Cabletron Systems 9032578-02 User Manual
SmartSwitch Router
User Reference Manual
9032578-02
Notice
2 SSR User Reference Manual
Notice
Notice
Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this
document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether
any such changes have been made.
The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT,
SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD
HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
© Copyright November 1998 by:
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
35 Industrial Way
Rochester, NH 03867-5005
All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Order Number:9032578-02
LANVIEW is a registered trademark, and SmartSwitch is a trademark of
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.
i960 microprocessor is a registered trademark of Intel Corp.
Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.
FCC Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment uses, generates, and
can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in accordance with the operator’s manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
WARNING: Changes or modifications made to this device which are not expressly approved by the par t y
responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
SSR User Reference Manual 3
Notice
VCCI Notice
This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by In formation
Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may
arise. When such trouble occurs, the user may be required to take corrective actions.
DOC Notice
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out
in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux
appareils numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le
ministère des Communication s du Canada .
4 SSR User Reference Manual
Notice
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
ADDENDUM
Application of Council Directive(s): 89/336/EEC
73/23/EEC
Manufacturer’s Name: Cabletron Systems, Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 35 Industrial Way
PO Box 5005
Rochester, NH 03867
European Representative Name: Mr. J. Solari
European Representative Address: Cabletron Systems Limited
Nexus House, Newbury
Business Park
London Road, Newbury
Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England
Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards: EC Directive 89/336/EEC
EC Directive 73/23/EEC
EN 55022
EN 50082-1
EN 60950
Equipment Type/Environment: Networking Equipment, for
use in a Commercial or Light
Industrial Environment.
We the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole responsibility, that the equipment packaged with
this notice conforms to the above directives.
Manufacturer Legal Representative in Europe
Mr. Ronald Fotino Mr. J. Solari
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Full Name Full Name
Principal Compliance Engineer Managing Director - E.M.E.A.
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Title Title
Rochester, NH, USA Newbury, Berkshire, England
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________
Location Location
SSR User Reference Manual 5
Notice
6 SSR User Reference Manual
Contents
Preface..................................................................................................... 15
About This Manual ................................................................................................................15
Who Should Read This Manual? .........................................................................................15
How to Use This Manual ......................................................................................................16
Related Documentation.........................................................................................................16
Chapter 1: SmartSwitch Router Product Overview.............................. 17
Supported Media (Encapsulation Type).............................................................................19
Supported Routing Protocols...............................................................................................19
Configuring the Cabletron SmartSwitch Router...............................................................20
Understanding the Command Line Interface.............................................................20
Basic Line Editing Commands......................................................................................20
Access Modes ..................................................................................................................21
User Mode........................................................................................................................22
Enable Mode....................................................................................................................22
Configure Mode ..............................................................................................................24
Boot PROM Mode...........................................................................................................25
Disabling a Function or Feature....................................................................................25
Loading System Images and Configuration Files .............................................................25
Boot and System Image..................................................................................................26
Configuration Files .........................................................................................................26
Loading System Image Software..................................................................................26
Loading Boot PROM Software......................................................................................27
Activate the Configuration Commands in the Scratchpad.......................................28
Copy the Configuration to the Startup Configuration File.......................................29
Managing the SSR ..................................................................................................................29
Set SSR Name ..................................................................................................................30
Set SSR Date and Time ...................................................................................................30
Configure NTP ................................................................................................................30
Configure the SSR CLI ...................................................................................................30
Configure SNMP Services .............................................................................................31
Configure DNS................................................................................................................31
Monitoring Configuration ....................................................................................................31
Chapter 2: Bridging Configuration Guide............................................. 33
Bridging Overview.................................................................................................................33
Spanning Tree (IEEE 802.1d).........................................................................................33
Bridging Modes (Flow-Based and Address-Based)...................................................34
VLAN Overview ....................................................................................................................34
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 7
Contents
Port-based VLANs.................................................................................................. 35
MAC-address-based VLANs................................................................................. 35
Protocol-based VLANs........................................................................................... 35
Subnet-based VLANs............................................................................................. 35
Multicast-based VLANs......................................................................................... 36
Policy-based VLANs .............................................................................................. 36
SSR VLAN Support........................................................................................................ 36
VLANs and the SSR................................................................................................ 36
Ports, VLANs, and L3 Interfaces .......................................................................... 37
Access Ports and Trunk Ports (802.1Q support)................................................. 37
Explicit and Implicit VLANs................................................................................. 38
Configuring SSR Bridging Functions ................................................................................. 38
Configure Address-based or Flow-based Bridging .................................................. 38
Configuring Spanning Tree.......................................................................................... 39
Adjust Spanning-Tree Parameters............................................................................... 40
Set the Bridge Priority ............................................................................................ 40
Set a Port Priority.................................................................................................... 40
Assign Port Costs.................................................................................................... 41
Adjust Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Intervals ......................................... 41
Adjust the Interval between Hello Times .................................................... 41
Define the Forward Delay Interval ............................................................... 41
Define the Maximum Age .............................................................................. 42
Configuring a Port or Protocol based VLAN............................................................. 42
Create a Port or Protocol Based VLAN................................................................ 42
Adding Ports to a VLAN ....................................................................................... 42
Configuring VLAN Trunk Ports.................................................................................. 42
Configure Bridging for Non-IP/IPX Protocols.......................................................... 43
