Cabletron Systems 7C03, 7C04-R, 7C04 User Manual

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Portable Management Application

for the

7C03, 7C04, and 7C04-R

SmartSwitch Hubs

User’s Guide

The Complete Networking Solution

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Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in speciﬁcations and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.

The hardware, ﬁrmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.

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Cabletron Systems makes no representations or warranties to the effect that the Licensed Software is virus-free.

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Order Number: 9031977-E1 October 1996

Cabletron Systems, Inc. P.O. Box 5005 Rochester, NH 03866-5005

SPECTRUM , MiniMMAC , FNB , Multi Media Access Center , and DNI are registered trademarks,

and Portable Management Application , IRM , IRM2 , IRM3 , IRBM , ESXMIM , ETSMIM , EMME ,

EMM-E6 , ETWMIM , FDMMIM , FDCMIM , MicroMMAC , MRXI , MRXI-24 , NB20E , NB25E , NB30 , NB35E , NBR , SEHI , STHI , TRBMIM , TRMM , TRMM-2 , TRMM-4 , TRMMIM , TRXI , Media Interface Module , MIM , and Flexible Network Bus are trademarks of Cabletron Systems, Inc.

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Chapter 1 Introduction to SPMA

for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide............................................................... 1-2

What’s NOT in the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide . . . ................................. 1-4

Conventions................................................................................................................... 1-5

Screen Displays ......................................................................................................1-5

Using the Mouse ....................................................................................................1-7

Getting Help ..................................................................................................................1-8

7C0x SmartSwitch Firmware....................................................................................... 1-8

Chapter 2 Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Hub View

Using the Hub View ..................................................................................................... 2-1

Navigating Through the Hub View ....................................................................2-2

Hub View Front Panel........................................................................................... 2-3

Using the Mouse in a Hub View Module........................................................... 2-4

Monitoring Hub Performance..................................................................................... 2-5

Selecting the Application Display Mode............................................................ 2-6

COM Port and FDDI Front Panel Displays.................................................2-8

FDDI Port Display Forms....................................................................... 2-8

FDDI Color Codes ................................................................................. 2-10

The Switch Application Display................................................................. 2-10

Switch Port Display Forms .................................................................. 2-11

Switch Port Color Codes ......................................................................2-12

The Bridge Application Display................................................................. 2-13

Bridge Port Display Forms................................................................... 2-13

Bridge Port Color Codes....................................................................... 2-15

The Interface Application Display ............................................................. 2-15

Interface Port Display Forms............................................................... 2-16

Interface Port Color Codes................................................................... 2-20

Viewing Device Conﬁguration .......................................................................... 2-20

Viewing the Interface List................................................................................... 2-22

Viewing Switch Status......................................................................................... 2-23

Viewing the Source Address List....................................................................... 2-24

Managing the Hub...................................................................................................... 2-25

Launching SPMA Tools from the Hub View.................................................... 2-25

Module Utilities ............................................................................................ 2-26

MIB I, II .......................................................................................................... 2-26

iii

Contents

Find MAC Address.......................................................................................2-26

UPS.................................................................................................................. 2-27

Accessing FDDI Management............................................................................ 2-27

Accessing ATM Management............................................................................. 2-28

Accessing Bridge Management.......................................................................... 2-28

Setting the Polling Intervals ...............................................................................2-28

Port Conﬁguration............................................................................................... 2-30

Conﬁguring Ethernet and FDDI Ports.......................................................2-30

Conﬁguring Fast Ethernet Ports.................................................................2-32

Setting the Desired Operational Mode...............................................2-35

Conﬁguring COM Ports............................................................................... 2-36

Enabling and Disabling Bridge Ports................................................................2-38

Chapter 3 Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

About Basic Alarms ......................................................................................................3-1

Launching the Basic Alarm Application.............................................................3-2

Viewing Alarm Status...................................................................................................3-3

How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work .........................................................3-6

Conﬁguring an Alarm ..................................................................................................3-7

Disabling an Alarm....................................................................................................... 3-9

Viewing an Alarm Log ............................................................................................... 3-10

Chapter 4 FDDI Management

Port Conﬁguration ........................................................................................................4-2

Enabling or Disabling FDDI Ports.......................................................................4-5

Charts, Graphs, and Meters.................................................................................. 4-5

Viewing the FDDI Port Chart........................................................................4-6

Changing the Measurement of Data.....................................................4-7

Viewing FDDI Port Meters............................................................................4-7

Viewing FDDI Port Graphs........................................................................... 4-8

Alarm Conﬁguration ....................................................................................................4-9

SMT/MAC Conﬁguration .........................................................................................4-13

Charts, Graphs, and Meters................................................................................ 4-17

Viewing the FDDI MAC Chart ...................................................................4-18

Changing the Measurement of Data...................................................4-19

Viewing FDDI MAC Meters........................................................................4-19

Viewing FDDI MAC Graphs....................................................................... 4-20

Conﬁguring the SMT Connection Policy.................................................................4-21

FDDI Connection Rules.......................................................................................4-22

Special Ring Conﬁgurations........................................................................ 4-23

Deﬁning Your Connection Policy ......................................................................4-23

Viewing the Station List .............................................................................................4-24

Chapter 5 ATM Conﬁguration

Accessing the AToM MIB Window............................................................................. 5-1

Conﬁguring Connections............................................................................................. 5-4

Chapter 6 Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Bridge View

Bridging Basics .............................................................................................................. 6-1

Transparent Bridging............................................................................................. 6-2

Accessing the Bridge Trafﬁc View Window.............................................................. 6-2

Navigating Through the Bridge Trafﬁc View .................................................... 6-3

Bridge Trafﬁc View Front Panel........................................................................... 6-4

The Bridge Port Display........................................................................................ 6-6

Choosing Bridge Trafﬁc Information: Bridge Trafﬁc View Buttons................6-6

Using the Detail View Window .................................................................................. 6-8

Changing Ports in the Detail View.................................................................... 6-10

The Bridge Status Window........................................................................................ 6-11

The Bridge Statistics Window................................................................................... 6-11

The Filtering Database Window............................................................................... 6-13

Viewing the Filtering Database.......................................................................... 6-14

Changing the Filtering Database Dynamic Ageing Time .............................. 6-17

Changing Forwarding and Static Database Entries........................................ 6-18

Deleting a Static Table Entry .......................................................................6-19

Finding a Filtering Database MAC Address.................................................... 6-20

The Spanning Tree Protocol Window.......................................................................6-20

Changing Spanning Tree Parameters................................................................ 6-24

The Spanning Tree Port Parameters Window......................................................... 6-25

Changing a Port’s STA Parameters....................................................................6-27

Creating Bridge Trafﬁc Charts, Graphs, and Meters.............................................. 6-27

The Bridge Port Forwarding Statistics Window..................................................... 6-28

Port Forwarding Statistics Window Fields ...................................................... 6-29

Conﬁguring Forwarding Thresholds....................................................................... 6-30

Viewing the Forwarding Log ....................................................................................6-33

Changing Polling Intervals........................................................................................ 6-35

Enabling and Disabling Ports.................................................................................... 6-36

Enabling and Disabling a Transparent Bridge Port ........................................6-36

Contents

Appendix A 7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure

IETF MIB Support........................................................................................................A-1

7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure ..............................................................................A-1

A Brief Word About MIB Components and Community Names.................. A-3

Index

Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

How to use the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide; manual conventions; contacting Cabletron Technical Support; 7C0x SmartSwitch ﬁrmware versions supported by SPMA

TIP

Your SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch management module provides management support for all three models in the 7C0x SmartSwitch family. The

7C03 MMAC SmartSwitch functions as a chassis within a chassis; residing in an

MMAC-series hub, it occupies two module slots and provides three slots of its own — one for the 7X00 SmartSwitch Control Module, and two for its own family of Network Interface Modules, or NIMs. The 7C04 Workgroup SmartSwitch is a stand-alone chassis that offers four slots: one for the controller, and three for NIMs. The 7C04-R Workgroup SmartSwitch supplies all the features of the 7C04 along with the additional fault tolerance provided by a pair of redundant load-sharing power supplies and a removable fan tray. The 7C04-R can also accept the new double-wide NIM modules (in slots 3 and 4) for additional front panel connectivity.

The 7C03 MMAC SmartSwitch chassis provides no network connection to the MMAC backplane (from which it draws only power). If you wish to connect one or more networks from the MMAC chassis to the SmartSwitch chassis, you must do so via the front panel ports available on both the MMAC MIMs and the SmartSwitch NIMs.

At the heart of each 7C0x SmartSwitch hub is its 7X00 SmartSwitch Control Module, which supervises access to the switching backplane and performs all forwarding, ﬁltering, and connection management functions; a variety of NIM modules provide connectivity for FDDI, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and ATM networks. NIM modules currently available include:

1-1

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

• The 7E03-24 , a single-slot Ethernet module that provides 24 ports via two RJ71 connectors.

• The 7E02-24 , a double-wide Ethernet module for the 7C04-R which provides 24 ports via RJ45 connectors.

• The 7F06-02 , which provides connectivity for two FDDI ring networks via its two front-panel FPIM slots; FPIM modules that support both multi-mode ﬁber and single-mode ﬁber (both with MIC connectors) and both shielded and unshielded twisted pair (with RJ45 connectors) are available.

• The 7H02-06 , which provides six Fast Ethernet connections — the ﬁrst via a Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module slot, and an additional ﬁve via built-in Category 5 UTP RJ45 connectors. Two Fast Ethernet port modules are available: the FE-100FX, which provides a single multi-mode ﬁber port with an SC connector; and the FE-100TX, with a single Category 5 UTP RJ45 connector.

• The 7H02-12 , a double-wide module which provides 12 Fast Ethernet connections — the ﬁrst via a Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module slot, and another 11 via built-in UTP RJ45s.

NOTE

• The 7H06-02 Fast Ethernet uplink module, which provides two Fast Ethernet connections via Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module slots.

• The 7A06-01 , which provides a redundant ATM uplink connection via two front panel ATM Port Interface Module slots. Available APIMs provide connectivity for all standard ATM speeds and media types.

The available modules provide your SmartSwitch hub with key mission-critical features such as redundant links, alarm thresholding, and full error breakdown; Ethernet modules also provide per-port RMON support. By default, the 7X00 performs traditional switching (or bridging); depending on the version of ﬁrmware you have installed, the 7X00 module can also be conﬁgured to perform Cabletron’s SecureFast switching.

Not all released ﬁrmware versions support the ability to select SecureFast switching; check your hardware manuals to see if your version of ﬁrmware supports this feature. Currently, the toggle from traditional bridging to SecureFast switching is performed via Local Management; see your Local Management documentation for details.

Note that because the 7C03, 7C04, and 7C04-R provide the same functionality and support the same family of NIM modules (with the exception of the double-wide modules, which can be installed only in a 7C04-R), they will be referred to collectively throughout this manual as the 7C0x SmartSwitch. Where signiﬁcant differences exist, they will be noted.

1-2

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide

Your SPECTRUM Portable Management Application (SPMA) for the 7C0x SmartSwitch consists of a number of different applications, each of which provides a portion of the overall management functionality. Each of these applications can be accessed from the icon menu (if you are using a management platform) and from the Stand-alone Launcher or the command line (if you are running in stand-alone mode); in addition, several applications can also be accessed from within the Hub View, a graphical display of the 7C0x SmartSwitch hub and its installed modules.

The 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide describes how to use many of the applications included with the module; note that the instructions provided in this guide apply to the 7C0x SmartSwitch module regardless of the operating system or management platform you are using. Instructions for launching each individual function from the command line (stand-alone mode) are also included in each chapter.

Following is a description of the applications covered in this guide; while we provide as much background information as we can, we do assume that you’re familiar with Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM networks, traditional bridging and switching, and with general network management concepts:

• Chapter 1, Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch , describes the

7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide and the conventions used in this and other SPMA manuals, explains where to ﬁnd information about the 7C0x SmartSwitch, and tells you how to contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support.

• Chapter 2, Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View , describes the visual

display of the Hub and explains how to use the mouse within the Hub View; some basic functions (changing the Hub View display, opening menus and windows, enabling and disabling bridge ports, and so on) available only from within the Hub View are also described. You can access the Hub View application from the icon menu or the command line.

• Chapter 3, Alarm Conﬁguration , describes how the 7C0x’s RMON

functionality allows you to set thresholds and enable or disable alarms for any installed bridging interface based on selected MIB II statistics; this chapter also describes how to specify a response to an alarm condition. You can access the Alarm Conﬁguration application from the icon menu, the Hub View, or the command line.

• Chapter 4, FDDI Management , describes the ﬁve applications available for

managing any installed FDDI interfaces. You can access the FDDI applications from the Hub View or the command line.

• Chapter 5, ATM Conﬁguration , describes how to use the ATM conﬁguration

application to view and conﬁgure the Permanent Virtual Circuits supported by any installed 7A06-01 modules.

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide 1-3

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

• Chapter 6, Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View , provides detailed instructions for conﬁguring and managing the 7C0x SmartSwitch’s traditional bridging capabilities, including monitoring bridge operation, using the special and ﬁltering data bases, and setting forwarding thresholds and notiﬁcation options. You can access the Bridge View from the icon menu, the Hub View, or the command line.

• Appendix A, 7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Components , lists the IETF MIBs supported by the 7C0x SmartSwitch, and describes their arrangement in a series of MIB components. A description of the objects controlled by each component is also included.

What’s NOT in the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide . . .

The following standard SPMA tools are available through the 7C0x SmartSwitch module and are explained in the SPECTRUM Portable Management Application

Tools Guide :

• Charts, Graphs, and Meters

• Community Names

• Global Find MAC Address

• MIB I, II

• MIBTree

• Path

• Telnet

• TFTP Download

• Trap Table

• UPS

Charts, Graphs, and Meters are accessible from the Hub View and the command line; the Global MAC Address tool is accessible from the Hub View, the platform console window Tools menu, and the command line; the MIBTree application is available from the platform console window Tools menu, the Stand-alone Launcher applications menu, or the command line; and the rest of the tool applications (except Telnet) are available from the icon menu, the Hub View, or the command line. (The Telnet application is available only from the icon menu or the command line.)

Instructions on discovering Cabletron devices, creating icons, and accessing the icon menus within your management platform are included in your Installing

and Using SPECTRUM for ... guide. If you are using SPMA for the 7C0x

SmartSwitch in stand-alone mode — that is, without beneﬁt of a speciﬁc network

1-4 Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide

management system — instructions for starting each application from the command line are included in each chapter of this guide and the SPMA Tools

Guide .

Conventions

SPECTRUM Portable Management Applications — including the 7C0x SmartSwitch module — can work with a number of different network management systems running on several different operating systems and graphical user interfaces. This versatility presents two documentation problems: ﬁrst, there is no standard terminology; and second, the appearance of the windows will differ based on the graphical interface in use. For the sake of consistency, the following conventions will be followed throughout this and other SPMA guides.

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Screen Displays

SPMA runs under a variety of different operating systems and graphical user interfaces. To maintain a consistent presentation, screen displays in this and other SPMA guides show an OSF/Motif environment. If you’re used to a different GUI, don’t worry; the differences are minor. Buttons, boxes, borders, and menus displayed on your screen may look a bit different from what you see in the guide, but they’re organized and labelled the same, located in the same places, and perform the same functions in all screen environments.

Some windows within SPMA applications can be re-sized; those windows will display the standard window resizing handles employed by your windowing system. Re-sizing a window doesn’t re-size the information in the window; it just changes the amount of information that can be displayed (see Figure 1-1). When you shrink a window, scroll bars will appear as necessary so that you can scroll to view all the information that is available.

Conventions 1-5

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Use the scroll bars provided to choose what to display in a window that’s been resized

Click here to display footer message history

Figure 1-1. Window Conventions

Some windows will also contain a button; selecting this button launches a History window (Figure 1-2) which lists all footer messages that have been displayed since the window was ﬁrst invoked. This window can help you keep track of management actions you have taken since launching a management application.

Figure 1-2. The History Window

1-6 Conventions

Using the Mouse

The UNIX mouse has three buttons. Procedures within the SPMA document set refer to these buttons as follows:

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Button 1

Button 2

Button 3

Figure 1-3. Mouse Buttons

If you’re using a two-button mouse, don’t worry. SPMA doesn’t make use of mouse button 2. Just click the left button for button 1 and the right mouse button when instructed to use mouse button 3.

