Avaya IP Multicasting User Manual

Conﬁguring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

BayRS V ersion 12.00 Site Manager Software Version 6.00

Part No. 117355-A Rev. A September 1997

4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara, CA 95054 Billerica, MA 01821

and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty . Users must tak e full responsibility for their applications of an y products speciﬁed in this document. The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks, Inc.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license. A summary of the Software License is included in this document.

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All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.

Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of, this computer software, the rights of the United States Government regarding its use, reproduction, and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19.

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Portions of the code in this software product are Copyright © 1988, Regents of the Univ ersity of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without speciﬁc prior written permission.

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Bay Networks, Inc. Software License Agreement

NOTICE:

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Please carefully read this license agreement before copying or using the accompanying software or

117355-A Rev. A

BY COPYING OR USING THE SOFTWARE, YOU A CCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. THE TERMS EXPRESSED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE THE ONLY TERMS UNDER WHICH BAY NETWORKS WILL PERMIT YOU TO USE THE SOFTWARE. If you do not accept these terms and conditions, return the product, unused and in the original shipping container, within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price

1. License Grant.

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Bay Networks and/or its licensors retain all title and ownership in both the Software and user manuals, including any revisions made by Bay Networks or its licensors. The copyright notice must be reproduced and included with any copy of any portion of the Software or user manuals. Licensee may not modify, translate, decompile, disassemble, use for any competitive analysis, reverse engineer, distribute, or create derivative works from the Software or user manuals or any copy, in whole or in part. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, Licensee may not copy or transfer the Software or user manuals, in whole or in part. The Software and user manuals embody Bay Networks’ and its licensors’ conﬁdential and proprietary intellectual property. Licensee shall not sublicense, assign, or otherwise disclose to any third party the Software, or any information about the operation, design, performance, or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is conﬁdential to Bay Networks and its licensors; however, Licensee may grant permission to its consultants, subcontractors, and agents to use the Software at Licensee’s f acility, provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this license.

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IN NO EVENT WILL BAY NETWORKS OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY

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jurisdiction, the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the state of California.

Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement, contact Ba y Networks, Inc., 4401 Great America P arkway, P.O. Box 58185, Santa Clara, California 95054-8185.

LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT, UNDERSTANDS IT, AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS. LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN BAY NETWORKS AND LICENSEE, WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT. NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST BAY NETWORKS UNLESS BAY NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT, INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT.

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This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the

This license is effective until terminated; however, all of the restrictions with respect to

Licensee agrees not to export, directly or indirectly, the Software or related technical data

117355-A Rev. A

About This Guide

Before You Begin .............................................................................................................xvi

Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................xvii

Ordering Bay Networks Publications .............................................................................xviii

Bay Networks Customer Service .....................................................................................xix

How to Get Help ..............................................................................................................xix

Chapter 1 Multicasting and Multimedia Overview

Multicast Host Groups ....................................................................................................1-2

Multicast Addresses .......................................................................................................1-3

Internet Group Management Protocol ............................................................................1-3

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol ....................................................................1-3

Multicast Extensions to OSPF ........................................................................................1-4

Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF ..........................................................................1-4

Resource Reservation Protocol ......................................................................................1-4

Bay Networks Resource Manager ..................................................................................1-4

Multicast Table Manager .................................................................................................1-5

Chapter 2 Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Starting IGMP .................................................................................................................2-2

Starting DVMRP .............................................................................................................2-3

Starting MOSPF .............................................................................................................2-4

Starting RSVP ................................................................................................................2-5

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Chapter 3 Customizing IGMP

IGMP Concepts and Terminology ...................................................................................3-2

IGMP Queries ..........................................................................................................3-2

IGMP Host Reports ..................................................................................................3-3

Host Leave Messages ..............................................................................................3-3

Customizing Global IGMP ..............................................................................................3-4

Enabling and Disabling IGMP ..................................................................................3-5

Estimating the Number of Groups ............................................................................3-6

Specifying a Version Threshold Time .......................................................................3-8

Conﬁguring Logging .................................................................................................3-9

Enabling Join Acknowledgments ............................................................................3-10

Specifying a Forwarding Cache Limit .....................................................................3-11

Customizing IGMP on an Interface ...............................................................................3-12

Enabling and Disabling IGMP on an Interface .......................................................3-13

Specifying a Query Rate ........................................................................................3-14

Specifying a Membership Timeout Interval ............................................................3-16

Specifying a Designated Router Timeout Interval ..................................................3-17

Specifying a Maximum Host Response Time .........................................................3-18

Specifying the Lifetime of a Cache Entry for Mtrace ..............................................3-19

Conﬁguring a Static Host Entry ....................................................................................3-20

Chapter 4 Customizing DVMRP

DVMRP Concepts and Terminology ...............................................................................4-2

Neighbor Connections ..............................................................................................4-2

Source Route Advertisements .................................................................................4-4

How DVMRP Chooses a Route ...............................................................................4-5

Routing Table ...........................................................................................................4-6

Shortest-Path Trees ..................................................................................................4-7

Customizing DVMRP Globally ........................................................................................4-8

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP ...........................................................................4-9

Setting the Update Interval ....................................................................................4-10

Conﬁguring Tree Pruning .......................................................................................4-11

Conﬁguring DVMRP Timers ...................................................................................4-12

Setting the Route Expiration Timer ..................................................................4-12

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Setting the Garbage Timer ..............................................................................4-13

Setting the Neighbor Report Timer ..................................................................4-14

Setting the Leaf Timer .....................................................................................4-15

Specifying a Probe Interval ....................................................................................4-16

Specifying a Route Switch Interval ........................................................................4-17

Estimating the Number of Routes ..........................................................................4-18

Logging Debugging Messages ...............................................................................4-19

Specifying the Maximum Number of Routes ..........................................................4-20

Enabling and Disabling Routing Policies ................................................................4-21

Customizing DVMRP on a Circuit .................................................................................4-22

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP on a Circuit .....................................................4-22

Disabling Multicast Support on a Unicast Tunnel ...................................................4-23

Calculating a Route Metric and Comparing Route Costs ......................................4-24

Specifying a Threshold ...........................................................................................4-25

Conﬁguring a Forwarding Table ..............................................................................4-27

Disabling Advertisement of Local Networks ...........................................................4-29

Advertising a Default Route ...................................................................................4-30

Listening for a Default Route ..................................................................................4-31

Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor ..................................4-32

Conﬁguring a Tunnel .....................................................................................................4-33

Supplying Addresses for the Tunnel .......................................................................4-34

Disabling and Reenabling the Tunnel .....................................................................4-35

Choosing the Encapsulation Mode ........................................................................4-36

Specifying the Cost ................................................................................................4-37

Specifying a TTL ....................................................................................................4-38

Conﬁguring a Forwarding Table for the Tunnel .......................................................4-39

Advertising a Default Route ...................................................................................4-41

Listening for a Default Route ..................................................................................4-42

Specifying an Encapsulation Mode for Control Messages .....................................4-43

Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor ..................................4-44

Chapter 5 Customizing OSPF Multicast Extensions

MOSPF Overview ...........................................................................................................5-2

Conﬁguring MOSPF Globally .........................................................................................5-4

Enabling Deterministic Multicasting .........................................................................5-5

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vii

Specifying a Forwarding Timeout Value ...................................................................5-6

Specifying a Maximum Number of Queued Packets ................................................5-7

Enabling Dynamic TTL .............................................................................................5-8

Conﬁguring Multicast Forwarding on an OSPF Interface ...............................................5-9

Chapter 6 Conﬁguring QOSPF

Enabling the Deterministic Hold-Down Feature ..............................................................6-3

Enabling Route Pinning ..................................................................................................6-4

Enabling the Opaque Capability .....................................................................................6-5

Enabling the Opaque Capability on an Interface ............................................................6-6

Chapter 7 Conﬁguring RSVP

How RSVP Works ...........................................................................................................7-2

Conﬁguring RSVP Globally ............................................................................................7-4

