Boonton PIM 31 User Manual

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7

2 SAFETY SUMMARY ..................................................................................... 8

2.1 SYMBOLS ............................................................................................... 8

2.2 DISCLAIMER ......................................................................................... 10

2.3 POWER REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 11

2.4 PIM 31 SERIES PACKING LIST ............................................................ 12

3 PIM 31 ELEMENTS ..................................................................................... 13

3.1 PIM 31 FR ONT PANEL ......................................................................... 13

3.2 PIM 31 BACK PANEL ............................................................................ 15

4 PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................... 16

4.1 USING HIGH PERFORMANCE RF ACCESS ORIES ............................ 19

4.2 USING HIGH PERFORMANCE RF CABLE S ........................................ 21

5 POWERING PIM 31 UP/DOWN .................................................................. 22

5.1 Powering UP .......................................................................................... 22

5.2 POWERING DOWN .............................................................................. 23

6 GETTING STARTED ................................................................................... 25

6.1 THE FIRST MEASUREMENT ............................................................... 25

7 PIM 31 OPERATION ................................................................................... 29

7.1.1 Operations Men u Tree .................................................................... 31

7.2 FIELD MODE ......................................................................................... 32

7.2.1 Field Mode Elemen ts ....................................................................... 32

7.2.2 Carrier Entry .................................................................................... 34

7.2.3 Site Entry ......................................................................................... 37

7.2.4 Comments ....................................................................................... 39

7.2.5 History Screen ................................................................................. 40

7.2.6 Data Management ........................................................................... 41

7.2.7 Log Files and Content ..................................................................... 41

7.2.8 Log File Management ...................................................................... 43

7.2.9 Data Copy ....................................................................................... 43

7.2.10 Data Delete Log Files .................................................................. 44

7.2.11 Data Delete Carrier & Site............................................................ 46

7.3 System Menu ......................................................................................... 47

7.3.2 System Menu Functional Block ....................................................... 49

7.4 Analyzer Mode ....................................................................................... 54

7.4.1 Frequency Mode ............................................................................. 56

7.4.2 Time Mode ...................................................................................... 57

7.4.3 Sweep Mode ................................................................................... 58

8 Pull Down Menus ......................................................................................... 61

8.1 File ......................................................................................................... 62

8.1.1 Start / Stop History Save ................................................................. 62

8.1.2 Screen Capture / Print ..................................................................... 63

8.1.3 Initialize Program ............................................................................ 64

8.1.4 Quit .................................................................................................. 64

8.2 System Management ............................................................................. 65

8.2.1 Self Check ....................................................................................... 65

8.2.2 PIMD Management ......................................................................... 66

9 Remote Application and TCP/IP Setup ........................................................ 67

9.1 Installation and connection setup for remote control: ............................. 67

9.1.1 Install PIM31 Remote Software ....................................................... 67

9.1.2 Known issues that might occur during installation on Windows OS:67

9.1.3 Setting IP address of PIM31 ............................................................ 67

9.1.4 Connecting PIM31 and PC. ............................................................. 68

9.1.5 Setting IP Address of PC ................................................................. 68

9.1.6 Check the network connection status of PIM31 and PC .................. 69

9.2 Using PIM31 Remote Application: ......................................................... 70

9.2.1 Enter IP address and Por t ............................................................... 70

9.2.2 List of remote commands ................................................................ 71

10 PIM31 Reporter Software .......................................................................... 72

10.1 Installation .......................................................................................... 72

10.2 PIM 31 Reporter settings .................................................................... 73

11 What is PIM? ............................................................................................. 77

11.1 What Causes PIM? ............................................................................. 77

11.1.1 Manufacturing & Design ............................................................... 77

11.1.2 Mechanical ................................................................................... 77

11.1.3 Environment ................................................................................. 78

11.2 How to test PIM .................................................................................. 78

12 PIM 31 Technical Information ................................................................... 80

12.1 Tester Types....................................................................................... 80

12.2 Specifications (Data Sheet) ................................................................ 81

12.2.1 Transmitter Specification.............................................................. 81

12.2.2 Receiver Specifications ................................................................ 81

12.2.3 System Specifications .................................................................. 81

12.2.4 Environmental .............................................................................. 82

12.2.5 Dimensions and Weight ............................................................... 82

13 Maintenance ............................................................................................. 83

13.1 Block Diagram .................................................................................... 83

13.2 Performance Check ............................................................................ 84

13.2.1 Testing Analyzer operation status ................................................ 84

13.3 Performance Verification .................................................................... 86

13.3.1 Tx Signal Power Level ................................................................. 86

13.3.2 Tx Signal Frequency .................................................................... 88

13.3.1 Rx Power and Receiving Frequency ............................................ 90

14 Accessories ............................................................................................... 93

Appendix A ......................................................................................................... 94

Warrant y Statement ........................................................................................ 94

Appendix B ......................................................................................................... 96

EC Declaration of Conformity .......................................................................... 96

Appendix C ......................................................................................................... 97

Special Units Packing List ............................................................................... 97

Appendix D ......................................................................................................... 98

PIM31 F07 UL ................................................................................................. 98

Manual Version Control ...................................................................................... 98

Contact ............................................................................................................. 110

1 INTRODUCTION

Thank you for choosing a Boonton test system. The PIM31 is a high performance instrument that allows users to make reliably, highly accurate measurements of passive intermodulation, in systems and / or components. Our test systems are built to the highest quality standards. We strive to provide the most reliable, state of the art test equipment allowing our customers to have the utmost confidence in the results of their testing. To ensure you can utilize all functions and features of this test system, we strongly recommend you familiarize yourself with this manual prior to operating your PIM31 test system. This manual contains valuable information on the safe operation of the PIM31 test set and a brief technical background on passive intermodulation.

2 SAFETY SUMMARY

2.1 SYMBOLS

This safety requirement symbol (located on the rear panel) has been adopted by the International Electro-technical Commission, Document 66 (Central Office) 3, Paragraph 5.3, which directs that an instrument be so labeled if, for the correct use of the instrument, it is necessary to refer to the instruction manual. In this case it is recommended that reference be made to the instruction manual when connecting the instrument to the proper power source. Verify that the correct fuse is installed for the power available.

The CAUTION symbol denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operational procedur e, pract i ce or instr uct i o n that, if not followed, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the instrument and accessor i es. Do not proce e d beyond a CAUTION symbol until its conditions are fully understood and met.

The NOTE symbol is used to mark information which should be read. This information may be very useful to the operation when with the subject covered in this section.

The HINT symbol is used to identify additional comments which are outside of the normal format of the manual, however can give the user additional information about the subject.

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation and maintenance of the Boonton PIM 31 Passive Intermodulation Test System. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Boonton Electronics Corporation assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

INSTRUMENT MUST BE GROUNDED

To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. The instrument is equipped with a three conductor, three prong AC power cable. The power cable must either be plugged into an approved three-contact electrical outlet or used with a three-contact to a two-contact adapter with the (green) grounding wire firmly connected to an electrical ground at the power outlet.

DO NOT OPERATE THE INSTRUMENT IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS

Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel only. Never replace components or operate the instrument with the covers removed and the power cable connected. Even with the power cable removed, dangerous voltages may be present. Always remove all jewelry (rings, watches, etc.) and discharge circuits before touching them. Never attempt internal service or adjustment of the test system unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is present.

DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT

Do not substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification of the instrument. Return the instrument to Boonton Electronics for repair to insure that the warranty and safety features are maintained.

NON IONIZING RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD

This device generates Radio Frequency (RF) energy under normal operation, and should always be operated in accordance with local and national licensing laws. RF energy in the 700 to 1,000 MHz and 1,800 to 2,200 MHz with a total power of up to 50W Watts or +47 dBm is present at the test port during testing. The Test Port is to be terminated into a non radiating 50 ohm load to reduce the risk of RF exposure. Do not switch RF Power On if Test Port is open or load is unknown.

ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD

The device is supplied with 90 to 264 Volt AC. Prior to AC connection always inspect the power cord and instrument cas e for da mag e. I f damage is observed, do not use until inspected and repaired by an authorized Boonton Service center.

2.2 DISCLAIMER

PIM 31 test systems transmit two settable CW RF signals, with a power of up to 25W each, to measure passive intermodulation of components and transmitting systems.

Wireless Telecom Group and its subsidiaries are under no circumstances accountable for use of PIM31 test systems not conforming to laws and regulations of national and local authorities. Customer / user bear the full responsibility and legal accountability to use PIM31 only in a lawful manner.

2.3 POWER REQUIREMENTS

Caution

The PIM 31 Series is equipped with a switching power supply that provides automatic operation from a 90 to 260 volt, 47 to 63 Hz, single-phase, AC power source. Maximum power consumption is 750W / 750 VA

For bench-top use, choose a clear, uncluttered area. For field use, choose a dust free environment. Ensure that there is at least 2" of clearance at the fan air intake on the front panel and bottom vents, and the exhaust vents on the back panels to allow for proper air circulation.

Before powering the unit up make sure the instrument does not show indications of exposure to extensive force like dents, torn off pieces or loose parts in the case.

2.4 PIM 31 SERIES PACKING LIST

PIM 31 Series Test Systems are shipped complete and are ready to use upon receipt.

Note Save the original packing material and container to reship the

instrument, if necessary. If the original materials (or suitable substitute) are not available, contact Boonton Electronics to purchase replacements. Store packing materials always in dry environment. If frequent used in the field with we strongly recommend purchasing our PIM 31 Transit Case. See chapter Accessories for ordering information.

Unless otherwise ordered * , your will receive:

• PIM 31 Series Passive Inter mo dulat ion Test System

• Line Cord with 90 deg connector

• USB Mouse

• USB Roll-Up Keyboard

• 2 Connector Savers

• Low PIM Cable 3m (10ft)

• Low PIM Load 50W

• Torque Wrench

* PIM 31 and accessories are available in customized versions / packages. Please refer to Appendix A for specific package lists.

3 PIM 31 ELEMENTS

Number

Element

Description

Power Switch

Function similar to a PC:

must be in ON Position

LAN connector

For factory use only

USB Ports (3)

USB Ports for mouse, keyboar d and Memory Stick

RF Port w/ protection cap

RF Port, Always use protection cap when PM31

3.1 PIM 31 FRONT PANEL

one short push – PIM31 powers up, Another short push – controlled power down Holding it for 3 second – powers unit down immediately See also chapter Powering PIM31 up/down. Note: Main Power Switch on the back

is not in use.

Audio

Loudspeaker for audio si g nal s

Touch Screen

Display

Touch screen display 800x600. on the screen

RF Power On

RF-Power light indicates when RF Power is present.