Whenever possible, we will instruct you on which mouse button to employ; however, menu buttons within SPMA applications will operate according to the convention employed by the active windowing system. By convention, menu buttons under the Motif windowing environment are activated by clicking the left mouse button (referred to as mouse button 1 in SPMA documentation), and there is no response to clicking the right button (mouse button 3). Under OpenWindows, menu buttons can be activated by clicking the right button, and convention dictates that the left button activates a default menu option; within SPMA, that default option will also display the entire menu. Because of this difference, references to activating a menu button will not include instructions about which mouse button to use. All other panels from which menus can be accessed, and all buttons which do not provide access to menus, will operate according to SPMA convention, as documented.

Conventions 1-7

Getting Help

If you need additional support related to SPMA, or if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions related to this manual, contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support. Before calling, please have the following information ready:

• The product name and part number

• The version number of the applications that you need help with. SPMA is

You can contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support by any of the following methods:

By phone: Monday through Friday between 8 AM and 8 PM

By mail: Cabletron Systems, Inc.

By CompuServe

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

modular, which means each application will have a speciﬁc revision number. Where applicable, an INFO button provides the version number; you can also view the version number for any application by typing the command to start the application followed by a -v.

Eastern Standard Time at (603) 332-9400

PO Box 5005 Rochester, NH 03866-5005

: GO CTRON from any ! prompt

By Internet mail: support@ctron.com

By FTP ctron.com (134.141.197.25)

By BBS: (603) 335-3358

Modem Setting 8N1: 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, No parity

For additional information about Cabletron Systems products, visit our World Wide Web site: http://www.cabletron.com/

7C0x SmartSwitch Firmware

SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch has been tested against released ﬁrmware version 1.02.05 and pre-release version 1.03.00 for the 7X00 Controller Module, and pre-release version 1.00.04 for the 7A06-01 NIM; if you have an earlier version of ﬁrmware and experience problems running SPMA, contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support for upgrade information.

As a general rule, ﬁrmware versions for new products are liable to change rapidly; contact

NOTE

Cabletron Systems Technical support for information about the latest customer release of ﬁrmware available.

Getting Help 1-8

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Navigating through the Hub View; monitoring hub performance; managing the hub

The heart of the SPECTRUM Portable Management Application (SPMA) for the 7C0x SmartSwitch is the Hub View, a graphical interface that gives you access to many of the functions that provide control over the 7C0x hub and its installed modules.

Chapter 2

Using the Hub View

There are two ways to open the Hub View: if you are working within a network management system, you can select the Hub View option from the icon menu; speciﬁc directions for creating a 7C0x SmartSwitch icon and accessing the icon menu can be found in the appropriate Installing and Using... guide. If you are running the 7C0x SmartSwitch module in a stand-alone mode, type the following at the command line:

spmarun fps <IP address> <community name>

The community name you use to start the module must have at least Read access; for full management functionality, you should use a community name that provides Read/Write or Superuser access. For more information on community names, consult the appropriate Installing and Using... guide, and/or the Community Names chapter in the SPMA Tools Guide.

2-1

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

The spmarun script invoked ﬁrst in the above command temporarily sets the environment

NOTES

variables SPMA needs to operate; be sure to use this command any time you launch an application from the command line. This script is automatically invoked when you launch an application from the icon menu or from within the Hub View.

If there is a hostname mapped to your 7C0x SmartSwitch’s IP address, you can use <hostname> in place of <IP address> to launch the Hub View. Please note, however, that the hostname is not the same as the device name which can be assigned via Local Management and/or SPMA; you cannot use the device name in place of the IP address.

Navigating Through the Hub View

Within the Hub View, you can click mouse buttons in different areas of the window to access various menus and initiate certain management tasks. The following sections describe the information displayed in the Hub View and show you how to use the mouse to manipulate the Hub View display.

Front Panel

Device summary information

Figure 2-1. 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

2-2 Using the Hub View

Hub View Front Panel

In addition to the graphical display of the modules installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis, the Hub View gives you device level summary information. The following Front Panel information appears to the right of the module display:

Contact Status is a color code that shows the status of the connection between SPMA and the device:

• Green means a valid connection.

• Blue means that SPMA is trying to reach the device but doesn’t yet know if the

connection will be successful.

• Red means that SPMA is unable to contact or has lost contact with the device.

Uptime

The time that the device has been running without interruption. The counter resets to 00:00:00 (HH:MM:SS) when one of the following occurs:

• Power to the device is cycled.

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

NOTE

• The device is reset manually.

Device Name

A text ﬁeld that you can use to help identify the device; you can assign a device name via the MIB I, II application (described in the SPMA Tools Guide). To view a name which is longer than the ﬁeld, click to place your cursor in the text box, and use the arrow keys to shift the display.

Device Location

A text ﬁeld that you can use to help identify the device; you can assign a device location via the MIB I, II application (described in the SPMA Tools Guide). To view a location which is longer than the ﬁeld, click to place your cursor in the text box, and use the arrow keys to shift the display.

Although you can erase the current name and location and enter new values in the text ﬁelds, you cannot set these values from the Hub View. Any value you attempt to set will remain in the text ﬁeld only until the Hub View is closed; to permanently change the name or location, you must do so via the MIB I, II application.

IP Address

The device’s Internet Protocol address; this ﬁeld will display the IP address you have used to create the 7C0x SmartSwitch icon (if you are running the Hub View from a management platform) or the IP address you used to launch the Hub View program (if you are running in stand-alone mode). You cannot change the 7C0x SmartSwitch’s IP address from SPMA.

Using the Hub View 2-3

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Clicking the Device button displays the Device menu, Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2. 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Device Menu

The Device menu lets you perform the following:

• Open the Device Conﬁguration window

• Launch the Global Find MAC Address tool (described in the SPMA Tools Guide)

• Open the Polling Intervals window

Note that the Device menu provides access to only a few of the applications which are available to the 7C0x SmartSwitch; additional applications are available from the Module, Switch, Bridge, Interface, and Port menus, and many can also be accessed both from the icon menu (if you are running under a network management platform) and from the command line (if you are running in stand-alone mode). See Chapter 1, Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch, for a complete list of applications available to the 7C0x SmartSwitch and how to access each one.

Clicking mouse button 1 on the Quit button closes all Hub View application windows; any open applications which can also be accessed from the command line or from the icon menu will remain open.

Using the Mouse in a Hub View Module

Each network interface module, or NIM, installed in the 7C0x SmartSwitch hub will be displayed in the hub view; use the mouse as indicated in the illustration below to access Module, Switch/Bridge/Interface, and Port menus and functions.

Note that slots 3 and 4 of the 7C04-R chassis can accept either the double-wide NIM

TIP

2-4 Using the Hub View

modules or the standard-size modules; both module types display as the same size in the Hub View.

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Module Index

Indicates the module’s slot number within the 7C0x hub. (Slots are numbered from left to right; the controller module slot is slot #1.) Click button 1 or button 3 to display the Module menu.

Module Type

Indicates the module’s type. Click button 1 or button 3 to display the Module menu.

Port Index

Click button 1 to toggle the interface between enabled and disabled; click b utton 3 to display the Port menu (bridge display mode only).

FDDI Front Panel Status

For FDDI modules only, a separate Front Panel display shows the status of the individual A and B ports that together form a single interface. Click either button to access the FDDI menu.

Display Mode

Indicates the Display Mode currently in effect; available modes are Switch or Bridge, Interface, and None. Click either mouse button to display the Switch, Bridge, or Interface menu; both the menu that appears and the status displays will vary based on the mode selected.

Port Display Form

Using the Bridge, Switch, Interface, or FDDI menus, you can change the information displayed in each port status box; available options vary according to menu.

Port Status

The Port Status display changes with the type of port

display format selected. Click button 1 to toggle the interface between enabled and disabled; click button 3 to displa y the Port menu (bridge display mode only).

Figure 2-3. Mousing Around a Module Display

Monitoring Hub Performance

The information displayed in the Hub View can give you a quick summary of device activity, status, and conﬁguration. SPMA can also provide further details about hub performance via its multi-level menu structure: ﬁrst, you select the hub view display mode for the services you want to monitor (Switch, Bridge, or Interface); then, you can use the available menus (Figure 2-4, below) to access the tools that let you monitor speciﬁc aspects of hub performance and set 7C0x SmartSwitch operating and notiﬁcation parameters.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-5

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Menus always available:

Switch mode menu:

Bridge mode menus:

Interface mode menus:

Figure 2-4. The 7C0x SmartSwitch’s Device, Module, Switch, Bridge, Interface, FDDI, and Port Menus

Selecting the Application Display Mode

The device information, menus, and applications that are available to you via the Hub View depend on the Application Display mode you have chosen. For the 7C0x, you can select from a total of four Application Display modes:

• Switch, which displays switching status in the port displays, and provides menu access to switch management applications; note that this option is only available for devices conﬁgured to operate in switch mode.

• Bridge, which displays bridging status in the port displays, and provides menu access to bridge management; note that this option is only available for devices conﬁgured to operate in bridge mode.

• Interface, which displays each port’s MIB II status and statistics.

• None, which removes all interface status information from the Hub View. This selection primarily effects FDDI modules, whose front panel A and B ports will continue to display their individual status; Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and ATM modules will display as blank under this mode.

2-6 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

You select the Application Display mode you want via the Module menu (Figure 2-5); note that the Module menu remains the same regardless of which display mode is selected.

For switchconﬁgured

devicesFor bridgeconﬁgured devices

TIP

Figure 2-5. The Hub View Module Menu

Note that, although the Module menu does not change based on the Application Display mode selected, the ATM option will only appear when a 7A06-01 NIM is installed in the chassis. See Accessing ATM Management, page 2-28, for more information.

By default, the 7C0x Hub View will launch in Switch display mode (for those devices conﬁgured via Local Management to perform SecureFast switching) or Bridge display mode (for those conﬁgured to perform traditional bridging); to change this:

1. Click mouse button 1 or mouse button 3 in the Module Index or Module Type display boxes in the Hub View (see Figure 2-3, page 2-5) to display the Module menu.

2. Drag down to Application Display, then across to select the display mode you want. Note that only three selections are available at any one time: either

Bridge or Switch (depending on the device’s current conﬁguration), Interface, and None.

When you change the application display mode, the port display form will change to the default form for the chosen mode; you can change the port display form and access various management applications via each mode’s menu structure, as described in the following sections.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-7

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

COM Port and FDDI Front Panel Displays

Note that, like the Module menu, neither the COM port nor the FDDI front panel displays are affected by changes in the Application Display. The COM port display always shows each port’s administrative status (ON or OFF), both in the text display and in the color code (green = ON, blue = OFF); the FDDI front panel display changes based on the port display form selected via the FDDI menu, as illustrated below.

TIP

Figure 2-6. COM Port and FDDI Front Panel Displays

Both the FDDI and COM port menus are available and display the same options in all Application Display modes.

Note that, although the COM port menu does not change based on the Application Display mode selected, the UPS option will only appear for COM ports which have been conﬁgured for a UPS. See Conﬁguring COM Ports, page 2-36, for more information.

FDDI Port Display Forms

You can display the following information in the front panel port displays for any installed FDDI NIM:

Admin

Displays the connection state of each port:

• CON (connecting) — the port is trying to establish a link, but has not yet been successful. Ports which are not connected and which have not been disabled by management will display this status.

• ACT (active) — the port has been enabled by management and has successfully established a link.

• SBY (standby) — the port has a physical link, but the SMT Connection Policy is prohibiting a logical connection to the ring because the attempted connection is illegal. FDDI protocol always forbids connecting two Master ports; all other connections are theoretically legal, although some are not

2-8 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

desirable. You can view and conﬁgure the SMT Connection Policy by selecting the SMT Connection Policy option on the Module —>FDDI Utilities menu; see Chapter 4, FDDI Management, for more information.

• DIS (disabled) — the port has been disabled by management; note that this

status does not indicate whether or not there is a physical link connected to the port.

Port T ype

Displays the media type of each A and B port:

• MMF (multi-mode ﬁber)

• SMF (single-mode ﬁber)

• SON (SONET)

• LCF (low-cost ﬁber)

• TP (twisted pair)

LER Estimate

The Link Error Rate (LER) Estimate port display form displays a cumulative long-term average of the bit error rate, which represents the quality of the physical link. It is computed when the port is connected and every 10 seconds thereafter. The value of the LER Estimate can range from 10

-4

to 10

-15

, but is always displayed as the absolute value of the exponent: for example, if the port’s LER Estimate is computed to be 10-5, the value displayed in the Port Status box will be 5, which represents an actual rate of 1,250 bit errors per second. The lower LER Estimate numbers represent the highest bit error rates, as summarized in the ﬁgure below:

.000000125

.00000125

.0000125

.000125

per

.00125

.0125

.125

1.25

12.5 125

1250

12500

456789101112131415

Reported LER Estimate

Bit Errors

Second

Figure 2-7. LER Estimate Values

You can conﬁgure alarm thresholds for the LER Estimate; see Chapter 4, FDDI

TIP

Management, for more information.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-9

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

SMT Index

Displays each port’s logical index number, which reﬂects the port’s logical position in relation to the SMT entity to which it is assigned. (Each FDDI interface has its own SMT entity; these are indexed from left to right in the hub, and from top to bottom on each module.) Note that the assigned logical index numbers do not necessarily reﬂect each port’s physical position on the module or in the hub; for example, an interface whose physical index is 20002 might have individual A and B logical indices of 1.1 and 1.2, indicating that the A and B ports which together form the interface are ports number 1 and 2 assigned to SMT number 1.

For more information on all of these FDDI states, see Chapter 4, FDDI Management.

TIP

FDDI Color Codes

For all FDDI port display forms, the color coding is the same:

• Green indicates that the port is active; this is, the port has been enabled by management, has a valid Link signal, and is able to communicate with the station at the other end of the port’s cable segment.

• Blue indicates that the port has been disabled through management, or that it is in a standby state.

• Yellow indicates that the port is enabled but does not currently have a valid connection. This usually indicates that the device at the other end of the segment is turned off, or that no cable segment is attached.

• Red indicates that port is administratively enabled, but not operational due to some hardware or network problem.

The Switch Application Display

The Switch Application Display — available only for devices which have been conﬁgured (via Local Management) to operate as SecureFast switches — allows you to view each switch interface according to switching status and statistics; it also provides access to the Switch menu (Figure 2-8), from which you can launch a Switch Status window and change the port display form. This is the default display mode for devices conﬁgured for SecureFast operation.

2-10 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Figure 2-8. The Switch Application Display and Menu

For more information about the Switch Status window, see Viewing Switch Status, page 2-23; port display forms are described below.

Switch Port Display Forms

You can select three port display forms for switch interfaces; note that, although you can select both Input and Output state for each interface, it is unlikely that any single interface would have different input and output status values at any given time.

Admin State

An interface’s Administrative State is the state currently requested by management; note that this may not always be the same as the actual, or Operational, state described below:

• ENB (enabled) — the port is administratively enabled.

• DIS (disabled) — the port is administratively disabled.

Oper State

An interface’s Operational State is its actual state; note that this may not always be the same as the requested, or Admin, state described above:

• ENB (enabled) — the port is enabled.

• DIS (disabled) — the port is disabled.

• PDIS (pending disable) — the port is in a transitional state, moving toward a

state of disabled.

• PENB (pending enable) — the port is in a transitional state, moving toward a

state of enabled.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-11

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

• INV (invalid conﬁguration) — the port is in an unrecognized state.

• TST (testing) — the port is in a testing mode.

Type

A switch interface’s Type is a dynamic value determined by the type of node to which the interface is connected:

• Ntwk (network) — a Network interface is connected to another switch.

• Access — an Access interface is connected to an end node (a single user, a shared resources such as a server or print, or a non-switch shared access interface such as a bridge).

• Hybrid — though this feature is not yet supported, future ﬁrmware versions will allow a switch interface to service both another switch and an end node. This kind of conﬁguration could occur, for example, on an FDDI ring.

• GoAcc (going to access) — a transitional state experienced by an interface which is in the process of switching to access mode.

• Unkn (unknown) — on boot-up, all switch interfaces have a type value of unknown; this value will convert dynamically as required by the connected node.

Switch Port Color Codes

The color codes assigned to each port interface in Switch Application mode indicate the following status conditions:

• Red — the port is administratively enabled, but not operational. This state generally indicates that a network problem has shut down the port, even though it is still administratively enabled; it can also indicate an invalid port conﬁguration.

• Blue — the port is both administratively and operationally disabled.

• Green — the port is administratively enabled and operational.

• Yellow — the port is in a transitional state: an operational status of either enable or disable is pending, or the port has been administratively disabled, but is (temporarily) still operational.

