Avaya IP Multicasting User Manual

Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services
BayRS V ersion 12.00 Site Manager Software Version 6.00
Part No. 117355-A Rev. A September 1997
4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara, CA 95054 Billerica, MA 01821
Copyright © 1997 Bay Networks, Inc.
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Contents

About This Guide
Before You Begin .............................................................................................................xvi
Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi
Acronyms ........................................................................................................................xvii
Ordering Bay Networks Publications .............................................................................xviii
Bay Networks Customer Service .....................................................................................xix
How to Get Help ..............................................................................................................xix
Chapter 1 Multicasting and Multimedia Overview
Multicast Host Groups ....................................................................................................1-2
Multicast Addresses .......................................................................................................1-3
Internet Group Management Protocol ............................................................................1-3
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol ....................................................................1-3
Multicast Extensions to OSPF ........................................................................................1-4
Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF ..........................................................................1-4
Resource Reservation Protocol ......................................................................................1-4
Bay Networks Resource Manager ..................................................................................1-4
Multicast Table Manager .................................................................................................1-5
Chapter 2 Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services
Starting IGMP .................................................................................................................2-2
Starting DVMRP .............................................................................................................2-3
Starting MOSPF .............................................................................................................2-4
Starting RSVP ................................................................................................................2-5
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Chapter 3 Customizing IGMP
IGMP Concepts and Terminology ...................................................................................3-2
IGMP Queries ..........................................................................................................3-2
IGMP Host Reports ..................................................................................................3-3
Host Leave Messages ..............................................................................................3-3
Customizing Global IGMP ..............................................................................................3-4
Enabling and Disabling IGMP ..................................................................................3-5
Estimating the Number of Groups ............................................................................3-6
Specifying a Version Threshold Time .......................................................................3-8
Configuring Logging .................................................................................................3-9
Enabling Join Acknowledgments ............................................................................3-10
Specifying a Forwarding Cache Limit .....................................................................3-11
Customizing IGMP on an Interface ...............................................................................3-12
Enabling and Disabling IGMP on an Interface .......................................................3-13
Specifying a Query Rate ........................................................................................3-14
Specifying a Membership Timeout Interval ............................................................3-16
Specifying a Designated Router Timeout Interval ..................................................3-17
Specifying a Maximum Host Response Time .........................................................3-18
Specifying the Lifetime of a Cache Entry for Mtrace ..............................................3-19
Configuring a Static Host Entry ....................................................................................3-20
Chapter 4 Customizing DVMRP
DVMRP Concepts and Terminology ...............................................................................4-2
Neighbor Connections ..............................................................................................4-2
Source Route Advertisements .................................................................................4-4
How DVMRP Chooses a Route ...............................................................................4-5
Routing Table ...........................................................................................................4-6
Shortest-Path Trees ..................................................................................................4-7
Customizing DVMRP Globally ........................................................................................4-8
Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP ...........................................................................4-9
Setting the Update Interval ....................................................................................4-10
Configuring Tree Pruning .......................................................................................4-11
Configuring DVMRP Timers ...................................................................................4-12
Setting the Route Expiration Timer ..................................................................4-12
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Setting the Garbage Timer ..............................................................................4-13
Setting the Neighbor Report Timer ..................................................................4-14
Setting the Leaf Timer .....................................................................................4-15
Specifying a Probe Interval ....................................................................................4-16
Specifying a Route Switch Interval ........................................................................4-17
Estimating the Number of Routes ..........................................................................4-18
Logging Debugging Messages ...............................................................................4-19
Specifying the Maximum Number of Routes ..........................................................4-20
Enabling and Disabling Routing Policies ................................................................4-21
Customizing DVMRP on a Circuit .................................................................................4-22
Disabling and Reenabling DVMRP on a Circuit .....................................................4-22
Disabling Multicast Support on a Unicast Tunnel ...................................................4-23
Calculating a Route Metric and Comparing Route Costs ......................................4-24
Specifying a Threshold ...........................................................................................4-25
Configuring a Forwarding Table ..............................................................................4-27
Disabling Advertisement of Local Networks ...........................................................4-29
Advertising a Default Route ...................................................................................4-30
Listening for a Default Route ..................................................................................4-31
Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor ..................................4-32
Configuring a Tunnel .....................................................................................................4-33
Supplying Addresses for the Tunnel .......................................................................4-34
Disabling and Reenabling the Tunnel .....................................................................4-35
Choosing the Encapsulation Mode ........................................................................4-36
Specifying the Cost ................................................................................................4-37
Specifying a TTL ....................................................................................................4-38
Configuring a Forwarding Table for the Tunnel .......................................................4-39
Advertising a Default Route ...................................................................................4-41
Listening for a Default Route ..................................................................................4-42
Specifying an Encapsulation Mode for Control Messages .....................................4-43
Accepting a Report from a Nonstandard DVMRP Neighbor ..................................4-44
Chapter 5 Customizing OSPF Multicast Extensions
MOSPF Overview ...........................................................................................................5-2
Configuring MOSPF Globally .........................................................................................5-4
Enabling Deterministic Multicasting .........................................................................5-5
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Specifying a Forwarding Timeout Value ...................................................................5-6
Specifying a Maximum Number of Queued Packets ................................................5-7
Enabling Dynamic TTL .............................................................................................5-8
Configuring Multicast Forwarding on an OSPF Interface ...............................................5-9
Chapter 6 Configuring QOSPF
Enabling the Deterministic Hold-Down Feature ..............................................................6-3
Enabling Route Pinning ..................................................................................................6-4
Enabling the Opaque Capability .....................................................................................6-5
Enabling the Opaque Capability on an Interface ............................................................6-6
Chapter 7 Configuring RSVP
How RSVP Works ...........................................................................................................7-2
Configuring RSVP Globally ............................................................................................7-4
Disabling and Reenabling RSVP .............................................................................7-4
Choosing a Slot ........................................................................................................7-5
Configuring RSVP Message Logging ......................................................................7-6
Configuring RSVP on an Interface .................................................................................7-7
Disabling and Reenabling RSVP on an Interface .....................................................7-7
Setting the RSVP Default Refresh Timer .................................................................7-8
Setting the RSVP Default Lifetime Multiplier ............................................................7-9
Setting the RSVP Refresh Blockade Multiplier ......................................................7-10
Setting the TTL Override ........................................................................................7-11
Setting the Route Delay Value ...............................................................................7-12
Enabling and Disabling UDP Encapsulation ..........................................................7-13
Chapter 8 Reserving Line Resources
About Line Resource Reservation ..................................................................................8-2
Resource Manager ...................................................................................................8-2
Supported Media ......................................................................................................8-3
How the Resource Manager Works with RSVP ..............................................................8-3
Setting the Estimated Bandwidth ....................................................................................8-4
Setting the Reservable Bandwidth .................................................................................8-5
Specifying the Traffic Queuing Algorithm ........................................................................8-6
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Specifying the LRM Policing Algorithm ...........................................................................8-7
Setting the Bandwidth Interval ........................................................................................8-8
Setting the Inflate Reservations Percentage ..................................................................8-9
Specifying the Unreserved Policing Algorithm ..............................................................8-10
Specifying the Unreserved Queue Length ....................................................................8-11
Specifying the Multiline Select Algorithm ......................................................................8-12
Setting the Multiline Threshold Bandwidth ....................................................................8-13
Setting the Reservation Latency ...................................................................................8-14
Setting the Maximum Reservable Bandwidth for a Dataflow ........................................8-15
Setting the Maximum Buffer Space for a Dataflow .......................................................8-16
Appendix A Site Manager Parameters
DVMRP Parameters ...................................................................................................... A-2
DVMRP Global Parameters ..................................................................................... A-2
DVMRP Circuit Parameters ..................................................................................... A-7
DVMRP Tunnel Parameters ................................................................................... A-11
IGMP Parameters ........................................................................................................ A-15
IGMP Global Configuration Parameters ................................................................ A-15
IGMP Static Host Parameters ............................................................................... A-17
IGMP Entry Interface Parameters ......................................................................... A-18
IP Configuration Parameters ....................................................................................... A-20
Resource Manager Parameters ...................................................................................A-22
OSPF Parameters for Multicast and QoS Extensions ................................................. A-29
OSPF Global Parameters ..................................................................................... A-29
OSPF Interface Parameters .................................................................................. A-32
RSVP Parameters ....................................................................................................... A-33
RSVP Global Parameters ..................................................................................... A-33
RSVP Interface Parameters .................................................................................. A-34
Appendix B Multicasting Tools
Mtrace ............................................................................................................................ B-2
Mrinfo ............................................................................................................................. B-4
Index
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Figures

