Bird Technologies 8201 User Manual

INSTRUCTION BOOK

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

TERMALINE®COAXIAL

LOAD RESISTOR

MODELS 8201 & 8203

Electronic Corporation

Cleveland (Solon) Ohio USA

©Copyright 1998 by Bird Electronic Corporation

Instruction Book Part Number 920-8201/03 Rev. A

Termaline® is a Registered Trademark

of Bird Electronic Corporation

Safety Precautions

The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily related
to any specific part or procedure and do not necessarily appear elsewhere in
this publication.

Keep Away From Live Circuits

Operating personnel must at all times observe general safety precautions. Do
not replace components or make adjustments inside equipment with the high
voltage supply turned on. To avoid casualties, always remove power.

Do Not Service or Adjust Alone

Under no circumstances should any person reach into an enclosure for the
purpose of service or adjustment of equipment except in the presence of some­one who is capable of rendering aid.

Shock Hazard

Do not attempt to disconnect an RF transmission or any other high voltage
line while power is present. Radiated RF power is a potential health hazard.

Resuscitation

Personnel working with or near high voltage should be familiar with modern
methods of resuscitation.

Safety Symbols

WARNING

Warning notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly

performed, could result in personal injury.

CAUTION

Caution notes call attention to a procedure which, if not correctly

performed, could result in damage to the instrument.

This symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is
important information in the instruction manual regarding
that particular area.

+

Note: Calls attention to supplemental informa­tion.

i

Warning Statements

The following safety warnings will appear in the text and are repeated here
for emphasis.

WARNING

When power is in the upper range of the load’s capacity, the radiator

will become hot - care should be used in touching the equipment.

WARNING

Do not attempt to disconnect these loads from the coaxial cable while

RF energy is still being applied. Leaking RF power is a potential

health hazard.

Caution Statements

The following equipment cautions appear in the text and are repeated here
for emphasis.

CAUTION

The load is designed for operation in a horizontal plane only, with

mounting brackets down. Do not operate in any other position.

CAUTION

Do not operate this equipment continuously above the rated 500 W for

Model 8201, or 600 W for Model 8203. Load failure will result.

Safety Statements

USAGE

ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT
SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR
THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.

USO

EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO
ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE
ANULAR LA PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL
INSTRUMENTO.

BENUTZUNG

WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET
ALS VOM HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE
GERÄTESICHERHEIT BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.

ii

UTILISATION

TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI
N’EST PAS EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRI­CANT PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PRO­TECTION DE L’INSTRUMENT.

IMPIEGO

QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE
UTILIZZATO IN MODO DIVERSO DA COME
SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE LA PROZIONE DI
SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE COMPROMESSA.

SERVICE

SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY SER­VICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID DAN­GEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY
SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.

SERVICIO

LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO
EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO
CAPACITADO. PARA EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE
DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO REALICE NINGÚN
SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ CAPACITADO PARA
HACERIO.

WARTUNG

ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES
GELTEN NUR FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.

ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE
SCHOCKS, SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN
AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON QUALIFIZIERTEM
SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.

ENTRENTIEN

L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT
ÊTRE RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX
OPÉRATIONS D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN
CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE DANGEREUX, NE PAS
EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A PAS ÉTÉ
QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE.

iii

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

ASSISTENZA TECNICA

LE ISTRUZIONI RELATIVE ALL’ASSISTENZA SONO
PREVISTE ESCLUSIVAMENTE PER IL PERSONALE
OPPORTUNAMENTE ADDESTRATO. PER EVITARE
PERICOLOSE SCOSSE ELETTRICHE NON
EFFETTUARRE ALCUNA RIPARAZIONE A MENO CHE
QUALIFICATI A FARLA.

iv

About this Manual

This instruction book covers the Models 8201 and 8203 Termaline Load Re­sistors.

This instruction book is arranged so that essential information on safety is
contained in the front of the book. Reading the Safety Precaution section be­fore operating the equipment is strongly advised.

The remainder of this Instruction Book is divided into chapters and sections.