• Magenta — the port is in a transitional testing mode.

Note that the color coding scheme is the same regardless of the port display form selected.

2-12 Monitoring Hub Performance

The Bridge Application Display

The Bridge Application Display — available only for devices which have been conﬁgured (via Local Management) to operate as traditional bridges — allows you to view each bridge interface according to bridging status and statistics; it also provides access to the Bridge and Bridge Port menus (Figure 2-9), from which you can launch the Bridge View application, change the port display form, view a list of source addresses communicating through a selected interface, and enable or disable a selected interface. This is the default display mode for devices conﬁgured for traditional bridging.

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Figure 2-9. The Bridge Application Display and Menus

For more information about the Bridge View application, see Chapter 6, Using the

7C0x Bridge View; for more information about viewing source addresses, see Viewing the Source Address List, page 2-24; and for more information on enabling and disabling a bridge interface, see Enabling and Disabling Bridge Ports, page 2-38. Port display forms are described below.

Bridge Port Display Forms

You can display the following information for each bridging interface:

Admin

Displays the port’s current bridging status:

• FWD (forwarding) — the port is on-line and ready to forward packets from

one network segment to another. Note that this is the default display for ports which are administratively enabled but not connected.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-13

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

• DIS (disabled) — the port has been disabled by management; no trafﬁc can be received or forwarded on this port, including conﬁguration information for the bridged topology.

• LIS (listening) — the port is not adding information to the ﬁltering database; it is monitoring Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) trafﬁc while preparing to move to the forwarding state.

• LRN (learning) — the ﬁltering database is being created, or the Spanning Tree Algorithm is being executed because of a network topology change. The port is monitoring network trafﬁc, learning network addresses.

• BLK (blocking) — the port is on-line, but ﬁltering trafﬁc from going across the 7C0x SmartSwitch from one network segment to another. Bridge topology information is still being forwarded.

• BRK (broken) — the physical interface has malfunctioned.

Tp Frames Forwarded

Displays the percentage of total frames received that were transparently forwarded across the selected interface.

NOTE

Tp Frames Filtered

Displays the percentage of total frames received that were ﬁltered at the selected interface.

Sr Frames Forwarded

Displays the rate at which source route frames are being forwarded across the selected interface, in a frames/second format. Note that this option is currently grayed out, as no Token Ring NIMs are yet available.

Bridge Port Number

Displays the index number assigned to each bridge port interface. Bridge ports are indexed from left to right by module, beginning with the module installed in slot 2; on each module, bridge port numbering follows the physical port indexing. For example, the port display illustration in Figure 2-9 (page 2-13) contains eight bridge interfaces: the two interfaces on the FDDI module installed in slot 2 are bridge port numbers 1 and 2 (corresponding to physical ports 1 and 2); the six interfaces on the Fast Ethernet module installed in slot 3 are bridge ports 3 through 8 (corresponding to physical ports 1 through 6).

You will note that some Ethernet modules display an upside-down port indexing, with the highest index numbers at the top of the module, and the lowest ones at the bottom; for these modules, the bridge port numbers will still follow the physical port indexing, with the higher bridge port numbers corresponding to the higher physical port indices.

2-14 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Bridge Port Color Codes

The color codes assigned to each port interface in Bridge Application mode indicate the following bridging status conditions; note that the color coding is the same for all port display forms:

• Green — the port is in a Forwarding state; that is, it is on-line and ready to

forward packets from one network segment to another. Note that this is the default display for ports which are administratively enabled but not connected.

• Blue — the port has been disabled by management; no trafﬁc can be received

or forwarded on this port, including conﬁguration information for the bridged topology.

• Magenta — the port is in a Listening or Learning state.

• Orange — the port is on-line, but ﬁltering (blocking) trafﬁc from going across

the 7C0x SmartSwitch from one network segment to another. Bridge topology information is still being forwarded.

• Red — the physical interface has malfunctioned (the port is broken).

The Interface Application Display

The Interface Application Display mode allows you to view the interfaces on all installed modules according to MIB II status and statistics; it also provides access to the Interface and Interface Port menus (Figure 2-10), from which you can launch the MIB I, II application, view the interface list, conﬁgure alarms, perform any available port conﬁguration, and, of course, change the port display form.

Figure 2-10. The Interface Application Display and Menus

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-15

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

For more information about the MIB I, II application, see the SPMA Tools Guide; for more information about the interface list, see Viewing the Interface List,

page 2-22; for more information about conﬁguring alarms, see Chapter 3, Alarm

Conﬁguration; and for more information about available port conﬁguration options, see Port Conﬁguration, page 2-30; port display forms are described below.

Interface Port Display Forms

You can display the following information for each available interface:

Oper Status

An interface’s Operational Status is its actual state; note that this may not always be the same as the requested, or administrative state:

• ON — the port is administratively enabled, a link is present, and the port is functioning normally.

• NLK (no link) — the port is administratively enabled, but no link is present. This typically indicates that no cable is currently connected to the interface.

• OFF — the port is not operational; this may be because it has been administratively disabled, it has malfunctioned in some way, or it is attempting to move into a testing state. Note that the color code (described in the following section, page 2-20) that accompanies this display will indicate which of these three conditions has caused the OFF state.

• TEST — the port is being tested.

Link Status

A port’s Link Status tells you whether or not the port has a valid connection to the node at the other end of the cable segment. Note that this status does not provide any indication of administrative (ON or OFF) or operational status.

• NLK (no link) — no link is present.

• LNK — a link is present.

Duplex Mode

The Duplex Mode status indicates which interfaces have been conﬁgured to operate in Full Duplex mode, and which are operating in standard mode. Interfaces which are operating in full duplex mode can both transmit and receive packets at the same time, effectively doubling the wire speed; interfaces in standard mode must ﬁnish transmitting before they can receive, and vice versa.

• Stand — the interface is operating in standard mode.

• Full — the interface is operating in full duplex mode.

2-16 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Capability

The Capability display indicates the highest duplex mode of which the interface is capable. Note that this display does not indicate the current Duplex Mode setting.

• Full — the interface can be conﬁgured to operate in Full Duplex mode.

• Fast — the interface is a Fast Ethernet port, and can be conﬁgured to operate

in Full Duplex mode. Note that, for a Fast Ethernet port, Full Duplex operation doubles wire speed from 100 Mbps to 200.

• Stand — the interface can operate only in standard mode.

Type

The Type display indicates each interface’s topology type:

• Eth — Ethernet or Fast Ethernet

• FDDI

•ATM

Speed

This display indicates the deﬁned wire speed for each interface’s topology. Note that this speed value does not indicate whether or not a selected port is operating in Full Duplex mode (which effectively doubles the deﬁned wire speed). Possible values are:

• 10M — 10 megabits per second, for standard Ethernet

• 100M — 100 megabits per second, for Fast Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM

Interface Number

Displays the index number assigned to each interface. Index numbers are assigned in an XXXXYY format, where X = slot index times 10,000, and Y = port index. For example, an interface index of 30017 would be assigned to port 17 on the module installed in slot 3 of the chassis.

MIB II Statistics

You can use the MIB II Statistics options to view selected statistics for each port as a percentage of the total trafﬁc seen on that interface.

• Load — shows a value for each active port that represents that port’s trafﬁc as

a percentage of the theoretical maximum load. You can view the load in three ways:

-In — indicates the number of inbound packets as percentage of the theoretical maximum load.

- Out — indicates the number of outbound packets as a percentage of the theoretical maximum load.

- Total — indicates the total number of inbound and outbound packets as a percentage of the theoretical maximum load.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-17

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

For Ethernet ports, the theoretical maximum load is 10 Mbps; for Fast Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM, it’s 100 Mbps.

• Discard — shows a value for each active port that indicates what percentage of the total packets received at or transmitted by that port were discarded. You can view the discard percentage in three ways:

-In — indicates the number of inbound packets that were discarded, as a

percentage of the total load experienced by that port.

- Out — indicates the number of outbound packets that were discarded, as

a percentage of the total load experienced by that port.

- Total — indicate the total number of packets that were discarded, as a

percentage of total load.

• Errors — shows a value for each active port that indicates what percentage of the total packets received at or transmitted by that port contained an error. You can view the error percentage in three ways:

-In — indicates the number of inbound packets that contained errors, as a

percentage of the total load experienced by that port.

- Out — indicates the number of outbound packets that contained errors, as

a percentage of the total load experienced by that port.

- Total — indicate the total number of packets that contained errors, as a

percentage of total load.

• Nucast (non-unicast) — shows a value for each active port that indicates what percentage of the total packets received at or transmitted by that port were non-unicast (that is, broadcast or multicast) packets. You can view the non-unicast percentage in three ways:

-In — indicates the number of inbound packets that were broadcast or

multicast packets, as a percentage of the total load experienced by that port.

- Out — indicates the number of outbound packets that were broadcast or

multicast packets, as a percentage of the total load experienced by that port.

- Total — indicate the total number of broadcast and multicast packets, as a

percentage of total load.

Ethernet Statistics

For any Ethernet or Fast Ethernet modules installed in your SmartSwitch chassis, you can view a variety of RMON statistics as a percentage of the total load experienced by each port. Note that this option will only be available when at least one Ethernet or Fast Ethernet module is installed in the chassis; when one of these options is selected, the port displays for any installed FDDI or ATM modules will display three dashes (---). Ethernet statistical selections available are:

2-18 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

• Load — shows a value for each active port that represents that port’s trafﬁc as

a percentage of the theoretical maximum load: either 10 Mbps (for Ethernet), or 100 Mbps (for Fast Ethernet).

• Packets — displays the number of good packets experienced by each interface

in one of four ways:

- Packets/second — the rate of trafﬁc being experienced by the port

- Average Packet Size — displayed in bytes; calculated by dividing the total

number of octets by the total number of good packets

- Broadcast — the percentage of good packets on each port that are broadcast packets

- Multicast — the percentage of good packets on each port that are multicast packets

• Collisions — displays the total number of receive (those the device detects while receiving a transmission) and transmit (those the device detects while transmitting) collisions, as a percentage of the total trafﬁc experienced by the port.

• Errors — displays the total number of packets with a speciﬁc error type, as a percentage of the total number of errors experienced by the port. Available error types are:

- CRC/Alignment — the number of packets processed by a port that had a

non-integral number of bytes (alignment errors) or a bad frame check sequence (Cyclic Redundancy Check, or CRC error), expressed as a percentage of the total number of error packets experienced by the port.

- Fragments — the number of packets processed by a port that were

undersized (less than 64 bytes in length; a runt packet) and had either a non-integral number of bytes (alignment error) or a bad frame check sequence (CRC error), expressed as a percentage of the total number of error packets experienced by the port.

- Jabbers — the number of packets processed by a port that were oversized

(greater than 1518 bytes; a giant packet) and had either a non-integral number of bytes (alignment error) or a bad frame check sequence (CRC error), expressed as a percentage of the total number of error packets experienced by the port.

• Frame Sizes — displays the total number of packets processed by a port that were of a speciﬁc size, expressed as a percentage of the total number of good packets experienced by the port. Frame size breakdowns available are:

- Runts (packets with fewer than 64 bytes)

-64

- 65-127

- 128-255

- 256-511

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-19

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

- 512-1023

- 1024-1518

- Giants (packets with more than 1518 bytes)

Note that, for all statistical port display form options (both MIB II and Ethernet), three

NOTE

dashes (---) will display for all inactive ports; any active (green) port will display a numeric value, even if it’s zero. In addition, any FDDI or ATM interface will display three dashes for any Ethernet statistical display selection.

Interface Port Color Codes

The color codes assigned to each port interface in the Interface Application Display mode indicate a combination of administrative (desired) and operational (actual) status; note that the color coding is the same for all port display forms:

• Green — the port is administratively enabled, linked, and operating normally.

• Yellow — the port is administratively enabled, but no link is present.

• Red — the port is administratively enabled, but not operational; this generally indicates some kind of malfunction.

• Blue — the port is administratively disabled, and is not operational. Note that this state does not indicate link status.

• Magenta — indicates either that a testing mode has been requested but is not yet in effect, or that testing is taking place.

Viewing Device Conﬁguration

If you need to call Cabletron’s Technical Support about a problem with the Hub View application or your 7C0x SmartSwitch hardware, you’ll need the information provided in the Device Conﬁguration window. To launch the window:

1. Click on to display the Device menu; note that this menu is the same regardless of the Application Display mode currently in effect.

2. Dr ag down to Conﬁguration, and release. The Device Conﬁguration window,

Figure 2-11, will appear.

2-20 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

7C0x SmartSwitch ﬁrmware version

SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch revision number

Firmware boot prom version

Figure 2-11. Device Conﬁguration Window

The Device Conﬁguration window provides the following hardware and software revision information:

Firmware Version

Displays version information for the ﬁrmware currently installed on your 7X00 controller module. To view a truncated description, click to place your cursor in the text ﬁeld, then use the arrow keys to shift the display.

NOTE

Although the text ﬁeld allows you to edit and/or delete the displayed ﬁrmware description, you cannot set any changes you make. The information appears in a text ﬁeld only so that it will be scrollable, allowing you to view the complete description.

Software Version

Displays the version of the SPMA Hub View application for the 7C0x SmartSwitch.

Boot Version

Displays the revision level of the 7X00 controller module’s boot prom.

Top Level Serial Number

Displays the serial number assigned to the 7X00 controller module. This serial number contains information about the date and location of manufacture, and the hardware revision level.

Base MAC Address

Displays the MAC address of the 7X00 controller module’s Host interface — the interface that connects to the 7C0x hub’s switching backplane.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-21

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Viewing the Interface List

You can use the Interface List application to view a complete list of MAC Addresses assigned to the interfaces installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis.

To open the Interface List:

1. If necessary, put the Hub View into the Interface Application Display mode (click either mouse button on the Module Inde x or Module Type box to display the Module menu, drag down to Application Display, then across to select Interface).

2. Click either mouse button on the Display Mode box in the Hub View to launch the Interface menu; drag down to Interface List, and release. The Interface List window, Figure 2-12, will appear.

Figure 2-12. Interface List Window

The Interface List window displays an IF # for each interface and the MAC Address (physical address) associated with each interface. The ﬁrst two interfaces are the 7X00 controller module’s interfaces to the 7C0x chassis switching backplane; note that they share a MAC address. The remaining index numbers are assigned in an XXXXYY format, where X = slot index times 10,000, and Y = port index. For example, an interface index of 30017 would be assigned to port 17 on the module installed in slot 3 of the chassis.

2-22 Monitoring Hub Performance

The interface and MAC address information displayed here is taken directly from the MIB II Interface Table; you can view both the MAC address and the IF index via the Interface Protocol Status window available in the MIB I, II tool. For more information on the MIB I, II tool and the Interface Protocol Status window, refer to Chapter 2 in the SPMA Tools Guide.

Viewing Switch Status

For devices which have been conﬁgured to operate as SecureFast switches, you can view a Switch Status window (Figure 2-13) which provides general information about current switching operations.

To launch the Switch Status window:

1. If necessary, put the Hub View into the Switch Application Displa y mode (clic k

either mouse button on the Module Index or Module Type box to display the Module menu, drag down to Application Display, then across to select Switch).

2. Click either mouse button on the Display Mode box in the Hub View to launch

the Switch menu; drag down to Status, and release. The Switch Status window, Figure 2-13, will appear.

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Figure 2-13. Switch Status Window

The Switch Status window provides the following general information about your SmartSwitch’s SecureFast switch operation:

Sfs Admin Status

Displays the requested administrative status of the 7C0x’s SecureFast switching services: Enabled or Disabled. Note that this may not always match the actual, or operating status, described below.

Monitoring Hub Performance 2-23

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Sfs Operating Status

Displays the actual operational status of the 7C0x’s SecureFast switching services: Enabled, Disabled, Pending Enable (start-up in progress), Pending Disable (shut-down in progress), or Invalid Conﬁguration. Note that the actual operational status may not always match the requested administrative status described above.

For more information about administrative and operational states as they apply to

TIP

individual switch interfaces, see Switch Port Display Forms, page 2-11.

Max Connections

Displays the maximum number entries allowed in the Connection Table. Up to 16000 entries can be stored in the SmartSwitch’s Connection Table.

Num Connections

Displays the number of entries currently stored in the Connection Table.

Viewing the Source Address List

For devices which have been conﬁgured to operate in traditional bridging mode, you can use the Source Addresses option available from the Bridge Port menu to view a list of all the MAC addresses that are communicating through a selected bridge interface.