Figure 4-1. Multicast Routers .....................................................................................4-3
Figure 5-1. OSPF Autonomous Systems ...................................................................5-3
Figure 6-1. QOSPF Topology .....................................................................................6-2
Figure 7-1. RSVP Path Message ...............................................................................7-2
Figure 7-2. RSVP Reserve Message .........................................................................7-3
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Tables

Table 4-1. Parts of a Routing Table Entry .................................................................4-6
Table 4-2. Recommended TTL and Threshold Values ............................................4-25
Table B-1. Mtrace Command Options ...................................................................... B-2
Table B-2. Mrinfo Command Options ....................................................................... B-4
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About This Guide

If you are responsible for configuring IGMP, DVMRP, MOSPF, QOSPF, RSVP , or line services, you need to read this guide.
You can now use the Bay Command Console (BCC™) to customize IGMP on a router. In this guide, you will find instructions for using both the BCC and Site Manager for IGMP.
If you want to Go to
Learn about IP multicasting and multimedia services Chapter Start IP multicasting and multimedia services on the router Chapter 2 Customize IGMP Chapter 3 Configure and customize DVMRP Chapter 4 Configure and customize MOSPF Chapter 5 Configure and customize QOSPF Chapter 6 Configure and customize RSVP Chapter 7 Reserve line resources on the router Chapter 8 Obtain information about Site Manager parameters (this is the same
information you obtain using Site Manager online Help) Use multicasting tools Appendix B
Appendix A
1
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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services
. .

Before You Begin

Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new router:
Install the router (see the installation manual that came with your router).
Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file (see
Quick-Starting Routers, Configuring BayStack Remote Access ASN Routers to a Network)
.
Make sure that you are running the latest version of Bay Networks Site Manager and router software. For instructions, see
7–11.xx to Version 12.00
.

Conventions

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the
description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: if command syntax is you enter
Upgrading Routers from Version
ping
ping 192.32.10.12
, or
Connecting
<ip_address>
,
bold text
Indicates text that you need to enter, command names, and buttons in menu paths. Example: Enter
Example: Use the Example: ATM DXI > Interfaces >
wfsm &
dinfo
command.
PVCs
identifies the PVCs button in the window that appears when you select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu.
brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements. You can choose none, one,
or all of the options.
.
ellipsis points Horizontal (. . .) and vertical ellipsis points indicate
()
omitted information.
italic text
Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions, new terms, file and directory names, and book titles.
quotation marks (“ ”) Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book.
xvi
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About This Guide

Acronyms

screen text
Indicates data that appears on the screen. Example:
Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters
separator ( > ) Separates menu and option names in instructions and
internal pin-to-pin wire connections. Example: Protocols > AppleTalk identifies the AppleTalk option in the Protocols menu.
Example: Pin 7 > 19 > 20
vertical line (|) Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the
command. The vertical line separates choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is
show at routes show at routes
AUI Attachment Unit Interface BootP Bootstrap Protocol BRI Basic Rate Interface CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
(now ITU-T) CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access with collision detection DLCMI Data Link Control Management Interface GUI graphical user interface HDLC high-level data link control IP Internet Protocol ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Organization for Standardization ITU-T International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications
(formerly CCITT) LAN local area network MAC media access control MAU media access unit MDI-X media-dependent interface with crossover NBMA nonbroadcast multi-access
nets
|
, you enter either
show at nets
or
, but not both.
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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services
OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First (Protocol) PPP Point-to-Point Protocol SMDS switched multimegabit data service SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol STP shielded twisted-pair TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Telnet Telecommunication Network TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TPE twisted-pair Ethernet UTP unshielded twisted-pair WAN wide area network

Ordering Bay Networks Publications

To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks® publications, order by part number from Bay Networks Press™ at the following numbers:
xviii
Phone--U.S./Canada: 888-422-9773
Phone--International: 510-490-4752
FAX--U.S./Canada and International: 510-498-2609 The Bay Networks Press catalog is available on the World Wide Web at
support.baynetworks.com/Library/GenMisc
available on the World Wide Web at
support.baynetworks.com/Library/tpubs
. Bay Networks publications are
117355-A Rev. A
.

