Bausch & Lomb Criterion 4000 Instruction Manual

,ry*

Astronomy
visually,
the

only science

useful
astrophysics
amateur

monitor

\flith

instruction

and beaury invisible

with

that, there is the

human
you get

is

the oldest of the sciences eurct,

the most beautiful. V4rat is more, it is

to

contributions.

and cosmology, Ieaves it to the

to spot new comets, asteroids, novae, t()

changes and note

the kind of equipment

book, the night is

knowledge.

so much for

Nlbssage to

A

Or;vnerc fiom Dn

which

the amateur can

professional,

The

phenomena.

describecl

yours,

to the eyes alone. Ancl alorrg

chance of cor-rtril-lutir-rg to

\fhere else ancl how

little.

so

Isaac Asimov

makc

lost in

in this

with woncler

else

TableOfContents

car"r

Cxiterion

Isaac Asimog

Pagc

Telescope

Case

ln

Bausch
Telescope

You

are about to

high power

new aspect

you

will insure

ment.

Moreover, you

"false

starts" and most important, without

ultra fine

On

books helpful
amateur
amateur

major part

staff

at

the high school

able

optical ar-rd mechanical

page

astronomer. Further, w<: Llrge
astronomical society

of a nearby planetarir-rm

put

to

I-omb'

&

and

enjoy the

celestial and terrestrinl viewing,

photography.

of

your

is

list

21

a

to the novice as wcll

their furrction is

of

or college

in

toucl-r

)rou

Telephoto

investmer-rt

will

be able to

of recommenclecl

witl-r

Criterion

4OOO"

I-ens

fascinating

reacling

By

nearest

to aicl the beginner. The

or alt .lstr()nouty iltstructor

in your vicir-rity

an alratcLlr ass<tciatior-r.

worlcl

of astronomy,

ancl a totally

instmctions,

these

in tl'ris rcr.narkaltle instru-

plrt

it to usc with<>ut

clarnlging its

cornponents.

perioclicals

as the experiencecl

yoll

to contact the

y<tu,

because a

shoulcl lte

ancl

Telescope In

Identification

Your First
Starting

Latitude

Polar

Alignment

The

Setting Circles

Case

Parts

Of

ook"

"r

Sky Observing

Legs And Motor Drive

Observing The Planets
Observing The Moon

Atmospheric Disturbance

Using A

Attaching A

Tripod

Camera

Body
Astrophotography
The

Optical System

Care Of Fine Optics

Optical
Brake

Alignment

Lever Adjustment

Recommended Reading

Warranty
Latitudes

Of Some U.S. Cities

l0

1l

l2

l2

12

12

l5
t6

t7

18

20

2l

2l

22

2
3

4

,

6

I

Before

note

always

If

condensation f<rrn.rs

components,

returning

In

telescope

bulb

molcl, wl-rich

removir-rg

precisc

the

be returnecl [o its

the tclcscopc to its

tropical clir.r-ratcs it is a

ir-r

br-rrning

tl'rc tclcscopc

manncr ir-r wl-rich it is fittecl. It

cusc

on thc front lcr-rs

all<>w

ventilatccl

a

at all tin'res to

clrn etclt

n-u>istr.rre

tl'rc

cabinct with a lowwattage light

glrt^ss!

fr<tn-r

its case,

irr

tl-ris sarne

to evap()rate before

litr st<>rage.

casc

g<>oc[

iclea

to store the

prevent

the formation

please

shoulcl

orientlrtion.

mechanical

or

of

Bausch

&Inrnb'Criterion

Telescope

and

Telephoto

4OOO"

I-ens

Finderscope

focus adjustment

Eyepiece

set

screw

Star

diagonal

prism (90')

Focus knob

(Do

not force!)

Left

fork arm

Right

(hour)

circle

Declination

tangent

(not

shown)

Right

ascensior-r inded

Finderscope
adjusting screws

arm

Finderscope

Right ascension

"on"

(

lock

"r

>ff

clockwise,/unlock

"

lunter-clockwise)

cr

Declir-ratior-r

(

lock

clockwise

no more

than oze turn)

l-

lever

brake

knob

brake

/unlock

counter-clockwisc'

Tirrn knurled ring

counter-clockwise

to remove

Hex

for tube renrovlrl

Declination

Declination

adjusting krrol>

Tripod
(under

Declination inclcx rrur rlr

Right fork

*Right

control

Declination
control
(do

not

Latitude

mounting

ectric motor drive

(telescope

base)

- *Do

prisrn

sockct s('r'(,w:

cirt'lt'

cirt'lt,

adapting

tube b<>cly

arrn

ascension

knolr

knob

force)

leg's

holes

hor.rsirrg

no use whcrt

righr

ascension

is on-

lll< x'1.

)

lrr',rkr

Your First Look

Never aim

instrument

or

at the

look

the

or

directly

sun,

through

telescope

finderscope
directly at the

as severe

sun,

damage,

eye

damage

or

to the

instrument can

result.

After lifting

lens

the

identifies

to
of
Openirrg
the temperature is the same

cap, carefully study the

all the telescope's component

view

through

optical

flaws which will degrade tl-re telescopic

the window will solve the

turbulent air

using

the telescope outside,

to

ambient

the

optical

the inside
and in the 20s
Conversely, the scope rnust be allowccl to
taken frorn ar-r air

higher

cord,

components

temperatures

outsicle temperatLl

Igr-roring

place

tripod, or other

evepiece
screw),

like

mile

clockwise Llntil an
the focus knob is revcrsccl, a slight shili of thc
be noticecl. Thc vierv rvill lrc rcvcrsccl lcfi t<;
Photographical ll,

Do

(40x,30rnnr)

and by sighting ak>ng tl-re tclcsc<lpe

rifle) locate

a

or so away.