To open the Source Addresses window:

1. If necessary, put the Hub View into the Bridge Application Displa y mode (clic k either mouse button on the Module Index or Module Type box to display the Module menu, drag down to Application Display, then across to select Bridge).

2. Click mouse button 3 on the Port Index or Port Status display for the bridge port whose source address list you wish to view; drag down to Source Address, and release. The Source Address window, Figure 2-14, will appear.

2-24 Monitoring Hub Performance

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Figure 2-14. The Bridge Port Source Address Window

The bridge port Source Address window displays the MAC address of each device that has transmitted packets that have been forwarded through the selected bridging interface during the last cycle of the Filtering Database’s deﬁned ageing timer (learned addresses that have not transmitted a packet during one complete cycle of the ageing timer are purged from the Source Address Table). For more information on the Filtering Database, see in Chapter 6, Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View.

Managing the Hub

In addition to the performance information described in the preceding sections, the Hub View also provides you with the tools you need to conﬁgure your hub and keep it operating properly. Hub management functions include setting polling intervals; launching a variety of SPMA Tool applications (including FDDI management applications, and the Bridge View application); performing all available port conﬁguration for Ethernet, FDDI, Fast Ethernet, and COM ports; and enabling and disabling bridge ports.

Launching SPMA Tools from the Hub View

The 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View provides access to most of the SPMA Tool applications available for your SmartSwitch. These tool applications are also available from the icon menu and the command line; they are described in detail in the SPMA Tools Guide.

Managing the Hub 2-25

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Module Utilities

Most of the available SPMA Tools can be launched from the Module —> Module Utilities menu. (Remember, the Module menu is available in any Application

Display mode.) To launch a utility from this menu:

1. Clic k either mouse b utton on the Module Inde x or Module T ype bo x in the Hub View to display the Module menu.

2. Drag down to Module Utilities, then across to select the tool you want to launch:

MIB I, II

TIP

a. Community Names (described in Chapter 3 of the b. TFTP Download (described in Chapter 5 of the c. T rap Tab le (described in Chapter 6 of the d. P ath T ool (described in Chapter 10 of the

SPMA T ools Guide

)

One tool available for the 7C0x SmartSwitch but not accessible from within the Hub View is the Telnet application; this application provides remote access to Local Management, from which you can perform many basic conﬁguration options — including selecting either SecureFast switching or traditional bridging.

For more information about the Telnet application, see Chapter 4 of the SPMA Tools Guide; for more information about Local Management and the conﬁguration options available there, consult the Local Management documentation shipped with your device.

The MIB I, II tool — which gives you direct access to the MIB II information stored in your 7C0x’s MIB — is also available from within the Hub View. To launch it:

2. Click either mouse button on the Display Mode box in the Hub View to launch the Interface menu; drag down to MIB II, and release.

The MIB I, II tool is described in detail in Chapter 2 of the SPMA Tools Guide.

Find MAC Address

The newest member of the family of SPMA Tool applications, the Global Find MAC Address tool gives you the ability to locate the hub interface through which a speciﬁc MAC address is communicating. If you are running SPMA from within a network management platform (HP Network Node Manager, IBM NetView, or SunNet Manager), launching this tool from the platform’s Console window Tools

2-26 Managing the Hub

UPS

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

menu allows you to search for a speciﬁed MAC address on multiple devices simultaneously; however, if you launch this tool from the Hub View or from the command line, only the hub against which you launch the tool will be searched.

To launch the Global Find MAC Address tool from the Hub View:

1. Click on to display the Device menu; note that this menu is the

same regardless of the Application Display mode currently in effect.

2. Drag down to Find MAC Address, and release.

The Global Find MAC Address tool is described in detail in Chapter 12 of the SPMA Tools Guide.

If either of the COM Ports on the 7X00 controller module has been conﬁgured for UPS operation (see Conﬁguring COM Ports, page 2-36), that port’s menu will include a selection that allows you to launch the UPS conﬁguration tool.

To do so:

1. Click either mouse button in the Port Status or Port Index box for the COM

port you wish to conﬁgure; the COM port menu will be displayed. (Remember, the COM port menus are available in all Application Display modes.)

2. Drag down to UPS, and release.

If the COM port menu does not include the UPS selection, that COM port has not yet been conﬁgured for UPS operation; see Conﬁguring COM Ports, page 2-36, for more information.

The UPS conﬁguration tool is described in detail in Chapter 8 of the SPMA Tools Guide.

Accessing FDDI Management

If you have any FDDI modules installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis, the Module —> FDDI Utilities menu provides access to ﬁve applications that allow you to monitor and manage your FDDI interfaces.

To access FDDI management applications:

1. Clic k either mouse b utton on the Module Inde x or Module T ype bo x in the Hub

View to display the Module menu. (Remember, the Module menu is available in all Application Display modes.)

2. Dr ag down to FDDI Utilities , then across to select the FDDI management tool

you need: a. Port Conﬁguration b. Alarm Conﬁguration

Managing the Hub 2-27

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

c. SMT/MAC Conﬁguration d. SMT Connection Policy e. Station List

All of these applications are described in detail in Chapter 4, FDDI Management.

Accessing ATM Management

For 7C0x SmartSwitches which have a 7A06-01 NIM installed, the Module menu will provide access to the ATM conﬁguration application.

To launch this application:

1. Clic k either mouse b utton on the Module Inde x or Module T ype bo x in the Hub View to display the Module menu. (Remember, the Module menu is available in all Application Display modes.)

2. Drag down to ATM, and release.

The ATM Conﬁguration application is described in detail in Chapter 5, ATM Conﬁguration.

Accessing Bridge Management

For 7C0x SmartSwitches which are conﬁgured to operate as traditional bridges, you can use the Bridge menu to launch the Bridge View application. To do so:

2. Click either mouse button on the Display Mode box in the Hub View to launch the Bridge menu; drag down to Bridge Mgmt, and release.

The Bridge View application is described in detail in Chapter 6, Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View.

Setting the Polling Intervals

To set the polling intervals used by SPMA and the 7C0x SmartSwitch:

1. Click on to display the Device menu.

2. Drag down to Polling Intervals, and release.

2-28 Managing the Hub

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Figure 2-15. 7C0x SmartSwitch Polling Intervals

3. To activate the desired polling, click mouse button 1 on the selection box to

the right of each polling type ﬁeld.

4. To change a polling interval, highlight the value y ou w ould like to change, and

enter a new value in seconds. Note that the Use Defaults option must selected, or values will revert back to default levels when you click on

, and your changes will be ignored.

5. If you wish to use your new polling interval settings as the default values that

SPMA will use for each SmartSwitch you are managing, use mouse button 1 to select the Save As Defaults option.

6. If y ou wish to replace e xisting values with the current set of def ault v alues, use

mouse button 1 to select the Use Defaults option.

7. Click mouse button 1 on once your changes are complete.

Changes take effect after the current polling cycle is complete.

You can set the update intervals for the following:

Contact Status

This polling interval controls how often the 7C0x SmartSwitch is “pinged” to check SPMA’s ability to maintain a connection with the device.

Device General Status

This polling interval controls how often the Hub View Front Panel Information — such as Uptime, Device Name, and so forth — and some module and port status information is updated.

not

Managing the Hub 2-29

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Device Conﬁguration

This polling interval controls how often a survey is conducted of the type of equipment installed in the 7C0x SmartSwitch hub; information from this poll would change the Hub View to reﬂect the addition and/or removal of a NIM or NIMs.

Port Operational State

This polling interval controls the update of the information displayed in the Port Status boxes for each port in the hub. Port state information varies according to the Port Display Form which is currently selected.

Statistics

This polling interval controls how often the information displayed in the Port Status boxes is updated when the Port Display Form is set to a rate or percentage.

SPMA generates network trafﬁc when it retrieves the above-described information; keep

NOTE

in mind that shorter intervals mean increased network trafﬁc. Range limits for these polling times are 0-999,999 seconds; however, an entry of 0 will be treated as a 1.

Port Conﬁguration

The Port Conﬁguration options available for FDDI, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and COM ports allow you to conﬁgure operating parameters speciﬁc to each port type: for FDDI and standard Ethernet ports, you can set the Duplex Mode; for Fast Ethernet ports, you can set a variety of duplex mode and negotiation parameters; and for COM ports, you can select the operation you wish the port to perform, and set any associated speed parameters. FDDI, Ethernet, and Fast Ethernet Port Conﬁguration windows are available from the Interface Application Display Port menus; the COM Port menu is available in all Application Display modes.

Conﬁguring Ethernet and FDDI Ports

The Port Conﬁguration window available for both Ethernet and FDDI ports allows you to set an interface to either Standard or Full Duplex Mode. Full Duplex mode effectively doubles the available wire speed by allowing the interface to both receive and transmit simultaneously. This window will also display the mode currently in effect on the selected interface.

To access the Port Conﬁguration Window:

2-30 Managing the Hub

TIP

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

2. Clic k mouse button 3 on the Port Status box for the Ethernet or FDDI interf ace

whose mode you wish to change.

3. Drag down to Conﬁguration, and release. The Port Conﬁguration window,

Figure 2-16, will appear.

Figure 2-16. Port Conﬁguration

Note that, if you select the Conﬁguration option available for a Fast Ethernet interface, an entirely different window will appear; see Conﬁguring Fast Ethernet Ports, below, for information on conﬁguring these ports.

Use the options in this window to select the desired mode:

Standard Mode

In Standard Mode, an interface can only either transmit or receive at any given time, and must wait for one activity to be completed before switching to the next activity (receive or transmit). In this mode, standard wire speeds (10 Mbps for Ethernet, 100 Mbps for FDDI) are available.

Full Duplex

In Full Duplex Mode, an interface can both receive and transmit packets at the same time, effectively doubling the available wire speed to 20 Mbps (for Ethernet) or 200 Mbps (for FDDI).

Be sure to click on to set your changes.

Note that the interface’s current mode can be determined by the ﬁeld selected in the window; you can also use the Duplex Mode port display form to display the current mode for all installed interfaces. See Interface Port Display Forms,

page 2-16, for details.

Managing the Hub 2-31

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Conﬁguring Fast Ethernet Ports

If you have any Fast Ethernet NIMs installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis, the Port Conﬁguration window available for those ports allows you to both view and set that port’s available modes. All 100Base-TX Fast Ethernet ports can be conﬁgured to operate in either standard Ethernet (10 Mbps) or Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) mode, and in each mode can be conﬁgured to operate in Full Duplex, effectively doubling the available wire speed (from 10 to 20 Mbps in standard Ethernet mode, or from 100 to 200 Mbps in Fast Ethernet mode); 100Base-FX (ﬁber) ports can be conﬁgured to operate in their standard 100 Mbps mode, or in full duplex mode. This window also displays the mode currently in effect on the selected interface, and provides some information (where it is available) about the interface’s link partner.

To access the Port Conﬁguration Window:

2. Click mouse button 3 on the Port Status box for the Fast Ethernet interface whose mode you wish to change.

3. Drag down to Conﬁguration, and release. The Fast Ethernet Port Conﬁguration window, Figure 2-17, will appear.

Figure 2-17. Fast Ethernet Conﬁguration

2-32 Managing the Hub

NOTE

TIP

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

The Advertised Abilities functionality is not supported by the FE-100FX Fast Ethernet port module; if you launch the Conﬁguration window for one of these modules, the

Advertised Abilities section of the window will display No Support, and the Remote Capabilities section will display Unknown. If you launch the window for a port module

slot which has no FE module installed, all ﬁelds will display either Unknown or No Support.

Note that, if you select the Conﬁguration option available for a standard Ethernet or FDDI interface, an entirely different window will appear; see Conﬁguring Ethernet and FDDI Ports, page 2-30, for information on conﬁguring these ports.

From this window you can manually set the operational mode of the port, or — for 100Base-TX interfaces — set the port to auto negotiation so that the appropriate operational mode can be determined automatically. The mode you set will determine the speed of the port and whether it uses Full Duplex or Standard Mode bridging.

The following information about the selected Fast Ethernet port is displayed:

Port T ype

Displays the port’s type: 100Base-TX RJ-45 (for built-in Fast Ethernet ports and the FE-100TX Fast Ethernet port module), 100Base-FX MMF SC Connector (for the FE-100-FX Fast Ethernet port module), or Unknown (for a port slot with no module installed).

Link State

Displays the current connection status of the selected port: Linked or Not Linked.

Current Operational Mode

Indicates which of the available operational modes is currently in effect: 10Base-T, 10Base-T Full Duplex, 100Base-TX, 100Base-TX Full Duplex, 100Base-FX, or 100Base-FX Full Duplex. If the port is still initializing, not linked, or if there is no port module installed in the slot, this ﬁeld will display Unknown.

Desired Operational Mode

Displays the operational mode that you have selected for this port, and allows you to change that selection. The following operational modes are available for each port:

100Base-TX Auto Negotiation, 10Base-T, 10BASE-T Full Duplex,

100Base-TX, and 100Base-TX Full Duplex.

100Base-FX 100Base-FX and 100Base-FX Full Duplex

Managing the Hub 2-33

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

If you choose to select a speciﬁc mode of operation (rather than auto-negotiation), you

CAUTION

should be sure that the link partner supports the same mode. Otherwise, no link will be achieved.

If you select a Full Duplex mode and the link partner supports the same wire speed but not Full Duplex, a link will be achieved, but it will be unstable and will behave erratically.

If you select Auto-Negotiation, the local node will try to match the mode of the link partner, even if the link partner is not set to auto-negotiate, and even if the local node must use a mode which is it is not currently advertising.

Note that if Auto Negotiation is the selected mode, the Current Operational Mode ﬁeld will indicate which mode was selected by the link partners.

See Setting the Desired Operational Mode, page 2-35, for more information.

Advertised Abilities

For 100Base-TX ports which have been conﬁgured to operate in Auto Negotiation mode, this ﬁeld allows you to select which of the operational modes available to the port can be selected by the negotiating link partners. During Auto Negotiation, each of the link partners will advertise all selected modes in descending bandwidth order: 100Base-TX Full Duplex, 100Base-TX, 10Base-T Full Duplex, and 10Base-T. Of the selected abilities, the highest mode mutually available will automatically be used. If there is no mode mutually advertised, no link will be achieved.

NOTE

If you have selected a speciﬁc operational mode for your 100Base-TX port, the Advertised Abilities do not apply; the selected Advertised Abilities also do not restrict the local node’s ability to set up a link with a partner who is not currently Auto-Negotiating.

Auto-Negotiation is not currently supported for 100Base-FX ports; for these ports, the Advertised Abilities section will display No Support.

Remote Capabilities

When the local node is set to Auto-Negotiation, this ﬁeld will display the advertised abilities of the remote link — even if the remote link is not currently set to auto-negotiate. Possible values for this ﬁeld are:

• 100Base-TX Full Duplex

• 100Base-TX

• 10Base-T Full Duplex

• 10Base-T

2-34 Managing the Hub

NOTE

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

• Link Partner does not support auto negotiation — auto negotiation is either

not supported by or is not currently selected on the remote port.

• Unknown — the link partner’s capabilities could not be determined.

When the local node is not set to Auto-Negotiation, this ﬁeld will remain blank, even if the link partner is set to Auto-Negotiation and is advertising abilities.

If both link partners are set to Auto-Negotiation, but there is no mutually-advertised operational mode, no link will be achieved, and both nodes may display the message “Link Partner does not support Auto-Negotiation.” To resolve this situation, be sure both link partners advertise all their abilities, or be sure they advertise at least one mutually-available mode.

Setting the Desired Operational Mode

For any 100Base-TX port, you can speciﬁcally choose any one of the four available operational modes, or you can select Auto-Negotiation mode, which allows the port to negotiate with its link partner to ﬁnd the highest mutually available bandwidth. If you select Auto Negotiation mode, you must also choose which of the port’s bandwidth capabilities you wish to advertise to the link partner.

TIP

If you select Auto-Negotiation at both ends of a link, be sure at least one mutually-advertised operational mode is available.

For a 100Base-FX port, the selection process is somewhat simpler; Auto Negotiation for these ports is not supported at this time, so you need only choose between 100Base-FX standard mode and 100Base-FX Full Duplex. However, you must still be sure that both link partners are set to the same operational mode, or the link will be unstable.

To set your desired operational mode:

1. Click in the Desired Operational Mode ﬁeld to display the menu of available

options; drag down to select the operational mode you wish to set.

