. Dynamic crypto map entries are often used for unknown remote peers.

Router(config-crypto-m)# set security-association lifetime seconds

seconds

and

Router (config-crypto-m)# set security-association lifetime kilobytes

Router(config-crypto-m)# set pfs [group1 | group2 | group5]

kilobytes

(Optional) If you want the security associations for this crypto map to be negotiated using shorter IPSec security association lifetimes than the globally specified lifetimes, specify a key lifetime for the crypto map entry.

(Optional) Specifies that IPSec should ask for perfect forward secrecy when requesting new security associations for this crypto map entry or should demand perfect forward secrecy in requests received from the IPSec peer.

Router(config-crypto-m)# exit

Exits crypto-map configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode.

Repeat these steps to create additional crypto map entries as required.

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Configuration Tasks

To add a dynamic crypto map set into a crypto map set, use the following command in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Router(config)# crypto map ipsec-isakmp dynamic

dynamic-map-name

Applying Crypto Map Sets to Interfaces

Apply a crypto map set to each interface through which IPSec traffic will flow. Crypto maps instruct the router to evaluate the interface traffic against the crypto map set and use the specified policy during connection or security association negotiation on behalf of traffic to be protected by crypto.

To apply a crypto map set to an interface, use the following command in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Router(config-if)# crypto map

map-name seq-num

map-name

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

Adds a dynamic crypto map set to a static crypto map set.

Applies a crypto map set to an interface.

To specify redundant interfaces and name an identifying interface, use the following command in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Router(config)# crypto map local-address

interface-id

map-name

Monitoring and Maintaining IPSec

To clear (and reinitialize) IPSec security associations, use one of the following commands in EXEC or enable mode (see “Using the EXEC Command Interpreter” section on page 4-2 for more details):

Command Purpose

Router# clear crypto sa

Router# clear crypto sa counters

Router# clear crypto sa peer {

peer-name

}

ip-address

Clears IPSec security associations.

Note Using the clear crypto sa command without parameters

Permits redundant interfaces to share the same crypto map, using the same local identity.

will clear out the full SA database, which will clear out active security sessions. You may also specify the peer, map, or spi keywords to clear out only a subset of the SA database. For more information, see the clear crypto sa command.

Router# clear crypto sa map

Router# clear crypto sa spi

protocol spi

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To view information about your IPSec configuration, use one or more of the following commands in EXEC mode:

Command Purpose

Router# show crypto ipsec transform-set

Router# show crypto map [interface

map-name

tag

Router# show crypto ipsec sa [map address | identity] [detail]

Router# show crypto dynamic-map [tag

Router# show crypto ipsec security-association

lifetime

]

interface

map-name

Displays your transform set configuration.

Displays your crypto map configuration.

Displays information about IPSec security associations.

]

Displays information about dynamic crypto maps.

Displays global security association lifetime values.

Verifying IKE and IPSec Configurations

To view information about your IPSec configurations, use the show crypto ipsec transform-set EXEC command.

Configuration Tasks

Note If a user enters an IPSec transform that the hardware (the IPSec peer) does not support, a warning

message will be displayed in the show crypto ipsec transform-set command output.

The following sample output from the show crypto ipsec transform-set command displays a warning message after a user tries to configure an IPSec transform that the hardware does not support:

Router# show crypto ipsec transform-set Transform set transform-1:{esp-256-aes esp-md5-hmac} will negotiate = {Tunnel, },

WARNING:encryption hardware does not support transform esp-aes 256 within IPSec transform transform-1

To view information about your IKE configurations, use show crypto isakmp policy EXEC command.

Note If a user enters an IKE encryption method that the hardware does not support, a warning message will

be displayed in the show crypto isakmp policy output.

The following sample output from the show crypto isakmp policy command displays a warning message after a user tries to configure an IKE encryption method that the hardware does not support:

Router# show crypto isakmp policy

Protection suite of priority 1 encryption algorithm: AES - Advanced Encryption Standard (256 bit keys). WARNING:encryption hardware does not support the configured encryption method for ISAKMP policy 1 hash algorithm: Secure Hash Standard authentication method: Pre-Shared Key Diffie-Hellman group: #1 (768 bit) lifetime: 3600 seconds, no volume limit

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Configuration Tasks

Verifying the Configuration

Some configuration changes take effect only after subsequent security associations are negotiated. For the new settings to take effect immediately, clear the existing security associations.