Disabling and Reenabling RSVP .............................................................................7-4

Choosing a Slot ........................................................................................................7-5

Conﬁguring RSVP Message Logging ......................................................................7-6

Conﬁguring RSVP on an Interface .................................................................................7-7

Disabling and Reenabling RSVP on an Interface .....................................................7-7

Setting the RSVP Default Refresh Timer .................................................................7-8

Setting the RSVP Default Lifetime Multiplier ............................................................7-9

Setting the RSVP Refresh Blockade Multiplier ......................................................7-10

Setting the TTL Override ........................................................................................7-11

Setting the Route Delay Value ...............................................................................7-12

Enabling and Disabling UDP Encapsulation ..........................................................7-13

Chapter 8 Reserving Line Resources

About Line Resource Reservation ..................................................................................8-2

Resource Manager ...................................................................................................8-2

Supported Media ......................................................................................................8-3

How the Resource Manager Works with RSVP ..............................................................8-3

Setting the Estimated Bandwidth ....................................................................................8-4

Setting the Reservable Bandwidth .................................................................................8-5

Specifying the Trafﬁc Queuing Algorithm ........................................................................8-6

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Specifying the LRM Policing Algorithm ...........................................................................8-7

Setting the Bandwidth Interval ........................................................................................8-8

Setting the Inﬂate Reservations Percentage ..................................................................8-9

Specifying the Unreserved Policing Algorithm ..............................................................8-10

Specifying the Unreserved Queue Length ....................................................................8-11

Specifying the Multiline Select Algorithm ......................................................................8-12

Setting the Multiline Threshold Bandwidth ....................................................................8-13

Setting the Reservation Latency ...................................................................................8-14

Setting the Maximum Reservable Bandwidth for a Dataﬂow ........................................8-15

Setting the Maximum Buffer Space for a Dataﬂow .......................................................8-16

Appendix A Site Manager Parameters

DVMRP Parameters ...................................................................................................... A-2

DVMRP Global Parameters ..................................................................................... A-2

DVMRP Circuit Parameters ..................................................................................... A-7

DVMRP Tunnel Parameters ................................................................................... A-11

IGMP Parameters ........................................................................................................ A-15

IGMP Global Conﬁguration Parameters ................................................................ A-15

IGMP Static Host Parameters ............................................................................... A-17

IGMP Entry Interface Parameters ......................................................................... A-18

IP Conﬁguration Parameters ....................................................................................... A-20

Resource Manager Parameters ...................................................................................A-22

OSPF Parameters for Multicast and QoS Extensions ................................................. A-29

OSPF Global Parameters ..................................................................................... A-29

OSPF Interface Parameters .................................................................................. A-32

RSVP Parameters ....................................................................................................... A-33

RSVP Global Parameters ..................................................................................... A-33

RSVP Interface Parameters .................................................................................. A-34

Appendix B Multicasting Tools

Mtrace ............................................................................................................................ B-2

Mrinfo ............................................................................................................................. B-4

Index

117355-A Rev. A

Figures

Figure 4-1. Multicast Routers .....................................................................................4-3

Figure 5-1. OSPF Autonomous Systems ...................................................................5-3

Figure 6-1. QOSPF Topology .....................................................................................6-2

Figure 7-1. RSVP Path Message ...............................................................................7-2

Figure 7-2. RSVP Reserve Message .........................................................................7-3

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Tables

Table 4-1. Parts of a Routing Table Entry .................................................................4-6

Table 4-2. Recommended TTL and Threshold Values ............................................4-25

Table B-1. Mtrace Command Options ...................................................................... B-2

Table B-2. Mrinfo Command Options ....................................................................... B-4

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xiii

About This Guide

If you are responsible for conﬁguring IGMP, DVMRP, MOSPF, QOSPF, RSVP , or line services, you need to read this guide.

You can now use the Bay Command Console (BCC™) to customize IGMP on a router. In this guide, you will ﬁnd instructions for using both the BCC and Site Manager for IGMP.

If you want to Go to

Learn about IP multicasting and multimedia services Chapter Start IP multicasting and multimedia services on the router Chapter 2 Customize IGMP Chapter 3 Conﬁgure and customize DVMRP Chapter 4 Conﬁgure and customize MOSPF Chapter 5 Conﬁgure and customize QOSPF Chapter 6 Conﬁgure and customize RSVP Chapter 7 Reserve line resources on the router Chapter 8 Obtain information about Site Manager parameters (this is the same

information you obtain using Site Manager online Help) Use multicasting tools Appendix B

Appendix A

117355-A Rev. A

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

. .

Before You Begin

Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new router:

• Install the router (see the installation manual that came with your router).

• Connect the router to the network and create a pilot conﬁguration ﬁle (see

Quick-Starting Routers, Conﬁguring BayStack Remote Access ASN Routers to a Network)

Make sure that you are running the latest version of Bay Networks Site Manager and router software. For instructions, see

7–11.xx to Version 12.00

Conventions

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: if command syntax is you enter

Upgrading Routers from Version

ping

ping 192.32.10.12

, or

Connecting

<ip_address>

bold text

Indicates text that you need to enter, command names, and buttons in menu paths. Example: Enter

Example: Use the Example: ATM DXI > Interfaces >

wfsm &

dinfo

command.

PVCs

identiﬁes the PVCs button in the window that appears when you select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu.

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements. You can choose none, one,

or all of the options.

ellipsis points Horizontal (. . .) and vertical ellipsis points indicate

()

omitted information.

italic text

Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions, new terms, ﬁle and directory names, and book titles.

quotation marks (“ ”) Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book.

xvi

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About This Guide

Acronyms

screen text

Indicates data that appears on the screen. Example:

Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters

separator ( > ) Separates menu and option names in instructions and

internal pin-to-pin wire connections. Example: Protocols > AppleTalk identiﬁes the AppleTalk option in the Protocols menu.

Example: Pin 7 > 19 > 20

vertical line (|) Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the

command. The vertical line separates choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is

show at routes show at routes

AUI Attachment Unit Interface BootP Bootstrap Protocol BRI Basic Rate Interface CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee

(now ITU-T) CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access with collision detection DLCMI Data Link Control Management Interface GUI graphical user interface HDLC high-level data link control IP Internet Protocol ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU-T International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications

(formerly CCITT) LAN local area network MAC media access control MAU media access unit MDI-X media-dependent interface with crossover NBMA nonbroadcast multi-access

nets

, you enter either

show at nets

, but not both.

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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First (Protocol) PPP Point-to-Point Protocol SMDS switched multimegabit data service SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol STP shielded twisted-pair TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Telnet Telecommunication Network TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TPE twisted-pair Ethernet UTP unshielded twisted-pair WAN wide area network

Ordering Bay Networks Publications

To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks® publications, order by part number from Bay Networks Press™ at the following numbers:

xviii

• Phone--U.S./Canada: 888-422-9773

• Phone--International: 510-490-4752

• FAX--U.S./Canada and International: 510-498-2609 The Bay Networks Press catalog is available on the World Wide Web at

support.baynetworks.com/Library/GenMisc

available on the World Wide Web at

support.baynetworks.com/Library/tpubs

. Bay Networks publications are

117355-A Rev. A

Bay Networks Customer Service

You can purchase a support contract from your Bay Networks distributor or authorized reseller, or directly from Bay Networks Services. For information about, or to purchase a Bay Networks service contract, either call your local Bay Networks ﬁeld sales ofﬁce or one of the following numbers:

Region Telephone number Fax number

About This Guide

United States and Canada

Europe 33-4-92-96-69-66 33-4-92-96-69-96 Asia/Paciﬁc 61-2-9927-8888 61-2-9927-8899 Latin America 561-988-7661 561-988-7550

Information about customer service is also available on the World Wide Web at

support.baynetworks.com

How to Get Help

If you purchased a service contract for your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance.