Slorubt

tLlrn

notforce lhe.fbct.ts krtob

(Depending

may

clockwisc

three screws,

imagc

may not be vcrl,sharp.)

or

fr>cus

Now,

or countcrckrckrvisc,

<>n thc cross

powel-ocular
further acljust

krcate an<xher ol'ljcct :rt lrbouI thc saurc clistance

will sec

althougl-r an acljustnrcnt of

necessaly.

optics of thc

because

that <>bject

<>f

model 4000 from its case and

the

photograph which

parts.

window panes, as most such

problern, providecl

inside

as outsicle. Otherwise,

currents

will also ruin tl-re

image. Vher-r

it n-ust be allowed to come

temperature,

will stabilize. L-r

rnigl-rt bc in the

will

outsicle,

it

at

take up to oue

time all tl-re

colcl clir-nates,

70s

whicl-r

conditionecl envir<>l'ulcnt

res.

latitucle acllusting lcgs ancl the clcctric

tl-re

the r.noclel

4000

or-r a sturcly tablc,

rigicl platf<rrtr.r. Inscrt thc krwcst

into the star cliagonal

an object,

the fircr.rs knob clockrvise

ir.nagc is scen.

thc

uporr atnr()sphcric conclitions, the

finclcrscr4re b.v

tl-rc

thc

ccntcr

lrairs ol'thc finclcr.

rvith

thc

fir-rclcr uli.qnnrent. Using the

the

in

flnclclsc<pe is n<>w alignecl with tl-re

Yrr,rr

such as

i nragc is r.u>t revc rsccl.

nriclcllc

porvcr

high

the cvepiccc

fircus rvill pr<rbabl1,be

pliuren,tclcscopc. At

parullax,

ir.nagc in thc flincler

tl.rc

builcling abor-rt a l-ralf

a

()r

\Whcr.t

thc clirection

be.1,o71s1 its lirrtits.

tr-rlning

ancl

o['thc

its

bv acljusting the

r.nair.r telcscr>pe's

Iteplace

(67x,

18mm) <>ne ancl

main

of tl.re

ckrse distances,

glass

(fahrenheit)

hour.

stal>ilize if

to n.rucl-r

wir-rcl<>w sill,

(krck

tul>e

colltttr:

inragc rvill

right.

elepiece

flncler,

will

removing

D<> not try

is full

inrage.

fine

where

p()vncr

witl-r set

(r.nr.rcl'r

,

r-

<>f

i rruge

l<>rv

thc

ancl

,vou

telescope

mair-t

be below

,

Bausch

&

Telescope

I-omb'

and

Telephoto

Criterion

I-ens

4OOO"

Starting Sky

Observing

the
Realisnr.ncnt

to tir.r.rc.

telescope also fur-rctions as a

Focus

startlccl

clearll.at 20 feet

Nox, look
c()mmon sights with

iurage

YoLl are using tl.rc tclcscol-rc ut

ol>ject

ir.nage

front

risirrg fror.n

particularh,

asphalt

shc>ulcl look

large, very

through
power

This

moon ir-r

beer-r

the mair-r
nearbv

turning the focus

amount.

objects,

drift across

entirely.

rotates.

periodically
kndb in

certain

and

"on"
lination

hancl.

hairs witl'r rcspect to the

cri>ss

fincler rvill bc rcqr-rirecl fn>m tir-tte

of tl.tc

Practice

Because

<>n a ck>llar

at

It is ir-r.rportant

seen is

krcating objccts

r>f tl-re unique

bill

visiblc

tl'rc

that

at spiclers,

to rcnrembcr

cleper-rclent Llpon atr.r'utspheric

moclel 4000

lorrg-clistance rnicroscope!

20 feet

at

clctail.

nhich

or

In fact,

can

\,oLl

florvers, bircls,

ncs,insight.

totallv

that thc c1-ralit1, of the

srolurcl

grour-rcl

also at

u,ar..ers

lcr-rs. This pl.rerror.nclt()lt

as tl-r<tr-rgl.r

the

ntxiccublc if

surface.

The moorr is

at through a telescope . This is because it is

bright,

tVithout

the

place

corcl,

is

knowr-r as the alt-azimuth position. Locate

model4000.

the

the finclerscope

disturbecl

telescopic

terrestial

leve[,

gror-rncl

the

latitr-rde

surface ancl clisturbs tl-re air, ancl

first

celestial object that the novicc

eas,y to

acljustir-rg legs

the instrument

you

will

assen.rbl1,.

objects,

nrisht

xru

watcr

is lteing

occLlrs ltecausc heat is

instrr-rmcnt is usecl or-r ulr

the

finci

ancl a

if its

ancl

see the

m<ton in

If you

you

will ha\,'e

knob counter-clockwise a

you

If

have been

a slight adjustment is all that is required.

As

1'ou

olrserue

the

the

field

This happens,

To keep

a clockwise manner using

that the

turn

the

the

right

observing distant terrestrial

you

moon,

view

of

and, in time, disappears

ofcourse, because the earth

moon

centered

right

ascension

ascension brake leler is

after having turned the declination

(clockwise)

position, periodically

(north-up,/s<>uth-down)

Before

observing,

make

certain that the tangent

r,'ien'in

ncar

optical

so ancl

xru

see at

ar-rcl

anci

telescope.

the

far.

svster.n,

will l>e

1ou

will

see

20 inches.

a host

cor-rclitictns.

level

n<>tice that the

vien,an

to

polrrecl

r,ery

beautiful sight

and the electrical

firm mounting.

on a

alignment

has

the evepiecc ol'

have beetr

refocus by

to

consiclerablc'

will

notice that

in

the field

(east,left,/west-rigltt

your

left hand

OFF)

brake to

adjust the dec-

with your

knob

your

mt>re

other

of

over tltc

the
not

observirrg

it

will

view,

of

(be

its

right

arm of the cleclination control

its forwarcl/reverse

Fine

Control wben

in

readilv

whicl-r

It will be

manner

to observe

N

at

tr

it bas

eu er

el.

reacbecl its litnits.

apparent that

celestial objects.

Moclel 4000's latitr-rcle adjusting

motor

clrive'"vill correct

tl.ris s

is centerecl

rc e t b e d ec I i n

fo

tl-ris

lcgs ancl built-in electric

itr-r ation.

with rcspect to

is

most

a

a t io r t

awkwarcl

The Astr<>

Latitude Legs

And Motor

ll

is

Drive

Threacl the two nonacljustable

into
hole
hole

a firn-r,

cleclination

base sicle of dte

the

plugs.

