Calculated Industries 9226 User Manual

Film/Video Calculator

RAMEMASTER

CALCULATED INDUSTRIES

We put answers at your fingertips

User’s Guide

CALCULATED INDUSTRIES

30 DF

RAME MASTER

Stop Watch/Timer

o/Stop

16mm

30 NDF30 NDF

Sync

Conv

Stor

Rcl

HRS MIN SEC FRM

H:M:S

Mark

Film

Cust

35mm

Time Code

30 DF

7 9

Cus TC

25 PAL

B Sub

Out

4 5

Rate

•

Off

Dec

fps

Adj fps

Dur

On/C

∆

Prefs

Frms

Sum

Rem

Clr Mem

+/–

–

Table of Contents

Getting Started

NTSC (“SMPTE”) Time Code . . . .4

Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Power On & Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Key Definitions/Functions . . . . . .10

Basic Math Operations . . . . . . . . .20

Memory Functions . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Using the

Frame Master®II

Entering Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Math Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

In/Out/Duration Points . . . . . . . .32

Sync/Offset Function . . . . . . . . . .35

Setting Film Speed [fps] . . . . . . . .37

Setting Frames Per Foot . . . . . . . .38

Setting Custom Time Code . . . . .39

Using the Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Timer Mark Points . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Rate Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Appendix

Calculator Information . . . . . . . . .48

Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . .50

2 – Frame Master®II

Introducing

Frame Master®II

The Frame Master®II is designed to simplify calculations and conversions for Film, Time Code, and Real-Time. It features:

◆ Complete conversions between Film,

Time and Time Code formats.

◆ Adds, Subtracts, Multiplies and

Divides Film, Time Code and RealTime (H:M:S) units.

◆ Automatic In/Out/Duration calcu-

lations for editing and EDL’s.

◆ Custom settings for Film Speed,

Film Frames, and Time Code.

◆ Count up/count down Timer (that

counts in Real-Time, Feet-Frames, and Time Code) with Buzzer and Mark Point functions

The Frame Master II also works as a standard math calculator with Memory and Percent functions, plus battery-saving auto shut-off.

Calculated Industries, Inc.

4840 Hytech Drive, Carson City, NV 89706 USA

Tech Support TEL: 775/885-4975 • FAX: 775/885-4995

http://www.calculated.com

User’s Guide – 3

NTSC (“SMPTE”) Time Code

There are two types of NTSC 30 framesper-second (fps) time code commonly used in North America and Japan: NonDrop Frame (30

NDF) and Drop Frame

(30

DF). These time codes are both differ-

ent than real clock time since they typically run at a reference rate of 59.94 Hz rather than true clock rate of 60 Hz: Since each video frame is composed of 2 interlaced fields, the NTSC signal translates to

59.94 fields per second, which, when divided by 2 fields per frame, yields 29.97 fps, not 30. The resultant speed is 0.1% slower than real time.

Non-Drop Frame Time Code

Commonly used because of its simplicity, Non-Drop Frame Time Code makes no attempt the compensate for this real time discrepancy — about 3.6 seconds in one “hour” of 30

NDF time code (i.e., one

“hour” of 30

NDF time code equals

approximately 1 hour and 3.6 seconds of real time). Again, this is when the time code is referenced to 59.94 Hz.

GETTING STARTED

4 – Frame Master®II

Drop Frame Time Code

Drop Frame time code was developed to compensate for the error between 30 NDF time code and 29.97 NTSC signal speed. In Drop Frame, the first two frame numbers (:00 and :01) are dropped at the start of each minute, except for minutes ending in zero (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50). In one “hour” of Drop Frame time code, this amounts to 108 frames (54 x 2 =108) skipped, or about 3.6 seconds of real-time.

While Drop Frame time code is said to be real-time accurate, it only synchronizes to real-time at these 10-minute marks (and even then it is not 100% accurate), but it’s generally “close enough.”

Both types of NTSC time code may be referenced to 60 Hz rather than 59.94 Hz; this is common in audio recording. In this case, 30

NDF time code is “time-

accurate” and 30

DF time code runs 0.1%

faster than real time. Your calculator may be set to run NTSC time code at either

59.94 Hz (the default) or 60 Hz.

For more information on video time codes, refer to SMPTE Standard ANSI/SMPTE 12M-1995, available from the

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), White Plains, NY.