For 100Base-TX ports, the available options are:

10Base-T — 10 Mbps connection, Standard Mode 10Base-T Full Duplex — 10 Mbps connection, Duplex Mode 100Base-TX — 100 Mbps connection, Standard Mode 100Base-TX Full Duplex — 100 Mbps connection, Duplex Mode Auto Negotiation — the operational mode will be dynamically set based on

the modes selected in the Advertised Abilities ﬁeld (where both link partners are auto-negotiating) and the speeds and modes supported by the attached device

Managing the Hub 2-35

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

For 100Base-FX ports, options are:

100Base-FX — 100 Mbps connection, Standard Mode 100Base-FX Full Duplex — 100 Mbps connection, Duplex Mode

2. If you have selected Auto Negotiation (for 100Base-TX ports only), use the Advertised Abilities ﬁeld to select the operational capabilities you wish to advertise to the port’s link partner. If both link partners will be auto-negotiating, be sure there is at least one mutually-advertised operational mode, or no link will be achieved.

The selected Advertised Abilities only come into play when both link partners are

TIP

auto-negotiating; if only one link partner is set to auto-negotiate, that node will establish a link at whatever mode its partner is set to, even if that mode is not currently being advertised.

3. Click on to save your changes. Some window ﬁelds will refresh immediately and display the new settings; to manually refresh the window, simply close, the re-open it, or just re-select the Conﬁguration option from the appropriate Port menu. Note that it may take a few minutes for mode changes to be completely initialized, particularly if the link partners must negotiate or re-negotiate the mode; y ou may need to refresh the windo w a f ew times before current operational data is displayed.

Conﬁguring COM Ports

You can use the COM Port Conﬁguration window (Figure 2-18) to specify the function each of the two RS232 COM ports available on the 7X00 Controller module will perform. To do so:

1. Click mouse button 3 on the Port Status or Port Index box for the COM port

2. Drag down to Conﬁguration, and release. The COM Port Conﬁguration

you wish to conﬁgure. The COM Port Menu will appear; remember, this menu is available in all Application Display modes.

window, Figure 2-18, will appear.

2-36 Managing the Hub

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Figure 2-18. COM Port Conﬁguration Window

You can use the COM Port Conﬁguration window to set the following operating parameters:

COM Port Admin

Use this ﬁeld to administratively enable or disable the COM port.

COM Port Function

Use this ﬁeld to select the function for which you wish to use the COM port:

LM Local Management: select this option if you wish to connect a

terminal to the selected COM port from which to run Local Management.

UPS Select this option if you wish to connect an uninterruptable

power supply (UPS) to the selected COM Port. Note that if you select this option, an additional option — UPS — will appear on the COM Port menu; use the resulting window to conﬁgure speciﬁc UPS settings.

SLIP Select this option to use the selected COM port as a SLIP

connection for out-of-band SNMP management via direct connection to a serial port on your network management workstation. Note that when you conﬁgure the port as a SLIP connection, you must select the desired baud rate in the Speed Selection ﬁeld described below.

PPP Select this option to use the selected COM port as a PPP

connection for out-of-band SNMP management via direct connection to a serial port on your network management workstation. Note that when you conﬁgure the port as a PPP connection, you must select the desired baud rate in the Speed Selection ﬁeld described below.

Managing the Hub 2-37

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Current 7C0x ﬁrmware versions support only Local Management and UPS via the COM

NOTE

TIP

port; future versions will add SLIP and PPP support.

Speed Selection

If you have conﬁgured the selected port as a SLIP or PPP connection, you must select the appropriate baud rate: 2400, 4800, 9600, 19,200, or Auto-Baud. Note that this ﬁeld will default to Auto-Baud and become unselectable when the COM Port Function is set to LM or UPS.

If the COM port you wish to conﬁgure is currently set to LM or UPS, the Speed Selection ﬁeld will be unavailable until the COM Port Function is set to SLIP or PPP and that change is applied. Once available, the Speed Selection ﬁeld will default to the last known speed setting; click on the ﬁeld to change this setting if necessary, then click again to complete the conﬁguration.

To change any of the conﬁguration parameters on the selected COM port:

1. Click on the COM Port Admin: or COM Port Function: selection button to display a menu of available options.

2. Drag down to select the desired setting, then release.

3. Click on to save your changes.

Enabling and Disabling Bridge Ports

For devices conﬁgured to operate as traditional bridges, you can use the Bridge Port menu (available in the Bridge Application Display mode) or simply click on any Bridge Port index or display box to enable or disable any bridging interface.

To do so:

2. Click mouse button 1 on the bridge interface you wish to enable or disable;

Click mouse button 3 on the bridge interface you wish to enable or disable to display the Bridge Port menu; drag down to Enable or Disable, as desired, and release.

2-38 Managing the Hub

NOTE

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

3. A window will appear asking you to conﬁrm your selection; click on OK to

continue the enable or disable process, or on Cancel to cancel.

When you disable bridging at a port interface, you disconnect that port’s network segment from the bridge entirely. The port does not forward any packets, nor does it participate in Spanning Tree operations. Nodes connected to that network segment can still communicate with one another, but they can’t communicate with other networks connected to the bridge.

When you enable bridging for the interface, the port moves from the Disabled state through the Listening and Learning states to the Forwarding state; bridge port state color codes will change accordingly.

For more information about bridging functions and how to determine the current state of each bridge port, see Bridge Port Display Forms, page 2-13, and Chapter 6, Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View.

Managing the Hub 2-39

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

2-40 Managing the Hub

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Creating alarms; assigning events and actions; viewing an alarm log

Through the RMON Alarm and Event functionality supported by your 7C0x SmartSwitch, you can conﬁgure some basic alarm thresholds for each available bridge port interface; you can also deﬁne a response to each alarm condition.

The current version of the Basic Alarm application can only be used on devices which are

CAUTION

conﬁgured to operate as traditional bridges, as it has some dependencies on bridge-speciﬁc table information; if you try to launch the application against a device which is conﬁgured for SecureFast switching, the window will paint, but the interface list box will remain blank.

Chapter 3

About Basic Alarms

Using the Basic Alarm Conﬁguration application, you can deﬁne both rising and falling alarm thresholds for three selected MIB-II objects: ifInOctets, ifInNUcast, and ifInErrors. Because these pre-selected objects are not RMON-speciﬁc, you can conﬁgure alarms for all available bridge interfaces in your SmartSwitch chassis — including those, like FDDI, for which no speciﬁc RMON statistics currently exist.

In addition to conﬁguring separate rising and falling thresholds, you can also conﬁgure your device’s response to an alarm condition: when a threshold is crossed, the SmartSwitch can create a log of alarm events, send a trap notifying your management workstation that an alarm condition has occurred, or both; you can even conﬁgure an alarm to enable or disable bridging on the offending port in response to a rising or falling alarm condition.

Current versions of the Basic Alarm Conﬁguration application do not provide a means for

TIP

viewing any alarm logs you choose to create; if you wish to use the Log option, you can view the associated log via the MIBTree or any similar SNMP-based tool. See Viewing an Alarm Log, page 3-10, for details.

3-1

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Launching the Basic Alarm Application

You can access the Basic Alarm application in one of two ways:

from the Hub View:

2. Click either mouse button on the Display Mode box to launch the Interface menu; drag down to Basic Alarm Conﬁguration, and release.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

spmarun balarm <IP Address> <read community name> <write community name>

NOTES

TIP

The spmarun script invoked ﬁrst in the above command temporarily sets the environment variables SPMA needs to operate; be sure to use this command any time you launch an application from the command line. This script is automatically invoked when you launch an application from within the Hub View.

If you wish to conﬁgure alarms via the Basic Alarm Conﬁguration window, be sure to use a write community name with at least Read/Write access. If you only wish to view alarms, a community name with Read access will be sufﬁcient.

If there is a hostname mapped to your 7C0x’s IP address, you can use <hostname> in place of <IP address> to launch this application. Please note, however, that the hostname is not the same as the device name which can be assigned via Local Management and/or SPMA; you cannot use the device name in place of the IP address.

If you launch the Basic Alarm application (whether from the Interface menu in the Hub View or from the command line) against a 7C0x whose RMON MIB component has been disabled, an error window will appear notifying you of that fact.

In many cases the RMON component is disabled by default when the device is shipped; to enable it, use the MIBTree or any similar SNMP-based MIB tool to query the contLogicalEntryTable, and change the contLogicalEntryAdminStatus value for the RMON component from 7 (disabled) to 3 (enabled). The application should then run successfully.

3-2 About Basic Alarms

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Figure 3-1. Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Viewing Alarm Status

The Basic Alarm Conﬁguration window, Figure 3-1, contains all the ﬁelds you need to conﬁgure one or more of the three alarms available for each interface installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch hub:

In Octets Kb — Total Errors — Broadcast/Multicast

Use these ﬁelds at the top of the window to change the alarm type whose status is displayed in the list box. For example, if the In Octets Kb option is selected, the information in the list box pertains to the status of the In Octets Kb alarm type for each installed interface. Before you conﬁgure an alarm or alarms, be sure the appropriate option is selected here.

Viewing Alarm Status 3-3

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

The available alarm variables are:

• In Octets Kb (ifInOctets) — tracks the number of octets of data received by the selected interface. Note that this value has been converted for you from octets (or bytes) to kilobytes (or units of 1000 bytes); be sure to enter your thresholds accordingly. For example, to set a rising threshold of 5000 octets, enter a threshold value of 5; to set a falling threshold of 1000 octets, enter a threshold value of 1.

• Total Errors (ifInErrors) — tracks the number of error packets received by the selected interface.

• Broadcast/Multicast (ifInNUcast) — tracks the number of non-unicast — that is, broadcast or multicast — packets received by the selected interface.

Note that the three pre-selected alarm variables are all MIB II variables; this allows you to

TIP

conﬁgure alarms for any interface installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis — even those for which no speciﬁc RMON statistics yet exist.

Port Number

Provides a sequential indexing of the interfaces installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis. Available interfaces are indexed from left to right in the hub, and follow physical port indexing on each individual module. (Note that some Ethernet modules index ports from bottom to top, rather than top to bottom; the Port # displayed here will reﬂect that indexing scheme.)

IF Number

Displays the interface number assigned to each available interface. Interface indexing follows an XXXXYY scheme, where X = slot index times 10,000, and Y = port index. For example, an interface index of 30017 would be assigned to port 17 on the module installed in slot 3 of the chassis.

IF Type

Displays each interface’s type: FDDI, Ethernet, or ATM. Note that there is no type distinction between standard Ethernet and Fast Ethernet.

Status

Displays the current status of the selected alarm type for each interface: Enabled or Disabled. Remember, this status refers only to the alarm type which is selected at the top of the window; each of the other two alarm types can have different states.

Log

Indicates whether or not each alarm has been conﬁgured to create a silent log of event occurrences and the alarms that triggered them: Yes if it has, No if it hasn’t.

3-4 Viewing Alarm Status

TIP

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Current versions of the Basic Alarm Conﬁguration application do not provide a means for viewing any alarm logs you choose to create; if you wish to use the Log option, you can view the associated log via the MIBTree or any similar SNMP-based tool. See Viewing an Alarm Log, page 3-10, for details.

Trap

Indicates whether or not each alarm has been conﬁgured to issue a trap in response to a rising or falling alarm condition: Yes if it has, No if it hasn’t. Remember, if you choose to select this option for your alarms, you must be sure the 7C0x has been conﬁgured to send traps to your management workstation, and that the management workstation you choose has the ability to accept those trap messages. See the Trap Table chapter in the SPMA Tools Guide for more information.

Polling Interval

Displays the amount of time, in seconds, over which the selected alarm variable will be sampled. At the end of the interval, the sample value will be compared to both the rising and falling thresholds (described below). You can set any interval from 1 to 999,999,999 seconds; however, intervals shorter than 10 seconds are not likely to perform well. The default value is 30 seconds.

Rising Threshold

Displays the high threshold value set for the selected alarm variable. By default, values used to compare to the thresholds are relative, or delta values (the difference between the value counted at the end of the current interval and the value counted at the end of the previous interval); be sure to set your thresholds accordingly.

Rising Action

Indicates whether or not a rising alarm occurrence will initiate any actions in response to the alarm condition: Enable if bridging will be enabled at the selected interface in response to a rising alarm, Disable if bridging will be disabled at the selected interface in response to a rising alarm, and None if no actions have been conﬁgured for the selected alarm.

Falling Threshold

Displays the low threshold value set for the selected alarm variable. By default, values used to compare to the thresholds are relative, or delta values (the difference between the value counted at the end of the current interval and the value counted at the end of the previous interval); be sure to set your thresholds accordingly.

Falling Action

Indicates whether or not a falling alarm occurrence will initiate any actions in response to the alarm condition: Enable if bridging will be enabled at the selected interface in response to a falling alarm, Disable if bridging will be disabled in response to a falling alarm, and None if no actions have been conﬁgured for the selected alarm.

Viewing Alarm Status 3-5

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Before you decided whether or not to assign an action to a rising or falling alarm, it is

TIP

important to understand something about the hysteresis function built in to the RMON alarm functionality. See How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work, below, for more information.

The remainder of the window ﬁelds provide the means for conﬁguring alarms for each available interface. Note that the information provided in this screen is static once it is displayed; for updated information, click on . Adding or modifying an alarm automatically updates the list.

How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work

Rising and falling thresholds are intended to be used in pairs, and can be used to provide notiﬁcation of spikes or drops in a monitored value — either of which can indicate a network problem. To make the best use of this powerful feature, pairs of thresholds should not be set too far apart, or the alarm notiﬁcation process may be defeated: a built-in hysteresis function designed to limit the generation of events speciﬁes that, once a conﬁgured threshold is met or crossed in one direction, no additional events will be generated until the opposite threshold is met or crossed. Therefore, if your threshold pair spans a wide range of values, and network performance is unstable around either threshold, you will only receive one event in response to what may be several dramatic changes in value. To monitor both ends of a wide range of values, set up two pairs of thresholds: one set at the top end of the range, and one at the bottom. Figure 3-2 illustrates such a conﬁguration.

Event

Rising Threshold

Falling Threshold

Event

Rising Threshold Falling Threshold

Event

Figure 3-2. Sample Rising and Falling Threshold Pairs

The current version of the Basic Alarm application only allows you to conﬁgure a single

TIP

pair of thresholds for each alarm variable on each interface; be sure to keep this hysteresis function in mind when conﬁguring those threshold values.

3-6 Viewing Alarm Status

Conﬁguring an Alarm

The editable ﬁelds at the bottom of the Basic Alarm Conﬁguration window allow you to conﬁgure alarm parameters for each available interface. These ﬁelds will display the alarm parameters for the interface which is currently highlighted (and the alarm variable currently selected at the top of the window); if more than one interface is selected in the list box, the parameters displayed will be those assigned to the selected interface with the lowest index number.

Note that there is no speciﬁc “Enable” function; simply conﬁguring thresholds and/or actions for an alarm and applying those changes enables the alarm. For more information on disabling an alarm, see Disabling an Alarm, page 3-9.

To conﬁgure an alarm:

1. At the top of the windo w, click to select the variable to be used for your alarm:

In Octets Kb, Total Errors, or Broadcast/Multicast. The display in the list

box will reﬂect the current status at each interface of the alarm type you have selected.

2. In the list box, click to highlight the interface or interfaces for which you would

like to conﬁgure an alarm for the selected variable. Note that the editable ﬁelds will display the alarm parameters assigned to the selected interface with the lowest index number; however, any changes you make in these ﬁelds will

all

be set to

selected interfaces.

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

NOTES

3. In the Interval ﬁeld, enter the amount of time, in seconds, over which the

selected variable will be sampled. At the end of the interval, the sample value will be compared to both the rising and falling thresholds. You can assign any interval from 1 to 999,999,999; however, intervals shorter than 10 seconds are not likely to perform well. The default value is 30.

4. In the Alarm ﬁeld, click to select one or both of the following options:

a. Select Log if you wish to create a silent log of alarm occurrences. b. Select Trap if y ou wish the 7C0x to issue a trap in response to each alarm

occurrence.

If you select the Trap option, be sure your 7C0x SmartSwitch is conﬁgured to send traps to your management workstation, and be sure that workstation has the ability to receive traps (which SPMA does not provide); for more information, see the Trap Table chapter in the SPMA Tools Guide.

Conﬁguring an Alarm 3-7

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

5. If you have selected the Trap option in the Alarm ﬁeld, the Community ﬁeld will become active; any value you enter here will be included in any trap messages. Your trap utility may use this community name as a means of ﬁltering traps, or as a means of directing traps within the management platform; if it does not, you need not enter a value into this ﬁeld. A value of “public” will be assigned by default.