Now thrcacl

basc

of the

flat

sr-rrf:rce.

circlcs

platc. Placc

the finclersc<lpe by

sliding the
North

Star

further

acljustable

is

Star

ir-r

thc clcpiccc

acljustmcnts

ccntcre(l

instrr-urcnt ltftcr

the rrcl.lttstable

Sct the tclcscope

re

acl

90o

shifting tltc

scction ol't[.tc ccr.ttcr

()lr

the cr<tss

<>l thc

until thc

latittrcle aclir.rstirrg

tclescrpe

thc

lt>cate thc

ancl

lcgs

rtrain te

lcscopc attcl

Nortlt Star

Thngent

urtscrervittg

leg irtto

:urc[

tr-tltc s<> that tl-rc

N<>rtlt Star it-r

rvcst

t()

cltst

I-()cate

hairs.

is

certtcrccl

witliin thc ficlcl olvicrv.

"1>olur

Your tclesc<>1'rc

axis about wlrich thc te

the

ascensior-r

(cast

to the axis of tl.tc curth's

For

)

<>bse

interestir.rg

the

overheacl ancl

viewccl whcn

irnaginary
telescopc one

ey,cpiecc

is

is

tr> west/lefi tt>

rvcls in thc

cclcsti:rl

t<>rvarcl thc

lll)l)eur

tltc1,

linc

sr:l)urx{cs Eust

that

-hull'turn

1'l<tirttirtg

nr>rv

rotutiort

Northe rn

objects

in Itight Ascettsiou

ltrvltl'

uli.grtecl".

lcscopc

r'igltt) is csscntial[1'parallel

(sec

I

rvill

(All

S<lutlr.

()rt

ltear the

or

fi<>t.t.t

frotrl

)()Llr

This mearts that

rcv<>lves ir-r right

1tl'rttto,

Icntisltl.rcrc,

lrc

seett

skv oltjects

r.nericlian

tWest.)

Position

e)'e.

arnr

legs

the cerlter

its legs

artcl

r-rrttil

lcg

tl'rc

Ittake

pageT).

m()st of

frot'u

are best

-

Move

so that the

tlle

t>u

lt1'

tl"re
N<>rtl-r

the

the

Thelvf,odel4OOO

nflolarAlignment'

in

Bausch

&I-ornb'Criterion

Telescope

and

Telephoto

4OOO"

Irns

The

Constellation

in its

seasonal

stars at the end

almost

exactly to the

Big Dipper is

positions.

the bowl

of

North

\a

n, Nonh

The rwo

point

Star.

Srur

showrr

SUMMER STAB

t

Set

at

C<>mpass may be used

to k)cate Nofth

90'to

locate

North Star

Angle
be usecl
center
leg

to

latitude

fir.rcler

c:rn

to sct

(acliustablc)

proper

angle.

yourself

so

your

back

is

toward

North. Unlock the

declination brake and swing the telescope tube away

(South).

you

from

in

main

the

ments

of the right ascension control knob, the

be kept
eyepiece for

Therefore, we

centered

This, however, is not

which will automatically

rotation.

base

standard 110volt

brake

"track"

NOTE:

Attach the supplied

of the

"ON"

the moon, stars, and

Ifthe North Star

the use

from

Locate

determine local variation

the model

finder,

reads

readings

U.S.

The

follow

to

unlikely, however, that the

accurate.

If,

(upward)

adjusting legs on the

slightly
instrument)

drift is

Conversely,

(downwarcl)

clockwise

tracking

manently
of the three legs on tl.re obse

pencil

a

of

Sears

North with the compass

4000

set the

same as

the

on

are listed onptrge22.

cities

telescope

the

for instance, the

in

clockwise

eliminatecl.

motion.

a cclestial

n-urr-rntecl r>bscrving

mark thc

Locate the moon

telescope. By occasional clockwise

within the field of

long as

as

have

instrument and

desired.

enough

incorporated

compensate

plug

50hrz. outlet.

(clockwise)

cannot

compass

Roebuck) will facilitate

and the telescope

planets.

be

seen

and an

in

as shown on

acljustable center

your latitr.rcle. M<lst rnaps

right

r-notions

left r:rargins.

ancl

is now fairly

r.r.u>st

of

polar

lr(x)n appears to clrift

the eyepiece

(as

in small incrc-ments

if

dre

motion,

position

of the telescope, the

platftrnr-r shoulcl be adjusted

firm

you look

clrift appears to

reoricnt the tclescope

you

Oncc

<>bjcct, ancl

ol the acljustable

in

finder and then

the

move-

moon

view

of the telescope's

luxury for the model

an electric

motor drive

for the earth's

electric

power

the male fitting

Tirrn

the

right ascension

cord

into

into

will now

because ofau obstruction,

"Angle

F'incler"

polar

(call

nearest airport

compass

page 7.

leg so

I-atitucles for many

well

alignecl

celestial

alignrnent

clown

r.rntil

bc in a southerly

have <>lttained

ify<>u are ursing a

platform, mark the

rving surflace and using

(available

alignrnent.

reading), and orient

Using the

that

oblects.

Angle

the angle

have latitude

in orcler

It is

is absolutely

northwarcl

latitude

Llpon the

northwarcl

the

in a counter-

stability

per-

position

latitude

can

4000.

the

a

to

in

a

leg.