Bay Networks Customer Service

You can purchase a support contract from your Bay Networks distributor or authorized reseller, or directly from Bay Networks Services. For information about, or to purchase a Bay Networks service contract, either call your local Bay Networks field sales office or one of the following numbers:
Region Telephone number Fax number
About This Guide
United States and Canada
Europe 33-4-92-96-69-66 33-4-92-96-69-96 Asia/Pacific 61-2-9927-8888 61-2-9927-8899 Latin America 561-988-7661 561-988-7550
Information about customer service is also available on the World Wide Web at
support.baynetworks.com

How to Get Help

If you purchased a service contract for your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance.
If you purchased a Bay Networks service program, call one of the following Bay Networks Technical Solutions Centers:
800-2LANWAN; then enter Express Routing Code (ERC) 290, when prompted, to purchase or renew a service contract
978-916-8880 (direct)
.
978-916-3514
117355-A Rev. A
Technical Solutions Center Telephone number Fax number
Billerica, MA 800-2LANWAN 978-916-3514 Santa Clara, CA 800-2LANWAN 408-495-1188 Valbonne, France 33-4-92-96-69-68 33-4-92-96-69-98 Sydney, Australia 61-2-9927-8800 61-2-9927-8811 Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5402-0180 81-3-5402-0173
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Chapter 1
Multicasting and Multimedia Overview
This overview covers the following topics:
Topic Page
Multicast Host Groups Multicast Addresses 1-23 Internet Group Management Protocol 1-23 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol 1-23 Multicast Extensions to OSPF 1-24 Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF 1-24 Resource Reservation Protocol 1-24 Bay Networks Resource Manager 1-24 Multicast Table Manager 1-25
1-22
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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Multicast Host Groups

IP multicasting is a method for addressing, routing, and delivering a datagram to a collection of receivers -- called a
Host groups can be permanent or transient.
A
permanent host group has a well-known, administratively assigned IP
multicast group address. The address, not the membership, is permanent and defines the group. A permanent host group can consist of zero or more members.
host group
.
A transient host group
exists only as long as it has members that need its services. IP addresses in the multicast range that are not reserved for permanent groups are available for dynamic assignment to transient host groups.
Any host system on any IP network can send a message to a multicast group using the group’s IP multicast address. To receive a message addressed to a multicast group, however, the host must be a member of the group and must reside on a network where that group is registered with a local multicast router.
An IP multicasting host group can consist of zero or more members and places no restrictions on its membership. Host members can reside anywhere; they can join and leave the group at any time; and the y can be members of more than one group at the same time. In order to receive a multicast message from a host group, a host must be a member of the group. However, anyone can send a multicast datagram: a host does not need to be a member of a group to send a multicast message to its members.
In general, hosts that are members of the same group reside on different networks. Howev er , a range of multicast addresses (224.0.0.x) is reserved for groups that are locally scoped. All message traffic for these hosts remains on the local network. Hosts that belong to a group in this address range and that reside in different networks will not receive each other’s message traffic.
1-22
Multicast data packets are affected by traffic filters. Therefore, you must
Note:
ensure that traffic filters configured on a multicast router do not prevent a host that is a member of a group from receiving packets intended for that group.
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Multicast Addresses

Each host group is assigned a unique multicast address. To reach all members of the group, a sender uses the multicast address as the destination address of the datagram.
An IP Version 4 multicast address is a Class D address (the high-order bits are set to 1110) from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
The block of addresses from 224.0.0.1 to 224.0.0.255 is reserved for routing protocols and other low-level protocols. Multicast routers will not forward datagrams with addresses in this range.

Internet Group Management Protocol

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) has the following characteristics:
Allows a host to register group memberships with the local queries router to receive any datagrams sent to this router and targeted to a group with a specific IP multicast address.
Multicasting and Multimedia Overview
Allows a router to learn the existence of group members on its directly attached networks. The router periodically sends a general group query message to each of its local networks. Any host that is a member of a multicasting group identifies itself by sending a response.
IGMP is described in Cha
pter 3.