Configure Layer-2 Filters.............................................................................................. 43
Monitor Bridging................................................................................................................... 43
Configuration Examples....................................................................................................... 44
Creating an IP or IPX VLAN........................................................................................ 44
Chapter 3: IP Routing Configuration Guide ..........................................45
IP Routing Overview ............................................................................................................ 45
IP Routing Protocols...................................................................................................... 46
Unicast Routing Protocols ..................................................................................... 46
Multicast Routing Protocols.................................................................................. 46
Configuring IP Interfaces and Parameters ........................................................................ 47
Configure IP Addresses to Ports.................................................................................. 47
Configure IP Interfaces for a VLAN............................................................................ 47
Specify Ethernet Encapsulation Method .................................................................... 47
Configure Address Resolution Protocol..................................................................... 48
Configure ARP Cache Entries............................................................................... 48
Configure Proxy ARP............................................................................................. 48
Configure DNS Parameters .......................................................................................... 49
Configure IP Services (ICMP) ...................................................................................... 49
Configure IP Helper....................................................................................................... 49
Configure Direct Broadcast .......................................................................................... 50
Monitor IP Parameters.......................................................................................................... 50
Configuration Examples....................................................................................................... 51
8 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
Contents
Assigning IP/IPX Interfaces..........................................................................................51
Chapter 4: RIP Configuration Guide ...................................................... 53
RIP Overview..........................................................................................................................53
Configure RIP .........................................................................................................................53
Enabling and Disabling RIP ..........................................................................................54
Configuring RIP Interfaces............................................................................................54
Configure RIP Parameters.............................................................................................54
Configure RIP Route Preference...................................................................................55
Configure RIP Route Default-Metric ...........................................................................56
Monitoring RIP.......................................................................................................................56
Configuration Example.........................................................................................................57
Chapter 5: OSPF Configuration Guide................................................... 59
OSPF Overview ......................................................................................................................59
OSPF Multipath...............................................................................................................60
Configure OSPF......................................................................................................................60
Enable OSPF.....................................................................................................................60
Configure OSPF Interface Parameters.........................................................................61
Configure an OSPF Area................................................................................................62
Configure OSPF Area Parameters................................................................................63
Create Virtual Links........................................................................................................63
Configure Autonomous System External (ASE) Link Advertisements..................64
Configure OSPF over Non-Broadcast Multiple Access.............................................64
Monitoring OSPF....................................................................................................................65
OSPF Configuration Examples.............................................................................................66
Exporting All Interface & Static Routes to OSPF.........................................67
Export All RIP, Interface & Static Routes to OSPF ......................................67
Chapter 6: BGP Configuration Guide..................................................... 71
BGP Overview ........................................................................................................................71
The SSR BGP Implementation.......................................................................................72
Basic BGP Tasks......................................................................................................................72
Setting the Autonomous System Number ..................................................................73
Setting the Router ID......................................................................................................73
Configuring a BGP Peer Group ....................................................................................73
Adding a BGP Peer.........................................................................................................75
Starting BGP.....................................................................................................................75
Using AS-Path Regular Expressions ............................................................................75
AS-Path Regular Expression Examples................................................................76
Using the AS Path Prepend Feature.............................................................................77
Notes on Using the AS Path Prepend Feature.....................................................78
BGP Configuration Examples ..............................................................................................78
BGP Peering Session Example ......................................................................................78
IBGP Configuration Example........................................................................................81
IBGP Routing Group Example...............................................................................81
IBGP Internal Group Example...............................................................................84
EBGP Multihop Configuration Example.....................................................................87
Community Attribute Example....................................................................................90
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 9
Contents
Notes on Using Communities............................................................................... 97
Local_Pref Attribute Example...................................................................................... 97
Notes on Using the Local_Pref Attribute ............................................................ 99
Multi-Exit Discriminator Attribute Example ............................................................. 99
EBGP Aggregation Example....................................................................................... 101
Route Reflection Example........................................................................................... 102
Notes on Using Route Reflection........................................................................ 105
Chapter 7: Routing Policy Configuration Guide.................................. 107
Route Import and Export Policy Overview..................................................................... 107
Preference......................................................................................................................108
Import Policies.............................................................................................................. 109
Import-Source........................................................................................................ 109
Route-Filter ............................................................................................................ 110
Export Policies .............................................................................................................. 110
Export-Destination................................................................................................ 110
Export-Source ........................................................................................................ 110
Route-Filter ............................................................................................................ 111
Specifying a Route Filter ............................................................................................. 111
Aggregates and Generates.......................................................................................... 112
Aggregate-Destination ......................................................................................... 113
Aggregate-Source.................................................................................................. 113
Route-Filter ............................................................................................................ 114