If you purchased a Bay Networks service program, call one of the following Bay Networks Technical Solutions Centers:

800-2LANWAN; then enter Express Routing Code (ERC) 290, when prompted, to purchase or renew a service contract

978-916-8880 (direct)

978-916-3514

117355-A Rev. A

Technical Solutions Center Telephone number Fax number

Billerica, MA 800-2LANWAN 978-916-3514 Santa Clara, CA 800-2LANWAN 408-495-1188 Valbonne, France 33-4-92-96-69-68 33-4-92-96-69-98 Sydney, Australia 61-2-9927-8800 61-2-9927-8811 Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5402-0180 81-3-5402-0173

xix

Chapter 1

Multicasting and Multimedia Overview

This overview covers the following topics:

Topic Page

Multicast Host Groups Multicast Addresses 1-23 Internet Group Management Protocol 1-23 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol 1-23 Multicast Extensions to OSPF 1-24 Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF 1-24 Resource Reservation Protocol 1-24 Bay Networks Resource Manager 1-24 Multicast Table Manager 1-25

1-22

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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Multicast Host Groups

IP multicasting is a method for addressing, routing, and delivering a datagram to a collection of receivers -- called a

Host groups can be permanent or transient.

• A

permanent host group has a well-known, administratively assigned IP

multicast group address. The address, not the membership, is permanent and deﬁnes the group. A permanent host group can consist of zero or more members.

host group

• A transient host group

exists only as long as it has members that need its services. IP addresses in the multicast range that are not reserved for permanent groups are available for dynamic assignment to transient host groups.

Any host system on any IP network can send a message to a multicast group using the group’s IP multicast address. To receive a message addressed to a multicast group, however, the host must be a member of the group and must reside on a network where that group is registered with a local multicast router.

An IP multicasting host group can consist of zero or more members and places no restrictions on its membership. Host members can reside anywhere; they can join and leave the group at any time; and the y can be members of more than one group at the same time. In order to receive a multicast message from a host group, a host must be a member of the group. However, anyone can send a multicast datagram: a host does not need to be a member of a group to send a multicast message to its members.

In general, hosts that are members of the same group reside on different networks. Howev er , a range of multicast addresses (224.0.0.x) is reserved for groups that are locally scoped. All message trafﬁc for these hosts remains on the local network. Hosts that belong to a group in this address range and that reside in different networks will not receive each other’s message trafﬁc.

1-22

Multicast data packets are affected by trafﬁc ﬁlters. Therefore, you must

Note:

ensure that trafﬁc ﬁlters conﬁgured on a multicast router do not prevent a host that is a member of a group from receiving packets intended for that group.

117355-A Rev. A

Multicast Addresses

Each host group is assigned a unique multicast address. To reach all members of the group, a sender uses the multicast address as the destination address of the datagram.

An IP Version 4 multicast address is a Class D address (the high-order bits are set to 1110) from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

The block of addresses from 224.0.0.1 to 224.0.0.255 is reserved for routing protocols and other low-level protocols. Multicast routers will not forward datagrams with addresses in this range.

Internet Group Management Protocol

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) has the following characteristics:

• Allows a host to register group memberships with the local queries router to receive any datagrams sent to this router and targeted to a group with a speciﬁc IP multicast address.

Multicasting and Multimedia Overview

• Allows a router to learn the existence of group members on its directly attached networks. The router periodically sends a general group query message to each of its local networks. Any host that is a member of a multicasting group identiﬁes itself by sending a response.

IGMP is described in Cha

pter 3.

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

DVMRP is a distance vector type of multicast routing protocol. It advertises

117355-A Rev. A

shortest-path routes to multicasting containing hosts that have the capability to issue multicast datagrams. (In this respect, DVMRP is the opposite of RIP, which advertises routes to destination networks.)

DVMRP is described in Cha

pter 4.

source networks

-- that is, any network

1-23

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Multicast Extensions to OSPF

Multicasting Extensions to OSPF (MOSPF) enhances the OSPF protocol by providing capabilities that allow a router to forward multicast IP trafﬁc within an OSPF Version 2 autonomous system.

For instructions on conﬁguring MOSPF, see Cha

Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF

QOSPF is an extension of OSPF and MOSPF that works in conjunction with the Resource Reservation Protocol to provide quality of service (QoS) for multicast data ﬂows.

QOSPF is described in Cha

pter 6.

Resource Reservation Protocol

The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) allo ws host systems in an IP network to reserve resources on RSVP-capable routers for unicast or multicast dataﬂows. (A dataﬂow is a transmission of packets from a source to one or more destinations requiring a certain QoS.)

RSVP is described in Cha

pter 7.

Bay Networks Resource Manager

pter 5.

1-24

The Bay Networks Resource Manager lets you deﬁne a certain percentage of a line’s bandwidth as reservable. Applications that require a guaranteed quality of service can negotiate for the reservable bandwidth. When the router honors a reservation request, the Resource Manager allocates bandwidth from the reservable bandwidth, reducing the bandwidth available for other requests.

For information about the Bay Networks Resource Manager, see Cha

pter 8.

117355-A Rev. A

Multicast Table Manager

The Multicast Table Manager (MTM) makes it possible for different multicast protocols to work together on the same router. MTM does the following:

• Manages DVMRP and MOSPF

• Provides multicast routing support for RSVP

• Supports MOSPF special features

• Supports multicast tools for tracing routes

• Maintains a multicast forwarding cache

• Forwards multicast trafﬁc

Multicasting and Multimedia Overview

117355-A Rev. A 1-25

Chapter 2

Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services

This chapter explains how to perform a basic conﬁguration -- that is, a conﬁguration using all available defaults -- for the IP multicast services described in this manual.

Topic Page

Starting IGMP 2-28 Starting DVMRP 2-29 Starting MOSPF 2-30 Starting RSVP 2-31

117355-A Rev. A 2-27

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Starting IGMP

When you conﬁgure any multicasting protocol described in this manual, Site Manager automatically conﬁgures IGMP on the slot and circuit.

IGMP is required for all types of multicasting. If you want the router to receive and forward multicast packets (that is, packets with destination addresses from

224.0.0.255 to 239.255.255.255), IGMP must be running on the slot and circuit --

even if the circuit is a point-to-point circuit that will not be involved in IGMP group queries and join messages.

2-28 117355-A Rev. A

Starting DVMRP

To start DVMRP on the router:

1. Conﬁgure a circuit on a slot and connector.

2. Conﬁgure an IP interface on the circuit.

3. Add DVMRP to the IP interface.

For information and instructions on using Site Manager to conﬁgure a circuit on a slot and connector, see Conﬁguring WAN Line Services or Conﬁguring Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring Services. When you have successfully conﬁgured the circuit, the Select Protocols window opens. Proceed as follows:

You do this System responds

Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Select Protocols window, choose the following protocols:

• IP

• DVMRP Then click on OK.

2. Set the following parameters:

• IP Address

• Subnet Mask

• Transmit Bcast Addr

• UnNumbered Assoc Address Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-20.

3. Click on OK. Site Manager returns you to the

The IP Conﬁguration window opens.

Conﬁguration Manager window.

When you conﬁgure DVMRP on an IP interface, DVMRP is also conﬁgured globally on the router.

DVMRP is now running on the router with default values for all global and interface parameters. You customize DVMRP by modifying DVMRP parameters. For information and instructions, see Chapter 4.

117355-A Rev. A 2-29

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Starting MOSPF

MOSPF is a multicasting extension of OSPF. To enable MOSPF, you must add OSPF to an IP interface and enable MOSPF multicast extensions to support one of the following types of multicasting:

• Intra-area multicasting

• Intra-area and inter-area multicasting

• Intra-area and inter-AS multicasting

• All multicasting For information about MOSPF multicasting types, see Chapter 5.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. Conﬁgure OSPF on the router as described in

2. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

3. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

4. Choose OSPF. The OSPF menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The Edit OSPF Global Parameters

6. Click on the Multicast Extensions parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-29.

7. Choose the type of MOSPF you want to conﬁgure, and then click on OK.

Conﬁguring IP Services

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

2-30 117355-A Rev. A

Starting RSVP

To start RSVP on the router:

1. Conﬁgure a circuit on a slot and connector.

2. Conﬁgure an IP interface on the circuit.

3. Add RSVP to the IP interface.

For information and instructions on using Site Manager to conﬁgure a circuit on a slot and connector, see see Conﬁguring WAN Line Services or Conﬁguring Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring Services. When you have successfully conﬁgured the circuit, the Select Protocols window opens. Proceed as follows:

You do this System responds

Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Select Protocols window, choose the following protocols:

• IP

• RSVP Then click on OK.

