This chapter describes basic interface configurations for your Layer 3 switch router. Also included are
sections about configuring virtual LANs (VLANs), packet-over-SONET interfaces, ATM uplink
interfaces, and port snooping.
Unless otherwise noted, the information in this chapter applies to the Catalyst 8540 CSR,
Catalyst 8510 CSR, and Catalyst 8540 MSR with Layer 3 functionality. For further information about
the commands used in this chapter, refer to the command reference publications in the Cisco IOS
documentation set and to Appendix A, “Command Reference.”
This chapter includes the following sections:
• Overview of Interface Configuration
• General Instructions for Configuring Interfaces
• About Layer 3 Switching Interfaces
• About Virtual LANs
• Configuring ISL VLAN Encapsulation
• Configuring 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation
• About Packet over SONET (Catalyst 8540)
• Configuring the POS OC-12c Uplink Interface (Catalyst 8540)
• About ATM Uplinks (Catalyst 8540)
• Configuring the ATM Uplink Interface (Catalyst 8540)
• About Port Snooping
• Configuring Snooping
NoteYou are at Step 3 in the suggested process for configuring your switch router (see the
“Suggested Procedure for Configuring Your Switch Router” section on page 2-1). You
should have already configured the processor module (and LAN emulation on the
Catalyst 8540 MSR) and now be ready to proceed with configuring interfaces.
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Overview of Interface Configuration
Overview of Interface Configuration
A router’s main function is to relay packets from one data link to another. Todo that, the characteristics
of the interfaces through which the packets are received and sent must be defined. Interface
characteristics include, but are not limited to, IP address, address of the port, data encapsulation
method, and media type.
Many features are enabled on a per-interface basis. Interface configuration mode contains commands
that modify the interface operation, for example, of an Ethernet port. When you issue the interface
command, you must define the interface type and number.
The following general guidelines apply to all physical and virtual interface configuration processes.
• Each interface must be configured with an IP address and an IP subnet mask.
• The virtual interfaces supported by Cisco switch routers include subinterfaces and IP tunnels.
A subinterface is a mechanism that allows a single physical interface to support multiple logical
interfaces or networks—that is, several logical interfaces or networks can be associated with a
single hardware interface. Configuring multiple virtual interfaces, or subinterfaces, on a single
physical interface allows greater flexibility and connectivity on the network.
Layer 3 interfaces have both a Media Access Control (MAC) address and an interface port ID. The
router keeps track of these designators and uses them to route traffic.
Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
Media Access Control Address
The MAC address, also referred to as the hardware address, is required for every port or device that
connects to a network. Other devices in the network use MAC addresses to locate specific ports in the
network and to create and update routing tables and data structures.
TipsTo find the MAC address for a device, use the show interfaces command.
Interface Port Identifier
The interface port identifier designates the physical location of the Layer 3 interface within the chassis.
This is the name that you use to identify the interface when configuring it. The system software uses
interface port identifiers to control activity within the switch router and to display status information.
Interface port identifiers are not used by other devices in the network; they are specific to the individual
switch router and its internal components and software.
You can find the interface port identifier on the rear of the switch router. It is composed of three parts,
formatted as slot/subslot/interface as depicted in Figure 4-1.
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Figure 4-1Interface Port Identifier Format
General Instructions for Configuring Interfaces
slot number / subslot number / interface number
The slot in which the
interface module or port
adapter is installed.
Slots are numbered
starting at 0.
The subslot in which the
interface module or port
adapter is installed. For a
full-width interface
module, this number is
always 0.
The port or interface
number on the interface
module or port adapter.
Numbering always starts
at 0 and goes from left to
right.
The interface port identifiers on the Ethernet modules remain the same regardless of whether other
modules are installed or removed. However, when you move an interface module to a different slot, the
first number in the address changes to reflect the new slot number.
You can identify module ports by physically checking the slot/subslot/interface location on the back of
the switch router. You can also use Cisco IOS show commands to display information about a specific
interface, or all the interfaces, in the switch router.