6. Click in the Rising Threshold ﬁeld; enter the high threshold value for this alarm. Remember, compared values are always relative, or delta values (the difference between the value counted at the end of the current interval and the value counted at the end of the previous interval); be sure to set your thresholds accordingly.

Remember, too, when conﬁguring an In Octets Kb alarm, SPMA converts octets into kilobytes for you; for example, to set a rising threshold of 5000 octets, enter a threshold value of 5.

7. In the Rising Action ﬁeld, click to select the action you want your device to take in response to a rising alarm: Enable Port, Disable Port, or None. Note that this action enables and disables only not the interface itself.

bridging

at the speciﬁed port, and

For more information on how actions are triggered, see How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work, page 3-6.

8. Click in the Falling Threshold ﬁeld; enter the low threshold value for this alarm. Remember, compared values are always relative, or delta values (the difference between the value counted at the end of the current interval and the value counted at the end of the previous interval); be sure to set your thresholds accordingly.

Remember, too, when conﬁguring an In Octets Kb alarm, SPMA converts octets into kilobytes for you; for example, to set a falling threshold of 2000 octets, enter a threshold value of 2.

9. In the Falling Action ﬁeld, click to select the action you want your device to take in response to a falling alarm: Enable Port, Disable Port, or None. Note that this action enables and disables only not the interface itself.

For more information on how actions are triggered, see How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work, page 3-6.

10. Click to set your changes. If you have made any errors in conﬁguring alarm parameters (using an invalid rising or falling thresholds, for example), an error window with the appropriate message will appear. Correct the noted problem(s), and click again.

Once you click , the conﬁgured alarm parameters will be set for every selected interface, and the alarms will automatically be enabled; the list box display will also refresh to reﬂect these changes.

bridging

at the speciﬁed port, and

3-8 Conﬁguring an Alarm

To conﬁgure additional alarms, or alarms of a different type, select the appropriate alarm variable at the top of the window, highlight the appropriate interface(s), and repeat the procedures outlined above.

Disabling an Alarm

Using the button at the bottom of the window actually performs two functions: it both disables the alarm and deletes the alarm entry (and its associated event and action entries) from device memory to help conserve device resources. In the list box display, any “disabled” alarm automatically resets to the default parameters: status disabled, log yes, trap no, rising and falling thresholds zero, and no action.

To disable an alarm:

1. In the top of the window, click to select the variable for which you wish to

disable an alarm: In Octets Kb, Total Errors, or Broadcast/Multicast.

2. In the list box display, click to highlight the interface(s) for which you wish to

disable the selected alarm type. Remember, the editable ﬁelds in the lower portion of the window will display the alarm parameters for the selected interface with the lowest index number, but the selected alarm type will be disabled for all selected interfaces.

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

NOTE

3. Click on . The selected alarm type on the selected interface(s) will

be disabled, and the list box display will refresh to reﬂect those changes.

When you disable an alarm, the SPMA Basic Alarm Conﬁguration application deletes the alarm entry and its associated event (log and/or trap) and action (enable or disable port) entries from device memory. However, if any one of these delete operations fails, some unused entries may remain in the tables. If this occurs, you will see the following error message the next time you launch the Basic Alarm application or click the Refresh button:

To delete these unused entries and free up all available device resources, click OK; to leave the entries there, click Cancel. Note that this message will re-appear each time you launch the application or click the Refresh button until the unused entries have been removed.

Disabling an Alarm 3-9

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

Viewing an Alarm Log

The ability to create a log of alarm events is provided by the Event group of the RMON MIB. If you have selected the Log option for any of your alarms, and you wish to view the resulting log, you can do so by using MIBTree or any similar SNMP-based MIB tool to query the RMON MIB’s logTable.

Making sense of a logTable entry by viewing its values straight from the MIB is a tricky

CAUTION

business that requires a good understanding of MIBs and MIB objects, a good understanding of the RMON alarm and event functionality, and a little bit of luck: individual returned MIB values must ﬁrst be sorted into complete entries; each entry must then be matched to the appropriate interface. This process will require some patience, especially if you are viewing the logTable for a 7C0x chassis with many installed interfaces, many of which have enabled alarms. Future releases of SPMA will include more advanced alarm functionality, including the ability to view alarm logs in an easy-to-read format.

Each entry in the logTable (logEntry) contains the following objects:

TIP

logEventIndex

The value of this object reﬂects the index number assigned to the event whose occurrences you have chosen to log. (The “event” is the device’s response to the “alarm” — if an alarm threshold is crossed, the event speciﬁes what action will be taken. The Basic Alarm application allows you to create three kinds of events: those that create a log, those that generate a trap, and those that do both.) The value of this index number won’t tell you which interface the alarm instances occurred on; however, it will help you to ﬁgure out which values of the logIndex, logTime, and logDescription OIDs go together, as this value becomes part of the instance assigned to each object in the table.

logIndex

The value of this object uniquely identiﬁes each alarm occurrence that is stored in a log entry. In combination with the logEventIndex value described above, the logIndex provides the instance values assigned to each table object; use these instance values to sort out individual log entries. For example, the values of all logTable OIDs with the instance 7.1 apply to the ﬁrst occurrence of alarm index 7; the values of all OIDs with the instance 7.2 apply to the second occurrence of alarm index 7; and so on.

Use the instance values assigned to each table object (logEventIndex.logIndex) to arrange the returned values into complete entries; then, view each entry’s logDescription to match the entry to a 7C0x interface. See logDescription, below, for more information.

3-10 Viewing an Alarm Log

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

logTime

Displays the value of the 7C0x’s sysUpTime when the alarm instance occurred (in timeticks by default, but perhaps converted by your MIB utility into days hours:minutes:seconds format). You can compare this value to the device’s current sysUpTime to get a general idea when the alarm condition occurred.

logDescription

The logDescription object provides a detailed description of the alarm event, including a piece of information critical to making sense of the logTable information: the OID of the alarm variable, including its instance — which corresponds to the 7C0x interface on which the alarm was conﬁgured. (The instance value is the last value in the OID string.) Other descriptive information provided includes whether it was a rising or falling event, the index number assigned to the alarm, the alarmSampleType (always 2, or delta), the value that triggered the alarm, the conﬁgured threshold that was crossed, and a description of the alarm occurrence (either Falling Threshold or Rising Threshold).

Note that each logTable will hold only a ﬁnite number of entries, which is determined by the resources available on the device; when the log is full, the oldest entries will be replaced by new ones.

Viewing an Alarm Log 3-11

Basic Alarm Conﬁguration

3-12 Viewing an Alarm Log

Chapter 4

FDDI Management

Using the FDDI utilities to manage FDDI modules: port conﬁguration, alarm conﬁguration, SMT/MAC conﬁguration, conﬁguring the connection policy, and viewing the station list

The Module menu FDDI Utilities selections allow you to monitor and manage the FDDI interfaces installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch hub. Each of the applications available via this menu is described in this chapter:

• Port Conﬁguration lets you view information about the state of the FDDI

interfaces on your module, and allows you to administratively enable or disable individual A and B ports.

• Alarm Conﬁguration allows you to set the LER Alarm and LER Cutoff

thresholds for the FDDI interfaces installed in the SmartSwitch hub.

• SMT/MAC Conﬁguration lets you see information about the conﬁguration of

your FDDI modules’ Station Management (SMT) entities, the operating state of the ring to which each is connected, the physical state of the PHY A and B front panel ports, and parameters related to ring initialization.

• SMT Connection Policy lets you determine which types of connections will

be permitted among the four FDDI port types: A, B, M (Master), and S (Slave).

• The Station List application allows you to view a list of all stations on the

FDDI ring to which each FDDI interface is connected, along with some general information about each station.

4-1

FDDI Management

Each of the FDDI applications available for your 7C0x SmartSwitch can be launched

NOTES

either from within the Hub View or from the command line; note, however, that when an application is launched from the command line, it cannot perform the same kind of port mapping the Hub View can provide, so all port indexing will be handled based on SMT index and port physical index, rather than by front panel index (FP 1 or FP 2) and port type (A or B). All other functionality is identical.

Note, too, that due to a software anomaly, port mapping is not provided for any hub which contains more than one FDDI module; that is, ports will be indexed by SMT and port physical index, rather than by front panel index and port type. Future versions of SPMA will correct this anomaly.

Port Conﬁguration

The Port Conﬁguration window (Figure 4-1) displays information about the conﬁguration of the ports on your FDDI modules, and allows you to enable or disable those ports.

To open the Port Conﬁguration window

NOTES

from the Hub View:

1. Click either mouse button on any Module Index or Module Type text box to display the Module Menu (remember, this menu is the same for all application display modes).

2. Drag down to FDDI Utilities, then across to select Port Conﬁguration.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

spmarun fddiptcf <IP Address> <community name>

If you wish to enable or disable any ports via the Port Conﬁguration window, be sure to use a community name with at least Read/Write access. If you only wish to view port conﬁguration, a community name with Read access will be sufﬁcient.

4-2 Port Conﬁguration

FDDI Management

Figure 4-1. Port Conﬁguration Window

The Port Conﬁguration window displays the following information:

SMT Index

Displays the index number of the Station Management (SMT) entity to which each port is attached. Each FDDI NIM module has two SMT entities — one for each front panel interface. If you have launched the Port Conﬁguration application from the Hub View Module menu, these two SMT entities will be indexed by front panel interface numbers (FP 1 and FP 2, as illustrated above); if you have launched the application from the command line (or if your 7C0x hub has more than one FDDI NIM installed), the front panel designations will not appear. For multiple NIMs, SMT entities will be indexed from left to right in the hub, and from top (front panel port 1) to bottom (front panel port 2) on each module.

Port Index

Displays the index number assigned to each port. If you have launched the Port Conﬁguration application from the Hub View, each front panel port will be identiﬁed by type (A or B); if you have launched from the command line, each will be identiﬁed by a logical index number (1 or 2) that identiﬁes the port in relation to its assigned SMT entity.

Port Conﬁguration 4-3

FDDI Management

NOTE

State

Displays a value that indicates the port’s connection status. There are four possible connection states:

• Connecting –– the port is trying to establish a link, but has not yet been successful. Ports which are not connected and which have not been disabled by management will display this status.

• Active –– the port has been enabled by management and has successfully established a link with its downstream neighbor.

• Standby –– the port has a physical link, but the SMT Connection Policy is prohibiting a logical connection to the ring because the attempted connection is illegal. FDDI protocol always forbids connecting two Master ports; all other connections are theoretically legal, although some are not desirable.

Refer to Conﬁguring the SMT Connection Policy, page 4-21, for more information.

• Disabled –– the port has been disabled by management; note that this status does not indicate whether or not there is a physical link connected to the port.

Connection

A port’s connection is deﬁned by its own port type (A or B) and the port type to which it is connected. For example, a normal connection for a FDDI A port would be A––>B (a “thru” conﬁguration); a port that has no connection will display as B––>None.

Media Type

Indicates the type of cable segment connected to the port; possible values are:

• Multimode Fiber

• Single Mode Fiber 1

• Single Mode Fiber 2

• SONET

• Low-cost Fiber

• Twisted Pair

• Unknown (ﬁrmware can’t locate the information)

• Unspeciﬁed (information is not included in the ﬁrmware)

• ? (ﬁrmware is not responding to the request)

4-4 Port Conﬁguration

Enabling or Disabling FDDI Ports

You can enable or disable ports individually or as a group, as follows:

1. Highlight the appropriate port or ports in the scroll list. You can select or

de-select any ports by clicking on them, or you can use the Scope ﬁeld: if you select

All Ports

Single Port

de-selected, allowing you to select one). Note that the setting displayed in the Scope ﬁeld will automatically adjust as you select and de-select ports.

2. Click on either or . The appropriate window shown in

Figure 4-2 will appear.

, all available ports will be automatically selected; if you select

, only the port last selected will remain selected (or all ports will be

FDDI Management

Figure 4-2. Enable/Disable Conﬁrmation Windows

3. Clic k to enable or disable the port, or click to terminate the

command and exit the window.

Charts, Graphs, and Meters

You can view both an FDDI Port Chart and FDDI Port Meters (and, if you are running SPMA in conjunction with HP Network Node Manager or IBM NetView, an FDDI Port Graph) for your module by clicking on the appropriate buttons, located at the bottom of the Port Conﬁguration window.

Graphing capabilities are provided by an application that is included in HP Network Node

NOTES

Manager and IBM NetView; therefore, graphs are only available when SPMA is run in conjunction with one of these network management platforms. If you are running SPMA in a stand-alone mode or in conjunction with SunNet Manager, no graphing capabilities are available and no graph-related options will be displayed on buttons or menus. Note that the screens displayed in this guide will include the graph-related options where they are available; please disregard these references if they do not apply.

Only general information about charts, graphs, and meters is provided in the following sections; for more detailed information, see the SPMA Tools Guide.

Port Conﬁguration 4-5

FDDI Management

Viewing the FDDI Port Chart

To view the FDDI Port Chart window, highlight an entry in the scroll list and click

. The FDDI Port Chart window, Figure 4-3, will appear.

Figure 4-3. FDDI Port Chart Window

The FDDI Port Chart window displays the following information about the selected port or ports, in both numeric and graphical format:

LEM Count

The LEM (Link Error Monitor) Count displays the number of times each port’s Link Error Monitor has detected a link error. A link error occurs when a port’s line state goes from Idle to Unknown and remains there for at least 80 ns, or when the line state goes from Active to Unknown and remains there for at least 320 ns. A growing LEM Count usually indicates a physical problem with the connectors or the cable between a port and the node at the other end of its cable segment. If you can wiggle the cable and watch the LEM Count increase, you know you have a faulty cable or connector. Dirt or ﬁlm on the connector cable ends can also add to the LEM Count.

LEM Reject Count

The number of times the port’s link has exceeded the conﬁgured LER Cutoff level and been removed as faulty (disabled by station management). SMT automatically re-enables a port when the error rate falls below the cutoff value. See Alarm Conﬁguration, page 4-9, for more information on setting the LER Cutoff threshold.

4-6 Port Conﬁguration

Changing the Measurement of Data

Measurement ﬁelds located at the bottom of the FDDI Port Chart window allow you to change how the incoming data is measured:

• Absolute –– displays the chart variable values recorded in the device MIB

counters.

• Delta –– displays the difference in value for the selected data between the

current poll interval and the last interval.

• Cumulative –– displays the total since the Cumulative button was selected.

• Clear –– resets Cumulative totals to zero; this option is not available in the

Absolute or Delta modes.

To change the type of measurement, or to clear and restart Cumulative totals, click mouse button 1 on the appropriate shadowed button.

To exit the FDDI Port Chart window, click .

Viewing FDDI Port Meters

FDDI Management

To view the FDDI Port Meters window, highlight one or more ports in the scroll list and click . The FDDI Port Meters window, Figure 4-4, will appear. Each of the meters provided displays a single statistic in a format that lets you know at a glance if the counter is registering high, medium, or low values.

Figure 4-4. FDDI Port Meters Window

The FDDI Port Meters window graphically displays the following statistics:

LER Estimate

The LER (Link Error Rate) Estimate displays a cumulative long term average of the bit error rate, which represents the quality of the physical link. It is computed when the port is connected, and every 10 seconds thereafter. The value of the LER

Port Conﬁguration 4-7

FDDI Management

Estimate can range from 10-4 to 10

-15

, but is always displayed as the absolute value of the exponent; for example, if the port’s LER Estimate is computed to be 10-5, the value displayed in the Port Status box will be 5, which represents an actual rate of 1,250 bit errors per second. The lower LER Estimate numbers represent the highest bit error rates.

LEM Rate

The LEM (Link Error Monitor) Rate displays the number of times each port’s Link Error Monitor has detected a link error, expressed as link errors per second. A link error occurs when a port’s line state goes from Idle to Unknown and remains there for at least 80 ns, or when the line state goes from Active to Unknown and remains there for at least 320 ns. A growing LEM Count usually indicates a physical problem with the connectors or the cable between a port and the node at the other end of its cable segment. If you can wiggle the cable and watch the LEM Count increase, you know you have a faulty cable or connector. Dirt or ﬁlm on the connector cable ends can also add to the LEM Count.

LEM Reject Rate

The number of times the port’s link has exceeded the conﬁgured LER Cutoff level and been removed as faulty (disabled by station management), expressed as rejects per second. SMT automatically re-enables a port when the error rate falls below the cutoff value.

To exit the FDDI Port Meters window, click .

See Alarm Conﬁguration, page 4-9, for more information on the statistics described

NOTE

above and their associated alarms.

