United
States
Bush
Patent
(19)
11)
45)
4,423,423
Dec.
27,
1983
BROAD
54
ANTENNA
Inventor:
75
73)
Assignee:
Appl.
(21)
Filed:
22)
Continuation-in-part
63)
abandoned.
Int.
51
U.S.
52
Field
58
56)
2,258,407
BANDWDTH
Elmer
R.
Bush,
L.
Barker
Pa.
No.:
298,140
Aug.
Related
Cl................................................
C.
.....................................
of
Search
References
U.S.
PATENT
10/1941
&
31,
1981
U.S.
Application
of
Ser.
...............
DOCUMENTS
Carter
.................................
FOLDED
Williamson,
DPOLE
Bethlehem,
Pa.
Inc.,
Bristol,
Data
No.
185,451,
Sep.
9,
1980,
H01O
9/26
343/803;
343/803,
Cited
34.3/822
804, 886,
821,
34.3/822
343/803
2,283,938
500162
Primary
Attorney,
Goldhammer
57
A
folded
sion
reception
frequency
over an
taining
tially
linear
1
for
each
width.
shortened
entire
operational
5/1942
FOREIGN
2/1939
Examiner-E.
Agent,
or
dipole
antenna
of
generator
entire
extremely
an
effective
visual
frequency
The
antenna
overall
7
Claims,
McKesson
PATENT
United
..........................
DOCUMENTS
Kingdom................
Lieberman
Firm-Seidel,
ABSTRACT
system
radio
frequency
capable
broadbandwidth
radiated
standing
over
system
length
Gonda
for
use
energy
of
continuous
power
factor
wave
ratio
the
entire
operational
exhibits
which
is
proportional
&
in
and a substan
of
a
bandwidth.
13
Drawing
Figures
343/803
343/739
the
transmis
by a radio
operation
while
main
less
than 2 to
band
substantially
to
the
U.S.
Patent
Dec.
27,
1983
Sheet
1
of
4
4,423,423
/6
/2
75
MATEAS
/27
/4
A/6.
(AA/OA.
/
AAP7)
38
MAW2
/3
A/6.2
(AA/OA.
AA7)
U.S. Patent
Dec.
27,
1983
Sheet
2
of
4
4,423,423
al
a
t
U.S.
Patent
MSWAp
3O
Dec.
27,
A/G/O
1983
Sheet
3
of
4
4,423,423
7
8
MSWAp
O
4.O
3.O
2O
3.5 4 5
9
/O
/2
6 7 8 9 /O
/4
/6
/3 2.O
/2
fa.
16
/3
A/G//
22
20
24
26
AAAQ/AWOY
22
24,
26
AAAOL/AWCY
269
3O
28 3O
1.
BROAD
This
185,451
BACKGROUND
The
was
developed
ing
antenna
broad
bandwidth
MHz)
and
a
shorter
Most
tion
purposes
frequencies
devices.
are
usually
mitter
and
match
quirement,
be
capable
instances,
able
is
antennas
localities,
can
be
the
user
operate
In
the
alleviate
The
use
what
poor
communications
typical
requires
quencies.
point
of
conditions,
possible
will
work
The
receive
cies
selected
creating
the
entire
would
quency
receive
points
limited
cause
of
The
trap-type
over
its
Antenna
trap-type
verse
environmental
traps
will
ity
and
trap-type
tion
on
tory
will,
change
The
frequency
an
antenna
capable
characteristics.
BANOWIOTH
ANTENNA
is a continuation-in-part
filed
Sept.
9,
1980,
folded
dipole
antenna
to
overcome
systems.
can
antenna
present
desire
without having
Most
placed
the
the
desired
or
rather
of
fitting
such
quite
short
of
extreme
e.g.
changed
virtually
his
communications
past,
some
of
the
trap
to
unsatisfactory
to
this
a
preassembled
However,
installation,
surrounding
to
preassemble
effectively
trap-type
and
transmit
by
artificial
length
look
either
generator.
over
certain
along
the
the
user
the
narrow
entire
tuning
antennas
vary
other
antenna
certain
even
considerably
tuning
of
bringing
This
in
the
maintain
span.
day
users
an
antennas
between
antenna
broadcast
a
problem,
into
as
rooftop
and
will
overall
foreign
without
in a position
trap
dipole
of
the
above
dipole
systems
type
of
due
i.e.
in
antennas
over
the
user.
antenna
of
the
shorter
This
frequency
to
only
bandwidths
antenna
frequency
devices
to
conditions.
in
frequency
environmental
which
frequencies
though
once
changes
device
the
FOLDED
of
now
abandoned.
OF
THE
of
certain
antenna
high
frequency
effective
of
antennas
antenna
to
to
to
resort
require
tuning
the
radio
properly
DIPOLE
application
INVENTION
the
present
deficiencies
has
an
ranges
radiated
for
operate
to
antenna
devices
frequency
tune
the
frequency.
is
that
the
space
installations,
not
length.
countries,
prior
the
available.
the
be
able to
accommodate
Further,
frequency
notice.
where
This
he
can
facility.
antennas
antennas
operating
because
antenna.
antenna
to
height
objects,
an
antenna
all
desired
were
certain
This
electrical
antenna
or longer
enabled
frequencies
those
was
have
conditions
and
has
resulted
conditions
of
narrow
In
many
for
differing
above
designed
cases
use
on
conditions
ground,
etc.,
it
is
in a factory
locations.
to
designated
was
accomplished
lengths
so
that
to
the
the
user
to
located
spectrum.
specific
not
However,
frequencies
of
this
type
capable
range.
have
also
attain
due
has
and
tuned
it
will
then
which
antenna
been
certain
frequencies
This
is
to
temperature,
conditions.
been
designed
preassembled
for
specific
is
installed
at
necessitate
may
or
back
to
4,423,423
The
Ser.