Authentication.............................................................................................................. 114
Authentication Methods...................................................................................... 114
Authentication Keys and Key Management..................................................... 115
Configure Simple Routing Policies................................................................................... 115
Redistributing Static Routes ....................................................................................... 116
Redistributing Directly Attached Networks ............................................................ 116
Redistributing RIP into RIP ........................................................................................ 117
Redistributing RIP into OSPF..................................................................................... 117
Redistributing OSPF to RIP ........................................................................................ 117
Redistributing Aggregate Routes .............................................................................. 117
Simple Route Redistribution Examples.................................................................... 118
Example 1: Redistribution into RIP.................................................................... 118
Exporting a Given Static Route to All RIP Interfaces............................... 119
Exporting All Static Routes to All RIP Interfaces...................................... 119
Exporting All Static Routes Except the Default Route to All RIP
Interfaces ..................................................................................................... 119
Example 2: Redistribution into OSPF................................................................. 119
Exporting All Interface & Static Routes to OSPF ...................................... 120
Export all RIP, Interface & Static Routes to OSPF..................................... 120
Configure Advanced Routing Policies............................................................................. 121
Export Policies .............................................................................................................. 121
Creating an Export Destination.................................................................................. 123
Creating an Export Source.......................................................................................... 123
Import Policies.............................................................................................................. 123
Creating an Import Source.......................................................................................... 124
Creating a Route Filter ................................................................................................ 124
Creating an Aggregate Route..................................................................................... 124
10 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
Contents
Creating an Aggregate Destination............................................................................126
Creating an Aggregate Source ....................................................................................126
Examples of Import Policies........................................................................................126
Example 1: Importing from RIP...........................................................................126
Importing a Selected Subset of Routes from One RIP Trusted
Gateway........................................................................................................128
Importing a Selected Subset of Routes from All RIP Peers Accessible Over
a Certain Interface.......................................................................................129
Example 2: Importing from OSPF.......................................................................129
Importing a Selected Subset of OSPF-ASE Routes....................................132
Examples of Export Policies ........................................................................................133
Example 1: Exporting to RIP................................................................................133
Exporting a Given Static Route to All RIP Interfaces................................134
Exporting a Given Static Route to a Specific RIP Interface ......................135
Exporting All Static Routes Reachable Over a Given Interface to a Specific
RIP-Interface ................................................................................................136
Exporting Aggregate-Routes into RIP.........................................................136
Example 2: Exporting to OSPF.............................................................................138
Exporting All Interface & Static Routes to OSPF.......................................139
Exporting All RIP, Interface & Static Routes to OSPF...............................140
Chapter 8: Multicast Routing Configuration Guide ........................... 143
IP Multicast Overview.........................................................................................................143
IGMP Overview ............................................................................................................143
DVMRP Overview........................................................................................................144
Configure IGMP...................................................................................................................145
Configuring IGMP on an IP Interface........................................................................145
Configure IGMP Query Interval.................................................................................145
Configure IGMP Response Wait Time.......................................................................145
Configure Per-Interface Control of IGMP Membership..........................................146
Configure DVMRP...............................................................................................................146
Starting and Stopping DVMRP...................................................................................146
Configure DVMRP on an Interface ............................................................................147
Configure DVMRP Parameters...................................................................................147
Configure the DVMRP Routing Metric .....................................................................147
Configure DVMRP TTL & Scope................................................................................148
Configure a DVMRP Tunnel.......................................................................................148
Monitor IGMP & DVMRP...................................................................................................149
Configuration Examples .....................................................................................................150
Chapter 9: IPX Routing Configuration Guide...................................... 151
IPX Routing Overview ........................................................................................................151
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)...........................................................................151
SAP (Service Advertising Protocol) ...........................................................................152
Configuring IPX RIP & SAP ...............................................................................................153
IPX RIP............................................................................................................................153
IPX SAP ..........................................................................................................................153
Creating IPX Interfaces ................................................................................................153
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 11
Contents
IPX Addresses............................................................................................................... 153
Configuring IPX Interfaces and Parameters.................................................................... 154
Configure IPX Addresses to Ports............................................................................. 154
Configure IPX Interfaces for a VLAN....................................................................... 154
Specify IPX Encapsulation Method........................................................................... 154
Configure IPX Routing ....................................................................................................... 155
Enable IPX RIP.............................................................................................................. 155
Enable SAP.................................................................................................................... 155
Configure Static Routes............................................................................................... 155
Configure Static SAP Table Entries ........................................................................... 156
Control Access to IPX Networks................................................................................ 156
Create an IPX Access Control List...................................................................... 156
Create an IPX Type 20 Access Control List....................................................... 157
Create an IPX SAP Access Control List ............................................................. 157
Create an IPX GNS Access Control List............................................................. 157
Create an IPX RIP Access Control List............................................................... 158
Monitor an IPX Network.................................................................................................... 158
Configuration Examples..................................................................................................... 158
Chapter 10: Security Configuration Guide .......................................... 161
Security Overview...............................................................................................................161
Configuring SSR Access Security...................................................................................... 162
Configure RADIUS ...................................................................................................... 162