2. Set the following parameters:

• IP Address

• Subnet Mask

• Transmit Bcast Addr

• UnNumbered Assoc Address Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-20.

3. Click on OK. The Initial RSVP Global Parameters

4. Click on Save. Site Manager queries you to create line

5. Click on OK. The Edit Line Resources window opens.

6. Edit the following parameters:

• Estimated Bandwidth

• Reservable Bandwidth Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-22.

7. Click on OK. Site Manager returns you to the

The IP Conﬁguration window opens.

widow appears.

resources.

Site Manager returns you to the Conﬁguration Manager window.

Conﬁguration Manager window.

117355-A Rev. A 2-31

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

RSVP is now running on the router with default values for all parameters. You customize RSVP by modifying RSVP parameters. For information and instructions, see Chapter 7.

2-32 117355-A Rev. A

Chapter 3

Customizing IGMP

This chapter covers the following topics describing the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP):

Topic Page

IGMP Concepts and Terminology 3-2 Customizing Global IGMP 3-4 Customizing IGMP on an Interface 3-12 Conﬁguring a Static Host Entry 3-20

117355-A Rev. A 3-1

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

IGMP Concepts and Terminology

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) allows hosts to communicate their desired group memberships to their local queries router to receive any datagrams sent to this router and targeted to a group with a speciﬁc IP multicast address. Bay Networks routers support IGMP Version 2.

A router communicates with the hosts on a local network by sending IGMP queries. Hosts respond by issuing IGMP reports.

This section covers the following topics:

Topic Page

IGMP Queries 3-2 IGMP Host Reports 3-3 Host Leave Messages 3-3

IGMP Queries

A router running IGMP periodically sends host membership queries to its attached local networks. Routers that conform to RFC 1112 generate Version 1 queries. Bay Networks routers conﬁgured with IGMP generate Version 2 queries.

If multiple IGMP routers exist on the network, Bay Networks routers designate one router to send host member questions, using the following rules:

• Choose a router that generates Version 1 queries over a router that generates Version 2 queries.

• Choose the router with the lowest IP address.

3-2 117355-A Rev. A

IGMP Host Reports

A host that receives a membership query from a local router can respond with a host membership report, one report for each joined multicast group. A host that receives a query delays its reply by a random interval and listens for a reply from any other host in the same host group. Consider a network that includes two host members -- Host A and Host B -- of the same multicast group. The router sends out a host membership query on the local network. Host A and Host B both receive the query and listen on the network for a host membership report. Host B’s delay time expires ﬁrst, so it responds to the query with a membership report. Hearing the response, Host A does not send a report of its own for the same group.

Each query from a router to a host includes a code ﬁeld. IGMP inserts a value -- n -- into this ﬁeld specifying the maximum time in tenths of a second within which the host must issue a reply. The host uses this value to calculate a random value between 0 and n tenths of a second for the period that it waits before sending a response.

If at least one host on the local network speciﬁes that it is a member of a given group, the router will forward to that network all datagrams bearing the group’s multicast address.

Customizing IGMP

Upon initialization, the host may immediately issue a report for each of its supported multicast groups. The router accepts and processes these asynchronous reports the same way it accepts requested reports.

Once in a steady state, hosts and routers communicate in a way that minimizes the exchange of queries and reports.

Host Leave Messages

When a Version 2 host leaves a group, it issues a host leave message. The multicast router on the network issues a group-speciﬁc query to determine whether there are other group members on the network. If no host responds to the query , the router assumes that no members belonging to that group exist on that interface.

117355-A Rev. A 3-3

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Customizing Global IGMP

When you conﬁgure a multicasting protocol on the router, IGMP is automatically enabled with default values for all global parameters. Y ou customize global IGMP by modifying these parameters as described under the following topics:

Topic Page

Enabling and Disabling IGMP 3-5 Estimating the Number of Groups 3-6 Specifying a Version Threshold Time 3-8 Conﬁguring Logging 3-9 Enabling Join Acknowledgments 3-10 Specifying a Forwarding Cache Limit 3-11

3-4 117355-A Rev. A

Enabling and Disabling IGMP

When you conﬁgure IGMP on the router, IGMP is automatically enabled. You can use the BCC or Site Manager to disable and reenable IGMP on the router.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the global IGMP prompt and enter

state

state is

enabled disabled

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

Customizing IGMP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The IGMP Global Conﬁguration window

6. Set the Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-15.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

117355-A Rev. A 3-5

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Estimating the Number of Groups

By default, IGMP estimates that 20 groups will be simultaneously active on this router.

This estimate allows the router to utilize memory efﬁciently; exceeding this size during router operation will not cause an error but may cause the router to consume more memory than required.

Note: You do not need to include in the count any group from 224.0.0.0 to

224.0.0.255.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to supply an estimate from 5 to 65,535 groups.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the global IGMP prompt and enter

estimated-groups

groups

groups is an integer from 5 to 65,535.

3-6 117355-A Rev. A

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

Customizing IGMP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The IGMP Global Conﬁguration window

6. Set the Estimated Groups parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-16.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 3-7

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying a Version Threshold Time

By default, 540 seconds can elapse after IGMP detects a Version 1 query before IGMP tries to become the designated querier.

The value you specify should be greater than the Version 1 query rate of all IGMP speakers on all networks directly connected to the router.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to specify a version threshold time from 1 second to 65,535 seconds.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the global IGMP prompt and enter

version-threshold

threshold is the number of seconds from 1 to 65,535. For example, the following command sets the version threshold time to 500

seconds:

igmp# version-threshold 500 igmp#

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The IGMP Global Conﬁguration window

6. Set the Version Threshold Time parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-16.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

threshold

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

3-8 117355-A Rev. A

Conﬁguring Logging

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to specify the messages you want IGMP to log.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the global IGMP prompt and enter

Customizing IGMP

debug-log-ﬂag

ﬂag is an integer indicating the messages you want to log.

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The IGMP Global Conﬁguration window

6. Set the Debug parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-16.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

ﬂag

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 3-9

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Enabling Join Acknowledgments

By default, IGMP does not respond with an acknowledgment to join requests from host groups.

Using the following Site Manager procedure, you can conﬁgure IGMP globally to respond to a join request by sending an IGMP query to the group.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The IGMP Global Conﬁguration window

6. Set the Join Ack Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-17.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

Note: This is a proprietary Bay Networks function. It is not part of the

standard IGMP protocol.

3-10 117355-A Rev. A

Specifying a Forwarding Cache Limit

By default, IGMP allows a maximum of 512 entries in the MTM forwarding cache. This affects all multicasting protocols.

The MTM cache must be at least as large as individual routing protocol caches (for example, the DVMRP cache).

You can use the following Site Manager procedure to set the forwarding cache to a different value.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing IGMP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The IGMP Global Conﬁguration window

6. Set the Forward Cache Limit parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-17.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 3-11

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Customizing IGMP on an Interface

When you add a multicast protocol to an IP interface, IGMP is enabled with default values for all interface parameters. You customize IGMP on the interface by modifying these parameters as described under the following topics:

Topic Page

Enabling and Disabling IGMP on an Interface 3-13 Specifying a Query Rate 3-14 Specifying a Membership Timeout Interval 3-16 Specifying a Designated Router Timeout Interval 3-17 Specifying a Maximum Host Response Time 3-18 Specifying the Lifetime of a Cache Entry for Mtrace 3-19

3-12 117355-A Rev. A

Enabling and Disabling IGMP on an Interface

When you add a multicasting protocol to an IP interface, IGMP is automatically enabled on the interface.