Operation

First time operators should read Chapter 1 - Introduction, Chapter 2 - Theory
of Operation, and Chapter 3 - Installation, to get an overview of equipment
capabilities and how to install it. An experienced operator can refer to Chap­ter 4 - Operating Instructions. All instructions necessary to operate the
equipment, are contained in this section.

Maintenance

All personnel should be familiar with calibration and repair information
found in Chapter 5 - Maintenance. If a failure should occur, the troubleshoot­ing section will aid in isolating and repairing the failure.

Parts

For location of major assemblies or parts refer to the part lists and associated
drawings in Chapter 5.

Changes To This Manual

We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you should
discover any errors, or if you have suggestions for improving this manual,
please send your comments to our factory. This manual may be periodically
updated. When inquiring about updates to this manual refer to the part num­ber and revision level on the title page.

v

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

vi

Table Of Contents

Safety Precautions. .......................i

Warning Statements. ....................ii

Cautions Statements. ....................ii

Safety Statements .....................ii

About This Manual .....................v

Introduction. ..........................1

Purpose and Function. ...................1

Description. ........................1

Performance and Capabilities. ................1

Dimensions and Weight. ...................2

Power and Utility Requirements. ...............2

Environmental Requirements. .................2

Items Supplied. ......................2

Items Required. ......................2

Tools and Test Equipment...................2

Specifications. .......................3

Theory of Operation. ......................5

General. .........................5

Cooling. .........................5

Installation. ..........................7

Location. .........................7

Mounting. .........................7

Operating Instructions. .....................9

Use and Function of Controls. ................9

vii

Initial Adjustments. .....................9

Start-up. .........................9

Normal Operation. .....................9

Operating Under Emergency, Adverse, or Abnormal Conditions....9

Shutdown. ........................10

Emergency Shutdown. ...................10

Maintenance. .........................11

Cleaning. ........................11

Inspection. ........................12

Preventive Maintenance. ..................12

DC Resistance. ......................12

Disassembly...........................13

RF Connector Replacement..................13

Diaphragm and Coolant Oil. .................13

RF Load Resistor Assembly. ................13

Assembly. ...........................14

RF Connector. ......................14

Diaphragm and Coolant Oil. .................14

RF Load Resistor Assembly. ................14

Repairs.............................14

Preparation For Shipment. .................15

Storage. .........................15

Customer Service. .......................15

Sales /Repair Facilities....................15

Sales Facilities. ......................15

Replacement Parts List. .....................16

viii

Chapter 1

Introduction

This publication refers to the Termaline Load Resistors
Models 8201 and 8203. The differences between the models
are listed in the specifications. Both models will generally
be referred to as a load throughout this manual.

Purpose and

Function

These loads are portable, general purpose 50 ohm coaxial
transmission line terminations. They are self-contained
units requiring no outside power source or additional equip­ment. The Model 8201 load provides an accurate, depend­able, and practically nonreflective termination for testing
and adjusting transmitters under nonradiating conditions
from dc to 2500 MHz and the Model 8203 from dc to 1000
MHz.

Some examples of the uses of these loads are:

As a substitute antenna.

s
s For tuning RF transmitters - under

nonradiating conditions.

s

For making routine tests and adjustments.

s As a substitute for any 50 ohm circuit loading

element.

s

To measure, with a suitable indicating device,
the power output of any coaxially transmitted
RF signal within its rating.

Description These models are rectangular in shape with transverse fins

encasing an oil-dielectric-filled coolant cylinder. A retract­able handle is recessed in the radiator fins. Extra thick fins
at the front and rear are bent 90° to form bottom mounting
flanges. These flanges are supports for free standing use or
brackets for fixed mounting. Flange holes are provided for
this purpose.

Performance

Capabilities

and

The Model 8201 Termaline Load Resistor can absorb and
dissipate up to 500 W of RF power continuously over a fre­quency range of dc to 2500 MHz. It will show a maximum
VSWR of 1.1 to 1.0 from dc to 1000 MHz and 1.25 to 1.0
from 1000 to 2500 MHz.

The Model 8203 Termaline Load Resistor will take a load of
up to 600 W, over a frequency range of dc to 1000 MHz. Its

1

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

maximum VSWR rating is 1.1 to 1.0 over this frequency
range.