Viewing FDDI Port Graphs

If you are running SPMA in conjunction with HP Network Node Manager or IBM NetView, the Port Conﬁguration window will include a Graph button; select this button to display FDDI variables for the selected port via the graphing application provided by your network management platform.

If you are running SPMA in conjunction with SunNet Manager or in a stand-alone mode, no graphing capabilities are available, and no graph-related options will appear.

4-8 Port Conﬁguration

Alarm Conﬁguration

The Alarm Conﬁguration application allows you to set the LER Alarm and LER Cutoff thresholds for each FDDI interface installed in the SmartSwitch chassis. Once alarms have been conﬁgured, a port will enter an alarm state if its LER Estimate exceeds the LER Alarm threshold; if the LER Estimate exceeds the LER Cutoff threshold, the port will be disabled.

To open the Alarm Conﬁguration window (Figure 4-5):

from the Hub View:

1. Click either mouse button on any Module Index or Module Type text box to display the Module Menu (remember, this menu is the same for all application display modes).

2. Drag down to FDDI Utilities, then across to select Alarm Conﬁguration.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

FDDI Management

NOTES

spmarun fddialrm <IP Address> <community name>

If you wish to conﬁgure any alarm thresholds, be sure to use a community name with at least Read/Write access. If you only wish to view alarms, a community name with Read access will be sufﬁcient.

Alarm Conﬁguration 4-9

FDDI Management

Figure 4-5. Alarm Conﬁguration Window

The Port List Box in the upper portion of the window displays the following information for each FDDI port in the hub:

(Port Alarm Status)

The color displayed in this box indicates the LER Alarm status of each listed port: green indicates that the port’s LER Estimate is below the LER Alarm threshold; yellow indicates that the port’s LER Estimate has equaled or exceeded the LER Alarm threshold, and the port is in an alarm state; and red indicates that the port’s LER Estimate has equaled or exceeded the LER Cutoff threshold, and the port has been disabled.

SMT Index

Displays the index number of the Station Management (SMT) entity to which each port is attached. Each FDDI NIM module has two SMT entities — one for each front panel interface. If you have launched the Alarm Conﬁguration application from the Hub View Module menu, these two SMT entities will be indexed by front panel interface numbers (FP 1 and FP 2, as illustrated above); if you have launched the application from the command line (or if your 7C0x hub has more than one FDDI NIM installed), the front panel designations will not

4-10 Alarm Conﬁguration

FDDI Management

appear. For multiple NIMs, SMT entities will be indexed from left to right in the hub, and from top (front panel port 1) to bottom (front panel port 2) on each module.

Port

Displays the index number assigned to each port. If you have launched the Alarm Conﬁguration application from the Hub View, each front panel port will be identiﬁed by type (A or B); if you have launched from the command line, each will be identiﬁed by a logical index number (1 or 2) that identiﬁes the port in relation to its assigned SMT entity.

LER Estimate

The Link Error Rate (LER) Estimate (Figure 4-6) is a cumulative long term average of the bit error rate, which represents the quality of the physical link. It is computed when the port is connected and every 10 seconds thereafter. The value of the LER Estimate can range from 10

-4

to 10

-15

, but it is always displayed as the absolute value of the exponent; for example, if the port’s LER Estimate is computed to be 10-5, the value displayed will be 5, which represents an actual rate of 1,250 bit errors per second. The lowest LER Estimate numbers represent the highest bit error rates, as summarized in the ﬁgure below.

.000000125

.00000125

.0000125

.000125

per

.00125

.0125

.125

1.25

12.5 125

1250

12500

456789101112131415

Reported LER Estimate

Bit Errors

Second

Figure 4-6. LER Estimate Values

LER Alarm

The Link Error Rate (LER) Alarm ﬁeld displays the threshold at which a port will enter an alarm condition. A port in an alarm condition will display a yellow status in the Alarm Conﬁguration window; in addition, you can conﬁgure the Meters application so that a mail message will be generated when the threshold is crossed. (For more information about the Meters application, see the Charts, Graphs, and Meters chapter in your SPMA Tools Guide.) The default LER Alarm value is 8, which represents 1.25 bit errors per second (see the table above). When conﬁguring the LER Alarm threshold, be sure that the value you set represents a

lower link error rate than the LER Cutoff threshold, explained below. Remember, a lower link error rate is represented by a higher threshold setting.

Alarm Conﬁguration 4-11

FDDI Management

LER Cutoff

The Link Error Rate (LER) Cutoff ﬁeld displays the threshold at which a connection is ﬂagged as faulty and the port is disabled by Station Management (SMT). SMT automatically re-enables the port when the error rate falls below the cutoff value. The default LER Cutoff threshold is 7, which represents 12.5 bit errors per second (see the table above). When conﬁguring the LER Cutoff threshold, be sure that the value you set represents a higher link error rate than the LER Alarm threshold, explained above. Remember, a higher link error rate is represented by a lower threshold setting.

LEM Count

The Link Error Monitor (LEM) Count ﬁeld displays the number of times each port’s Link Error Monitor detects a link error. A link error occurs when a port’s line state goes from Idle to Unknown and remains there for at least 80 ns, or when the line state goes from Active to Unknown and remains there for at least 320 ns. A growing LEM Count usually indicates a physical problem with the connectors or the cable between a port and the node at the other end of its cable segment. If you can wiggle the cable and watch the LEM Count increase, you know you have a faulty cable or connector. Dirt or ﬁlm on the connector cable ends can also add to the LEM count.

The lower portion of the window provides the ﬁelds you need to conﬁgure the alarms:

1. In the Port List Box, select the port or ports for which you would like to edit the alarm thresholds. You can select or de-select any ports by clicking on them, or you can use the Conﬁgure Alarm For ﬁeld: if y ou select available ports will be automatically selected; if you select the port last selected will remain selected (or all ports will be de-selected, allowing you to select one). Note that the setting displayed in the Set Alarm For ﬁeld will automatically adjust as you select and de-select ports.

2. In the Alarm T ype ﬁeld, select the alarm variable for which you would like to conﬁgure a new threshold: LER Alarm or LER Cutoff.

3. Enter your desired alarm threshold in the Threshold ﬁeld. The default LER Alarm threshold is 8, and the default LER Cutoff threshold is 7; the allowable range for both is 4-15. When re-conﬁguring thresholds, remember that link error rates are represented by set the threshold for the LER Alarm so that it represents a (i.e., has a complete description of the link error rate and how rates are represented.

4. Click on to save your changes. If you wish to conﬁgure both LER Alarm and LER Cutoff thresholds, be sure to click on before switching from one to the other , or the changes you made to the ﬁrst alarm will be lost.

higher

setting) than the LER Cutoff threshold. See above for a

lower

threshold settings; also, be sure to

Single Port

lower

All Ports

link error rate

, all

, only

higher

4-12 Alarm Conﬁguration

SMT/MAC Conﬁguration

The SMT (Station Management)/MAC (Media Access Control) Conﬁguration window displays information about the conﬁguration of each SMT entity present in the hub, the operating state of the ring to which that entity is attached, the physical state of the A and B ports on each module with respect to their MAC entity, and parameters relating to ring initialization.

To open the SMT/MAC Conﬁguration window (Figure 4-7):

from the Hub View:

1. Click either mouse button on any Module Index or Module Type text box to

display the Module Menu (remember, this menu is the same for all application display modes).

2. Drag down to FDDI Utilities, then across to select SMT/MAC Conﬁguration.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

FDDI Management

NOTES

spmarun fddicnfg <IP Address> <community name>

A community name with Read access is sufﬁcient to view SMT/MAC conﬁguration.

SMT/MAC Conﬁguration 4-13

FDDI Management

Figure 4-7. SMT/MAC Conﬁguration Window

The SMT Conﬁguration portion of the window provides the following information about the current conﬁguration of each SMT entity present in the SmartSwitch chassis:

SMT Index

Displays the index number of the Station Management (SMT) entity to which each port is attached. Each FDDI NIM module has two SMT entities — one for each front panel interface. If you have launched the SMT/MAC Conﬁguration application from the Hub View Module menu, these two SMT entities will be indexed by front panel interface numbers (FP 1 and FP 2, as illustrated above); if you have launched the application from the command line (or if your 7C0x hub has more than one FDDI NIM installed), the front panel designations will not appear. For multiple NIMs, SMT entities will be indexed from left to right in the hub, and from top (front panel port 1) to bottom (front panel port 2) on each module.

Version

Displays the operational SMT version being used by each SMT entity. SMT frames have a version ID ﬁeld that identiﬁes the structure of the SMT frame Info ﬁeld. The version number is included in the SMT frame so that a receiving station can determine whether or not its SMT version is able to communicate with the SMT version of another station. Knowing the version number allows the stations to handle version mismatches. Each FDDI station supports a range of SMT versions.

4-14 SMT/MAC Conﬁguration

FDDI Management

The supported version range is identiﬁed with the ietf-fddi MIB by two smtTable attributes: fddimibSMTLoVersionId and fddimibSMTHiVersionId. If a received frame is not within the supported version range, the frame is discarded.

MAC Cts

Displays the number of Media Access Control (MAC) entities assigned to each SMT entity.

Optical Bypass Switch

Indicates whether an Optical Bypass Switch is attached to the module’s A and B ports. An Optical Bypass Switch can prevent a faulty node from causing a wrap condition or bringing down the ring by bypassing the faulty station and allowing the signal to continue to the next station in the ring.

CF State

The CF (Conﬁguration Management) State displays a value that represents the paths — or ring segments — in which the A and B ports are currently inserted; possible values are:

• Isolated –– the node is isolated from all available rings.

• Local-A –– the A port is inserted into a local path; the B port is not inserted into

a local path.

• Local-B –– The B port is inserted into a local path; the A port is not inserted

into a local path.

• Local-AB –– both the A and B ports are inserted into a local path.

• Wrap-A –– the secondary path is wrapped to the A port.

• Wrap-B –– the secondary path is wrapped to the B port.

• Wrap-AB –– the primary path is wrapped to the B port, and the secondary path

is wrapped to the A port.

• C-Wrap-A –– the primary and secondary paths are joined internal to the node,

and wrapped to the A port.

• C-Wrap-B –– the primary and secondary paths are joined internal to the node,

and wrapped to the B port.

• C-Wrap-AB — The primary path is wrapped to the B port and the secondary

path is wrapped to the A port.

• Thru –– the primary path enters the A port, and exits from the B port; the

secondary path enters the B port, and exits from the A port.

• ? –– SPMA cannot determine the current CF State.

SMT/MAC Conﬁguration 4-15

FDDI Management

The MAC Conﬁguration portion of the window provides the following information about the current conﬁguration of the selected interface’s MAC entity:

SMT

Displays the index number assigned to the SMT entity.

MAC

The index number assigned to each MAC entity currently associated with the noted SMT entity. Currently, no more than one MAC can be assigned to each SMT, so this ﬁeld will always display a 1.

MAC Address

Displays the factory-set hardware address of each available MAC interface.

RMT State

Indicates the current state of the noted MAC’s Ring ManagemenT (RMT) state machine. The RMT state machine reports the MAC’s current state, which includes Beacon conditions, Trace conditions, and normal conditions.

• Isolated –– the MAC is not operational because it is not associated with any physical path. This state is also the ﬁrst state the MAC enters on power-up.

• Non-Op –– the MAC being managed is participating in ring recovery, and the ring is not operational. The RMT state machine transitions into this state on the loss of Ring_Operational status, and leaves this state on assertion of Ring_Operational.

• Ring-Op –– the MAC being managed is part of an operational FDDI ring.

• Detect –– the ring has not been operational for longer than T_Non_Op time. Duplicate address conditions that prevent ring operation are detected in the Detect state.

• Non-Op-Dup –– positive indications have been received that the address of the MAC under control is a duplicate of another MAC on the ring. The ring is not operational in this state.

• Ring-Op-Dup –– positive indications have been received that the address of the MAC under control is a duplicate of another MAC on the ring. The ring is operational in this state.

• Directed –– the beacon process did not complete within 7 seconds; the device is sending directed beacons to notify the other stations that a serious problem exists on the ring, and a Trace state is soon to follow.

• Trace –– a problem exists on the ring which could not be corrected during the beaconing process, and a Trace has been initiated. During a Trace, the device sends a signal that forces its nearest upstream neighbor to remove from the ring and conduct a self-test. If the ring does not recover, each subsequent upstream station will be forced to remove from the ring and conduct self-tests until the problem has been corrected.

• ? –– SPMA cannot determine the current RMT State.

4-16 SMT/MAC Conﬁguration

FDDI Management

TReq (Requested Tar get Token Rotation Time)

Displays the token rotation time bid made by the noted MAC during ring initialization, in milliseconds. T-Req is stored within the MIB in nanoseconds rather than milliseconds; SPMA converts nanoseconds to milliseconds according to the following formula:

(snmpFddiMACTReq) divided by 106 = T-Req msec

You can use any SNMP Set Request tool to edit the T-Req value; just remember that you must enter your value in nanoseconds, not milliseconds.

TNeg

Displays the winning token rotation time submitted by an FDDI ring station during the ring initialization, in milliseconds. The station with the lowest token rotation time bid wins the right to initialize the ring.

Current Path

Indicates which FDDI ring the noted MAC is attached to:

• Primary –– the MAC is physically on the primary path.

• Secondary –– the MAC is physically on the secondary path.

• Local –– the MAC is physically on an internal local path and is not associated

with the dual ring.

• Isolated –– the MAC is not associated with any physical path.

• ? –– SPMA cannot determine the current MAC path.

Charts, Graphs, and Meters

You can view both an FDDI MAC Chart and FDDI MAC Meters (and, if you are running SPMA in conjunction with HP Network Node Manager or IBM NetView, an FDDI MAC Graph) for each available MAC entity by clicking on the appropriate buttons at the bottom of the SMT/MAC Conﬁguration window.

Graphing capabilities are provided by an application that is included in HP Network Node

NOTES

Only general information about charts, graphs, and meters is provided in the following sections; for more detailed information, see the SPMA Tools Guide.

SMT/MAC Conﬁguration 4-17

FDDI Management

Viewing the FDDI MAC Chart

To view the FDDI MAC Chart window, highlight an entry in the MAC Conﬁguration scroll list and click . The FDDI MAC Chart window,

Figure 4-8, will appear.

Figure 4-8. FDDI MAC Chart Window

The MAC Chart provides the following information about the selected MAC entity in both numeric and graphical form:

Frame Count

Displays the total number of frames received by the selected MAC.

Error Count

Displays a count of error frames that were detected by the selected MAC that had not been detected previously by another station. An error frame is any received frame that does not meet frame validity criteria: each frame must have a starting delimiter, a frame control ﬁeld, zero or more additional data symbols, and an ending delimiter. The detecting station sets the Frame Status Error Indicator, and repeats the packet. Subsequent receiving stations do not count the frame as an error frame.

4-18 SMT/MAC Conﬁguration

FDDI Management

Lost Count

Displays the number of MAC PDUs (Protocol Data Units include both tokens and frames) that contain an unknown error, so their validity is in doubt. When the MAC encounters a frame of this type, it increments the Lost Frame counter and strips the remainder of the frame from the ring, replacing it with idle symbols.

Changing the Measurement of Data

Measurement ﬁelds located at the bottom of the FDDI MAC Chart window allow you to change how the incoming data is measured:

• Absolute –– displays the chart variable values recorded in the device MIB

counters.

• Delta –– displays the difference in value for the selected data between the

current poll interval and the last interval.

• Cumulative –– displays the total since the Cumulative button was selected.

• Clear –– resets Cumulative totals to zero; this option is not available in the

Absolute or Delta modes.

To change the type of measurement, or to clear and restart Cumulative totals, click mouse button 1 on the appropriate shadowed button.

To exit the FDDI MAC Chart window, click .

Viewing FDDI MAC Meters

To view the FDDI MAC Meters window, highlight an entry in the MAC Conﬁguration scroll list and click . The FDDI MAC Meters window,

Figure 4-9, will appear. Each of the meters provided displays a single statistic in a

format that lets you know at a glance if the counter is registering high, medium, or low values.

Figure 4-9. FDDI MAC Meters Window

SMT/MAC Conﬁguration 4-19

FDDI Management

The FDDI MAC Meters window graphically and numerically displays the following statistics:

Frame Rate

Displays the total FDDI network activity, measured in frames per second. The Frame Rate includes frames, but not tokens.

Frame Error Rate

Displays the total number of MAC Frame errors detected by the module, measured in frames per second. An error frame is any received frame that does not meet frame validity criteria: each frame must have a starting delimiter, a frame control ﬁeld, zero or more additional data symbols, and an ending delimiter. The detecting station sets the Frame Status Error Indicator, and repeats the packet. Subsequent receiving stations do not count the frame as an error frame.

