Cashco SA4 User Manual

Page 1
INSTALLATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL (IOM)
IOM-CA4/SA4
CA4 and SA4 - ULTRA HIGH PURITY, PRESSURE LOADED
PRESSURE REDUCING REGULATORS
SECTION I
I. DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE
Models CA4/SA4 are pressure reducing regulators used to control downstream (outlet or P2) pressure. Sizes are 3/4" (DN20), 1" (DN25), 1-1/2" (DN40), and 2" (DN50). With proper trim uti li za tion, the unit is suitable for liquid or gaseous service. (NOTE: This product was formerly identi ed as a Model C4 or S4; a Model CA4/SA4 and C4/S4
are one and the same product.)
SECTION II
11-13
II. REFERENCES
Refer to Technical Bulletin CA4/SA4-TB for tech ni-
cal specifi cations of a Model CA4/SA4 reg u la tor.
SECTION III
CAUTION
Installation of adequate overpressure pro tec tion is recommended to pro tect the reg u la tor and all downstream equip ment from dam age in the event of reg u la tor failure.
III. INSTALLATION
1. Install per direction of fl ow arrow indicated on body, or "IN" and "OUT" markings.
2. Regulator may be rotated around pipe axis 360 degrees. For ease of maintenance, the rec om­ mend ed orientation is with the loading chamber (4) upwards.
ABBREVIATIONS CCW – Counter Clockwise CW – Clockwise ITA – Inner Trim Assembly
CAUTION
DO NOT HYDROSTATIC TEST THROUGH AN IN STALLED UNIT; ISOLATE REGULATOR FROM TEST. The "Outlet" rating as printed on the nameplate is the rec om mend ed “upper op er at­ ing limit” for the sens ing di a phragm. Higher pres sures could cause internal dam age. In ad­ di tion, note on the nameplate that the Inlet and Outlet pres sure and temperature ratings are at different levels.
3. Provide space below, above, and around reg u la tor for removal of parts during maintenance.
4. Install block valves and pressure gauges to pro­ vide means for adjustment, operation, bypass, or removal of the regulator. A UHP fi lter is rec om- mend ed before inlet to remove typical pipe line debris from entering valve and damaging internal “soft goods”, primarily the dynamic seal and valve seat.
Recommended Piping Schematic
for Pressure Reducing Station
Page 2
SECTION IV
IV. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1. When a loading pressure – P the top side of a diaphragm, the outlet controlled pressure – P2 – will balance at approximately .90 – .98 of the loading pressure - PL. (NOTE:
Fluc tu a tions in P1 – Inlet Pressure will cause a deviation in P2 – Outlet Pressure due to inverse sym pa thet ic ratio effect.) See Section VIII.
2. Movement occurs as pressure variations register on the diaphragm. The registering pressure is the outlet, P2, or downstream pressure. The loading
– is applied to
Load
V. STARTUP
1 Start with the block valves closed.
2. Adjust the loading system pressure control de vice so that main regulator is trying to be con trolled at 0 psig pressure.
3. If it is a “hot” piping system, and equipped with a bypass valve, slowly open the bypass valve to preheat the system piping and to allow slow ex pan sion of the piping. Closely monitor outlet (down stream) pressure via gauge to ensure not over-pressurizing. NOTE: If no bypass valve is
in stalled, extra caution should be used in start ing up a cold system; i.e. do everything slowly.
CAUTION
Do not walk away and leave a bypassed reg u ­la tor unattended!
pressure fl uid op pos es di a phragm move ment. As outlet pres sure drops, the loading pressure push es the di a phragm down, opening the port; as outlet pres sure increases, the diaphragm pushes up and the port opening closes.
3. A diaphragm failure will tend to cause the reg u la tor to fall below setpoint. A loss of loading pres sure while inlet pressure is imposed will cause the regulator to fail close. A com plete diaphragm failure will cause the inlet process fl uid to mix with the loading fl uid.
SECTION V
tor is fl owing. If not, slowly increase the loading pressure into the cover dome until fl ow be gins.
6. Continue to slowly open the inlet (upstream) block valve until fully open.
7. Continue to slowly open the outlet (downstream) block valve, especially when the downstream pip­ing system isn’t pressurized. If the outlet (down­ stream) pressure exceeds the desired pres sure, close the inlet block valve and go to Step 2. Close bypass valve approximately 25%, and re peat pro ce dure.