To clear (and reinitialize) IPSec security associations, use one of the commands in Table 4 -2 in EXEC or enable mode (see “Using the EXEC Command Interpreter” section on page 4-2 for more details):

Table 4-2 Commands to Clear IP Sec Security Associations

Command Purpose

clear crypto sa

or clear crypto sa peer {

peer-name

clear crypto sa map

clear crypto sa spi

protocol spi

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

Clear IPSec security associations (SAs).

}

ip-address

map-name

destination-address

The following steps provide information on verifying your configurations:

Step 1 Enter the show crypto ipsec transform-set command to view your transform set configuration:

Router# show crypto ipsec transform-set Transform set combined-des-md5: {esp-des esp-md5-hmac} will negotiate = {Tunnel,}, Transform set t1: {esp-des esp-md5-hmac} will negotiate = {Tunnel,}, Transform set t100: {ah-sha-hmac} will negotiate = {Transport,}, Transform set t2: {ah-sha-hmac} will negotiate = {Tunnel,}, {esp-des} will negotiate = {Tunnel,},

Step 2 Enter the show crypto map [interface interface | tag map-name] command to view your crypto map

configuration:

Router# show crypto map Crypto Map: “router-alice” idb: Ethernet0 local address: 172.21.114.123 Crypto Map “router-alice” 10 ipsec-isakmp Peer = 172.21.114.67 Extended IP access list 141 access-list 141 permit ip source: addr = 172.21.114.123/0.0.0.0 dest: addr = 172.21.114.67/0.0.0.0 Current peer: 172.21.114.67 Security-association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/120 seconds PFS (Y/N): N Transform sets={t1,}

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Step 3 Enter the show crypto ipsec sa [map map-name | address | identity | detail | interface] command to

view information about IPSec security associations:

Router# show crypto ipsec sa interface: Ethernet0 Crypto map tag: router-alice, local addr. 172.21.114.123 local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.21.114.123/255.255.255.255/0/0)

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remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.21.114.67/255.255.255.255/0/0) current_peer: 172.21.114.67 PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,} #pkts encaps: 10, #pkts encrypt: 10, #pkts digest 10 #pkts decaps: 10, #pkts decrypt: 10, #pkts verify 10 #send errors 10, #recv errors 0 local crypto endpt.: 172.21.114.123, remote crypto endpt.: 172.21.114.67 path mtu 1500, media mtu 1500 current outbound spi: 20890A6F inbound esp sas: spi: 0x257A1039(628756537) transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac, in use settings ={Tunnel,} slot: 0, conn id: 26, crypto map: router-alice sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607999/90) IV size: 8 bytes replay detection support: Y inbound ah sas: outbound esp sas: spi: 0x20890A6F(545852015) transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac, in use settings ={Tunnel,} slot: 0, conn id: 27, crypto map: router-alice sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607999/90) IV size: 8 bytes replay detection support: Y outbound ah sas: interface: Tunnel0 Crypto map tag: router-alice, local addr. 172.21.114.123 local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.21.114.123/255.255.255.255/0/0) remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (172.21.114.67/255.255.255.255/0/0) current_peer: 172.21.114.67 PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,} #pkts encaps: 10, #pkts encrypt: 10, #pkts digest 10 #pkts decaps: 10, #pkts decrypt: 10, #pkts verify 10 #send errors 10, #recv errors 0 local crypto endpt.: 172.21.114.123, remote crypto endpt.: 172.21.114.67 path mtu 1500, media mtu 1500 current outbound spi: 20890A6F inbound esp sas: spi: 0x257A1039(628756537) transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac, in use settings ={Tunnel,} slot: 0, conn id: 26, crypto map: router-alice sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607999/90) IV size: 8 bytes replay detection support: Y inbound ah sas: outbound esp sas: spi: 0x20890A6F(545852015) transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac, in use settings ={Tunnel,} slot: 0, conn id: 27, crypto map: router-alice sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607999/90) IV size: 8 bytes replay detection support: Y outbound ah sas:

Configuration Tasks

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Configuration Examples

This section provides the following configuration examples:

• Configuring IKE Policies Example, page 4-18

• Configuring IPSec Configuration Example, page 4-18

• Basic IPSec Configuration Illustration, page 4-19

Configuring IKE Policies Example

In the following example, two IKE policies are created, with policy 15 as the highest priority, policy 20 as the next priority, and the existing default priority as the lowest priority. It also creates a preshared key to be used with policy 20 with the remote peer whose IP address is 192.168.224.33.

crypto isakmp policy 15 encryption 3des hash md5 authentication rsa-sig group 2 lifetime 5000 crypto isakmp policy 20 authentication pre-share lifetime 10000 crypto isakmp key 1234567890 address 192.168.224.33

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

Configuring IPSec Configuration Example

The following example shows a minimal IPSec configuration where the security associations will be established via IKE:

An IPSec access list defines which traffic to protect:

access-list 101 permit ip 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.255

A transform set defines how the traffic will be protected. In this example, transform set “myset1” uses DES encryption and SHA for data packet authentication:

crypto ipsec transform-set myset1 esp-des esp-sha

Another transform set example is “myset2,” which uses Triple DES encryptions and MD5 (HMAC variant) for data packet authentication:

crypto ipsec transform-set myset2 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac

A crypto map joins together the IPSec access list and transform set and specifies where the protected traffic is sent (the remote IPSec peer):

crypto map toRemoteSite 10 ipsec-isakmp match address 101 set transform-set myset2 set peer 10.2.2.5

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The crypto map is applied to an interface:

interface Serial0 ip address 10.0.0.2 crypto map toRemoteSite

Note In this example, IKE must be enabled.

Basic IPSec Configuration Illustration

The following is an example of an IPSec configuration in which the security associations are established through IKE. In this example, an access list is used to restrict the packets that are encrypted and decrypted. In this example, all packets going from IP address 10.0.0.2 to IP address 10.2.2.2 are encrypted and decrypted and all packets going from IP address 10.2.2.2 to IP address 10.0.0.2 are encrypted and decrypted. Also, one IKE policy is created.

Figure 4-1 Basic IPSec Configuration

Basic IPSec Configuration Illustration

Clear text Clear text

10.0.0.2

10.0.0.1

Router A Configuration

Specify the parameters to be used during an IKE negotiation:

Update to 3DES/AES

crypto isakmp policy 15

encryption des hash md5 authentication pre-share group 2 lifetime 5000

Only packets from 10.0.0.2 to 10.2.2.2 are encrypted and authenticated across the network.

Encrypted text

10.0.0.3

Router A

All other packets are not encrypted

Clear text

10.2.2.3

10.2.2.2

Router B

10.2.2.1

29728

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crypto isakmp key 1234567890 address 10.2.2.3 crypto isakmp identity address

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Basic IPSec Configuration Illustration

Note In the preceding example, the encryption DES of policy 15 would not appear in the written configuration

because this is the default value for the encryption algorithm parameter.

A transform set defines how the traffic will be protected:

crypto ipsec transform-set auth1 ah-md5-hmac esp-des esp-md5-hmac

mode tunnel

Note In the preceding example, the mode tunnel would not appear in the written configuration because this is

the default value for the transform-set.

A crypto map joins the transform set and specifies where the protected traffic is sent (the remote IPSec peer):

crypto map toRemoteSite 10 ipsec-isakmp match address 101 set peer 10.2.2.3 set transform-set auth1

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

The crypto map is applied to an interface:

interface Serial0 ip address 10.0.0.3

crypto map toRemoteSite

An IPSec access list defines which traffic to protect:

access-list 101 permit ip host 10.0.0.2 host 10.2.2.2 access-list 101 permit ip host 10.0.0.3 host 10.2.2.3

Router B Configuration

Specify the parameters to be used during an IKE negotiation:

crypto isakmp policy 15

encryption des hash md5 authentication pre-share group 2 lifetime 5000

crypto isakmp key 1234567890 address 10.0.0.3 crypto isakmp identity address

A transform set defines how the traffic will be protected:

crypto ipsec transform-set auth1 ah-md5-hmac esp-des ah-md5-hmac

mode tunnel

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Note In the preceding example, the parameter “mode tunnel” would not appear in the written configuration

because this is the default value for this configuration.