Bausch

&I-ornb'Criterion

Telescope

and

Telephoto

4OOO"

Irns

If

travel with

1,ou

will,

it will

be necessary to

placed
adfustable

from

center hole from approxin'rately
the rear hole,25 to

positions

NOTE:

designed
once
slow rotational mode,

motion

about its

at

reading

in

the

center

approximately

north and south

The

electric drive system

to

offset

in

24 hours about its

the telescope. Remember,

of

own

half

the rate

clock. Should

motor-drive

base and

right
electric
terrestrial

system and

cord.

you

ascension

drive to function. Further, locate

object in

turn the motor

If

observing a

your

instrument, and we hope

repeat

forward

hole on tl-re bottom

leg will provide latitude

to

degrees

50

35

degrees. This will apply tcr

35

the Equator.

of

in

the rotation

own axis. Because of this

clo not expect to see an apparent

axis

once in

of the

operating,

will

hear the

brake lever must be locked

24 l-rours.

hour hancl

you

have any

your

place

electric

field

the

celestial object, according to the

of

by ph-rgging in

or-r

procedure. \X/hen

this

plate,

adjustments

latitude, in the

to 40 degrees, and

30

the model
of the earth

on

4000 is

which

the telescope turns

This means it travels

your

normal 12 hour

cloubts

ear to the telescope

about

motor running. The

"on"

a celestial or

view

of the

main

you

the

turns

very

the

for the

optical

the electric

previous

of

instructions,

view. By

following the

terrestrial object,

The Setting

from the

in

Circles

assist

earth

south)

In
(north,/south)

ascension
specific latitudinal
city's

74
have a
ascension.

darkness
latitude, we will

in

that Vega's

field of

The function

you

in locating

is

divided

and longitudinal

heavens, latitude

the

and

(east/west).Just

specific

falls

address

is 40

location in terms

on a September evening

address

degrees west

For

instance, if we look directly overhead

the

constellation

declination, and

\7ith your

Vega

in the

scope. You

close to

finder

will find

degrees,

J8

telescope

motor running and tl-re

"on"

position,

thumbs until

is

cle

linecl up with the

ascension

"in

now

You

can

circle

step"

locate

move the

the

witl-r

declination ancl

the obiect

above

you will note that

view.

"mysterious"

the

of

dim celestial

grid pattern

into a

(east,/west)

corresponds

longitude

longitudinal

and
degrees,45

longitude)

see the bright

Lyra. Referring to a

plus

is

18 hours,

properly polar

telescope

your

tl-rat

rninutes nortl-t.

36

right

right ascension circle

18 hor-rr,36

index.

is

equal to

sky.

the

ar-ry object

right

ascension coorcliuates.

Within the c<>nstellati<>rr

which reser-r.rbles a

shell

outer

plus

are

of

(nortl-r)

fuint suxrke ling.'fhis object

a collapsccl

clegrces cleclinatictn

33

will stay

when

corresponds

as

every

minutes north

so does every

of

star

(north)

minutes right ascension.

36

ancl then

declination circle

ascensior-r

minute positkl-r

(Each

4

n-rinr.rtes.)

in the sky

L1'ra

is thc

giant

rccl

within the

observing

the object

circles

setting

obiects.Just

latitudinal

of

sections,

with declination

with right

point

on earth

"address"

star in the sky

declination and

when

from a northern

Vega, whicl-r is located

star

chart,

clegrees,

38

aligned,

in

main tele-

the

Vith the telescope

brake

clivisk>n

Yor-rr

you

if

far.nous Ring Nebula

stur. Its

coorclinates

18 hours

ltncl

minutes right asccr.rsion. Unl<>ck the cleclir-ration

and r.r.rove tl-re l'lurrcl <>f thc telesc<)pe

scale reacls

positiorr uncl

this

control

(.)

i

brakc ancl withotrt

plus

33

nrakc firrtl.rcr

if ncccssarr,.

clegrccs.

Ncxt, unlock the right ascertsion

L<>ck the cleclination brake

Llntil the cieclination

acljr.rstr.nents

with

field

a

moves

is

to

as the

(north/

so is the slry,

has a

(New

York

latitude,

right

we find

minutes

36

locate

will

read

lever in

your

with

the cir-

or-l

right

of the

telesc<>pe

its

know

is tl-re

53

brake

the fine

the

is

in

Bausch

&I-omb' Criterion

Telescope

and

Telephoto

4OOO"

I-ens

touching the right ascensior-r circle,

until

lock

Nebr-rla will be withir-r tl-re lield of

(Alwavs

If

the

the

1.our

indcx is

right

telescope

use the

positioneci

ascension

perfectly polar aligned, the

is

lowest power

brake lever.

object.) The cl-rances are that

within

acljustnrents in right ascension
search

Nearbl,in tl-re sky

Northern

name of the southern

Nbireo. Using the ab<>ve

whose

cleclinatior-r,

will

blue ar-rd

At

brightest star

amateur astronomers), ar-rd the beautiful double-star

fielcl, br-rt it will be

the

u,ill locate

the object

(relatively

section

Cross

coorclinates

are

19 hours

find that Albireo

gold pair.

point you har,e locatecl

this

in

slry, tl-re

the

the constellation Cygnus.

of

most star in the

proceclures, locate Albireo

plus 27

minutes right ascension.

30

is r-rot

one

Ring Nebula

Albireo.

have

practice,

objects do not

(wanclerir-rg

constantly

Vith a little bit of

"fixed"

of

"address'l
sun ancl comets

respect

NOTE: The declinatioz circles are

objects. Sorne

The plarrets

to the stars.

should their settings be disturbed, they can

using a

a level surface and swing the

positior-r.

the

adjust the leleling of the telescopic tube

level

level

declination control

fork ann,

its locking knob slightlv counter-clockwise

declination

the cleclination index mark.
lock the

for

the opposite

angle finder.

or

The length of the tube

surface.

circle

Lock the declination

knob.

On

loosen the declination setting circle

until the number

circle

position

in

fork

and then

anr-r declination

move the telescope

hours

at 18

view

eyepiece

tl-re Ring

Bl,making slight

ck>se.

ancl

cleclination,

in a short

speaking) will be

clegrees,

but /zlo stars.