8. When fl ow is established steady enough that the outlet (downstream) block valve is fully open, begin to slowly close the bypass valve if installed.
9. Develop system fl ow to a level near its expected normal rate, and reset the regulator set point by increasing the loading pressure to increase outlet pressure, or decreasing the loading pressure to reduce outlet pres sure.
4. Crack open the outlet (downstream) block valve to approximately 10% full open.
5. Slowly open the inlet (upstream) block valve to about 25% open, observing the outlet (down­ stream) pres sure gauge. Determine if the reg u la-
VI. SHUTDOWN
1. Shutoff auxiliary loading pressure source. Close inlet block valve.
2
10. Reduce system fl ow to a minimum level and ob- serve pressure set point. Outlet pressure will rise from the set point of Step 9. The maximum rise in outlet pressure on decreasing fl ow should not exceed the stated upper limit of the range spring by greater than 10%. If it does, consult factory.
SECTION VI
2. Allow suffi cient time for the line pressure down- stream of the inlet block valve to bleed down.
IOM-CA4/SA4
Page 3
3. Shutoff the outlet block valve.
4. Relieve the trapped upstream and down stream pres sure and loading pres sure.
VII. MAINTENANCE
5. The regulator may now be disassembled for inspection and pre ven ta tive main te nance while in-line.
SECTION VII
A. General:
WARNING
SYSTEM UNDER PRESSURE. Prior to per form ing any maintenance, isolate the reg u la tor from the sys tem and relieve all pressure. Failure to do so could result in personal injury.
1. The regulator may be serviced without re mov­ ing the regulator from pipeline. The reg u la tor is designed with quick-change trim to simplify maintenance.
2. Record the nameplate information to req ui si­ tion spare parts for the regulator. The in for­ ma tion should include: Size, Product Code, and Serial Number.
3. Refer to Section IX for recommended spare parts. Only use original equipment parts sup­ plied by Cashco/KM for re build ing or re pair ing regulators.
4. Owner should refer to owner's procedures for removal, handling, cleaning and disposal of nonreuseable parts, i.e. seals, etc.
27
13
19
15
*
27.3
*
16
20
Type UC - U-Cup
Dynamic Seal
*
13
19
15
*
27.1
*
27.2
*
16
20
Type CP - Cap
Dynamic Seal
5. The Inner Trim is re moved and replaced in the body (23) as an assemblage of parts. The Inner Trim Assembly, here in af ter called ITA, consists of the fol low ing parts:
Item Dynamic No. Seal Type Part Description
13 ..................... All ..........................Piston-Guide Bearing
15 .....................All ................................ Cage O-ring Seal
16..................... UC.................................................Shim
19 ..................... All ................................................... Cage
20 ..................... All ...........................................Valve Plug
21 ..................... All ............................................ Seat Ring
27 .....................All ............................. Dynamic Side Seal
27.1 .............. CP............................................. Cap Seal
27.2 .............. CP..........................O-ring Energizer/Seal
27.3 .............. UC .......... U-Cup Seal w/Metal Energizer
6. A detailed view of the dynamic side seal parts is shown in Figure 1; an assembled ITA in Figure 2; and a cross-sectional drawing of the entire regulator is shown in Figure 3.
IOM-CA4/SA4
Figure 1: Dynamic Side Seals
B. Main Regulator Disassembly:
1. Shut down system in accordance Section VI.
2. Disconnect loading pressure supply line from loading chamber. Loosen the diaphragm ange bolts (12) and nuts (11) uniformly. Remove all bolting and nuts.
3. Place matchmarks on body (23) and loading chamber (4) fl anges. Remove the loading cham ber by lifting vertically. NOTE: Seal (28)
may fall out of loading chamber recess.
4. Remove diaphragm(s) (9) and examine to de ter mine if failed. If diaphragms failed, de­ ter mine if op er at ing con di tions are ex ceed ing designed pressure or tem per a ture limits.
5. Evenly loosen the three cage cap screws (18)
3
Page 4
in single revolution increments. The reg u la tor con tains a lower return spring (22); the ITA should rise as the cage cap screws (18) are backed out evenly. A downward holding force should be ap plied to the top of the piston-guide bearing (13) to pre vent the ITA from pop ping up as the last threads of the cage cap screws (18) are disengaged. Remove washers (17).