General Instructions for Configuring Interfaces
The following general configuration instructions apply to all interfaces. Begin in global configuration
mode. To configure an interface, follow these steps:
Step 1Use the configure EXEC command at the privileged EXEC prompt to enter the global configuration
Step 2Enter the interface command, followed by the interface type (for example, Fast Ethernet or Gigabit
Ethernet) and its interface port identifier (see the “Interface Port Identifier” section on page 4-2).
For example, to configure the Gigabit Ethernet port on slot 1, port 1, use this command:
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
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About Layer 3 Switching Interfaces
Step 3Follow each interface command with the interface configuration commands required for your
particular interface.
The commands you enter define the protocols and applications that will run on the interface. The
commands are collected and applied to the interface command until you enter another interface
command, a command that is not an interface configuration command, or you enter end to return to
privileged EXEC mode.
Step 4Check the status of the configured interface by using the EXEC show commands.
Router# show interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is K1 Gigabit Port, address is 00d0.ba1d.3207 (bia 00d0.ba1d.3207)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex mode, 1000Mb/s, Auto-negotiation, 1000BaseSX
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
About Layer 3 Switching Interfaces
Layer 3 switching supports two different Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, an eight-port module and a
two-port module. This section describes the initial configurations for both interface types.
TipsBefore you configure interfaces, be sure to have the interface network (IP or IPX)
addresses and the corresponding subnet mask information. If you do not have this
information, consult your network administrator.
The Gigabit Ethernet interface modules can be configured as trunk ports, non-trunking ports, routed
ports, or bridged ports. The trunk ports employ 802.1Q encapsulation; Inter-Switch Link (ISL) is not
supported. You can use the Gigabit Ethernet ports as routed interfaces, or you can configure the ports
into a bridge group, which is the recommended configuration.
By configuring as many ports as possible in a bridge group, you can optimize the throughput of your
switch router. You can also ensure that your networks are routed by using integrated routing and
bridging features from Cisco IOS software. For configuration instructions, see the “About Integrated
Routing and Bridging” section on page 6-4.
Between ports on the eight-port Gigabit Ethernet interface module itself, local switching at Layer 2
providesnonblocking performance at wire speed. For ports on this module configuredasabridge group,
Layer 2 traffic is processed at full Gigabit Ethernet rates. For Layer 3 traffic, however, this interface
module provides 2-Gbps routing bandwidth from the switch fabric.
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Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
Initially Configuring Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces
To configure an IP address and autonegotiation on a Gigabit Ethernet interface, perform the following
steps, beginning in global configuration mode:
CommandPurpose
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet
slot/subslot/interface
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# [no] negotiation autoSpecifies the negotiation mode.
Router(config-if)# ip address ip-address
subnet-mask
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)# endReturns to privileged EXEC mode.
Router# copy system:running-config
nvram:startup-config
About Layer 3 Switching Interfaces
Enters Ethernet interface configuration mode to
configure the Gigabit Ethernet interface.
When you set negotiation mode to auto, the
Gigabit Ethernet port attempts to negotiate the
link (that is, both port speed and duplex setting)
with the partner port.
When you set the Gigabit Ethernet interface to nonegotiation auto, the port forces the link up no
matterwhatthepartnerportsettingis.Thisbrings
up the link with 1000 Mbps and full duplex only.
Specifiesthe IP address and IP subnet mask to be
assigned to the Gigabit Ethernet interface.
Returns to global configuration mode. Repeat
Steps 1 to 3 to configureanother Gigabit Ethernet
interface on this interface module.
Saves your configuration changes to NVRAM.
Example
The following example demonstrates initially configuring a Gigabit Ethernet interface with
autonegotiation and an IP address:
Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
Router(config-if)# negotiation auto
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.3 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# ^Z
C8540-CSR# copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config
About the Enhanced Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces (Catalyst 8540)
The enhanced Gigabit Ethernet interface module provides two Gigabit Ethernet interfaces with built-in
ACL support; no daughter card is required. The POS OC-12c uplink interface module and the ATM
uplink interface module also include a single enhanced Gigabit Ethernet interface. See “Configuringthe
POS OC-12c Uplink Interface (Catalyst 8540)” section on page 4-14” and “Configuring the ATM
Uplink Interface (Catalyst 8540)” section on page 4-28.