Vega which is

you

will master the locating

stars), the

changing

Place the telescope base ou

telescope tube to

will now be

either the

Tlrrn

the

repeat this

minr-rtes, and

53

Ring

of the eyepiece.

locate

to

Nebula may not be

period

an

"grid"

a

of time.

found

Northern

54

have a

factory

minutes

A

beautiful

the

(a

favorite of

permanent

moon, the

positions

preset,

be reset by

its level

Cross

You

parallel

brake and

using the

right

zero is centered at

further

left

or

by turning

rotate the

and

knob clockwise

procedure

setting circle.

fifth

with

fine

the

The

but

to

to

Observing
The Planets

I

t

is

The published

page

with

give

27)

respect to the stars.

will appear zLS nothing more than a

telescope.

reveal little

that

of our

(our

earth
surface detail and
planet

in

our

1/2 billion
surface details.

positions

1 billion miles away, Saturn,

and will make an indelible irrpression Llpon thc

of

obsener.

far

or

away to be of

Observing
The Moon

The moon is such an obvious

can be readily
best

ol>servecl

opposed to

light from clarkness

use of a

and
and
the selection anc[ c<>ttrltr>scr,

identi$,

lunar t-uap,

identift

valleys. Like

the

fulfillment

the moc>n is wonclerful
couples,
brightness ohlitcnrtcs
most of d-rc otl.rer

but

briglrtncss

Atmospheric

t

Disturbance

I

Generally speuking,

no objcct

clegrecs ulxrvc the

30

penetratcs

atrlosphcrc,

hunclrccl

one

\M-ren

the

p()or

as tltc twinklc

air.

of tl-re

be observccl

monthly astronomical

the specific

Venus,

the

detail except

moon. Mars,

is

third),

the

polar

solar systeln,

rniles

away

In

acldition,

its four brightest

locations

Mercury, the innennost

second

planet

for its

ever changing

fourth

the

will,

favorable tin-res,

at

("sr-row")

wl-rich resiclcs approximately

firrm us,

will

$,/e

can

moons. At

will show

The plar-rets lteyc>ncl Satttru

interest t() the casual observer.

objcct

locatecl in the telc'sco1tc.

when tl.tc

its full or nearly

specific cratcrs,

the

vark>ns lunar

iclcrrtitl,.

ar-rcl

is t-tot

is

clisturbing

in

sl<1,

thc

appr>ximutcll,

vicrving lrolizr lntulll, r tt t ctt

nrilcs ol' clisturl'luttcc.

st.rrs urc

\il/hcn

thc uir is urt>viug

us

tl)e

r.t.toor-r is in its crcscent

fr-rll statr,rs.

.tcccntLlatcs sr.rrtucc

(sce

pagc2l)

t'ttarilt

joy

r.nusic

of

stl it is

lcatures

'l'l.rc

l'r.rll <>r

hrr cttt<ltir>rlrlll' crttwirtecl

cxcitir.rg

olrjccts in thc

is rv<>r'tlt vicrvirtg il'it

l<ll thc astrolt()lttcr.

srrrlitcc clctuil

(ttot

ltecuuse ol

lrolizott.

sk1,. lrurthcr,

l.tcrnrtfirlJ to tlte c1'c.

Vicrving straight

t0 rnilcs ol'thc

"trvinlilin.g"

is

c:rusecl [r1,snrall,

inuU-ic is

"snrcarccl."

journals (see

the various

of

lrright

from

out

planet fr<>rn

caps.

Jupiter,

clisplay everchanging

obscrve the cl-ranging

about

its ring svstem

ar<:

too

in

thc

Sr-rrfacc detail

'l'l'rc

clctail.

rvill

1,ttr,r

rvhe tc

lrc alllc

"<>ccltt.ts"),

(

ottc

rvith

thc

t'ct.tclcrs a scttse <>f

rtearlt'full

"waslles

ancl

utntr>sltltcric clisturbance,

is less

cartl-t's

tpt

s to

ra1>icll1,,

rapicl urovements

lilic

this, no detail can

planets

planet,

"star"

in a small

sun,

the

pl-rases like

sun

the

show us

largest

tl-re

fair-rt,

small,

sky that

phases

scltaration of

\iTith

t<t

tt-tot-ttttaitts

rccogttizes

t.t.ttt<tt't.'lil

phase

First, its

<>t-tt"

its

tl-ran

()verhead

pertetrate

"seeing"

tl-re

will

it

is

the

li>cate

of

as

is

UsingaTripod

Attaching a

Camera

Body

Wtren using the telescope

platform,

stable

latitude adjusting

adiustable
occasions.
telescope

L/4 x20 threaded
aforementioned

to the tripod's

versions

Both

virtually

are

equipped

lens.

All that is

(supplied

adapter for the specific camera

model, it
from

the

large

knuded

it is not always

legs. A very sturdy

panhead

In lieu

may

all

35mm

with a focal

be

panhead

practical

is a

latitude adjusting

the

of

attached to

in

holes

procedures

to

model

of the

single lens

plane

required is the cassegrain

with the telephoto

is

necessary

rear

of

ring

to remove the star

the telescope

counterclockwise.

the base

achieve

from a

away

practical

tripod

necessiry

a

of

by

tripod

plate. Apply all the

latitude adlusting

the

polar

4000

can

reflex

camera

shutter

version)

used.

being

tube by

permanent

use the

to

with

for these

legs, the

virnre

alignment.

accommodate

anda

focus

and a T:ring

diagonal

unscrewing the

its

of

bodies

removable

adapter

the astro

On

prism

which

legs

Bausch

&I-unb'Criterion

Telescope

\fltren

the camera body

latter

becomes

proper

mine

camera film speed

being used. Locate

graphed

metering

camera indicates
cameras have a

be used for

instruction

fication

being used, it is necessary to use a

preferably

alternative,
of the manual
finger,

will result in

series
the
adapter.

attached

nomical version

assembly may

simply

with

filters may

6

telescope and held in

The

tube assembly on both

removing the four

supplied hex wrench.

the

a 1200mm lrl12

exposures for terrestrial

and utilizing

system, adjust the

"stop

telephoto

manual.

an air

the camera's

shutter

its rear

to

be

and

dial to the

and focus

a correct exposure reading.

bulb shutter

be

underside. \flhen using

for terrestrial

removed from the base fork arms

Telephoto

is

attached to the telescope, the

telephoto

(ASA)

ISO

the

on

subject to be

your

camera's built-in

shutter speed until

down"

Because of the extremely high magni

severely blurred images.

meter

photography.

relea^se mechanism. ,{s

self-timer

release

placed

button depressed

in

the

place

by the cassegrain

versions has a

pl-rotography,

hex

screws

setting

Check

may be used. The use

recess

(rwo

I-ens

lens.