Note: The specifications for the Model 8203 ap-

+

ply only as long as the ambient temperature
remains at 30°C (+86°F) or lower.

Dimensions

and Weight

Power and

Requirements

Environmenta

Requirements

Utility

Items

Supplied

The Models 8201 and 8203 are 16-13/16 inches L x 5-15/16
inches W x 8-1/2 inches H (427 x 151 x 216 mm). They have
a net weight of 20.4 lb (9.2 kg) and a shipping weight of ap­proximately 26 lb (12 kg).

As load resistors, the Models 8201 and 8203 are passive de­vices that are self contained and do not require a source of
power or utility service to perform their function, other than
the RF input power.

The load should be operated in an environment as free of

l

dust and vibration as possible. For proper operation the am­bient temperature should remain within the range of -40°C
to +45°C (-40°F to +113°F) for Model 8201 and -40°C to
+30°C (-40°F to +86°F) for Model 8203. Allow at least six
inches of clear space around the load to provide an unim­peded flow of convection air currents for adequate heat dis­sipation.

The load is equipped with:

s Model 8201 — Female N connector of a pat-

ented “Quick-Change” design.

s

Instruction Manual.

s

Model 8203 — Double Male N adapter, and a
connector dust cap.

s

Instruction Manual.

Required

Tools and

Equipment

2

Items

Test

Because these load resistors are self contained, they have no
additional parts.

Only a coaxial cable with the appropriate connector plug
(normally a Male N or, with the Model 8203, a Female N), is
needed for connecting these load resistors to the source of
RF power.

s

Screwdrivers — for disassembly of this equip­ment.

s

An ohmmeter with an accuracy of 1 percent or
better at 50 ohms is recommended for check­ing the resistance value of the resistor.

Introduction

Specifications

Impedance 50 ohms nominal

VSWR:
Model 8201: 1000-2500 MHz
Model 8203: dc-1000 MHz

Connectors: Female N “QC” type normally supplied

Power Range

Model 8201
Model 8203

Frequency Range

Model 8201
Model 8203

Dimensions 16-13/16"L x 5-15/16" W x 8-1/2"H

Ambient Temperature

Model 8201
Model 8203

Coolant Method Convention air currents

Weight 20.4 lb (9.2 kg)

Operating Position Horizontal only

Finish Grey Powder Coat

1.1:1.0 Maximum

1.25:1.0 Maximum

500 W continuous
600 W continuous

dc-2500 MHz
dc-1000 MHz

(427 x 151 x 216 mm)

-40°C to +45°C (-40°F to +113°F)
40°C to +30°C (-40°F to +86°F)

1

1

Model 8203 also includes a double Male N adapter and a dust cap.

3

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

Figure 1

Model 8201

ELECTRONIC

4240-062

4

Chapter 2

Theory of Operation

General The Models 8201 and 8203 Termaline Load Resistor consist

essentially of a carbon film-on-ceramic resistor immersed in
a dielectric coolant. The resistor, individually selected for its
accuracy, is enclosed in a special exponentially tapered
housing. This provides a linear reduction in surge imped­ance directly proportional to the distance along the resistor.
When surrounded by the dielectric coolant, the characteris­tic impedance is therefore 50 ohms at the front (connector
end), 25 ohms at the mid-point to compensate for the resis­tance already passed over, and zero ohms at the rear where
the resistor joins the housing, forming the return conductor
of the coaxial circuit. This produces a uniform and practi­cally reflectionless line termination over the stated frequen­cies for the load resistor.

Cooling The dielectric coolant is chosen for its desirable dielectric

and thermal characteristics. Cooling of the Models 8201 and
8203 is accomplished by natural fluid and air convection
currents. The 0.7 gallon of dielectric coolant carries the elec­trically generated heat from the resistor to the walls of the
cylindrical cooling tank. This tank is encased in a set of ra­diating fins constructed from heavy gauge aluminum alloy
and firmly pressed onto the cylinder. The heat from the di­electric fluid is transferred to the surrounding air by the
fins.

Expansion of the coolant, caused by the rise in its tempera­ture, is allowed by means of a synthetic rubber diaphragm
(not visible) inside the rear cover dome of the unit.