6. Remove the ITA by pull ing up on the piston­guide bearing (13). Set ITA aside.
7. Remove the lower return spring (22) from within the body (23).
8. Remove the cage o-ring seal (15).
9. Remove metal C-ring seal (28) from body (23) di a phragm fl ange groove.
10. Clean all metal parts to be reused according to owner's procedures. NOTE: Regulators are
originally supplied with a level of clean li ness equal to Cashco cleaning standard #S-1662. Contact factory for details.
d. Examine the com po nents (27.1, 27.2,
27.3) of the dy nam ic side seal (27) mech a­ nism to de ter mine if sig nifi cant leakage was oc cur ring. If the dy nam ic side seal shows signs of sig nifi cant leakage, de ter- mine if op er at ing con di tions are ex ceed ing pres sure, pres sure drop, or tem per a ture lim its.
e. Remove dynamic side seal (27) com po-
nents and discard. Special care should be taken when using “tools” to remove the components to ensure that no scratches are made to any portion of the piston- guide bearing (13) groove.
f. Remove the shim (16) from within the
cage (19).
g. Remove seat ring (21); examine for signs
of leakage. If seat ring shows signs of signifi cant leakage, determine if op er at ing con di tions - pres sure, pressure drop, or temperature ex ceed ddesign lim its.
2. Clean all metal parts to be reused according
to owner's procedures. NOTE: Regulators are
originally supplied with a level of clean li ness equal to Cashco cleaning standard #S-1662. Contact factory for details.
Figure 2: Assembled ITA, with
"UC" Dynamic Side Seal
C. Disassembly of the ITA:
1. To Disassemble the ITA (See Figure 2):
a. Hold the lower part of the valve plug
(20) in a bench vise; grasp in "smooth jaws" directly under plug's (20) seating disc portion on hub "fl ats" provided. Do not hold on the ma chined sur face in the plug's (20) spin dle area.
b. Using a special double-posted spanner
wrench fi tting, (to order see NOTE in Section IX Parts Ordering Information), turn the pis ton-guide bear ing (13) CCW to loosen. The piston-guide bear ing (13) may be re moved by hand after loos en ing.
c. Remove ITA from vise. Pull the valve plug
(20) down and out through the cage's (19) bottom opening.
16
1. Remove and dis card the fol low ing parts: o-ring (15), diaphragm(s) (9), seals (27, 28), and seat ring (21). These parts MUST be re placed with fac to ry supplied new parts.
2. Inspect the metal parts that will be reused. The parts should be free of surface con tam i nants, burrs, oxides, and scale. Rework and clean the parts as necessary. Surface con di tions that affect the regulator performance are stated below; re place parts that can not be re worked or cleaned.
3. QC Requirements: a. Valve plug (20);
D. Inspection of Parts:
1. 16 rms
nish on its seating surface
for tight shutoff.
2. No major defects on bottom guide spin dle.
b. Cage (19);
1. 16 rms fi nish on cylinder bore. No “ledg es” formed due to wear from moving dynamic side seal (27) or plug (20).
4
IOM-CA4/SA4
Page 5
E. Reassembly of the ITA:
1. Installation of dynamic side seal (27) (See Figure 1): a. Type CP:
1. Stretch o-ring energizer/seal (27.2) over low er cir cum fer ence of piston­guide bear ing (13), tak ing care not to “cut” o-ring energizer/seal (27.2). Us­ ing thumbs, work the o-ring en er giz er/ seal into the groove of the piston-guide bear ing.
NOTE: Use NO lubricants!
2. Position cap seal (27.1) ring with rect an gu lar cross-section at end of pis ton-guide bearing (13). Stretch cap seal (27.1) over lower end of piston-guide bear ing us ing thumbs to work the cap seal onto the piston­guide bearing. DO NOT USE A TOOL FOR THIS STEP. Con tin ue pressing cap seal (27.1) up wards towards the groove until the cap seal “snaps” into the groove of the piston-guide bear­ ing.