To deter-

subibcts, set the.

rating

of

light

your

Most

which

your

cable or

by

If

desired,

at the

tripod

the astro-

the tube

on each

4O)0O"

the film

photo-

should

camera

an

your

rear

of

focus

block

by

side)

Astro.

photography

I'

The

telescope lens r.nay now be

panheacl. In

trip<xl
"bracket"

inclicates
take

X)Llr

an

pl-rotograph

one

7/250.Keep a recorcl
you

have

the

the

characteristics of

that vibration

in-rages fr<>r-r-r bcing f<rrr.nccl.

of'fensive.

r-rot what

i nstrlrct<>r.

Dor-r't be

r,or.r

Astronom ical

however, pl-rotographing

it

is

best subject for

the

to start with. Using ISO

nxton,biS;lt

approxin-rately

"snap

e
mechuu-rism,

graphir-rg

appr<rxirr-rately 4

relatively

electric

a sharp irtrage. Deper-rcling

pollutar-rts

in tbe sky, recl,rircs en

shot"

quarter r-r-ro<ln rcclr.rircs ur)

a

skrw exposurc tinrc,

clrive <>l tl-re astronourical

in

appxrxir.nate.

all telepl-u)to

exposrlres.

cxposure of

linal

1/125 sec<>ncl

lrt 1/60, one xt 1/125

of

1,our

results,

1,9gp

lrom any s()Llrce

cliscouragecl

h<4recl ftrr

-

pl)otography

the nr(x)n is relatively casy ancl

the

(ASA)

7/25O of a seconcl. Because tl-ris is

it

is uor uecess,rry r,>

tin-res

it is

longcr

althougl-r

the atn'roslthcrc, thesc exl)osrlre tirncs lrre

again, it is wise

Once

attached to

photography it is

Tl-rat is, if

the camera's

exposure tinies

rvill

1'ou

cal-nera's

be able to determine

rneter. Rer.ner-nber

likely to

is

if

wincl

pur

Gusts of

expericnce is the

is

ver1,

a

cor.npl ex

bcginr-rir-rg

400 speecl filr,

astrophotograpl'rer

exp()surc

r.,iilize

great

a

c<>nr.,cnience.

cxp()srlrc tirre

or l/15

seconcl. At

it is rvisc

vcrsior.r

upon tllc clcnsity o['the

brackct

to

any sturcly

exposure

one at

grcl

lurcl wher-t

prevent

particularlv

are

flrst effi>rts are

greatest

sr-rl>

tl-re ftrll

time of

the

clriving

Pl'toto-

this

to crrrploy thc

to be tte

tl'rc

exposllres. The 1200nrnr fircal lcngth ol'the nroclcl

procluce

will

in

clian-reter

weigl-rted

mine shutter speects r-rsing

viewir-rg attachment
astropl-rotcrgraphy.

Pl-rotograpl-ring

the use

access()ryr

camenr lrccly ancl

image

a lunar ir.nagc size

(abor.rt

1/2 inch).

of aPpn>xinratcll,

If your

caurcra

light rneterir-rg s),stem, it is possiblc

mctcr.

tl-re

for

vrrLrr

clulctr

is lt

)

crater cletail

of the optkrnal

permits

an eycpic'ce t<l

the

the fihn

or-tto

elepieccpr<>jccti<tn

telcscr4tc,

plar-re.

(ancl

thc

bc placccl bet'uveen

projecting

Tl-ris mcthocl vestly incleescs

hus u

(A

right-anglc

lrrvcr-ticr-tcc f<>r

rr

planets)

tr.rl.lc. T'his

the tclescopic

to cleter-

r'ec1r-rires

wise

metcr-

time,

sharp

ject;

virtually'

r ir.rsurc

11000

12nrr.r.r

ccnter-

the

Bausch
Telescope

the

to

The

Optical

System

effective

table lists

F ratios

50mm
30mm

18mm

12.7

9mm

Because

essential

the

with

eyepiece
eyepiece

eyepiece

mm

eyepiece - 13,200mm

eyepiece

of

that there is

It is importar"rt

longer

the

exposure tinte requirccl. F<tr

g

iven

an

F

/56

The

j

ob

ec t

exposure

7/60,F

utilization

photographic

effective

focal ler-rgtl-rs,

dimmer and

\{tren

the

ally,

one-fourth

eye. The fielcl

Tl-ris

instrurnent is

whicl-r

procluces

than ar-r1,other

I-omb'

&

and

focal length

approxin-rate

varying

3,360mrn

-

5,600mm

-

9,300mrn

-

18,600mm

-

these extremely

to know

be ing pl-rotograp

1/1000

of

/931/1.5,F /732

gmnr

<tf a

limit for

Telephoto

of tl-re syster-r-r. T'l-re f<tlkrwing

effective focal lengths

eycpieces.

(F
(F

(F

(F-l186)

no vil'rratit>n

tl-rat thc higher

sec<lucl, I,-/33 reqr,rires1/125,

7/8

<tcr.rlar is

rr-ttrclel 4000.

tl-re

thc irr.rage ltecontcs

consecluently more

power

is

doublccl

light reacl-res

the

<>f view is

also uarxtwccl lty

a Schmiclt-Cussegrain tcIescr4te,

sharpcr inragcs

te lcscoltc

clcsign.

Criterion

I-ens

/

33)

/

56)

/

93)

(F

132)

/

high magnificatior)s,

ancl

tltat tl"re air is still.

Ir ratio,

the

instance, if

l-recl'.rt

F

12 rccl r-r i res

/

F/1U6

ancl

ab<tut thc

clifficr-rlt to focns.

photographicelly

the fllnr

<lvcr a

1/4 secor-rcl.

practical

\7ith incrc,asing

incrcasingly

or tl.re

ltlar-re

one-half.

wiclcr,

flattcr fielcl

4OOO"

and

ir is

the

a

visu-

or

::D

-\

-t\

Light

(A),

plate

(l)),

is rcllcctecl

reflcctccl

(D)

rvhcrc

clrtcls thc

is

thr<luglr u lrolc in

thc

o1'lticul systct'r)

cr>llcctccl

t<l the snr:rll

inlrgc

througl'r the

l;1,thc

concavc slthcrical rrrirror

nrirnrr

ltrin.rary

g>int

I'l-ris

lirlrnecl.

is

convcx

thc

c<>rrcct<>r

(C)

mirror

is knctwn as

ancl is

ptlint

to

Care

Optics

Of

Fine

the

Cassegrain

referred

deflects

The

use

tion

of the

The

degree

depends

image.

