Bausch & Lomb 78-0045 User Manual

PROFESSIONAL 4.5 INCH CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPE

MODEL 78-0045

1

18

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1. Rack & Pinion Focusing Mechanism

2. Finderscope

3. Telescope Body

4. Right Ascension Axis

5. Counterweight

6. Counterweight Shaft

7. Fine Adjustment Cables

8. Aluminum Tripod Leg (3)

9. Accessory tray Supports

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10. Tripod Leg Lock Knob

11. Accessory Tray

12. Tripod Leg Middle Section

13. Latitude Adjustment Screw

14. Latitude Scale

15. Declination Axis

16. Primary Mirror

17. Cradles (2)

18. 1.25 Format Eyepiece

Never Look Directly At The Sun With Your Telescope

Permanent Damage To Your Eyes May Occur

TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

Remove all components from the carton and identify all components.

READ THROUGH ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTION BEFORE YOU ASSEMBLE YOUR
TELESCOPE

SET-UP TRIPOD

1. Remove the three tripod legs (8) and Equatorial Mounting System (pre-assembled together)
from carton.

2. Spread tripod legs (8) until accessory tray supports (9) are fully extended.

3. Attach accessory tray (11) by inserting bolt on underside of accessory tray (11) through
accessory tray support (9) center hole. Tighten accessory tray nut onto bolt.

4. Beginning with one Tripod Leg (8) loosen Tripod Leg Lock Knob (10) that secures Tripod Leg
Middle Section (12) and extend the Tripod Leg Middle Section (12).

5. Tighten the Tripod Leg Lock Knob (10) so that the Tripod Leg Middle Section (12) won't
slide.

6. Repeat on remaining two Tripod Legs (8).

ATTACH FINDERSCOPE, COUNTERWEIGHT AND TELESCOPE

1. Remove Telescope Body (3) and Finderscope (2) from carton.

2. Remove nuts located near the Rack & Pinion Focusing Mechanism (1) on Telescope Body (3).

3. Attach Finderscope (2) to Telescope Body (3) by inserting the screws extending from the
Telescope Body (3) into the holes in the base of the Finderscope (2).

4. Refasten nuts so that Finderscope (2) is secure.

5. Remove Counterweight (5) and Counterweight Shaft (6) from carton.

6. Slide Counterweight (5) onto the Counterweight Shaft (6) and tighten thumb screw to secure.

7. Thread Counterweight Shaft (6) into the hole on the bottom of the Declination Column of the
mount (near the Declination Axis), making sure it is tight.

8. Attach two Cradles (17) to the top of the Equatorial Mount as shown.

9. Remove Cradle Locking Clamps of the two Cradles (17) and open the Cradles (17) in
preparation of placing Telescope Body(3) onto mount.

10. Set Telescope Body (3) into Cradles (17) making sure that the Finderscope(2) is on top.

11. Close Cradles (17) around Telescope Body (3) and tighten Cradle Locking Clamps so that the
Telescope Body (3) is secure.

ATTACH FINE ADJUSTMENT CABLES

1. Remove Fine Adjustment Cables (7) from carton.

2. Attach Fine Adjustment Cable (7) to one of the silver posts just under the Right Ascension
Dial (on top of the Right Ascension Axis (4)) Note: Both Right and Left hand Positions are

Provided

3. Secure by finger tightening set screw on shaft.

4. Attach second Fine Adjustment Cable (7) to the silver post of the Declination Axis (15).

5. Secure by finger tightening set screw on shaft.

BALANCE TELESCOPE

1. Loosen Cradle Locking Clamps and Counterweight Thumb Screw.

2. Position Telescope Body (3) and Counterweight (5) to achieve desired balance.

3. Tighten Cradle Locking Clamps and Counterweight Thumb Screw to secure the balanced
telescope and mount into place.

THE FINAL STEPS

1. Remove 1.25" Format Eyepiece (18) from carton.

2. Insert into Rack & Pinion Focusing Mechanism (1).

3. Remove Protective Dust Cover from end of telescope nearest the Rack & Pinion Focusing
Mechanism (1).

4. Let the adventure begin.

Your Bausch & Lomb Telescope is now ready to be used. To obtain the fullest enjoyment from
your telescope, please refer to the following additional information.