Monitor RADIUS .................................................................................................. 162
Configure TACACS ..................................................................................................... 162
Monitor TACACS ................................................................................................. 163
Configure TACACS Plus............................................................................................. 163
Monitor TACACS Plus......................................................................................... 163
Configure Passwords................................................................................................... 164
Layer-2 Security Filters....................................................................................................... 164
Configuring Layer-2 Address Filters ........................................................................ 165
Configuring Layer-2 Port-to-Address Lock Filters................................................. 165
Configuring Layer-2 Static Entry Filters................................................................... 166
Configuring Layer-2 Secure Port Filters................................................................... 166
Monitor Layer-2 Security Filters................................................................................ 167
Layer-2 Filter Examples............................................................................................... 168
Example 1: Address Filters.................................................................................. 168
Static Entries Example................................................................................... 168
Port-to-Address Lock Examples.................................................................. 169
Example 2 : Secure Ports...................................................................................... 169
Layer-3 Access Control Lists (ACLs)................................................................................ 170
Layer-3 & Layer-4 Traffic Filters (Access Control List).......................................... 170
Anatomy of an ACL Rule............................................................................................ 170
Ordering of ACL Rules................................................................................................ 171
Implicit Deny Rule....................................................................................................... 172
Applying ACLs to Interfaces...................................................................................... 173
Applying ACLs to Services......................................................................................... 174
ACL Logging ................................................................................................................ 174
Maintaining ACLs Offline Using TFTP or RCP....................................................... 175
Maintaining ACLs Using the ACL Editor................................................................ 176
12 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
Contents
Configure ACL..............................................................................................................176
Defining an IP ACL ...............................................................................................176
Defining an IPX ACL.............................................................................................177
Applying an ACL to an Interface........................................................................177
Applying an ACL to a Service .............................................................................177
Edit an ACL with the ACL Editor.......................................................................177
Monitoring Access Control Lists ................................................................................177
Chapter 11: QoS Configuration Guide ................................................ 179
QoS & Layer-2/Layer-3/Layer-4 Flow Overview..........................................................179
Layer-2, Layer-3 & Layer-4 Flow Specification ........................................................179
Precedence for Layer-3 Flows .....................................................................................180
SSR Queuing Policies....................................................................................................180
Configure Layer-2 QoS........................................................................................................181
Configuring Layer-3 & Layer-4 QoS .................................................................................181
Configuring IP QoS Policies........................................................................................182
Setting an IP QoS Policy .......................................................................................182
Specifying Precedence for an IP QoS Policy......................................................182
Configuring IPX QoS Policies .....................................................................................182
Setting an IPX QoS Policy.....................................................................................183
Specifying Precedence for an IPX QoS Policy ...................................................183
Configuring SSR Queueing Policy.....................................................................................183
Allocating Bandwidth for a Weighted-Fair Queuing Policy..................................183
Monitoring QoS....................................................................................................................184
Chapter 12: Performance Monitoring Guide ...................................... 185
Performance Monitoring Overview ..................................................................................185
Configuring the SSR for Port Mirroring....................................................................187
Chapter 13: Hot Swapping
Line Cards and Control Modules....................................................... 189
Hot Swapping Overview ....................................................................................................189
Hot Swapping Line Cards ..................................................................................................189
Deactivating the Line Card..........................................................................................190
Removing the Line Card..............................................................................................190
Installing a New Line Card ..................................................................................191
Hot Swapping One Type of Line Card With Another.............................................191
Hot Swapping a Secondary Control Module...................................................................191
Deactivating the Control Module...............................................................................192
Removing the Control Module...................................................................................192
Installing the Control Module.....................................................................................193
Hot Swapping a Switching Fabric Module (SSR 8600 only)..........................................193
Chapter 14: VRRP Configuration Guide............................................... 195
VRRP Overview ...................................................................................................................195
Configuring VRRP ...............................................................................................................195
Basic VRRP Configuration...........................................................................................196
Configuration of Router R1..................................................................................196
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 13
Contents
Configuration for Router R2................................................................................ 197
Symmetrical Configuration ........................................................................................ 197
Configuration of Router R1................................................................................. 198
Configuration of Router R2................................................................................. 199
Multi-Backup Configuration ...................................................................................... 199
Configuration of Router R1................................................................................. 201
Configuration of Router R2................................................................................. 202
Configuration of Router R3................................................................................. 203
Additional Configuration ........................................................................................... 203
Setting the Backup Priority.................................................................................. 204
Setting the Advertisement Interval.................................................................... 204
Setting Pre-empt Mode ........................................................................................ 204
Setting an Authentication Key............................................................................ 205
Monitoring VRRP................................................................................................................ 205
ip-redundancy trace..................................................................................................... 205
ip-redundancy show.................................................................................................... 206
VRRP Configuration Notes................................................................................................ 206
14 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
About This Manual
This manual provides detailed information and procedures for configuring the
SmartSwitch Router SSR software. If you have not yet installed the SSR, use the
instructions in the SmartSwitch Router Getting Started Guide to install the chassis and
perform basic setup tasks, then return to this manual for more detailed configuration
information.
Who Should Read This Manual?
Read this manual if you are a network administrator responsible for configuring and
monitoring the SSR.