No. 5 bandwidth
invention
in
exist
extremely
(1.8-30
power
using
communica
on
multiple
tuning
which
trans
antenna
Another
antenna
been
of
used
Therefore,
must
In
many
space
avail
in
various
allocations
would
no
longer
used
problems.
in
some
of
bandwidths
the
user
certain
fre
at
ground
not
always
which
be
able to
frequen
shorter
than
the
antenna
radio
fre
transmit
at
selected
this
antenna.
operating
to
assist
in
because
humid
for
opera
in a fac
frequencies,
its
location.
the
use
may
not
the
desired
eliminate
tion
exhibits
which
taining
tially
O
quency
range
the
antenna
The
comprises
15
back
ends of
oppose
gether
conducting
20
to
remaining
re
means
which
then
tinuous
25
ing a
less
than
put
to
In
wave
These
30
rounding
lic
objects,
considerably
the
ground
Whether
35
conditions
ground
table
the
and
along
voltage
can
be
the
legs
reducing
with
wave
45
by
ing
the
An
antenna
tremely
or
be
A
50
an
antenna
the
voltage
the
voltage
entire
55
usable
Another
broadband
ad
the
a
frequency
tially
similar
60
a
Other
BRIEF
For
shown
of
65
be
ferred;
is
not
mentalities
over
capable
substantially
certain
is
those
further
2
SUMMARY
present
the
above
folded
an
will
overcome
an
effective
linear
voltage
range
will
depend
elements.
folded
two
itself
these
folded
each
other. A load balancing
one
set
wires. A load
set
to a radio
is
of a substantially
of
frequency,
2:1
over
unusual
ratio
may
conditions
objects,
etc.,
depending
in
the
the
where
level
many
feet
with
standing
corrected
of
each
the
affected
ratio
more
usable
object
of
which
broad
object
which
standing
standing
bandwidth
for
transmission
object
antenna,
range
shorter
overall
frequencies.
objects
DESCRIPTION
the
purpose
in
the
it
being
limited
shown.
OF
THE
INVENTION
invention
extremely
of
dipole
conducting
of
was
designed
problems
dipole
radiated
1.8
to
upon
in a spaced
wires
these
and
conditions.
antenna
broad
continuous
the
above
problems
power
standing
30
antenna
wave
MHz.
The
the length
of
the
wires
with
parallel
are
arranged
opposing ends of
matching
of
opposing
frequency
ends
through
generator.
shortened
operating
be
immediate
antenna
or
in
surrounding
wave
by
voltage
closely
frequency
the
is
continuous
has
so
will
drawings a
understood,
to
the
over
an
e.g.
1.8
to
30
linear
voltage
the
entire
conditions
MHz,
standing
bandwidth.
a
high
encountered
include
such
and
the
below
but
are
as
buildings,
ground
is
water
desert
conditions
upon
the
vicinity
installed
table
conditions
the
surface
objects
ratio
on
connecting
of
the folded
standing
frequencies
some
tuning
conducting
wave
to a voltage
approaching
range.
present
capable
invention
of
operating
frequency
of
the
present
built-in
wave
wave
as
of
the
which
of
appear
of
tuning
ratio
at
ratio
of
to
make
and
1.8
length
that
reception.
present
invention
is
capable
to
30
MHz,
than
hereinafter.
OF
THE DRAWINGS
illustrating
the
form
which
however,
precise
arrangements
and
developed
The
of
the
present
bandwidth
while
factor
and a substan
ratio
over a fre
specific
and
frequency
arrangement
present
each
wire
relationship.
so
that
means
the
means
connects
the
The
overall
extremely
broad
while
wave
voltage
on
some
frequencies.
not
limited
power
lines,
which
water
content
of
the
in
jungle
or
is
at
or
just
where
affects
the
will
cause a high
frequencies.
means
ratio
associated
to
broad
inven
main
of
invention
folded
The
like
ends
joins
to
folded
the
matching
antenna
length
is
con
maintain
ratio
of
standing
to
sur
metal
vary
of
the
antenna.
swamp
below
the
water
antenna
This
between
wires
for
standing
unity
thus
increas
is
to design
over
an
ex
an
range.
invention
certain
the
antennas
is
to
design
means
for
reducing
frequencies
antenna
specific
frequency
is
to
of
operating
having a substan
operable
invention,
is
presently
that
this
and
to
over
the
design
a
over
on
there
is
pre
invention
instru
3
FIG. 1 is a side
as
presently
center
connector
FIG. 2 is a graphical
standing
wave
over a frequency
FIG. 3 is a side elevational
present
tion.
present
present
tion.
invention
FIG. 4 is a side
invention
FIG. 5 is a side
invention
FIG. 6 is
embodiment
FIG. 7 is a cut
means
of
structure
...
FIG. 8 is a schematic
circuit
invention.
the
and
of
the
FIG. 9 is a partially
balancing
internal
FIG.
standing
the
inch
FIG.
standing
the
inch
FIG.
second
FIG.
standing
means
structure
10
wave
present
spreaders
11
wave
present
spreaders
12
embodiment
13
wave
the present invention
inch
spreaders
frequency
DETAILED
The
present invention
to
the
elements.
prior
MHz.
antenna
Two
antenna
to
only
antenna
antenna
between
correspond
quency,
antenna
ened
drawings
Referring
art
127
dipole
feet
for
The
to
end
insulators
leg
support
100
to
responsive
was
the
i.e.,
could
legs
of
correspond
the
leg
creases
This
standing
cies
bandwidth
and
from
decrease
wave
across
elevational
existing
showing a trap
feed
view
point.
representation
ratio
curve
range
disposed
elevational
disposed
elevational
disposed
an
enlarged
of
the
present
away
present
connecting
antenna
for
of
3.6
view
in a horizontal
view
in a sloping
view
in
an
side
invention.
view
of
invention
means.
illustration
matching
cutaway
of
the
present
and
the
is a graphical
ratio
invention
over
is a graphical
ratio
invention
connecting
representation
curve
for a folded
having a length
a frequency range of
representation
curve
for a folded
having a length
over a frequency
is
an
enlarged
is a graphical
ratio
side elevational
of
the
present
representation
curve
of a folded
having a length
tapering
range
of
antenna
use
with a frequency
antenna
transmit
and
insulate
it.