Astronomical Telescopes are designed in such a way that the image you will see appear will be
UPSIDE DOWN and REVERSED, this is acceptable for viewing celestial bodies.

TELESCOPE USE

SELECTING AN EYEPIECE:

1. You should always start viewing with the lowest power eyepiece, which in this case is the 25
mm lens. Note: the base power of each eyepiece is determined by the focal length of the
telescope objective element, which for this model is 1000 mm. A formula can be used to
determine the power of each eyepiece: telescope OBJECTIVE mirror focal length
EYEPIECE focal length = MAGNIFICATION (e.g. Using the 25 mm lens, the calculation

would look like this: 1000 mm ÷ 25mm = 40x or 40 power.)

2. Included with this telescope is a Barlow lens. Barlow lenses are used to double or triple the
power of your telescope. Place your Barlow between the focusing tube and the eyepiece.
Using the example above, your 2x Barlow lens would give you a total power of 80x or 80
power. (40 x 2 = 80x or 80 power)

FOCUSING TELESCOPE:

1. After selecting the desired eyepiece, aim main telescope tube at a land-based target at least
200 yards away (e.g. A telephone pole or building). Fully extend focusing tube by turning
Rack & Pinion Focusing Mechanism (1)

2. While looking through selected eyepiece (in this case the 25 mm), slowly retract focusing
tube by turning Rack & Pinion Focusing Mechanism (1) until object comes into focus.

ALIGNING FINDERSCOPE:

1. Look through low-power 1.25" format eyepiece (18) and establish a well-defined target (see
focusing telescope section). Tighten all lock knobs (Declination, Latitude, Right Ascension,
Horizontal Axis and Cradle) so that telescope’s aim is not disturbed.

2. Looking through Finderscope (2), alternate tightening each Finderscope Adjustment Screw
surrounding the Finderscope (2) in the Finderscope Mount until crosshairs of Finderscope (2)
are precisely centered on the same object already centered in Main Telescope Tube's field of
view as seen through the 1.25" Format Eyepiece (18).

3. Now, objects located first with the Finderscope (2) will be centered in the field of view of the
main telescope as seen through the 1.25" Format Eyepiece (18).

UNDERSTANDING THE EQUATORIAL MOUNT

The Equatorial Mount is designed to move in any direction. It can be set to
allow manual controls to track the movements of celestial bodies across the
sky. This is referred to as diurnal movement; movement of celestial bodies in
the direction opposite to that of the earth’s rotation and is around the earth’s
axis.

By aligning the telescope’s polar axis (also referred to as the Right Ascension
Axis (4)) with celestial North, you will place the telescope in parallel with the
earth’s axis and thus be able to locate stars in the sky based on star atlas
information. To compensate for your position on earth, the polar axis is set in
one of three ways:

• Set up the telescope at night. Loosen the Declination Axis (15) and rotate

the telescope around the declination axis until the arrow on the
declination scale points to 90 degrees. Tighten the Declination Axis (15). The telescope is now
roughly in parallel with the polar axis.

• Loosen the Right Ascension Axis (4) and turn the telescope until the objective end faces due

north. The objective end for reflector telescopes is nearest the Rack and Pinion Focusing
Mechanism (1). This can be done by approximating the location of the pole star (Polaris or
North Star) or by the use of a compass. True North is then found by directing the telescope at
Polaris, as magnetic North is slightly away from true North.