3. Insert shim (16) into cage (19) and al low to rest inside the cage (19).
4. Position piston-guide bearing (13) over and into upper end of cage (19) until the cap seal (27.1) edge touch es the upper lip of the cage. While gently applying force to press the piston­guide bearing (13) into the cage (19), simultaneously use fi n gers to lightly press the cap seal (27.1) in wards into the groove of the piston-guide bearing un til the cap seal (27.1) “slips into” the cage (19). DO NOT use tools or lu bri cant to en gage the cap seal (27.1) into the cage (19). DO NOT press down ward on pis ton-guide bearing (13) too hard or fast - the cap seal (27.1) may slide out of its groove and become dam aged.
b. Type UC:
1. Position u-cup seal (27.3) over low er circumference of piston-guide bear ing (13). Ensure the u-cup seal (27.3) is oriented with the center-open-down­ wards as shown in Fig ure 1, as the u-cup seal (27.3) de pends upon the P1-Inlet pressure to activate prop er seal ing ac tion.
2. Insert shim (16) into cage (19) and al low to rest inside the cage (19).
3. Position piston-guide bearing (13)
over and into upper end of cage (19) until the cap seal (27.1) edge touch es the upper lip of the cage. Gently apply downward force to press the pis ton­guide bearing (13) into the cage (19). DO NOT use tools, lu bri cant, or heavy force to en gage the u-cup seal (27.3) into the cage (19).
2. Place properly oriented seat ring (21) onto its shoul der at the lower end of cage (19).
3. Completion of ITA Reassembly. a. Insert valve plug (20) upwards through
lower end of cage (19) and through the center hole of shim (16).
b. Engage valve plug (20) with piston-guide
bearing (13) threads and fi nger tighten.
c. Place ITA into a vise with smooth jaws
and grasp at hub "fl ats" location on the valve plug (20) that is not in the “spindle” zone. (See Figure 2.)
d. Using a special double-posted spanner
wrench fi tting (to order see NOTE in Section IX, Parts Ordering In for ma tion), tighten the piston-guide bear ing (13) to the valve plug (20) with 30 - 50 ft-lbs (41-69 Nm). Do NOT allow valve plug (20) to rotate against seat ring (21) during tight en ing.
e. This completes ITA reassembly.
F. Main Regulator Reassembly:
1. Insert the return spring (22) into the body (23).
2. Fit cage O-ring seal (15) into the body (23) groove.
3. With the ITA held manually in the closed po si­ tion, insert ITA and cage (19) into body (23).
4. Properly align all three cage bolt (18) holes as there is only one proper alignment possible. Ap ply a down ward force to the top of the cage (19) until the ITA is lowered suf fi cient ly to engage the cage bolts (18) with washers (17) into the body (23). Engage all of the cage bolts (18), then tighten the cage bolts in al ter nat ing one-half rev o lu tion in cre ments to pull down the ITA evenly. ENSURE THE ITA DOES NOT BECOME WEDGED AS IT IS SLID INTO THE BODY. Tight en the cage bolts (18) to a torque value of 13-15 Ft-lbs (17.5-20.5 Nm).
IOM-CA4/SA4
5
Page 6
5. Units with CTFE or VTFE seat ring (21): Due to the relative "hardness" of the CTFE and VTFE material, to obtain the best possible shutoff it is nec es sary to generate a "coined" seating chamfer.
6. To coin the seat ring: a. Close-off the outlet connection. b. The level of seat leakage can be quan ti-
fi ed at the internal sensing passage.
c. Pressurize the regulator's inlet with
50–100 psig (3.5–6.9 Barg) of UHP grade GN2.
d. Place a thin, fl exible membrane that more
than covers the diaphragm fl ange cavity of the body (23).
e. Using a soft-headed mallet (rubber,
leath er), sharply rap the thin membrane over the top,center end of the piston-guide bear ing (13). (Note: Gas will escape as
the plug (20) is momentarily forced off the seat ring (21). Allow suf fi cient time for leak age pres sure on outlet side to bleed-off.) The ham mer rap should be
strong enough to "bounce" the plug (20) into the seat ring (21), leav ing a "coined" seating chamfer. Repeat a minimum of 2 times. Check after each rap to see if re quired shut off is obtained.
f. After "coining" is complete, remove UHP
grade GN2 pres sure source, membrane and open out let.
