Cakewalk Sonar - 7.0 Instruction Manual

Table of Contents

Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

About SONAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Music Composition and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Remixing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Game Sound Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Sound Production and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Web Authoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Film and Video Scoring and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Publishing Music on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Burning Audio CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Flexibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Computers, Sound, and Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Audio Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

MIDI Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Starting SONAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

SONAR Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

SONAR File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Opening a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Working on a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Windows Taskbar Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Screen Colors and Wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Color Presets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Starting to Use SONAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Installing SONAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

1 Tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Tutorial 1—The Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Opening a Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Preparing for Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Playing the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Restarting the Project Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Changing the Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Muting and Soloing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Changing a Track's Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Playing Music on a Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Tutorial 2—Recording MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Creating a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Recording a MIDI Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Loop Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Punch-In Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Tutorial 3—Recording Digital Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Setting the Sampling Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Setting the Audio Driver Bit Depth and Recording Bit Depth. . . . . 118

Open a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Setting Up an Audio Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Checking the Input Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Recording Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Listening to the Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Recording Another Take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Input Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Loop and Punch-In Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Recording Multiple Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

2 Table of Contents

Tutorial 4—Editing MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Transposing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Copying Clips with Drag and Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Editing Notes in the Piano Roll View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Slip-editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Drawing MIDI Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

Converting MIDI to Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

Tutorial 5—Editing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

Opening the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

Importing a Wave File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

Moving and Looping the Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Slip-editing a Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

Automatic Crossfades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135

Bouncing Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

Tutorial 6—Using Groove Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Adding Groove Clips to a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Looping Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Changing the Pitch of Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Changing the Tempo of Your Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Creating Your Own Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143

Tutorial 7—Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Adding Real-time Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Automating an Individual Effect’s Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

Grouping Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Automating Your Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

Exporting an MP3 File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

Tutorial 8—Using Soft Synths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Inserting Cakewalk TTS-1 into a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Playing MIDI Tracks through a Soft Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Converting Your Soft Synth Tracks to Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Tutorial 9—Drum Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157

Create a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

Creating a Drum Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

Create a Drum Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

Map Drum Notes to Different Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Tutorial 10—Cyclone Soft Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Cyclone Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Adding Files to a Pad Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Setting a Pad’s Volume and Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Playing Cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Editing Loops in the Loop Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166

Table of Contents

3

2 Controlling Playback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

The Now Time and How to Use It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

The Now Time Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

The Track View Now Time Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Displaying the Now Time in Large Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Other Ways to Set the Now Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Time Ruler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Controlling Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Handling Stuck Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Using the Large Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Track-by-Track Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

The Playback State Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Silencing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Soloing Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Inverting the Phase of a Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Changing Tracks’ Mono/Stereo Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Changing Track Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Setting Up Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Assigning Tracks to Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Choosing the Instrument Sound (Bank and Patch) . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Adding Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Adjusting Volume and Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Configurable Panning Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Adjusting Volume Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Assigning a MIDI Channel (Chn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Adjusting the Key/Transposing a Track (Key+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Adjusting the Note Velocity (Vel+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Adjusting the Time Alignment of a MIDI Track (Time+). . . . . . . . . 211

Other MIDI Playback Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Controlling Live MIDI Playback—MIDI Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Local Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Playing Files in Batch Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

The Play List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Video Playback, Import, and Export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Inserting and Playing Back Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Exporting Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Optimizing Video Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Using the Video Thumbnails Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Video Playback on a FireWire DV Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Exporting a Project to a FireWire DV Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

4 Table of Contents

Synchronizing External Video Playback to Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Locating Missing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

The Find Missing Audio File Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Restoring Missing Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Managing Shared and External Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

3 Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Creating a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Using Per-Project Audio Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Creating a New Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

Setting the Meter and Key Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Setting the Metronome and Tempo Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Setting the Audio Sampling Rate and Bit Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Setting the MIDI Timing Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Preparing to Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Recording Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Choosing an Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Arming Tracks for Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

Auto Arming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

Recording Music from a MIDI Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

Input Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

Recording Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

Tuning an Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

Confidence Recording and Waveform Preview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Input Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

The Audio Engine Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

Loop Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

Punch Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

Step Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

Step Record Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

Step Pattern Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274

Recording Specific Ports and Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276

Input Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

Importing Music and Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

Importing Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Importing Audio CD Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Importing Material from Another SONAR Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

Importing OMF Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Importing MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

Table of Contents

5

Using File Versioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Labeling Your Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

File Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

4 Arranging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Arranging Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Changing the Order of Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Inserting Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Configuring the Display of Tracks in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Copying Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Erasing Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Track Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Track Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Configuring Track View Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Arranging Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Displaying Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Using the Navigator View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Opening Views by Double-clicking Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Selecting Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Moving and Copying Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Locking Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Nudge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Nudge Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Working with Partial Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Markers and the snap grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Showing Gridlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Defining and Using the Snap Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Snap Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Creating and Using Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Working with Linked Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Splitting and Combining Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Take Management and Comping Takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Clip Muting and Isolating (Clip Soloing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Clip Muting with the Default Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Clip Muting with the Alternate Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Toggling a Clip’s Mute Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Audition (Selection Playback) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Isolating (Clip Soloing). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Track Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Adding Effects in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

6 Table of Contents

Changing Tempos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348

Using the Tempo Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

Using the Tempo Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351

Using the Tempo View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353

Undo, Redo, and the Undo History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357

Slip-editing (Non-destructive Editing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359

Using Slip-editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359

Slip-editing Multiple Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362

Fades and Crossfades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362

Using Fades and Crossfades in Real Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362

5 AudioSnap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Enabling AudioSnap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

The AudioSnap Palette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371

Transient Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374

Displaying Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374

Disabling and Enabling Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375

Marker Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376

Editing Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

The Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380

Keyboard Shortcuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

Aligning Clips to New Tempo Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

Aligning Project Tempo to a Clip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382

Extract Timing Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384

Quantizing Audio Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

Groove Quantize and Quantize to Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

Aligning MIDI with Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

Copying Audio Rhythms as MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

Slip-stretching Audio Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

Adding Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .396

6 Using Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

The Loop Construction View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397

Loop Construction Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398

The Loop Explorer View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Folders Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404

Contents List Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

Working with Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405

Working with Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406

Table of Contents

7

How Groove Clips Work in SONAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Using Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Creating and Editing Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Editing Slices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Saving Groove Clips as Wave Files/ACIDized Wave Files . . . . . . 413

Using Pitch Markers in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

MIDI Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Exporting, and Importing MIDI Groove Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Importing Project5 Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

7 Editing MIDI Events and Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Event Inspector Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

The Piano Roll View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Note Map Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Drum Grid Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Notes Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Controller Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Track List Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Opening the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Working with Multiple Tracks in the Piano Roll View. . . . . . . . . . . 427

Note Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Displaying Notes and Controllers (Piano Roll View Only) . . . . . . . . . . 429

Adding and Editing Notes in the Piano Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Selecting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Editing Notes with the Draw Tool and the Select Tool . . . . . . . . . 433

Adding and Editing Controllers in the Piano Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Adding Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Selecting Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Editing Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

The Inline Piano Roll View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Displaying the Inline Piano Roll View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

The MIDI Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Displaying Notes and Controllers in the Inline Piano Roll View. . . 448

Selecting and Editing Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Copying and Pasting MIDI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Transposing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Inserting Time or Measures into a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Stretching and Shrinking Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Reversing Notes in a Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Adding Crescendos and Decrescendos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

8 Table of Contents

Changing the Timing of a Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460

Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461

Fit Improvisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470

Snap to Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

Searching for Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476

Event Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477

Controllers, RPNs, NRPNs, and

Automation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

The Event List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486

Event List Buttons and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

Selecting Events in the Event List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

Event List Display Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491

Editing Events and Event Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491

Additional Event Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493

MIDI Effects (MIDI Plug-ins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

MIDI Effects Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496

Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496

Adding Echo/Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

Filtering Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498

Adding Arpeggio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499

Analyzing Chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501

Changing Velocities with the Velocity Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Transposing MIDI Notes with the Transpose MIDI Effect. . . . . . . .503

8 Drum Maps and the Drum Grid Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505

Creating and Editing a Drum Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506

The Drum Map Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506

Working in the Drum Map Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508

The Map Properties Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509

Saving a Drum Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Using Drum Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Assigning a MIDI Track to a Drum Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Opening a Drum Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

Displaying Tracks in the Drum Grid Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

Velocity Tails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512

Editing Note Velocities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

Previewing a Mapped Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514

The Note Map Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514

Changing Mapped-note Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515

Table of Contents

9

The Drum Grid Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Grid Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

The Pattern Brush Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

How the Pattern Brush Tool Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Creating Custom Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

9 Editing Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Digital Audio Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Basic Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Example—A Guitar String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

Recording a Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

The Decibel Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

Audio Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Managing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Basic Audio Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Editing Clip Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Moving, Copying, Pasting and Deleting Audio Clips . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Audio Scaling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Splitting Audio Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

Bouncing to Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Basic Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Using the Normalize and Gain Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Reversing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Advanced Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Removing Silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Removing DC Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Applying Fades and Crossfades Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Audio Effects (Audio Plug-ins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

Applying Audio Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Directly Applying Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

10 Software Synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Synth Rack View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Synth Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Inserting Soft Synths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Opening a Soft Synth’s Property Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Synth Rack Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Playing a Soft Synth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

10 Table of Contents

Muting and Soloing Soft Synth Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

Multi-port Soft Synths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

Converting Your Soft Synth Tracks to Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

Using the Assignable Controls Feature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567

Automating Controls from the Synth Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567

Displaying Synth Rack Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568

Remote Control of the Synth Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568

Drawing Soft Synth Automation in the Clips Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . .568

Soft Synth MIDI Output Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569

Recording a Soft Synth’s MIDI Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570

ReWire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

ReWire Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

Inserting a ReWire Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572

Routing MIDI Data to ReWire Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Mixing Down ReWire Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Automating ReWire Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

ReWire Troubleshooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576

Stand-alone Synths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577

Playing a Stand-alone Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577

Recording a Stand-alone Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578

11 Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

Preparing to Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .582

Configuring the Console and Track Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585

Mixing MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588

Mixing a MIDI Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588

Converting MIDI to Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .589

Signal Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591

Sidechaining Signal Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593

Routing and Mixing Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593

Stereo Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .595

Surround Buses (Producer Edition Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596

Main Outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597

Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598

What the Meters Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599

Hiding and Showing Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599

Changing the Meters’ Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Segmented and Non-segmented Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602

Changing the Meters’ Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603

Peak Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604

Table of Contents

11

Waveform Preview for Buses and Synth Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Freeze Tracks and Synths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Using Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Effects Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

How to Use Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Presets and Property Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

Effects on Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

Organizing Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

VST Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620

V-Vocal Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

Using V-Vocal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Playing Back V-Vocal Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Pitch Editing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Editing Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Editing Formants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Editing Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634

Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635

Using the Per-track EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

Applying Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Applying MIDI Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Using Control Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Quick Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Using Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

Using the Learn Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

Bouncing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Preparing to Create an Audio CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Preparing Audio for Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Exporting OMF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

12 Surround Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Surround Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Configuring SONAR for Surround Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Using Surround Format Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Choosing a Surround Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Surround Buses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

Routing in Surround. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Downmixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

12 Table of Contents

Panning in Surround . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

Controlling Surround Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673

Automating Surround Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679

Joystick Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679

Surround Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680

Bass Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681

Surround Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682

The SurroundBridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683

Effect Property Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683

Effect Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684

How to Patch and Configure Surround Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684

Importing Surround Mixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .686

Exporting Surround Mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687

13 Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

Quick Automation Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690

The Automation Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691

Automation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692

Automation Read and Automation Write Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693

Recording Individual Fader or Knob Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .694

Creating and Editing Audio Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696

Creating and Editing MIDI Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .698

Dotted Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701

Using the Envelope Draw Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701

Drawing Envelopes on Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703

Showing or Hiding Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .704

Deleting Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .705

Copying and Pasting Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706

Resetting Envelopes and Nodes to Current or Neutral Values . . .707

Envelope Mode and Offset Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708

Converting MIDI Envelopes to Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710

Snapshots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .711

Adding Nodes at a Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .712

Automating Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

Automating Individual Effects Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

Recording Automation Data from an External Controller . . . . . . . .714

Reassigning Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .716

The Envelope Editing and Node Editing Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .716

Automated Muting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718

Table of Contents

13

14 Layouts, Templates and Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Floating Views and Dual Monitor Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

Template Example: Three MIDI Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728

Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Importing Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

Exporting Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

15 Notation and Lyrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

The Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

Opening the Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

Staff Pane Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

The Staff Pane Right-Click Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

The Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

Fretboard Popup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Basic Musical Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742

Inserting Notes on the Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742

Inserting Notes with the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744

Selecting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Notes on the Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

Moving Notes from within the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746

Auditioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Changing Note Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

Deglitch Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748

Working with Triplets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749

Beaming of Rests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Changing the Way Notes Are Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Using Enharmonic Spellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

MIDI Channels and the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

Chords and Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754

Adding Chord Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

Adding Expression Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759

Adding Hairpin Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760

Adding Pedal Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761

Tablature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762

Tablature Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763

Changing Fretboard Texture and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764

Quick TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Regenerate TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

Entering Notes from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766

14 Table of Contents

Single Note Editing from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .767

Editing Chords or Groups of Notes from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . .767

Editing Notes and Chords from the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .768

Working with Percussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769

Setting Up a Percussion Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .770

Setting Up a Percussion Staff or Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .770

Ghost Strokes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .772

Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .773

The Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775

What Is Meter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775

What Is Key? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .776

Opening the Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777

Adding and Editing Meter/Key Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777

Music Notation for Non-concert-key

Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .779

Working with Lyrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .780

Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .781

Opening the Lyrics View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .782

Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Lyrics View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .783

16 Instrument Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785

Assigning Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .786

Importing Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788

Creating Instrument Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .789

Creating and Editing Patch Name and Other Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . .793

Copying Name Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .795

Assigning the Bank Select Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .795

Assigning Patch Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .797

Assigning Note Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .799

Assigning Controller, RPN, and NRPN Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801

SONAR Flags in Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .802

Instrument Definition Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803

Why Use Instrument Definitions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803

What Can They Do and Not Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803

Where Do Instrument Definitions Come From? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .804

Start of Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .804

17 System Exclusive Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809

What Is System Exclusive?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810

Sysx Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810

Table of Contents

15

Using the System Exclusive View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

Sending Sysx Banks at Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812

Importing, Creating, and Dumping Sysx Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813

More about Dump Request Macros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

Editing Sysx Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816

Sysx View Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

Send . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

Send All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817

Clear Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

Edit Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818

Load Bank and Save Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

Transmitting Banks During Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819

Real-time Recording of System Exclusive Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820

Sysx Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821

Sysx .