Note: IGMP is required for multicasting to function on the interface.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to disable and reenable IGMP on the interface

Using the BCC

Navigate to the IGMP prompt for the interface and enter

state

state is

enabled disabled

Customizing IGMP

Using Site Manager

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Entry. The IGMP Entry Interface Parameters

6. Set the Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-18.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

117355-A Rev. A 3-13

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying a Query Rate

By default, IGMP sends a group membership query on the interface every 120 seconds.

Specifying zero disables queries only. The router still forwards multicast datagrams on this circuit.

Note: If another IGMP r outer on this network has tak en on the query role, this

router will not send out queries unless it has not heard of any queries within the number of seconds speciﬁed by the Designated Router Timeout parameter.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to disable queries or specify a query rate from 0 to 4096 seconds.

Using the BCC

Navigate the IGMP prompt for the interface and enter

query-rate

rate

rate is the number of seconds from 0 (disabling queries) to 4096. For example, the following command speciﬁes a query rate of 300 seconds:

igmp/2.2.2.2/3# query-rate 300 igmp/2.2.2.2/3#

3-14 117355-A Rev. A

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

Customizing IGMP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Entry. The IGMP Entry Interface Parameters

6. Set the Interface Query Rate parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-19.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 3-15

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying a Membership Timeout Interval

By default, a local group membership is valid for 260 seconds without the receipt of a subsequent report for that group.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to specify an interval from 50 to 8192 seconds.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the IGMP prompt for the interface and enter

membership-timeout

seconds is a period from 50 to 8192 seconds. For example, the following command speciﬁes a membership timeout period of

300 seconds:

igmp/2.2.2.2/3# membership-timeout 300 igmp/2.2.2.2/3#

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Entry. The IGMP Entry Interface Parameters

6. Set the Interface Membership Timeout parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-19.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

seconds

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

3-16 117355-A Rev. A

Specifying a Designated Router Timeout Interval

By default, 140 seconds can elapse after the last host query message before IGMP considers the designated router to be down.

The value you specify should be greater than the query rate of all IGMP routers on the network. The suggested value is (2 * Query Rate) + 20.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to specify a timeout interval from 10 to 8192 seconds.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the IGMP prompt for the interface and enter

Customizing IGMP

dr-timeout

seconds is an interval from 10 to 8192 seconds. For example, the following command sets the timeout interval to 200 seconds:

igmp/2.2.2.2/3# dr-timeout 200 igmp/2.2.2.2/3#

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Entry. The IGMP Entry Interface Parameters

6. Set the Designated Router Timeout parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-19.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

seconds

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 3-17

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying a Maximum Host Response Time

By default, a host must wait 100 tenths of a second before responding to a query. IGMP places this value in the code ﬁeld of an IGMP query.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to specify a value from one tenth of a second to 100 tenths of a second.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the IGMP prompt for the interface and enter

max-host-response

time is an integer from 1 to 100 specifying the response time in tenths of a second. For example, the following command sets the host response to 25 tenths of a

second:

igmp/2.2.2.2/3# max-host-response 25 igmp/2.2.2.2/3#

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Entry. The IGMP Entry Interface Parameters

6. Set the Max Host Response Time parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-20.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

time

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

3-18 117355-A Rev. A

Specifying the Lifetime of a Cache Entry for Mtrace

IGMP creates entries in the forwarding cache speciﬁcally for the Mtrace utility. By default, IGMP keeps these entries in the forwarding cache for a maximum of 30 seconds.

You can use the BCC or Site Manager to specify a different lifetime value from 30 to 8192 seconds.

Using the BCC

Navigate to the IGMP prompt for the interface and enter

Customizing IGMP

mtrace-lifetime

seconds is an integer from 30 to 8192 seconds. For example, the following command sets the Mtrace cache entry lifetime to 60

seconds:

igmp/2.2.2.2/3# mtrace-lifetime 60 igmp/2.2.2.2/3#

Using Site Manager

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Entry. The IGMP Entry Interface Parameters

6. Set the Mtrace Entry Lifetime parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-20.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

seconds

Site Manager Procedure

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 3-19

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Conﬁguring a Static Host Entry

A network may include a member of a multicast group that is unable to register its group membership with the local IGMP router, for example, a host that is a member of a multicast group but that is not running IGMP.

In this situation, you can register the group member’s network statically on the router.

A registration entry includes

• A group address

• An address preﬁx length

• A circuit name You can use Site Manager to supply this information.

Using Site Manager

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose IGMP. The IGMP menu opens.

5. Choose Static Groups. The IP IGMP Static Groups window

6. Set the following parameters:

• Group Address

• Preﬁx Length

• Circuit Name Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-17.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

3-20 117355-A Rev. A

Chapter 4

Customizing DVMRP

This chapter describes the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP).

T opic Page

DVMRP Concepts and Terminology 4-2 Customizing DVMRP Globally 4-8 Customizing DVMRP on a Circuit 4-22 Conﬁguring a Tunnel 4-33

117355-A Rev. A 4-1

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

DVMRP Concepts and Terminology

DVMRP is a multicasting protocol that provides a mechanism for routers to propagate multicast datagrams in a manner that minimizes the number of excess copies sent to any particular network.

This section covers the following topics:

Topic Page

Neighbor Connections 4-2 Source Route Advertisements 4-4 How DVMRP Chooses a Route 4-5 Routing Table 4-6 Shortest-Path Trees 4-7

Neighbor Connections

In a DVMRP environment, neighbors are multicasting routers that are connected directly or through a tunnel.

• Directly connected neighbors are routers that have an interface to the same network.

• Tunnel-connected neighbors are multicast routers that communicate through a unicast network, exchanging DVRMP messages that are encapsulated in IP datagrams.

In Figure 4-

1, for example, multicasting Router A has two neighbors, Router B

and Router C. Router A and Router B are connected directly -- they both have interfaces to Net 6. Router A and Router C communicate through a tunnel that includes a unicast router.

4-2 117355-A Rev. A

Net 1

Customizing DVMRP

Net 2

Net 4

Net 5

Net 8

Net 3

Key

Multicast router

Unicast router

Multicast host

Multicast circuit

Net 6

Net 9

Tunnel

IP00031A

Figure 4-1. Multicast Routers

117355-A Rev. A 4-3

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

At startup, a DVMRP multicasting router

1. Initializes its routing table with information on all of its local networks

2. Learns the existence of its neighbors by sending a probe for all routes on each

of its multicast interfaces (both physical circuits and tunnels)

3. Receives reports from its neighbors containing the routing information

(including route costs)

In Figure 4- four multicasting interfaces. Router D receives reports from its multicasting neighbors, Routers B, C, and E.

1, for example, Router D becomes active and issues routing probes on

Source Route Advertisements

A source network is an y network containing hosts that ha v e the capability to issue multicast datagrams. DVMRP advertises shortest-path routes to multicasting source networks. In this respect, DVMRP is the opposite of RIP, which advertises routes to destination networks.

Periodically, each multicasting router issues full or partial routing information on each DVMRP circuit, using DVMRP report messages. This routing information represents the sending router’s cost to reach the speciﬁed source network. (The cost is the sum of the hop metrics along the shortest path to the given source network.)

Upon receiving a DVMRP report from another router, DVMRP reexamines its routing table to determine if the shortest path information needs updating. Speciﬁcally, DVMRP looks in the routing table for an entry describing a route to the same source network. If one exists, DVMRP compares the cost of the two routes and stores the route with the lower cost in its routing table.

A router will not send route reports on an interface until it knows (by means of received probes or reports) that it has a neighboring multicast router on that interface. It will continue to send probes periodically on an interface.