There is no special configuration required for the enhanced Gigabit Ethernet interfaces other than that
used for other Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
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About Layer 3 Switching Interfaces
Initially Configuring Fast Ethernet Interfaces
Use the following procedure to assign an IP address to the Fast Ethernet 10BaseT or 100BaseT interface
of your switch router so that it can be recognized as a device on the Ethernet LAN. The Fast Ethernet
interface supports 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps speeds with Cisco 10BaseT and 100BaseT routers, hubs,
switches, and switch routers.
CommandDescription
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Router(config)# interface fastethernet
slot/subslot/interface
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)# ip address ip-address
subnet-mask
Router(config-if)# [no] speed [10 | 100 | auto]Configures the transmission speed for 10 or
Router(config-if)# [no] duplex [full | half | auto] Configures for full or half duplex. If you set
Router(config-if)# end
Router#
Router# copy system:running-config
nvram:startup-config
Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
Enters Ethernet interface configuration mode to
configure the Fast Ethernet interfaces.
Specifiesthe IP address and IP subnet mask to be
assigned to the FastEthernet interface.
100 Mbps, or for autonegotiation (the default). If
you set the speed to auto, you enable
autonegotiation, and the switch router matches
the speed of the partner node.
duplex for auto, the switch router matches the
duplex setting of the partner node.
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Saves your configuration changes to NVRAM.
Example
The following example demonstrates initially configuring a Fast Ethernet interface with an IP address
and autonegotiated speed and duplex:
Router(config)# interface fastethernet 1/0/0
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.4 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)# speed auto
Router(config-if)# duplex auto
Router(config-if)# ^Z
Router# copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config
Verifying the Ethernet Interface Configuration
To verify the settings after you have configured Gigabit Ethernet or Ethernet 10/100 BaseT operation,
use the following commands:
CommandPurpose
show interface gigabitethernet
slot/subslot/interface
show interface fastethernet
slot/subslot/interface
Displays the status and global parameters of the
Gigabit Ethernet interface.
Displays the status and global parameters of the
Fast Ethernet interface.
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Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
Examples
The following example shows sample output from the show interface gigabitethernet command:
Router# show interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is K1 Gigabit Port, address is 00d0.ba1d.3207 (bia 00d0.ba1d.3207)
Internet address is 10.1.2.3/8
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit, DLY 10 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Full-duplex mode, 1000Mb/s, Auto-negotiation, 1000BaseSX
output flow-control is unsupported, input flow-control is unsupported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 watchdog, 0 multicast
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns(0/0/0)
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
About Layer 3 Switching Interfaces
The following example shows sample output from the show interface fastethernet command:
Router# show interface fastethernet 1/0/0
FastEthernet1/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is epif_port, address is 0010.073c.050f (bia 0010.073c.050f)
Internet address is 10.1.2.4/8
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Auto-duplex, Auto Speed, 100BaseTX
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input never, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 watchdog, 0 multicast
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
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About Virtual LANs
About Virtual LANs
Virtual LANs enable network managers to group users logically rather than by physical location. A
virtual LAN (VLAN) is an emulation of a standard LAN that allows data transfer and communication
to occur without the traditional restraints placed on the network. It can also be considered a broadcast
domain set up within a switch. With VLANs, switches can support more than one subnet (or VLAN) on
each switch, and give routers and switches the opportunity to support multiple subnets on a single
physical link. A group of devices on a LAN are configured so that they communicate as if they were
attached to the same LAN segment, when they are actually located on different segments. Layer 3
switching supports up to 255 VLANs per system.
VLANs enable efficient traffic separation and provide excellent bandwidth utilization. VLANs also
alleviate scaling issues by logically segmenting the physical LAN structure into different subnetworks
so that packets are switched only between ports within the same VLAN. This can be very useful for
security, broadcast containment, and accounting.
Layer 3 switching software supports a port-based VLAN on a trunk port, which is a port that carries the
traffic of multiple VLANs. Each frame transmitted on a trunk link is tagged as belonging to only one
VLAN.
Layer 3 switching software supports VLAN frame encapsulation through the Inter-Switch Link (ISL)
protocol and the 802.1Q standard.
Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
NoteThe four adjacent ports (such as 0 through 3, or 4 through 7) on a 10/100 interface must
all use the same VLAN encapsulation; that is, either 802.1Q and native, or ISL and native.