Front Panel Air

Always allow for proper airflow, prevent in.

Type Label

Provides information about PIM31 Tx/Rx frequency bands

Never use sharp devices to push buttons

Vents

alien objects or dust from being sucked

3.2 PIM 31 BACK PANEL

Number

Element

Description

Main Power supply

AC Supply: 90-264V, 7 50W / 750VA Fuse: 4A / 230V or 8A / 110V

Main Power Switch

PIM31 contains protection circuitry to control

Button to power the system down.

VGA Port

Allows using an external VGA Monitor

Communications port

Factory use only

10 MHz Reference out

10 MHz reference output to synchronize external equipment

Air Flow Fan

Always ensure sufficient air flow

Air Flow Fan

Always ensure sufficient air flow

use 90 deg connector only

RF Power during operation and during powering on/off cycles. After switching Main Power Switch On wait 2 seconds before pushing Front Power Button. Fans may Briefly run after power off. Note: Do not use Main Power Switch while system is in operation mode, vital files may get corrupted Always use the Front Power

4 PRECAUTIONS

Caution

DO NOT touch RF Connecting parts of components with bare fingers.

Even the smallest amount of sweat on the conductors can cause oxidation, which will reduce the performance of the element and can cause PIM. Elements Included:

• RF Port of PIM31

• Low PIM Cables

• Low PIM Load

• Low PIM Adapters

• All components in the transmitting path of the System under

Test or DUT.

DO NOT switch on RF power without load or antenna attached.

Switching RF power on without termination, results in the full transmitted energy of the test system being reflected back into the test system. This can overstress the system cause damage. The load ensures energy flow from the test system to the load, which transforms all RF energy into heat.

DO NOT operate the PIM31 in any active systems.

The PIM31 is a very sensitive Test System that allows testing and analyzing passive RF components. Under no circumstances should the tester be operated w hen the RF path is active, no outside carrier signals should be present in the RF path under test. This includes all active signals even when they are operating in different frequency bands. Operation with active signals present will cause serious damage to the i nst r um ent.

Caution

DO NOT connect or disconnect any accessory or component of the test setup with RF power switched on.

Even at low RF power levels, spark discharge can occur with sudden energy flow or flow disruption.. Spark discharg e - must be avoided, because it will alter the surface of the pins and connection areas. “Burned” surfaces will not only reduce the performance of the component, but can also cause permanent PIM.

DO NOT operate test system and load without connector savers.

All connectors wear out when used frequently. Connector savers on the RF Port and the load port(s). help to prevent costly repairs of the PIM31 Boonton connector savers offer negligible influence on measurements. We suggest to always leaving the connector saver attached to the tester / load to ensure they are always utilized. Replace them when they wear out, and their performance deteriorates. For order information please refer to the chapter accessories.

DO NOT mount components directly on the PIM31.

Always use a cable between PIM31 and DUT. The connector of the PIM31 is a high quality, high precision element. It is designed to withstand tangential forces that occur when connector savers or cables are torqued on with the appropriate force. The RF Port connector is not designed to support the weight of a component.

Caution

DO NOT block air vents.

Due to its high RF output power, PIM31 consumes up to 750W. This energy has to be disposed. While these test systems have protection against overheating, it is vital to keep air vents clear of any obstructions that would prevent or limit the air flow.

Air vent locations

• Front Panel

• Back Panel

• Bottom

Keep clearance at least 15 cm / 6 inches for Front and Back Panel Vents, and 4cm / 1.5 for the bottom vent.

DO NOT bent cable tighter than 40 cm / 16 inches of diameter.

Caution

Cables that come with the PIM31 offer a combination of high quality, low PIM, and high reliability. The test cable is a vital piece of the measurement setup, and a damaged or worn cable will influence PIM measurements... The structure of Boonton’s PIM cable offers customer friendly utilization in the field and in the factory it allows for a bending radius of 20 cm / 8 inches. Tighter bending will permanently alter the cable structure, which will cause performance loss and can ca use per m an ent PIM , rend er i ng the cable unusable. See also chapter: Using the Cable.

DO NOT over-torque the RF Port connector and accessories.

The best performance of RF connectors is achieved when the connections are made with the correct torque. Too much of a torque can permanently deform PINs and connections areas, too little torque can hinder the electron flow, varying the impedance or in some cases can cause spark discharge. All these effects can damage the components permanently. To ensure proper connections always use the torque-wrench that comes standard with the PIM31.

Caution

DO NOT use sharp devices at the touch screen.

Users can operate PIM31 test systems but utilizing the touch screen or via keyboard/mouse. The user interface is designed specifically for field use; all vital operations can be conveniently accessed via the touch screen interface. Do not use sharp devices; they can damage the touch screen. The touch screen, display and CPU are a single integrated module. In case of service the complete module has to be exchanged. To prevent costly repairs, use only your fingers or very dull devices to interact with the screen.

4.1 USING HIGH PERFORMANCE RF ACCESSORIES

PIM test sets combine very high output power, with extremely sensitive receivers. Note: The sensitivity of the PIM 31 receiver is many times greater than the sensitivity of a Base Station. Any unwanted influence generated by poor performing accessories will reduce the accuracy of the desired measurement. To ensure quality measurements great care has to be taken; not only for the test system but also for the cables and accessories. Remember you want to measure the PIM of the device under test, not a poor performing or worn accessory.

Prevent unnecessary force:

Nearly all RF connectors are designed to allow for manual connection. To ensure a proper connection, RF connectors should be manually mated, push in to seat the center pin, then hand tightened until seated. The torque wrench should only be used to tighten the last ½ turn or less. Improper connections will cause performance loss. This includes under torquing and over torquing. Both, over and under-torquing, result in weak connections which contribute to PIM. Over tightening may damage the connector and lead to visible metal fragments in the connector’s surface. All damaged connectors and connectors savers should be replace prior to testing.

Keep Accessories clean:

Dust and dirt may affect test results. Make sure accessories are stored properly and clean. Please use the protective caps - to keep the accessories free from contamination. Never use sharp devices

to remove any contamination because scraping can cause metal chips in the contact areas, which will generate PIM. If any dirt, corrosion or any other foreign matter needs to be removed use special RF contact cleaning tabs and / or compress ed air.

Keep Accessories dry:

Even the best plating will wear if accessories are frequently used. Moisture will cause oxidation. Prevent moisture by using supplied protective caps and keeping accessories stored properly. Many connectors are weather sealed to prevent moisture from enteri ng the contact area. If you discover moisture use RF contact cleaning tabs and blow dry with compressed air.

Check for wear and tear :

All metal to metal surface subjected to movement will eventually show the effects of wear and tear. In the case of PIM measurements the results appear as an increase in PIM level.

Check your accessories frequently to ensure that they are working properly. Once you have determined that an accessory is no longer performing as it should, replace it with a new device. When you received the replacement, dispose of the old one to prevent accidental reuse. Check chapter on Accessories for ordering information of spare and replacement accessories. Accessories are key to accurate PIM measurements. Although properly functioning, they are also wear and tear items and will need to be replaced.

4.2 USING HIGH PERFORMANCE RF CABLES

Cables are as vital to proper PIM testing as any of the other accessories are. Treat them with the appropriate care. All hints listed above for accessories apply to cables as well. Always use cable caps to protect connectors when the cable is not in use. The bending radius for the PIM31 cable delivered by Boonton is 20cm / 8 inches. To prevent damage, coil cable no tighter than 40 cm / 16 inches in diameter. A transit case for PIM31 systems is available. This case has dedicated space for test systems, accessories and also the low PIM cable. For more information please refer to the chapter on accessories.

“Treat accessories and cables for what they are:

High precision measurement devices”

PIM tests measure the device in the testing path that generates the highest level of PIM. Worn or malfunctioning accessories lead to inaccurate measurements. Remember you want to measure the PIM level for the RF path or device under test, not a worn accessory or test cable. Inspect your accessories and cables prior to each use, and treat them as part of a high precision me asurement device.

5 POWERING PIM 31 UP/DOWN

5.1 Powering UP

PIM 31 test systems power up in a similar fashion to a desktop PC. However, there is one exception: significant RF power has to be controlled and managed.. For this reason PIM 31 series test systems contain a protection system to protect the hardware, e.g. prevents unusual on/and off cycles ( e.g. 3 cycles per second). When used normally, the user will not even recognize that these protective mechanisms are working.

Preparations for powering up:

Ensure that the main outlet has pr oper gr ou nding. Connect the correct power cable to the tester Connect the power cable to the main outlet

• Switch on the PIM31 main power switch at the backside of the unit. Allow for a short delay before switching on front power button. (This will allow protection circuitry to enable all PIM 31 modules).

• Push Start Button briefly at the front panel.

The system will boot up automatically and show the user interface in the Field Mode.

Caution

5.2 POWERING DOWN

PIM31 can be powered down in different ways listed below. It is not recommended to power down simply by “Pulling the plug” or switching off the Main Switch on the back panel.

Exiting

The proper way is to Exit the UI is by pressing the red exit button. This will generate an exit pop up. Respond to the pop-up menu’s choice Yes / NO to power the system down or not. This method ensures the RF is switched off properly, all UI and computer processes are terminated in an orderly fashion, and data files are closed.

Forced Termination

Holding the Start Button on the front panel for 3 seconds generates a soft reset. RF is switched off, and all vital files will be closed and stored. In this mode, the urgency to power off the unit trumps handling and closing all files. Some information, e.g. log data may be lost.

Main Switch

When not following the proper shutdown sequence and using the Main switch on the back to terminate power it is likely that files get corrupted, and the test system may be harmed.

Note: Cooling fans may become operational after the main switch is placed in the off position until discharge of all internal capacitors is complete; typically within 5 seconds

Caution

“Pulling the Plug”

This “method” should be avoided under all circumstances. It can damage the hardware and corrupt files. This “method” is especially critical if the RF port is still connected to a grounded system under test. Residual discharges may flow via RF Ground / Shield. With the main connector no longer plugged in, ground connection is also disrupted.

6 GETTING STARTED

Before starting to measure components with PIM31 systems, users are urged to familiarize themselves with the precautions (Don’ts) in the chapter below. Improper operation and handling can cause bodily harm or damage the instrument.

6.1 THE FIRST MEASUREMENT

Preparations:

• Mount connector saver to RF Port and Load (if not already mounted)

• Connect Low PIM cable to Test system (Note: always connect the test

cable to the instrument prior to connecting to the DUT)

• Connect Load to cable.