• Look up the latitude of your area in any geographical atlas. Adjust the Latitude Adjustment

Screw (13) and set the Latitude Scale (14) to the correct latitude for your area. Aim the
Finderscope (2) at Polaris. You will probably notice that Polaris is not dead center in the
Finderscope's (2) field of view. This is probably because your telescope is not absolutely level
with the ground. Loosen the thumb screw located directly under the equatorial mount. This
can be found in the center of the underside of the mount very close to the position where the
Aluminum Tripod Legs (8) attach to the mount. Turn the telescope so that it is directly
aimed at Polaris. Tighten both the thumb screw and Latitude Adjustment Screw (13). Polaris
is 1 degree from the North celestial pole. Therefore, the sighting of stars will have to be
slightly adjusted as you locate them in the heavens.

Enjoying Your New Telescope

1. First determine your targeted object. Any bright object in the night sky is a good starting
point. One of the favorite starting points in astronomy is the moon. This is an object sure to
please any budding astronomer or experienced veteran. When you have developed
proficiency at this level, other objects become good targets. Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, and Venus
are good second steps to take.

2. The first thing you need to do after assembling the telescope as planned is center the desired
object in the finderscope's cross hairs. Provided you did a reasonable job aligning the
finderscope, a quick look through the main telescope tube at low power should reveal the
same image. With the lowest power eyepiece (the one with the largest number printed on it)
you should be able to focus the same image that you saw through the finderscope. Avoid the
temptation to move directly to the highest power. The low power eyepiece will give you a
wider field of view, and brighter image--thus making it very easy to find your target object.
At this point with a focused image in both scopes, you've passed the first obstacle. If you
don't see an image after attempting to focus it in, you might consider aligning your
finderscope again. Once you pass this step, you'll will enjoy the time spent ensuring a good
alignment. Every object you center in the finderscope will be easily found in the main
telescope tube, which is important for continuing your exploration of the night sky.

3. The low power eyepieces are perfect for viewing the full moon, planets, star clusters, nebulae,
and even constellations. These should build your foundation. However, for more detail, try
bumping up in magnification to higher power eyepieces on some of these objects. During
calm and crisp nights, the light/dark separation line on the moon (called the "Terminator") is
marvelous at high power. You can see mountains, ridges and craters jump out at you due to
the highlights. Similarly, you can move up to higher magnifications on the planets and
nebulae. Star clusters and stars are best viewed through the low power no matter what.

4. The recurring astronomical theater we call the night sky is an ever-changing billboard. In
other words, not the same movie plays all the time. Rather, the positions of the stars change
not only hourly as they seem to rise and set, but also throughout the year. As the earth orbits
the sun our perspective on the stars changes on a yearly cycle about that orbit. The reason
the sky seems to move daily just as the sun and the moon "move" across our sky, is that the
earth is rotating about its axis. As a result you may notice that after a few minutes or a few
seconds depending on what power you are viewing at, the objects in your telescope will
move. At higher magnifications especially, you will notice that the moon or Jupiter will
"race" right out of the field of view. To compensate, just move the fine adjustment controls
on your telescope to "track" it in the necessary path.

Helpful Hints

1. Your telescope is a very sensitive instrument. For best results and fewer vibrations set your
telescope up on a level location on the ground rather than your concrete driveway or your
wooden deck. This will provide a more stable foundation for viewing, especially if you've
drawn a crowd with your new telescope.

2. If possible view from a location that has relatively few lights. This will allow you to see
much fainter objects. You'd be surprised how much more you'll see from your local lake or
park when compared to a backyard in the city.

3. Using your telescope out a window is NEVER recommended.

4. View objects that are high in the sky if possible. Waiting until the object rises well above the
horizon will provide a brighter and crisper image. Objects on the horizon are viewed
through several layers of earth's atmosphere. Ever wonder why the moon appears orange as
it sets on the horizon. It's because you are looking through a considerable more amount of
atmosphere than you would directly overhead. (Note: If objects high in the sky are distorted
or wavy, you are probably viewing on a very humid night.) During nights of unstable
atmosphere, viewing through a telescope can be frustrating if not impossible. Astronomers
refer to crisp, clear nights as nights of "good seeing."