INI File Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822

18 Synchronizing Your Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825

Synchronization Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825

Choosing Clock Sources: SONAR as Master . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827

MIDI Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828

SONAR as the Slave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829

SONAR as the Master . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830

Using MIDI Sync with Drum Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

Troubleshooting MIDI Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

SMPTE/MIDI Time Code Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832

Playing Digital Audio under SMPTE/MTC Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836

SMPTE/MTC Sync and Full Chase Lock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837

Troubleshooting SMPTE/MTC Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838

MIDI Machine Control (MMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839

19 Audio File Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841

The Project Files Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841

Project Files and Bundle Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

Audio Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844

16 Table of Contents

Global Audio Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845

Per-project Audio Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845

Imported Audio Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847

Backing Up Projects with Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .848

Deleting Unused Audio Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .850

20 Improving Audio Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853

System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .853

The Wave Profiler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .853

Enabling and Disabling Audio Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .855

Sampling Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .856

Bit Depths, and Float Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .857

Bit Depths for Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .858

Bit Depths for Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .859

Bit Depths for Importing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .859

Bit Depths for Exporting Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .860

Bit Depths for Rendering Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .860

Preparing Higher-quality Audio for CD Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .861

SONAR Project File Compatibility Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .862

Improving Performance with Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .862

Getting the Most Out of Your PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .863

Mixing Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .866

ASIO Drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .866

Queue Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .867

Status Bar/CPU Meter/Disk Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .867

24-bit Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .868

Dropouts and Other Audio Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870

Optimized Picture Cache Redrawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .880

21 External Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883

Edirol PCR Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .884

Connecting and Disconnecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .886

ACT MIDI Controller Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .888

Using the ACT MIDI Controller Property Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .889

Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .890

Assigning Controls on Your Controller/Surface to Cells in the ACT

MIDI Property Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891

Cakewalk Generic Surface Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892

Loading Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892

Assigning Faders and Knobs to Control SONAR Parameters . . . .893

Table of Contents

17

Controlling Different Tracks or Groups of Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897

The Cakewalk Generic Surface Property Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898

The WAI Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904

ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906

OPT Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Working with StudioWare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

StudioWare Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909

Using Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910

Grouping Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913

Recording Control Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

Control Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918

StudioWare Panel Drawing Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919

22 Using Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921

Running CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921

Sample CAL Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921

SPLIT NOTE TO TRACKS.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922

SPLIT CHANNEL TO TRACKS.CAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922

RANDOM TIME.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922

THIN CONTROLLER DATA.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

THIN CHANNEL AFTERTOUCH.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

THIN PITCH WHEEL.CAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

MAJOR CHORD.CAL, MINOR CHORD.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

23 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

Audio dropouts or crash when playing back large files at maximum

latency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926

When I Play a File, I Don’t Hear Anything . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926

I Can’t Record from My MIDI Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928

When I Play a File Containing Audio, the Audio Portion Doesn’t Play. 929

I Can’t Record Any Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930

The Music Is Playing Back with the Wrong Instrument Sounds. . . . . . 931

My Keyboard Doubles Every Note I Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932

I Don’t See the Clips Pane in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932

Why Can’t SONAR Find My Audio Files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

Why Do I Get Errors from the Wave Profiler? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

My Track or Bus Fader is Maximized, But There’s No Sound or Level 933
How Do I Use SONAR to Access All the Sounds on My

18 Table of Contents

MIDI Instrument? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .934

I Hear an Echo When I Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .935

Dropouts Happen in High Bit-depth or High Sample Rate Audio . . . . .936

Patching an Effect into SONAR Causes a Dropout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .936

I Can’t Open My Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .936

Audio Distorts at Greater than 16 Bits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .937

No Sound from My Soft Synth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .937

My Pro Audio 9 Files Sound Louder/Softer When I Open Them in SONAR938

SONAR Can’t Find the Wavetable Synth or MPU401. . . . . . . . . . . . . .939

I Get an Error Message When I Change a Project to 24-bit Audio . . . .939

Bouncing Tracks Takes a Long Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .939

The GUI is not Smooth During Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .940

24 Hardware Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

Connect Your MIDI Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .941

Set Up to Record Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .944

25 Initialization Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949

Initialization Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .949

Initialization File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .950

CAKEWALK.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .951

TTSSEQ.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .959

AUD.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .963

26 MIDI Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971

Timebases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .972

Supported MIDI File Meta-Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .972

Features Not Supported by MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .973

Other MIDI File Handling Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .973

Special Handling of GM, GS, and XG MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . .974

If You Have Problems Playing MIDI Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .974

If You Plan to Publish Your Songs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .975

27 New Features in SONAR 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977

Step Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .979

Step Sequencer Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .980

Flexible Piano Roll Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .994

The PRV Tool Configuration Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .995

Table of Contents

19

Default PRV Tool Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Piano Roll View Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006

Multiple Automation Controller Lanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007

Piano Roll Microscope Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011

Note Event Colors Based on Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015

Hiding Events in Muted Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015

Adjust Velocity without Changing the Display Type . . . . . . . . . . 1016

Select Controllers within Note Duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017

Show Velocity on Selected Notes (Optional). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018

Selection Sensitive Velocity Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019

Note/Controller Painting (freehand). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020

Note/Controller Painting (linear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020

Controller/Velocity Painting (freehand) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020

Controller/Velocity Painting (linear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021

Note Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021

Note Glue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022

Drag-Quantize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

MIDI Event Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024

New Erase Tool Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025

Note Hit Testing Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026

Velocity Audition Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

V-Vocal Pitch-to-MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027

MIDI Activity Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028

Dimension LE Synth with Garritan Pocket Orchestra . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028

Rapture LE Synth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029

DropZone Synth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030

Z3TA+ Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030

Rename Synths in the Synth Rack View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031

Delete Synth Safeguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031

Reload Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032

Sidechaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032

Sidechainable Sonitus Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034

Sidechainable Vintage Channel VC-64 Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035

Audio I/O Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036

LP-64 EQ Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038

LP-64 Multiband Compressor Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039

External Insert Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040

Copying EQ Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044

Dim Solo Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045

20 Table of Contents

Allow Playback with No Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1047

Reduce GUI Updates to Improve Playback Performance. . . . . . . . . .1047

Real-time Bounce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1048

Modification to Track Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1050

64-bit timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1051

Sony Wave-64 Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1052

New Audio File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1054

New Import Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1054

New Export Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1055

Encoding Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1055

Preview Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1059

Integrated Audio CD Ripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1059

Cakewalk Publisher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1060

Burning Audio CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1061

Revert Clip(s) to Original Time Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1062

Import Audio / MIDI Files from Clips Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1062

File Recovery Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1063

28 Cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1067

Cyclone Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1068

Pad Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1069

Pad Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1070

Loop Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1072

Loop View and Key Map View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1073

Pad Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1074

Slice Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1074

Using Cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1074

Controlling Individual Pads—Volume, Pan, Mute, Solo, Sync, Looping,

and Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1078

Mixing Down Cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1079

Loop Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1079

Keyboard Shortcuts in Cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1080

Undo and Redo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1081

29 Menu Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083

File-New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1083

File-Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1083

File-Revert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1083

Table of Contents

21

File-Close. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083

File-Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084

File-Save As. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084

File-Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084

File-Project Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085

File-Import-Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085

File-Import-Audio CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085

File-Import-Video File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086

File-Import-MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086

File-Export-Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086

File-Export-Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086

File-Export-MIDI Groove Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

File-Export-OMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

File-Export-Track Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

File-Print. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

File-Print Preview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

File-Print Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087

File-Send . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

File-Recent File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

File-Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

Edit-Undo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

Edit-Redo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

Edit-History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088

Edit-Select-All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

Edit-Select-None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

Edit-Select-By Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

Edit-Select-By Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089

Edit-Select-From = Now. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090

Edit-Select-Thru = Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090

Edit-Select-From = Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090

Edit-Select-Thru = End. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090

Edit-Select-Select Track Envelopes with Selected Clips . . . . . . . . . . 1090

Edit-Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091

Edit-Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091

Edit-Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092

Edit-Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092

22 Table of Contents

Edit-Bounce to Clip(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1092

Edit-Bounce to Track(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1093

Edit-Groove Clip Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1093

Edit-Create V-Vocal Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1093

Edit-Clip Mute/Unmute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1093

Edit-Isolate Clip(s) in Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1093

Edit-Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1094

Edit-Apply Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1094

Edit-Revert Clip(s) to Original Time Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1094

Edit-Clip Lock-Lock Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1094

Edit-Clip Lock-Lock Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1094

Edit-Convert MIDI to Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1094

Process-Audio-Remove Silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1095

Process-Audio-Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1095

Process-Audio-Normalize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1095

Process-Audio-Remove DC Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1095

Process-Audio-Fade/Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1096

Process-Audio-Crossfade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1096

Process-Audio-Reverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1097

Process-Apply Audio Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1097

Process-Apply MIDI Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1097

Process-Audio Fx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1098

Process-Audio Fx-Plug-in Layouts-Manage Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . .1098

Process-MIDI Fx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1098

Process-Deglitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1099

Process-Slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1099

Process-Nudge-Left 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1099

Process-Nudge-Right 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1099

Process-Nudge-Left 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1099

Process-Nudge-Right 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1100

Process-Nudge-Left 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1100

Process-Nudge-Right 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1100

Process-Nudge-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1100

Process-Nudge-Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1101

Process-Nudge-Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1101

Process-Quantize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1101

Table of Contents

23

Process-Groove Quantize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102

Process-AudioSnap Pallette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102

Process-Interpolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102

Process-Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102

Process-Run CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103

Process-Retrograde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103

Process-Transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104

Process-Scale Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104

Process-Fade Selected Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105

Process-Fit to Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105

Process-Fit Improvisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105

Views-Piano Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106

Views-Step Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106

Views-Event List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106

Views-Staff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107

Views-Loop Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107

Views-Lyrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107

Views-Loop Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108

Views-V-Vocal Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108

Views-Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108

Views-Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108

Views-Synth Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109

Views-Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109

Views-Big Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109

Views-Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109

Views-Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110

Views-Meter/Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110

Views-Sysx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110

Views-Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110

Views-Surround Panner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110

Views-Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111

Views-Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111

Views-Show Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111

Views-Enable Tabbing in Open Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111

Insert-Bank/Patch Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112

Insert-Meter/Key Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112

24 Table of Contents

Insert-Tempo Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1112

Insert-Time/Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1112

Insert-Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

Insert-Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

Insert-Audio Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

Insert-MIDI Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

Insert-Multiple Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

Insert-Track Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113

Insert-Insert from Track Template-More Track Templates . . . . . . . . .1114

Insert-Insert from Track Template-Import Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1114

Insert-Stereo Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1114

Insert-Surround Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1114

Insert-Series of Tempos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1114

Insert-Soft Synths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1115

Insert-Rewire Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1115

Transport-Play. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1115

Transport-Audition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1115

Transport-Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1116

Transport-Rewind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1116

Transport-Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1116

Transport-Stop Audio / Transport-Run Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1116

Transport-Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1117

Transport-Step Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1117

Transport-Toggle Step Record Activate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1117

Transport-Loop and Auto Shuttle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1117

Transport-Record Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1118

Transport-Reject Loop Take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1118

Transport-Update Patch Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1118

Transport-Tempo Ratio 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1118

Transport-Tempo Ratio 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1119

Transport-Tempo Ratio 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1119

Transport-Set Timecode at Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1119

Transport-Set Measure Beat at Now. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1119

Go-Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1119

Go-From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1120

Go-Thru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1120

Table of Contents

25

Go-Beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120

Go-End. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120

Go-Previous Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121

Go-Next Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121

Go-Previous Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121

Go-Next Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121

Go-Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

Go-Search Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

Go-Go to Track Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

Tracks-Property-Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

Tracks-Property-Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122

Tracks-Property-Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Tracks-Property-Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Tracks-Property-Key+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Tracks-Property-Vel+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Tracks-Property-Time+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123

Tracks-Property-Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124

Tracks-Property-Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124

Tracks-Property-Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124

Tracks-Property-Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Tracks-Property-Icon-Load Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Tracks-Property-Icon-Reset Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Tracks-Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Tracks-Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125

Tracks-Show Automated Mute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

Tracks-Solo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

Tracks-Automation Read Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

Tracks-Automation Write Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126

Tracks-Arm for Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Tracks-Input Monitor/Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Tracks-Freeze-Freeze Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Tracks-Freeze-Quick Freeze Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Tracks-Freeze-Unfreeze Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Tracks-Freeze-Quick Unfreeze Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127

Tracks-Freeze-Freeze Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128

Tracks-Freeze-Quick Freeze Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128

26 Table of Contents

Tracks-Freeze-Unfreeze Synth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1128

Tracks-Freeze-Quick Unfreeze Synth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1128

Tracks-Freeze-Freeze Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1128

Tracks-Clone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1128

Tracks-Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1129

Tracks-Wipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1129

Tracks-Hide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1129

Tracks-Show Record Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1129

Tracks-Show Playback Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1129

Tracks-Layers-Show Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1130

Tracks-Layers-Remove Empty Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1130

Tracks-Layers-Rebuild Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1130

Tracks-Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1130

Tracks-Inline PRV-PRV Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1130

Tracks-Inline PRV-PRV Tool-Select/Draw/Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1130

Tracks-Inline PRV-Fit Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1131

Tracks-Inline PRV-Show Velocity Tails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1131

Tracks-Inline PRV-Show/Hide Continuous Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1131

Tracks-Inline PRV-Show/Hide Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1132

Tracks-Inline PRV-Display All Continuous Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1132

Tracks-Snap to Scale-Enable/Disable Snap to Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . .1132

Tracks-Snap to Scale-Root Note-[name of root note] . . . . . . . . . . . . .1132

Tracks-Snap to Scale-Scales-[name of scale] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1132

Tracks-Snap to Scale-Scales-Scale Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1133

Tracks-Snap to Scale-Scales-Snap Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1133

Tracks-Input Quantize-Enable/Disable Input Quantize. . . . . . . . . . . .1133

Tracks-Input Quantize-Quantize Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1133

Tools-Burn Audio CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1133

Tools-Cakewalk Publisher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1134

Tools-Consolidate Project Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1135

Tools-Clean Audio Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1135

Tools-Change Audio Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1135

Options-MIDI Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1135

Options-Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1136

Options-Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1137

Options-Audio Meter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1137

Table of Contents

27

Options-Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137

Options-Global Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Icons-Show Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Icons-Track View-Show Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Icons-Track View-Large Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Icons-Track View-Small Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Icons-Track View-Show in Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138

Options-Icons-Track View-Show Custom in Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Track View-Show in Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Track Inspector-Show Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Track Inspector-Show Large Icons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Track Inspector-Show Small Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Console-Show Icons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Console-Show Large Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Options-Icons-Console-Show Small Icons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140

Options-Icons-Synth Rack-Show Large Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140

Options-SoundFonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140

Options-Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Options-Initialization File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Options-Non-Destructive MIDI Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Options-Time Ruler Format-M:B:T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141