A rule

magnification

of the

telesc<tpe lens;

thus using

50x,

under

ideal

expect

to use this maximum power.

Ve

can determine

eyepiece
of the telescope.

6mm

eyepiece,

model

4000

produces

utilized

and

occasiorlally

obfects in the

power

eyepieces will

will

be

brighter ancl have more

which

of

determined

Exceecling

will

result in what

This

simply means

larger,

it has lost

The front

is

coated with

transmission

frequent
performance.
shbuld
offend

instrument's

be

one's sensibilities,

\7hen

front

lens,

followed:

most

camera stores) remove

focus and

to as the

this light
of an eyepiece permits

"real"

of magnification

upon

the

of thumb

in

atmospheric and lighting

by dividing its

by 6mm ancl we

200x.

on very

slcy, such as the Ring Nebula,

eyepiece to use

by

experience.

the upper

Schmidt

magnesium

and

cleaning

Our natural

subdued. Although

performance.

it

becomes absolutely

it is imperative

First,

using

"real"

90

image.

a telescope is

a 6mm eyepiece will provide

the formecl image

image.

degrees

quality

and the

tells us that

however,

The

star diagonal

upward for viewing

a high power

that

can be employed

brightness

the upper

per

60x

a

inch

more

realistic limit is

conditions, we can

power

the

focal length

To

calculare

divide

tl-re 1200mm focal

The highest powers

bright terrestrial

the brighter planets.

serve us better bccause

power

astronomers

that although

contrast

corrector lens

to

enhance colltrast. Improper

of this

a squeeze bulb

being

clelivered by

into

the focal length

power produced

the

length

fincl tl-rat

varying

on

limitations

and sharpness

fluoricle

element will soon

tendency

a

it has virtually

that these instructions

this combination

can be successfully

objects, rhe moon

\X4:ren viewing

the lower

contrast.

call

an

thin

necessary

The

objecrs

of any telescope

"crlpty

image

rr-ragnification'l

may appear

of cletail.

<tf tl-rc m<tclcl 4000

ir-rcrcasc

to

towarcl clcarrliness

laycr

of

n<t

to clean the

blower

as much

dust ancl

is often

prism

comfort.

examina-

the real

of

limit

of

of diameter

200x and

any

by

of the

dim

the image

selection

will

be

light

and

clcgracle its

r-r-ray

ch.rsr

ef'fcct on the

be

(solcl

in

clirt as

Bausch

Telescope

possible.
stroke

cotton

stroke

cotton.

surface for more
procedure,

lay,er

of

strrface witl-r

procedure

The front lens

other elepieces may be

surfaces

long

So

kept

a

Optical

Alignment

coverecl, intemal

shoulcl
the interior

warm

area, ullcover thc rcar holc lrncl alk>w tl.rc n]oisturc:

to

evaporate.

must

be

Lomb for instrlrctions.

&

The

mirrors

factory

instrument

prolongecl

movecl

bright

certair-r

temperatrl rc
image r.rntil

approxir.nate

this or-rt-of-f<>cus

erly

collirratccl, tl'rc

hor,rsing

f<lcr-rs

circlc as in l'igure A. ll'this shuclow ir,i

with

the

instrurnent

& I.omb'

and

Next,

off the remaincler. Now

slightly

the surlace

Change the cotton <>ftcr-r so us to avoicl trsirrg its

gently

n-roistr"rre

clry c()tt()rr.

ltnc| neuer

ger-rtly

ancl

as the rear <>pcning <lf thc nrain opticxl tube is

never

be necessary. Sl-ror.rlcl conclerrsation

optical surfaces, l'rring

If, in

cleanecl, cor-rsult thc

corrector lcns

yor-rr

of

ancl shoulcl nevcl ncecl rcurljusting r.rnless

has bcen subjcctccl

vibration.

out of alignmeut.

star l-rigl-r

yor-rr

tl-rat

as

thc

ly onc-clr.urrtcr'

will

ap1-rcur

out-ol'-fr>ctrs

is in r.rcccl <ll'c<llIinlrtion.

fine

take a

clan-rper-recl

o[ tl-re

than

or-rc

breatl-re

(clistillccl

r-rse

of the fincler scope, its

rvilting with soti,

clcaning

timc,

ancl thc

rnoclel 4000 rvcrc precisior-r

Only

ir-r the sky using

te lcscol-rc h:rs rcachccl

prcvior,rsll,

rcsulturrt

cilclc culcl'ull1,.

l'lllcli

1'rcrlcctll,

circlc:rs

Criterion

Telephoto

carrel's

with

lcr.rs rvhile

strokc. Itrlkrrving

<tn tl-rc

Net,er

cl,cgluss clcaning tissr.rcs.

clcanecl bl,brcathiug on their

it

appcurs thut thc

'li)

cl

circlc of

inrrcr shuclow <>f

l-rair brr.rsh

piccc

take a

Winclcx ancl

constantl],

lcns

which rvill leave a

rvatcr) uncl

clevittte

Br-rsltncll

ltrinrary

scconclary r.nirror

thc

cl'rcck collimation,

iscussccl.

o['thc

ccutcrecl

gcrrtll, polish

lirrm

cl,epiecc ancl all

clc:rn

<>lthc <1'rtical

tclcscopc into zr

thc

clivisior.r of

ancl scconclary

t() scvcrc sl.rock or

thc

3Orr.rm

the ar.nl>icnt

I)e[<rcr,rs

)

light

is

ficlcl

of vicw, ancl stucly

ll'the

instrurr.ncut

withir.t

4OOO"

I-ens

gently

uncl

soft, fi'esl-r

of

vcq,gcntl,v

rotlrtius

this

tl-ris

c()tt()u.

clcmcnts

torn'r

internal

Ilausch

alignecl at tl-re

tlte

can

lt>cate

cyepiece.

tl-rc

expanclecl

is prop-

scc<>nclary

thc

the oLlt-of-

uot concentric

in ligr.rrc I3, y<tur

the

the

on

<>ptics

be

a

(Be

star

rt

lr

Bausch

&I-omb' Criterion

Telescope

and

Telephoto

4OOO"

I-ens

Figure

A

Pr<4rerly

S1'stem

Figure

Collimatccl

B

Out of Cr>llir.natior-r

CIIECKING

ltright

neccl

Stelt I
Stcll
the fielcl of vicw
Stcp

brought

COLLIMATION

star intagc. If

of

colliulrtion.