Where do I start?

Your Bausch & Lomb telescope can bring the wonders of the universe to your eye. While this
manual is intended to assist you in the set-up and basic use of this instrument, it does not cover
everything you might like to know about astronomy. The first thing you need to do is get a very
simple star chart and a flashlight with a red bulb or red cellophane over the end. For objects
other than stars and constellations, a basic guide to astronomy is a must. Some recommended
sources appear on our website at www.bushnell.com. Also on our website will be current events
in the sky for suggested viewing. But, some of the standbys that you can see are:

The Moon--a wonderful view of our lunar neighbor can be enjoyed with any magnification. Try
viewing at different phases of the moon. Lunar highlands, lunar maria (lowlands called "seas"
for their dark coloration), craters, ridges and mountains will astound you.

Saturn--even at the lowest power you should be able to see Saturn's rings and moons. This is one
of the most satisfying objects in the sky to see simply because it looks like it does in pictures.
Imagine seeing what you've seen in textbooks or NASA images from your backyard!

Jupiter--the largest planet in our solar system is spectacular. Most noted features are its dark
stripes or bands both above and below its equator. These are the north and south equatorial
belts. Also interesting are Jupiter's four major moons. Pay close attention to their positions from
night to night. They appear to be lined up on either side of Jupiter.

Mars--The Great Red Planet appears as a reddish-orange disk. Look at different times of the year
and try to catch a glimpse of the white polar ice caps.

Venus--just like the moon, Venus changed phases from month to month. Some views of brilliant
Venus appear as if you were looking at a distant crescent moon.

Nebulae--The Great Orion Nebula is a very well known night sky object. This and many others
are brought to you by this telescope.

Star Clusters--View millions of stars densely packed in a cluster that resembles a ball.

Galaxies--One of the greatest and most interesting galaxies is our neighbor the Andromeda
Galaxy. Enjoy this and many others.

Much, much, more!

For further questions or additional information please contact:

Bushnell Sports Optics Worldwide

9200 Cody

Overland Park, KS 66214

www.bushnell.com

ANSWERS TO COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS

• An upside-down and reversed image is a

• The power of your telescope can be determine

• The telescope focal length is the same focal

• Telescopes with power ranging from 25X to

• The numbers on the eyepiece represents the

• Check to see if objective lens cover and all

• Try to view an object that is 200 or more

• If there is more than one eyepiece included

1. The image I see in the telescope is upside down and
reversed from right to left ?

2. How do I determine the power my telescope ?

3. Where do I find the Telescope Focal Length

common characteristic of most astronomical
telescopes. Since telescopes are used for
astronomical viewing orientation is not important.
The image in the finderscope will also be upside
down and reversed.

by dividing the focal length of the objective lens by
the focal length of the eyepiece. The eyepiece focal
length is the number printed on the eyepiece. (For
example: 1000 ÷ 25 = 40X)

length as the objective focal length. For this
telescope it is 1000mm. Telescope focal lengths
range from 600mm to 1000mm on Bausch & Lomb
and Bushnell telescopes.

4. What can I see with my telescope ?

5. What do the numbers on the eyepiece mean ?

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

If after you have set-up your new telescope you are unable to see any objects, use this Quick

Reference guide to help you to understand the cause of the problem and quickly determine a remedy

1. I’ve completed the set-up yet I cannot see anything

50X can be used to view Star Clusters and Nebulae.
90X to 120X telescope can view galaxies. Most
planets can be seen at any magnification.

“focal Length” of the eyepiece.

other lens covers have been removed.

yards away.

with the telescope, use the lowest power

• Use the Rack & Pinion Focusing Mechanism to

(highest number) eyepiece to begin viewing.

bring the object you are trying to view into
focus