Options-Time Ruler Format-H:M:S:F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Options-Time Ruler Format-Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Options-Menu Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Options-Menu Layouts-[name of layout] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Options-Drum Map Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Options-Controllers/Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142

Options-ACT Learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Options-PRV Tool Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Window-Cascade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Window-Tile in Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Window-Tile in Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Window-Arrange Icons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

Help-Help Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144

Help-View README.RTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144

28 Table of Contents

Help-Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1144

Help-Tip of the Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1144

Help-Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1144

Help-SONAR on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1161

Help-Register Online. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1161

Help-Time Trial Activator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1162

Help-Cakewalk Problem Reporter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1162

Help-About SONAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1162

Delete Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1162

Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1162

Remove From Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1162

Set Start = Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1163

Set End = Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1163

Insert Audio Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1163

Insert MIDI Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1163

Hide Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1164

Set Snap-to = Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1164

90 dB Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1164

78 dB Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1164

60 dB Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1165

42 dB Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1165

24 dB Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1165

12 dB Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1165

Set As Current Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1165

Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1165

View Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1166

Set Loop Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1166

Select Loop Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1166

Set Punch Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1166

Loop On/Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1166

Set Punch Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1166

Select All Siblings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1167

Unlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1167

Select Punch Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1167

Snap Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1167

Set Snap Offset to Now Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1167

Table of Contents

29

Envelope-Create Track Envelope-Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167

Envelope-Create Track Envelope-Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168

Jump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168

Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168

Fast Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168

Slow Curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168

Drag and Drop Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Clip Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Track Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Regenerate Tablature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Export to ASCII TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Note Length-Whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169

Note Length-Half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Note Length-Quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Note Length-Eighth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Note Length-Sixteenth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Note Length-Thirty second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Note Length-Dotted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Note Length-Triplet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170

Mirror Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Rosewood Hi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Rosewood Lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Ebony Hi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Ebony Lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Maple Hi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Maple Lo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171

Show Previous Track(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Show Next Track(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Animate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Delete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Original Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Stretch to Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

Preserve Aspect Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

Integral Stretch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173

30 Table of Contents

Full Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1173

Time Display Format-M:B:T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1173

Time Display Format-SMPTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1174

Time Display Format-Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1174

Time Display Format-None . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1174

Time Display Format-Font. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1174

Background Color-Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1174

Background Color-White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1174

Video Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Add Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Reset Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Delete Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Key Aftertouch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1175

Patch Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1176

Channel Aftertouch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1176

Pitch Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1176

RPN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1176

NRPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1176

Sysx Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1176

Sysx Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1177

Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1177

Lyric. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1177

MCI Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1177

Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1177

Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1177

Hairpin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1178

Chord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1178

Event Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1178

Lock Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1178

Enable Floating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1179

Show Entire Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1179

Zoom tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1179

Fast Zoom Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1179

Previous Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1179

Table of Contents

31

Show All Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179

Track Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Record Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Playback Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Output Bus Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Record Meter Options-Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Record Meter Options-RMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180

Record Meter Options-Peak + RMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Record Meter Options-Show Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Record Meter Options-Hold Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Record Meter Options-Lock Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Playback Meter Options-Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Playback Meter Options-RMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

Playback Meter Options-Peak + RMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Playback Meter Options-Show Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Playback Meter Options-Hold Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Playback Meter Options-Lock Peaks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Output Bus Meter Options-Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Output Bus Meter Options-RMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182

Output Bus Meter Options-Peak + RMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Output Bus Meter Options-Show Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Output Bus Meter Options-Hold Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Output Bus Meter Options-Lock Peaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Playback Meter Options-Pre Fader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Output Bus Meter Options-Pre Fader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Playback Meter Options-Post Fader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183

Output Bus Meter Options-Post Fader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Output Bus Meter Options-Pre Fader Post FX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Default Fade-In Curve-Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Default Fade-In Curve-Fast Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Default Fade-In Curve-Slow Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Default Fade-Out Curve-Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184

Default Fade-Out Curve-Fast Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185

Default Fade-Out Curve-Slow Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185

Default Crossfade Curves-Linear Out - Linear In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185

Default Crossfade Curves-Fast Out - Fast In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185

32 Table of Contents

Default Crossfade Curves-Slow Out - Slow In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1185

Default Crossfade Curves-Fast Out - Slow In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1185

Default Crossfade Curves-Slow Out - Fast In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1186

Default Crossfade Curves-Linear Out - Fast In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1186

Default Crossfade Curves-Linear Out - Slow In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1186

Default Crossfade Curves-Fast Out - Linear In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1186

Default Crossfade Curves-Slow Out - Linear In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

Percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

dB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

Zoom Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

Show and Fit Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

Fit Tracks to Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

Fit Tracks and Buses to Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1187

Show only Selected Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Hide Selected Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Show All Tracks and Buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Undo View Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Redo View Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Show All Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Hide All Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Show Volume Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1188

Show Pan Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Show Bus Send Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Show Plug-in Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Show Automated Mute Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Show MIDI Envelopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Create Track Envelopes Using Linear Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1189

Use Pattern Velocities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1190

Use Pattern Polyphony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1190

Use Note Duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1190

Auto Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1190

Quarter Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1190

Quarter Note Triplet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1190

Eighth Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1191

Eighth Note Triplet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1191

Table of Contents

33

Sixteenth Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

Sixteenth Note Triplet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

32nd Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

32nd Note Triplet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

64th Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

Follow Snap Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Show/Hide Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Vertical FX Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Envelope Draw Tool-Freehand Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Envelope Draw Tool-Sine Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Envelope Draw Tool-Triangle Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Envelope Draw Tool-Square Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1192

Envelope Draw Tool-Saw Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

Envelope Draw Tool-Random Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

Save As Track Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

V-Vocal-Create V-Vocal Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

V-Vocal-Remove V-Vocal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

V-Vocal-Bypass All V-Vocal Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

V-Vocal-Bypass/Unbypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

V-Vocal-V-Vocal Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Pick Tracks Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Snap to Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Select Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Erase Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Draw Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Scrub tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Unlink Step Sequencer Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194

Convert MIDI Clip(s) To Step Sequencer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

Convert to Mono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

Open Clip Effects Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195

30 Beginner’s Guide to Cakewalk Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197

MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199

MIDI Channels, Interfaces, Inputs, and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200

MIDI Drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203

MIDI Files, Projects, Tracks, and Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204

Controlling Which Sounds You Hear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207

34 Table of Contents

Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1209

Audio Playback in Cakewalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1210

Tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1212

Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1214

Track-by-Track Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1216

Audio Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1217

Connecting an Instrument, Home Stereo, or Microphone to your

Sound Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1217

Choosing Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1224

Audio Hardware (Sound Cards) and Drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1227

Consumer and Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1227

How do I know if I have a hardware conflict? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1228

Installation and Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1229

31 Dialog Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235

About SONAR dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1235

Apply Audio Effects dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1235

Apply MIDI Effects dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1236

Assign Instruments dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1236

Assign Series of Inputs dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1238

Audio CD Burner dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1238

Audio Meter Settings dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1240

Audio Mixdown Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1241

Audio Options dialog—General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1242

Audio Options dialog—Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1245

Audio Options dialog—Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1249

Audio Options dialog—Driver Profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1249

AudioSnap Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1250

Automation Read/Write Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1251

Auto-Send Sysx dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1251

AVI Encoder Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1252

Bank Name dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1254

Bank Output dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1254

Bank/Patch Change dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1254

Bounce to Track(s) dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1255

Change Audio Format dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1258

Chord Fret Number dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1259

Chord Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1259

Table of Contents

35

Choose Track Type dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259

Chromatic Tuner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259

Clean Audio Folder dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1260

Clip Properties dialog—General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261

Clip Properties dialog—Audio Stretching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1263

Clip Properties dialog—Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267

Clone Track(s) dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267

Clip View Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1268

Complete Registration dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269

Configure Colors dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271

Controller/Surface Settings dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291

Controllers/Surfaces dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291

Convert MIDI To Shapes dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292

Convert MIDI Clip(s) To Step Sequencer dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293

Copy dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293

Create Fx Envelopes dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1294

Crossfade dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1295

Ctrl Surface Settings dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296

Customize Toolbars dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296

Cut dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297

Define Groove dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298

Define Instruments and Names dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298

Deglitch dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299

Delay dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299

Delete dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300

Delete dialog (with multiple selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301

Drag and Drop Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301

Drum Map Manager dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1302

Dump Request Macro needs your input—Channel/Unit Number . . . 1303
Dump Request Macro needs your input--Patch/Voice/Config Number1303

Duration dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303

Edit Node dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304

Edit System Exclusive Bytes dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304

Event Filter dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1305

Event Filter Select Some/Search/Replace dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1305

Event Manager dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307

36 Table of Contents

Export Audio dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1308

Export Color Set dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1312

Export MIDI Groove Clip dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1313

Export OMF dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1314

Expression Text Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1315

Export Track Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1315

Fade/Envelope dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1315

Fade Selected Clips dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1316

File Info dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1317

File Statistics dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1317

File Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1318

Find Missing Audio File dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1318

Fit to Time dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1319

Folder Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1320

Freeze Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1321

Gain dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1321

Global Options dialog—General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1322

Global Options dialog—Autosave and Versioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1325

Global Options dialog—Timecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1326

Global Options dialog—MIDI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1327

Global Options dialog—Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1328

Global Options dialog—Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1331

Global Options dialog—Nudge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1332

Global Options dialog—Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1333

Global Options dialog—VST Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1334

Go dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1335

Groove Quantize dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1336

Group Attributes dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1338

Group Manager dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1338

Hairpin Properties dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1340

Import Audio dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1341

Import Audio CD Tracks dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1342

Import Color Set dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1343

Import Instrument Definitions dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1344

Import MIDI dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1344

Import Video File dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1345

Table of Contents

37

Initialization File Settings dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347

Input Quantize dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1348

Insert Pitch Change dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349

Insert Series of Controllers dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350

Insert Series of Tempos dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350

Insert Soft Synth Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1351

Insert Time/Measures dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1353

Insert Tracks dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354

Interpolate and Event Filter dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354

Key Bindings dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355

Kind of Event dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357

Length dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357

Loop/Auto Shuttle dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358

Lyric Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359

Map Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359

Marker dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1360

Markers dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361

Measure Beat/Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361

Menu Editor dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361

Meter/Key Signature dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1362

Microsoft Media Format Encode Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1362

MIDI Devices dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363

MIDI Envelope dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365

MIDI Event Type dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365

MIDI Input Presets dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365

Migrate Cakewalk Preferences dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1366

Missing Plug-ins dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367

MP3 Export Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367

New Global Layout dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369

New Project File dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369

No MIDI Inputs—SONAR dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370

No MIDI Outputs—SONAR dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370

Normalize dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370

Note Names Dialog dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371

Note Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371

Online Registration dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1372

38 Table of Contents

Open dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1372

Open Groove File dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1372

Paste dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1373

Patch Browser dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1375

Pattern Velocity dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1376

Pedal Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1376

Percent Done dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1377

Percussion Notation Key dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1377

Pick Track(s) dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1378

Print dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1378

Print Preview dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1379

Print Setup dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1380

Project Files dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1380

Project Options dialog—Clock tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1382

Project Options dialog—Metronome tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1383

Project Options dialog—MIDI Out tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1384

Project Options dialog—Sync tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1385

Project Options dialog—Surround tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1386

PRV Tool Configuration dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1389

Quantize dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1396

Fast Zoom Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1398

Reassign Envelopes dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1398

Receive System Exclusive dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1399

Record Options dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1399

Regenerate Tablature dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1400

Remote Control dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1402

Remove DC Offset dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1404

Remove Silence dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1404

Rename Existing Layout dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406

Rename Toolbar dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406

Retain Cakewalk Preferences dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406

Revert dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1407

Safe Mode dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1407

Save As dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1407

Scale Defaults dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1409

Scale Manager dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1410

Table of Contents

39

Scale Velocity dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411

Search for Missing Audio dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1412

Select By Time dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1412

Select Fretboard Track dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1412

Set Timecode at Now Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413

Slide dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413

Snap Scale Settings dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414

Snap to Grid dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414

SONAR Quick Start dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416

Sort Tracks dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417

SoundFont Banks dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418

SoundFont Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420

Split Clips dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420

Staff View Layout dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1421

Staff View Print Configure dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1422

Step Record dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423

Step Size dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425

SurroundBridge Plug-in Linker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425

Sysx Bank Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426

Tablature Settings dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426

Tempo dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1428

Tip of the Day dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1428

Toolbars dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429

Track Bank dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429

Track Channel dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429

Track Inputs dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1430

Track Key+ dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1430

Track Manager dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431

Track Name dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431

Track Outputs dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431

Track Pan dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1432

Track Patch dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1432

Track Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433

Track Template Import Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1434

Track Time+ dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435

Track Vel+ dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435

40 Table of Contents

Track Volume dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1436

Transpose dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1436

Undo History dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1437

Unlink Clips dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1438

Unpack Bundle dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1439

Unpack OMF dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1439

Unreadable Files dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1440

Video Export dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1441

Video Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1441

Widget Tab Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1443

Window Layouts dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1444

Windows Media Format Encode Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1445

WMV Encoder Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1446

32 View Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1447

Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1447

SONAR Empty View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1457

Piano Roll View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1457

Piano Roll View Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1458

Note Map Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1461

Drum Grid Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1461

Notes Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1462

Controller pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1462

Track List pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1462

Step Sequencer View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1462

Step Sequencer Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1464

Event List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1470

Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1471

The Staff View Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1472

Synth Rack View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1475

Lyrics view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1478

Console View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1478

Video View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1484

Tempo View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1486

Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1488

Markers View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1488

SYSX View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1489

Big Time View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1489

Table of Contents

41

Loop Construction view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1489

Loop Explorer View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1494

Tree View Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1494

Contents List Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495

Navigator View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495

Play List View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495

Surround Panner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1496

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1499

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519

42 Table of Contents

Getting Started

If you want to get up and running quickly, see the following topics:

Tutori als—A set of tutorials tailored to learning specific tasks in
SONAR. If you are new to Cakewalk products, you may want to start
at Tutorial 1. If you have used previous versions of Cakewalk, or you
want to do a specific task, choose from the following tutorials:

• Tutorial 1—The Basics

• Tutorial 2—Recording MIDI

• Tutorial 3—Recording Digital Audio

• Tutorial 4—Editing MIDI

• Tutorial 5—Editing Audio

• Tutorial 6—Using Groove Clips

• Tutorial 7—Mixing

• Tutorial 8—Using Soft Synths

• Tutorial 9—Drum Maps

• Tutorial 10—Cyclone Soft Synth

Glossary—A list of defined terms.