Prior
500
KHz.
introduced.
connection
to a wave
, , ,
receive
its
entire
to a given
the
frequency
100
KHz
in
bandwidth
ratio
the
selected
the
voltage
to
1.8-22
DESCRIPTION
INVENTION
wherein
to
10 has
and
16,
dipole
to
etc.
18
MHz.
is
best
like
FIGS. 1 and 2 there
10
having
two
receive
18
serve
the
antenna
antennas
In
order
multiple
to
The
at
its
center
length
division
In
this
manner a single
multiple
length.
frequency
increase,
to
approximately
corresponds
(VSWR)
being
band.
standing
4,423,423
of a dipole
on
either
of a typical
the
antenna
to
3.8
MHz.
of
the
antenna
side
of
the
visual
of
FIG. 1 5
antenna
of
the
configura-
of
the
antenna
of
configuration.
of
the
antenna
inverted
elevational
the
antenna
showing
of
means
of
view
of
invention
of
the
V
configura
view
of
one
matching
the
internal
the
electrical
the
present
the
antenna
showing
means.
of
the
visual
dipole
antenna
of
50
feet
with
7-30
MHz.
of
the
visual
dipole
antenna
of
90
feet
range of
with
3.5-30
MHz.
view of
invention.
of
the
visual
dipole
antenna
of
185
feet
inch
spreaders
OF
understood
numerals
an
overall
of
approximately
traps
12,
14
multiple
as a terminus
from
had
get a broadbandwidth
frequencies
length
of
and
of
with
over
THE
by
referring
indicate
like
is
shown
length
to
enable
frequencies.
of
each
the
lines
bandwidths
a
the
the
the
used
trap
dipole 55
antenna
trap
would
actual
fre
length
frequencies
Each
of
but,
the
linear
Outside
wave
on
short-
these
legs
as the
will
length
bandwidth
25
KHz
or
to
for
of
the
ratio
less.
the
voltage
frequen
25
KHZ
increases
parabolically
to
wave
for
noted
transmission
.
ratio
quency
the
O
away
frequency.
performance
longer
the
5
MHz.
become
wave
tice, a voltage
renders
sion
mounting
present
the
present
25
between
antenna
of
vertical
18
mounted
FIG.
30
raised
of
center
18
ends
be
a
the
35
only
The
rangements,
of
or a V-type
36
a
tion,
40
above
the
operable.
upon
configuration
45
a
of
of
3.7
generally
configuration.
the
de
wires
50
a
supported
of
ductive
distance
wires
36-42
which
wires.
of
affixed
60
equivalent
two
of
of
means
conducting
65
ends
through
nected
Both
4.
away
from
one
extremely
The
graph
in
ratio
curve
frequencies
that
of
in
order
and
of a communication
should
from
be
most
The
ratio
approach
such a one
If
the
of
the
deemed
usable
frequencies
more
and
increases
standing
that
and
FIGS.
frequency
reception.
3, 4 and 5 are
arrangements
invention.
invention
two
vertical
20
in a sloping
poles
23, 24.
in
an
inverted
5,
where
the
approximately
point
is
attached
are
attached
construed
as a limitation
configurations
arrangements
antenna
20
e.g.,
configuration,
or
sloping
The
antenna
the
fully
the
at
20
ground.
extended
In
actuality,
space
available,
and
Referring
one
now
embodiment
as
30,
is
The
32,
34
spaced
each
parallel
by
spreaders
material
32,
by
are
The
to
so
of
approximately
34
are
held
the use
coiled
nonconducting
the
antenna
means
conducting
the
wires
44
wires
oppose
joins
together
wires
is
connected
which
to a radio
the
the
antenna
the
less
desirable.
FIG. 2 shows
for
the
trap
approximately
for a frequency
reception
ratio
satisfactory.
frequencies
more
FIG. 3 shows
disposed
to
shown
in
will
a
substantially
greater
is
As
antenna
the
to
of
shown
antenna
of
relationship.
as
or
known
32,
by
frequency
balancing
the
system's
a
one
to
one
exceeds
antenna
approaching
unusable
and
becomes
wave
virtually
presented
for
horizontally
poles
arrangement
The
V
configuration,
center
point
15
feet
to a vertical
vertical
of
in
which
function
or
or
preferably
stated
above,
will
the
the
desired
FIG.
6,
the
present
in a fully
which
is
36,
38,
to
maintain
18
in a fixed
of
nonconductive
twist-wrapped
securing
wires
by
in
32,
34
one
another.
one
34.
The
an
antenna
conducting
heat
response
the
dipole
3.7
voltage
antenna
to
one
ratio
a
relationship
at that
In
the
would
as
ratio
unusable
the
embodiments
the
21,
22.
antenna
of
higher
poles
the
present
FIGS.
the
antenna
effectively
vertical
sloping
lesser
installed
render
configuration
user's
radiation
an
antenna,
invention,
30
has
folded
These
40
and
the
inches.
manner
soldering
the
mechanical
are
disposed so
An
set
of
opposing
remaining
wires
generator
means
of a
1:1
ratio
voltage
antenna
MHz.
to
ratio.
the
frequency
graph
be
3.6
the
voltage
less
greater
to
antenna
FIG. 4 shows
between
20
the
than
pole
26, 27.
3, 4 and 5 are
standing
of
FIG.
It
should
be
be
usable
standing
for
The
less
closer
and
linear.
for
show
to
the
can
as
antenna
the
25
It
should
invention
will
in
for
wave
that
fre
farther
usable
the
of
3:1
the
will
no
of
FIG.
to
3.7
3.8
MHz
standing
In
prac
than
3:1
transmis
different
of
the
20 of
the
ground
the
similar
also
be
shown
in
20
The
and
the
is
ends.
not
that
the
operate.
other
ar
configuration,
in
the
other
direc
angles.
at
least
15
any
configuration
the
antenna
will
preference
feet
of
fully
depend
for
such
pattern.
representative
designated
extended
similar
back over
about
wires
antenna
matching
44
horizontal
conducting
wires
42
wires
The
to
itself
32,
34
are
of a noncon
at a spaced
conducting
the
spreaders
securing
or
wires
the
antenna
may
also
by
the
other
arts.