4-4 117355-A Rev. A

How DVMRP Chooses a Route

Each DVMRP interface is conﬁgured with a metric that indicates the cost of the hop. A router that receives multiple route reports for the same multicasting source network

• Compares the cost speciﬁed in each (based on the metric ﬁeld)

• Stores information from the report with the lowest cost in its routing table A route metric is the sum of all the interface (hop) metrics from a given route

source to a given router.

igure 4-1 on page 4-3, for example, Router D receives two reports for the

In F network connected to multicasting Router A, one from Router B and one from Router C. Using the metrics contained in the route reports, Router D determines that the cost of the tunneled route is greater than the cost of the route that uses direct physical connections. Router D discards the route received from Router C and stores the route received from Router B.

Router D then declares Router B to be the next-hop neighbor and Interface d1 to be the next-hop interface. After a ne xt-hop neighbor has been declared for a route, the route updates received from that neighbor for that route take precedence until either the route times out or until another router advertises a better metric for that route.

Customizing DVMRP

117355-A Rev. A 4-5

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Routing Table

Table 4-1 shows the principal items in a routing table entry.

Table 4-1. Parts of a Routing Table Entry

Item Description

Source subnet address and mask

From-gateway Previous-hop router leading back to the source subnet TTL Number of seconds before this entry is removed from the

Address and mask of a subnetwork containing a host sourcing multicast datagrams

routing table

Note that the source subnet and the previous-hop router in the DVMRP routing table are the opposite of the destination subnet and next-hop router in a RIP routing table.

Using this information, the router can

1. Receive a multicast datagram and determine if the datagram has arri ved on the

interface that is on the shortest path to the source network.

2. Drop the datagram if it has not arrived on the shortest-path interface.

3. Flood the multicast datagram to all active downstream DVMRP neighbors.

4-6 117355-A Rev. A

Shortest-Path Trees

Route information used by DVMRP is independent of any other routing information used by the router -- for example, routes provided by RIP. The purpose of this routing information is to create a shortest-path tree entry in the routing table for the propagation of multicast datagrams.

The shortest-path tree entry indicates the interface that provides the shortest path to the network that is the source of the multicast datagram.

igure 4-1 on page 4-3, for example, the routing table on Router D includes an

In F entry describing the shortest-path route to the network connected to Router A. The entry indicates that Interface d1 provides the shortest path to that source network.

A shortest-path tree also indicates those interfaces that are on the shortest path to that source network from a neighboring router.

Router E considers the network connecting it to Router D to be on the shortest path to the source network connected to router A. Router D has an interface (d3) that is part of the shortest path from Router E from the network connected to Router A.

Customizing DVMRP

If neighboring routers have the same metric to a given source network, the router with the lower IP address is responsible for propagating multicast trafﬁc originating from that source network onto the network or tunnel that is common to these neighboring routers.

A network is considered a leaf network if it has no dependent downstream neighbors for a source. In F

igure 4-1, the network connected to Router E (Net 5)

is a leaf network.

117355-A Rev. A 4-7

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Customizing DVMRP Globally

When you start DVMRP on the router, DVMRP runs with default values for all global protocols. You customize DVMRP by modifying parameters as described under the following topics:

Topic Page

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP 4-9 Setting the Update Interval 4-10 Conﬁguring Tree Pruning 4-11 Conﬁguring DVMRP Timers 4-12 Specifying a Probe Interval 4-16 Specifying a Route Switch Interval 4-17 Estimating the Number of Routes 4-18 Logging Debugging Messages 4-19 Specifying the Maximum Number of Routes 4-20 Enabling and Disabling Routing Policies 4-21

4-8 117355-A Rev. A

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP

You can use Site Manager to disable and reenable DVMRP on the router.

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-2.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-9

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Setting the Update Interval

Periodically, each multicasting router issues full or partial routing information on each DVMRP circuit, using DVMRP report messages. This routing information represents the sending router’s cost to reach the speciﬁed netw ork. (The cost is the sum of the hop metrics along the shortest path to the given source network.)

You can use Site Manager to

• Specify how often routing messages containing complete routing tables are sent.

• Specify the minimum amount of time between triggered updates. Triggered updates are sent when routing information changes. Issuing a full update restarts the triggered update timer. Therefore, the triggered update interval you specify must be shorter than the full update interval you set.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the following parameters:

• Full Update Interval

• Triggered Update Interval

Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-2.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

4-10 117355-A Rev. A

Conﬁguring Tree Pruning

If no members are detected on a branch of the shortest path tree for a given group, DVMRP prunes the branch.

The following conditions cause DVMRP to prune the shortest-path tree for a given group:

• The router determines that the attached network on which the host is located (or any other locally attached network) has no active member of the group.

• The router determines that all neighbors on all attached networks other than the next-hop network to the source have pruned off the source and group.

• The router determines that it is not located on the shortest network path to an y remote network that includes a member of the group.

• The router sends a DVMRP prune message to its DVMRP neighbor. The neighbor removes the router from its forwarding table.

If the host later rejoins the group, the router sends the neighbor a DVMRP graft message. The neighbor restores the router to its forwarding table.

Tree pruning is enabled on the router by default. You can use Site Manager to disable and reenable tree pruning on the router.

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Pruning Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-6.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

117355-A Rev. A 4-11

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Conﬁguring DVMRP Timers

When a router adds or updates a route, it uses conﬁgurable timers to control the useful life of the route.

Note: DVMRP timers must be the same throughout the network.

Setting the Route Expiration Timer

The route expiration timer determines how long DVMRP waits for an update message indicating that a route is reachable. Upon expiration of this timer, this route is advertised as unreachable until it is refreshed or until it is garbaged.

By default, DVMRP sets the route expiration time at 200 seconds.You can use Site Manager to set the route expiration time from 20 to 4000 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Route Expiration Timeout parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-3.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

4-12 117355-A Rev. A

Customizing DVMRP

Setting the Garbage Timer

The garbage timer determines how long DVMRP advertises a route as unreachable before it removes the route from the routing table. The difference between this value and the route expiration timeout value represents the time period that the route will be advertised as unreachable without subsequent refreshment.

By default, DVMRP sets the garbage timer to 340 seconds. You can use Site Manager to set the value from 40 to 8000 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Garbage Timeout parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-4.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

Enter a value that is greater than the value you speciﬁed for the route expiration timer to allow enough time for the route to be advertised as unreachable.

117355-A Rev. A 4-13

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Setting the Neighbor Report Timer

The neighbor report timer speciﬁes how long the router waits to receive a report from a neighbor before considering the connection inactive.

By default, DVMRP waits 140 seconds. You can use Site Manager to specify a value from 40 to 8000 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Neighbor Timeout parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-3.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

4-14 117355-A Rev. A

Customizing DVMRP

Setting the Leaf Timer

The leaf timer determines whether or not a network or tunnel local to a given interface is considered to be part of the shortest path to a given source network by any DVMRP neighbor.

If during this time the local interface has not received a route report for a given source network, this network or tunnel and its local interface are considered not to lie in the shortest path for any neighbor. In other words, the local network is not part of the shortest path to that speciﬁc source network.

By default, DVMRP sets the leaf timer at 200 seconds. You can use Site Manager to specify a value from 25 to 4000 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Leaf Timeout parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-3.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-15

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying a Probe Interval

The probe interval determines how often DVMRP sends a probe on interfaces from which no neighbors have been heard.

By default, DVMRP sends a probe ev ery 10 seconds. Y ou can use Site Manager to specify a value from 5 to 30 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Neighbor Probe Interval parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-5.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

If your neighbor is running DVMRP mrouted, ensure that your probe interval value matches the value used by the neighbor.

4-16 117355-A Rev. A

Specifying a Route Switch Interval

The route switch interval speciﬁes how long the router should wait, without receiving a subsequent route update from the original neighbor, before switching to a different neighbor advertising equal cost for this route.

By default, DVMRP waits 140 seconds. You can use Site Manager to specify a value from 20 to 2000 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Route Switch Timeout parameter . Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-5.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

If your neighbor is running DVMRP mrouted, the recommended value is 140 seconds.