User’s Guide – 5

Other Time Codes

The Frame Master II also contains two other Time Code modes: (a) 25 fps (P

AL/SECAM) and (b) Custom Time

Code, which can be set to any speed from 1-100 fps (the default setting is “true” clock-accurate 30 fps — i.e., 30 fps referenced to 60 Hz).

Note: Both these are “true” speeds in

that they need no adjustments to synchronize them to real-time.

Conversions

Before moving on, it is very important to understand how conversions are done on the calculator, as there are various standards used throughout the world. The three conversion methods used on this calculator:

(1) Frame to Frame — Each frame of

one format is converted to one frame of another format (i.e., NTSC NonDrop Frame Time Code to NTSC Drop Frame Time Code — the time code changes, but the number of frames stays constant).

6 – Frame Master®II

(2) Frame Rate to Frame Rate — Con-

versions are based on the respective frame rates at ratio of those frame rates (i.e., theatrical film shot at 24 fps to NTSC video running at 30 fps, referenced to 59.94 Hz or 60 Hz, depending on the selected Hz reference; if referenced to 59.94, the film speed will be slowed down to 23.976 for an even frame conversion). This conversion will result in more or less frames converted, such as happens with a “3:2 PullDown.”

(3) Time-Based — Values are con-

verted strictly based on actual time (i.e., NTSC video to PAL video).

How the

Frame Master II

Converts

Here is a listing of the more common types of conversions and how they are converted on the Frame Master II. Because of the various methods employed, multiple conversions of the same entered value may change when re-converted back to the original entry format — unless this is done in the exact reverse order of conversion.

User’s Guide – 7

NTSC/NTSC Frame to Frame. NTSC/Film Rate to Rate. NTSC/PAL Time-based. Film/PAL Frame to Frame. Film/Cust TC Frame to Frame. PAL/Cust TC Frame to Frame. Film/Film Frame to Frame.

All conversion to real time (H:M:S) are, of course, time-based.

Special Note to Users of the Original

Frame Master/Plus

Calculators

If you use or used the original Frame Master/Frame Master

Plus, the con-

versions you get on this new model will differ substantially. All conversions on our original model(s) were time-based, which often led to unexpected results. The ones used here are based on typical worldwide industry standards. Some applications, however, will vary, but normally there will be a means to convert almost all formats using your desired method.

8 – Frame Master®II

Power On & Off

Turn the calculator on by pressing the [On/C] key.

To turn it off, press the [Off ] key.

Auto Shut-Off

The calculator will turn itself off if it is not used within 8-10 minutes, except when the Stop-Watch/Timer is active.

(1) When the Stop-Watch/Timer is

counting up, the calculator will shut off after 8 hours if you have not used it during that time. This will vary slightly if you’re timing in non-real time modes such as NTSC Time Code.

(2) When the Stop-Watch/Timer is

counting down, the calculator will shut off if you do not use it within 8-10 minutes after the timer reaches zero.

User’s Guide – 9

Key Definitions/Functions

[+] [–] [x] [÷] [=]

Arithmetic operation keys.

[%]

Four-function percent key.

[0] – [9]

Digits used for entering numbers.

[•]

Decimal point.

[Off] — Off Key

Turns all power off.

10 – Frame Master®II

Off

Dec

fps

Cus TC

Adj fps

Dur

On/C

Prefs

Frms

Sum

RAME MASTER

Stop Watch/Timer

o/Stop

16mm

30 NDF30 NDF

Sync

Conv

H:M:S

Mark

Film

Cust

35mm

Time Code

30 DF

25 PAL

B Sub

Out

7 9

∆

Rem

[On/C] — On/Clear Key

Turns power on. If on, pressing once clears the last entry and the display. Pressing twice clears all temporary registers.

[Conv] — Convert Key

Used with the Mode keys to convert between Modes. Also used to access special 2nd functions.

[Rcl] — Recall Key

Recalls values stored in any register. Press [Rcl] and then the key you wish to display the value of. For example, [Rcl] [fps] displays the value stored for film speed.

[Stor] — Store key

Used for permanent storage of up to 10 separate, non-accumulating values in the 0-9 Memory locations. Also used to set values for film frames per second, film speed, film size and custom time code speed.

[:] — Colon key

Separates multiple entries for real time, time codes, film footages, etc.