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A crypto map joins the transform set and specifies where the protected traffic is sent (the remote IPSec peer):

crypto map toRemoteSite 10 ipsec-isakmp

match address 101 set peer 10.0.0.3 set transform-set auth1

The crypto map is applied to an interface:

interface Serial0

ip address 10.2.2.3 crypto map toRemoteSite

An IPSec access list defines which traffic to protect:

access-list 101 permit ip host 10.2.2.2 host 10.0.0.2 access-list 101 permit ip host 10.2.2.3 host 10.0.0.3

Troubleshooting Tips

To verify that Cisco IOS software has recognized the VSA, enter the show diag command and check the output. In the following example, the IOS software recognizes the C7200-VSA, which is found in slot 0 in the router.

Router# show diag 0 Slot 0: VSA IPsec Card Port adapter Port adapter is analyzed Port adapter insertion time 00:23:25 ago EEPROM contents at hardware discovery: PCB Serial Number : PRTA4404055 Product (FRU) Number : C7200-VSA EEPROM format version 4 EEPROM contents (hex): 0x00: 04 FF C1 8B 50 52 54 41 34 34 30 34 30 35 35 40 0x10: 05 0D CB 94 43 37 32 30 30 2D 56 53 41 20 20 20 0x20: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 D9 03 C1 40 CB FF FF FF 0x30: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x40: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x50: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x60: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0x70: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF

To see if the VSA is currently processing crypto packets, enter the show crypto engine accelerator statistic 0 command. The following is sample output:

Router# show crypto engine accelerator statistic 0

Device: VSA Location: Service Adapter: 0 VSA Traffic Statistics

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Inbound rate: 0pps 0kb/s Outbound rate: 0pps 0kb/s TXR0 PKT: 0x00000000000028B2 Byte: 0x000000000006ACF6 Full: 0x0000000000000000 RXR0 PKT: 0x00000000000028B2 Byte: 0x0000000000A86398 TXR1 PKT: 0x0000000000000000 Byte: 0x0000000000000000 Full: 0x0000000000000000 RXR1 PKT: 0x0000000000000000 Byte: 0x0000000000000000 TXR2 PKT: 0x0000000000000000 Byte: 0x0000000000000000 Full: 0x0000000000000000 RXR2 PKT: 0x0000000000000000 Byte: 0x0000000000000000 Inbound Traffic:

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Troubleshooting Tips

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

Decrypted PHY I/F:0x0000000000000000 TUNNEL I/F: 0x0000000000000000 SPI Error PHY I/F:0x0000000000000000 TUNNEL I/F: 0x0000000000000000 Pass clear PHY I/F:0x0000000000000000 TUNNEL I/F: 0x0000000000000000 SPD Drop: 0x0000000000000000 IKE Bypass: 0x0000000000000000 Outbound Traffic: Encry CEF: 0x0000000000000000 FS: 0x0000000000000000 PROC: 0x0000000000000000 Pass CEF: 0x0000000000000000 FS: 0x0000000000000000 PROC: 0x0000000000000000 ICMP Unreachable: 0x0000000000000000 ICMP Unreach Fail: 0x0000000000000000 SPD Drop: 0x0000000000000000 Special Traffic: VAM mode PKT: 0x0000000000000000 Exception: 0x0000000000000000 N2 Message: : 0x00000000000028B2 Exception: 0x0000000000000000 IP PKT Exception: 0x0000000000000000 DJ Overflow: 0x0000000000000000 RAE Report PKT:: 0x0000000000000000 PKT Consumed: 0x0000000000000000 TCAM WR: 0x0000000000000001 TCAM RD: 0x0000000000000000 SARAM WR: 0x0000000000008422 SARAM RD: 0x0000000000000000 RAE WR: 0x0000000000080000 RAE RD: 0x0000000000000000 Warnings: N2 interrupt: 0x0000000000000000 Invalid Op: 0x0000000000000000 RX CTX error: 0x0000000000000000 TX CTX low: 0x0000000000000000 PKT CTX Low: 0x0000000000000000 PKT Info Low: 0x0000000000000000 PKT Header Low: 0x0000000000000000 Particle Low: 0x0000000000000000 Missing SOP: 0x0000000000000000 Missing EOP: 0x0000000000000000 TX Drop IB: 0x0000000000000000 TX Drop OB: 0x0000000000000000 MSG Unknown: 0x0000000000000000 MSG too Big: 0x0000000000000000 MSG Empty: 0x0000000000000000 MSG No Buffer: 0x0000000000000000 PKT Info Missing: 0x0000000000000000 IB SB Error: 0x0000000000000000 TX Drop Fastsend: 0x0000000000000000 IDMA Full: 0x0000000000000000 Particle Fallback: 0x0000000000000000 STATISTIC: 0x0000000000000000