5

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

6

Chapter 3

Installation

Location

CAUTION

The load is designed for operation in a horizontal plane

only, with mounting brackets down. Do not operate in

any other position.

Install the Model 8201 or 8203 Termaline Load Resistor in a
location that:

Has sufficient room to provide at least six

s

inches of free space around and above the
unit.

s Is the shortest possible distance, or cable

length from the transmitting equipment.
Ensures the operation of the load in a horizon-

s

tal position only, with the handle on top.

Mounting The load may be used for portable operation or for fixed in-

stallation, that is, it may stand free or may be secured to a
bench or any convenient flat surface. The front and rear fins
are made of heavier gauge material bent outward 90 de­grees to form mounting flanges. At each corner of these
flanges is a rubber bumper foot attached with an acorn nut.
To fasten the load by means of its base mounting flanges:

1. Remove the four rubber bumpers

2. Fasten the load with four screws. Put one screw
in each of the four 9/32 inch holes.

Note: Use screws up to 1/4 inch diameter.

The holes are arranged in a 5-1/8 x 12-17/32 inch rectangle
(130.2 x 318.3 mm).

7

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

8

Chapter 4

Operating Instructions

Use and

Function of

Controls

Initial

Adjustments

Because these are passive devices, there are no operating
controls on the Models 8201 and 8203 Load Resistors.

No initial adjustments are required other than to connect
the load to the RF source by means of a coaxial cable
equipped with a suitable matching connector plug.

Start-up 1. Connect a Male N type plug, which mates with

the RF input connector, to the load.

2. Connect the Model 8201 or 8203 Termaline Load
Resistor to the transmitting equipment under
test with 50 ohm coaxial cable.

3. After the transmitter has been connected to the
load, proceed according to the transmitter manu­facturer’s instructions.

When reconnecting the antenna, it may become necessary to
slightly readjust the transmitter due to possible differences
in VSWR between the load and the antenna system.

Normal

Operation

WARNING

When power is in the upper range of the load’s

capacity, the radiator will become hot - care should be

used in touching the equipment.

Operating

Under
Emergency,
Adverse, or

Abnormal

Conditions

Having no indicators or controls, these loads require no spe­cial operating procedures or surveillance when properly
used.

CAUTION

Do not operate this equipment continuously above the

rated 500 W for Model 8201, or 600 W for Model 8203.

Load failure will result.

9

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

Shutdown Because both the Models 8201 and 8203 are passive devices,

there is no way to turn them off. Power must be shut off at
the source of the RF energy.

Emergency

Shutdown

WARNING

Do not attempt to disconnect these loads from the

coaxial cable while RF energy is still being applied.

Leaking RF power is a potential health hazard.

Turn off the RF power at the source.

10

Chapter 5

This chapter contains operator maintenance instructions,
troubleshooting, and parts information.

Troubleshooting

Problem Possible Cause Remedy

Leakage of coolant oil
around band or radiator
housing.

Overheating of the radi­ator.

High or low dc resis­tance values.

Maintenance

Clamping band not
tight.

Faulty o-ring (front). Replace per the RF

Faulty diaphragm (rear). Replace per the Dia-

Transmitter power is
too high.

Coolant level is too low. Add more coolant per

Faulty RF section. Replace the RF section

Faulty RF input connec­tor.

Loose RF input connec­tor.

Faulty RF section as­sembly.

Tighten clamping band
with a screwdriver.

Load Resistor para­graph.

phragm and Coolant Oil
paragraph.

Reduce the transmitter
power.

the Diaphragm and
Coolant Oil paragraph.

per the RF Load As­sembly paragraph.

Replace per the RF
connector replacement
paragraph.

Tighten the connector
with a screwdriver.

Replace the RF section
per the RF Load As­sembly paragraph.

Cleaning

The principle maintenance required by the operator will be
the cleaning of the radiator fins. Periodically wipe away the
accumulated dust and lint. If the insulator or metallic con­tact surfaces of the connector should become dirty or grimy,
wipe them off with a soft cloth and use a contact cleaner
that is self drying and leaves no residue to clean the inac­cessible internal parts.