Introduction—An overview of SONAR’s features and functionality.

Troubleshooting—Answers to some frequently asked questions.

New Features in SONAR 7—Descriptions of new features in

SONAR 7.

1-43

1-44

Introduction

SONAR is a professional tool for authoring sound and music on your personal computer.
It’s designed for musicians, composers, arrangers, audio and production engineers,
multimedia and game developers, and recording engineers. SONAR supports Wave,
MP3, ACIDized waves, WMA, AIFF and other popular formats, providing all the tools you
need to do professional-quality work rapidly and efficiently.

SONAR is more than an integrated MIDI and digital audio authoring software package—
it’s an expandable platform that can function as the central nervous system of your
recording studio. With drivers for common high-end audio hardware, full support for audio
plug-ins, software synthesizers, StudioWare, MFX MIDI plug-ins, and MIDI Machine
Control (MMC) of external MIDI gear, SONAR can handle your most demanding projects.

About SONAR

SONAR is the flagship product of the Cakewalk line of integrated MIDI and digital audio
sequencers for the Windows platform. SONAR has a comprehensive feature set that
makes it the single most productive tool for sound and music authoring. Here are some of
the ways you can use SONAR.

Next topic: Music Composition and Exploration.

Music Composition and Exploration

SONAR is a powerful music-composition application, providing tools to record your own
musical performances; enhance or improve the quality of those performances; and edit,
arrange, and experiment with the music. With a few simple clicks of the mouse, you can
arrange, orchestrate, and audition your composition. Fully integrated sequencing allows
you to combine the convenience and flexibility of MIDI composition with the high-quality
sound and subtlety of digital audio sound recording and reproduction. Change the feel of a
piece by locking it to a musical groove, or add delicate delays, anticipations, or echoes
that add richness to the music.

SONAR displays and lets you edit your music using standard musical notation and guitar
tablature, so you can adjust individual notes, add performance markings, and print

individual parts or full scores. You can graphically draw tempo and volume
changes, or add lyrics to display on-screen or to include with printed
scores.

Next topic: Remixing.

Remixing

SONAR’s Groove clips allow you to import, create, export and edit loops,
making it possible to quickly change tempos and keys for an entire project.
The Loop Explorer view lets you preview loops in the project’s tempo and
key before dragging and dropping them onto a track.

Next topic: Game Sound Development.

Game Sound Development

There’s no better tool than SONAR for composing music for electronic
games. Clip-based sequencing lets you create and reuse musical themes
freely, so you can associate musical sections with game characters,
locations, objects, and actions. Your creations can be saved and replayed
using the compact MIDI file format, which adapts its sound automatically to
the target hardware for the best possible sound reproduction.

Next topic: Sound Production and Engineering.

Sound Production and Engineering

If you want to produce music CDs or master tapes, SONAR has virtually
everything you need from recording to mixing and mastering. Multichannel
recording lets you capture studio or live performances track by track.
Reconfigurable buses provide full control over your mix. Real-time stereo
effects like chorus, flange, reverb, and delay/echo can be applied as track
inserts, in effects loops, or to the master mix. SONAR supports 44.1 KHz
sampling for CD-quality sound, 24-bit/96 kHz sound for DVD-quality sound,
and lets you choose from lower or higher sample rates as well. All audio
effects are 32-bit floating point for faster processing and high-quality sound
reproduction. Many effects now support 64-bit processing for pristine
quality.

Next topic: Web Authoring.

Web Authoring

SONAR is the ideal tool for developing and producing music and sound for
the World Wide Web, because it lets you save your work in the formats that
are most commonly used on web sites: MIDI, MP3, and Windows Media
Advanced Streaming Format. Any SONAR project—musical composition,

46 Introduction

About SONAR

audio clip, commercial spot, jingle with voice-over—can be stored in a web­compatible format with a few simple mouse clicks.

Next topic: Film and Video Scoring and Production.

Film and Video Scoring and Production

SONAR has many of the tools you need to execute audio post-production
projects quickly and efficiently. SONAR provides chase lock sync to time
code for frame-by-frame accuracy when synchronizing audio or MIDI to film
or video. Or, you can turn chase lock off to conserve CPU power. SONAR
provides high-quality time stretching and sample-accurate editing with zero­crossing detection so you can make the fine adjustments you need very
quickly and easily. In addition, SONAR’s support for video files gives you
convenient synchronized access to digitized video, making film and video
scoring easier than ever.

Next topic: Publishing Music on the Internet.

Publishing Music on the Internet

Cakewalk Publisher allows you to easily present and share your music
online. With Cakewalk Publisher, you can create a customized streaming
music player with a playlist of your music, upload it to your personal or
band's website, and embed it in any other website. You can also update
your playlist with album art, links (URLs), and artist, track, & album
information.

Next topic: Burning Audio CDs.

Burning Audio CDs

SONAR has integrated Audio CD burning, which allows you to write your
audio tracks to an audio CD that can be played in any standard CD player.

Next topic: Flexibility.

Flexibility

SONAR works the way you want to work—you can customize screen
layouts, toolbars, and audio and MIDI system configurations to make your
work more efficient. SONAR integrates with other sound editing tools so
you can access them in an instant without leaving SONAR. There are
custom software modules to support specialized audio devices from Roland
and Yamaha. SONAR’s unique StudioWare technology provides software
interfaces for common studio hardware.

Next topic: SONAR Basics.

Introduction

About SONAR

47

Computers, Sound, and Music

This section provides some background on the different ways that
computers store and play sound and music. Computers work with sound
and music in two different forms: MIDI and digital audio.

Next topic: MIDI.

MIDI

MIDI (short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is the way computers
communicate with most sound cards, keyboards, and other electronic
instruments. MIDI refers to both the type of cables and plugs used to
connect the computers and instruments, and to the language those
computers and instruments use to talk to each other. The MIDI standard is
accepted and used worldwide. Almost any electronic instrument you buy
today will have MIDI connectors and can be used with other MIDI
instruments and with your computer’s MIDI interface. To record MIDI in
SONAR, you have to have a MIDI cable connecting the MIDI OUT port on
your MIDI instrument to a MIDI IN port on either your sound card or your
MIDI interface. You must also make sure that you have installed the
software MIDI driver that came with your sound card or MIDI interface.

The MIDI language conveys information and instructions, both from the
computer to the instrument and from the instrument to the computer. For
example, if your computer wants your keyboard to play a note, it sends a
MIDI “Note On” message and tells the keyboard which note to play. When
your computer wants the keyboard to stop playing that note, it sends
another message that stops the note from playing.

The MIDI language has many other instructions, such as messages to
change the sound that is used to play the notes (the bank and patch),
messages that enable working with the sustain pedal and the pitch-bend
wheel, and others. By sending the right messages at the right times, your
computer can control your electronic instrument and make it play music.

MIDI information can be sent on 16 different channels. You can set up your
MIDI equipment to listen for messages on all channels or on only a few.

MIDI files contain all the MIDI messages and timing information that are
needed to play a song. MIDI files can be read and played by many different
programs, including SONAR, and can even be played by programs on other
types of computers. MIDI files have the extension .

There are several important advantages of the MIDI format:

• Large amounts of music can be stored in a very compact form

48 Introduction

Computers, Sound, and Music

MID.

• Different parts of a piece can easily be assigned to any instrument you
can imagine

• The music contains information on notes, tempos, and key signatures
that makes it possible to display and edit the piece using standard
musical notation

The primary disadvantage of MIDI is that the quality of the sound a listener
hears will vary depending on the MIDI equipment the listener is using. For
example, MIDI usually sounds much better on an expensive synthesizer
than it does on an inexpensive sound card.

Next topic: Digital Audio.

Digital Audio

Digital audio (frequently referred to here as just “audio”) is a simple way to
record and play sounds of any type. It works like a tape recorder—you
record something, then later play it back. Digital audio stores the sound as a
long series of numbers. To record audio in SONAR, you have to have an
audio cable connecting the audio output of your electronic instrument to the
audio input on your sound card or audio hardware. If you’re recording
vocals or an acoustic instrument, you need to connect a microphone to the
audio input on your sound card or audio hardware.

Sound Waves

Sound waves are vibrations in the air. Sound waves are generated by
anything that vibrates; a vibrating object causes the air next to it to vibrate,
and the vibration is passed through the air in all directions. When the
vibrating air enters your ear, it makes your eardrum vibrate, and you hear a
sound. Likewise, if the vibrating air hits a microphone, it causes the
microphone to vibrate and send electrical signals to whatever it's connected
to.

These vibrations are very fast. The slowest vibration frequency you can
hear is about 20 vibrations per second, and the fastest is around 16,000 to
20,000 vibrations per second.

Recording Digital Audio

To record digital audio, your computer monitors the electrical signal
generated by a microphone, an electric guitar, or another source. At equal
intervals of time (for CD-quality sound, this means 44,100 times a second),
the computer measures and saves the strength of the electrical signal from
the microphone, on a scale from 0 to 65,535.

Introduction

Computers, Sound, and Music

49

That's it. Digital audio data is just a long series of numbers. The computer
sends these numbers, in the form of electrical signals, to a speaker. The
speaker then vibrates and generates the same sound that was recorded.

The primary advantage of digital audio is the quality of the sound. Unlike
MIDI, a digital audio recording is very rich, capturing all the nuances,
overtones, and other characteristics of the sound exactly as performed. The
main drawback of digital audio is that it takes up a lot of disk space. To
record a 1-minute segment of stereo, CD-quality digital audio, you need
about 10 megabytes of disk space.

On the PC, digital audio is usually stored in Wave files (extension .wav).
There are many programs available that let you create, play, and edit these
files. SONAR reads, writes, and lets you edit Wave files.

Next topic: Setup

Setup

You can install SONAR on any computer that runs Windows XP or x64 and
has a sound card or built-in sound module. If you want to hook up other
devices, like a MIDI keyboard, an electric guitar, or a microphone, you need
the right cables, and you need to find the right connectors on your
computer.

Before you install SONAR, take a minute to register the software so we can
let you know when updates become available and provide you with
technical support. To register anytime log onto http://www.cakewalk.com/
register, or call 888-CAKEWALK (U.S.) or +(617)-423-9004 (outside the
U.S.) between 9 AM and 8 PM Eastern Standard Time. If you live outside of
North America, please visit our distributor’s page at www.cakewalk.com/
Dealers/International.asp to get the telephone number of your local
distributor. You’ll need to supply your serial number, your name, and a valid
email address.

To connect a MIDI keyboard to your computer, you need standard MIDI
cables or a MIDI adapter cable (joystick connector), such as the one
available in Cakewalk’s PC Music Pack. One end of the adapter cable
should have two 5-pin DIN connectors that connect to your keyboard or
other MIDI device. At the other end, you need a 15-pin connector to
connect to a sound card through its MIDI/joystick port.

If you have a dedicated MIDI interface, lots of electronic music gear, or
work with many different music software packages, see the online help
topic “Hardware Setup.”

50 Introduction

Setup

Before you attach or detach any cables from your computer, you should
shut down your computer and turn off the power to all your equipment. This
greatly reduces the chance of electrical damage to your equipment while
plugging and unplugging cables.

User Accounts

Previous versions of SONAR required a user to have Windows
Administrator status. This is no longer the case. Any level of user can now
install and run SONAR. Only one copy of SONAR per machine is necessary
for multiple users to run SONAR with each user’s personal settings.

There is now also a new folder structure for personal settings (presets, .ini
files, etc.). Each user account gets its own Application Data folder (this
folder is called App Data in Vista). The first time SONAR is launched under
a new user account, a new application data folder is created for that
account, and all the data in the C:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Application Data\Cakewalk folder is copied to the new user account’s
application data folder—C:\Documents and Settings\<user
name>\Application Data\Cakewalk. For Vista users the folders are
C:\Progarm Data\Cakewalk and C:\Users\<user
name>\AppData\Roaming\Cakewalk.

Data in the Program FIles folder will be common to all users.

Next topic: Audio Connections

Audio Connections

There are several types of audio interfaces (soundcards). CardBus (PCI),
USB/USB2 and FireWire are the most common. Laptops can use an audio
PCMCIA card. Many audio interfaces also have MIDI inputs and some have
built in MIDI synthesizers as well. This section covers the various audio
connection options.

Analog and Digital Inputs

There are two basic types of audio inputs, analog and digital. Analog inputs
allow you to connect a guitar, mic or other instrument to your computer
directly. The audio interface converts the analog input to digital. Digital
inputs allow other digital devices to connect directly to your computer.
Common digital inputs include external analog to digital converters, popular
guitar processors like the Line 6 POD, and other digital recording systems
like the ADAT decks. Analog inputs are very common, and are standard in
virtually all consumer sound cards (the ones that come with your PC).
Digital inputs are becoming more popular and are very common on
professional and mid-level, “prosumer” interfaces. Analog inputs allow you
to record a mono or stereo signal (assuming you have a stereo input) while

Introduction

Setup

51

digital inputs allow you to record 1 to 8 signals depending on the type of
digital connection.

The following table describes the various analog inputs and outputs:

Type of analog input/

Description…

output...

Balanced (XLR, phono or RCA) a mono input/output

Unbalanced (TRS) a stereo or mono input/output

The following table describes the various digital inputs and outputs:

Type of digital input/

Description…

output...

S/PDIF Sony/Philips Digital Interface—capable

of carrying a stereo signal, S/PDIF is
transmitted via RCA, Toslink or more
rarely BNC jacks (single-pin cable-TV
connections)

ADAT Lightpipe Up to 8 channels of simultaneous

transfer. If you want to import your old
ADAT material without any signal
degradation, this is the connection you
should use.

TDIF Tascam Digital Interface—up to 8

AES/EBU Often referred to as simply AES, this

Read your hardware documentation carefully to determine what kind of
digital connections, if any, you have on your audio interface.

52 Introduction

Setup

channels of simultaneous transfer.

type of digital connection uses a
modified XLR cable to transfer a stereo
signal.

