Cakewalk Pro Audio 9 User's Guide

Cakewalk Pro Audio User’s Guide

™

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Twelve Tone Systems, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The software may be used or copied only in accordance of the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy this software on any medium except as speciﬁcally allowed in the agreement. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of Twelve Tone Systems, Inc.

Cakewalk is a registered trademark of T welve Tone Systems, Inc. Cakewalk Pro Audio, Cakewalk Professional, Cakewalk Home Studio, Cakewalk Guitar Studio, Cakewalk Audio FX, Cakewalk Metro, Cakewalk Overture, Cakewalk Score Writer, Virtual Jukebox, Virtual Piano, CFX, StudioWare, and the Cakewalk logo are trademarks of T welve T one Systems, Inc. Other company and product names are trademarks of their respective owners.

Visit Cakewalk on the World Wide Web at www.cakewalk.com.

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii

Registering Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

About Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Music Composition and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Game Sound Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Sound Production and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Web Authoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Film and Video Scoring and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Pro Audio Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Working on a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Other Types of Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Computers, Sound, and Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Installation and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Starting Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Starting to Use Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

2 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

Tutorial 1ÑPlaying a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Rehearsal Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Opening a Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Playing the Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Restarting the Song Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Table of Contents

Changing the Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Muting and Soloing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Changing a Track's Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Playing Music on a Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Transposing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Tutorial 2ÑRecording MIDI and Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Rehearsal Time, Part 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Opening the Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Recording MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Loop Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

Punch-In Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

Recording Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

Recording Multiple Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27

Tutorial 3ÑAudio Editing and Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

Audio Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

Opening the Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

The Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28

Stretching the Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30

Adding the Announcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31

Trimming the Announcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32

Editing the Announcer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35

Making It Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36

Mixing the Radio Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37

Automating Your Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38

Saving the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39

3 Controlling Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

The ÒNow TimeÓ and How to Use It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Displaying the Now Time in Large Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Other Ways to Set the Now Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Controlling Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Handling Stuck Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Track-by-Track Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Silencing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Soloing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Changing Track Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Setting Up Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Assigning Tracks to Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Choosing the Instrument Sound (Bank and Patch) . . . . . . . 3-20

Adding Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

Adjusting Volume and Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

Assigning a MIDI Channel (Chn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24

Adjusting the Key/Transposing a Track (Key+) . . . . . . . . . . .3-26

Adjusting the Note Velocity (Vel+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27

Adjusting the Time Alignment of a MIDI Track (Time+) . . . .3-28

Other MIDI Playback Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-29

Video Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30

4 Recording a Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Creating a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Creating a New Project File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Setting the Time and Key Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

Setting the Metronome and Tempo Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

Setting the Audio Sampling Rate and Bit Depth . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

Setting the MIDI Timing Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

Preparing to Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Recording Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Choosing a Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11

Arming Tracks for Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14

Auto Arming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14

Recording Music from a MIDI Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15

Virtual Piano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15

Recording Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-16

Tuning an Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-19

Loop Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-20

Punch Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-22

Step Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-24

Step Pattern Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-27

Recording Channel by Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-28

Importing Music and Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-30

Importing Wave (.wav) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-30

Importing Material from Another Cakewalk Project . . . . . . .4-31

Importing MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-31

Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-32

Labeling Your Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34

File Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36

MIDI Input and Echo Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36

Input Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36

MIDI Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37

Local Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38

Table of Contents

5 Arranging Tracks and Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Arranging Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Changing the Order of Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

Copying Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Erasing Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Arranging Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Displaying Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Selecting Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Moving and Copying Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Working with Partial Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Markers and the Snap Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Showing Gridlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Defining and Using the Snap Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Creating and Using Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

Working with Linked Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Splitting and Combining Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

Adding Effects in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Changing Tempos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Using the Tempo Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27

Using the Tempo Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

Using the Tempo View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31

6 Editing Events and Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

The Piano Roll View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Note Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Controllers Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Track List Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Opening the View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Selecting and Editing Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Working with Multiple Tracks in the Piano Roll View . . . . . . 6-7