The
as
like
ends
balancing
ends
of
set
of
32,
34
(not
and
the
the
opposing
means
are
con
shown).
antenna
in
be
46
1
2
.
matching
after.
distal
48,50
antenna
be
of
etc.
average
Mounting
less
cal
zontal
have
entation
the
length
spreader
are
a
spreaders
same
with
conducting
end
legs
the
34
another.
any
keep
spaced
ers
ends
spreaders
distal
will
antenna.
example,
inches
30
receiving
would
the
the
present
range
length
antenna
lower
the
frequencies.
range
frequencies
in
frequencies.
for
mance
nas
structed
modate
ferred.
as
means
46
will
The
conducting
ends
by
are
in
30
to
any
available
the
antenna,
It
is
preferred
height
the
than
15
The
antenna
orientation
plane
the
antenna
as
shown
lines
52,
than
The
conducting
48,
coiled
manner
The
or
similar
48,
spaced
the
short
spreaders
of
the
conducting
spreaders
antenna
are
kept
While
points
along
the
legs
parallel
36
and
42
of
the
38
ends
of
vary
depending
If
50
and
22
has
an
overall
slightly
be 20
The
overall
desired
installation
invention
between
which
is
shortened
frequencies
effective
will
the
effective
the
antenna
over
of
shorter
and
special
For a different
between 7
wires
end
spreaders
turn
supported
its
vertical
means
e.g.
trees,
that
of
25
antenna
feet
with
at a height
has
been
30
while
may
also
relation
hang
in
54
the
FIG.
should
be
lower
legs 52b,
wires
50
by
nonconductive
twist-wrapped
to
that
50
hold
parallel
the
relationship
vertical
wires
held
in
48,
50
and
wires.
36–42
so
that
the
at
of
are
antenna
and
the
the
feet,
feet 5 inches
feet
length
frequency
site.
can
radiated
If
the
increase
may
An
the
legs
substantially
the
spreaders
the
length
the
conducting
relationship,
disposed
30.
40
are disposed
antenna
upon
overall
then
the
length
lower
and
41
of
range
An
for
use
3.5
and
vary
to a length
may
become
power
antenna
at
become
radiated
overall
since
that
desired
lengths,
made
to
respond
requirements,
continuous
and
30
MHz,
be
in
to
in
connecting
at
are
Further,
length
of
the
antenna
30
between
the
power
length
frequency
such
5
more
fully
discussed
32,
34
are
supported
48,
50.
The
by
lines
52,
supports.
the
vicinity
sides
of
the
antenna
40
feet
found
shown
be
installed
to
the
the
substantially
6,
the
one
to
32,34
are
about
described
conducting
54
These
of
buildings,
be
above
above
to
be
unacceptable.
in a substantially
entirely
ground.
upper
legs
two
inches
54b.
attached
securing
the
antenna
above.
wires
as
the
spreaders
legs
spaced
parallel
right
angles
to
placed
along
of
the
conducting
equal
distances
36–42
of
it
a
distance
30.
the
distances
respectively.
90
frequency,
feet
antenna
and
over a
MHz
may
the
antenna
wires
is
These
of
feet,
respectively.
32,
preferred
A
it
is
preferred
a
distance
preferred
overall
the
antenna
A, B are
so
as
to
the
is
dependent
the
space
in
accordance
continuous
will
have
50
and
less
than
unusable
of
the
is
lengthened,
lower
unusable
length
an
antenna
end
but,
due
to a similar
of
the
antenna
of
90
feet
gave
the
range.
as
65
feet,
satisfactorily
the
90
foot
frequency
antenna
herein
on
end
spreaders
to
secure
supports
the
installation
utility
installed
the
ground.
the
ground
in a hori
In
order
vertical
52a,
shorter
to
each
wires
wires
The
32,
34
of
each
relation
the
horizontal
the
length
wires
from
be
placed
30
so
34
in
that
spread
from
the
that
B
from
distances
length
30
10
If
the
antenna
be
capable
distances
available
with
frequency
an
overall
130
feet.
50
feet,
due
to a loss
for
the
frequency
the
for
was
selected
best
perfor
While
can
be
to
accom
length
range,
in
accordance
4,423,423
with
the
feet
in
their
overall
or lengthened
similarly
the
5
range
may
poles,
at
an
10
of
verti
will
power
over
range.
A
gives
the
range.
.
Returning
tenna
30,
shown
more
FIG.
7.
substantially
15
to
caps
ori
54a
of
in
end
20
which
in
end
in
the
36–42
25
of
the
to
the
58,
seal
by
any
by
threadedly
though
fiberglass
metal,
plastic
used
provided
with
such
64
extending
bolts
62,
direction
any
known
washers
inserts
and
attached
. . .
.
connection
of
30
The
32,
one
at
as to
35
equal
distal
the
the
of
the
is,
for
feet.8
of
45
A,
B
upon
at
the
50
If
the
the
55
in
those
higher
loss
60
those
anten
con
65
is
pre
such
other
nection
72
connection
dard
50
ohm
70.