Configuring ISL VLAN Encapsulation
ISL is a Cisco protocol for interconnecting multiple switches and maintaining VLAN information as
traffic travels between switches.
The VLAN configuration example shown in Figure 4-2 depicts the following:
• Fast Ethernet port 1/0/0 and subinterface 1/0/1.1 on the switch router are in bridge group 1. They
are part of VLAN 50, which uses ISL encapsulation.
• Fast Ethernet port 3/0/1 and subinterface 1/0/1.2 are in bridge group 2. They are part of VLAN 100,
which uses ISL encapsulation.
• Fast Ethernet port 1/0/1 is configured as an ISL trunk.
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Figure 4-2Example of an ISL VLAN Bridging Configuration
Campus
switch
router
Bridge-group 1
1/0/0
1/0/1.1
VLAN 50
encap isl 50
encap isl 100
VLAN 100
Configuring ISL VLAN Encapsulation
Campus
switch
router
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
3/0/1
Bridge-group 2
1/0/1.2
17489
To configure the Layer 3 VLANs shown in Figure 4-2, perform the following steps, beginning in global
configuration mode:
CommandPurpose
Router(config)# interface fastethernet
Enters subinterface configuration mode.
slot/subslot/interface.subinterface
Router(config-subif)#
Router(config-subif)# encapsulation isl vlan-idSpecifies ISL encapsulation for the Ethernet
frames sent from this subinterface with a
header that maintains the specified VLAN ID
between network nodes.
Router(config-subif)# bridge-group bridge-groupAssigns the subinterface a bridge group
number.
NoteWhen you are configuring VLAN
routing, skip this step.
Step 4
Router(config-subif)# interface fastethernet
slot/subslot/interface
Router(config-if)#
Step 5
Step 6
Router(config-if)# bridge-group bridge-groupAssigns the main interface to the bridge
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)#
Step 7
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Router(config)# bridge bridge-group protocol ieeeSpecifies that the bridge group will use the
Enters interface configuration mode to
configure the Fast Ethernet main interface.
group.
Returns to global configuration mode.
IEEE Ethernet Spanning Tree Protocol.
Layer 3 Switching Software Feature and Configuration Guide
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Configuring 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation
Example
The following example shows how to configure the interfaces for VLAN bridging with ISL
encapsulation shown in Figure 4-2:
When configuring ISL with IP, you cannot configure IP addresses on a subinterface unless the VLANs
are already configured (that is, you must have already entered the encapsulation isl or encapsulationdot1q command). That is not the case with IPX, however—you can configure IPX networks on a
subinterface even when the VLANs have not been configured.
The maximum VLAN bridge group values are as follows:
• Maximum number of bridge groups: 64
• Maximum number of interfaces per bridge group: 128
• Maximum number of subinterfaces per system: 255
For a complete configuration example for VLANs with ISL encapsulation, see the “Catalyst 8540 CSR
with ISL, VLAN, and BVI with GEC” section on page C-1.
To monitor the VLANs once they are configured, use the commands described in the “Monitoring
VLAN Operation” section on page 4-12.
Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces
Configuring 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation
The IEEE 802.1Q standard provides a method for secure bridging of data across a shared backbone.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation uses an internal, or one level, packet tagging scheme to multiplex
VLANs across a single physical link, while maintaining strict adherence to the individual VLAN
domains.
On an IEEE 802.1Q trunk port, all transmitted and received frames are tagged except for those on the
one VLAN configured as the PVID (port VLAN identifier) or native VLAN for the port. Frames on the
native VLAN are always transmitted untagged and are normally received untagged.
The VLAN configuration example shown in Figure 4-3 depicts the following:
• Fast Ethernet ports 1/0/0 and subinterface 1/0/1.1 on the switch router are in bridge group 1. They
are part of native VLAN 1, which uses 802.1Q encapsulation.
• Fast Ethernet port 3/0/1 and subinterface 1/0/1.2 are in bridge group 2. They are part of VLAN 100,
which uses 802.1Q encapsulation.
• Fast Ethernet port 1/0/1 is configured as an 802.1Q trunk.