To Connect an Electric Guitar or Keyboard to Your
Computer

• If your sound card has a 1/8 inch input jack (built-in sound cards that
come with your PC usually do), plug your 1/4” mono guitar or audio
cable into a 1/8” stereo adapter, and then plug the 1/8” adapter into the
microphone input or line input jack on your computer sound card. If you
are connecting a keyboard, the audio cable must go from the
keyboard’s audio out or line out jack to the sound card input jack. 1/8”
stereo adapters are available at consumer electronic supply stores.

Or

• If you use a professional or “prosumer” sound card, there is probably a
1/4 inch input jack on your sound card or audio hardware interface that
you can plug your guitar cable or audio cable into.

To Connect a Microphone to Your Computer

• If your sound card has a 1/8 inch input jack (built-in sound cards that
come with your PC usually do), and your microphone cable has a 1/4”
plug on the end, plug the mic cable into a 1/8” stereo adapter, and then
plug the 1/8” adapter into the microphone input jack on your computer
sound card. 1/8” stereo adapters are available at consumer electronic
supply stores.

• If you use a professional or “prosumer” sound card, there is probably a
1/4 inch input jack on your sound card or audio hardware interface that
you can plug your mic cable into.

• If your mic has a cable with an XLR plug on the end, and your sound
card or audio hardware interface has a 1/4 inch input jack, plug the mic
cable into an XLR-to-quarter inch adapter, and then plug your mic cable
into your audio hardware. If your audio hardware has an XLR input, of
course it’s better to use that.

• You can also plug your mic into a mixer or pre-amp, and connect the
mixer or pre-amp to an input jack on your audio hardware. This is
usually the best method.

That's it! Now that your instruments are all set to go, you can restart your
computer and turn on your keyboard, guitar, and microphone.

For a complete description of audio input options, see the online help topic
“Hardware Setup.”

Next topic: MIDI Connections

Introduction

Setup

53

MIDI Connections

Standard MIDI cable—use this if your MIDI interface has standard 5-pin input and output
ports

There are three types of MIDI cables in common use. Here’s how to
connect each of the three types:

• USB cable—this is extremely common. Many electronic keyboards and
stand-alone MIDI interfaces use this type of connection. To use this
type of connection, simply plug one end of the USB cable into the USB
jack on your MDI keyboard or stand-alone MIDI interface, and plug the
other end into your computer. If you are using a stand-alone USB MIDI
interface, you then need to connect standard MIDI cables between your
MIDI keyboard and your stand-alone MIDI interface (see the next
procedure, below). If you haven’t already installed the software MIDI
driver that came with your keyboard or interface, make sure you do so.

• Standard MIDI cable—this is also very common. MIDI keyboards
usually have jacks for these cables even if they have a USB
connection. You need two of these cables. To use this type of cable,
use one cable to connect the MIDI OUT jack on your MIDI instrument to
the MIDI IN jack on your stand-alone MIDI interface or sound card, and
one to connect the MIDI IN jack on your MIDI instrument to the MIDI
OUT jack on your stand-alone MIDI interface or sound card. Many
stand-alone MIDI interfaces and audio interfaces use this type of
connector.

• Joystick connector—this is becoming less common. This is the type of
connection seen on older SoundBlaster type sound cards. To use this
type of connection, find the end of one of the MIDI cables that is labeled
OUT. Plug this connector into the MIDI IN jack on your electronic
keyboard. The other 5-pin connector on the MIDI cable is labeled IN.
Plug this connector into the MIDI OUT jack on your electronic
keyboard. Plug the 15-pin connector on the MIDI cable into the MIDI/
joystick port on your sound card. If you have a joystick, unplug it, plug in

54 Introduction

Setup

the MIDI cable, and plug the joystick into the pass-through connector on

Joystick connector—use this if your MIDI interface is the joystick port on your sound card.

A

B

C

the MIDI cable.

A. Insert this MIIDI IN plug into the MIDI OUT port on your MIDI instrument B. Insert
this MIIDI OUT plug into the MIDI IN port on your MIDI instrument C. Insert this plug
into the joystick port on your sound card

Starting SONAR

There are many different ways to start SONAR. Here are a few:

• Double-click the SONAR icon on your desktop.

• Click the Start button, and choose Programs-Cakewalk-SONAR 6

(Studio Edition or Producer Edition)-SONAR 6 (Studio Edition or
Producer Edition).

• Click the Start button, point to Documents, and choose a SONAR
project from the menu.

• Double-click the SONAR program or any SONAR document from the
Windows Explorer or the Find menu.

When starting SONAR, you will see the Quick Start dialog box.

Introduction

Starting SONAR

55

The Quick Start dialog box has several options:

Option... How to use it…

Open a Project Choose a project from the Open File

dialog box to open it

Open a Recent Project Select a project from the list, and click

this button to open it

Create a New Project Click here to create a new project.

Getting Started Click here to view the Getting Started

topic in the help file. This topic has
links to a glossary of terms, as well as
some basic procedures.

If you don’t want to see the Quick Start dialog box in the future, uncheck the
box at the bottom of the dialog box, and click Close. You can see the Quick
Start dialog box later by choosing Help-Quick Start.

Migrating Preferences

If you have a previous version of Cakewalk installed, SONAR will detect it
and give you the option of migrating certain preferences from a single
earlier version.

When you choose to migrate preferences, SONAR migrates the following
settings from an earlier Cakewalk version:

56 Introduction

Starting SONAR

Setting... Description…

Global Options Settings in the Global Options dialog.

Open by selecting Options-Global.

Key Bindings Your customized key bindings for

controlling SONAR using your MIDI
keyboard or computer keyboard.

Instrument Definitions Files used to control specific MIDI

instruments.

Audio data directory (WaveData
folder) and Picture Cache
directory locations

SONAR uses the Data directory and
Picture Cache directories from the
previous Cakewalk version for storing
project wave files and their waveform
image files.

Running Wave Profiler

The first time you start SONAR, it automatically runs the Wave Profiler
utility. Wave Profiler determines the proper MIDI and Audio timings for your
sound card and writes them to a file that SONAR refers to when using the
card. Wave Profiler does not change the sound card’s DMA, IRQ, or port
address settings.

Wave Profiler detects the make and model of your sound card, which
determine the card’s audio characteristics. If Wave Profiler finds a card that
has a WDM driver, it only profiles that card. If you want to use more than
one sound card at a time, and they don’t both have WDM drivers, you must
force the one with the WDM driver to use that driver as an older, MME
driver. It is not necessary to run the Wave Profiler for a sound card using an
ASIO driver. For more information about Wave Profiler, WDM, and MME,
see the online help topic The Wave Profiler When Wave Profiler determines
the kind of card you have, always accept the default settings.

Note: You can run the Wave Profiler again at a later time (for example, if
you install a new sound card or driver) by choosing the Options-Audio
General tab command and clicking Wave Profiler.

Setting Up the MIDI In and MIDI Out Devices

When you start SONAR for the first time, it checks your computer to find all
the MIDI input and output devices you have installed (such as sound cards

Introduction

Starting SONAR

57

and MIDI interfaces). However, sometimes you need to tell SONAR exactly
which devices you want it to use. If you’re not getting sound from your
sound card or MIDI keyboard, or if you just want to change the MIDI outputs
and devices that you are using, follow the steps in this section.

Choose Options-MIDI Devices to open a dialog box in which you select
the MIDI In and MIDI Out devices that SONAR will use. Each item in the list
is a MIDI Input or MIDI Output from drivers installed using the Windows
Control Panel.

1. Select Options-MIDI Devices. You will see the MIDI Devices dialog
box, which lets you choose instruments on MIDI inputs and outputs.

2. Look at the top window. Notice that it shows devices on MIDI Inputs;
make sure that all devices in this window are checked. If a device isn’t
checked, click on it once to select it for MIDI Input.

3. Look at the window on the bottom. Notice that it shows devices on MIDI
Outputs. SONAR numbers its MIDI Outputs by the order of the devices
in this window. The device on top is on Output 1, the one below it is on
Output 2, and so on.

4. Check one device at a time in the Outputs window and click Move
Selected Devices to Top to change its order. Then check all the devices
that appear in the window to select them for output.

58 Introduction

Starting SONAR

Tip: Be sure to enable (check) MIDI output devices in the MIDI Devices
dialog (use the Options-MIDI Devices command). If you don’t do this, you
won’t hear any of your MIDI instruments when you play songs in SONAR.

See MIDI Devices dialog.

Using MIDI Devices After Making Driver Changes

If you later add or remove drivers using the Drivers icon of the Windows
Control Panel, SONAR reacts in the following way:

• If you remove a Control Panel driver, SONAR will not use the device it
belongs to the next time you run the program. Any other devices you
had selected using the Options-MIDI Devices command will remain
selected.

• If you add a driver through the Control Panel, SONAR does not
automatically use it. You must use the Options-MIDI Devices
command to enable the new driver in SONAR’s list.

Note: After you add or remove a driver with the Drivers icon in the Windows
Control Panel, you must restart Windows for the change to take effect.

Defining Your MIDI Instrument or Sound Card

Once you have selected your MIDI Input and Output devices, SONAR, by
default, plays back MIDI sequences using a General MIDI instrument
definition. If you are using a synthesizer or sound card that does not adhere
to the General MIDI standard, you may want to define that instrument. See
the online help topic: Instrument Definitions for more information.

SONAR Basics

SONAR’s menus and toolbars give you quick access to all the features of
SONAR. Some menu choices and tools display dialog boxes that let you
choose among various options, or type in the values you want. If you click in
most views, in time rulers, or on certain other items with the right mouse
button, you see a popup menu that provides quick access to many common
operations.

The project is the center of your work in SONAR. If you’re a musician, a
project might contain a song, a jingle, or a movement of a symphony. If
you’re a post-production engineer, a project might contain a 30-second
radio commercial or a lengthy soundtrack for a film or videotape production.
By default, every project is stored in a file (known as a project file). The
normal file extension for a SONAR work file is .

Introduction

SONAR Basics

CWP.

59

SONAR organizes the sound and music in your project into tracks, clips,
and events.

Tracks are used to store the sound or music made by each instrument or
voice in a project. For example, a song that is arranged for four instruments
and one vocalist may have 5 tracks—one for each instrument and one for
the vocals. Each project can have an unlimited number of tracks. Some of
these tracks may be used in your finished project, while others can hold
alternate takes, backup tracks, and variations that you might want to keep
for future use. Each track can be made up of one or many clips.

Clips are the pieces of sound and music that make up your tracks. A clip
might contain a horn solo, a drum break, a bass or guitar riff, a voice-over, a
sound effect like the hoot of an owl, or an entire keyboard performance. A
track can contain a single clip or dozens of different clips, and you can
easily move clips from one track to another.

Groove clips are audio clips which have tempo and pitch information
embedded within them, allowing them to follow changes to the project
tempo or project pitch. You can click on either edge of a Groove clip and
drag out repetitions in the track.

Events are MIDI data (in MIDI tracks) or automation data.

See:

SONAR File Types

Opening a File

Views

Working on a Project

SONAR File Types

Projects in SONAR can be saved as a project file with the extension .CWP or
as a Bundle file with the extension .

For a complete description of the differences between project files and
bundle files, see the online help topic Project Files and Bundle Files.

Other Types of Files

SONAR lets you create and work with several other types of files, in
addition to project (.

60 Introduction

SONAR Basics

CWB.

CWP) and bundle (.CWB) files that store your projects:

File type… Description…

MIDI files (extension .MID) Standard MIDI files.

Template files (extension .

StudioWare (extension
.CAKEWALKSTUDIOWARE)

OMF (extension .

OMF) Open Media Framework format files.

TPL) Templates for new files you create

To control external MIDI devices from
SONAR

Opening a File

Use the following procedure to open a file.

To Open a File in SONAR

1. If you haven't already done so, start SONAR.

2. Choose File-Open.

3. In the Open dialog box, navigate to the directory where the project you
want to open is located and select it.

4. Click the Open button.

5. If you are opening an OMF file, the Unpack OMF dialog appears. Set
the initial tempo and specify the directory where you want to save the
file and its audio. For more information about opening OMF files, see
Unpack OMF dialog in the online help.

SONAR loads the project.

See:

Working on a Project

Views

SONAR displays your project in windows on the screen that are known as
views. You can have many views open at once, all showing the same
project. When you edit a project in one view, the other related views are
updated automatically.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

61

The Track View

AB

I

C

DE

F

G

H

The Track view is the main window that you use to create, display, and
work with a project. When you open a project file, SONAR displays the
Track view for the project. When you close the Track view for a project,
SONAR closes the file.

The Track view is divided into several sections: toolbars (at the top), the

Navigator pane, the Video Thumbnails pane (Producer Edition only), the
Track pane, the Track/Bus Inspector, the Clips pane, and the Bus pane.

You can change the size of the panes by dragging the vertical or horizontal
splitter bars that separate them.

A. The Track Pane B. The Clips Pane C. Clips D. Splitter bars E. Show/hide bus
pane F. Track/Bus Inspector G. Minimized tracks H. Expanded track I. The Video
Thumbnails Pane

All of the current track’s controls, plus a few that are only available in the
Console view, are contained in the Track/Bus Inspector which is an
expanded version of the current track’s controls located on the far left side
of the Track view. You can hide or show the Track/Bus Inspector by

62 Introduction

SONAR Basics

pressing i on your keyboard (see Track/Bus Inspector, for more
information).

The Track pane lets you see and change the initial settings for each track.
By default, the current track is displayed in gold. To change the current
track, move the highlight using the mouse or the keyboard as follows:

Key… What it does…

Left/Right Arrow Moves the highlight to the next or

previous control.

Up/Down Arrow Moves to the same control in the

adjacent track, or the next track of the
same type if the control only applies to
a specific track type (for example, the
Patch control only applies to MIDI
tracks).

Page Down Displays the next page of tracks.

Page Up Displays the previous page of tracks.

Home Moves the focus to the first track.

End Moves the focus to the last track.

The current track’s controls are contained in the Track/Bus Inspector.

The Clips pane shows the clips in your project on a horizontal timeline
called the Time Ruler that helps you visualize how your project is organized.
Clips contain markings that indicate their contents. The Clips pane lets you
select, move, cut and copy clips from place to place to change the
arrangement of music and sound in your project.