The
suitable
nection
or
other
connector,
to either
directly
connector
mechanical
washers
Disposed
of
the
antenna
The
coils
ship
along
glass
casing
62,
64
and
lead
or
signal
through
76
through
adjacent
the
coils
wound
around
traceable
These
wires
ing
mounting
shield
of
72,
which
coaxial
cable
tion,
wire
the
coaxial
around
coil
tor
of
coaxial
76
wire
coaxial
connections
in
desired surface
tachment
cable
the
mechanical
6
present
invention
length.
beyond
to
the
90
narrow due
the
frequencies
length
of
50
best
performance
. . . . . .
to the
the
antenna
clearly
The
antenna
tube-like
60
secured
means
known
securing, press
is
or
materials
a
weathertight
material.
through
64
are
axially
and
insulatively
mechanical
and
nuts
insulated
washers.
to
the
eyebolts
to
the
antenna
end
cap
through
72
is a fixed
coaxial
end
of
an
to a radio
72
is
secured
means
and
nuts
or
laterally
matching
74,76
are
the
longitudinal
56
and
the
coaxial
wire
the
to
74,
back
the
can
75,
cable
77,
or
of
connector
wires
71,
the
coaxial
76 a predetermined
the
coil
to
the
75,
77
are
of
the
cable
68.
be
traced
68,
is
connected
which
68
76
which
cable
which
can
68,
is
can
be
made
arts
or
to
by
clamping,
will
vary
If
the
antennais
the
stated
range,
foot
antenna
to,
feet
description
or
in
an
matching
fiberglass
to
the casing
the
preferred
The
end
its
outer
aligned
means
The
62,
60
is
the
center
in
loss
of
at
the
is
preferred
over
the
of
load
matching
enlarged
means
casing
to
in
the
mechanical
fitting,
material for
of
similar
seal
can
cap
58
circumference.
along
secured
to
such
from
the
conducting
64
respectively
30.
provided
of
its
connection
cable
68
surrounded
the
coaxial
such
intermediate
frequency
to
such
rivets.
to
the
disposed
connected
cable
as a PL259
cable
generator.
the
end
cap
as
by
using
tube-like
means
46
in
spaced
axis
of
by
wires
connector
the
coaxial
72,
73
connector
74,
shield
also
coaxial
At
back
can
be
is
connected
can
68.
Further,
be
connected
using
such
metal
cable
is
connected
beginning
72
number
76
are
wires
of
the
connected
connector
the
distal
to
the
to
the
traced
back
to
be
traced
etc.
the
traced
at
the
back
to
the
any
as
soldering
lugs
provided
The
between
that
effective
extreme
desired
the
cutaway
30
and
70
either
shortened
it
will
respond
the
frequency
radiated
ends
of
since
the
that
length
frequency
elements
46
56
of
an
means
46
view
is
housed
in
having
end
in
is
a
form a weathertight
arts
such
glueing,
casing
hardness
be
accomplished
has
two
eyebolts
their
lengthwise
the
end
cap
as
by
using
cap
58
by
wires
32,
to
with a cable
flat
side.
for
The
receiving
by
strain
68
is
fitted
connector,
of
the
same
The
60
by
any
bolts
with
fiberglass
are
two
coils
parallel
the
tube-like
to
the
72.
The
conducting
68
as
connected
to
both
at
the
ends
and
wound
of
turns.
75,
77
which
coaxial
to
the
noninsulat
72
and
end
eyebolt
back
means
two
thus to
of
coil
conductor
62.
to
the
wire
73
to
the
distal
end
to
the
eyebolt-64.
known
either
for
coils
74,
as
etc.
Al
56,
may
be
62,
The
eye
58
by
lock
plastic
34
are
provide
. . .
.
con
cable
a stan
relief
with
a
for
con
type
coaxial
known
lock
casing
56
74,76.
relation
fiber
eyebolts
coils
74,
more
around
Also
are
cable
68.
the
74
wire
of
the
In
addi
shield
of
wrapped
conduc
of
coil
shield
of
These
perse
to
the
such
at
76
are
7
wound a predetermined
ratio
of
the
other
between
generator
schematic
46
is
tion
of
the
The
means
that
transformer
electrical
anced
types
sizes
used
kilowatt
tennas.
stick-type
of a
tion
tion
baluns,
the
antenna
the
present
The
the
antenna
balanced
feedline
means
antenna,
the
coaxial
to
another
The
shown
is
preferably
matching
tenna
resistive
resistors
The
of
the
axially
to eyebolts
ends
insulatively
cal
rings
ends of
inductive
cal
means
soldering
eyebolts,
The
a
single
pendent
tenna.
the
antenna
78
must
should
through
from
that
resistive
windings
coil.
This
ratio
the
output
and
the
of
the
circuit
shown
in
points
antenna
46
the
of
and
in
modified
should
of
FIG.
are
numbered
matching
above
description
is
that
of
antenna
electrical
balun
matching
or
balun
system
to
system
transformers
shapes
from
television
units
used
The
balun
balun
commonly
stick-type
not
the
such
be
antenna
as a
core-type
matching
invention
antenna
matching
system
antenna
such
as
46
cable
between
specifically
line
to
transport
without
antenna
in
30
or
an
enlarged
a
non-inductive
the
load
of
the
present
network
or a single
resistor
78
is
antenna
aligned
of
the
disposed
matching
along
62,
64
tubular
mounted
means
known
secured
by
the
lock
eyebolts
resistive
known
in
the
resistor
etc.
non-inductive
wire
wound
upon
the
This
impedence
to
function
also
have a power
be
at
least
the
antenna
the
radio
frequency
the
environment
network
number
of
one
provides
impedance
load
impedance
of
the
8.
The
to
means
the
preferred
of
coil
to
the
the
necessary
of
the
of
antenna
wiring
and
correspond
46
described
of
the
type.
means 46
which
converts
an
unbalanced
to a balanced
the
midget
receiving
with
commercial
described
available.
balun
considered
to
this
balun,
means
with
similar
means
of
the
present
system
the
from
68.
Placing
coaxial
at
the
antenna
radio
becoming
load
balancing
partially
of
the
two
invention.
may
be
constructed
wire
wound
within the
means
their
lengthwise
and
extend
casing
80.
to
the casing
in
the
art
washers
82,
84
network
the
art
leads
to
resistive
resistor
selected
must
properly.
dissipation
one
quarter
matching
generator.
not
78
affect
the
casing
system or
have
been
"ladder'
antennas
above
in
describing
as
limiting
particular
may
46
in
the
results.
or
balun
invention
an
unbalanced
the
cable
68
connection,
energy
part
of
means
cutaway
resistive
halves
This
resistor
44.