11

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

Inspection With the rugged and simple construction of the Models 8201

and 8203 Load Resistors, periodic inspection will be neces­sary at only about six-month intervals. Inspection should in­clude the items listed below:

1. Oil Leakage - Check for coolant oil seepage
around the radiator tank, particularly at the
front and back around the underside of the
clamping band.

2. Inspect the Load for completeness and general
condition of the equipment.

The Troubleshooting Chart lists the symptoms of commonly
encountered troubles, their causes, and suggested corrective
measures. Use the chart as a guide when analyzing symp­toms.

Preventive

Maintenance

Resistance

Measurement

DC

Figure 2

DC

Resistance

Because of the basic simplicity of construction, no special
maintenance procedures are required. Keep the equipment
clean, and occasionally check the coolant level in the radia­tor tank.

Check the condition of the load resistor by accurate mea­surement of the dc resistance between the inner and outer
conductors of the RF connector. Use an ohmmeter with an
accuracy of 1 percent or better at 50 ohms for this purpose.
The measured resistance should be a nominal 50 ohms, ±2
ohms. Perform this test only when the load has cooled down
to room temperature. Refer to figure 2.

12

Maintenance

Disassembly

There are no special techniques required for the repair or
replacement of components in the Models 8201 and 8203
loads. A screwdriver is the only tool needed.

RF Connector

Replacement

Diaphragm

and Coolant

Oil

The connector is a patented “Quick Change” design which
permits easy interchange with the use of only a screwdriver.
This process does not interfere with the essential coaxial
continuity of the load resistor RF input or the coolant oil
seal. For replacement, proceed as follows:

1. Remove the four 8-32 x 5/16 inch round head
machine screws from the corners of the RF con­nector.

2. Pull the connector straight out of its socket.

Remove the diaphragm to replace or examine the coolant
oil. Replacement of the diaphragm and coolant are listed in
the steps below:

1. Stand the load vertically, with the back end up.
Brace it carefully to avoid tipping it over.

2. Loosen the clamp screw until the clamping band
is released.

3. Remove the diaphragm cover and lift the dia­phragm from the back end of the radiator tank.
Inspect the diaphragm. It should be soft and pli­able. If it has hardened or shows signs of surface
cracks, replace it.

4. The coolant oil level should be about one inch be­low the top of the radiator cylinder. If the oil ap­pears to be contaminated; i.e., it doesn’t have a
clear light yellow color, replace it.

RF Load

Resistor

Assembly

To replace the load resistor assembly, it is not necessary to
drain the unit of coolant oil. Follow the steps below:

1. Stand the load vertically, with the front end up.

2. Loosen the clamp screw until the clamping band
is released.

3. Hold the load assembly by the RF connector and
pull the assembly slowly out of the radiator. Al­low the excess coolant to drip back into the radi­ator.

13

Bird Models 8201 & 8203 Termaline Coaxial Load Resistor

4. Inspect the O-Ring seal which is located just in­side the mounting flange of the resistor assembly.
Do not reuse the O-Ring if it is not soft and pli­able or if it shows signs of surface cracks.

Assembly

RF Connector Before pushing the RF connector in, be sure that the pro-

jecting center contact pin on the connector is carefully en­gaged and properly seated in the mating socket of the load
resistor input.

Install the four 8-32 x 5/16 inch round head machine screws
into the corners of the RF connector.

Diaphragm

and Coolant

Oil

RF Load

Resistor

Assembly

To assemble, follow the instructions below.

1. Fill the unit with coolant until the level is about
one inch below the top of the radiator cylinder.

2. Install the diaphragm and place the diaphragm
cover on the back end of the radiator tank.

3. Install and tighten the clamping band screw.

4. Check for leaks. Pay particularly close attention
to the area around the clamping band.

To install the assembly:

1. Hold the load assembly by the RF connector and
slowly lower the assembly into the radiator

2. Place the clamp band on and tighten the clamp
screw until the clamping band is tight.

3. Place the unit on its flanges, in a horizontal posi­tion.

4. Check for leaks. Pay particularly close attention
to the area around the clamping band.

REPAIRS

Preparation

For Shipment

14

Any maintenance or service procedure beyond the scope of
those provided in this section should be referred to a quali­fied service center.