The Bus pane shows the buses in the project, and also shows any editing
views that are in tabbed (docked) format. The Show/Hide Bus pane button

allows you to show or hide the Bus pane at the bottom of the Track view.

The Navigator pane displays a large part of your project so you can see an
overview of your song. The Navigator pane displays all of your project’s
tracks.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

63

The Track view makes it easy to select tracks, clips, and ranges of time in a
project. These are the most common selection methods:

To… Do this…

Select tracks Click on the track number, or drag over

several track numbers

Select clips Click on the clip, or drag a rectangle

around several clips

Select time ranges Drag in the Time Ruler, or click

between two markers

Select partial clips Hold down the Alt key while dragging

over a clip

As with most other Windows programs, you can also use the Shift-click and
Ctrl-click combinations when selecting tracks and clips. Holding the Shift
key while you click adds tracks or clips to the current selection. Holding the
Ctrl key while you click lets you toggle the selection status of tracks or clips.
For more information, see Track View and Configuring the Display of
Tracks in the Track View.

Track/Bus Inspector

The Track/Bus Inspector makes it easy to adjust the current track’s (or
bus’s) controls, because it’s a greatly expanded version of the current
track’s controls that is located on the left side of the Track pane.

In addition to the controls that a track or bus displays in the Track view, the
Track/Bus Inspector also contains a built-in 4-band EQ. See the online help
topic “Using the Per-track EQ” for more information.

The following graphic shows most of the Track/Bus Inspector’s controls
(there may not be room to display all of a track’s controls on the Track/Bus
Inspector, depending on the resolution of your monitor):

64 Introduction

SONAR Basics

Track/Bus Inspector for an Audio Track Track/Bus Inspector for a MIDI

Track

Most controls
can be shown
or hidden.

E

I

J

F

G
H

D

A

B
C

A. Audio icon B. Output routing C. Track name D. Display menu E. Module menu
F. MIDI icon G. Output routing H. Track name I. Display menu J. Module menu

You can hide or show any of the Track/Bus Inspector’s controls, and use it
to display the controls from any track or bus. The following table shows you
how:

Introduction

SONAR Basics

65

To do this… Do this…

Hide or show the Track/Bus
Inspector

Display a certain track’s or bus’s
controls in the Track/Bus Inspector

Hide or show any of the Track/Bus
Inspector’s controls

Reassign MIDI controller sliders in a
MIDI Track’s Fx bin

Display the parameters of a different
automatable effect

Assign a control to a group, arm it for
automation, take an automation
snapshot, or set up remote control

Bypass the FX bin Right-click the FX bin and choose Bypass

Press i on your keyboard.

Click the track or bus to make it current, or
choose the track or bus in the track/bus
dropdown menu that’s at the bottom of the
Track/Bus Inspector.

Click the Display menu or Module menu,
and choose options.

Note: you can not display a MIDI track’s
Time + or Key + controls in the Track/Bus
Inspector.

Right-click the slider you want to reassign
and choose Reassign Control from the
popup menu, choose the new parameter,
and click OK.

Click the name of the effect you want to
select.

Right-click the control and choose options
from the popup menu.

Bin from the popup menu.

The Console View

The Console view is where you can mix the sounds on all the different
tracks to create the final mix of your project. While the Track view provides
most of the same controls, you may want to use the more familiar interface
of the Console view for mixing.

You use the Console view to adjust the levels of sound for the different
tracks in your project, to change the stereo panning, and to apply real-time
effects to an individual track, combinations of tracks, or the final mix.

The Console view contains several groups of controls. There is one module
for each track in your project, and one module for each bus. You can use
bus sends to direct certain tracks to special modules that are known as
buses.

66 Introduction

SONAR Basics

A. Audio module B. MIDI module C. MIDI velocity D. Bus out E. Main out F. Show/

ABC

D

E

F

G

H

hide strip controls buttons G. Widen all strips H. Show/hide for tracks, buses, mains

As in the Track view, you can change track settings or record new music or
sound in the Console view. You may choose to use one view or the other,
or the choice you make may depend on which project you are working on.

Other Views

SONAR has a number of other views you can use to display and work on
your project. To display these views, select one or more tracks, by Ctrl­clicking their track numbers and:

• Click the icon for the view in the Views toolbar

Or

• Choose the view you want from the View menu

The Piano Roll view : shows the notes from a MIDI track or tracks as
they would appear on a player-piano roll. You can move the notes around,
make them longer or shorter, and change their pitches by just dragging
them with the mouse. You can also use the Piano Roll view to display and
edit MIDI velocity, controllers, and other types of information. The Piano
Roll view also contains the Drum Editor, which allows you to “paint” drum

Introduction

67

SONAR Basics

patterns using the Pattern Brush tool and play different drum modules from
a single track. For more information, see Piano Roll View.

The Staff view : displays the notes from one or more MIDI tracks using
standard music notation, similar to the way the notation would appear on a
printed page. You can add, edit, or delete notes; create percussion parts;
add guitar chords and other notation markings; display guitar tablature;
display the Fretboard pane; and print whole scores or individual parts to
share with other musicians.

68 Introduction

SONAR Basics

A. Dynamics and markings B. Time and pitch locator C. Editing tools D. Zoom out

AB CDE FGH

I

J

E. Zoom in F. Snap to Grid G. Show/hide track pane H. Fretboard display I. Trac k
list pane J. Fretboard pane

The Loop Construction view : allows you to create and edit Groove
clips (SONAR loops that “know” the tempo and key in which they were
recorded), and export these clips as ACIDized files. For more information,
see Loop Construction view.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

69

The Loop Explorer view : allows you to preview ACIDized files and
other Wave files; and drag and drop them into your project. For more
information, see Loop Explorer View.

The Event List view : displays the events in a project individually, so
that you can make changes at a very detailed level. For more information,
see Event List View.

SONAR has several other views that are used for very specific purposes:

70 Introduction

SONAR Basics

View… How you use it…

Meter/Key To change the meter (time signature)

or key signature, or to insert changes
in the meter or key signature at
specific times in a project. For more
information, see Meter/Key View.

Big Time To display the Now time in a large,

resizable font that you can read more
easily. For more information, see Big
Time View.

Markers To add, move, rename, or delete

labels for parts of your project that
make it easier to move from one point
to another. For more information, see
Markers View.

Lyrics To add and display lyrics for a track.

For more information, see Lyrics view.

Video To display a loaded video file. For

more information, see Video View.

Synth Rack Manage your soft synths

Navigator Manage the Now Time in a project

Surround Panner (Producer
version only)

Sysx To create, display, store, and edit

Tempo To view and edit the project's tempo

Pan a surround track

System Exclusive MIDI messages
used to control instruments and other
gear that are MIDI capable. For more
information, see SYSX View.

changes. For more information, see
Tempo View.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

71

Zoom Controls

A

B

C

D

E

F

GH

Many of the views contain Zoom tools that let you change the horizontal
and vertical scale of the view:

A. Zoom Clips pane out vertically B. Vertical Zoom fader for Clips pane C. Zoom
Clips pane in vertically D. Zoom Bus pane out vertically E. Vertical Zoom fader for
Bus pane F. Zoom in horizontally G. Horizontal zoom fader H. Zoom out horizontally

The Track view toolbar contains the Zoom tool:

The zoom tools are used as described in the following table:

Tool… How you use it…

Zoom out (Clips pane or Bus
pane)

Zoom in (Clips pane or Bus pane) Click to zoom in incrementally, or

Zoom fader Click and drag to zoom continuously

Zoom tool Click to arm, then click and drag in the

You can also zoom with the keyboard:

72 Introduction

SONAR Basics

Click to zoom out incrementally, or
press Shift and click to zoom all the
way out

press Shift and click to zoom all the
way in

view to select the zoom area. Click the
dropdown arrow to display a menu of
zoom and view options.

Key… What it does…

Ctrl+up arrow Zoom out vertically

Ctrl+down arrow Zoom in vertically

Ctrl+right arrow Zoom in horizontally

Ctrl+left arrow Zoom out horizontally

G Go to (center) the Now time, without

zooming

Hold down Z Arm the Zoom tool

U Undo the current zoom

F Fit tracks to window

A Show all tracks

Shift+F Fit project to window

Shift+Double Click a clip Maximize track height

Docking Views

You can dock any view other than the Console view in the lower-right
corner of the Track view by enabling a view’s Enable Tabbed option. You
can have as many views open in tabbed format as you want. You can
toggle through the different views by clicking the tab of the view you want to
see (or use the Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right Arrow shortcut). You can also
maximize the pane to do detailed work in a view, or drag the splitter bar at
the top of the view to enlarge the tabbed view area. For step-by-step
instructions, see the procedures below.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

73

A. Maximize pane B. Scroll left or right to view tabs C. Active view D. Tabs

AB C

D

To do this… Do this…

Display a view in tabbed
format

Disable tabbed format
for a view

Enable or disable
tabbed format for all
open views

Maximize a tabbed view Click the Maximize/Restore button that’s just

Restore tabbed view Click the Restore button that’s in the lower

Close a View that is in
Tabbed Format

Click the upper left corner of a view, and choose
Enable Tabbed from the popup menu

Right-click the view’s tab, and choose Disable
Tabbed from the popup menu.

Use the View-Enable Tabbing for Open
Views command.

to the left of the tabs.

left corner of the view that you’re restoring.

Right-click the view’s tab, and choose Close
from the popup menu

Locking Views

By default SONAR allows only one instance of each view, but you can lock
the contents of most views, preserving the current view by forcing a new
instance of the view to appear if necessary. Locking views is the only way
you can have multiple instances of the same view open. Only the Track and
Console views cannot be locked.

74 Introduction

SONAR Basics

To lock a view, just click the lock button at the top right of the view. An
unlocked view looks like this , and a locked view looks like this . A view
can be locked automatically by pressing the Ctrl key when opening the
view.

Floating Views

When a view is float enabled, you can move it outside of the confines of
SONAR. This is particularly useful if you take advantage of SONAR’s dual
monitor support. Using dual monitor support, you can keep the Track or
Console view on one monitor and “float” other views to the other monitor by
dragging them to the second screen.

For more information, see the online help topic “Floating Views and Dual
Monitor Support.”

X-Ray Windows

The X-Ray Windows feature eliminates the need to constantly minimize,
move, or close windows in order to work in other windows. It works by
decreasing the opacity of the current window enough so that you can see
and work with the window that’s behind the current window. You activate
the feature by pressing a keyboard shortcut (default shortcut is Shift+X)
when the mouse cursor is over a window you want to x-ray. You can choose
to X-Ray whichever window is underneath the mouse cursor, or
automatically X-Ray all FX/synth property pages in one step (note: the
mouse cursor does not need to be over any plug-in property pages).

The X-Ray Windows feature works on the following windows:

• AudioSnap palette

• Synth Rack

• Piano Roll view (when float-enabled)

• Snap To Grid dialog

• Plug-in effects and synths

• Controller/Surface plug-ins

To Select Key Bindings for X-Ray Windows

1. Use the Options-Key Bindings command to open the Key Bindings
dialog.

2. If you want to use currently unassigned keys or key combinations, scroll
through the options in the Key window until the Global Key Assignment
field that is just under the window reads Unassigned. It’s a good idea

Introduction

SONAR Basics

75

to find two unassigned options that are next to each other or easy to
remember.

Note: for best results with X-Ray Windows, avoid using Alt key
combinations.

3. Once you’ve decided on two keys or key combinations that you want to
use, select Global Bindings in the Bind Context field, and scroll to the
bottom of the list of commands that are in the window below that field.

4. In the Key window, highlight the key or key combination that you want
to use for the X-Ray command, then highlight X-Ray in the function
column of the list of commands, then click the Bind button to bind them
together.

5. Now highlight the key or key combination that you want to use for the X-
Ray All FX/Synths command, then Highlight X-Ray All FX/Synths in
the function column of the list of commands, then click the Bind button
to bind them together.

6. Click OK to close the dialog.

To Use X-Ray Windows

1. Use the Options-Global command to open the Global Options dialog,
and on the General tab, make sure that the Enable X-Ray checkbox is
enabled.

2. Make sure that the view windows you want to X-Ray are in the Floating­enabled state: to check this, click the view or fx icon that’s in the upper
left corner of a window, and select Enable Floating from the dropdown
menu. If Disable Floating is in the menu, then the Floating option is
already enabled.

Note: all FX/Synth/Control surface property pages are float-enabled by
default.

3. To X-Ray or un-X-Ray a single window, move the mouse cursor over
the window, and press the keyboard shortcut (default is Shift+X) for the
X-Ray command. The window does not need to have focus (does not
need to be the highlighted window).

4. To X-Ray or un-X-Ray all plug-in windows at once, press the key
binding for the X-Ray All FX/Synths command.

Note: if a window has focus, and the window’s Give All Keystrokes To Plug­in button is enabled, X-Ray keyboard commands won’t work.

To Adjust X-Ray Windows Options

76 Introduction

SONAR Basics

1. Use the Options-Global command to open the Global Options dialog.

2. On the General tab, you can adust these options:

• Enable X-Ray—enable or disable this checkbox to turn the X-Ray
Windows feature on or off.

• Opacity—adjust this value by typing in a value, or by clicking and
holding the + or - button to adjust the final opacity percentage value
that an X-Rayed window reaches.

• Fade Out Time—adjust this value by typing in a value, or by clicking
and holding the + or - button to adjust the amount of time that an X­Rayed window takes to reach its final opacity percentage value.

• Fade In Time—adjust this value by clicking and holding the + or ­button to adjust the amount of time that an X-Rayed window takes
to restore its original opacity.

3. Click OK to close the dialog and accept your changes.

To Exclude a Plug-in from X-Ray Capablity

Some plug-ins (very few) use DirectDraw to create their windows. These
windows appear jittery when X-Rayed.

To exclude a plug-in from X-Ray Capablity, follow these steps:

1. Open the Cakewalk Plug-in Manager: use the Tools-Cakewalk Plug-in
Manager command.

2. In the Plug-in Categories window, select the category that the plug-in
you want to exclude is in.

3. In the Registered Plug-ins window, select the plug-in that you want to
exclude.

4. If the plug-in is a DirectX effect or an MFX, write down (or select and
copy) the CLSID value that’s in the CLSID field at the bottom of the
dialog.