Elrond statistic: TXDMA PKT Count: 0x00000000000028B2 Byte Count: 0x000000000006ACF6 RXDMA PKT Count: 0x00000000000028B2 Byte Count: 0x0000000000A86398 IPPE PKT Count: 0x00000000000028B2 EPPE PKT Count:0x00000000000028B2 PL3TX PKT Count: 0x00000000000028B2 Byte Count: 0x000000000009DADE PL3RX PKT Count: 0x00000000000028B2 Byte Count: 0x0000000000A86398 CAM search IPPE: 0x0000000000000000 EPPE: 0x0000000000000000 SARAM Req IPPE: 0x0000000000000000 EPPE: 0x0000000000000000 RAE Frag Req IPPE: 0x0000000000000000 EPPE: 0x0000000000000000 RAE ReAssembly: 0x0000000000000000 Re-Ordering: 0x0000000000000000 REA Frag Finished: 0x0000000000000000 Frag Drop Count: IPPE: 0x0000000000000000 EPPE: 0x0000000000000000 FIFO: 0x0000000000000000 RAE: 0x0000000000000000

VSA RX Exception statistics: IRH Not valid : 0 Invalid SA : 0 SA configuration error : 0 Enc Dec mismatch : 0 Insufficient Push : 0 Next Header mismatch : 0 Pad mismatch : 0 MAC mismatch : 0 Atomic OP failed : 0 L2 UDD GE 256 : 0 Max BMI Read too small : 0 Max BMI Read No payload : 0 Anti replay failed : 0 Enc Seq num overflow : 0 Dec IPver mismatch : 0 Enc IPver mismatch : 0 TTL Decr : 0 Selector checks : 0 UDP mismatch : 0 Reserved : 0 Soft byte lifetime : 0 hardbyte lifetime : 0 IP Parse error : 0 Fragmentation Error : 0 Unknown Exception : 0

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When the VSA processes packets, the “packets in” and “packets out” counter changes. Counter “packets out” represents the number of packets directed to the VSA. Counter “packets in” represents the number of packets received from the VSA.

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Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

To see if the IKE/IPSec packets are being redirected to the VSA for IKE negotiation and IPSec encryption and decryption, enter the show crypto eli command. The following is sample output when Cisco IOS software redirects packets to the VSA:

Router# show crypto eli Hardware Encryption : ACTIVE Number of hardware crypto engines = 1

CryptoEngine VSA details: state = Active Capability : DES, 3DES, AES, RSA

IKE-Session : 0 active, 5120 max, 0 failed DH : 0 active, 5120 max, 0 failed IPSec-Session : 0 active, 10230 max, 0 failed

When the software crypto engine is active, the show crypto eli command yields no output.

When the Cisco IOS software agrees to redirect crypto traffic to the VSA, it prints a message similar to the following:

%ISA-6-INFO:Recognised crypto engine (0) at slot-0 ...switching to hardware crypto engine

To disable the VSA, use the configuration mode no crypto engine accelerator <slot> command, as follows:

Monitoring and Maintaining the VSA

Router(config)# no crypto engine accelerator 0 ...switching to SW crypto engine Router(config)# *Feb 6 11:57:26.763: %VPN_HW-6-INFO_LOC: Crypto engine: slot 0 State changed to: Disabled *Feb 6 11:57:26.779: %PA-3-DEACTIVATED: port adapter in bay [0] powered off. *Feb 6 11:57:26.779: %CRYPTO-6-ISAKMP_ON_OFF: ISAKMP is OFF Router(config)#end