DO NOT HIGH STATIC PRESSURE TEST
THE BODY WITH OUT LOADING CHAMBER PRES SUR IZED. NOT ADHERING WILL DO PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO INTERNALS THAT COULD REN DER THE UNIT INOPERABLE.
2. Seat Leakage Test. a. Release all loading pressure from loading
chamber.
b. Pressurize inlet to 50 psig (3.5 Barg) with
UHP grade GN2.
c. Tube outlet to a beaker of water to ob-
serve number of escaping gas bubbles. A steady fl ow of gas bubbles (e.g., 20 bub bles / minute or greater) is ex ces sive leakage.
3. Excessive leakage will require disassembly, examination of sealing elements, correction of problem, reassembly and retesting. Leakage path may be via plug/seat or dynamic side seal.
NOTE: If disassembly and re-testing is
required, the metal C-ring seal (28) MUST be re placed for each disassembly/re as­ sem bly.
7. To Install Diaphragm(s): a. Install a new metal C-ring seal (28) into
the body (23) diaphragm fl ange groove.
b. Center diaphragm(s) (9) onto body's (23)
diaphragm fl ange.
8. Aligning matchmarks and bolt holes, place loading chamber (4) on body (23).
9. Install all fl ange bolts (12) and nuts (11) with nameplate (99) located under one bolt head. Hand-tighten nuts (11).
10. Evenly tighten body bolting (11,12) using an alternating cross pattern in one revolution increments. Tighten to the following torque value: All body sizes: 30-35 Ft-lbs (41-47 Nm).
G. Pressure Testing:
1. If a high static pressure test is performed, pres sure must be applied to all three, the loading chamber, the inlet and the outlet of body at the same level.
6
IOM-CA4/SA4
Page 7
SECTION VIII
VIII. TROUBLE SHOOTING GUIDE
When trouble shooting this regulator there are many possibilities as to what may be causing problems. Many times, the regulator itself is not defective, but one or more of the accessories may be. Sometimes the pro cess may be causing diffi culties.
The key to effi cient trouble shooting is information and communication. The customer should try to be as precise as possible in their explanation of the problem, as well as their understanding of the application and operating con di tions.
It is imperative the following information be provided by the customer:
Fluid (with fl uid properties) Range of fl ow rate Range of inlet pressure Range of outlet pressure Range of fl uid temperature Range of ambient temperature
Pressure readings should be taken at every location that pressure plays a role - i.e., regulator inlet (as close as possible to inlet port), regulator outlet (as close as possible to outlet port), etc.
Below are some of the more common complaints along with possible causes and remedies.
1. Erratic regulation, instability or hunting.
Possible Causes Remedies
A. Sticking of internal parts A. Remove internals, clean, and if necessary, replace.
B. Oversized regulator B. Check actual fl ow conditions; resize regulator for min i mum
and maximum fl ow; if necessary, replace with smaller regulator.
2. Downstream pressure will not reach desired setting.
Possible Causes Remedies
A. Supply pressure is down (confi irm on pressure gauge).
B. Undersized regulator. B. Check actual fl ow conditions; resize regulator for minimum
3. Diaphragm continually breaks.
Possible Causes Remedies
A. Differential pressure across dia­ phragm may have exceeded limits. (See Table 1 in Tech Bulletin).
A. Increase supply pressure
and maximum fl ow; if necessary, replace with larger regulator.
A. Be aware of limits as well as where the various pressures are acting. Install pressure safety equipment as necessary. Pressure limit for outlet is lower than the limit of the inlet.
IOM-CA4/SA4
7
Page 8
4. Leakage at diaphragm fl ange.
Possible Causes Remedies
A. Body bolts not torqued properly. A1. Torque to proper value (see Section VII, F.13).
A2. Failed C-ring seal. Replace seal.
B. Pressures at diaphragm may be too high for regulator design.
5. Leakage across seat.
Possible Causes Remedies
A. Contamination (debris) in regulator. A1. Remove internals, clean and if necessary, replace sealing
B. Oversized regulator; plug operates directly next to seat.
* Excess seat leakage may be diagnosed when a failure of the dynamic side seal has occurred. Inspect both potential internal leak paths.