5. If the plug-in is a VST or VSTi, write down the VST ID value that’s in the
VST ID field at the bottom of the dialog.

6. Close the Plug-in Manager dialog.

7. Open the
(use Notepad).

8. At the end of the file, find the [EffectProps View] section.

You will see entries such as the following:

XRAYEXCLUDE.INI file that’s in your SONAR program folder

Introduction

SONAR Basics

77

; Waves SSL EQ Stereo

XRayExclude11=1397510483

XRayExclude12={E451379E-F7E1-4E82-98D9-BEB87AC45E90}

9. Exclude your plug-in by creating a blank line below the last entry in the
[EffectProps View] section, and then typing:

;[name of your plug-in, but withour brackets]

XRayExclude[type the next available number in XRayExclude list, but
without brackets]=[VST ID number, with no brackets, or CLSID number,
with curly braces at start and finish]

For example, if the last entry in the [EffectProps View] section was:

; Waves SSL EQ Stereo

XRayExclude11=1397510483

XRayExclude12={E451379E-F7E1-4E82-98D9-BEB87AC45E90}

And you wanted to exclude the Cakewalk FxDelay from the X-Ray
Windows feature, after creating a blank line you would type:

; Cakewalk FxDelay

XRayExclude13={985DAF67-589F-4B8D-8BBC-D7AD651B9022}

If there was also a VST version of the Cakewalk FxDelay, you would
add another line:

XRayExclude14=[some VST ID number, with no brackets]

10. Save and close the
implement your changes.

Customizable Menus

All main menus and context menus are customizable. You can fine-tune
your workflow by hiding menu items that are rarely used and reordering
commands that you use frequently. You can even design and save menu
layouts specific to different tasks.

Caution: you can move commands completely out of their default menus.
For example, you can move commands out of the Edit menu into the
Process menu. Keep in mind that this manual describes commands by their
original menu locations, so if you’re looking for help about the Process-
Nudge command, and you’ve moved the Nudge command to the Edit
menu, the documentation for this command will still refer to the command
as Process-Nudge. You can always load the default menu layout to
restore the original command structure.

78 Introduction

SONAR Basics

XRAYEXCLUDE.INI file, and restart SONAR to

• To open the Menu Editor dialog, choose Options-Menu Editor.

• In the Menu Editor dialog, to choose a menu to edit, select one from the
Menu dropdown list.

To do this… Do this…

Hide items in a menu Click a Menu Item (Ctrl-click to select multiple

items) and press the Hide button.

The hidden command(s) will only be visible in the
submenu that is automatically created at the
bottom of the menu. You can display the
submenu by clicking one of the arrows at the
bottom of the menu.

Show items in a menu Click a Menu Item (Ctrl-click to select multiple

items) and press the Show button.

The command(s) will reappear in its original
location.

Reorder items in a
menu

Create a new submenu Right-click an item in the Menu Items list and

Rename a Menu Item or
submenu

Click and drag Menu Items up or down to change
their position in the menu order.

Note that you can click and drag Menu Items in
and out of submenus as well.

select Create Submenu. That item will now
appear in its own new submenu.

Or

Select one or more items from the list and press
the Create New button in the Submenus section
of the dialog.

Right-click a Menu Item or submenu and select
Rename, then enter a new name.

Or

Select a Menu Item and press F2, then enter a
new name.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

79

To do this… Do this…

Create a new separator
bar

Remove a submenu or
separator bar

Save a new menu
layout

Delete an existing menu
layout

Edit a menu layout Launch the Menu Editor and choose the menu

Load a different menu
layout

Right-click a Menu Item and select Insert
Separator.

The separator bar will appear above the Menu
Item you right-clicked.

Right-click the submenu or separator and select
Remove Submenu or Remove Separator.

Enter a new name into the Menu Layout field and
press the Save button.

Select the menu layout you wish to delete and
press the Delete button

layout you wish to edit from the dropdown menu,
then make your changes.

Launch the Menu Editor and choose a different
Menu Layout from the dropdown menu, then
close the dialog.

OR

Use the Options-Menu Layouts command, and
select a layout from the available options.

Note 1: Keep in mind that the factory default menu layout cannot be
overwritten. If you want to change this layout, save your changes under a
new layout name.

Note 2: If you change your menu layout so much that you can’t find some
commands, you can always load the factory default menu layout.

Altering your menus may affect your menus’ hotkeys, which allow you to
navigate through the application’s menus without using a mouse. You can
view the hotkeys in your menus by pressing Alt and observing the
underlined letters. Pressing the underlined letter on your keyboard will
launch that menu command. In order to ensure you have no duplicates
hotkeys in your customized menu, do the following.

1. Launch the Menu Editor and select the menu or submenu you wish to
check for duplicate hotkeys. Right-click the Menu Item and select
Check Hotkeys. The Menu Editor will then report back if duplicate
hotkeys are found, or if a command has no hotkey at all.

80 Introduction

SONAR Basics

Note: the Check Hotkeys command examines only commands on the
menu that you right-clicked, at the menu level that you right-clicked. It
does not examine submenus of that menu.

2. If missing or duplicate hotkeys are found, right-click again and select
Generate Hotkeys. New non-duplicate hotkeys will be assigned for
each item in that menu or submenu (but only on the menu level where
you right-clicked, not on any submenus of the menu or submenu that
you right-clicked).

Note: Hotkeys are indicated within the Menu Editor by ampersands
(“&”) in each menu item’s name. The ampersand is placed directly
before the letter that represents the menu item’s hotkey. If you wish to
assign hotkeys manually, you can do so by when you rename a hotkey
by placing the ampersand before your preferred hotkey letter for that
command or submenu.

3. If necessary, re-save your layout to preserve these changes.

Customizable Toolbars

You can customize each toolbar in SONAR. You can hide or reorder each
component of a toolbar, or add buttons to a toolbar from other toolbars. You
can create up to three new toolbars from components of other toolbars. You
can also hide or show all toolbars with a single command, and dock
toolbars vertically if you want.

• To choose what toolbars you want to see, use the View-Toolbars
command, and check the toolbars that you want to see in the dialog
box.

• To hide or show all toolbars, use the View-Show Toolbars command.
This command is available in the Key Bindings dialog (Options-Key
Bindings command).

To customize a toolbar:

1. Right-click the toolbar that you want to customize, and choose
Customize from the popup menu to open the Customize Toolbar
dialog.

2. In the Available Toolbar Buttons field, select a component that you want
to see in the toolbar, and click the Add button to move the component to
the Current Toolbar Buttons field.

3. Repeat step 2 for any additional components you would like to display.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

81

4. In the Current Toolbar Buttons field, select a component that you do not
want to see in the toolbar, and click the Remove button to move the
component to the Available Toolbar Buttons field.

5. Repeat step 4 for any additional components you would like to remove.

6. If you would like to move a toolbar component to a different location in
the toolbar, select the component in the Current Toolbar Buttons field,
and click the Move Up button or the Move Down button to change the
button’s location in the toolbar.

7. Repeat step 7 for any additional components.

8. If you want to restore the toolbar to its default appearance, click the
Reset button.

9. Click Close when you want to close the dialog.

To create a toolbar:

1. Use the View-Toolbars command, and check one of the User “n”
options.

A toolbar appears, with a default set of controls.

2. Right-click the toolbar, and choose Customize from the popup menu to
open the Customize Toolbar dialog.

3. Customize the toolbar the in the same way as the previous procedure.

To rename a toolbar:

1. Right-click the toolbar, and choose Rename from the popup menu to
open the Rename Toolbar dialog

2. Fill in the New Name field, and click OK.

Now when you open the Toolbars dialog, the name you chose is listed in
the dialog.

To dock or undock a toolbar:

• To dock a toolbar horizontally, drag it to the top or bottom of the
interface.

• To dock a toolbar vertically, drag it to the left or right side of the
interface.

• To undock a toolbar, drag it to the part of the interface where you want
it, or entirely away from the interface.

82 Introduction

SONAR Basics

Layouts

ECGHFD

BA

You may spend a lot of time making sure that all the views are laid out on
the screen just the way you want. When you save your work, you can save
the screen layout along with it. You can also save the layout by itself and
then use the layout with other projects. For more information, see the online
help topic “Layouts.”

Next topic: Working on a Project.

Working on a Project

Much of your time in SONAR is spent recording and listening to your project
as it develops. The Transport toolbar, shown below, contains the most
important tools and other pieces of information you’ll need to record and
play back your project.

Every project has a current time, known as the Now time (see: The Now
Time and How to Use It). As you record or play back a project, the Now time
shows your current location in the project. When you create a project, the
Now time is set to the beginning of the project. The current Now time is
saved with your project.

You control recording and playback using tools on the Large Transport
toolbar (press F4 to show or hide), which work a lot like the ones on your
tape deck or CD player:

A. Play B. Record C. Click to move ahead one measure D. Auto-punch toggle
E. Drag Now Time to any desired position F. Click to jump to the end G. Click to
back up one measure H. Click to jump to the beginning

As you work with a project, you can use SONAR’s mute and solo features to
choose which tracks are played, or you can create loops to play a particular
section over and over again. You can also create markers, which are
named time points you add to your project to make it easy to jump to a
particular location.

Introduction

SONAR Basics

83

Next topic: SONAR File Types.

Windows Taskbar Indicators

When SONAR is running, you’ll normally see two indicators in your
Windows Taskbar, right next to the clock.

The MIDI activity monitor contains two lights that indicate MIDI input and
output. When you play your MIDI keyboard, the first light flashes when each
note is pressed, and it flashes again when each note is released. When you
play back a project that contains MIDI, the second indicator lights up.

The volume control is used to control the playback and record volumes
on your sound card. Double-click on this indicator to open a dialog box that
lets you control the levels for audio, MIDI, CD playback, and record.

The volume control is available only if your sound card is using a native
Windows driver. If your sound card does not use a native Windows driver,
no volume control will be displayed in the taskbar. In this case, your sound
card probably came with a separate program to control input and output
levels. See your sound card documentation for more information.

Screen Colors and Wallpaper

SONAR lets you customize the colors that are used for virtually all parts of
the program using the Options-Colors command. This command also lets
you change the background bitmap that is displayed in the SONAR window.

For any SONAR screen element, you can assign a color in two ways:

• Choose one of the colors that is part of your Windows color scheme.

• Assign a custom color.

To Assign Custom Colors

1. Choose Options-Colors to display the Configure Colors dialog box.

2. Choose the screen element whose color you want to change from the
Screen Element list.

3. Assign a color to the screen element in one of two ways:

• To use a color from the Windows color scheme, choose one of the

options in the Follow System Color list

• To use a custom color, check Use Specific Color, click the Choose

Color button, and select the color you want

84 Introduction

Windows Taskbar Indicators

4. To save these changes from session to session, check the Save
Changes for Next Session box.

5. Click OK when you are done.

SONAR uses the colors you have chosen.

To Restore the Default Colors

1. Choose Options-Colors to display the Configure Colors dialog box.

2. In the Screen Elements window, select the elements that you want to
restore; you can Ctrl-click or Shift-click to select multiple elements.

3. Click the Defaults button.

4. Click OK.

SONAR uses the default colors for all selected screen elements.

To Change the Wallpaper

1. Choose Options-Colors to display the Configure Colors dialog box.

2. Choose the desired wallpaper according to the table:

To do this… Do this…

Use the default
wallpaper

Not use any wallpaper Check None in the Wallpaper list

Use a custom bitmap Check Custom, choose a bitmap, and

3. Click OK when you are done.

See also:

Configure Colors dialog

Color Presets

Check Default in the Wallpaper list

click Open

Color Presets

Once you create a color arrangement that you like, you can save it as a
preset, and then load it whenever you want to use that arrangement. You
can also load any of the many factory presets, some of which duplicate the

Introduction

Screen Colors and Wallpaper

85

Presets menu

Import and Export
buttons

Configure Colors dialog

colors of earlier versions of SONAR. You can also import and export color
arrangements in the form of .

CLR files so that SONAR users can share color

layouts. And you can back up or export all of your presets with a single
command, and import a group of presets that you or another SONAR user
created.

Note: both single color presets, and collections of presets use the file
extension .

CLR, so when you export either the current color arrangement, or

all of your presets at once, give the exported file a name that clearly labels
it as either a single preset, or as a collection of presets.

86 Introduction

Screen Colors and Wallpaper

To Load a Color Preset

1. Open the Configure Colors dialog by using the Options-Colors
command.

2. Click the dropdown arrow on the Presets menu to display the list of
presets, then click the name of the preset you want to load.

To Save a Color Preset

1. Open the Configure Colors dialog by using the Options-Colors
command.

2. Adjust the color settings you want to save.

3. Type a name for your preset in the Presets menu.

4. Click the floppy disk icon that’s next to the Presets menu to save
your preset.

To Export the Current Color Arrangement

1. Open the Configure Colors dialog by using the Options-Colors
command.

2. Arrange or load the color arrangement you want to export.

3. Click the Export Colors button in the Configure Colors
dialog.

The Export Color Set dialog appears.

4. Navigate to the folder where you want to store your new color set file.

5. Type a name for your color set file in the File Name field.

6. Make sure that the Export Current Color Set checkbox is enabled.

7. Click the Save button.

To Import One or More Color Presets

1. Open the Configure Colors dialog by using the Options-Colors
command.

2. Click the Import Colors button in the Configure Colors
dialog.

The Import Color Set dialog appears.

3. Navigate to the folder where the color set file you want to import is. Both
single presets and groups of presets are stored in color set files, which
use the .

CLR file extension.

Introduction

Screen Colors and Wallpaper

87

4. Click the file that you want to import.

5. Click the Open button.

6. If your preset menu in SONAR already contains a preset that is
included in the preset collection file you are importing, SONAR asks
you if you want to overwrite the file. This happens for each file that has
the same name as a preset in the preset collection you are importing.
Click Yes or No for each file in question, or Yes All or No All to either
overwrite or protect all of your current preset files.

To Export All Your Color Presets

1. Open the Configure Colors dialog by using the Options-Colors
command.

2. Click the Export Colors button in the Configure Colors
dialog.

The Export Color Set dialog appears.

3. Navigate to the folder where you want to store your the exported file.
This file will contain all or your color presets.