Monitoring and Maintaining the VSA

This section includes the following topics:

• Using Deny Policies in Access Lists, page 4-23

• Monitor and Maintenance Commands, page 4-24

Using Deny Policies in Access Lists

Specifying a deny address range in an access list results in “jump” behavior. When a denied address range is hit, it forces the search to “jump” to the beginning of the access list associated with the next sequence on a crypto map and continue the search. If you want to pass clear traffic on these addresses, you must insert a deny address range for each sequence on a crypto map. In turn, each permit list of addresses inherits all the deny address ranges specified in the access list. A deny address range causes the software to do a subtraction of the deny address range from a permit list, and creates multiple permit address ranges that need to be programmed in hardware. This behavior can cause repeated address ranges to be programmed in the hardware for a single deny address range, resulting in multiple permit address ranges in a single access list.

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4-23

Monitoring and Maintaining the VSA

The crypto ipsec ipv4 deny-policy {jump | clear | drop} command helps you avoid this problem. The clear keyword allows a deny address range to be programmed in hardware, the deny addresses are then filtered out for encryption and decryption. When a deny address is hit, the search is stopped and traffic is allowed to pass in the clear (unencrypted) state. The drop keyword causes traffic to be dropped when a deny address is hit. These two new keywords are used to prevent repeated address ranges from being programmed in the hardware, resulting in more efficient space utilization.

Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions

• The crypto ipsec ipv4 deny-policy {jump | clear | drop} command is a global command that can be

applied to a VSA module. The specified keyword (jump, clear, or drop) is propagated to the ACE software of the VSA module. The default behavior is jump.

• If you apply the specified keyword (jump, clear, or drop) when crypto maps are already configured

on the VSA module, all existing IPSec sessions are temporarily removed and restarted which impacts traffic on your network.

• The number of deny entries that can be specified in an access list are dependent on the keyword

specified:

–

jump—Supports up to 8 deny entries in an access list

–

clear—Supports up to 1000 deny entries in an access list

Chapter 4 Configuring the VSA

–

drop—Supports up to 1000 deny entries in an access list

Monitor and Maintenance Commands

Use the commands that follow to monitor and maintain the VSA:

Command Purpose

Router# show crypto engine accelerator statistic 0

Router# Show version

Verifies the VSA is currently processing crypto packets.

Displays integrated service adapter as part of the interfaces.

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INDEX

acceleration module, VPN (see VAM) 1 - 1

access-list (encryption) command 4 - 10

basic IPSec configuration 4 - 19

illustration 4 - 19

cables, connectors, and pinouts 1 - 8

cautions, warnings and 3 - 2

clear crypto sa command 4 - 14, 4 - 16

command

clear crypto sa

command interpreter, EXEC 4 - 2

compliance

FCC Class A

U.S. export laws and regulations regarding

encryption

configuring

basic IPSec

examples 4 - 18

IKE 1 - 6, 4 - 2

IKE example 4 - 18

IPSec example 4 - 18

router A example 4 - 19

router B example 4 - 20

tasks 4 - 1

configuring IPSec

example

4 - 16

2 - 5

4 - 19

4 - 18

crypto dynamic-map command 4 - 12

crypto ipsec security-association lifetime command 4 - 9

crypto map command 4 - 10, 4 - 11

crypto sa command, clear 4 - 16

crypto transform configuration mode, enabling 4 - 7

Data 1 - 1

documentation

other related

electrical equipment guidelines 2 - 4

electrostatic discharge

preventing damage

electrostatic discharge damage

See ESD prevention

equipment

electrical guidelines

required tools and 2 - 1

ESD prevention 2 - 4

EXEC command interpreter 4 - 2

2 - 4

guidelines, electrical equipment 2 - 4

guidelines, safety 2 - 3

hardware requirements 2 - 2

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C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