Eyebolts
through
The
80
such
as
and
are
connected
78,
again,
such
as
by
metal
network
having
frequency
be
totally
The
of
the
means
the
80
proof.
4,423,423
turns
to
create
windings
balancing
radio
frequency
the
antenna.
matching
external
to
the
antenna
above.
matching
It
should
is a special
either
a balanced
an
system.
designed
transformer
to
giant
broadcasting
is a variation
However,
the
the
construc
structure.
be
substituted
antenna
system
46
is
to create
antenna
the
matching
and
the
from
one
antenna
44
view
in
network
of
the
dipole
non-inductive
of a plurality
78
can
tubular
casing
82,
direction
the
center
eyebolts
by
any
82,
mechani
plastic
nuts.
The
to
by any
mechani
direct
soldering,
lugs
secured
78
is
preferably
an
impedance
range
of
non-inductive
resistive
capability
power
transferred
46
to
the
Of
course,
operation
should
be
a
on
the
30.
A
means
connec
elements
10
be
noted
type
of
unbal
15
These
in
all
multi
an
20
of a
the
use
inven
Other
25
for
of
used
in
a
coaxial
balanced
30
permits
place
35
itself.
which
is
FIG.
9,
for
an
40
of
be
used.
80
84
are
45
similar
of
the
84
are
insulator
50
internal
the
non
to
the
55
de
the
an
for
network
which
antenna
in
weather
65
order
of
the
The
antenna
to
give
the
retaining
that a load
work
satisfactorily
range
of
and
130
because
decreasing
with each
output
impedance
most
often
76
of
the
antenna
well
with a
for
bandwidths
as
1.8
MHz,
bandwidths,
ohms
may
standing
ting
transmission
width.
With
tenna
balancing
the
antenna
antenna
Referring
shows
the
sured
at
clearly
between
linear
and
dipole
antenna
present
capable
quency
If,
for
7
MHz
able
due
ground
added
to the
means
86,
outward
mately
quency.
perpendicular
of
the
folded
may
be
in
the
art
tion
of
the
folded
dipole
antenna
the
tuning
antenna
will
occur
by
M,
M',
in
the
antenna
the
tuning
placed
so
180°
phase
ing
stubs
a
modified
nal
to a fixed
44
with each
relationship
means
44
absorbs
react
with
the
phase
balancing
antenna
its
impedance
3.5-30
feet. A load
it
increases
the
frequency
50
antenna
load
frequency
be
wave
will
voltage
its
shorter
broad
overall length.
in
the
with
an
MHz
and
impedance
the
bandwidth
voltage
ohms,
standing
in
the
of
the
the
ratio
matching
impedance
range
which
and
other
preferred
ratio
the
matching
vary
now
include
for
other
impedances
in
for
those
and
reception
use
of a smaller
means
44,
means
to
reflect
to
FIGS.
standing
the designated frequency.
show
that
for a continuous
3.5
or 7 and
never
invention
of
transmitting
in
its
example,
in a location
to
power
conditions,
88
from
17
to
These
accomplished
such
tuning
tuned
stubs
conducting
at
and
30
MHz
exceeds a ratio
system
of
exhibits
extremely
antenna
are
the
20
inches
tuning
manner
conducting
as
antenna
to
certain
and
broad
a
user
sought
which
lines,
antenna
structure.
actually
feed
point
depending
stubs
between
by
any
by
clamping,
stubs
86,
30
frequencies.
changes
wires
the
midpoint
reflected
uncancelled
balancing
stubs
86,
88
is
very
that
the
current
difference
86,
88
also
complementary
impedance
wire
to
the
establishes
the
unradiated
the
antenna
of
the
signal
at
at
the
act
to
in
32,
34
tuning
a
fixed
power.
balancing
and
8
or
load
impedance
band
characteristics
It
range
of
antenna
an
overall
3.5-30
radio
means
of
600
of
100-900
having
length
of 600
ohms
of
the
wave
MHz
frequency
between
46
ohms
7.0-30
lower
frequencies,
frequency
in
order
the
to
decrease
frequencies
is
chosen
has
been
ohms
a
frequency
between
is
preferred
antenna
ratio
associated
range.
Since
generator
the
two
coils
will
be
12:1.
works
MHz.
ranges
range
equally
However,
of
smaller
of
100–900
the
voltage
while
permit
over a continuous
impedance
the
ratio
of
46
and
such
changes.
10
and
11,
wave
each
ratio
The
in
the
coils
the
74,
length
of
the
(VSWR)
graphs
the
graphs
frequency
the
VSWR
of
the
first
the
characteristic
receiving
frequency
to
might
adjacent
tuning
See
tuning
of
86,
88
and
wires
32,
mechanical
splicing,
88
converts
to a multiple
the
current
32, 34.
of
the
means
important.
the
desired
midpoints
convert
dipole
the
antenna
being
stubs.
The
load
The
cause
the
is
2:1.
substantially
Thus,
the
embodiment
of being
over
any
range.
broadcast
be
steel
means
FIG.
stubs
the
on
are
directly
34.
at
or
deemed
antenna
undesir
structures,
86,
88
6.
The
or
bars
located
approxi
the
desired
connected
to
the
This
attaching
means
known
etc.
The
the dual
element
element
The
placement
phasing
Current
wires
44.
by
cancellation
32, 34,
power
The
M,
the
coupling
denoted
will
placement
They
must
frequency
M'.
The
antenna
30
the
balancing
in
electrical
antenna
across
tuning
means
balancing
parallel
balancing
the
source
stubs
44
to
control
means
while
found
will
50
while
the
is
74,
The
such
band
an
76
in
of
the
mea
quite
range
folded
of
the
fre
near
or
can
be
tuning
fre
in
a
legs
addi
dipole
of
in
the
appear
of
be
has
a
tun
into
sig
means
and
86,
88
to
modify
the
ing
wave
voltage
case
to a ratio
stubs
ratio
of
the
quency
ea.
Referring
ment
generally
ration.