At this point the RF Button is visible but inactive. Power levels and the frequencies of the carrier signals must be set in or der to act i v at e the RF button. To do so, pushing the “Carrier” button displays a list of Carrier signal settings.

Since this is the first boot up, the list is empty. To enter carrier parameters, push “New” at the Carrier Select screen. Now we can enter a Carrier name, frequencies and power levels. With growing list of carriers, meaningful carrier

names help to recognize the settings: Example 20W_869_896 means: power of the signals is 20W, and the frequencies used are 869 MHz and 896MHz.Every entry or change needs to be confirmed by pushing the “Enter” button. Once our entries are complete, we return to the previous screen, “Carrier List” by pushing the green Return button. The list shows now a carrier entry. By pushing the

Green return button we come back to the Field Mode screen.

PIM 31 test systems provide not only accurate PIM analysis, they also allow users to log data that is specific to a particular test setup or particular base station site. At a later point, measurements can be recalled for comparison and to analyze if the performance has changed. This particular information has to be entered as well. The process is similar to the Carrier entry, except this time we push the “Site” button. As with the carrier, the system lists all available Sites (or Tests). Since we have not entered a Site the list is still empty.

Note: Site information is linked to particular Carriers. If a different Carrier is selected the associated list of Sites (Tests) corresponds to Sites that were entered under this Carrier.

Now we can enter detailed base station or measurement setup information. Once completed, we return to the initial Field Mode Screen. The selected Site (Test)

information is now visible in the appropriate fields and the RF Button is now active.

By pressing the RF Button, the system initializes, and starts measuring PIM. A second push of the RF button stops measurements and transmission of RF signal carriers. The last PIM reading is held and shown in grey.

Note: PIM 31 test systems switch RF Power off after 30mins (default). Other cycles or “Always On” can be selected. For more information refer to chapter System Menu.

7 PIM 31 OPERATION

PIM31 Test Systems were developed to measure and analyze PIM data of RFcomponents, cables, or complete RF systems.

Operation Modes for Different Applications: Field Mode / Analyzer Mode

Depending on the application, the users’ requirements will be different. The main task at a base station site is to quickly analyze the RF Path, and document the measurements. If unacceptable PIM levels are detected the PIM31 can be used to identify and pin-point problematic components. When testing base stations,

typically, the frequency and power settings of the test equipment are site specific. Focus lies on quick measurement and documentation of data. PIM31 test systems provide this easy to use functionality in the Field Mode. All base station test parameters can be stored in the PIM31 test system, including feeder and sector information. By selecting the base station, the user is ready to go. For preventive maintenance it can be very helpful to compare actual with historical data, which the PIM31 offers this as well. Measurements can be stored in the system as .log files. Whenever data are logged, the log field stores measurements, test system settings, and even complete information of the base station. The operator can view the historical data of a base station at any time and analyze if readings have changed compared to historical measurements.

Similar conditions apply when components are tested. The instrument settings do not change, but for quality reasons every measurement has to be documented. For measuring RF Components, the Field Mode is a very comfortable and efficient

If more detailed information about the DUT is required, it can be accessed by using the Analyzer Mode of the PIM31 test system. In this mode the user can analyze multiple intermodulation products at the same time (Frequency Mode), can record graphical traces over a longer time period (Time Mode) and can frequency sweep DUTs (Sweep Mode) to ensure it performs within the complete frequency band within specification.

The following chapters Field Mode and Analyzer Mode provide more detailed information.

7.1.1 Operations Menu Tree

PIM 31 Test systems are designed to provide an efficient workflow. The Menu Tree shows the overall menu structure of the PIM31.

7.2 FIELD MODE

Element

Name

Description / Display

File Menue

Pull down Menu, choices: See also chapter Pull-down Menus

Carrier Field:F1

Shows Frequency (MHz) and Power level(dBm) of first carrier signal.

System management

Pull down Menu, choices:

7.2.1 Field Mode Elements

The following chapter desc ribes the Display elements of the F ield Mode screen.

“Quit”, same function as Exit Button

“Self Test”, tests PIM 31 functionality with RF ON and OFF

AUD – Audio On

REC –Data Recording

SPU – Soft Power Up

RSSI

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) in dBm.

-130dBm.

PIM Value dBc

Measured PIM value numerically in dBc. The unit dBc

Displays last value after RF power is turned off

Voltage at the RF-port can reach up t 50V.

Bar Graph PIM

Graphical display of PIM measurement. Range is:

Display fields (3)

Detailed Information of selected Site (e.g. Base Station

20W_Combiner_Test”

RF On / Off Switch

One Push switched RF ON,

Carrier Select and Site Select

RF Indicator light

Indicates when RF-power is ON

See Chapter System Menu for further information

Audio On/Off

Audio Signal when measurement passes green/red threshold of Bar Graph

For more information see chapter Analyzer Mode

EXIT

Triggers Power down sequence. Active only when RF-power is OFF.

see chapters Data and System Menu

Carrier

Opens Carrier Select screen. Active only when RF-Power is OFF

Site

Opens Site Select screen. Active only when RF-Power is OFF

History

Opens Site History screen Active only when RF-Power is OFF

Data

Opens Data menu (copy log files, delete log files, sites

External signals at the receiving frequency / frequencies may disturb PIM measurements. For accurate PIM measurements RSSI should always be below

describes a measurement relative to the carriers, in this case the carrier signals transmitted by the test system.

Voltage Warning Warning Sign appears when RF Power is switched on.

indicator

Site, Feeder, Sector

System Opens System menu.

Analyzer Opens Analyzer Menu

Record In single mode (default), log measurement and system

-175dBc (start green bar) to -110dBc (end red bar). Default threshold green/red is -153dBc. See System Menu for further information.

Location), and Site specific information like Feeder line and antenna sector. Also often used to describe test setup, e.g. “Site:

Second push switches RF ON. The button is only active if Carrier parameters have been set and Site information is available. For further information see menus:

data of current measurement. In auto mode, start/stop for recording continuous log sequences. For further information on recorded data and auto mode

For more information see chapter Carrier Select:

For more information see chapter Site Carrier:

and carriers)

For more information see chapter Data

Active only when RF-Power is OFF

7.2.2 Carrier Entry

Carrier Signal settings specify the frequencies of the transmitting RF signals and their power level. Site information allows to a) specify the tested site in detail or to specify component tests more closely. All settings entered with Carrier signals or Site/Test information are recorded when measurement data is logged, this allows for detailed analysis after a series of tests has been completed.

Furthermore settings and vital measurements are stored in the system so that historical data related to site information can be viewed for comparison, e.g. if systems are deteriorating. For more information on this see chapter “History Screen”.

Carrier Select

Once carriers have been stored in the system, they can be easily recalled. The screenshot shows a list of 2 carriers with related information on transmit frequencies and power levels.

Element

Name

Description / Display

Carrier

Carrier specific information on frequencies and power levels stored in the PIM31.

Selected Carrier

The yellow background indicates the carrier that is

selected and will be used for test after pressing

Return

Page Indicator &

If more than 6 different carrier signals are stored in

Carriers are selected by clicking / tapping them.

New

Opens Edit Carrier screen without carrier name. cannot be changed (only deleted) at a later time.

Edit

Opens Carrier Edit screen, allowing the modification of frequencies or power levels.

Return

Returns to previous screen.

Jump arrows

PIM 31 Carrier Edit

the PIM31, the current page and number of pages are shown. Inner arrows: One page jumps in both directions Outer arrows: Jump to Pos1 or End of list

Note: Once the carrier name has been entered, it

Element

Name

Description / Display

Carrier 1

Parameter

Sets power level and frequency of carrier signal 1:

by pushing the Enter button (I)

Carrier Name

When entering new carrier information, the cursor The name will be stored by pushing “Enter” (I)

Carrier 2

Sets power level and frequency of Carrier Signal 2:

by pushing “Enter” (I)

ALC

Auto Level Control – for utmost accuracy it is For more information see chapter “System Menu”.

Return

Returns to previous site.

Automatically calculates and displays the next IM product that lies in the receiving band of the PIM31

123 / ABC

Toggles the touch screen keyboard between characters and numeric.

Delete

Deletes last character / character to the left of the cursor

Enter

Entries are stored in the system when the “Enter” button is pressed

Keyboard

Keyboard, toggles between characters and numeric

Space

Capitals

Upper case entries

Note: when entering this field a numeric keyboard is displayed. A new or changed value is accepted

is set to this field and marked orange for editing.

Parameter

Note: when entering this field a numeric keyboard is displayed. A new or changed value is accepted

recommended to set ALC to ON (default).

Note: When using an external keyboard do not use commas in names or descriptions. Log Data is stored in a CSV (Commaseparated value) text form. Commas in the description will mix up fields that are assigned for particular values, relevant e.g. when importing data in a spreadsheet or database. The touch screen keyboard does not offer commas for entry.

7.2.3 Site Entry

Element

Name

Description / Display

Site

Sites, with information on feeder and sector stored in the PIM31.

Selected Site

The yellow background indicates that this site is selected and will be used for data logging.

Page Indicator &

If more than 6 different sites are stored in the

Sites are selected by clicking / tapping them.

New

Opens Edit Site screen without site name. cannot be changed (only deleted) at a later time.

Edit

Opens Site Edit screen, allowing the modification of site related infor mation.

Return

Returns to previous screen.

As with Carriers, Sites (or Tests) and linked information can be stored in the memory of the PIM31. Once Sites have been stored in the system, they can be easily recalled. The screenshot shows a list of 4 Sites with related information on feeder and sector.

Jump arrows

PIM31, the current page and number of pages are shown. Inner arrows: One page jumps in both directions Outer arrows: Jump to Pos1 or End of list

Note: Once the site name has been entered, it

PIM 31 Site Edit

Element

Name

Description / Display

Carrier Name

Carrier signal to which site information is related to.

Comment

Allows additional entries related to the Site or Test.

Site / Test Name

Site / test name “Enter” (J)

Sector

Additional information (Sector) “Enter” (J)

Return

Returns to previous site.

Feed

Additional information (Feeder) “Enter” (J)

User

Additional information (User) “Enter” (J)

123 / ABC

Toggles the touch screen keyboard between characters and numeric.

Delete

Deletes last character / character to the left of the cursor

Enter

Entries are stored in the system when the Enter button is pressed

New or changed entries are stored by pushing

Keyboard

Keyboard, toggles between characters and numeric

Space

Capitals

Upper case entries

Name

Carrier 1

PIM 31 – Site Information - Comment

Site Info

123

More Site Info

Feeder Alpha shows sporadic PIM values up to - 83.5 dBc. High RSSI readings.