Note Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Selecting and Editing Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Transposing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Shifting Events in Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

Inserting Measures into a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

Stretching and Shrinking Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

Reversing Notes in a Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

Adding Crescendos and Decrescendos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

Changing the Timing of a Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Fit Improvisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

Searching for Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

Event Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

Controllers, RPNs, NRPNs, and

Automation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34

Using the Controllers Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-36

The Event List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-42

Event List Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-43

Event List Display Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-45

Editing Events and Event Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-45

Additional Event Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-47

MIDI Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-49

Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-49

Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-50

Adding Echo/Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-51

Filtering Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-52

Adding Arpeggio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-52

Analyzing Chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-54

Changing Velocities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-55

Transposing MIDI Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-56

7 Editing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Digital Audio Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

Basic Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

ExampleÑA Guitar String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

Recording a Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6

The Decibel Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7

Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8

Managing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9

The Audio View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10

Basic Audio Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11

Editing Event Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12

Setting Volume and Pan Envelopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-14

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16

Splitting Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-16

Combining Audio Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-17

Applying Fades with the Draw Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-18

Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20

Basic Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-20

Increasing or Decreasing Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-22

Reversing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-23

Equalizing Audio Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-24

Advanced Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25

Removing Silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-25

Extracting Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-27

Detecting Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-32

Parametric Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-33

Table of Contents

vii

Fades and Crossfades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35

Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37

Mixing Audio Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38

Adding Parametric Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39

Adding Chorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40

Applying Delay and Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41

Adding Flanging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42

Applying Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

Shifting Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44

Stretching Time and Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45

8 Working with Notation and Lyrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-1

The Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Opening the Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Staff Pane Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

The Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Fretboard Popup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Basic Musical Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

Inserting Notes on the Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

Inserting Notes with the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

Selecting Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Notes on the Staff . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Auditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11

Changing Note Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

Deglitch Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Working with Triplets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

Beaming of Rests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

Changing the Way Notes Are Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

Using Enharmonic Spellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17

MIDI Channels and Voices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18

You can disable the forced mapping of MIDI channels. For more

information, see Appendix D: MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19

MIDI Channels and the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19

Chords and Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21

Adding Chord Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21

Adding Expression Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25

Adding Hairpin Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27

Adding Pedal Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28

Tablature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29

Tablature Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29

Changing Fretboard Texture and Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31

Quick TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32

Regenerate TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32

viii

Entering Notes from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-33

You can enter notes or chords directly from the TAB staff. . .8-33

Single Note Editing from the TAB Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-34

Editing Chords or Groups of Notes from the TAB Staff . . . . .8-34

Editing Notes and Chords from the Fretboard . . . . . . . . . . . .8-35

Working with Percussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-35

Setting Up a Percussion Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-36

Setting Up a Percussion Staff or Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-36

Ghost Strokes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-38

Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-39

The Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-40

What Is Meter? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-40

What Is Key? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-41

Opening the Meter/Key View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42

Adding and Editing Meter/Key Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-42

Working with Lyrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-44

Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Staff View . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-45

Opening the Lyrics View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-46

Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Lyrics View . . . . . . . . . . . .8-46

Table of Contents

9 Mixing and Effects Patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

The Console View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-2

Configuring the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-4

Mixing MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-8

Routing and Mixing Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-10

Audio Track Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-13

Aux Busses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-13

Audio Main Output Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-15

Using Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-16

Using Control Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-19

Using Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-23

Recording Automation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-25

Mixing Down and Distributing Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-27

Preparing Audio for Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-29

10 Using Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

Assigning Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-2

Importing Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-4

Creating Instrument Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-5

Creating Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-8

Copying Name Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-9

Assigning the Bank Select Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9

Assigning Patch Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10

Assigning Note Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12

Assigning Controller, RPN, and NRPN Names . . . . . . . . . . 10-14

11 Working with StudioWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-1

StudioWare Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

Using Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4

Grouping Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6

Recording Control Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8

Control Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12

StudioWare Panel Drawing Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13

Designing and Implementing Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13