User’s Guide – 11

[H:M:S]— Hours/Minutes/Seconds

Used for two functions: (1) to establish a “real-clock-time” mode for entering and calculating real time (H:M:S – hours, minutes, seconds); (2) to convert a time code, film footage or frame value to real time.

[Frms] — Frames

Enters a frame value or converts (when used with the [Conv] key) a displayed time code or film footage value to a decimal frame value.

[Dec] — Decimal Math Mode

Toggles the calculator to decimal math mode and clears the display to “0.” This mode is only used for regular math calculation. It cannot be used for time code, real-time or film footage calculations.

[In] — In key

Enters or calculates the start point. Calculates the “in” starting point based on the values in the [Dur] and [Out] registers.

12 – Frame Master®II

[Out] — Out key

Enters or calculates the end point. Calculates the “out” ending point based on the values in the [Dur] and

[In] registers. (Note: This calculator uses “EDL” or ”exclusive” formats for the Out point — that is, Out is not considered part of the duration, rather the start of the next edit.)

[Dur] — Duration key

Enters or calculates the duration. Calculates the “duration” value based on the values in the [In] and

[Out] registers.

[Sum] — Sum key

Used for accumulating values. To display the accumulated value, press

[Rcl] [Sum].

[Sync] — Sync/Offset key

Allows you to create an offset between A and B sources, and then find matching edit points. (See “Sync/Offset.”)

[Prefs] — Preferences key

Allows you to customize various conversions or outputs on the calculator to your needs. (See “Preferences.”)

User’s Guide – 13

[30 NDF] — 30 Non-Drop-Frame

Time Code

Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate NTSC 30 NDF Time Code; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code (other than 30 NDF), film footage or frame value to NTSC 30 Non-Drop Frame Time Code (H:M:S:F). While normally ref-

erenced to 59.94 Hz, your calculator can be set to reference 30 NDF time code at 60 Hz.

[30 DF] — 30 Drop-Frame Time Code

Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate NTSC 30 DF Time Code; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code (other than 30 DF), film footage or frame value to NTSC 30 Drop Frame Time Code. While nor-

mally referenced to 59.94 Hz, your calculator can be set to reference 30 DF time code at 60 Hz.

14 – Frame Master®II

[25 PAL] — PAL/SECAM 25 FPS

Time Code

Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate P

AL/SECAM 25 FPS Time

Code; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real-time, time code (other than 25 FPS), film footage or frame value to PAL/ SECAM 25 FPS time code.

[CusTC] — Custom Time Code

Used for two functions: (1) to enter a custom time code (H:M:S:F); (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code (other than the custom time code you’re using), film footage or frame value to the Custom time code. The Custom time code is “real-clocktime” accurate (meaning that 30 fps referenced to 60 Hz, not 59.94 Hz).

[16mm] — 16mm Film key

Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate 16mm film (FeetFrames); (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code, or frame value to 16mm film. (Standard = 40 frames/foot.)

User’s Guide – 15

[35mm] — 35mm Film key

Used for two functions: (1) to enter or calculate 35mm film; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code, or decimal frame value to 35mm film. (Standard = 16 frames/foot.)

[CusFilm] — Custom fps

Used for two functions: (1) to enter a custom feet-frames; (2) when used with the [Conv] key, converts a real time, time code, film footage or frame value to the Custom Film setting. (Standard = 24 frames/foot.)

[fps] — Film Frames Per Second

Sets the film speed for 16mm, 35mm and Custom film keys. The default value is 24 fps (the worldwide standard for theatrical film). Time code is not affected by this fps value. This fps value is “clock-time” accurate (meaning that 24 fps equals 24 frames per clock second).

16 – Frame Master®II

Stop-Watch Timer Keys

[Go/Stop] — Timer Go/Stop

Activates the Stop-Watch/Timer.

If Timer is not

counting:

First press displays the stopped timer (blank timer or timer with time value displayed). At this point, you may enter a time-related value.

Second press starts the timer. Third press stops the timer. Fourth press re-starts the timer. Subsequent presses switch between

stopping and starting the timer.

If Timer is counting:

First press displays the counting timer (counting up from zero or an entered value). To count down, enter a value

and press [Conv] [Go/Stop]. Second press stops the timer. Third press re-starts the timer. Subsequent presses switch between

stopping and starting the timer.

[Mark] — Mark Point Function

Allows you to record to “tape” up to 14 mark points (plus the Start) while the Timer is running. Pressing [Rcl]

User’s Guide – 17

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