ENTER

F JG H

O PTQ R

7.2.4 Comments

Site information allows users to add comments that provide further information about the Site or the Test. Comments are not stored in the log file.

7.2.5 History Screen

Element

Name

Description / Display

Site

Site (test) information including Site name, Feeder, and Sector

Log Data Set

Shows historical information of measurement: levels and RSSI

Log Data Set

As in A. The cursor is just for visually aiding the user.

Page Indicator &

If more than 6 different sets of log data are stored

Outer arrows: Jump to Pos1 or End of list

Return

Returns to previous site.

Log data is stored in the test system memory whenever the REC button is pushed. Log data stores the measurements, tester settings, and site related information. With this capability operators can view historic information of specific sites, allowing them to compare current and former measurements and analyze if their performance has chang ed over time..

Jump arrows

Date, Time, PIM reading, Frequencies, Power

in the PIM31, the current page and number of pages are shown. Inner arrows: One page jumps in both directions

7.2.6 Data Management



The following chapter desc ribes the Data Menu and Data structure.

Recording / Record - Button

PIM31 can store measurement data manually (default) or automatically with predetermined intervals. When the “Record” button in the “Field Mode” screen is pushed, the system stores one data set in a log file. The recorded measure men t data is stored in a log fil e. This file is stored in ASCII text format with CSV structure. (Comma -Separated Values), allowing convenient importing of log data into databases or spreadsheet applications.

For more information about Automatic Mode refer to chapter “System Menu”.

Note: While it is theoretically possible to enter commas in descriptive fields like Carrier Name, Site, Feeder and Sector, it is strongly suggested to refrain from such practice. In a CSV structure, text after the comma will be taken as new value when importing into a database or spreadsheet which will mix up field assignments. Important information will be at an incorrect location.

7.2.7 Log Files and Content

With PIM31 firmware versions 1.2 and later, log file names are a combination of Carrier, Site, Feeder, Sector, Date and Time. This way every log data file is absolutely unique and allows for easy identification:

PIM31_SITE_FEEDER_SECTOR_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.log

Previous firmware versions used the nome ncl atur e: PIM31_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.log

Log files are stored in the directory C:/PIM 31 /History Users do not need to access this directory directly since the data features of PIM31 test system offer a convenient way to extract and copy the data.

Information stored in log files is listed in the table below.

Content (comma separated)

Variable

Format

Description

Date

YYYYMMDD

Time

HHMMSS

PIM (dBc)

-XXX.X

Signed Field

PIM (dBm)

-XXX.X

Signed Field

RSSI (dBm)

-XXX.X

Signed Field

F1 (MHz)

XXXX.X

Frequency 1 in MHz

F2 (MHz)

XXXX.X

Frequency 2 in MHz

IM 3 (MHz)

XXXX.X

IM3 Frequency in MHz

F1 (dBm)

XX.X

F1 Power level in dBm

F2 (dBm)

XX.X

F1 Power Level in dBm

IM3 Bandwidth (Hz)

XXXXX

IM 3 Bandwidth in Hz

PIM 31 Type

XXX

Example: “F03”

Model

String - 40 Characters max

Serial Number

String - 40 Characters max

Serial number of test system

HW Version

String - 40 Characters max

Hardware version

SW Version

String - 40 Characters max

Software version installed

OS Version

String - 40 Characters max

Operating system

Carrier

String - 70 Characters max

Carrier name

Site Name

String - 70 Characters max

Site / Test description

Feeder

String - 40 Characters max

Feeder description

User

String - 70 Characters max

User name / Initials

“Wireless Telecom Group”

String

For internal use

“PIM 31 Data Log”

String

For internal use

Cal date

YYYYMMDD

Date of Last Calibration

CHKSUM

XXX

For future use

SECTOR

String - 40 Characters max

Sector description.

BarGraph_RG

-XXX

Value of Bar Graph green /red threshold (–dBc).

RFON

String:

RF On time in seconds, 120m,180m or “Always On”

RECINTRV

String

Lists Recording interval time and units or “OFF”

ALC

String - 3 Characters max

“ON” or “OFF”

Added with firmware version 1.2 and later.

1m,2m,5m,10m,20m,30m,60m,

7.2.8 Log File Management

Element

Name

Description / Display

Copy location

Drive, directory and file name of the merged log data file.

when related log data are erased.

All measurements are stored in separate log files. When transferring files to an external drive (e.g. memory stick), all log data is merged into one file for ease of importing into databases and spreadsheets.

Default drive directory and file name of the merged log data-sets is:

D:\Site Info\PIM31_Site_all.log

The default setting can be overwritten when specific locations or filenames are required (requires keyboard).

7.2.9 Data Copy

Data copies selected log files to one merged log file at a particular directory.

Erase Yes/No Selects if log files are to be deleted after files have been

copied. Note: Historical site information is no longer available

Default: No

Site

Allows copying of log data from a specific Site or all

Sites the PIM 31 contains. Specific Sites can be

Default: Specific

History

Allows copying of log data recorded at specific dates

Default: Today

Copy

Executes copy process

Site

Opens Site Selection screen. to Data Menu after Return

Advanced

Opens Data Delete menu (allows deletion of log data without copying)

Default

Sets default values

Return

Returns to previous site.

selected via the Site Button Selection: Specific, All

Selection: Today, Specific, All, Date, Period Date or Period require entry in YY/MM/DD format. Press enter to store setting

Marked Site on Site Selection screen will be transferred

7.2.10 Data Delete Log Files

The Data Delete Menu allows the user to delete specific log files or all log files. In this mode the data is not copied before it is deleted so extreme care need to be taken because with lost log files, historical data of related sites is no long er available.

Element

Name

Description / Display

Carrier

Selection to erase log data of a specific Carrier, All

Default: None

Site

Selection to erase log data of a specific Site, all sites or

Default: None

History

Allows deletion of log data recorded at specific dates

Default: Today

Delete

Executes deletion

transferred to Data Delete Menu after Return

to Data Delete Menu after Return

Advanced

Opens Data Carrier & Site Delete menu

Default

Sets default values

Return

Returns to Data Copy site.

Carriers or none. Specific Carriers can be selected via the Carrier button Selection: None, Specific, All

none. Specific Sites can be selected via the Site button Selection: None, Specific, All

Selection: Today, Specific, All, Date, Period Date or Period require entry in YY/MM/DD format. Press enter to store setting

Carrier Opens Carrier Selection screen.

Marked Carrier on Carrier Selection screen will be

Site Opens Site Selection screen.

Marked Site on site Selection screen will be transferred

7.2.11 Data Delete Carrier & Site

Element

Name

Description / Display

Carrier

Selection to erase a specific Carrier, All Carriers or

Default: None

Site

Selection to erase a specific Site, all sites or none.

Default: None

Sites Only

Selection of only Sites are erased or both Sites and

Default: Sites only

Delete

Executes deletion of Sites / Sites & Carriers (all settings and data will be lost)

Carrier

Opens Carrier Selection screen.

Return

This Menu allows users to delete Sites and/or Carriers. After the deletion process, all Carrier and/or Site related settings and data, including log data, will be erased.

none. Specific Carriers can be selected via the Carrier button Selection: None, Specific, All

Specific Sites can be selected via the Site button Selection: None, Specific, All

Sites & Carriers

Carriers. Selection: Sites only, Sites & Carriers

Marked Carrier on Carrier Selection screen will be transferred to Data Site & Carries Delete Menu after

Site

Opens Site Selection screen.

Marked Site on site Selection screen will be transferred

to Data Site & Carrier Delete Menu after Return

Default

Sets default values

Return

Returns to Data Copy site.

7.3 System Menu

The System Menu provides information about the PIM31 test system. Information shown includes software version, hardware version, and memory space available for log data. This menu allows users to modify the default settings of the PIM31. The need to modifying basic settings may be required during regular testing. Advanced settings should only be modified by advanced operators since they influence how the PIM31 measures PIM.

System Information and Buttons

Note: This screenshot has been taken form a PIM31 S W Simulator running on a PC, therefore some values are displayed as 0s

Element

Name

Description / Display A

Model

Model type of PIMI31. .

TX Frequencies

Transmitting frequency range, tester type dependent

RX Frequencies

Receiving frequency range, tester type dependent D

SW Version

Software Version of PIM31

HW Version

Hardware version of PIM31

Operation System

Operation system and service pack used

Free Space

Memory space available for data logging.

Cal Date

Calibration Date of PIM31

Serial Number

Serial number of PIM 31:

Basic / Advanced

Toggles between Basic mode and Advanced

information.

Default

Sets default values.

Return

Returns to previous site.

mode: Basic mode: RF On Time, REC Interval Advanced mode: Access to all settings See chapter System Function Block for detailed

7.3.1.1 PIM 31 Memory Space

PIM 31 Passive intermodulation test systems come with a total of

5.75 GB of user accessible memory. This memory is used to store log data and site setup information. The average size of a Log data set is 250 Bytes. With a drive segmentation of 512 Byte per block, PIM 31 test systems can store more than 11 Million data sets.

7.3.2 System Menu Functional Block

7.3.2.1 RF ON TIME

By default, PIM 31 test systems will switch RF power off after 30mins. This prevents unnecessary transmission of RF power if the system has been left on unintended.

RF-ON periods: 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 20m, 60m, 120m, 360m or “Always On”.

Default: 30min

7.3.2.2 REC Interval

PIM 31 test systems record measurements whenever the Record button is pushed. Multiple pushes create multiple, corresponding individual log files. If measurements need to be analyzed over a longer of time, PIM 31 test systems can record log data automatically by setting the REC interval to a value other than “OFF”, which will record data automatically at the interval entered. When RF power is activated in the Field mode screen pressing the Record once starts recording, the second push stops recording. The Status Indicator field will show the REC symbol lit during recording. If RF power is switched off during recording, data logging stops.

REC Intervals: 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s, 20s, 30s, 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 15m, 30m, 1h, 2h, 5h, 12h, 24h and “OFF”,

Default: OFF

7.3.2.3 Filter BW

Advanced Mode Only. Default filter bandwidth of the PIM31 receiver is

1.2 kHz; which is the optimized setting for best performance. Increasing bandwidth opens the receiver, allowing to “see” if signals are present close to the receiving signal frequencies. If Change of Filter Bandwidth effects all IM frequencies that fall in the receiving range of the PIM31.Decreasing the filter bandwidth allows to eliminate unwanted signals very close to the receiving signal frequencies. Possibl e Filter BW settings are:

Filer BW: 300Hz, 600Hz, 1.2kHz, 2.4kHz,5kHz,10kHz, 12kHz, 15kHz ,25kHz 50kHz

Default:1.2 KHz

Note: Varying filter bandwidth influences the amount of RF energy measured by the PIM31 receiver.