Wrap and tape the RF connector to keep out foreign mate­rial, then pack and brace the load in a suitable container. A
sturdy corrugated paper box is recommended.

Storage No special preparations are needed for storage other than to

cover the equipment to keep out dust and dirt. Store the
unit in a clean dry environment where the ambient temper­ature will remain within the approximate working range of
the instrument -40°C to +45°C (-40°F to +113°F) for Model
8201 and -40°C to +30°C (-40°F to +86°F) for Model 8203.

Customer Service

Sales /Repair

Facilities

Sales

Facilities

U.S.A Sales and Manufacturing

Service Group
Bird Electronic Corporation
30303 Aurora Rd
Cleveland (Solon). Ohio 44139-2794
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

For the location of the sales office nearest you give us a call,
or visit our Web site at

http://www.bird-electronic.com

15

Replacement Parts List

Models 8201/03

Item Qty. Description Part Number

1
2
3 .7 gal

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

1

1

(2.65 li­ters)

1

1

1

2

1

4

4

1

1

1

Radiator assembly 2430-050
RF Section assembly 8205-002
Dielectric coolant 5-030-3

“QC” connector *see below
Diaphragm 2430-015
Diaphragm cover 2430-148
Clamp band 2430-043
O-Ring seal 8110-039
Bumper foot 5-049
Acorn nut 8110-171
Radiator handle 2430-028
Adapter and chain assembly 8203-003
Dust cap (model 8203) 5-297

*Available QC Type Connectors

N-Female 4240-062 LT-Female 4240-018
N-Male 4240-063 LT-Male 4240-012
HN-Female 4240-268 C-Female 4240-100
HN-Male 4240-278 C-Male 4240-110
LC-Female 4240-031 UHF-Female

4240-050

(SO-239)

LC-Male 4240-025 UHF-Male

4240-179

(PL-259)

7/8" EIA Air Line 4240-002

16

Maintenance

LIMITED WARRANTY

All products manufactured by Seller are warranted to be free from defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, unless otherwise spec­ified, from date of shipment and to conform to applicable specifications, draw­ings, blueprints and/or samples. Seller’s sole obligation under these
warranties shall be to issue credit, repair or replace any item or part thereof
which is proved to be other than as warranted; no allowance shall be made
for any labor charges of Buyer for replacement of parts, adjustment or re­pairs, or any other work, unless such charges are authorized in advance by
Seller.

If Seller’s products are claimed to be defective in material or workmanship or
not to conform to specifications, drawings, blueprints and/or samples, Seller
shall, upon prompt notice thereof, either examine the products where they
are located or issue shipping instructions for return to Seller (transporta­tion-charges prepaid by Buyer). In the event any of our products are proved
to be other than as warranted, transportation costs (cheapest way) to and
from Seller’s plant, will be borne by Seller and reimbursement or credit will
be made for amounts so expended by Buyer. Every such claim for breach of
these warranties shall be deemed to be waived by Buyer unless made in writ­ing within ten (10) days from the date of discovery of the defect.

The above warranties shall not extend to any products or parts thereof which
have been subjected to any misuse or neglect, damaged by accident, rendered
defective by reason of improper installation or by the performance of repairs
or alterations outside of our plant, and shall not apply to any goods or parts
thereof furnished by Buyer or acquired from others at Buyer’s request and/or
to Buyer’s specifications. In addition, Seller’s warranties do not extend to the
failure of tubes, transistors, fuses and batteries, or to other equipment and
parts manufactured by others except to the extent of the original manufac­turer’s warranty to Seller.

The obligations under the foregoing warranties are limited to the precise
terms thereof. These warranties provide exclusive remedies, expressly in lieu
of all other remedies including claims for special or consequential damages.
SELLER NEITHER MAKES NOR ASSUMES ANY OTHER WARRANTY
WHATSOEVER, WHETHER EXPRESS, STATUTORY, OR IMPLIED, IN­CLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, AND
NO PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO ASSUME FOR SELLER ANY OBLIGA­TION OR LIABILITY NOT STRICTLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
FOREGOING.

17