Creating a New Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14

Adding and Arranging Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16

Using Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18

Functional Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20

Customizing the Appearance of a Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-28

Advanced Panel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31

Alias Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31

Using Aliases for Track and Port Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34

Hiding Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34

Grouping Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-35

Widget Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-36

TutorialÑCreating a Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37

Starting Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38

Adding a Pop-Up Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-38

Controlling MIDI Sustain and Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-40

Volume Control and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-42

Adding Labels and Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-43

12 Using Layouts and Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-1

Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2

Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4

Template Example: Three MIDI Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6

13 Improving Audio Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-1

Audio System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2

The Wave Device Profiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2

DirectShow Audio Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5

Configuring Pro Audio for 18-, 20-, and 24-bit Operation . . 13-12

Digital Audio Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13

Changing the Wavedata Folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-15

Deleting Unused Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-16

Compacting Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-17

Backing Up Projects with Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-18

Imported Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-19

Improving Performance with Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-20

Mixing Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-22

Queue Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-23

Status Bar/CPU Meter/Disk Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-23

14 Using System Exclusive Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1

What Is System Exclusive? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-2

Sysx Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-2

Using the System Exclusive View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-3

Send . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

Send All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-3

Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-3

More about Dump Request Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6

Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6

Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6

Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-6

Edit Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-7

Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-7

Load Bank and Save Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-7

Transmitting Banks during Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-8

Real-time Recording of System Exclusive Messages . . . . . . . . . . .14-8

Sysx Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-8

Saving MIDI Files Containing Sysx Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-9

Sysx . ini File Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-9

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-10

Table of Contents

15 Synchronizing Your Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1

Synchronization Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-2

Clock Sources with No External Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-3

MIDI Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-4

Pro Audio as the Slave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-5

Pro Audio as the Master . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-6

Using MIDI Sync with Drum Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-7

Troubleshooting MIDI Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-8

SMPTE/MIDI Time Code Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-8

Playing Digital Audio under SMPTE/MTC Sync . . . . . . . . .15-11

SMPTE/MTC Sync and Full Chase Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-11

Troubleshooting SMPTE/MTC Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-13

MIDI Machine Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-14

16 Programming with Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1

Creating and Running CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-2

Sample CAL Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3

SPLIT NOTE TO TRACKS.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3

SPLIT CHANNEL TO TRACKS.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4

RANDOM TIME.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4

THIN CONTROLLER DATA.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4

THIN CHANNEL AFTERTOUCH.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-4

THIN PITCH WHEEL.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5

MAJOR CHORD.CAL, MINOR CHORD.CAL . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5

Writing CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-5

Recording CAL Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-6

Appendix A: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

When I Play a File, I DonÕt Hear Anything . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

I CanÕt Record from My MIDI Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

When I Play a File Containing Audio, the Audio

Portion DoesnÕt Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

I CanÕt Record Any Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

The Music Is Playing Back with the Wrong

Instrument Sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

How Do I Use Pro Audio to Access All the Sounds

onMy MIDI Instrument? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

My Keyboard Doubles Every Note I Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

I DonÕt See the Clips Pane in the Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Why CanÕt Pro Audio Find My Audio Files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Why Do I Get Errors from the Wave Profiler? . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Appendix B: Tips & Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

Video Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Double-Clicking Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

Playing Files in Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

The Play List View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

Virtual Jukebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4

Key Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8

Windows Taskbar Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11

Undo, Redo, and the Undo History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12

xii

Screen Colors and Wallpaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13

Music Notation for Nonconcert Key

Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-16

Appendix C: Advanced Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Step 1. Install Windows 95, 98 or NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Step 2. Install Cakewalk Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Step 3. Read the README File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

Step 4. Install a MIDI Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

Step 5. Connect Your MIDI Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Step 6. Configure Your Audio Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

Step 7. Set Up to Record Digital Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10