Wider Filter BW measurement values increase

(lower negative number),

Tighter Filter BW measurement values decrease (higher negative

numbers).

7.3.2.4 SPU Time

Advanced Mode Only. SPU (Soft Power-Up) gradually ramps up the

RF output power, starti ng from 20d Bm , to the actual power level. When the PIM31 amplifiers switch the RF Power on, the full power is practically immediately present at the RF Port. Depending on the DUT, this can sometimes cause strong reflections. Antennas which are directly (only with a short cable) connected to the RF port of the PIM31

are prone to such reflections. If the returned energy is too high, PIM31 will switch off to protect its hardware. A remedy is to simply increasing RF power gradually.

SPU Time: Increments 1s, Settings range 0sec to 60sec

Default: 0s Example: With a power setting for 43dBm and SPU of 10s it takes 10 seconds to

ramp RF power up from 20dBm to 43dBm Note: PIM31 starts measuring immediately after RF power is present at

the RF Port. During the period power is ramping up, PIM measurements are lower than the ones at the final power level. Remember, PIM is measured in dBc – power relative to the carrier: Lower carrier power equals lower PIM readings.

To ensure users do not misinterpret a “good” reading during power ramp-up, a blinking “SPU” marker is shown during the time. Measurements

should not be considered valid when the red SPU indicator is flashing. Please wait for this indicator to disappear before considering the measurement valid.

7.3.2.5 BAR Graph G/R

Advanced Mode Only The Bar Graph’s green/red threshold is -153dBc

by default. The switch from green to red is an optical indicator if a DUT is within limits or if it exceeds them. PIM measurement values higher than the set threshold can provide an audible indicator. Obviously Audio has to be switched on in the Field Mode screen. Maxhold is an important feature which holds the maximum value during PIM measurements. In this example the maxhold value is -147 dBc.

Bar Graph g/r: -60dBc to 180dBc in 1dB increments

Default: -153 dBc

7.3.2.6 Precision Tx Levels

Advanced Mode Only ALC (Auto Level Control) provides an extra

boost of Tx Signal accuracy. When measuring PIM, two RF carrier signals are combined and transmitted into a passive RF component (DUT). Depending on its quality, the DUT generates more or less intermodulation energy. For best measurement accuracy the injected signals should closely match their power levels. With ALC: ON, the PIM31 will synchronize these power levels perfectly. Increased accuracy costs a bit more time. Setting Tx power levels with will 0.05 to 0.2 sec longer than with ALC: OFF. With the exception of high volume production, this additional time is not an issue, so it is recommended to always leave ALC ON.

Default: ON

7.4 Analyzer Mode

The Analyzer Mode of the PM 31 offers more possibilities to analyze PIM measurements. It contains of 3 Sub modes:

• Frequency

• Time

• Sweep

The Analyzer mode is selected by pressing the Analyzer button while in the Field Mode Screen. Returning to field mode is possible by pressing the return button. RF Power needs to be OFF

Frequency and power values can be set directly without utilizing Carrier or Site information. For larger display we recommend to use an external monitor.

As in the Field Mode, the Analyzer Mode allows to log data over a period of time. In this mode only the settings and measurement values are recorded. The analyzer mode allows taking screenshots. This is helpful due to the graphic display and measurement trac es. Anal yzing an image often reveals mor e det ai l s than analyzing numeric values.

For more information on data logging and screen shots see chapter “Pull-Down menus”.

Element

Name

Description / Display

Pull-Down menu

Allows Screenshots, data logging, and self test. For

more information refer to chapter Pull-Down

menus.

Carrier display

Carrier signal information: Frequencies, Power levels

Graphical display

Shows up to 4 IM signals as a vertical bar. Position

screen and drawing it to the desired location

Zoom Out

Allows modification of the range from -60 t o -200 resolution.

Tx/Rx

Shows internal communication activity to modules.

RF Power Button

Switches RF Power ON / OFF

power OFF.

Return

Brings PM 31 back to Field Mode. Works only when RF Power is OFF

Parameter Setting

Allows modification of frequencies and power Works only with RF Power OFF

on the x-axis indicates frequency and length indicates power level. Color of the bars refers to the colors of the numeric displays (N-Q). The graphical display is floating, meaning the center area can be moved for better convenience and visibility of important display information. Moving by touching grid part of the display and the

dBc to -100 to 200dBc, which provides a better

The Button inscription shows what happens if the button is pushed. In the shown screenshot RF power is ON, the next button push will switch RF

levels used in Analyzer Time and Frequency mode.

Reference Line

Moves reference line for audible indication of

measurements that exceed the limit. Same as

Range -60 to -200 dBc

Reference IM

Selects if particular IM products (faster) or All IM

show up to 4 IM signals at the same time.

Frequency

Graphic Display Frequency mode: IM signals frequency. Signal colors relate to numeric display

Time

Graphic display – Time Mode: IM signals shown as over time. Signal color relates to numeric display

Sweep

Graphic display Sweep mode. Signals are “swept” over a range to test wide frequency range

Numeric field 1

Strongest IM Signal in the receiver band frequency

Numeric field 2

Second strongest IM Signal in the receiver band frequency

Numeric field 3

Third strongest IM Signal in the receiver band frequency

Numeric field 4

Forth strongest IM Signal in the receiver band frequency

Green/Red threshold of Bar graph in field mode.

products (more comprehensive) that fall into the receiving band of the PIM31. The test system can

shown as vertical bar, indicating power and

moving horizontal line, indicating power (changes)

Information shown: Power (dBc & dBm) and IM

7.4.1 Frequency Mode

In Frequency mode IM products are displayed as vertical bars, where the positions indicate the frequencies and the length the power level. Up to 4 signals can be shown at the same time. Different colors are used when more IM products are shown. PIM products are also shown numerically, where the colors of the bars correlates with the colors of the 4 numeric displays.

7.4.2 Time Mode

In Time mode IM products are displayed as a horizontally moving line, where the position indicates the power level over the time. This display is very helpful to test immediate PIM variations, like loose connections. Any change is immediately visible. Time mode shows a 10 seconds window, but more information up to 10 minutes may be recorded. Move past traces to the window by touching, holding and drawing it to right until the wanted information is appears.

The screenshot shows two IM signals IM3 and IM5 With -149.0 dBc IM3 exceeds the reference limit of -153.0 dBc. IM5 measured -176.8 dBc. Frequency information of the IM signals is provided in the numeric displays. In this example (M3 is 846.5 MHz and IM5 824.0 MHz.

7.4.3 Sweep Mode

Element

Name

Description / Display

Pull-Down menu

Allows Screenshots, data logging, and self test. For menus”.

Carrier display

Carrier signal information: Frequencies, Power levels

Graphical display

Shows two traces (red / yellow) of an IM product

b) sweeping highest frequency carrier signal

IM products in linear environment are frequency independent. Many passive components show a frequency response that is less linear or strongly frequency dependent. The sweep mode increments / decrements carrier signals by 1 MHz. covering a Tx range that results in a sweep of the complete Rx frequency range. Any deviations of PIM measurements that are frequency dependent are immediately visible.

more information refer to chapter “Pull-Down

that are generated by a) sweeping the lowest frequency upwards – red trace and after that

downwards –yellow trace.

Increments are 1 MHz

screen and drawing it to the desired location

TX Range

Shows Range of up-sweep and down-sweep..

Tx/Rx

Shows internal communication activity to modules.

RF Power Button

Switches RF Power ON / OFF

power ON.

Return

Brings PM 31 back to Field Mode. Works only when RF Power is OFF

Parameter Setting

To set power levels for the sweep cycles:

(P) sets frequency ranges.

Reference Line

Moves reference line for audible indication of

Range -60 to -200 dBc

Frequency

Graphic Display Frequency mode: IM signals frequency. Signal colors relate to numeric display

Time

Graphic display – Time Mode: IM signals shown as over time. Signal color relates to numeric display

Sweep

Graphic display Sweep mode. Signals are “swept” over a range to test wide frequency range

Hold

Hold Off blue, On red. While sweeping, measurement can be held immediately.

Single

Single Off –Blue, On -red. Determines if a single sweep or continuous sweeps are measured.

100ms, range 10ms to 2000ms)

Freq Up/Down

Only for visualization of Tx sweep ranges

IM signals as a vertical bar. Position on the x-axis indicates frequency and length indicates power level. Color of the bars refers to the colors of the numeric displays (N-Q). The graphical display is floating, meaning the center area can be moved for better convenience and visibility of important display information. Moving by touching grid part of the display and the

The Button inscription shows what happens if the button is pushed. In the shown screenshot RF power is OFF, the next button push will switch RF

Menu comes up only with RF Power OFF Note: frequency setting in the parameter menu is not relevant for sweep measurements. Sweep Edit

Sweep Edit

measurements that exceed the limit. Same as Green/Red threshold of Bar graph in field mode.

shown as vertical bar, indicating power and

moving horizontal line, indicating power (changes)

Opens Sweep Edit menu, allowing to set: End of Lower Tx range, Start of Higher Tx range, Selection of measured IM (in case more than one are in the range), sweep increment time (default

Element

Name

Description / Display

Reference IM

Allows selection of IM product (in case more than one are in the swept range)

generate

Freq 2 Sweep

Start frequency of down-sweep generate

Sweep Cycle

Time between setting and measurement of increments

Set

Stores settings and returns to Analyzer Sweep Mode

Freq 1 Sweep

Start Frequency of up-sweep Default: lowest Tx frequency the tester can

Default: lowest Tx frequency the tester can

Note: Sweep mode requires setting the power levels (Parameter button) and also to define the sweep frequency range (Sweep Edit Button).

8 Pull Down Menus

Field

Mode

Analyzer

Mode

File

Start History Save

Stop History Save

X X

System Management

Self Test

PIMD management

Connection check *

Help

Contact information

Pull down Menus offer additional features and allow users to set some system parameters. They allow also performing a self test of the PIM31 test system.

Three Pull-Down menus are available:

• File

o Start History Save o Stop History Save o Screen Capture o Initialize Program o Quit

• System Management

o Self Test o PIMD management o Connection check *

Field Mode offers a subset of Pull-Down menus, Analyzer mode offers all of them. The features available in field mode

Screen Capture Initialize Program Quit

X X

*Connection check is for factory use only.