Preface
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 15
Preface
How to Use This Manual
If You Want To See
Read overview information Chapter 1 on page 17
Configure bridging Chapter 2 on page 33
Configure IP interfaces and global routing parameters Chapter 3 on page 45
Configure RIP routing Chapter 4 on page 53
Configure OSPF routing Chapter 5 on page 59
Configure BGP routing Chapter 6 on page 71
Configure routing policies Chapter 7 on page 107
Configure IP multicast routing Chapter 8 on page 143
Configure IPX routing Chapter 9 on page 151
Configure security Chapter 10 on page 161
Configure QoS (Quality of Service) parameters Chapter 11 on page 179
Monitor performance Chapter 12 on page 185
Hot swap line cards and Control Modules Chapter 13 on page 189
Configure VRRP Chapter 14 on page 195
Related Documentation
The Cabletron Systems documentation set includes the following items. Refer to these
other documents to learn more about your product.
For Information About See the
Installing and setting up the SSR SmartSwitch Router Getting Started Guide
Managing the SSR using Cabletron
Systems’ element management application
The complete syntax for all CLI commands SmartSwitch Router Command Line
System messages and SNMP traps SmartSwitch Router Error Message
CoreWatch User’s Manual and the
CoreWatch online help
Interface Reference Manual
Reference Manual
16 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
Chapter 1
SmartSwitch
Router Product
Overview
The SmartSwitch Router (SSR) provides non-blocking, wire-speed Layer-2 (switching),
Layer-3 (routing) and Layer-4 (application) switching. The hardware provides wire-speed
performance regardless of the performance monitoring, filtering, and Quality of Service
(QoS) features enabled by the software. You do not need to accept performance
compromises to run QoS or access control lists (ACLs).
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 17
Chapter 1: SmartSwitch Router Product Overview
The following table lists the basic hardware and software specifications for the SSR:
Table 1. SSR Hardware and software specifications
Feature Specification
Throughput • 16-Gbps non-blocking switching fabric
Capacity • Up to 250,000 routes
• 15 million packets-per-second routing throughput
• Up to 2,000,000 Layer-4 application flows
• 400,000 Layer-2 MAC addresses
• 4,096 Virtual LANs (VLANs)
• 20,000 Layer-2 security and access-control filters
• 3MB input/output buffering per Gigabit port
• 1MB input/output buffering per 10/100 port
Routing protocols • IP: RIPv1/v2, OSPF, BGP 2,3,4
• IPX: RIP, SAP
• Multicast: IGMP, DVMRP
Bridging and VLAN
protocols
• 802.1d Spanning Tree
• 802.1Q (VLAN trunking)
Media Interface protocols • 802.3 (10Base-T)
• 802.3u (100Base-TX, 100BASE-FX)
• 802.3x (1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX)
• 802.3z (1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX)
Quality of Service (QoS) • Layer-2 prioritization (802.1p)
• Layer-3 source-destination flows
• Layer-4 source-destination flows
• Layer-4 application flows
RMON • RMONv1/v2 for each port
Management • SNMP
• CoreWatch Element Manager (GUI)
• Emacs-like Command Line Interface (CLI)
18 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
Chapter 1: SmartSwitch Router Product Overview
Table 1. SSR Hardware and software specifications (continued)
Feature Specification
Port mirroring • Traffic to Control Module
• Traffic from specific ports
• Traffic to specific chassis slots (line cards)
Hot swapping • Power supply (when redundant supply is installed
and online)
Load balancing/sharing • Cabletron Systems SMARTtrunk support
Redundancy • Redundant and hot-swappable power supplies
• Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
Supported Media (Encapsulation Type)
The SSR supports the following industry-standard networking media:
• IP: IEEE 802.3 SNAP and Ethernet Type II
• IPX: IEEE 802.3 SNAP, Ethernet Type II, IPX 802.3, 802.2
• 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation
Supported Routing Protocols
The SSR supports many routing protocols based on open standards. The SSR can receive
and forward packets concurrently from any combination of the following:
• Interior gateway protocols:
– Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Version 2
– Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Version 1, 2
Chapter 3: “IP Routing Configuration Guide” on page 45 describes these protocols in
detail.
• Exterior gateway protocol:
– Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Version 2,3,4
Chapter 6: “BGP Configuration Guide” on page 71 describes this protocol in detail.
• Novell IPX routing protocols:
– Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual 19
Chapter 1: SmartSwitch Router Product Overview
– Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
Chapter 9: “IPX Routing Configuration Guide” on page 151 describes these protocols
in detail.
Configuring the Cabletron SmartSwitch Router
The SSR provides a command line interface (CLI) that allows you to configure and
manage the SSR. The CLI has several command modes, each of which provides a group of
related commands that you can use to configure the SSR and display its status. Some
commands are available to all users; others can be executed only after the user enters an
“Enable” password.
You use the CLI to configure ports, IP/IPX interfaces, routing, switching, security filters
and Quality of Service (QoS) policies.
Understanding the Command Line Interface
The SSR Command Line Interface (CLI) provides access to several different command
modes. Each command mode provides a group of related commands. This chapter
describes how to access and list the commands available in each command mode and
explains the primary uses for each command mode. This chapter also describes the other
features of the user interface.