Step 8. Start Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13

Appendix D: MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

Timebases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2

Supported MIDI File Meta-Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2

Features Not Supported by MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2

Other MIDI File Handling Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3

Special Handling of GM, GS, and XG MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . D-3

If You Have Problems Playing MIDI Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4

If You Plan to Publish Your Songs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4

Appendix E: Initialization Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

Initialization Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

Initialization File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2

CAKEWALK.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2

TTSSEQ.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4

Variables in the [Options] Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4

Variables in the [MIDI Input Devices]

Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7

Variables in the [MIDI Output Devices] Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7

AUD.INI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7

Variables in the [Aud] Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7

Appendix F: Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1

FX Stereo Reverb and CFX Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-2

FX Stereo Chorus and CFX Chorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3

FX Stereo Flanger and CFX Flanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-3

FX Stereo Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4

CFX Delay/Echo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4

Table of Contents

xiii

FX Pitch Shifter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4

FX Time/Pitch Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5

FX Stereo Parametric EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6

CFX 2-Band EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-6

Appendix G: Summary of New Features . . . . . . . . . . . G-1

AudioX Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1

Reduced Audio Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1

Piano Roll Supports Multiple Track Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1

Stereo Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1

Guitar Fretboard Display, Tablature, and Tuner . . . . . . . . . . G-2

Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2

Export to MP3 and RealAudio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2

FX Bin in Track View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2

CPU Meter and Disk Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2

NTONYX Style Enhancer MIDI Plug-in

(Micro 1.28 Lite Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

Global Toolbar to Mute, Solo, or Arm Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

More Reliable Clip Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

Apply Audio Effects Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

Pick Track Button Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

Record Mode Saves with Each Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

Open Patch Browser Directly from Track and Console Views G-3

Enhanced Patch Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3

Real-time Tempo Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Minimum Clip Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Must Arm Tracks to Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Reorganized Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Tools-Run CAL Command Moved to Edit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Play List Easier to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Right-click Opens Snap to Grid Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

Smooth Audio Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

AmpSim Lite Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4

xiv

Appendix H: Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1

Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Clear a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Move Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Move Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Remove Pattern from a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Add Pattern to a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-2

Load Song from a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3

Save Song to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3

Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3

The Settings Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-3

Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-4

Deleting a Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-6

Using Session Drummer in Real-time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-6

Arranging Patterns Into a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-7

Creating Drum Styles for the Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-7

Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9

Drumtrax Style files in the Session Drummer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9

Experiment with sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9

Be creative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-9

Defining the Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10

Looping Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10

Adding Fills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10

Regarding Tempos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10

Quantizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-10

Table of Contents

Appendix I: Roland U-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1

Connecting Cakewalk to U-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-2

Controlling Cakewalk with U-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3

Using the EZ Recording and Mixdown Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-6

The EZ Recording Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-6

The EZ Mixdown Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-7

Using the U-8 Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-9

Using the Effects Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-13

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-15

Recording Tips and Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-15

Mixdown Tips and Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-16

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I-1

xvi

Preface

The Cakewalk Pro Audio UserÕs Guide is designed to help you learn and

use Cakewalk Pro Audio Version 9. In everyday language, this explains how Pro Audio works and how to use it to create, edit, produce, and perform. WeÕve made this oriented, with lots of cross-references so that you can Þnd the information you need. The index that you can use to Þnd information on any speciÞc topic.

UserÕs Guide easy to read and task-

UserÕs Guide also includes a comprehensive

Guide

About This Book

The UserÕs Guide is organized as follows:

Chapter 1, Introduction , provides an overview of Pro Audio and instructions for installing the software and setting up your equipment.

Chapter 2, give you some practical experience with Pro Audio and some exposure to many of its capabilities.

Chapters 3 through 9 cover all the basic skills you need to use Pro Audio to play, record, edit, arrange, and mix your projects. By the time you complete these chapters, youÕll know all about the different ways you can work with your projects, and youÕll know about most of the tools you need to create music and sound using your computer.