8.1 File

8.1.1 Start / Stop History Save

This feature allows users to log measurements over a period of time in Analyzer mode. The log files are stored in TSV (Tab Separated Value) ASCII text format. Values listed are:

Date, Time, Carrier1 (MHz), Carrier2 (MHz), Output Level1 (dBm), Output Level2 (dBm), Offset (dB), ALC On/Off, Screen Mode, IM Number (Order), IM Frequency (MHz), IM Measure(dBc), Direction, Measure Mode/Pass IM Level/decision

Note: PIM 31 does not support Offset, Measure Mode/Pass and IM Level/decision. This are reserved for other test systems. The log data will show a hyphen “-“in these columns. Direction is always reverse for PIM31 test systems.

Each log cycle requires manual start, entering a file name, and manual stop. File name directory and drive can be chosen at liberty.

8.1.2 Screen Capture / Print

This menu provides capabilities to capture a screen shot from any Graphical Display of the Analyzer Mode. Capturing a screen shot requires manual trigger, entering a file name, drive and directory. By default, the file name consist s of date and time, but can be modified by the user. The file is stored in jpeg format by pressing the blue save button. The stored file has a size of about 150kB. In addition to the graphic display and IM related information the scr ee n capt ure procedure allows the user to enter equipment information and a serial number for the DUT.

Note: Only the graphic display and relevant information is stored with the screen shot. Active measurements will be stopped during the screen capture process.

8.1.3 Initialize Program

8.1.4 Quit

Initialize should only be triggered if the system shows signs of irregular function. It sets system values to default values, manual settings may be lost.

Quit has the same functionality as Exit in the Field Mode. The user will be asked if he really wants to quit the PIM 31. If answered YES, the system will power down. Quit works only with RF power OFF

8.2 System Management

Name

Description

HPAx Output

RF Output power level (should be +/- 0.2 db within the set limits – ALC ON)

HPAx ON/OFF

Status of RF Power (ON/OFF)

HPAx Temperature

Temperature of amplifiers.

HPAx Over Power

Reverse Power

HPAx Temp Status

On Fail (too hot), System will shut down

locked

HPAx Reverse

Reverse PIM measurement blocks status

Local Osc Lock

Local Oscillator functionality

Fan Operating

Operation status of 6 fans

8.2.1 Self Check

Self check provides information about the PIM 31 test system. To allow the self check routine to test all modules, it needs to be performed with RF Power ON

Synthesizerx Lock

Synthesizers of Transmitter and Receiver

8.2.2 PIMD Management

Name

Description

Equipment Selection

Not relevant for PIM31, since these provide only one frequency band.

Filter Bandwidth

Default 1.2 kHz “System Menu”.

IM Level Sound

If ON, sound occurs when PIM level exceeds reference line.

SET

Stores settings

Returns To Analyzer Mode

PIMD management allows setting some system and measurement parameters. With the exception of Sound On /Off, it is not required to change these settings.

For further information refer to chapter

9 Remote Application and TCP/ IP Setup

PIM31 Remote Control Panel is the software to control the PIM31 unit from any PC using a TCP/IP cable connection. This section explains how to setup the PIM31 unit for TCP/IP from any PC and also the use of the remote application. The software can be downloaded from the Boonton official website under Products “Manuals & Software”.

9.1 Installation and connection setup for remote control:

9.1.1 Install PIM31 Remote Software

• Download the PIM31 Remote Control software from Boonton’s official website under product’s “Manuals & Software” section

• Follow screen instructions during the installation process

• Click on “Remote_ctr_V1.2.exe” icon from PC’s desktop to open the

software.

9.1.2 Known issues that might occur during installation on Windows OS:

Error message as “Component MSWINSCK.OCX or one of its dependencies not correctly registered: a file missing or invalid”. If you do not see this message continue with 9.1.3

Solution:

• Search internet or oth e r comput ers for the missing windows system file “MSWINSCK.OCX”,

• Download and save that file into your PC under any folder

• Copy the file into Windows System32 folder

C:/Windows/System32/

• Click the executable file “Remote_ctr_V1.2.exe” again

9.1.3 Setting IP address of PIM31

• Go to the “Control Panel” of the PIM31’s desktop screen and open the “Network Connections” icon.

• Right click the “Local Area Connection” icon and open the properties window.

• Select the “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” from the list and enter the IP address in input field.

• Check “Use the following IP address”

• Enter IP Address: 192.168.0.10 (for example)

(The last number can be any number between 0 and 254 but should be higher than that of the PC’s IP address)

• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

• Press OK button when done

9.1.4 Connecting PIM31 and PC.

Connect the PIM31 unit to a PC with a regular LAN cable (not crossed type).

9.1.5 Setting IP Address of PC

• Go to “Control Panel”, find & open the “Network Connections” icon.

• Right click the “Local Area Connection” and open t he properties window.

• Select the “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” from the list and enter the IP

address in input field.

• Enter IP Address: 192.168.0.1 (for example) (the last number should be lower than the same of PIM31 IP address)

• Enter Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

• Gateway: (Leave it as blank because it does not affect the operation)

9.1.6 Check the network connection status of PIM31 and PC

The network connection status for both PIM31 and the PC can be verified by following as below:

a. Tray icon on the status bar. b. Check the normal status with clicking the network icon.

Note: Connecting PIM31 and PC will disconnect Wireless link of the PC.

9.2 Using PIM31 Remote Application:

Before using the remote application the following default settings for both IP address and port nu mber need to be verified.

9.2.1 Enter IP address and Port

• Open the “PIM31 Remote Control” software from desktop

• Verify that the IP Address is same as PIM31:

Default : 192.168.0.10

• Enter Port 3100

• Press”Connect” button.

The “Equipment Get” buttons is now enabled

• With proper connection PIM31 should now show “Remote Control” on its screen

• Press “Equipment Get” button. The model is now shown in the Eq uipment field and the settings of equipment are shown as well.

• Change settings by overwriting the relevant fields and push “Set” button.

• Pressing “RF ON” activates the RF and measurements are done

automatically.

• “RSSI” can be pushed while RF is off

9.2.2 List of remote commands

Below are the lists of remote commands which can be executed remotely either by using Telnet or HyperTerminal with a regular type of LAN cable connection to the PIM31 unit. It is recommended to add “\r\n” at the end of each remote command if proprietary applications to execute the following commands are used. This avoids problems to complete the command executions.

Command Parameter Return value Unit Description *IDN? Product, Model *RST

F1 F2 P1 P2

SET

GET

ALC

BW index 1,0 1:True , 0:False

STAtus

F1 Frequency MHz F2 Frequency MHz P1 Power dBm P2 Power dBm ALC BW RF ERRor

PIM

RSSI

Frequency Frequency Power Power ON, 1 OFF,0

ON, 1 1,0 1:True , 0:False OFF,0 1,0 1:True , 0:False

1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

F1,F2,P1,P2, ALC,BW,RF

1,0 index 1,0 Last Error PIM, Order,

IM Frequency RSSI

MHz MHz dBm dBm

1:True , 0:False(Out of Range) 1:True , 0:False(Out of Range) 1:True , 0:False(Out of Range) 1:True , 0:False(Out of Range) 1:True , 0:False 1:True , 0:False

Error Log of Last command

10 PIM31 Repor ter Software

PIM31 Data Manager creates report fil es in a PDF format . T his so f t ware allows to conveniently generating report files after collecting measurement data from a multitude of base stations and locations. This applicati on can be downloaded from Boonton’s official website under product’s “Manuals & Software” section.

Note: To be processed, PIM31 log data has to be stored on a USB memory stick connected to one of the PC’s USB ports.

10.1 Installation

• During installation the user need to select the option to include PDF creator software which comes free with this installation file.

• Check the box during installation progress for PDF creator as below

10.2 PIM 31 Reporter settings

• Copy the log file from the PIM31 unit by using any USB memory stick and transfer them into the PC by creating any folder

• Select the “Load Data” button from the PIM31 Data Management Software in order to open the collected log file.

• Open the collected log file name from the folder location of your PC.

• File Menu “PDF File Name” allows selecting desired naming conventions

for the PDF report file.

• Select the measurement(s) you want to have as PDF report by checking the appropriate box (es).

• “Store PDF” creates and stores a PDF report file. It c an be saved at any folder location of your PC.

The example on the next page shows a typical report file.

11 What is PIM?

PIM distortion is caused by non-linear mixing of two or more frequencies in passive devices like cables and connectors. Ideal passive devices are considered linear. In reality any linear component has a non-linear factor that can cause PIM distortion. For optimal operation of RF systems, PIM has to be kept at a very low level that has virtually no influence on the network operation. PIM signals are generally unwanted because they can interfere with si gnals in a receive path.

11.1 What Causes PIM?

Passive intermodulation can be caused by a variety of factors. PIM distortion is often the result of flaws in component design and manufacturing processes. PIM distortion may also be caused by wear and tear on components due to mechanical constraints or environmental conditions.

11.1.1 Manufacturing & Design

• Use of ferromagnetic materials, such as nickel or steel, within the current path. Especially at higher power levels, PIM can be generated due to hysteresis effect of these materials and the non-linear voltage to current ratio.

• Contaminations, like particles from machining operations or soldering splatters that touch current carrying surfaces.

• Separation of current carrying contact zones through irregular contact surfaces, corrosion and insufficient contact pressure.

• Dissimilar metals at contact areas.

• Insufficient thickness of plated metal causing RF heating through the skin

effect of RF.

• Bad solder joints.

11.1.2 Mechanical

• Poor mechanical alig nmen t of co mponents

• Too much or too little torque at connections

• Contaminated connectors

11.1.3 Environment

• Daily temperature variations, thermal loading by the sun and RF heating vary junctions and can cause, often intermittent, PIM distortions.

• Wind-induced vibrations vary junctions, and can weaken or break down joints.

• Airborne dirt and moisture cause oxidation of materials and cause PIM distortion.

The antenna in the picture shows oxidation within the power divider. Tests with vector analyzer line sweep test would not reveal the problem; however PIM testing detected the issue immediately

11.2 How to test PIM

PIM testing for field appli ca ti ons req ui r es the i nj ect ion of two CW signals (f1 and f2) into a system under test. Intermodulation products (IM) of the 3rd, 5th, 7th… order, caused by faulty components, appear immediately. The strongest intermodulation product is usually that of the 3rd order (IM3). Frequencies of these intermodulatio n pr oduct s can be calculated as follows:

= (2 x f1) – f2

IM3L

= (2 x f2) – f1

IM3H

The picture below shows an example of passive intermodulation. Frequencies f1 (869 MHz) and f2 (894 MHz) are located in the Tx range, causing intermodulation fIM3L (844 MHz) and fIM3H (919 MHz). Both IM products can cause serious interference.