4. Type a name for your file in the File Name field. Use a file name that
you will recognize as a collection of presets, rather than as a single
color arrangement.

5. Make sure that the Export Color Presets checkbox is enabled.

6. Click the Save button.

Note: a file of color presets can be large, and might take a minute or so to
export.

Starting to Use SONAR

This chapter has provided you with an overview of SONAR and basic
information on how to install the software and configure your system. To get
started with SONAR try the Tutorials .

Installing SONAR

SONAR is easy to install. All you need to do is choose the folder where the
program and sample project files should be stored.Before you start, make
sure you have your serial number handy. Your serial number is located on
the back of your DVD case.

88 Introduction

Starting to Use SONAR

Installation note: If you choose to not install the Sample files, you will not
have the necessary content to use the tutorials in Chapter 2.

To Install SONAR

1. Start your computer.

2. Close any open programs you have running.

3. Place the SONAR installation disc in your disc drive.

If you have autorun enabled, the SONAR AutoRun menu opens
automatically, showing you a dialog box with several buttons. If autorun
is not enabled, you can open the SONAR AutoRun menu by selecting
Start-Run and entering d:\AutoRun.exe (where d:\ is your disc drive).

4. Click the Install SONAR button.

Note: If you exit Setup without completing the installation, choose Start­Run, type D:\AutoRun.exe (where D:\ is your DVD drive), and click OK. This

will reopen the AutoRun window, and you can click Install to start
installation again.

5. Follow the installation instructions on the screen.

You can also install SONAR by choosing Start-Run and running the
application named

SETUP.EXE from the DVD.

Uninstalling SONAR

When you installed SONAR, the setup program placed an Uninstall icon in
the Start menu. To uninstall SONAR, click the Start button and choose

Programs-Cakewalk-SONAR 7 (Studio Edition or Producer Edition)-
Uninstall SONAR 7

Introduction

Installing SONAR

89

90 Introduction

Installing SONAR

Tutorials

The following tutorials will give you some hands-on practice in playing, recording, and
mixing your projects. If you have not already done so, you may want to refer to SONAR
Basics to get the most out of these tutorials.

Note: If, during installation, you chose in the Select Components dialog not to install the
Tutorials folder (part of the Sample files), you will not have access to the sample tutorial
files needed to follow the tutorials in this chapter. If you didn’t install these files, insert your
product disc and copy the files to your hard drive.

Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

Tutorial 2—Recording MIDI

Tutorial 3—Recording Digital Audio

Tutorial 4—Editing MIDI

Tutorial 5—Editing Audio

Tutorial 6—Using Groove Clips

Tutorial 7—Mixing

Tutorial 8—Using Soft Synths

Tutorial 9—Drum Maps

Tutorial 10—Cyclone Soft Synth

Tutorial 1—The Basics

The first tutorial teaches you the basics of SONAR. You'll learn how to:

• Open and play a project file

• Make the project repeat automatically

• Use markers

• Speed or slow the tempo

• Mute a track and play a track solo

• Change a track's instrument

• Play a track on a MIDI instrument

If you have not already done so, please read at the very least MIDI, Digital
Audio, and in the Introduction chapter. If you have little or no experience
with music software, read the Beginner’s Guide to Cakewalk Software in
the online help. If you have time, also read the Introduction chapter for
basic background information about projects, tracks, clips, the Track view,
and the Console view.

Next Step: Opening a Project File.

Opening a Project File

SONAR stores MIDI and digital audio data in project files. The first thing
you need to do is load a project file.

To Open a Project File

1. If you haven't already done so, start SONAR.

2. Choose File-Open.

3. In the Open dialog box, navigate to the directory in which you installed
SONAR, double-click the Tutorial folder to open it and select the file

TUTORIAL1.CWP.

4. Click the Open button.

SONAR loads the project and opens the Track view. Feel free to move and
resize the Track view to better fit your screen.

Next Step: Preparing for Playback

Preparing for Playback

Before you can play a project, you must choose the outputs for both MIDI
sounds and audio sounds. By choosing the outputs, you are telling SONAR
from which outputs you want to hear the sounds.

You may have a sound card with a built-in synthesizer, or a MIDI keyboard
that produces sounds. We will discuss using these with a project later on in
the tutorial. First we will explore using a software synthesizer to hear a
project’s MIDI tracks. A software synthesizer is a software program that
produces various sounds through your audio interface or sound card when
the soft synth program receives MIDI data from a MIDI controller or
sequencer program. When you insert a software synth, you need to assign
the output of the MIDI track to that software synth.

92 Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

The software synthesizer itself must be routed to one of your audio outputs
in order for you to hear it. Your project might also contain audio data,
perhaps vocals, that you have recorded. To hear the audio data playing
back, you need to choose an output for the audio track that contains the
audio data. The output you choose for both the software synthesizer and
the audio data will be the one on your sound card that you have connected
to an amplifier and speakers, or to headphones.

Let’s insert a software synthesizer, Cakewalk TTS-1, to the tutorial project
file.

To Insert Cakewalk TTS-1 into a Project

1. Use the Insert-Soft Synths command and click Cakewalk TTS-1 on
the popup menu.

The Insert Soft Synth Options dialog appears.

2. In the Create These Tracks fields, deselect MIDI Source, because we
want to patch the pre-existing MIDI tracks into Cakewalk TTS-1.

3. Verify that the First Synth Audio Output option is checked. We’ll need
this track to route Cakewalk TTS-1 to our chosen audio output. The new
synth track will have Cakewalk TTS-1 already patched as an audio
input.

4. In the Open These Windows fields, select only the Synth Property
Page. This option opens Cakewalk TTS-1’s property page (interface).

5. Click OK.

SONAR opens the TTS-1 interface, and inserts a synth track that has the
Cakewalk TTS-1’s output 1 as an input. Feel free to look over the Cakewalk
TTS-1’s interface, but we will not be making any adjustments here in this
tutorial. Close the TTS-1 property page (interface) by clicking X in the
upper-right corner of the window.

Now that you have a software synthesizer available for use, you can
continue preparing the project for playback. We now need to direct our MIDI
tracks to the Cakewalk TTS-1.

To Choose MIDI Outputs for Your Project’s Tracks

1. In the Track view, click the dropdown arrow in the Output dropdown
menu in a MIDI track to display the track’s Output
menu. MIDI tracks display a MIDI icon just to the right of the track
number:

Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

93

A. MIDI icon B. Restore Strip Size button

A

B

A

B

C.

A.

You may need to enlarge the track to show the Output control: In Track
1, click the Restore Strip Size button to expand the track. Also, you may
have to click the All tab control that’s at the bottom of the Track pane to
display all the controls in the track.

After you click the dropdown arrow in a track’s Output menu, a
dropdown menu appears, containing a list of enabled MIDI outputs.

A. Output menu B. Dropdown arrow to display menu C. Focus rectangle (green
outline)

A. All tab control—click this to display all the track controls. Click the other tabs to
display smaller groups of controls

94 Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

2. Select the output you want to use for that track—select “Cakewalk TTS­1 1 Output 1.”

3. For all the other MIDI tracks, you’ll also want to choose the “Cakewalk
TTS-1 1 Output 1” option: press the down arrow on your computer
keyboard to move the “focus rectangle” to the Output field for the next
track, press Enter to display the track’s Output menu, and choose the
Cakewalk TTS-1 again.

4. Repeat step 3 for each track.

Each MIDI track is now routed to the Cakewalk TTS-1. Next we need to
enable the audio output we’ll use to hear the sounds the software
synthesizer produces.

To Enable Audio Outputs

1. Select Options-Audio from the menu.

The Audio Options dialog box appears.

2. Click the Drivers tab in the Audio Options dialog box.

3. In the Output Drivers field, check the drivers you want enabled. All
enabled drivers appear with a checkbox filled in. Be sure to enable the
driver of the audio device connected to your speakers or headphones.

4. Click OK.

Your desired audio output will now be available for selection in your synth
track’s Output menu.

To Choose an Audio Output for your Synth Track

1. In the Track view, click the Output dropdown arrow in the Cakewalk
TTS-1 synth track. Synth tracks are distinguished by the synth icon to
the right of the track number.

Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

95

A. Output dropdown arrow B. Synth icon

B

A

ECGHFD

BA

2. From the Output dropdown menu, select the audio output that is
connected to your speakers or headphones.

Let's play the project!

Next Step: Playing the Project.

Playing the Project

Buttons in the Large Transport toolbar, shown in the following picture, can
control most of SONAR’s basic playback functions.

If you don’t see the Large Transport toolbar, then choose Views-Toolbars
and check Transport (Large), or press F4.

A. Play B. Record C. Click to move ahead by measures D. Auto-punch toggle
E. Drag Now Time to any desired position F. Click to jump to the end G. Click to
back up by measures H. Click to jump to the beginning

96 Tutorials

To Start Playback

• To play the project, click the Play button , or press the Spacebar.

Tutorial 1—The Basics

Do you hear music? If you don't hear anything, see the online help topic

B

A

called Troubleshooting for some troubleshooting tips.

The next several topics describe some playback options to give you a lot
more control over how you want to play back your project. If you want to see
a slightly more advanced tutorial about using software synthesizers, see
Tutorial 8—Using Soft Synths. This tutorial also shows how to convert soft
synth tracks to audio tracks, and then export your project as a wave file.
Exporting each project as a stereo wave file is how you create audio CDs.
After your projects are exported as stereo wave files, you can use your
favorite CD-burning software to make an audio CD from the collection of
wave files.

The Now Time

The Now time is the current time in the project—the time where playback is
occurring, or where playback will start up again if playback is stopped. The
Now time is indicated in the Clips pane by a vertical black line, which moves
as your project plays to indicate what part of your project is playing. When
playback is stopped, at the top of the black line you will see a green triangle

. This triangle, known as the Now time marker, represents the point at
which the Now time will snap back to after you stop playback or recording
(you can change this behavior in the Global Options dialog—select
Options-Global, click the General tab in the Global Options dialog, and
uncheck the On Stop, Rewind to Now Marker option).

A. Now time B. Now time marker

The Now time is also shown in the Transport toolbar, both in MBT
(measure/beat/tick) format and in time code format (hour/minute/second/
frame). During playback, the Now time increases in accordance with the
progress of the project.

You can set the Now time of the project by clicking in the Time Ruler in the
Clips pane, or (when playback is stopped) by dragging the Now time slider
in the Large Transport toolbar.

Tutorial 1—The Basics

Tutorials

97

While you are playing the project, you may want to keep an eye on the Now
time. The Big Time view displays the Now time in a large font so you can
more easily see it from a distance. To open this view, choose Views-Big
Time. You can change the time format displayed in the Big Time window by
clicking on it. You can change its font by right-clicking on it.

To Restart the Project

When SONAR gets to the end of the project, it stops. By default SONAR
will rewind to the Now Time marker after you stop playback or recording. To
play the project again, do the following:

1. If the Now time marker is at a measure other than the first, click the

Rewind button , or press w to go back to the first measure.

2. Click the Play button, or press the Spacebar.

To Pause Playback

• To temporarily pause playback, hit Ctrl-Spacebar. By default, hitting

just the Spacebar or Stop or Play will rewind the project to the
Now time marker rather than pausing at the current Now time.
However, you can change the Now time marker behavior so that the
marker moves to the current Now time when playback or recording is
stopped (use the Options-Global command; on the General tab
uncheck On Stop, Rewind to Now Marker).

Certain SONAR functions can only be used when the project is paused. If a
function or command does not seem to work, try pausing the project

For more information on the Now time and Now Time marker, see the
online help topic “The Now Time and How to Use It”.

Starting from a Marker

Markers make it easier to find certain points within the project. You may
want to set markers at the beginning of each section of your project or at
times with which some event must be synchronized. The Markers toolbar
lets you move the Now time to a marker, add a new marker at the Now
time, and edit the marker list. If you don’t see the Markers toolbar, then
choose Views-Toolbars and check Markers.

98 Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

A. Open Markers view B. Default Groove clip pitch C. Insert marker D. Next marker

A

FEDC

B

E. Previous marker F. Markers list

The current project contains several markers. Let’s try starting playback
from the marker labeled C:

1. If the project is playing, pause playback by clicking the Stop button .

2. In the Current Marker dropdown menu in the Markers toolbar (the larger

dropdown menu, on the left), select the marker labeled C. The Now
time moves to the start of measure 17.

3. Click the Play button .

You can jump to the next or previous marker by pressing Ctrl+Shift+ Page
Down or Ctrl+Shift+Page Up.

For more information on markers, see the online help topic “Creating and
Using Markers.”

Next Step: Restarting the Project Automatically.

Restarting the Project Automatically

Wouldn’t it be easier to practice your solo if you didn't have to restart the
project each time it ended? Rather than manually rewinding and restarting
the project, you can make SONAR automatically jump back to the
beginning and keep playing.

Looping Over the Entire Project

To control looping, use the tools in the Loop/Auto Shuttle toolbar. If you
don’t see this toolbar, choose Views-Toolbars and check Loop/Auto
Shuttle.

Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics

99

EAB CD

AB

A. Loop On/Off B. Loop start time C. Loop end time D. Set loop to selection time
E. Loop/Auto Shuttle properties

To loop over the entire project, do the following:

1. In the Loop toolbar, click the Loop Start time. The time display changes
to an edit box with spin controls.

2. To loop over the entire project, the loop must start at 1:01:000. If the
Loop Start time is not already set to 1:01:000, use the keyboard or spin
controls to enter this value. To set it to 1:01:000, click the Loop Start
time, enter 1 and press Enter.

3. In the Loop toolbar, click the Loop End time.

4. Press F5 to open the Markers dialog box.

5. Select the marker named <End> and click OK. The Loop End time is
set to the end of the project.

6. Click the Loop On/Off button to enable looping.

7. Click Play.

When looping is enabled, the Time Ruler displays special flag markers that
indicate the loop start and end times. You can drag these markers to
change the loop start and end times.

A. Loop Start B. Loop End

To turn looping off, click the Loop button again.

Looping Over a Section of the Project

Maybe you would like to practice one section of the project over and over.
Or, maybe you'd like one section played repeatedly so you can practice an

100 Tutorials

Tutorial 1—The Basics