IN-1

Index

IKE

configuring

configuring policies example 4 - 18

insertion and removal, online 3 - 2

interpreter, EXEC command 4 - 2

IPSec

access lists

monitoring 4 - 16

transform sets

defining

IPSec (IPSec network security protocol)

configuring

crypto access lists 4 - 10

creating 4 - 10

crypto maps

dynamic

1 - 6, 4 - 2

4 - 8

4 - 5

4 - 14

creating 4 - 12 definition 4 - 12

entries, creating ?? to 4 - 14

transforms

allowed combinations

changing 4 - 8

selecting 4 - 7

IPSec, configuring 4 - 19

4 - 6

LEDs

SM-VAM

1 - 3, 1 - 8

maintenance, parts required for VIP installation and 2 - 1

match address command 4 - 11, 4 - 13

MIBs 1 - 5

module, VPN acceleration (see VSA) 1 - 1

online insertion and removal 3 - 2

prevention, ESD 2 - 4

removal, online insertion and 3 - 2

Required 2 - 1

required tools and equipment 2 - 1

requirements

hardware

RFCs 1 - 5

2 - 2

sa command, clear crypto 4 - 16

safety guidelines 2 - 3

safety warnings 2 - 3

SAs (security associations)

clearing

lifetimes

global values, configuring

set peer command 4 - 10, 4 - 11, 4 - 13

set pfs command 4 - 12, 4 - 13

set security-association level per-host command 4 - 12

set security-association lifetime command 4 - 12, 4 - 13

set session-key command 4 - 11

set transform-set command 4 - 11, 4 - 12

show crypto dynamic-map command 4 - 15

show crypto ipsec sa command 4 - 15

show crypto ipsec security-association lifetime

show crypto ipsec transform-set command 4 - 15

show crypto map command 4 - 15

software

4 - 9, 4 - 14

command

4 - 8

4 - 15

IN-2

C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

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requirements 2 - 2

software and hardware compatability ix, 2 - 2

standards

supported

1 - 5

This 2 - 1

tools and equipment, required 2 - 1

VAM

handling

VPN Acceleration Module (see VAM) 1 - 1

VSA

features

handling 3 - 1

monitoring and maintaining 4 - 23

overview viii, 4 - 1

3 - 1

1 - 4

Index

warnings, safety 2 - 3

warnings and cautions 3 - 2

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C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

IN-3

Index

IN-4

C7200 VSA (VPN Services Adapter) Installation and Configuration Guide

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Cisco Systems C7200 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

CONTENTS

Preface

Audience

Warnings

Objectives

Organization

Related Documentation

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco.com

Documentation Feedback

Product Documentation DVD

Ordering Documentation

Product Alerts and Field Notices

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Submitting a Service Request

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

Definitions of Service Request Severity

Overview

Data Encryption Overview

VSA Overview

Hardware Required

Features

Performance

Supported Standards, MIBs, and RFCs

Standards

MIBs

RFCs

Enabling/Disabling the VSA

Disabling the VSA during Operation

Enabling/Disabling Scheme

LEDs

Connectors

Slot Locations

Cisco 7204VXR Router

Cisco 7206VXR Router

Preparing for Installation

Required Tools and Equipment

Hardware and Software Requirements

Software Requirements

Hardware Requirements

Restrictions

Online Insertion and Removal (OIR)

Safety Guidelines

Safety Warnings

Electrical Equipment Guidelines

Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Damage

Compliance with U.S. Export Laws and Regulations Regarding Encryption

Removing and Installing the VSA

Handling the VSA

Online Insertion and Removal (OIR)

Warnings and Cautions

VSA Removal and Installation

Overview

Configuring the VSA

Configuration Tasks

Using the EXEC Command Interpreter

Configuring an IKE Policy

Disabling VSA (Optional)

Configuring a Transform Set

Defining a Transform Set

IPSec Protocols: AH and ESP

Selecting Appropriate Transforms

The Crypto Transform Configuration Mode

Changing Existing Transforms

Transform Example

Configuring IPSec

Ensuring That Access Lists Are Compatible with IPSec

Setting Global Lifetimes for IPSec Security Associations

Creating Crypto Access Lists

Creating Crypto Map Entries

Creating Dynamic Crypto Maps

Applying Crypto Map Sets to Interfaces

Monitoring and Maintaining IPSec

Verifying IKE and IPSec Configurations

Verifying the Configuration

Configuration Examples