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

DVMRP is a distance vector type of multicast routing protocol. It advertises
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shortest-path routes to multicasting containing hosts that have the capability to issue multicast datagrams. (In this respect, DVMRP is the opposite of RIP, which advertises routes to destination networks.)
DVMRP is described in Cha
pter 4.
source networks
-- that is, any network
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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Multicast Extensions to OSPF

Multicasting Extensions to OSPF (MOSPF) enhances the OSPF protocol by providing capabilities that allow a router to forward multicast IP traffic within an OSPF Version 2 autonomous system.
For instructions on configuring MOSPF, see Cha

Quality of Service Extensions to OSPF

QOSPF is an extension of OSPF and MOSPF that works in conjunction with the Resource Reservation Protocol to provide quality of service (QoS) for multicast data flows.
QOSPF is described in Cha
pter 6.

Resource Reservation Protocol

The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) allo ws host systems in an IP network to reserve resources on RSVP-capable routers for unicast or multicast dataflows. (A dataflow is a transmission of packets from a source to one or more destinations requiring a certain QoS.)
RSVP is described in Cha
pter 7.

Bay Networks Resource Manager

pter 5.
1-24
The Bay Networks Resource Manager lets you define a certain percentage of a line’s bandwidth as reservable. Applications that require a guaranteed quality of service can negotiate for the reservable bandwidth. When the router honors a reservation request, the Resource Manager allocates bandwidth from the reservable bandwidth, reducing the bandwidth available for other requests.
For information about the Bay Networks Resource Manager, see Cha
pter 8.
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Multicast Table Manager

The Multicast Table Manager (MTM) makes it possible for different multicast protocols to work together on the same router. MTM does the following:
Manages DVMRP and MOSPF
Provides multicast routing support for RSVP
Supports MOSPF special features
Supports multicast tools for tracing routes
Maintains a multicast forwarding cache
Forwards multicast traffic
Multicasting and Multimedia Overview
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Chapter 2
Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services
This chapter explains how to perform a basic configuration -- that is, a configuration using all available defaults -- for the IP multicast services described in this manual.
Topic Page
Starting IGMP 2-28 Starting DVMRP 2-29 Starting MOSPF 2-30 Starting RSVP 2-31
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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Starting IGMP

When you configure any multicasting protocol described in this manual, Site Manager automatically configures IGMP on the slot and circuit.
IGMP is required for all types of multicasting. If you want the router to receive and forward multicast packets (that is, packets with destination addresses from
224.0.0.255 to 239.255.255.255), IGMP must be running on the slot and circuit --
even if the circuit is a point-to-point circuit that will not be involved in IGMP group queries and join messages.
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Starting DVMRP

To start DVMRP on the router:
1. Configure a circuit on a slot and connector.
2. Configure an IP interface on the circuit.
3. Add DVMRP to the IP interface.
For information and instructions on using Site Manager to configure a circuit on a slot and connector, see Configuring WAN Line Services or Configuring Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring Services. When you have successfully configured the circuit, the Select Protocols window opens. Proceed as follows:
You do this System responds
Starting Multicasting and Multimedia Services
Site Manager Procedure
1. In the Select Protocols window, choose the following protocols:
IP
DVMRP Then click on OK.
2. Set the following parameters:
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Transmit Bcast Addr
UnNumbered Assoc Address Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A-20.
3. Click on OK. Site Manager returns you to the
The IP Configuration window opens.
Configuration Manager window.
When you configure DVMRP on an IP interface, DVMRP is also configured globally on the router.
DVMRP is now running on the router with default values for all global and interface parameters. You customize DVMRP by modifying DVMRP parameters. For information and instructions, see Chapter 4.
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Configuring IP Multicasting and Multimedia Services

Starting MOSPF

MOSPF is a multicasting extension of OSPF. To enable MOSPF, you must add OSPF to an IP interface and enable MOSPF multicast extensions to support one of the following types of multicasting:
Intra-area multicasting
Intra-area and inter-area multicasting
Intra-area and inter-AS multicasting
All multicasting For information about MOSPF multicasting types, see Chapter 5.
Site Manager Procedure
You do this System responds
1. Configure OSPF on the router as described in
2. In the Configuration Manager window, choose Protocols.
3. Choose IP. The IP menu opens.
4. Choose OSPF. The OSPF menu opens.
5. Choose Global. The Edit OSPF Global Parameters
6. Click on the Multicast Extensions parameter. Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A-29.
7. Choose the type of MOSPF you want to configure, and then click on OK.
Configuring IP Services
.
The Protocols menu opens.
window opens.
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