117355-A Rev. A 4-17

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Estimating the Number of Routes

By default, DVMRP preallocates a routing table for 25 entries. You can use Site Manager to specify the number of entries (10 or more).

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Estimated Routes parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-4.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

Enter a value that the router can use for preallocating routing tables. For an MBone implementation, a value of 3000 or higher is recommended.

Note that routes are kept on a per-source-network basis, independent of multicast groups. This number must include a route for every network that is local to a circuit conﬁgured for multicasting. This allows the router to utilize memory efﬁciently. Exceeding this size during router operation will not cause an error but may cause the router to consume more memory than required.

4-18 117355-A Rev. A

Logging Debugging Messages

By default, DVMRP does not log debugging messages. You can use Site Manager to enable the logging of debugging messages and to specify the level of debug messages.

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Debug Level parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-5.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-19

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying the Maximum Number of Routes

By default, DVMRP stores all learned routes in the routing table. Y ou can use Site Manager to specify the number of routes that DVMRP can learn per slot. This parameter limits the number of routes that can be stored in the routing table.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Max Routes parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-6.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

If you specify a maximum number of routes, you must include a route for every local network that has a circuit conﬁgured for multicasting.

4-20 117355-A Rev. A

Enabling and Disabling Routing Policies

By default, routing policies are globally disabled. This parameter allows you to conﬁgure a policy for the speciﬁed route. Bay

Networks currently supports only the policies that do not advertise the speciﬁed route or route range. Bay Networks supports policies that advertise a default route for the speciﬁed route or route range.

You can use the following Site Manager procedure to enable and disable routing policies as required.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Global. The DVMRP Global Conﬁguration

6. Set the Policy Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-6.

7. Click on Save. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-21

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Customizing DVMRP on a Circuit

You customize DVMRP on a circuit by modifying DVMRP parameters as described under the following topics:

Topic Page

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP on a Circuit 4-22 Disabling Multicast Support on a Unicast Tunnel 4-23 Calculating a Route Metric and Comparing Route Costs 4-24 Specifying a Threshold 4-25 Conﬁguring a Forwarding Table 4-27 Disabling Advertisement of Local Networks 4-29 Advertising a Default Route 4-30 Listening for a Default Route 4-31 Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor 4-32

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP on a Circuit

By default, DVMRP is enabled on a circuit. You can use Site Manager to disable and reenable it.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-7.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

4-22 117355-A Rev. A

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

Disabling Multicast Support on a Unicast Tunnel

By default, DVMRP

• Propagates multicast routing information on the circuit

• Incorporates in routing updates information about the source network associated with this circuit

• Forwards multicast datagrams on this circuit in native mode -- that is, as multicast datagrams

Using Site Manager, you can disable multicast support on the circuit.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Route Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-7.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-23

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Calculating a Route Metric and Comparing Route Costs

By default, a circuit has a cost of 1. Bay Networks recommends the following values:

Hop Metric

LAN, or tunnel across a single LAN 1 Multihop tunnel 2 or 3 Serial link, or tunnel across a serial link 1 Backup tunnel Primary tunnel metric + 1

You can use Site Manager to assign a cost from 1 to 31.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Metric parameter . Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-8.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-24 117355-A Rev. A

Specifying a Threshold

Threshold values control the scope of datagram delivery. The threshold is the minimum IP TTL required for a multicast datagram to be forwarded out a given interface.

For mrouted compatibility, multicast datagrams originated by the router have a TTL of 1. These datagrams are not compared against the TTL. Unicast datagrams originated by the router (for example, for route reports issued via a tunnel) have a TTL of 255. A datagram that is to be forw arded through a tunnel is ﬁrst compared against the threshold and, if accepted, is then encapsulated in an IP datagram with a TTL of 64.

able 4-2 lists

• Originating TTL values recommended for certain types of multicast applications

• Threshold values recommended for routers to permit the forwarding of packets from these applications

These values are recommended for topologies that will connect to the MBone.

Customizing DVMRP

Table 4-2. Recommended TTL and Threshold Values

Multicast Application TTL Threshold

IETF channel 1 low-rate GSM audio 255 224 IETF channel 2 low-rate GSM audio 223 192 IETF channel 1 PCM audio 191 160 IETF channel 2 PCM audio 159 128 IETF channel 1 video 127 96 IETF channel 2 video 95 64 Local event audio 63 32 Local event video 31 1

117355-A Rev. A 4-25

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

By default, DVMRP uses a TTL v alue of 1. You can use Site Manager to specify a TTL value from 1 to 254.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Threshold parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-8.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-26 117355-A Rev. A

Conﬁguring a Forwarding Table

To minimize the amount of time that it spends looking up routes, DVMRP creates and maintains a cache of frequently used routes -- called a forwarding table -- for each IP interface.

By default, DVMRP preallocates a forwarding table of 32 entries for each circuit. You can use Site Manager to specify the maximum number of entries (32 to 512) allowed in the forwarding table associated with this circuit.

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Forward Cache Size parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-8.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

When conﬁguring a cache size, you must also keep in mind the TTL value for entries. If you specify a large cache size, you can specify a larger TTL value. A smaller cache requires a smaller TTL for cache entries.

117355-A Rev. A 4-27

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

By default, DVMRP uses a TTL of 7200 seconds (two hours) for entries in the forwarding table. You can use Site Manager to specify a TTL from 300 to 86400 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Forward Cache TTL parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-9.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

If your neighbor is running mrouted, the recommended TTL value is 300 seconds.

4-28 117355-A Rev. A

Disabling Advertisement of Local Networks

By default, DVMRP advertises its own local netw orks ov er this circuit. Using Site Manager, you can conﬁgure DVMRP so that it does not advertise local networks over the circuit.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Advertise Self parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-9.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-29

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Advertising a Default Route

By default, DVMRP does not supply a default route on this circuit. You can use Site Manager to enable and disable this feature as required.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Route Supply parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-9.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-30 117355-A Rev. A

Listening for a Default Route

By default, DVMRP does not listen for a default route on this circuit. You can use Site Manager to enable and disable this feature as required.

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Route Listen parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-10.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-31

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor

By default, DVMRP does not accept a report from a nonstandard DVMRP neighbor.

A standard DVMRP router does not advertise a route report before sending a probe message to a neighbor. DVMRP uses the probe message to learn the neighbor’s capability. Some routers, however , send only route reports; the y do not send probes. If you want DVMRP to communicate with nonstandard DVMRP routers, be sure to set the Route Depend Probe parameter to Enable.

You can use Site Manager to enable and disable this feature as required.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Circuit. The DVMRP Circuit Parameters window

6. Set the Route Depend Probe parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-10.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-32 117355-A Rev. A

Conﬁguring a Tunnel

You conﬁgure a DVMRP tunnel by setting parameters as described under the following topics:

Topic Page

Supplying Addresses for the Tunnel 4-34 Disabling and Reenabling the Tunnel 4-35 Choosing the Encapsulation Mode 4-36 Specifying the Cost 4-37 Specifying a TTL 4-38 Conﬁguring a Forwarding Table for the Tunnel 4-39 Advertising a Default Route 4-41 Listening for a Default Route 4-42 Specifying an Encapsulation Mode for Control Messages 4-43 Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor 4-44

Customizing DVMRP

117355-A Rev. A 4-33

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Supplying Addresses for the Tunnel

To identify a unicast tunnel, you must supply the unicast IP address of both ends of the tunnel: the local interface and the remote interface. You can use Site Manager to supply these addresses.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Click on Add. The DVMRP Tunnel Address window

7. Set the following parameters:

• Local IP Address

• Remote IP Address Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-14.

8. Click on OK. You return to the DVMRP Tunnel

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

Parameters window.

4-34 117355-A Rev. A

Disabling and Reenabling the Tunnel

When you conﬁgure a tunnel on a circuit, the tunnel is enabled by default. You can use Site Manager to disable and reenable the tunnel.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Enable parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-11.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-35

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Choosing the Encapsulation Mode

By default, DVMRP encapsulates a tunneled multicast datagram in an IP unicast datagram. Using Site Manager, you can conﬁgure D VMRP to loosely encapsulate multicast datagrams using the LSSR option.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Encapsulation Mode parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-11.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

See RFC 1075 for information about the LSSR option, which is provided for backward compatibility.