SSR commands can be entered at a terminal connected to the access server or router using
the command line interface (CLI). The SSR can also be configured using the CoreWatch
Java-based management application. Using CoreWatch is described in the CoreWatch
User’s Guide.
Basic Line Editing Commands
The CLI supports EMACs-like line editing commands. The following table lists some
commonly used commands.
Table 2. Common CLI key commands
Key Sequence Command
Ctrl+A Move cursor to beginning of line
Ctrl+B Move cursor back one character
Ctrl+D Delete character
Ctrl+E Move cursor to end of line
20 SmartSwitch Router User Reference Manual
Table 2. Common CLI key commands (continued)
Key Sequence Command
Ctrl+F Move cursor forward one character
Ctrl+N Scroll to next command in command history (use the cli show
Ctrl+P Scroll to previous command in command history
Ctrl+U Erase entire line
Ctrl+X Erase from cursor to end of line
Ctrl+Z Exit current access mode to previous access mode
Access Modes
The SSR CLI has four access modes.
Chapter 1: SmartSwitch Router Product Overview
history command to display the history)
• User – Allows you to display basic information and use basic utilities such as ping but
does not allow you to display SNMP, filter and access control list information or make
other configuration changes. You are in User mode when the command prompt ends
with the
>
character:
• Enable – Allows you to display SNMP, filter, and access control information as well as
all the information you can display in User mode. To enter Enable mode, enter the
enable command, then supply the password when prompted. When you are in Enable
mode, the command prompt ends with the
#
character:
• Configure – Allows you to make configuration changes. To enter Configure mode, first
enter Enable mode (enable command), then enter the configure command from the
Enable command prompt. When you are in Configure mode, the command prompt
ends with
(config)
.
• Boot – This mode appears when the SSR the external flash card or the system image is
not found during bootup. You should enter the reboot command to reset the SSR. If the
SSR still fails to bootup, please call Cabletron Technical Support.
Note:
The command prompt will show the name of the SmartSwitch Router in front of
the mode character(s). The default name is “ssr”.
When you are in Configure or Enable mode, enter the exit command or press Ctrl+Z to
exit to the previous access mode.
Note:
When you exit Configure mode, the CLI will ask you whether you want to
activate the configuration commands you have issued. If you enter Y (Yes), the
configuration commands you issued are placed into effect and the SmartSwitch
Router’s configuration is changed accordingly. However, the changes are not
written to the Startup configuration file in the Control Module’s boot flash and
therefore are not reinstated after a reboot.
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User Mode
After you log in to the SSR, you are automatically in User mode. The User commands
available are a subset of those available in Enable mode. In general, the User commands
allow you to display basic information and use basic utilities such as ping information.
To list the User commands, enter:
List the User commands. ?
The User mode command prompt consists of the SSR name followed by the angle bracket
(>):
ssr>
The default name is SSR unless it has been changed during initial configuration using the
system set name command. Refer to the SmartSwitch Router Command Line Interface
Reference Manual for information on the system facility.
To list the commands available in User mode, enter a question mark (?) as shown in the
following example:
ssr> ?
aging - Show L2 and L3 Aging information
cli - Modify the command line interface behavior
dvmrp - Show DVMRP related parameters
enable - Enable privileged user mode
exit - Exit current mode
file - File manipulation commands
igmp - Show IGMP related parameters
ipx - Show IPX related parameters
l2-tables - Show L2 Tables information
logout - Log off the system
multicast - Configure Multicast related parameters
ping - Ping utility
statistics - Show or clear SSR statistics
stp - Show STP status
traceroute - Traceroute utility
vlan - Show VLAN-related parameters
Enable Mode
Enable mode provides more facilities than User mode. You can display critical features
within Enable mode including router configuration, access control lists and SNMP
statistics. To enter Enable mode, enter the enable command, then supply the password
when prompted.
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To list the Enable commands, enter:
List the Enable commands. ?
The Enable mode command prompt consists of the SSR name followed by the pound
sign(#):
ssr#
To list the commands available in Enable mode, enter a question mark (?) as shown in the
following example:
ssr# ?
acl - Show L3 Access Control List
aging - Show L2 and L3 Aging information
arp - Show or modify ARP entries
cli - Modify the command line interface behavior
configure - Enter Configuration Mode
copy - Copy configuration database
dvmrp - Show DVMRP related parameters
enable - Enable privileged user mode
exit - Exit current mode
file - File manipulation commands
filters - Show L2 security filters
http - Show http parameters
igmp - Show IGMP related parameters
interface - Show interface related parameters
ip - Show IP related parameters
ip-router - Show unicast IP Routing related parameters
ipx - Show IPX related parameters
l2-tables - Show L2 Tables information
logout - Log off the system
mtrace - Multicast Traceroute utility
multicast - Configure Multicast related parameters
ospf - Show/Monitor Open Shortest Path First Protocol
(OSPF).
ping - Ping utility
port - Show or change Port parameters
qos - Show Quality of Service parameters
reboot - Reboot the system
rip - Show/Query Routing Information Protocol(RIP)
tables
snmp - Show SNMP related parameters.
statistics - Show or clear SSR statistics
stp - Show STP status
system - Show system-wide parameters
tacacs - Show TACACS related parameters
traceroute - Traceroute utility
vlan - Show VLAN-related parameters
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To exit Enable mode and return to User mode, use one of the following commands:
Exit Enable mode.