Chapters 10 through 16 cover the advanced features of Pro Audio. By the time you complete these chapters, youÕll know how to customize Pro Audio both to make the best use of all the MIDI and audio equipment you have in your studio and to be more efÞcient and productive in your work.

The appendices contain additional information you can use for troubleshooting, advanced installation and setup, use of MIDI Þles, and some tips and tricks for using Pro Audio. If youÕve used earlier versions

Getting Started , is a set of three hands-on tutorials that will

Preface

of Pro Audio, be sure to turn to Appendix G to see a summary of the new features in Pro Audio Version 9.

Registering Pro Audio

Please be sure to complete and return the registration card in your product package or to register your product on our World Wide Web site (www.cakewalk.com). If you do not register, we cannot provide you with technical support, or inform you when upgrades become available.

Getting Help

In addition to this UserÕs Guide , Pro Audio includes online help that can provide you with quick reference information whenever you need it. Simply press F1 or click the Help button in any dialog box to Þnd the information you need.

If you need more information than you can Þnd in the the on-line help, here are two great places to look:

¥ Check the Support page of our World Wide Web site

(www.cakewalk.com) for updated technical information and answers to frequently asked questions

¥ Post messages to the Pro Audio user community using one of the

Cakewalk newsgroups. For more information about the newsgroups, visit www.cakewalk.com.

You can also get technical support directly from Cakewalk. In order to obtain technical support, you must submit the product registration card that is included with your Cakewalk product, or register your product on our World Wide Web site. You can obtain technical support for this product in the following ways:

¥ E-mail your questions to support@cakewalk.com. Be sure to include

your serial number in your e-mail.

¥ Call Cakewalk Technical Support at (617) 441-7891 on weekdays,

10:00AM to 6:00PM, Eastern time. Be sure to have your serial number ready when you call.

Technical support hours, policies, and procedures are subject to change at any time. Check our web site for the latest support information.

UserÕs Guide or

xviii

Introduction

Cakewalk Pro Audio is a professional tool for authoring sound and music on your personal computer. ItÕs designed for musicians, composers, arrangers, audio and production engineers, multimedia and game developers, and recording engineers. Pro Audio supports MP3, Wave, RealAudio, and other popular formats, providing all the tools you need to do professional-quality work rapidly and efÞciently.

Pro Audio is more than an integrated MIDI and digital audio authoring software packageÑitÕs an expandable platform that can function as the central nervous system of your recording studio. With drivers for common high-end audio hardware, full support for DirectX audio plugins, StudioWare and MIDI Machine (MMC) control of external MIDI gear, and the Cakewalk Application Language (CAL), Pro Audio can handle your most demanding projects.

In This Chapter

About Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Pro Audio Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Computers, Sound, and Music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Installation and Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Starting Pro Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Introduction

About Pro Audio

Pro Audio is the ßagship product of the Cakewalk line of integrated MIDI and digital audio sequencers for the Windows platform. Pro Audio has a comprehensive feature set that makes it the single most productive tool for sound and music authoring. Here are some of the ways you can use Pro Audio.

Music Composition and Exploration

Pro Audio is a powerful music-composition tool, providing tools to record your own musical performances; enhance or improve the quality of those performances; and edit, arrange, and experiment with the music. With a few simple clicks of the mouse, you can arrange, orchestrate, and audition your composition. Fully integrated sequencing allows you to combine the convenience and ßexibility of MIDI composition with the high-quality sound and subtlety of digital audio sound recording and reproduction. Change the feel of a piece by locking it to a musical groove, or add delicate delays, anticipations, or echoes that add richness to the music.

Pro Audio displays and lets you edit your music using standard musical notation and guitar tablature, so you can adjust individual notes, add performance markings, and print individual parts or full scores. You can graphically draw tempo and volume changes, or add lyrics to display onscreen or to include with printed scores.