94
each
parallel
by
spreaders
material
of
approximately
92,
ported
104,106
mately
supported
supports
order
vertical
52a,
shorter
antenna
pendent
desired
The
ner to
tive
about
be
means
permit
another
proximately
mately
retain
conducting
spreaders
distal
The
the
94
another.
any
keep
spaced
are
antenna
100
antenna
distances
of
the
the
performance
the
tively.
dipole
quency
The
like
impedance
the
impedance
ratio
standing
of
our
example,
more
86,
88
thus
of
the
selected
voltage
spectrum
representative
as
The
antenna
of
which
relationship.
so
as to
94
are
tapered
by
end
retain
18
inches.
by
in a manner
to
have
position
54a
of
the
than
may
upon
radiation
conducting
the spreaders
securing
the
antenna
affixed
to
as
discussed
the
conducting
from
18
inches
the
short
104,
portions
spreaders
antenna
are
kept
While
points
along
the
legs
relationship,
disposed
90.
are
disposed
90.
will
antenna.
antenna
distances
The
required
antenna
of
1.8
two
conducting
ends of
and
at
the
desired
wave
from
closely
reduce
frequency
standing
of
the
to
FIG.
12,
of
the
90,
in a fully-extended
90
is
folded
These
96, 98,
100,
maintain
36
inches.
inward
spreaders
the
wires
The
end
lines
52,
54
similar
the
antenna
as
shown
lines
52,
the
lower
also
be
installed
the
vicinity
pattern.
wires
96-106
wires
which
wires.
the
antenna
above.
their
spaced
36
inches
apart.
vertical
wires
in
spaced
106
and
of
the
conducting
96-102
so
that
the
at
substantially
the
spreaders
the
length
of
the
conducting
it
is
a
distance
Further,
As
90
the
it
is
a
distance
in
the
first
vary
depending
It
is
preferred
is
185
feet
over
the
A, B will
length
is
approximately
MHz.
wires
oppose
of
each wire
decreasing the
ratio
approximately
approaching
a
higher
wave
antenna
there
present
32,
34
thus
visual
frequency.
(VSWR)
making
ratio
is
shown
Therefore,
is
reduced,
a
ratio
unity.
The
voltage
standing
the
resulting
over
the
sustantially
entire
another
invention,
designated
horizontal
has
similar
conducting
back
over
itself
wires
92,
and
102
of a non-conductive
the
wires
at
The
distal
toward
104,
at a spaced
each
106.
The
distance
spreaders
to
secure
the
to
that
90
54
should
legs
92,
are
These
The
wires
described
hang
in
FIG.
be one
52b, 54b.
in
other
of
the
installation
94
are held
by
the use
coiled
securing
wires
by
end
92,
94
to
parallel
so
that
The
the
end
spreaders
connecting
parallel
at
similar
obtuse
are
legs
wires.
placed
along
of
the
conducting
equal
distances
96-102
of
the
antenna
wires
preferred
A
preferred
since
desired
be
wires
that
from
the
that
B
from
embodiment,
the
upon
that
the
that
length
frequency
30
feet
for a standard
and
200
92,
94
are disposed
one
another.
in a spaced
94
are
supported
a spaced
ends
of
other
end
of
104,106
are
antenna
in
the
substantially
12,
the
upper
to
two
Of
course
orientations
in a fixed
of
non-conduc
or
twist-wrapped
wires
other
equivalent
spreaders
taper
toward
relationship
wires
are
104,
legs
of
each
relation
to
angles
the
may
be
90
92,
94
spreaders
distal
ends
the
spreaders
distal
ends
these
the
overall
overall
gives
range.
61
feet
one-half
feet
with a fre
An
4,423,423
stabiliz
standing
in
of
tuning
wave
plot
more
embodi
configu
wires
distance
the
wires
and
sup
spreaders
approxi
in
turn
90
to
above.
legs
inches
and
man
may
also
104,
of
approxi
106
also
of
the
to
length
wires
from one
placed
so
as
in
equal
96,102
of
of
preferred
length
length
the
best
Thus
respec
wave
so
that
antenna
balancing
together
the
wires
the
connected
2:1
which
radio
matching
fre
acteristics
tenna
lin
An
has
well
MHz
800-ohm
15
92,
creases
the
frequency
increases
and
20
to
There
standing
nated
clearly
25
its
between
In
linear
folded
of
of
30
the
frequency
de
the
Thus
have
and
frequencies
35
maximum
antenna
the
106
one
end
width
to
ferent
ap
the
the
of
93,
at
to
the
98,
the
In
tion
transmitting
90
45
dipole
between
The
specific
sential
50
should
the
the
I
55
1. A folded
and
frequency
over an
taining
60
standing
of
over
(a)
65
(b)
been
voltage
16:1.
the
being
entire
external
or
invention.
claim:
10
means
44,
such
as
one
set
of
92,
94.
The
remaining
by
an
antenna
the
conductinge
frequency
30.
antenna
found
where
and
the
generator
means
46
as
See
is
the
one
FIGS.
balancing
to
cause
said
antenna
an
overall
load
impedance
bandwidth
standing
in
the
1.8-22
the
ratio
output
is
wave
frequencies
shows
1.8
and
dipole
present
capable
the
solved
trap
dipole
between
impedance
shown
in
ratio
for
that,
and
22
does
not
exceed a
antenna
invention
of
transmitting
in
its
extremely
antenna
the
existing
antennas
can
be
used
bandwidth
systems
of
the
frequency
of
an
antenna
antenna
to
tuners
that
opposing
matching
wires
(not
of
similar
described
7,
8,
and
or
load
the
antenna
has a frequency
length
is
of
the
wave
ratio
MHz
the
of
the
FIG.