A visual example of intermodulation caused by two CW signals. Ideally, test

frequencies f1 and f2 should be at the edge of the transmit guard bands, so that the IM3 products f

IM3L

and f

fall at the edge of the receive band(s), usually

IM3H

utilized as guard bands. This minimizes interference within the system under test and also eliminates potential interference in other wireless bands

IM3 serves as an example. With IM3 as a result of PIM, other IM products (IM5, IM7, IM9, IM11, …) will be present as well, and can impact base station performance significantly.

12 PIM 31 Technic al Inform a t ion

12.1 Tester Types

PIM 31 Type Tx Band Rx Band Technology

F01 869-896 MHz 824-851 MHz CDMA (850)

F02 925-960 MHz 880-915 MHz E-GSM (900)

F03 1805-1880 MHz 1710-1785 MHz DCS (1800)

F04 1930-1990 MHz 1850-1910 MHz PCS (1900)

F05 2110-2170 MHz 1920-2060 MHz

F06 935-960 MHz 890-915 MHz GSM (900)

F07U 730-759 MHz 776-788 MHz LTE-US (700-U)

F07L 730-759 MHz 701-716 MHz LTE-US (700-L)

F07UL 730-759 MHz

F08 2010-2025 MHz 1900-1920 MHz TD-SCDMA (2000)

F09 2010-2155 MHz 1710-1755 MHz AWS

F10 2620-2690 MHz 2500-2570 MHz IMT-E (2600)

776-788 MHz 701-716 MHz

UMTS/WCDMA

(2100)

LTE-US (700_UL)

12.2 Specifications (Data Sheet)

12.2.1 Transmitter Specification

Carrier Power Adjustable Level +20 to + 44 dBm Carrier Power Resolution / Accuracy 0.25 dB / ±0.35 dB Frequency Range see version table Frequency Increment 200 kHz Frequency Accuracy (typical) 2 ppm Frequency Tuning Lock Time (typical) 1 ms Reverse Power Protection 43 dBm / 5 sec (Include ON/OFF Func ti on)

12.2.2 Receiver Specifications

Reverse IM -132 dBm / -175 dBc Accuracy ±0.35 dB Average Noise Floor -138 dBm (1.2 k filter) Dynamic Range (typical) 96 dB (reference -90 dBm) Measurement Interval 100 to 350 ms Effective IF Bandwidth 300, 600, 1.2k, 2.4k, (Operator selectable) 5k, 10k, 12k, 15k, 25k 50kHz Operational Input Power - 45 dBm RMS Input Power without damage - 10 dBm max Warm-Up Time for specified acc ur acy 5 minutes

12.2.3 System Specifications

RF Connector DIN 7-16 (3) USB ports VGA output REF Out 10MHz User Interface Display 7” TFT with touch screen display IM Measurement Alarms Audio / visual Operating Voltage 90 to 264 V (50-60 Hz) Power requirements 750 VA max

12.2.4 Environmental

Operating Temperature 0° to 40°C 32° to 104°F Humidity (non-condensing) 85% RH Max Altitude 2000 Meters / 6560 ft

12.2.5 Dimensions and Weight

All types except F02 and F07UL

Dimensions (W/D/H) 396 x 521 x 236 (mm)

15.6 x 20.5 x 9.3 (in) Weight: 23.8 kg / 52.3 lb

F02

Dimensions (W/D/H) 396 x 602 x 236 (mm)

15.6 x 23.7 x 9.3 (in) Weight (P IM31-F02) 25.3 kg / 55.7 lb

F07UL

Dimensions (W/D/H) 396 x 602 x 274 (mm)

15.6 x 23.7 x 10.8 (in) Weight 31.2 kg / 68.5 lb

13 Maintenance

13.1 Block Diagram

13.2 Performance Check

To maintain maximum performance, it is highly recommended to conduct a basic test of the PIM31 on a daily basis.

The following components ar e req uir ed for th e perf or mance test :

• Low-IM Termination Load (Boonton 50 W Low PIM Load)

• Low PIM Cable

Install the test set-up as shown:

13.2.1 Testing Analyzer operation status

• Connect the Low PIM Load to a PIM 31 test system with torque wrench

• Set PIM 31 to Analyzer Mode

• Set the frequencies o f carr i er sig nal s 1 and 2.

• Set the power levels to 43 dBm (20W) – with ALC: ON

• Switch RF Power ON

• The PIM Signal(s) should be at a level below -160 dBc .

If the reading is higher (lower negative value), switch RF OFF, disconnect connections and re-connect them. Repeat test If the reading is still above -160dBc replace low PIM cable and retest.

Hint: Low PIM cables wear out with use. If a cable does not longer perform in the desired way, dispose of it and replace it with a new cable. Worn out cables can cause unnecessary work and costs. Trying to repair a base station with a worn out cable will lead to no avail.

• Switch “RF Power OFF

• Set the PIM 31 to Field Mode

• Since the PIM 31 test system is connected to a low PIM load (not to an

active antenna), the RSSI value shows the noise floor of the instrument.

• RSSI should

be below -130dBm

13.3 Performance Verification

Performance Verification measures output signals and frequency accuracy / selectivity of the PIM31.

13.3.1 Tx Signal Power Level

The following components ar e required for the performance verification.

• 50W Low-PIM Termination Load (Boonton 95960501A)

• Low PIM Cable (Boonton: 95960401A)

• High Power coupler 30dB coupling (with known linearity)

• RF Power Meter (Boonton 4540 w/ Sensor 51071A)

Install the test set-up as shown:

• Connect the Coupler, Low PIM Load a nd Po wer Meter to the PIM 31 test system (use torque wrench)

• Set the PIM 31 to Analyzer Mode

• Set frequencies of carrier signals 1 and 2 to the start and end frequency of

the provided frequency band.

• Set the power level of each signal to 40 dBm (20W) – with ALC: ON

• Switch RF Power ON

• With offset compensation of the coupler (30dB) the power meter should

read 43dBm +/- 1.0dB

If the reading deviates, switch RF power OFF, disconnect connections, reconnect and repeat the test.

If the reading is off by more than 1 dBm, the deviation could be caused by an malfunctioning attenuator or amplifier in the PIM 31 Test System. In this case, contact your nearest Boonton Service Center .

With the reading within limits, continue procedure:

• Increase Signal Levels by 1dB,

• Measure power

• Repeat until Signal Levels are both at 43dBm.

• With offset compensation of the coupler (30dB) the power meter should

read now: 46dBm +/- 1.0dB

• Switch “RF Power OFF

13.3.2 Tx Signal Frequency

In order to measure the accuracy of carrier frequencies, use the foll owing components and equipment.

• Spectrum Analyz er

• High power coupler 30 dB

• 50W Low PIM Load

Install the test set-up as shown:

• Connect the Coupler, Low PIM Load a nd Sp ect r um Analyzer to the PIM 31 test system (use torque wrench)

• Set Spectrum Analyzer to proper measurement range

• Set the PIM 31 to Analyzer Mode

• Set the frequencies o f carr i er sig nal s 1 and 2 to the start and end

frequency of the provided frequency band.

• Set the power level of each signal to 40 dBm (20W) – with ALC: ON

• Switch RF Power ON

• Spectrum analyzer should show both PIM 31 frequencies with +/-200 kHz

accuracy.

If the reading deviates, switch RF power OFF, disconnect connections, reconnect and repeat the test.

If the reading is off by more than 200 kHz, it may be an indication that the synthesizer module is malfunctioning. In this case, contact your nearest Boonton Service Center .

With the reading in limits, continue procedure:

• Increase on F1 Signal frequency by 1MHz

• Measure both frequen ci es

• Repeat the process you are no longer able to increase the signal

frequency F1

• If done, set F1 back to start frequency

• Decrease F2 by 1 MHz

• Measure both frequen ci es

• Repeat the process you are no longer able to decrease the signal

frequency F2

• Switch “RF Power OFF

13.3.1 Rx Power and Receiving Frequency

The following measurements have to be executed with utmost care:

If too much power is applied to the PIM31 test system, the receiver module will be damaged

If the RF output power of the PIM31 is accidentally switched ON, it . will damage the Signal Generator .

In order to measure the accuracy and frequency selectivity of the receiver, the following components and

• Signal Generator

Install the test set-up as shown:

• Set the PIM31 to Field Mode

• Set frequencies of carrier signal 1 and 2 to the start and end frequency of

the provided frequency band.

• Set the power level of each signal to 20 dBm (100mW) – with ALC: ON

• Set the Filter bandwidth of the PIM31 to 1.2 kHz (default).

• To avoid damage, RF Power of the PIM 31 must be OFF

• Set Signal Generator to IM3 frequency.

• Apply signal to PIM 31 (-60dBm to -120dBm)

• RSSI should measure the applied power

• If the reading is off by more than +/- 0.5 dB but not worse than

+/-15 dB, it may be an indication that receiver is out of calibration. If the measurement shows a level lower than

-125dBm, the receiver does not detect the frequency at all. It may be asynchronous. In the cases described above, contact your nearest Boonto n Ser vice Center .

With the reading in limits, continue procedure:

• Change the frequency of the RF Generator by 2.5 kHz.

• The receiver will filter the signal out and the RSSI reading of PIM31

should be lower than -125dBm.

With the reading in limits, continue procedure:

• Increase the PIM 31 Signal frequency F1 by 1 MHz

• Set Signal Generator to the frequency that correlates to the IM3 product of

frequencies F1 and F2

• Read the RSSI on PIM31; the value should be equal to +/-1 dB of Signal Generator’s Power level

• Repeat the process you are no longer able to increase the signal frequency F1 due to band restrictions

• If done, set F1 back to start frequency

• Decrease PIM31 Signal frequency F2 by 1 MHz

• Set Signal Generator to Frequency that results for IM3 product of

frequencies F1 and F2

• Read RSSI on PIM31; value should be +/-1 dB of to Signal Generator’s Power level

• Repeat the process you are no longer able to decrease the signal frequency F2

• Set PIM 31 Signal frequencies F1 and F2 back to Start and End frequencies of PIM31 band.

• Set Signal Generator to Frequency that results for IM3 product of frequencies F1 and F2

• Read the RSSI value on PIM31; the value should be equal to +/-1 dB of the Signal Generator’s Power level .

• Change the power level of the Signal Generator by 5dB. Never exceed -60dBm

• Read RSSI on PIM31; value should be equal to +/-1 dB of the Signal Generator’s Power level .