Configure Mode
Configure mode provides the capabilities to configure all features and functions on the
SSR. You can configure features and functions within Configure mode including router
configuration, access control lists and spanning tree.
To list the Configure commands, enter:
List the Configure commands. ?
The Configure mode command prompt consists of the SSR name followed by the pound
sign (#):
ssr(config)#
To list the commands available in Configure mode, enter a question mark (?) as shown in
the following example:
exit
Ctrl+Z
ssr(config)# ?
acl - Configure L3 Access Control List
acl-edit - Edit an ACL in the ACL Editor
aging - Configure L2 and L3 Aging
arp - Configure ARP entries
bgp - Configure Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
cli - Modify the command line interface behavior
dvmrp - Configure DVMRP related parameters
exit - Exit current mode
filters - Configure L2 security filters
http - Configure SNMP related parameters.
igmp - Configure IGMP related parameters
interface - Configure interface related parameters
ip - Configure IP related parameters
ip-router - Configure Unicast Routing Protocol related
parameters
ipx - Configure IPX related parameters
ospf - Configure Open Shortest Path Protocol (OSPF)
port - Configure Port parameters
qos - Configure Quality of Service parameters
rip - Configure Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
snmp - Configure SNMP related parameters.
stp - Configure STP parameters
system - Configure system-wide parameters
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tacacs - Configure TACACS related parameters
vlan - Configure VLAN-related parameters
Special configuration mode commands:
erase - Erase configuration information
negate - Negate a command or a group of commands
using line numbers
no - Negate matching commands
save - Save configuration information
search - Look up a command in configuration
show - Show configuration commands
To exit Configure mode and return to Enable mode, use one of the following commands:
Exit Configure mode.
Boot PROM Mode
If your SSR does not find a valid system image on the external PCMCIA flash, the system
might enter programmable read-only memory (PROM) mode. You should then reboot the
SSR at the boot PROM to restart the system. If the system fails to reboot successfully,
please call Cabletron Systems Technical Support to resolve the problem.
To reboot the SSR from the ROM monitor mode, enter the following command.
Reboot in Boot PROM mode.
Disabling a Function or Feature
The CLI provides for an implicit negate. This allows for the “disabling” of a feature or
function which has been “enabled”. Use the negate command on a specific line of the
active configuration to “disable” a feature or function which has been enabled. For
example, Spanning Tree Protocol is disabled by default. If after enabling Spanning Tree
Protocol on the SmartSwitch Router, you want to disable STP, you must specify the negate
command on the line of the active configuration containing the
exit
Ctrl+Z
reboot
stp enable
command.
Loading System Images and Configuration Files
The SSR contains an internal flash on the Control Module and an external PC flash. The
internal flash contains the SSR boot image and user defined configuration files. An
external PC flash contains the system image executed by the Control module. When an
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SSR boots, the boot image is executed first, followed by the system image and finishing
with a configuration file.
Boot and System Image
Only one boot image exists on the internal flash of the SSR Control Module. Multiple
system images can be stored on the external PC flash.
Configuration Files
The SSR uses three special configuration files:
• Active – The commands from the Startup configuration file and any configuration
commands that you have made active from the scratchpad (see below).
Caution:
you power down or reboot the SSR without saving the active configuration changes to the
Startup configuration file, the changes are lost.
• Startup – The configuration file that the SSR uses to configure itself when the system
• Scratchpad – The configuration commands you have entered during a management
The active configuration remains in effect only during the current power cycle. If
is powered on.
session. These commands do not become active until you explicitly activate them.
Because some commands depend on other commands for successful execution, the
SSR scratchpad simplifies system configuration by allowing you to enter configuration
commands in any order, even when dependencies exist. When you activate the
commands in the scratchpad, the SSR sorts out the dependencies and executes the
command in the proper sequence.
Loading System Image Software
By default, the SSR boots using the system image software installed on the Control
Module’s PCMCIA flash card. To upgrade the system software and boot using the
upgraded image, use the following procedure.
1. Display the current boot settings by entering the system show version command:
Here is an example:
ctron-ssr-1# system show version
Software Information
Software Version : 1.0
Copyright : Copyright (c) 1996-1998 Cabletron Systems, Inc.
Image Information : Version 1.0, built on Fri Mar 20 19:28:49 1998
Image Boot Location: file:/pc-flash/boot/ssr8/
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Note: In this example, the location “pc-flash” indicates that the SSR is set to use the
factory-installed software on the flash card.
2. Copy the software upgrade you want to install onto a TFTP server that the SSR can
access. (Use the ping command to verify that the SSR can reach the TFTP server.)
3. Use the system image add command to copy the software upgrade onto the PCMCIA
flash card in the Control Module.
Here is an example:
ctron-ssr-1# system image add 10.50.11.12 ssr8000
Downloading image 'ssr8000' from host '10.50.11.12'
to local image ssr8000 (takes about 3 minutes)
kernel: 100%
Image checksum validated.