4-36 117355-A Rev. A

Specifying the Cost

By default, DVMRP assigns a metric of 1 to a tunnel. Y ou can use Site Manager to specify a cost value from 1 to 31.

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Metric parameter . Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-11.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-37

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Specifying a TTL

By default, DVMRP assigns a TTL value of 1 to a tunnel. This value is the minimum IP TTL required for a multicast datagram to be forwarded out this tunnel. You can use Site Manager to assign a value from 1 to 254.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Threshold parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-12.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

Use this value to control the scope of the datagrams. If the IP TTL is less than the threshold value you specify, the router drops the datagram.

4-38 117355-A Rev. A

Conﬁguring a Forwarding Table for the Tunnel

By default, DVMRP preallocates a forwarding table for 32 entries. You can use Site Manager to specify the maximum number of entries (from 32 to 512) allowed in the forwarding table associated with this tunnel interface.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Forward Cache Size parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-12.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-39

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

By default, DVMRP assigns a TTL value of 7200 seconds to an entry in a tunnel forwarding table. You can use Site Manager to assign a value from 300 to 86400 seconds.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Forward Cache TTL parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-12.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-40 117355-A Rev. A

Advertising a Default Route

By default, DVMRP does not supply a default route on this tunnel. You can use Site Manager to enable and disable this feature as required.

You do this System responds

Customizing DVMRP

Site Manager Procedure

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Route Supply parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-13.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-41

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Listening for a Default Route

By default, DVMRP does not listen for a default route on this tunnel. You can use Site Manager to enable and disable this feature as required.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Route Listen parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-13.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-42 117355-A Rev. A

Customizing DVMRP

Specifying an Encapsulation Mode for Control Messages

To maintain backward compatibility with earlier versions of DVMRP, DVMRP allows you conﬁgure the encapsulation mode for DVMRP control packets.

You can use the following Site Manager procedure to perform this operation.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Control Message Mode parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-13.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

117355-A Rev. A 4-43

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor

By default, DVMRP does not accept a report from a nonstandard DVMRP neighbor.

A standard DVMRP router does not advertise a route report before it has sent a probe message to a neighbor. DVMRP uses the probe message to learn the neighbor’s capability. Some routers, however , send only route reports; the y do not send probes. If you want DVMRP to communicate with nonstandard DVMRP routers, be sure to set the Route Depend Probe parameter to Enable.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose Multicast. The Multicast menu opens.

4. Choose DVMRP. The DVMRP menu opens.

5. Choose Tunnel. The DVMRP Tunnel Parameters window

6. Set the Report Depend Probe parameter . Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-14.

7. Click on Apply, and then click on Done. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

opens.

window.

4-44 117355-A Rev. A

Chapter 5

Customizing OSPF Multicast Extensions

MOSPF is a multicasting extension of OSPF. You conﬁgure MOSPF by setting OSPF global parameters, interface parameters, and area parameters. This chapter covers the following topics:

Topic Page

MOSPF Overview 5-2 Conﬁguring MOSPF Globally 5-4 Conﬁguring Multicast Forwarding on an OSPF Interface 5-9

117355-A Rev. A 5-1

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

MOSPF Overview

MOSPF is a multicasting extension of the OSPF protocol that allows a router to forward multicast IP trafﬁc within an OSPF Version 2 AS.

An OSPF environment typically consists of an AS divided into multiple areas connected by an OSPF backbone. You can conﬁgure an OSPF/MOSPF router as a

• Multicasting internal router (IR) that establishes neighbor relationships with adjacent routers within an area

• Multicasting border router (BR) with interfaces to one or more areas and to the OSPF backbone

• Multicasting boundary router (ASBR) with one or more interfaces to external autonomous systems

igure 5-1 shows an OSPF/MOSPF AS consisting of two OSPF areas connected

by an OSPF backbone.

5-2 117355-A Rev. A

OSPF AS

OSPF/

MOSPF

OSPF/

MOSPF

Customizing OSPF Multicast Extensions

Backbone

(Area 0.0.0.0)

OSPF/

MOSPF

OSPF/

MOSPF

OSPF/

MOSPF

Area 0.0.0.1

Key

IR Internal router BR Border router ASBR Boundary router

OSPF/

MOSPF

OSPF/

MOSPF

Area 0.0.0.2

External

ASBR

External network

IP0055A

Figure 5-1. OSPF Autonomous Systems

MOSPF supports four types of multicasting:

• Intra-area multicasting for OSPF internal routers

• Intra-area and inter-area multicasting for OSPF border routers

• Intra-area and inter-AS multicasting for OSPF boundary routers

• All multicasting types

117355-A Rev. A 5-3

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Conﬁguring MOSPF Globally

You can use Site Manager to add MOSPF extensions to OSPF.

Site Manager Procedure

You do this System responds

1. In the Conﬁguration Manager window, choose Protocols.

2. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.

3. Choose OSPF. The OSPF menu opens.

4. Choose Global. The Edit OSPF Global Parameters

5. Set the Multicast Extensions parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-29.

6. Click on OK. You return to the Conﬁguration Manager

The Protocols menu opens.

window opens.

window.

After you conﬁgure OSPF with multicast extensions, you can set multicast global parameters as described under the following topics:

Topic Page

Enabling Deterministic Multicasting 5-5 Specifying a Forwarding Timeout Value 5-6 Specifying a Maximum Number of Queued Packets 5-7 Enabling Dynamic TTL 5-8

Note: MOSPF will not forward datagrams out an interface until multicast

forwarding is enabled on the interface. For instructions, refer to “Conﬁguring Multicast Forwarding on an OSPF Interface” on page 5-9.

5-4 117355-A Rev. A

Avaya IP Multicasting User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Figures

Tables

About This Guide

Before You Begin

Conventions

Acronyms

Ordering Bay Networks Publications

Bay Networks Customer Service

How to Get Help

Multicast Host Groups

Multicast Addresses

Internet Group Management Protocol

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

Multicast Extensions to OSPF

Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF

Resource Reservation Protocol

Bay Networks Resource Manager

Multicast Table Manager

Starting IGMP

Starting DVMRP

Starting MOSPF

Starting RSVP

IGMP Concepts and Terminology

IGMP Queries

IGMP Host Reports

Host Leave Messages

Customizing Global IGMP

Enabling and Disabling IGMP

Estimating the Number of Groups

Specifying a Version Threshold Time

Enabling Join Acknowledgments

Specifying a Forwarding Cache Limit

Customizing IGMP on an Interface

Enabling and Disabling IGMP on an Interface

Specifying a Query Rate

Specifying a Membership Timeout Interval

Specifying a Designated Router Timeout Interval

Specifying a Maximum Host Response Time

Specifying the Lifetime of a Cache Entry for Mtrace

DVMRP Concepts and Terminology

Neighbor Connections

Source Route Advertisements

How DVMRP Chooses a Route

Routing Table

Shortest-Path Trees

Customizing DVMRP Globally

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP

Setting the Update Interval

Specifying a Probe Interval

Specifying a Route Switch Interval

Estimating the Number of Routes

Logging Debugging Messages

Specifying the Maximum Number of Routes

Enabling and Disabling Routing Policies

Customizing DVMRP on a Circuit

Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP on a Circuit

Disabling Multicast Support on a Unicast Tunnel

Calculating a Route Metric and Comparing Route Costs

Specifying a Threshold

Disabling Advertisement of Local Networks

Advertising a Default Route

Listening for a Default Route

Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor

Supplying Addresses for the Tunnel

Disabling and Reenabling the Tunnel

Choosing the Encapsulation Mode

Specifying the Cost

Specifying a TTL

Advertising a Default Route

Listening for a Default Route

Specifying an Encapsulation Mode for Control Messages

Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor

MOSPF Overview