Iriclcl

in

thisclircctit>r.r

Stcp 1

[)cternrinc

-

2

Usirtg

-

Acljust

3

-

back

of Vicu,

tlte

tlte

to thc center

OUT

Ttr

chcck the colliruation ol'yrul

-

tltc or.rt olfircus

circlc

Irielcl

@

tlre clircction torl,arcls rvhich

Il.A.

:trttl I)[iC.

in thc clirecrion

scrervs

3

ct>ntrols, rtxrvc

tllrt the shurkrrv is oll

on the secontlarl,lroltler

of the fie kl. liepert Steps

='o

FOCT]S IN I,'OCT]S

OF

lrppcars uri ilt Irigur('l],

ol Vicu,

Stup

2

Figure

C

lhc ir.rncr slr:rtlos' is oll

tlrc out ol li rt us cirt lt. to

ccnlcr',

rrntil tlrc tlLrt ol lirt'rrs

if

1-3

r.lcccss:rrr'.

Figure D

to

o

,l

o

Nkrclcl 4000

tlre instrLrnrent is ir.r

Irickl

rlcfircus a

ol

@

SIL'l)

.l

t t,rrtt,r'.

llrt. trlgt.

ilclt, is

t

Vics,

To recollimate

eyepiece

at the out-of-focus circle

mine the clirection towarcls which thc

center. Using the controls to

in

the direction that the

out-of-focus

figure

screws

until

the out-of-focus

of

the

central screw of thc scconctary
secondary screws is

fractions

the image after

on

screws or

circle

Now rnake vcry fir-re acljLrstl)rcntli

C).

on the outsicle Of

(see

fielcl

ctf a turn

penranent

only be tightenecl to a

If

scrcw bcconrcs ttxr tight cltrring lrcljustntcnt,

onc

loosen

too loose,
procedure

focus
of the seconclary

As a final

highest power

If

the <>thcr two. C<urvcr.se

tightcn tl'rc

using

circle is

check,

necessary,

rcpcat thc collir.natiou

instrurnent, l(x)k thrrrr.rgl't thc

the

ancl carefirlly cleter-

shuckrw is <ll[,

movc

shackrw

is on thc cclge ol tl-re

the sccor]claty

image is lrrotrght lxrck to

figr,rrc D). Nclcr uttenrpt t() lrcljust

out-ol'lilclrs circlc

tl'rc

is

<llt, cer-rtcr

fie lcl ol'vicw

nrirx>r's housing

<>l'thc three

lxlusing. Acljr,rstrlent of the

cxtreurcly

()n

each

rxher two.

yr>r-rr

pcrfectly

l.rousing

rcplacc thc

cycpiecc

sct.tsitivc.

scrcw uncl obscrvc thc cf'fcct

each

acljustr.r-rcnt.

clan.ragc

"snull"

30r.r-u.r.r

may lesr.rlt.'fhey shoulcl

tightncss.

ly, il'onc

ll<:peut

cyclticcc

c()lrccntric

sltowrt in

as

30n.rr.r.r

ancl

checli

[lsc rnrl.l,strtctll

rtrt.forcc

-1)()

screw

tlte collintati<>n

Lllltil tltc ottt-of'-

with

inncr shaclitw

thc

ligurc A.

cycpiece
thc collirtruti<trt

ltr<lcctlurc

ulttil thc

(lrc

ltcc<trncs

yor,rr

with

with tl-rc

30urrn

(sce

ccnter

thc

tltc

ltgltiu.

high power.

givc

is llrct<>ry

llr';rl<e Lever

Arljustment

ol'

The right asccr-tsiou

braking action an(l shor-rlcl

after rluch Llsc,
slippagc is n<>ticeublc, thcrc

acljustn-rent.

plastic

Then tigl-rtcrt

ofi.

with

to ove

clisengagc ch.rrirtg

lever as [:tr itve
the n.retal

yor-r will ncve

that

screw ancl the

Yrr-r

levcr. [.<xlscn this scrcw;.tucl

brakc

hex wrcnch

a

r

tightcrt

wull o['thc

t'to thc

ltlakc

lrral<c

ltraliing acti()lt

thc

n()te rt set screw

will

lctttltirting

thc

to tltc tightttcss

l'lrtll<c

<>r tltc

usc. Ntlw

leli lts

lirrl< rtt'trt.'l'llis

lclt

l tightcn

lcvcr

ntrcly

is

l

lcve

rclllrtcc thc

ltossilllc

l):tst

will ttgairt

sct

t()

rtcecl rcltcljr.tstrttcrtt.

(lccrcltscs

sinrltle

sockct cltp

this

llrovisitltt

()rt

ortc sicle o['thc

clraw thc

scrcw

clcsirccl.

r will not ct>nrlllctely

;llastic

so tllllt

is

cltluc

lloirlt.'l'ightcu

lle t4leral>lc.

lirtll

lt

st>r.uc

ttttcl

lirr

lcve r

clown

Ilc careftl

witlt

c:tp

it t<lttches

iusttre

to

the set

11

ll<>t

its

lllrrst|lrlt,s
sclcws

l() lrtljrrsl irr StCps 1-3

tlrt,trltltr.lr|lrncc

Ot tlre 1l-ont sccr>nrl:trV

tlrrxc.

ht>lcler.'lhe arrorvs itrclicetc

tlrr:1tro1tcr

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N.C.

Gcorgia

Nlainc

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ll,trrlirrr,
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