• Repeat until power level range of -60dBm to -120dBm has been covered

• Switch RF Signal of Signal Generator OFF

If the readings from the previously listed procedures deviate by more than +/- 1 dB, contact your nearest Boonton Service Center .

14 Accessories

Test Cable for 20W PIM tester 3m (10ft) - Low PIM,

95960401A Load 50W - Low PIM, DIN7/16 (m) - DIN7/16(f)

95960501A

PIM Source for 20W PIM tester - through technology

95960601A Connector Saver DIN7/16(m)-DIN7/16(f)

95951101A

Adaptor 7/16 (f) - 7/16 (f), low PIM

95950301A

Adaptor 7/16 (f) - N (m), low PIM

95950401A

VZW Torque Wrench 18lbs

95951001A

PIM Source for 20W PIM tester - through technology

95960601A

Transit Case 1 for PIM31 with standard size body, holds also

95960701A

Transit Case 2 for PIM31 with extended size body, (e.g. F02

95960801A Accessory Bag

70047300A

Roll-up Keyboard (USB)

48401100A

USB Mouse

48401200A

DIN7/16(m)-DIN7/16(m)

(requires termination load)

accessories & cable

& F07UL) holds also cable

Appendix A

Warranty Statement

Boonton Electronics warrants the PIM 31to the original Purchaser to be free from defects in material and workmanship and to operate within applicable specifications for a period of two years from date of shipment. Test cable(s) and connector savers are not covered under warranty. Boonton Electronics further warrants that its instruments will perform within all current specifications under normal use and service for two years from date of shipment. These warranties do not cover sealed assemblies which have been opened, or any item which has been repaired or altered without Boonton’s authorization. Boonton’s warranties are limited to either the repair or replacement, at Boonton’s option, of any product found to be defective under the terms of these warranties. There will be no charge for parts and labor during the warranty period. The Purchaser shall prepay inbound shipping charges to Boonton or its designated service facility and shall return the product in its original or an equivalent shipping container. Boonton or its designated service facility shall pay shipping charges to return the product to the Purchaser for domestic shipping addresses. For addresses outside the United States, the Purchaser is responsible for prepaying all shipping charges, duties and taxes (both inbound and out b oun d) .

At Boonton's option, an extended Warranty period may be available for an additional charge. Please contact one of our sales offices for further information. If an extended warranty option has been purchased, the extended period is substituted for the 2 year period above. Note that the extended warranty does not extend the instrument's calibration interval past 12 months. The instrument must be maintained in a calibrated (instrument having received calibration or verification at recommended interval) state throughout the warranty period to be eligible for warranty service to remedy "out of spec" operation.

Instrument Verification Definition:

Instrument verification is comprised of the following: Inspection: Each unit is inspected for damage and wear and tear. Key

functions are checked. The inspection is carried out both external and internally. Any damaged or malfunction is noted on the service report, providing the user with an overview of the equipment’s status .

Maintenance: Units sent in for verification undergo a standard maintenance

procedure. The instrument is cleaned of dust and marks on both the inside and outside. Most Boonton testers have EMI protection cover and screen can impair visibility. Fans and filters are cleaned to enhance cooling and the device’s lifespan.

Verification: All specified values which can deviate over time are checked.

This includes all paths a signal can take for m easur ement.

Instrument Calibration Definition:

Instrument calibration is comprised of Instrument Verification PLUS the following: Alignment: If equipment has drifted out of verification limits then the

instrument will be aligned. Alignment tunes the unit into the center of these verification limits. This results in maximum measurement precision. Only Boonton, as manuf actur er has the competence necessary to provide such alignment.

Documentation: Together with the calibrated instrument the user receives

documents which certify and describe the status of this instrument. The Calibration Certification declares the conformity of the unit with published specifications. A Calibration Report shows all test points with rated value, verification limit and measurement uncertainty. The service report provides the user with status of his instrument.

Appendix B

EC Declaration of Conformity

EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

25 Eastmans Road

Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA

Manufacturer: Boonton Electronics Equipment Type: PASSIVE INTERMODULATION ANALYZER Model No(s): PIM 31

Boonton Electronics hereby declares that the above described

product(s) conforms to European community (EC) Council Directiv es 89/336/EEC//93/68/EEC and Standards: Test Cert Number CPS

A0136869

Issue Date: 04/15/10 Issue Place: Parsippany, NJ, USA

Dom A Lauria

Quality Assurance Manager

Appendix C

Special Units Packing List

PIM31-F01 S/1 1 Instrument 869-896 MHz

99770102A 1 Base Instrument PIM31-F01 48401100A 1 Roll-up Keyboard 48401200A 1 USB Mouse 95951101A 1 Connector Saver 56810400A 1 Power Cord 98906200A 1 PIM31 Manual

PIM31-F04 S/1 1 Instrument

99770402A 1 Base Instrument PIM31-F01 48401100A 1 Roll-up Keyboard 48401200A 1 USB Mouse 95951101A 1 Connector Saver 56810400A 1 Power Cord 98906200A 1 PIM31 Manual

PIM31 Accessory Kit S/1

95960701A 1 PIM 31 Transit Case 95960501A 1 50W Low PIM Load 95960601A 1 PIM Source 20 W through 95960401A 1 Test Cable 3M 7/16M-7/16M 95951001A 1 Torque Wrench 18 Ft/lbs 95951101A 2 Connector Saver 95950301A 1 Adaptor 7/16 (f) - 7/16 (f), low PIM 95950401A 1 Adaptor 7/16 (f) – N (m), low PIM 95951401A 1 Adaptor 7 /16 (f) – N (f), low PIM

Appendix D

Number

Element

Description

Power Switch

Functions similar to a PC:

must be in ON position.

PIM31-F07-UL Operation

This section describes the operation and functionalities of the PIM31-F07-UL PIM Analyzer which are relevant to this particular model only. All other information regarding safety and precautions are identical to other PIM31 models, and are described in chapter 2 of this instruction manual. The unit has a single, Analyzer mode of operation, displaying frequency, time and sweep functions.

PIM31-F07-UL Front Panel

One short push – PIM31 powers up. Another short push – controlled power down. Holding for 3 seconds – powers unit down immediately. See also chapter Powering PIM31 up/down. Note: Main Power Switch on the back

USB Ports (3)

USB ports for mouse, keyboar d and memory stick.

LAN connector

For factory use only.

RF Port w/ protection

cap

RF Port. is not in use.

Audio

Loudspeaker for audio si g nal s .

Touch Screen

Touch screen display 800x600. on the screen.

RF Power On

RF power light indicates when RF Power is present.

Type Label

Provides information about PIM31 Tx/Rx frequency bands.

Front Panel Air

Always allow for proper airflow, and sucked in.

Always use protection cap when PIM31

Display

Vents

PIM31-F07-UL Back Panel

Never use sharp objects to push buttons

prevent alien objects or dust from bei ng

Number

Element

Description

Main Power supply

AC Supply: 90-264V, 7 50W / 750VA

use 90 deg connector only.

Fuse: 4A / 230V or 8A / 110V.

Main Power Switch

PIM31 contains protection circuitry to control

Power Button to power the system down.

10 MHz Reference out

10 MHz reference output to synchronize external equipment.

Air Flow Fan

Always ensure sufficient air flow.

Air Flow Fan

Always ensure sufficient air flow.

RF power during operation and during power on/off cycles. After switching Main Power Switch on, wait 2 seconds before pushing Front Power Button. Fans may briefly run after power off. Note: Do not use Main Power Switch while system is in operation mode as vital files may be corrupted. Always use the Front

Getting Started

(1) Powering Up:

PIM 31 test systems power up in a similar fashion to a desktop PC. However, there is one exception: Significant RF power has to be controlled and managed. For this reason, PIM 31 Series instruments contain a system to protect the hardware and prevent unusual on / off cycles (such as 3 cycles per second). When operated normally, the user will not be aware of these protective measures.

• Briefly press the start button on the front panel.

100

Boonton PIM 31 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SAFETY SUMMARY

2.1 SYMBOLS

2.2 DISCLAIMER

2.3 POWER REQUIREMENTS

2.4 PIM 31 SERIES PACKING LIST

3 PIM 31 ELEMENTS

3.1 PIM 31 FRONT PANEL

3.2 PIM 31 BACK PANEL

4 PRECAUTIONS

4.1 USING HIGH PERFORMANCE RF ACCESSORIES

4.2 USING HIGH PERFORMANCE RF CABLES

5 POWERING PIM 31 UP/DOWN

5.1 Powering UP

5.2 POWERING DOWN

6 GETTING STARTED

6.1 THE FIRST MEASUREMENT

7 PIM 31 OPERATION

7.1.1 Operations Menu Tree

7.2 FIELD MODE

7.2.1 Field Mode Elements

7.2.2 Carrier Entry

7.2.3 Site Entry

7.2.4 Comments

7.2.5 History Screen

7.2.6 Data Management

7.2.7 Log Files and Content

7.2.8 Log File Management

7.2.9 Data Copy

7.2.10 Data Delete Log Files

7.3 System Menu

7.3.1.1 PIM 31 Memory Space

7.3.2 System Menu Functional Block

7.3.2.2 REC Interval

7.3.2.3 Filter BW

7.3.2.4 SPU Time

7.3.2.5 BAR Graph G/R

7.4 Analyzer Mode

7.4.1 Frequency Mode

7.4.2 Time Mode

7.4.3 Sweep Mode

8 Pull Down Menus

8.1 File

8.1.1 Start / Stop History Save

8.1.2 Screen Capture / Print

8.1.4 Quit

8.2 System Management

8.2.1 Self Check

9 Remote Application and TCP/ IP Setup

9.1 Installation and connection setup for remote control:

9.1.1 Install PIM31 Remote Software

9.1.2 Known issues that might occur during installation on Windows OS:

9.1.3 Setting IP address of PIM31

9.1.4 Connecting PIM31 and PC.

9.1.5 Setting IP Address of PC

9.1.6 Check the network connection status of PIM31 and PC

9.2 Using PIM31 Remote Application:

9.2.1 Enter IP address and Port

9.2.2 List of remote commands

10 PIM31 Repor ter Software

10.1 Installation

10.2 PIM 31 Reporter settings

11 What is PIM?

11.1 What Causes PIM?

11.1.1 Manufacturing & Design

11.1.2 Mechanical

11.1.3 Environment

11.2 How to test PIM

12 PIM 31 Technic al Inform a t ion

12.1 Tester Types

12.2 Specifications (Data Sheet)

12.2.1 Transmitter Specification

12.2.2 Receiver Specifications

12.2.3 System Specifications

12.2.4 Environmental

12.2.5 Dimensions and Weight