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Figure 4-3Example of Bridging Between Native and Non-Native 802.1Q VLANs
Campus
switch
router
Bridge-group 1
1/0/0
1/0/1.1
Native VLAN 1
encap dot1q 1 native
encap dot1q 100
Non-native VLAN 100
Configuring 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation
Campus
switch
router
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
3/0/1
Bridge-group 2
1/0/1.2
28089
To configure the bridging between native VLAN 1 and non-native VLAN 100 depicted in Figure 4-3,
perform the following steps:
CommandPurpose
Router(config)# interface fastethernet
Enters subinterface configuration mode.
slot/subslot/interface.subinterface
Router(config-subif)#encap dot1q vlan-id native Specifies 802.1Q encapsulation for Ethernet
frames sent from the subinterface with a header
that maintains the specified native VLAN ID
between network nodes.
Router(config-subif)# bridge-group
Assigns the subinterface a bridge group number.
bridge-group
NoteWhen you are configuring VLAN
routing, skip this step.
Router(config-subif)# interface fastethernet
slot/subslot/interface
Enters interface configuration mode to configure
the Fast Ethernet main interface.
Router(config-if)# bridge-group bridge-groupAssigns the main interface to the bridge group.
Router(config-if)# exitReturns to global configuration mode.
Router(config)# bridge bridge-group protocol
ieee
Specifies that the bridge group will use the IEEE
Ethernet Spanning Tree Protocol.
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Monitoring VLAN Operation
Example
The following example shows how to configure the bridging between native and non-native 802.1Q
VLANs shown in Figure 4-3:
Once the VLANs are configured on the switch router, you can monitor their operation using the
following commands:
CommandPurpose
show vlan vlan-idDisplays information on all configured VLANs or on a specific
VLAN (by VLAN ID number).
clear vlan vlan-idClears the counters for all VLANs, when the VLAN ID is not
specified.
debug vlan packetDisplays contents of the packets sent to and exiting from the route
processor.
To configure encapsulation over the EtherChannel, see the “About Encapsulation over EtherChannel”
section on page 7-6.
About Packet over SONET (Catalyst 8540)
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is an octet-synchronous multiplex scheme that definesafamily
of standard rates and formats. Optical specifications are defined for single-mode fiber and multimode
fiber. The transmission rates are integral multiples of 51.840 Mbps. For example, the POS OC-12c
uplink interface provides 622.080 Mbps over single-mode optical fiber.
POS provides for the serial transmission of data over SONET frames using either High-Level Data Link
Control (HDLC) protocol (the default) or Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) encapsulation. On serial
interfaces, Cisco’s implementation provides error detection and synchronous framing functions of
traditional HDLC without the windowing or retransmission that are found in traditional HDLC.
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Because SONET/SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is by definition a point-to-point circuit, PPP is
well suited for use over SONET links. The octet stream is mapped into the SONET/SDH synchronous
payload envelope (SPE) in accordance with RFC 2615, “PPP over SONET/SDH,”and RFC 2615, “PPP
in HDLC-like Framing.” Octet boundaries are aligned with the SPE octet boundaries, and the PPP
frames are located by row within the SPE payload. Because frames are variable in length, the frames
can cross SPE boundaries. Using this scheme, multiprotocol data can be encapsulated and transported
directly into SONET frames without relying on ATM to provide Layer 2 capability (for example, in IP
over ATM over SONET).
About the POS OC-12c Uplink Interface
POS technology is ideally suited for networks that are built for providing Internet or IP data. It provides
superior bandwidth utilization and efficiency over other transport methods. For expensive WAN links,
POS can provide as much as 25 to 30 percent higher throughput than ATM-based networks.
Transporting frames directly into the SONET/SDH payload eliminates the overhead required in ATM
cell header, IP over ATM encapsulation, and segmentation and reassembly (SAR) functionality.
Figure 4-4 shows a typical application of the POS OC-12c uplink interface module in an enterprise
setting. Here the enterprise backbone is comprised of POS links among Catalyst 8540 campus switch
routers in each building.
About the POS OC-12c Uplink Interface
Figure 4-4POS for Enterprise Backbone Connectivity
OC-12c POS
POS
OC-12c POS
OC-12c POS
OC-12c POS
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