C. Failure due to wear. C1. Replace seat.
D. Improper installation. D1. Failure to "coin" CTFE or VTFE seat; disassemble and "coin".
B. Consult factory.
seating elements. * A2. Install UHP fi lter at inlet.
B. Check actual fl ow conditions; resize regulator for minimum and maximum fl ow; if necessary, replace with smaller regulator.
C2. Replace all internal trim due wear.
D2. Improper re-assembly. Disassemble and re-assemble per instructions within IOM.
8
IOM-CA4/SA4
Page 9
SECTION IX
IX. ORDERING INFORMATION NEW REPLACEMENT UNIT VS PARTS "KIT" FOR FIELD RE
To obtain a quotation or place an order, please retrieve the Serial Number and Product Code that was stamped on the metal name plate and attached to the unit. This information can also be found on the Bill of Material ("BOM"), a parts list that was provided when unit was originally shipped. (Serial Number typically 6 digits). Product Code typical format as follows: (last digit is alpha character that refl ects revision level for the product).
NEW REPLACEMENT UNIT:
Contact your local Cashco, Inc., Sales Rep re sen­ ta tive with the Serial Number and Product code. With this information they can provide a quotation for a new unit including a complete description, price and availability.
CAUTION
Do not attempt to alter the original construction of any unit without assistance and approval from the factory. All purposed changes will require a new name plate with appropriate ratings and new product code to accommodate the recommended part(s) changes.
7
PARTS "KIT" for FIELD REPAIR:
Contact your local Cashco, Inc., Sales Rep re sen­ ta tive with the Serial Number and Product code. Identify the parts and the quantity required to repair the unit from the "BOM" sheet that was provided when unit was originally shipped.
NOTE: Those part numbers that have a quantity indicated
under "Spare Parts" in column "A” refl ect minimum parts required for inspection and rebuild, - "Soft Goods Kit". Those in column “B” include minimum trim replacement parts needed plus those "Soft Goods" parts from column "A".
If the "BOM" is not available, refer to the cross­sectional drawings included in this manual for part identifi cation and selection.
A Local Sales Representative will provide quotation for appropriate Kit Number, Price and Availability.
NOTE: In addition to ordering repair parts, it is recommended that a special double-posted spanner wrench
tting be ordered for use in the main te nance of the ITA.
Double-Posted Spanner Wrench Fitting
Body Size Part Number
All A96-75-9-P0459-00
The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed as warranties or guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their use or applicability. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specifi cations of such product at any time without notice. Cashco, Inc. does not assume responsibility for the selection, use or maintenance of any product. Responsibility for proper selection, use and maintenance of any Cashco, Inc. product remains solely with the purchaser.
IOM-CA4/SA4
9
Page 10
NOTES
10
IOM-CA4/SA4
Page 11
NOTES
IOM-CA4/SA4
11
Page 12
Figure 3:
Model CA4/SA4
Item No. Description
4 Loading Chamber 9
Diaphragm
*
11 Flange Bolt Nuts 12 13 15
*
Flange Bolt
Piston-Guide Bearing
Cage O-ring Seal 16 Shim 17 Cage Washer 18 Cage Cap Screw 19 Cage 20 Valve Plug 21 * Seat Ring 22 Return Spring
Cashco, Inc. P.O. Box 6 Ellsworth, KS 67439-0006 PH (785) 472-4461 Fax. # (785) 472-3539 www.cashco.com email: sales@cashco.com
Printed in U.S.A. CA4/SA4-IOM
Cashco GmbH Handwerkerstrasse 15 15366 Hoppegarten, Germany PH +49 3342 4243135 Fax. No. +49 3342 4243136 www.cashco.com Email: germany@cashco.com
Cashco do Brasil, Ltda. Al.Venus, 340 Indaiatuba - Sao Paulo, Brazil PH +55 11 99677 7177 Fax. No. www.cashco.com Email: brazil@cashco.com
Item No. Description
23 Body 27 * Dynamic Side Seal
27.1
27.2
27.3
Cap Seal
*
O-ring Energizer
*
U-Cup Seal w/ Metal Energizer
*
28 * Diaphragm Seal
Recommended Repair Parts
*
It is recommended that a special double-posted spanner
wrench fi tting be ordered for use in the main te nance of the ITA. To order, see NOTE in Section IX, Parts Order­ing Information.
Loading...