13 a
(VSWR)
the
antenna
for a continuous
MHz,
the
ratio
system
also
broad
systems
problems
where
because
of
approximately
present
spectrum
the
user
or
frequencies.
addition,
require
185
foregoing
reception
the
two
parallel
of
sition
proportional
load
set
the
antenna
a
shorter
over
their
feet
as
antennas
present
attributes
be
opposed
currently
1.8
and
30
invention
forms
without
thereof
made
to
systems
overall
broad
to
127
in
MHz.
may
departing
and,
the
appended
specification,
dipole
antenna
of
radio
generator
entire
extremely
an
effective
wave
ratio
entire
operational
conducting
relation
said
conducting
to
each
balancing
of
opposed
frequency
capable
broad
radiated
of
less
power
than
bandwidth
wires,
to
itself
wires
other
exhibiting
to
the
entire
means
electrically
ends of
said
as
each wire
described
ends
set
of
92,
94
shown).
configuration
in
connection
9.
impedance
averaging
preferred
antenna
associated
range.
antenna
radio
frequency
graph
measured
90.
VSWR
of
of
the
exhibits
and
frequency
of
the
with
only
of
invention
within
without
separate
of
length
range
feet
use
for
be
from
accordingly,
claims,
indicating
for
use
of
continuous
bandwidth
2:1
above,
of
the
opposing
means
are
connected
The
90
to
perform
range
185
because
while
This
matching
joins
conducting
ends
46
through
to
antenna
and
char
with
an
of
800
ohms
quite
of
1.8-22
feet.
The
it
in
decreasing
with
each
impedance
means
generator
of
the
voltage
at
the
The
frequency
is
2:1.
Therefore,
second
the
receiving
desig
graph
again
range
substantially
the
embodiment
characteristic
over
any
range.
present
the
the
the
for
of
and
those
embodied
in
energy
factor
for
invention
standard
certain
limitation
500
make
selected
having
antennas
present
frequencies,
longer
dipole
selected
of
KHz.
The
available
band
to
resort
for
dif
inven
receiving
and
50,
with
the
frequencies
in
the
other
spirit
or
es
reference
rather
than
the
the
transmission
to
scope of
by a radio
operation
while
main
and a voltage
all
frequencies
comprising:
folded
in
spaced
with
like
being
positioned
an
operational
ends of
each
leg
in
oppo
overall
length
bandwidth;
connecting
one
wires;
is
a
a
(c)
load
matching
remaining
single
(d)
said
means
properties
radio
another
trum
stantially
antenna;
(e)
the
conducting
folded
tance
tween
the
2. A folded
1
wherein
range
between
bandwidth
tween
3.5
3. A folded
1
wherein
range
between
bandwidth
tween
7.0
4. A folded
1
wherein
range
between
bandwidth
tween
1.8
5. A folded
and
reception
frequency
set
feed
line
load
balancing
requiring
by
any
frequency
frequency
of
the
antenna
constant
distal
portion
wires
leg
of
of
one-half
said
folded
antenna.
dipole
the
overall
50
including
and
30
MHz.
dipole
the
overall
30
including
and
30
MHz.
dipole
the
overall
170
including
and
22
MHz.
dipole
of
generator
1.
means
electrically
of
opposed
to a radio
no
external
generator
of each
tapering
the
same
the
legs
antenna
length
and
all
antenna
length
and
all
antenna
length
and
all
antenna
radio
capable
ends
frequency
means
and
variations
means
from
over
the
entire
in
order
to
radiating
characteristics
of
the
inward
conducting
spaced
parallel
over
the
in
accordance
of
103
the
feet,
the
frequencies
in
accordance
of
70
200
the
feet,
the
frequencies
in
accordance
of
the
feet,
the
frequencies
for
frequency
use
of
continuous
4,423,423
connecting
of
said
generator;
said
load
of
their
when
one
frequency
frequency
maintain
folded
toward
wire
distance
remaining
antenna
entire
operational
in
the
antenna
entire
operational
in
the
antenna
entire
operational
in
the
in
the
transmission
energy
by a radio
the
wires
by
a
matching
electrical
tuning
the
to
spec
the
sub
of
said
legs
of
the
the
other
to a dis
be
length
of
with
claim
lies
in
the
range
be
with
claim
lies
in
the
range
be
with
claim
lies
in
the
range
be
operation
over an
taining
standing
over
5
entire
an
effective
wave
the
entire
(a)
two
conducting
parallel
of
said
sition
to
proportional
O
(b)
load
balancing
set
of
(c)
opposed
load
matching
remaining
single
15
(d)
feed
said
load
means
properties
radio
frequency
another
20
trum
of
stantially
antenna;
(e)
tuning
of
said
25
ing
wave
folded
frequency
than
2:1.
6. A folded
5
wherein
30
equal
said
distances
antenna along
tances
proportional
7. A folded
6
wherein
35
said
12
extremely
ratio
operational
relation
conducting
each
set
line
balancing
requiring
by
frequency
the
antenna
constant
means
ratio
to a voltage
dipole
tuning
outward
the
dipole
distances
broadbandwidth
radiated
of
less
power
than
bandwidth
wires,
each
to
itself
with
wires
being
other
to
any
exhibiting
the
entire
means
ends
means
of
opposed
to a radio
no
external
generator
operational
electrically
of
said wires;
electrically
ends
frequency
means
and
variations
means
from
over
the
entire
in
order
radiating
-
connected
wires
associated
between
for
reducing
with
standing
antenna
legs
to
antenna
in
means
of
the
accordance
are
of
the
center
said
folded
specific
in
accordance
are
between
while
main
factor
and a voltage
2:1
for
all
frequencies
comprising:
wire
folded
in
spaced
like
ends of
positioned
an
each
leg
in
oppo
overall
length
bandwidth;
connecting
connecting
of
said
one
the
wires
by
a
generator;
said
load
of
one
to
maintain
characteristics
the
at
wave
stubs
feed
matching
their
electrical
when
tuning
frequency
frequency
r
the
legs
voltage
least
one
ratio
or
bars
point
wires,
the
to
spec
the
sub
of
said
of
each
stand
specific
of
less
with
claim
spaced
of
said
said
dis
frequency.
with
17
and
:
claim
20
inches.
40
45
50
55
60
65
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