Lost Frame Rate

Displays the number of MAC PDUs (Protocol Data Units include both tokens and frames) that contain an unknown error, measured in frames per second. When the MAC encounters a frame of this type — whose validity is in doubt — it increments the Lost Frame counter and strips the remainder of the frame from the ring, replacing it with idle symbols.

Frame Error Ratio

Where the other meters show a snapshot of network performance, the Frame Error Ratio compares the total number of Lost and Error frames to total number of received frames, displaying a ratio which provides an overall picture of network health.

To exit the FDDI MAC Meters window, click .

Viewing FDDI MAC Graphs

If you are running SPMA in conjunction with HP Network Node Manager or IBM NetView, the Port Conﬁguration window will include a MAC Graph button; select this button to display FDDI variables for the selected port via the graphing application provided by your network management platform.

If you are running SPMA in conjunction with SunNet Manager or in a stand-alone mode, no graphing capabilities are available, and no graph-related options will appear.

4-20 SMT/MAC Conﬁguration

Conﬁguring the SMT Connection Policy

The SMT Connection Policy of an FDDI concentrator determines which types of connections are allowed among the four FDDI port types: A, B, M (Master), and S (Slave). FDDI protocol forbids Master—>Master connections; all other connection types are legal, although some are considered to be undesirable.

To open the SMT Connection Policy window:

from the Hub View:

1. Click either mouse button on any Module Index or Module Type text box to

display the Module Menu (remember, this menu is the same for all application display modes).

2. Drag down to FDDI Utilities, then across to select SMT Connection Policy.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

spmarun fddicpol <IP Address> <community name>

FDDI Management

NOTES

If you wish to conﬁgure the connection policy, be sure to use a community name with at least Read/Write access. If you only wish to view the policy, a community name with Read access will be sufﬁcient.

Conﬁguring the SMT Connection Policy 4-21

FDDI Management

Figure 4-10. SMT Connection Policy Window

FDDI Connection Rules

By default, all connections are allowed except the illegal M—>M connection; the following table summarizes the FDDI connection rules:

A B S M

V — valid connection X — illegal connection U — undesirable (but legal) connection T — connection can lead to a twisted ring conﬁguration DH — when both A and B are connected to M ports, a dual-homing conﬁguration

results. See the following page for more information on dual homing.

Table 4-1. FDDI Connection Rules

ABSM

V, U (T) V V, U V, DH

V V, U (T) V, U V, DH

V, U V, U V V

V, DH V, DH V X

Though technically legal under FDDI connection rules, the undesirable A—>S and

CAUTION

4-22 Conﬁguring the SMT Connection Policy

B—>S connections will deprive your device of the redundancy protection built in to the FDDI dual-ring conﬁguration. The SMT entity is notiﬁed each time an undesirable connection is made, even when that connection is allowed.

Each interface controls only its own connection policy; however, when two interfaces attempt to connect, their combined connection policies dictate the connections that will be allowed, with the most lenient policy prevailing — in other words, all connections (except for the illegal M—>M connection) are allowed unless forbidden by both connecting nodes. For example, if you disallow the A—>M connection on one node, but attempt to make that connection with another node which does not forbid it, the connection will be allowed.

Special Ring Conﬁgurations

You can use the SMT Connection Policy window to allow or prevent the following ring conﬁgurations:

Dual Homing

Dual homing is a method of conﬁguring concentrators with a redundant topology that provides a backup data path to protect critical devices from losing contact with the main ring; dual homing also achieves a kind of separation from the main ring that makes it easy to bring a critical device down for maintenance without causing widespread ring failure.

FDDI Management

To achieve a dual homing conﬁguration, connect the A port of your critical device to an M port on one dual-attached concentrator (DAC), and connect the B port of the same device to an M port on another DAC. SMT will automatically make the B—>M connection active and place the A—>M connection in stand-by; the A—>M connection will only become active if the B—>M connection should fail. (Once the B—>M connection is restored, it is automatically re-activated, and the A—>M connection goes back into standby mode.) Dual homing will not be permitted if either the A—>M or B—>M connections have been disallowed for all involved nodes.

Twisted Ring

When an FDDI ring is in a twisted conﬁguration, at least one station is supporting both an A—>A connection and a B—>B connection; in this conﬁguration, the station with the A—>A and B—>B connections is actually residing on the secondary FDDI ring, and is therefore isolated from the stations on the primary ring. A wrap condition on a twisted ring will bring the isolated station back into contact with any stations still connected to the primary ring. You can prevent a twisted ring conﬁguration by disallowing the A—>A and/or the B—>B connections for all nodes.

Deﬁning Your Connection Policy

To conﬁgure the connection policy for the selected interface:

1. To disallow any connection types, click mouse button 1 on the appropriate

selection box or boxes; to allow connections which have been previously disallowed (except for the illegal M—>M connection), click on the selection box again.

Conﬁguring the SMT Connection Policy 4-23

FDDI Management

2. In the Scope ﬁeld, click on the selection button to select the front panel interface (FP) or SMT entity for which y ou wish to conﬁgure connection policy. (Remember, if you launch from the command line, front panel designations will not appear, and each interf ace will be indexed by SMT only.) Changes will only be applied to those ports associated with the front panel interface or SMT entity which is listed in the Scope ﬁeld when is selected.

3. Click on to put your policy into effect.

4. To make changes to the connection policy for additional front panel interfaces or SMT entities, change the selection in the Scope ﬁeld, reject or allow connections as desired, then click on again.

Viewing the Station List

Selecting the Station List option from the FDDI Utilities menu allows you to view a list that shows all the stations on the FDDI ring to which the selected interface is attached, along with some general information about each station.

To access the Station List window (Figure 4-11):

NOTES

from the Hub View:

1. Click either mouse button on any Module Index or Module Type text box to display the Module Menu (remember, this menu is the same for all application display modes).

2. Drag down to FDDI Utilities, then across to select Station List.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

spmarun fddislst <IP Address> <community name>

A community name with Read access is sufﬁcient to view the station list.

4-24 Viewing the Station List

FDDI Management

Figure 4-11. The Station List Window

Note that the information displayed in the Station List window is static once the window is opened; for updated information, click mouse button 1 on . Also, note the scroll bar located to the right of the list window; use it to view additional stations, if necessary. The total number of MAC entities (which may or may not equal the number of devices or stations) on the listed ring is displayed at the bottom of the window.

The Station List window provides the following information about each node residing on the same ring as the front panel interface or SMT entity selected in the Scope ﬁeld, beginning with the selected interface and traveling upstream. (Remember, if you launch the Station List application from the command line, no front panel designations will appear; each FDDI interface will be listed by its SMT index only.)

Entry

An index number assigned to each station in the ring. The front panel interface or SMT entity currently selected in the Scope ﬁeld is always assigned number one.

MAC Address

The MAC, or hardware, address of each station on the ring. You can display the MAC address in Canonical (FDDI) format or MSB (Ethernet) format by clicking mouse button 1 on , then dragging down to select the desired address mode. The Address Mode ﬁeld above the button displays the current setting; the default display mode is Canonical (FDDI).

Viewing the Station List 4-25

FDDI Management

Upstream MAC

Displays the hardware address of the node’s nearest upstream neighbor. Note that the addresses displayed in this ﬁeld also respond to any change in display mode from MSB to Canonical, or vice versa.

Vendor

Displays the name of the vendor that manufactured the device, as determined by the ﬁrst three bytes of the MAC address.

Node Class

Indicates the node type: either station or concentrator.

Topology

Indicates the node’s current MAC conﬁguration topology; possible states are:

Thru The ring is operating normally, with no cable breaks or

bad nodes directly upstream or downstream of the selected node: the primary path enters the A port and emerges from the B port, and is currently active; the secondary path enters the B port and emerges from the A port, and is not currently in use.

Wrapped The node is wrapped, due to a cable break, a bad station,

or management action; the secondary path has been wrapped into the primary path to restore the ring.

Isolated The node is isolated from the ring; a node in this state

will be the only one displaying in the station list.

A-A Twisted The ring is in a twisted conﬁguration, because the node’s

A port has been connected to another A; by necessity, somewhere on the ring a B port is connected to another B, and a third station has both an A—>A and a B—>B connection. The ring can operate normally in a twisted condition, but the station with both an A—>A and B—>B connection is isolated from the primary ring and residing alone on the secondary ring.

A-A Twisted, Wrapped The ring is twisted due to an A—>A connection on this

node, as described above; the ring is also wrapped. Note that the wrap condition brings the node with both the A—>A and B—>B connection back into contact with the rest of the stations on the ring, since the secondary ring has become part of the primary ring.

B-B Twisted The ring is in a twisted conﬁguration, because the node’s

B port has been connected to another B; again, by necessity, somewhere on the ring an A port has been connected to another A, and a third station has both and A—>A and a B—>B connection. The ring can operate

4-26 Viewing the Station List

FDDI Management

normally in a twisted condition, but the station with both an A—>A and B—>B connection is isolated from the primary ring and residing alone on the secondary ring.

B-B Twisted, Wrapped The ring is twisted due to the node’s B—>B connection,

as above; in addition, the ring is wrapped, bringing any node isolated by the twist back into contact with the stations on the main ring.

Unknown SPMA is unable to determine the node’s topology state.

Viewing the Station List 4-27

FDDI Management

4-28 Viewing the Station List

Chapter 5

ATM Conﬁguration

Conﬁguring Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs); adding and deleting connection entries

The ATM interface available via the 7A06-01 NIM module provides the connectivity that allows you to merge ATM network segments with traditional LAN technologies via the SmartSwitch chassis backplane. Current versions of 7A06-01 ﬁrmware use 802.3 VC-based multiplexing for bridging protocols to move PVC trafﬁc between the ATM front panel connection and the SmartSwitch backplane; future versions will add support for ATM Forum LAN Emulation and Cabletron’s SecureFast switching.

An ATM network uses two types of virtual channels, or circuits: Switched Virtual Circuits, or SVCs, and Permanent Virtual Circuits, or PVCs. SVCs are created and dismantled dynamically on an as-needed basis, and require no management deﬁnition; PVCs, however, must be manually conﬁgured. The AToM MIB window provides the means for accomplishing these conﬁgurations.

Accessing the AToM MIB Window

To access the AToM MIB window

from the Hub View:

1. Click either mouse button on any Module Index or Module Type text box to

display the Module Menu (remember, this menu is the same for all application display modes).

2. Drag down to ATM, and release.

from the command line (stand-alone mode):

1. From the appropriate directory type:

spmarun atmcfg <IP Address> <community name>

5-1

ATM Conﬁguration

NOTES

If you wish to conﬁgure or delete any PVCs from the ATom MIB window, be sure to use a community name with at least Read/Write access. If you only wish to view conﬁgured PVCs, a community name with Read access will be sufﬁcient.

Figure 5-1. The AToM MIB Window

The AToM MIB window provides the following information about the ATM connections conﬁgured for any installed 7A06-01 interfaces:

Each 7A06-01 NIM provides two ATM interfaces; these are intended to serve as

TIP

redundant interfaces, and only one may be active at a time. However, any change in the active interface will be transparent to the ATM application and requires no additional conﬁguration; both interfaces share an IF index and all ATM conﬁguration settings.

Max

Displays the maximum number of connections (both SVCs and PVCs) allowed by current device ﬁrmware.

Conﬁgured

Displays the number of connections (both SVCs and PVCs) currently conﬁgured.

5-2 Accessing the AToM MIB Window

ATM Conﬁguration

The remainder of the window contains a list box which displays the following information about each of the currently conﬁgured PVCs; use the scroll bar to the right of the list to view additional connections, if necessary:

Interface

The device interface on which the PVC was conﬁgured. Index numbers are assigned in an XXXXYY format, where X = slot index times 10,000, and Y = port index; note that the redundant interfaces on each 7A06-01 NIM share a single IF index, and changes in the active interface will be transparent to this window.

VPI

Displays the Virtual Path Identiﬁer assigned to the connection; current versions of 7A06-01 ﬁrmware allow values from 0–3. Virtual Path Identiﬁers are used to group virtual connections, allowing for channel trunking between ATM switches. Each VPI can be conﬁgured to carry many different channels (designated by VCIs) between two points.

VCI

Displays the Virtual Channel Identiﬁer assigned to the connection; allowable values are 0–1023 for each VPI. Each assigned VCI must be unique within its deﬁned VPI: for example, you can assign a VCI of 14 as many as four times: once with a VPI of 0, once with a VPI of 1, and so on. Remember, it is the combined VPI and VCI designations assigned to a channel that creates the grouping of virtual connections.

AAL Type

This ﬁeld indicates which AAL protocol type is currently in use on the Virtual Channel Circuit (VCC). An instance of this object only exists when the local VCL end-point is also the VCC end-point, and the ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) is in use. The ATM Adaptation Layer maps user, control, and management data into or out of the information ﬁeld of ATM cells of a virtual connection. The possible Protocol Type Values are:

• 1 (AAL1) — this protocol is used in Constant Bit Rate (CBR) services, which

require information to be transferred at a constant rate after the virtual connection has been established.

• 34 (AAL3/4) — the protocol used for connectionless or connection-oriented

transfer of data which may be sensitive to loss but not to delay.

• 5 (AAL5) — the protocol used for connection-oriented data transfer that

requires better error detection than available with AAL 3/4. (Note, however, that the AAL5 protocol itself does not support multiplexing.)

• other — which may indicate a user-deﬁned AAL type.

• unknown — which indicates that the AAL type cannot be determined.

Accessing the AToM MIB Window 5-3

ATM Conﬁguration

Encaps

Displays the method used to encapsulate LAN packets on the selected circuit. Current versions of 7A06-01 ﬁrmware use 802.3 VC-based multiplexing for bridging protocols (designated 802.3); future versions will add support for ATM Forum LAN Emulation and Cabletron’s SecureFast Switching.

Status

Displays the current administrative status of the connection: Up (enabled) or Down (disabled). In current versions of ﬁrmware, all connections are enabled by default, and cannot be disabled.

Uptime

The length of time the selected connection has been enabled. This ﬁeld is not currently supported by ﬁrmware, and will display only a value of 0.

Selecting the Add button launches the Create Channel window, which allows you to conﬁgure additional PVCs.

Selecting the Delete button deletes the selected connection.

Selecting Update refreshes the connection information displayed in the list box.

Conﬁguring Connections

To conﬁgure new Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs):

1. From the AToM Mib window, click to select . The Create Channel window, Figure 5-2, will appear.

Figure 5-2. The ATM Create Channel Window

2. The Interface te xt bo x will by def ault displa y the inde x number assigned to the active ATM front panel interface whose connection was selected in the AToM MIB window. If you have more than one 7A06-01 installed in your

5-4 Conﬁguring Connections

Cabletron Systems 7C03, 7C04-R, 7C04 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Notice

Contents

Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide

Conventions

Screen Displays

Using the Mouse

Getting Help

7C0x SmartSwitch Firmware

Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View

Using the Hub View

Navigating Through the Hub View

Hub View Front Panel

Using the Mouse in a Hub View Module

Monitoring Hub Performance

Selecting the Application Display Mode

COM Port and FDDI Front Panel Displays

FDDI Port Display Forms

FDDI Color Codes

The Switch Application Display

Switch Port Display Forms

Switch Port Color Codes

The Bridge Application Display

Bridge Port Display Forms

Bridge Port Color Codes

The Interface Application Display

Interface Port Display Forms

Interface Port Color Codes

Viewing the Interface List

Viewing Switch Status

Viewing the Source Address List

Managing the Hub

Launching SPMA Tools from the Hub View

Module Utilities

MIB I, II

Find MAC Address

Accessing FDDI Management

Accessing ATM Management

Accessing Bridge Management

Setting the Polling Intervals

Setting the Desired Operational Mode

Enabling and Disabling Bridge Ports

About Basic Alarms

Launching the Basic Alarm Application

Viewing Alarm Status

How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work

Disabling an Alarm

Viewing an Alarm Log

FDDI Management

Enabling or Disabling FDDI Ports

Charts, Graphs, and Meters

Viewing the FDDI Port Chart

Changing the Measurement of Data

Viewing FDDI Port Meters

Viewing FDDI Port Graphs

Charts, Graphs, and Meters

Viewing the FDDI MAC Chart

Changing the Measurement of Data

Viewing FDDI MAC Meters

Viewing FDDI MAC Graphs

FDDI Connection Rules

Viewing the Station List

Accessing the AToM MIB Window