Game Sound Development

ThereÕs no better tool than Pro Audio for composing music for electronic games. Clip-based sequencing lets you create and reuse musical themes freely, so you can associate musical sections with game characters, locations, objects, and actions. Your creations can be saved and replayed using the compact MIDI Þle format, which adapts its sound automatically to the target hardware for the best possible sound reproduction.

Sound Production and Engineering

If you want to produce music CDs or master tapes, Pro Audio has virtually everything you need from recording to mixing and mastering. Multichannel recording lets you capture studio or live performances track by track. Pitch correction lets you adjust vocals or create harmonies Òon the ßy.Ó ReconÞgurable buses provide full control over your mix. Real-time stereo effects like chorus, ßange, reverb, parametric EQ, and delay/echo can be applied as track inserts, in effects loops, or to the master mix. Pro Audio supports 44.1 KHz sampling for CD-quality

1-2

sound and lets you choose from lower or higher sample rates as well. All

audio effects are 32-bit ßoating point for faster processing and high-

quality sound reproduction.

Web Authoring

Pro Audio is the ideal tool for developing and producing music and sound

for the World Wide Web, because it lets you save your work in the

formats that are most commonly used on web sites: MIDI, RealAudio,

MP3, and Windows Media Advanced Streaming Format. Any Pro Audio

projectÑmusical composition, audio clip, commercial spot, jingle with

voice-overÑcan be stored in a web-compatible format with a few simple

mouse clicks.

Film and Video Scoring and Production

Pro Audio has many of the tools you need to execute audio post-

production projects quickly and efÞciently. Pro Audio provides chase

lock sync-to time code for frame-by-frame accuracy when synchronizing

audio or MIDI to Þlm or video. Or, you can turn chase-lock off to

conserve CPU power. Pro Audio provides high-quality time stretching

and sample-accurate editing with zero-crossing detection so you can

make the Þne adjustments you need in record time. In addition, Pro

AudioÕs new support for video Þles gives you convenient synchronized

access to digitized video, making Þlm and video scoring easier than ever.

Flexibility

Pro Audio works the way you want to workÑyou can customize screen

layouts, toolbars, and audio and MIDI system conÞgurations to make

your work more efÞcient. Pro Audio integrates with other sound- and

music-editing tools so you can access them in an instant without leaving

Pro Audio. There are custom software modules to support specialized

audio devices from Roland and Yamaha. Pro AudioÕs unique StudioWare

technology provides software interfaces for common studio hardware

and lets you create your own custom software interfaces to any external

MIDI-equipped gear. You can even create a single control panel to

manage your entire studio.

Pro Audio Basics

Pro Audio looks and acts like many other Microsoft Windows programs.

The

menus and toolbars give you quick access to all the features of Pro

Audio. Some menu choices and tools display

choose among various options or type in the values you want. If you click

in most views, in time rulers, or on certain other items with the right

dialog boxes that let you

Introduction

1-3

mouse button, you see a pop-up menu that provides quick access to many common operations.

The

project is the center of your work in Pro Audio. If youÕre a

musician, a project might contain a song, a jingle, or a movement of a symphony. If youÕre a post-production engineer, a project might contain a 30-second radio commercial or a lengthy soundtrack for a Þlm or videotape production. By default, every project is stored in a Þle (known as a

work Þle ). The normal Þle extension for a work Þle is. wrk .

Pro Audio organizes the sound and music in your project into tracks, clips, and events.

Tracks are used to store the sound or music made by each instrument or

voice in a project. For example, a song that is arranged for four instruments and one vocalist would normally have 5 tracksÑone for each instrument and one for the vocals. Each project can have up to 256 tracks. Some of these tracks may be used in your Þnished project, while others can hold alternate takes, backup tracks, and variations that you might want to keep for future use. Each track is made up of one or many clips.