Image added.
4. Enter the system image list command to list the images on the PCMCIA flash card
and verify that the new image is on the card:
Here is an example:
ctron-ssr-1# system image list
Images currently available:
ssr8-1.0
5. Use the system image choose command to select the image file the SSR will use the
next time you reboot the switch.
Here is an example:
ctron-ssr-1# system image choose ssr8000_10A9
Making image ssr8-1.0 the active image for next reboot
6. Enter the system image list command to verify the change.
Note: You do not need to activate this change.
Loading Boot PROM Software
The SSR boots using the boot PROM software installed on the Control Module’s internal
memory. To upgrade the boot PROM software and boot using the upgraded image, use
the following procedure.
1. Display the current boot settings by entering the system show version command:
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Here is an example:
ctron-ssr-1# system show version
Software Information
Software Version : 1.0
Copyright : Copyright (c) 1996-1998 Cabletron Systems, Inc.
Image Information : Version 1.0.B.13, built on Wed Mar 25 22:49:07 1998
Image Boot Location: file:/pc-flash/boot/ssr8/
Boot Prom Version : prom-1.0
In this example, the location “pc-flash” indicates that the SSR is set to use the factoryinstalled software on the flash card.
2. Copy the software upgrade you want to install onto a TFTP server that the SSR can
access. (Use the ping command to verify that the SSR can reach the TFTP server.)
3. Use the system promimage upgrade command to copy the boot PROM upgrade onto
the internal memory in the Control Module.
Here is an example:
ctron-ssr-1# system promimage upgrade 10.50.11.12 prom2
Downloading image 'prom2' from host '10.50.11.12'
to local image prom2 (takes about 3 minutes)
kernel: 100%
Image checksum validated.
Image added.
4. Enter the system show version command to verify that the new boot PROM software
is on the internal memory of the Control Module:
Activate the Configuration Commands in the Scratchpad
The configuration commands you have entered using procedures in this chapter are in the
Scratchpad but have not yet been activated. Use the following procedure to activate the
configuration commands in the scratchpad.
1. If you have not already done so, enter the enable command to enter Enable mode in
the CLI.
2. If you have not already done so, enter the configure command to enter Configure
mode in the CLI.
3. Enter the following command:
save active
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4. The CLI displays the following message:
Do you want to make the changes Active? [y]
5. Enter yes or y to activate the changes.
Note: If you exit Configure mode (by entering the exit command or pressing Ctrl+Z),
the CLI will ask you whether you want to make the changes in the scratchpad
active.
Copy the Configuration to the Startup Configuration File
After you save the configuration commands in the scratchpad, the Control Module
executes the commands and makes the corresponding configuration changes to the SSR.
However, if you power down or reboot the SSR, the new changes are lost. Use the
following procedure to save the changes into the Startup configuration file so that the SSR
reinstates the changes when you reboot the software.
1. Ensure that you are in the Enable mode by entering the enable command.
2. Enter the following command to copy the configuration changes in the Active
configuration to the Startup configuration:
copy active to startup
3. When the CLI displays the following message, enter yes or y to save the changes.
Are you sure you want to overwrite the Startup configuration? [n]
Note: You also can save active changes to the Startup configuration file from within
Configure mode by entering the save startup command:
The new configuration changes are added to the Startup configuration file stored in the
Control Module’s boot flash.
Managing the SSR
The SSR contains numerous system facilities for system management. You can perform
configuration management tasks on the SSR including:
• Setting the SSR name
• Setting the SSR date and time
• Configuring the CLI
• Configuring SNMP services
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Set SSR Name
The SSR name is set to ssr by default. You may customize the name for the SSR by
entering the following command in Configure mode:.
Set the SSR name.
Set SSR Date and Time
The SSR system time can keep track of time as entered by the user or via NTP. To
configure the SSR date and time manually, enter the following command in Enable mode:
Set SSR date and time.
Configure NTP
You can use the ntp set server command to instruct the SSR’s NTP client to periodically
synchronize its clock. By default, the SSR specifies an NTPv3 client that sends a
synchronization packet to the server every 60 minutes. This means the SSR will attempt to
set its own clock against the server once every hour. The synchronization interval as well
as the NTP version number can be changed.
Note:
To ensure that NTP has the correct time, you need to specify the time zone, as
well. You can set the time zone by using the system set timezone command.
When specifying daylight saving time, you’ll need to use the system set daylight-
saving command.
system set name
system set date year
day
<day>
hour
<hour>
<system-name>
month
<year>
min
<month>
<min>
second
<sec>
To configure the SSR’s NTP client to synchronize its clock, enter the following command
in Configure mode:
Instruct SSR’s NTP server to
periodically synchronize clock
ntp set server
[source
<ipaddr>
<host>
] [version
[interval
<minutes>
<num>
]
]
Configure the SSR CLI
You can customize the CLI display format to a desired line length or row count. To
configure the CLI terminal display, enter the following command in Enable mode:
Configure the CLI terminal display.
cli set terminal rows
<num>
<num>
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