Clips are the pieces of sound and music that make up your tracks. A clip

might contain a horn solo, a drum break, a bass or guitar riff, a voiceover, a sound effect like the hoot of an owl, or an entire keyboard performance. A track can contain a single clip or dozens of different clips, and you can easily move clips from one track to another.

Events are the individual bits of sound and music that make up a clip. A

note played on a piano or bass is an event, as is the pressing of a sustain pedal on a keyboard or the turn of a pitch wheel. Each continuous piece of digital audio in your project is an event.

Views

Pro Audio displays your project in windows on the screen that are known as

views . You can have many views open at once, all showing the same

project. When you edit a project in one view, the other related views are updated automatically.

The T rack V iew

The Track view is the main window that you use to create, display, and work with a project. When you open a project Þle, Pro Audio displays the Track view for the project. When you close the Track view for a project, Pro Audio closes the Þle.

1-4

The Track view is divided into two sections: the Track pane and the

Clips pane. You can change the size of the two panes by dragging the

vertical splitter bar that separates the two panes.

Each row is a track

Current Track

Splitter bar

The Track pane lets you see and change the initial settings for each

track. One trackÑthe current trackÑis always displayed in color or

marked by a rectangle around one cell. To change the current track,

move the highlight using the mouse or the keyboard as follows:

The Clips paneThe Track pane

Key… What it does…

Arrow Moves one cell in any direction

Page Down Displays the next page of tracks

Page Up Displays the previous page of tracks

Home Moves the highlight to track the ﬁrst

track (track 1).

End Moves the highlight to the last track

(track 256).

Introduction

1-5

The Clips pane shows the clips in your project on a horizontal timeline that helps you visualize how your project is organized. Clips contain markings that indicate their contents. The Clips pane lets you select, move, cut and copy clips from place to place to change the arrangement of music and sound in your project.

The Track view makes it easy to select tracks, clips, and ranges of time in a project. These are the most common selection methods:

To… Do this…

Select tracks Click on the track number, or drag over

several track numbers

Select clips Click on the clip, or drag a rectangle

around several clips

Select time ranges Drag in the time ruler, or click between

two markers

Select partial clips Hold down the Alt key while dragging

over a clip

As with most other Windows programs, you can also use the Shift-click and Ctrl-click combinations when selecting tracks and clips. Holding the Shift key while you click adds tracks or clips to the current selection. Holding the Ctrl key while you click lets you toggle the selection status of tracks or clips.

1-6

The Console View

The Console view is the place where you mix the sounds on all the different tracks to create the Þnal mix of your project. You use the Console view to adjust the levels of sound for the different tracks in your project, to change the stereo panning, and to apply real-time effects to an individual track, combinations of tracks, or the Þnal mix.

The mixing console contains several groups of controls. There is one module for each track in your project, and one module for each output device. You can use auxiliary sends (or aux sends) to direct certain tracks to special modules that are known as submixes.

The Console View:

Audio module

MIDI module Patch point for

real-time effects Aux Send slider

Aux Send Enable

Mute, Solo, and Track Arming buttons

Pan and volume fader for each track

Master volume faders

As in the Track view, you can change track settings or record new music

or sound in the Console view. You may choose to use one view or the

other, or the choice you make may depend on which project you are

working on.

Other Views

Pro Audio has a number of other views you can use to display and work

on your project. To display these views, select one or more tracks and:

¥ Click the icon for the view

¥ Choose the view you want from the View menu

¥ In the Track view, right-click on a selected track and choose the view

you want from the menu

Introduction

1-7

The Piano Roll view shows the notes from a track or track as they would appear on a player-piano roll. You can move the notes around, make them longer or shorter, and change their pitches by just dragging them with the mouse. You can also use the Piano Roll view to display and edit MIDI velocity, controllers, and other types of information.

The Staff view displays the notes from one or more tracks using standard music notation, similar to the way the notation would appear on a printed page. You can add, edit, or delete notes; create percussion parts; add guitar chords and other notation markings; display guitar tablature; display the Fretboard pane; and print whole scores or individual parts to share with other musicians.

1-8

The Audio view displays the sound waves that make up one or more

audio tracks of your project and provides tools to edit, arrange, and apply

effects to audio events.

The Event List view displays the events in a project individually, so

that you can make changes at a very detailed level.

1-9

Introduction

Pro Audio has several other views that are used for very speciÞc

Zoom out horizontally

Zoom out vertically

Zoom in horizontally

Zoom in vertically

Lasso zoom

purposes:

View… How you use it…

Meter/Key To change the meter (time signature) or

key signature or to insert changes in the meter or key signature at speciﬁc times in a project

Big Time To display the Now time in a large,

resizable font that you can read more easily

Markers T o add, move, rename, or delete labels for

parts of your song that make it easier to move from one point to another

Lyrics To add and display lyrics for a track

Video To display a loaded video ﬁle

Sysx To create, display, store, and edit

System Exclusive MIDI messages used to control instruments and other gear that are MIDI capable

StudioWare To use custom software interfaces to

control your MIDI gear

1-10

Tempo To view and edit the project's tempo

changes

Zoom Controls

Many of the views contain Zoom tools that let you change the horizontal and vertical scale of the view:

The zoom tools are used as described in the following table:

Tool… How you use it…

Zoom out Click to zoom out incrementally, or press

Shift and click to zoom all the way out

Zoom in Click to zoom in incrementally, or press

Shift and click to zoom all the way in

Zoom fader Click and drag to zoom continuously

Lasso zoom Click to arm, then click and drag in the

view to select the zoom area

Lasso zoom is automatically disarmed after use. Double-click the lasso

zoom button to make the selection stick.You can also zoom with the

keyboard:

Key… What it does…

I Zoom in vertically and horizontally

O Zoom out vertically and horizontally

G Go to (center) the Now time, without

zooming

Z Arm lasso zoom

U Undo the current zoom

Note:

In the Track view, you must also hold down the Ctrl and Alt keys when using these shortcut keys.

Layouts

You may spend a lot of time making sure that all the views are laid out

on the screen just the way you want. When you save your work, you can

save the screen layout along with it. You can also save the layout by

itself and then use the layout with other projects. See ÒLayoutsÓ on page

12-2.

Introduction

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Working on a Project

Much of your time in Pro Audio is spent recording and listening to your project or song as it develops. The Transport toolbar, shown below, contains the most important tools and other pieces of information youÕll need to record and play back your project.

Every project has a current time, known as the Now time. As you record or play back a project, the Now time shows your current location in the project. When you create a project, the Now time is set to the beginning of the project. The current Now time is saved with your project.

You control recording and playback using tools on the Transport toolbar, which work a lot like the ones on your tape deck or CD player:

Play RecordGo to Beginning

Go to EndStop

As you work with a project, you can use Pro AudioÕs mute and solo features to choose which tracks are played, or you can create loops to play a particular section over and over again. You can also create markers, which are named time points you add to your project to make it easy to jump to a particular location.

Reset

Play RecordGo to Beginning

Go to EndStop

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Other Types of Files

Pro Audio lets you create and work with several other types of Þles, in addition to the work Þles that store your songs and other projects:

File type… Purpose…

Play List To play a series of Pro Audio projects

and standard MIDI ﬁles, one after another

CAL To write, edit, and run CAL programs

that extend the capabilities of Pro Audio

StudioWare To control external MIDI devices from

Pro Audio

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Cakewalk Pro Audio 9 User's Guide

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Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual