AutoTek AUTOCAD RASTER DESIGN User Manual

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AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

User’s Guide

April 2009

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THIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS MADE AVAILABLE BY AUTODESK, INC. "AS IS." AUTODESK, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS.

Published by: Autodesk, Inc. 111 Mclnnis Parkway San Rafael, CA 94903, USA

Chapter 1 Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . 1

What is New in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Accessing the Raster Design Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

About AutoCAD Raster Design dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Supported Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Image Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

AutoCAD Raster Design History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Inserting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Inserting Local Images Using the Insert Image Dialog Box . . . . . 10

Inserting an Image from the Internet Using the Insert Image

Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Inserting an Image from an FTP Site Using the Insert Image

Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Inserting an Image Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Adding Image Sources to Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Assigning a Color Map to an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Creating New Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Correlating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Correlating an Image During Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Using Quick Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

iii

Specifying Correlation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Correlating an Image After Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Matching Image Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Moving an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Scaling an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Rubbersheeting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Chapter 3 Saving Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Saving an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Saving Images with AutoCAD Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Embedding Images in a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location . . . . . . . . 43

Saving an Image to an FTP Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Capturing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Exporting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Exporting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Exporting an Image to an FTP Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Exporting a World File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Correlation Output Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Encoding and Data Organization Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Chapter 4 Changing Image Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

AutoCAD Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Image Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Image Display Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Image Frame Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Image Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Linetype of an Image Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Foreground Color of a Bitonal Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Transparency Color of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Unused Color for Transparent Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Controlling the Image Manager Toolspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Modifying the Item View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Copying Information to the Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Managing Image Display and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Zooming to an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Changing the Color Map of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Adding a Visual Elevation Key to a DEM Image . . . . . . . . . . 69

Creating Another Insertion of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Displaying Point Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Showing and Hiding Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

iv | Contents

Changing the Display Order of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Erasing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Detaching an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Unloading/Reloading an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Changing the Active Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Changing the Saved Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Chapter 6 Modifying Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Selecting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Controlling Image Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Undoing Edits to an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Snapping to COGO Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Cleaning Up Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Deskewing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Removing Speckles from an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Adjusting the Image Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Reversing the Light and Dark Shades in an Image . . . . . . . . . 88

Mirroring an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Touching Up an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Adjusting Images with the Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Adjusting the Brightness and Contrast of an Image . . . . . 92

Maximizing Details in an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Converting a Color Image to Grayscale . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Converting a Grayscale or Color Image to Bitonal . . . . . 100

Making Tonal Adjustments to an Image . . . . . . . . . . 101

Convolving an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Reducing Harshness and Noise in an Image . . . . . . . . 105

Median Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Making Differences in Shading More Distinct . . . . . . . 107

Lowpass Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Highpass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Shift and Difference Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . 110

Laplace Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Gradient Directional Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . 111

Matched Filter Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . . . . 111

Using Bitonal Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Changing Image Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Setting the Color Depth for an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Using the Palette Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Manipulating the Color Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Changing Selected Colors in the Image Palette . . . . . . . 118

Combining Selected Colors in the Image Palette . . . . . . 120

Designating a Transparent Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Selecting a Color Directly from the Image . . . . . . . . . 122

Contents | v

Removing Duplicate Entries from the Image Palette . . . . 123

Resetting the Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Importing and Exporting Image Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Importing an Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Exporting an Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Displaying Image Palette Information . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Converting Grayscale Images to Paletted Images . . . . . . 130

Controlling Palette Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Controlling the Display of Unused Colors . . . . . . . . . 131

Controlling the Display of Transparent Colors . . . . . . . 132

Controlling the Display of Color Values . . . . . . . . . . 133

Sorting the Color Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Adding and Removing Columns from the List

Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Masking Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Creating a New Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Creating a New Mask Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . 138

Changing an Existing Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Changing the Image Mask Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Changing an Existing Mask Using the Command

Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Enabling or Disabling a Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Clipping an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Converting a Mask to Image Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Cropping Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Line Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Circular Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Rectangular Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Diagonal Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Polygonal Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Aligned Rectangular Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Removing (Rubbing) Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Rubbing a Raster Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Rubbing a Raster Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Rubbing a Raster Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Rubbing Multiple Line Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Rubbing Raster Data Within a Circular Region . . . . . . . . . . 152

Rubbing Raster Data Within a Diagonal Region . . . . . . . . . 153

Rubbing Raster Data Within a Polygonal Region . . . . . . . . . 154

Rubbing Raster Data Within a Rectangular Region . . . . . . . . 155

Remove Raster Using Existing Vector Geometry . . . . . . . . . 155

Removing Raster Entities Using REM Commands . . . . . . . . . 156

Removing a Line, Arc, or Circle Using Smart Pick . . . . . 157

Removing a REM Line Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Removing a REM Arc Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Removing a REM Circle Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

vi | Contents

Merging Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Merging Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Merging Vectors into a Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Selecting Pen Widths for Vector Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Chapter 7 Raster Entity Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Characteristics of REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

How REM Objects Are Associated with an Image . . . . . . . . . 166

Deciding Which Image to Use REM Commands On . . . . . . . 166

AutoCAD Properties of REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

REM Objects and Non-REM Edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Defining REM Region Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Defining a REM Rectangular Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Defining a REM Polygonal Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Defining a REM Diagonal Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Defining a REM Circular Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Defining a Region From an Existing Vector Object . . . . . . . . 174

Removing Part of a Region Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Defining REM Enhanced Bitonal Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Defining REM Primitive Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Defining a REM Line Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Defining a REM Circle Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Defining a REM Arc Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Defining a REM Primitive Using Smart Pick . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Defining a REM Primitive From Existing Vectors . . . . . . . . . 185

Changing the Linetype of a Primitive Object . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Manipulating REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Editing REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Resizing a REM Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Using REM Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Trimming and Extending REM Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Filleting REM Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Offsetting REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Smoothing REM Linework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Defining REM Objects Partially Outside the Image . . . . . . . . 195

Using REM to Delete Raster Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Clearing REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Merging REM Objects into an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image . . . . . . . . . 199

Using REM Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Using REM Copy To Clipboard Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Separating Raster Linework Using Knife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Chapter 8 Converting Raster Entities to Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Configuring VTools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Contents | vii

ProdNameShort Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Dynamic Input Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Using SmartCorrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Vectorizing Raster Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Vectorizing Raster Lines and Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Vectorizing Raster Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Vectorizing Raster Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Vectorizing Raster Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Following Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Using the Polyline Follower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Using the Contour Follower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Using the 3D Polyline Follower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Vectorizing Raster Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Creating Single-Line Vector Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Creating Multiline Vector Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Using Text Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Entering Settings for Text Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Recognizing and Converting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Using the Verify Text Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

View Window Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Edit Pane Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Chapter 9 Raster Snapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Specifying Raster Snap Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Snap Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Chapter 10 Configuring Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Changing the Quick Bar Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Changing the Image Frame Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Setting the Default Internet Location for Images . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Setting the Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Contour Vector Separation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Correlation Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Correlation Search Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

General Vector Separation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

General VTool Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Image Detach Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Image Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Image Mask Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Image Thumbnails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Inserting Images From GSX or ESP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Locking Method for Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Message Display Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Mouse Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

New Image Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

viii | Contents

QSave Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Raster Design Startup Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Raster Entity Detection Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

REM Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Rub and Crop Line Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Remove Under Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Vector Merge Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

VTools Follower Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Appendix A Troubleshooting and Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Correcting Image Display Order using REGEN . . . . . . . . . . 273

Raster Snap Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Plotting Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Images that are Not Editable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Problems Inserting Images from the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Sharing Projects with Images from Different Locations . . . . . . 276

Command-Line Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

AutoCAD Commands for Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Image Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Raster Design Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Raster Entity Manipulation Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

The Quick Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Appendix B Raster Design Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

About AutoCAD Raster Design Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Assign Multispectral Band Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Band Assignment Color Map Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Bitonal Filters Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Change Density Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Choose a New Directory Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Choose a Resource File Directory Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Coordinate System Assignment Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Data Organization Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Despeckle Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Display Manager Raster Layer Capture Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Drafting Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Raster Snap Tab (Drafting Settings Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 309

Edit Status Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Encoding Method Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Export Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Export Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Export Palette Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

GeoTIFF Coordinate System Properties Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Contents | ix

Grid Parameters Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Histogram Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Brightness/Contrast Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . 316

Equalize Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Threshold Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Color to Grayscale Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 321

Tonal Adjustment Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 322

Image Data Properties Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Image Filters Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Image Insertion Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Assign Color Map Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 325

Source Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Modify Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Insertion Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Transform Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Image Manager Toolspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Image Insertions View (Image Manager Toolspace) . . . . . . . . 331

Image Data View (Image Manager Toolspace) . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Image Select Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Import Data Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Import Palette Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Insert Image Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Median Filter Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Mirror Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Multi-frame Select Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

New Image Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

New Image Mask Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

New Palette Color Insertion Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Palette Assignment Color Map Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Palette Color Map Definition Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Palette Information Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Palette Manager Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Raster Data Query Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Raster Design Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Image Defaults Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 351

Feature Settings Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 352

Image Mask Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 353

New Image Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 354

Paths Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 355

REM Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Raster Entity Detection Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog

Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

User Preferences Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . 358

Vector Merge Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . 359

VTools Follower Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 360

VTools General Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 362

x | Contents

Raster Pen Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Recognition Character Sets Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Rubbersheet - Set Control Points Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Save As Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Select a Lock File Directory Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Select Coordinate System (Export) Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Select Coordinate System (Insert) Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Select Global Coordinate System Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Select Working Coordinate System Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Target Color Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Temporary File Location Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Text Recognition Setup Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Transparency Color Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Vector Separation Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

General Tab (Vector Separation Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 373

Contour Tab (Vector Separation Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . 375

Verify Text/Table Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

VText Edit Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Contents | xi

xii

Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

The AutoCAD Raster Design User's Guide includes conceptual, procedural, and reference details about the tools and features found in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010.

This chapter provides information to help you get acquainted with Raster Design requirements, capabilities, and history.

What is New in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 builds on the features introduced in Raster Design

2009.

New in Raster Design 2010

DescriptionFunction

Citrix support

AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 is now available for use on Citrix XenApp v4.5 and 5.0 for use with AutoCAD Map 3D 2010.

Additional Autodesk product support

Improved image format support

AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 can now be used with AutoCAD P&ID 2010 and Autodesk Topobase 2010.

Support for TIFF and BIL image formats had been improved. In addition, AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 now includes 64-bit MrSID Codec support.

New in Raster Design 2010

DescriptionFunction

Updated ribbon

New in Raster Design 2009

64-bit support

Discrete-themed data handling

Vista ribbon-style interface

The ribbon interface has been updated to be even easier to use.

DescriptionFunction

AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 supports both the 32-bit and 64-bit environments of its hosting Autodesk products. This will allow you to easily and confidently install AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 on any supporting application, using any of its supported operating systems.

Discrete-themed data is a form of raster data commonly used to represent such things as land cover, zoning, and any other classified data. Coupled with the continuous-themed data handling required for working with elevations, this provides a much more robust environment for accurately using raster grid data.

This interface presents command options in a concise visual format, enabling you to quickly select commands based on the work you are doing. Moving between applications is now quick and intuitive. The ribbon is both customizable and expandable, so it can be optimized for each user and to meet each company's standards.

New in Raster Design 2008

DescriptionFunction

Read images in these formats:Support for additional image formats

■ QuickBird TIFF

■ Landsat FAST

2 | Chapter 1 Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

New in Raster Design 2008

DescriptionFunction

■ NITF (National Image Transmission Format)

Vectorization improvements

Editing multi-resolution images

Image embedding

Improved insert options

Enhanced image capture

Improved Despeckle

Prompts during vectorization operations can display conveniently near the cursor, using AutoCAD Dynamic Input. Grips appear on previously vectorized segments to facilitate editing.

Edit MrSID, ECW, and JPEG2000 images, then save changes in JPEG2000 format.

Embed one or more bitonal images inside the drawing for convenience of image transfer and management.

The insert process has been improved with better image preview handling, support for multi-frame images, better indication when default settings are being applied, and enhanced control over coordinate transforms.

When used with AutoCAD Map 3D, Raster Design can capture FDO (Feature Data Object) data, either in source format, or as stylized by Display Manager.

Procedures are streamlined to make despeckle operations easier and more effective.

New in Raster Design 2007

ESRI Grid format support

What is New in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 | 3

DescriptionFunction

Read images in this format.DTED format support

Read images in both ASCII and binary versions of this format.

New in Raster Design 2007

DescriptionFunction

Coordinate system transformation

New in Raster Design 2006

REM Operations tools

Raster Data Query dialog box

Transform and edit complex image data

Write to more image formats

Automatic assignment of the Autodesk Map coordinate system code when inserting a GeoTIFF or DEM file. Also, automatic assignment of the correct EPSG code when exporting to GeoTIFF format.

DescriptionFunction

Edit images at the pixel level.Touchup tools for bitonal images

Extend and trim raster lines to intersections, add corner fillets, and offset lines.

Display data about the pixel under the cursor, such as color value, elevation, and coordinates in the specified coordinate system.

When using Autodesk Map 3D, transform the coordinate system of 16-bit, multispectral or digital elevation models (DEM) to match a drawing coordinate system.

Save images to JPG 2000 format, and write DEM data to GeoTIFF or DEM format

Image Capture

Default file name formats

Save displayed images from satellite data, digital elevation models, and other data types that cannot be otherwise saved.

Names now reflect the image source and sequence number.

Accessing the Raster Design Home Page

If you have an Internet connection, then you can access the Raster Design home page for information about product updates.

4 | Chapter 1 Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

To access the Raster Design home page

■ On the Image menu, select Raster Design Home Page. or click

in the Raster Design toolbar.

About AutoCAD Raster Design dialog box

This dialog box provides you with the following information about Raster Design:

■ Name of the licensed owner

■ Serial number

■ Source of the licence

Installation Requirements

For hardware and software system requirements, refer to System Requirements for a Single User or System Requirements for Network Installations.

If your computer does not meet the minimum requirements, you should upgrade your computer before installing Raster Design.

Supported Image Formats

Raster Design can support most single-image and multispectral file formats. For multispectral files, Raster Design can read most common formats, but can best interpret metadata for the formats listed in the following table.

Image Formats Supported by Raster Design

(page 382)

DEM (page 387)

390)

About AutoCAD Raster Design dialog box | 5

Read OnlyRead-Write

DTED (page 388)DOQ (page 388)CALS (page 383)bitmap (BMP)

ECW (page 388)GeoTIFF (page

ESRI Grid (page

389)

Image Formats Supported by Raster Design

GIF (page 390)

391)

TIFF (page 399)

Image Portability

Whether you can open a Raster Design drawing in another Autodesk application depends on the type of image included in the drawing:

AutoCAD image objects can be displayed in the standard version of other Autodesk products such as AutoCAD 2008 and AutoCAD Map 3D. The format of this image type can be

391)

PCX (page 394)JPEG 2000 (page

FLIC (page 389)JFIF - JPEG (page

390)

IG4 (page 391)TARGA (page 399)PNG (page 394)

(page 392)

PICT (page 394)

RLC (page 395) RLC2 (page 395)

Generic multispectral

GIF (page 390)GeoSPOT (page

IKONOS (8- or 16bit)

NITF (page 393)Landsat FAST L7A

QuickBird TIFF

(page 394)

SID (MrSID)

(page 396)

■ 1-bit bitonal

■ 4- or 8-bit grayscale

■ 8-bit index color

■ 24-bit true color

Raster Design image objects can be displayed in other Autodesk products that include the Raster Design Object Enabler. The format of this image type can be

■ single-band floating-point digital elevation model (DEM)

6 | Chapter 1 Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

■ 16- or 32-bit single-band integer

■ 8- or 16-bit multiband multispectral

The Raster Design Object Enabler can be installed from the main Install page of the application CD for AutoCAD Raster Design, or from the Autodesk Object Enabler website (http://www.autodesk.com/aecobjenabler). The following applications support the Raster Design Object Enabler:

■ AutoCAD

2010

Architectural Desktop 2010

Civil 3D® 2010

Electrical 2010

Map 3D 2010

Mechanical 2010

MDE 2010

Topobase 2010

AutoCAD Raster Design History

AutoCAD Raster Design was formerly known as CAD Overlay.

Raster Design History

CAD Overlay 1.0 was introduced in 1988 for AutoCAD Release 2.6. CAD Overlay was the first application to display raster in AutoCAD for “heads up digitizing” of scanned drawings.

CAD Overlay ESP, introduced in 1989, allowed editing and plotting of scanned images. This release was the first to be available in French, German and Italian versions. A Japanese version followed in 1991.

CAD Overlay GS, introduced in 1991, supported grayscale imagery in AutoCAD.

CAD Overlay ESP 4.0 was introduced in 1992 for AutoCAD Release 12.

CAD Overlay GSX was introduced in 1993, and in 1994 the LFX (line following extension) function broke new ground in raster to vector conversion.

AutoCAD Raster Design History | 7

CAD Overlay S7.5 shipped in 1996, the first ObjectARX application that supported AutoCAD Release 13c4. This release combined the functionality of ESP, LFX, and GSX.

CAD Overlay S8 and Autodesk CAD Overlay Release 14 were introduced worldwide in 1997.

CAD Overlay 14.01, introduced in 1998, was the first AEC Product to become Object ARX compliant, and also introduced the first ActiveX interface in CAD Overlay, which adds the ability to customize CAD Overlay through the AutoCAD Visual Basic Editor.

CAD Overlay 2000, introduced in 1999 as part of the Design 2000 family, focused on raster editing enhancements.

CAD Overlay 2000i, introduced in 2000, focused on vectorization enhancements. Powerful “VTools” enhancements increased the speed and accuracy of converting raster geometry to vector.

CAD Overlay 2002, introduced in 2001, was an AutoCAD 2002-enabled version of CAD Overlay 2000i.

Raster Design 3, introduced in 2002, focused on improving the appearance and standardizing the use of color images, and enabling the interactive conversion of scanned text to AutoCAD text. Improved features also enabled the correction of distortions in images with greater accuracy.

Raster Design 2004, introduced in 2003, was an AutoCAD 2004-enabled version, including improved installation and licensing features, as well as True Color support.

Raster Design 2005, introduced in 2004, was based on AutoCAD 2005 and supports a larger range of image types, including digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral datatypes. Image analysis and display capabilities were improved.

Raster Design 2006, introduced in 2005, was based on AutoCAD 2006 and included new image capture functionality and new raster editing tools. New write formats introduced in this release were GeoTIFF and JPEG 2000.

Raster Design 2007, introduced in 2006, was based on AutoCAD 2007 and designed for greater interoperability with Autodesk Map 3D. This release included support for new file formats ESRI GRID and DTED.

Raster Design 2008, introduced in 2007, was based on AutoCAD 2008.

Raster Design 2009, introduced in 2008, was based on AutoCAD 2009.

8 | Chapter 1 Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

Inserting and Correlating Images

Use the ProdNameShort insertion tools to insert images into AutoCAD drawings and assign color maps; use correlation tools to precisely position, scale, and rotate images.

Inserting Images

You can use ProdNameShort to insert images for many different supported image

types (page 399) and formats into an AutoCAD drawing.

You can insert images from local folders, network locations, or from the Internet.

ProdNameShort provides three ways to insert an image:

■ Use the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box to select the image, assign a color

map, and specify a correlation method. In this dialog box, you can also preview the image and information such as file type, color depth, density, and size. Shortcuts are provided to various file locations, including Buzzsaw.com and a History folder, which displays the locations you have used most recently.

■ Use the Image Data (page 332) view of the Image Manager toolspace to create

another insertion of an image that is already in the drawing. For more information, see Creating Another Insertion of an Image (page 70).

■ Bypass the Insert Image dialog box by setting the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable

to 0, which allows you to insert an image by typing an image file name on the command line. This method is useful if you already have correlation data stored with your images, or if you want to use an AutoLISP routine to automatically insert images into your drawing.

When you use ProdNameShort to open image files from the Internet, the image file you specify is downloaded to your computer and inserted into your drawing using the correlation method you select. Images downloaded from an HTTP site are opened as read-only files. You can edit the image and save it locally. Images opened from FTP sites can be saved back to their original locations.

NOTE When you insert a bitonal image, ProdNameShort looks for the foreground color in the correlation source selected. If it cannot find the color information, then the foreground color defaults to the current color.

See also:

■ Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■ Inserting Images From GSX or ESP (page 256)

■ Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

Inserting Local Images Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Use the Insert Image dialog box to insert images from a folder on your computer or from a source on the local area network.

After selecting the image, you can view information about the image, and specify a correlation method.

See also:

■ Selecting an Image (page 79)

■ Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■ Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■ Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert images from local sources

1 Click Image menu ➤ Insert.

10 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

2 In the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, navigate to the folder where

the image is located using one of the following methods:

■ Choose the drive and folder using standard Windows navigation

procedures.

■ Click an icon on the Places List on the left side of the dialog box to

navigate directly to a location such as My Documents, the Desktop, or the Favorites folder.

3 In the Files of Type box, choose the file format of the images you want

to insert.

NOTE If you want to insert more than one image type at a time, select All Images.

4 From the list of images, choose the image(s) you want to insert. You can

use standard Windows selection methods to select more than one image at a time, or Click the Favorites button to choose a shortcut to an image in a familiar location.

5 To view information about an image, such as file type and creation date,

before you insert it, click Views ➤ Information.

6 To display a preview of the image, click Views ➤ Preview. Click Open.

This preview setting is especially useful if you are inserting a multi-frame image, as it enables you to preview each frame of the image set.

NOTE When you insert more than one image at a time, the default correlation information is used for the images. The images are inserted automatically into the drawing and the Correlation Wizard is not displayed.

7 In the Insert Options section, choose a correlation method:

■ Quick Insert automatically inserts the image using correlation values

embedded in the image file, correlation data stored in a separate file, or using default correlation values.

■ Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps

that can vary depending on image type: assigning a color map, specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values, and transforming coordinate systems. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■ Insertion Dialog provides the same functions as the Insertion Wizard,

but without the step-by-step process. You can change settings on the

Inserting Local Images Using the Insert Image Dialog Box | 11

tabs of the dialog box in any order, then apply them to the image. This method is recommended for advanced users.

8 If you want to display only the frame (page 389) of the image you insert,

select the Show Frames Only check box.

9 If you are inserting multiple images that you want to view as a

multispectral set, select Treat as Multispectral.

10 To zoom to the extents of the image(s) you insert after correlation, select

Zoom to Image(s).

11 After configuring the insert options, select the image or images to insert.

12 If you are inserting a multi-frame image, under Multi-frame Options,

specify whether to insert only the first frame, all frames, or a selection of frames. If you choose the latter, you will see the Multi-frame Select Dialog

Box (page 341) after you click Open.

13 Click Open to insert the image or images.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Inserting an Image from the Internet Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Use the Insert Image dialog box to insert an image file from the Internet.

12 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

Many Internet connections require you to enter a valid user name and password before accessing the Internet. ProdNameShort prompts you to enter this information.

Some of the ProdNameShort custom image formats may not be insertable from an internet connection.

NOTE Images inserted from an HTTP site are opened as read-only images.

See also:

■ Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■ Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■ Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert an image file from the Internet

1 Click Image menu ➤ Insert.

2 In the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, do one of the following:

■ Click the Search the Web icon at the top of the dialog box to navigate

the Internet using AutoCAD's Browse the Web-Open dialog box.

■ Click the History icon in the Places List at the left of the dialog box

to navigate to Internet locations where you've recently downloaded or stored images.

■ Click the Buzzsaw icon in the Places List at the left of the dialog box

to navigate to Buzzsaw.com where you can view current construction projects in Internet Explorer.

3 If you selected Search the Web in step 2, enter the complete URL of the

file in the File Name text box, then click Open.

4 Click Open.

NOTE Include the Transfer Protocol (i.e., http:// or ftp://) and the extension (i.e.,

.jpg or .tif) of the file you want to open.

Inserting an Image from the Internet Using the Insert Image Dialog Box | 13

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Inserting an Image from an FTP Site Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Use the Insert Image dialog box to insert an image file from an FTP site on the Internet.

Unlike images from HTTP sites, images inserted from FTP sites can be saved back to their original location.

See also:

■ Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■ Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■ Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert an image file from an FTP site

1 Click Image menu ➤ Insert.

2 In the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, click the FTP icon in the Places

List.

3 Click Tools menu ➤ Add/Modify FTP Locations.

The Add/Modify FTP Locations dialog box appears.

4 In the Name of FTP Site text box, type the name of the FTP server.

14 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

5 In the Log On As section, choose either Anonymous or User.

If you select the User option, enter a username in the combo box.

6 Enter a password in the Password text box.

7 Click Add.

8 Click OK to return to the Insert Image dialog box.

9 Navigate to the FTP site using standard Windows navigation methods.

10 On the list of images, choose the image(s) that you want to insert. You

can use standard Windows selection methods to select more than one image at a time. The selected image(s) are listed in the File Name box.

NOTE If more than one kind of file with the same name is present in the folder, do not type in a filename with no extension.

11 In the Insert Options section, choose a correlation method:

■ Quick Insert automatically inserts the image using correlation values

embedded in the image file, correlation data stored in a separate file, or using default correlation values.

■ Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps

that can vary depending on image type: specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■ Insertion Dialog provides the same functions as the Insertion Wizard,

but without the step-by-step process. You can change settings on the tabs of the dialog box in any order, then apply them to the image. This method is recommended for advanced users.

12 If you want to display only the frame of the image you insert, select the

Show Frames Only check box.

13 To zoom to the extents of the image(s) you insert after correlation, select

the Zoom to Image(s) check box.

Inserting an Image from an FTP Site Using the Insert Image Dialog Box | 15

14 To view information about an image before you insert it, choose Views

Information to view information such as file type and creation date.

15 To display a preview of the image, click Views ➤ Preview. Click Open.

NOTE When you insert more than one image at a time, the default correlation

information is used for the images. The images are inserted automatically into the drawing and the Insertion Wizard is not displayed.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Inserting an Image Using the Command Line

You can bypass the Insert Image dialog box by using the command line.

Setting the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable to 0 allows you to insert an image by typing an image file name on the command line. This method is useful if you already have correlation data stored with your images, or if you want to use an AutoLISP routine to automatically insert images into your drawing.

When ProdNameShort locates the image, it inserts it into your drawing using correlation data stored with the image. If ProdNameShort cannot find a correlation file, the image is inserted using the information you defined in the Raster Design Options dialog box. For more information, see Image Defaults

Tab (ProductNameShort Options Dialog Box) (page 351). ProdNameShort

searches for a correlation source using the following order:

■ Resource file

16 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

■ World file

■ Tab file

■ Image file

For more information about the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable, see the AutoCAD online Help or printed User’s Guide.

See also:

■ Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■ Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■ Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert an image when FILEDIA is <0>

1 Click Image menu ➤ Insert.

2 Do one of the following:

■ Type the name of the image you want to insert and its file extension.

Example: contour.rlc If you do not specify a path to the image, ProdNameShort searches for the image using the Project Files Search Path configured in the AutoCAD Preferences dialog box. For more information, open the main Help window for Autodesk Civil 3D or Land Desktop, then select AutoCAD Help ➤ User’s Guide ➤ The User Interface ➤ Customize the Drawing Environment ➤ Set Interface Options.

■ Type the path name of the image, the image name, and the file

extension. Example: c:\AutoCAD 2000\co\sample\contour.rlc ProdNameShort searches for the image in the path that you specify. If ProdNameShort cannot locate the image in this path, it searches for the image using the AutoCAD Project Files Search Path.

NOTE When FILEDIA is set to 0, you can type a tilde (~) to display the Insert Image dialog box if needed.

Inserting an Image Using the Command Line | 17

Adding Image Sources to Favorites

You can create shortcuts to provide quick access to the files or folders that contain your images.

When you select a folder, drawing, or other file and choose Add to Favorites, a shortcut to that item is added to the Favorites folder in the Windows system. The original file or folder doesn't move. The shortcuts you create using AutoCAD DesignCenter can also be stored in Favorites.

A shortcut relies on a specific path, so it fails if the destination file or folder is moved or renamed. In that case, you need to create a new shortcut.

To add image sources to Favorites

1 Click Image menu ➤ Insert.

The Insert Image (page 338) dialog box is displayed.

2 Do one of the following:

■ If the source is a file, folder, or Internet location, in the Insert Image

dialog box, select the item, then click Tools menu ➤ Add to Favorites.

■ If the source consists of DesignCenter palette contents, right-click the

palette background and choose Add to Favorites. The container of the palette contents is added to the Favorites folder.

Quick Reference

Tools ➤ Add to Favorites

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Assigning a Color Map to an Image

You typically assign a color map to an image at the time of insertion, but you can change the color map at any time, using the Image Manager toolspace.

Color maps apply primarily to digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral images. ProdNameShort automatically assigns color maps to traditional bitmaps, tagged image files (TIFF) and other displayed images at the time of

18 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

insertion. When a DEM or multispectral image is inserted, ProdNameShort displays the appropriate dialog for configuring a color map.

DEM files use a palette color map, which has multiple settings that are configured in the Palette Color Map Definition Dialog Box (page 345). Palette color maps can be saved for reuse with other files.

NOTE To remove all unused color maps from a drawing, type ipurgecm at the command line.

Multispectral files use a band assignment color map, which simply assigns data bands to color channels. This type of color map is not saved, as it is quite easy to configure in the process of image insertion.

See also:

■ Assign Color Map Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) (page 325)

To assign a color map to an image

➤ On the Color Map Assignment dialog box, do one of the following:

■ For a palette color map, use the drop-down list to select a color map.

If you want to edit, copy, or create a new color map, click the appropriate button to the right of the list, then use the Palette Color

Map Definition (page 345) dialog box to make changes. If you do not

want to insert the image into the display, clear the Insert Into Display check box.

■ For a band assignment color map, use the three drop-down lists to

specify a data band for each color channel. If you want to turn off one or more of the colors, clear the appropriate check boxes. If you do not want to insert the image into the display, clear the Insert Into Display check box.

Quick Reference

Click Image ➤ Insert. Then select Insertion Wizard or Insertion Dialog

Command Line

iinsert

Assigning a Color Map to an Image | 19

Dialog Box

Assign Color Map Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) (page 325)

Creating New Images

You can create a new blank image for use with the image merge and vector merge tools.

When you create a new image, you begin by defining an image frame in the

New Image (page 342) dialog box. After you have created a new image, you

must save it to create a link between the drawing and the image file.

To create a new image

1 Click Image menu ➤ New.

The New Image (page 342) dialog box is displayed.

NOTE If the Show New Image Dialog check box is cleared in the Raster Design Options dialog box, on the New Image tab, then you can access the command line interface. For more information, see New Image Tab

(ProductNameShort Options Dialog Box) (page 354).

2 Do one of the following to choose the AutoCAD properties of your image:

■ Type the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the lower left corner of the image,

and values for scale and rotation.

■ Click Pick to select two points on the AutoCAD screen that are used

to define these properties.

3 In the Color Type area, select the color type of your new image, either

Bitonal, Grayscale, Indexed Color, or True Color.

4 In the Image Properties area, review the values for width, height, and

density and modify them if required.

Specify width and height values using either image units (pixels) or surface units (meters, feet, etc.). You can use the Dots Per drop-down list to change surface units.

5 Click OK to close the dialog box and create the new image.

20 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

Quick Reference

Image ➤ New

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

inew

Dialog Box

New Image Dialog Box (page 342)

Correlating Images

Use correlation procedures to precisely position, scale, and rotate an image within an AutoCAD drawing.

You can correlate an image during or after insertion. For instance, when using the Insertion Wizard, correlation data can be read from the image or from a file associated with the image. After you have inserted the image, you may want to rubbersheet the image to correct distortions that interfere with precise alignment of the image. Once you've aligned the image precisely, you can export correlation data for use in other drawings.

See also:

■ Exporting Images (page 48)

■ Correlation Output Types (page 54)

Correlating an Image During Insertion

You can choose from three methods to provide correlation data during insertion.

■ Quick Insert automatically inserts the image using correlation values

embedded in the image file, correlation data stored in a separate file, or using default correlation values.

Correlating Images | 21

■ Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that

can vary depending on image type: assigning a color map, specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values, and transforming coordinate systems. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■ Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that

can vary depending on image type: specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■ Insertion Dialog provides the same functions as the Insertion Wizard, but

without the step-by-step process. You can change settings on the tabs of the dialog box in any order, then apply them to the image. This method is recommended for advanced users.

Using Quick Insert

You can use Quick Insert to perform automatic correlation during image insertion.

The Quick Insert option uses the correlation data stored with the image or in an associated file. ProdNameShort searches for a correlation data source using the following order:

1 Resource file

2 World file

3 Tab file

4 Image file

The highest order source is used to correlate the image after you click Open on the Insert Image dialog box. If ProdNameShort cannot find correlation data stored with the image, the image is inserted using the settings defined on the Image Defaults (page 351) tab of the Raster Design Options dialog box. For example, geographical maps are often used not in true scale, but in 1:1 scale. With ProdNameShort you can set the default value of the insertion point to 0,0, the scale to 1:1, and the rotation to 0, then use the Quick Insert method to make insertion quicker and more efficient.

22 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

To insert an image using Quick Insert

■ In the Insert Options section of the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box,

choose Quick Insert.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Specifying Correlation Settings

You can use either the Insertion Wizard or the Image Insertion (page 325) dialog box to provide correlation settings at the time of image insertion.

The Insertion Wizard is recommended for new or intermediate ProdNameShort users, as it walks you through the correlation settings in a logical sequence. The Image Insertion dialog box presents the same settings on several tabs so you can review and modify the settings in any order.

The tabs are as follows, though you may see only three or four of them, depending on image type and application environment:

■ The Assign Color Map (page 325) tab is presented when inserting digital

elevation model (DEM) files or multispectral images, as you can choose various color map options before insertion.

■ The Source (page 326) tab displays correlation data from the current

correlation source for the image.

■ The Modify (page 327) tab displays the correlation values in fields that you

can modify to correlate the image.

Specifying Correlation Settings | 23

■ The Transform (page 329) tab is presented only if ProdNameShort is running

on a geographic application such as AutoCAD Map 3D. This tab is used to transform the coordinate system of an image.

■ The Insertion (page 328) tab displays the revised correlation values, reflecting

any changes you made on the Modify and Transform tabs. Use this tab to review the settings before insertion and to select a color for the image frame or the foreground of a bitonal image.

To use the Insertion Wizard

1 In the Insert Options section of the Insert Image dialog box, choose

Insertion Wizard.

2 After you have chosen your insert option and image file name, click

Open.

3 If applicable, choose a color map for the image.

4 On the Pick Correlation Source panel, select a correlation source and

review the displayed correlation settings.

For correlation sources other than Image Default and Image File, the full path for the listed source is displayed for you to verify that the proper correlation file is being read. If you find that the desired correlation source is not available, you should cancel the insertion process and set the correlation path in the Raster Design Options (page 351) dialog box, or copy the correlation file to a new folder.

5 Click Next. The Modify Correlation Values panel is displayed.

Modify correlation values

6 On the Modify (page 327) tab, in the Modify Correlation Values area, enter

any required changes to the location of the insertion point, rotation, or scale.

The insertion point is the lower left corner of the image in the drawing.

The scale value represents the ratio of AutoCAD units to the scanned image units. A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the image; a value less than 1 shrinks the image.

7 Optionally choose new units of measurement from the Image Units list.

For example, if your image was scanned at 300 dpi, choose Inch as the density units. If density information was stored with the correlation source you selected, you cannot change this value.

8 Click Next.

24 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

If the Transform panel is displayed, complete step 9 to 14; otherwise go to step 15.

Transform coordinate system

9 Compare the coordinate systems of the image and of the current drawing,

as displayed on the Transform (page 329) panel. If the two coordinate systems do not match, you should perform a coordinate transformation on the image to position it properly in the drawing.

10 To convert the image coordinate system, select the Transform to Drawing’ s

Coordinate System check box; otherwise, go to step 14. If you are transforming the image, select the appropriate Transform Type:

■ True (pixel by pixel): produces the most accurate results.

■ 4-Point Rubbersheet: approximate transformation, most accurate near

the control points.

■ 3-Point Affine: replicates the transformation performed by FDO

Connect.

11 If known, enter the code for the image coordinate system, then go to

step 14.

12 Choose the coordinate system category used in your image from the list

at the top of the dialog box.

13 Choose the coordinate system used in your image from the Coordinate

Systems in Category list.

14 Click Next. The Insertion panel is displayed.

Change AutoCAD insertion values

15 Optionally, to change correlation values, do one of the following:

■ To specify numeric values, type coordinates in the X, Y, and Z boxes

to identify the insertion point in the drawing, and type any required changes to the rotation and scale values.

■ to specify the insertion point (lower left corner), rotation, and scale

on the screen, click the Pick button. The Pick button is dimmed if a coordinate transformation has been applied. For more information, go to Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion (page 27). The ProdNameShort Insertion Wizard is modeless, which means you can leave the wizard open on your desktop and continue to grip-edit the image frame during correlation. Any grip editing changes that

Specifying Correlation Settings | 25

you make to the image frame are reflected immediately in the Insertion Values dialog box.

16 Optionally, to change the color of the image frame, under Color, click

Select.

NOTE Inserting a bitonal image (page 382) changes the foreground color. When you insert a bitonal image, ProdNameShort first looks for the foreground color in the correlation source specified. If it cannot find the color information, the foreground color defaults to current color.

17 Click Finish. The image is inserted into the drawing.

To use the Insertion dialog box

1 In the Insert Options section of the Insert Image dialog box, choose

Insertion dialog box.

2 After you have chosen your insert option and image file name, click

Open.

3 In the Image Insertion dialog box, review and modify correlation data

on the available tabs.

It is recommended that you review and modify data on the tabs from left to right: Assign Color Map, Source, Modify, Transform, then Insertion. Use the Source tab to see settings linked to the image, then modify the settings as required on the Modify and Transform tabs, finally review the results on the Insertion tab before inserting the image into the drawing. For more information about the settings on each tab, click the Help button on the tab or use the following links:

■ Assign Color Map tab (page 325)

■ Source tab (page 326)

■ Modify tab (page 327)

■ Transform tab (page 329)

■ Insertion tab (page 328)

4 On the Insertion tab, click Finish. The image is inserted into the drawing.

26 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion

You can manually or numerically adjust the frame size, scale, and rotation before inserting an image into a drawing.

This procedure is useful if you do not know the exact coordinates for the image, but you have a general idea of the image location, size, and rotation angle.

As you draw the frame on screen, its size changes proportionally to retain the aspect ratio of the image.

To adjust the frame for the image you want to insert

1 On the Insertion Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) (page 328), click Pick.

The dialog box closes so you can select points on the screen.

2 Specify an insertion point.

You can also enter coordinates on the command line, or, if correlation data is already specified, you can press Enter to accept the existing coordinates.

An outline of the frame is displayed, reflecting the aspect ratio of the image you are inserting.

3 Enter the rotation angle or move the cursor to define the rotation angle.

The Insertion tab displays the new coordinates, scale, and rotation.

4 Specify the second corner point to define the size of the frame.

NOTE You can type UNDO to undo each point, and then specify the points

again.

5 If you are using the Insertion dialog box, click Apply; if you are using the

Insertion Wizard, click Finish.

The image is inserted onto the current AutoCAD layer, and its correlation data is saved in the AutoCAD drawing. The next time you open the drawing, the image is displayed.

NOTE You can select the frame and use grip(s) (page 390) or AutoCAD commands to size, move, or rotate the image while the Insertion Wizard is open.

Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion | 27

Correlating an Image After Insertion

You can adjust the size and location of an image at any time after inserting it into a drawing.

For instance, you may need to correct distortions caused by scanning errors. There are several ways to ensure precise correlation of an inserted image:

■ Match points on an image to points in your drawing in order to scale or

rotate a raster image.

■ Displace an image, to move it in reference to existing raster or vector

entities without scaling or rotating it.

■ Scale a raster image without rotating it.

■ Rubbersheet an image to eliminate distortion and stretch or shrink a

portion of your image to align with selected control points.

Matching Image Points

You can match points between two images or between an image and a vector drawing to change the image scale and position.

The image size and orientation change to align the selected match points.

To match image points

1 Click Image menu ➤ Correlate ➤ Match.

2 Select one or more images to scale and rotate by clicking the image frames,

then press Enter.

3 Specify the first source point on the selected image.

NOTE You can select a point on the image frame by using object snaps, or

you can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

4 Specify the destination point where you want the first source point to

move to.

5 Specify the second source point on the selected image.

6 Specify the destination point where you want the second source point

to move to.

28 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

NOTE If you are using AutoCAD Land Desktop, you can substitute COGO points by typing .p, .g, or .n when ProdNameShort prompts you to enter destination points. For more information, see Snapping to COGO Points (page 82).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Correlate ➤ Match

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

imatch

Moving an Image

You can move an image without rotating or scaling it so that a base point on the image matches with a destination point on an existing vector entity or raster image.

To move an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Correlate ➤ Displace.

2 Select an image to move by clicking its image frame.

3 Select the base point on the image you want to move.

NOTE You can select a point on the image frame by using object snaps, or

you can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

4 Select the destination point for the image. This can be any AutoCAD

point, a point on an existing vector, or a point on a raster image.

Moving an Image | 29

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Correlate ➤ Displace

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

idisplace

Scaling an Image

You can match the scale of an image to the scale of a vector drawing or another image.

To scale an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Correlate ➤ Scale.

2 Select an image to scale by clicking its image frame.

3 Select a base point for the scale. This point acts as an anchor point for

the image as its dimensions are scaled.

NOTE You can select a point on the image frame by using object snaps, or you can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

4 Define the source distance factor by typing a value or by selecting two

points to define the distance.

For example, if you want to match the scale of one image to another image, select two points on the source image that you want to match with points on the image that is correctly scaled.

5 Define the destination distance by typing a value or by picking two points

to define the distance.

For example, select two points on the correctly scaled image that you want the source image to align with. If the source and destination distance factors are the same value, then the image will not be scaled.

30 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

NOTE If you want to match the image rotation, use the Deskew option. If you want to move or scale the image as well as rotate the image, use the Match option. For more information, see Snapping to COGO Points (page

82) and Correlating an Image After Insertion (page 28).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Correlate ➤ Scale

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iscale

Rubbersheeting an Image

You can transform an image to correct distortions in distance and shape.

Image distortions can sometimes prevent you from aligning an image in your drawing. For example, correlation by scanning or matching may not work on aerial photographs that include distortions caused by parallax, unevenness of terrain, or lens distortion. In these cases, you can use rubbersheeting to permanently correct most of the distortions in an image.

Rubbersheeting uses a set of matched control points, consisting of source points in the image and destination points in the drawing. You can specify these points by picking them directly in the drawing, or by establishing a grid of destination points, to which you match source points. Once these control points are established, the image is transformed so that the points align as closely as possible.

Rubbersheeting an Image | 31

There are two transformation methods you can use to correct your image:

■ The Triangular method draws a series of triangles between the control

points, then applies the transformation to those areas. This process uses the Delaunay triangulation method in which no point lies inside the circle that includes the vertices of any triangle. Each triangular area is transformed separately, so this method is much more accurate than the polynomial method, but can result in the loss of some image data. The area to be transformed, called the convex hull, is defined by the outermost destination points. Image data outside the convex hull is discarded. You can see which portion of the image will be transformed using the Preview. If you want to preserve more of the image data, place control points near the extents of the image.

■ The Polynomial method transforms the entire image to match, as nearly

as possible, the control points you specify. Unlike the triangular method, however, the actual destination points are not always located at the destination points you specified. The resulting positional error is expressed as a numerical value in the Rubbersheet dialog box, and is displayed graphically on the image after the control points have been entered. As shown in the following figure, the error for each point is measured as a distance from the intended destination point to the actual destination point.

The error is calculated using the following distance formula:

The total RMS (Root Mean Square) error of the image is calculated using the following formula:

32 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

By adjusting the polynomial degree, you can increase the accuracy of the matching points. However, reducing the error can create a higher degree of warping in the image as it is transformed to match the control points. Therefore, you should use the lowest possible polynomial degree that will still give you an acceptable result. Higher polynomial degrees result in smaller errors at the control points, but more warping at locations away from the control points.

The following table lists the maximum polynomial degrees possible for ranges of control points. For example, if you select 12 control points, the maximum polynomial degree you can select is 3. When the minimum number of control points is used for a particular polynomial degree, the reported errors at the control points will be zero.

Number of Control Points

Maximum Polynomial Degrees

13-5

26-9

310-14

415-20

521-27

ProdNameShort does not limit the number of control points you can use.

The Preview tool allows you to see the extents of the transformed image before you actually apply the changes. The convex hull of destination points is displayed in red, while the convex hull of source points is shown in blue.

Using four points to rubbersheet (e.g., four corners of an image) usually results in error at these points. In some applications, such as when rubbersheeted images will be tiled, this error may be unacceptable. To eliminate this error, you can change the polynomial equation so that a zero error condition results from the use of four points rather than three points. This change is made in the system registry. For complete instructions, go to the ProdNameShort Support website (http://www.autodesk.com/rasterdesign-support) and search on the term “4 point rubbersheet”.

Rubbersheeting an Image | 33

NOTE Rubbersheeting is best suited for making minor transformations to an image. For best results, start with a comprehensive and accurate network of survey control points, then use match and scale before rubbersheeting to get the image as close to the desired results as possible. It is also helpful to get a good spread of the control points over the entire image. Where you don't have control points, you can specify anchor points.

TIP If you prefer to use the command line to rubbersheet your images, type

-irsheet.

NOTE Use the match feature to get the image as close as possible to the desired result before you begin rubbersheeting.

To rubbersheet an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Correlate ➤ Rubbersheet.

2 Select the image to rubbersheet.

NOTE If there is only one image in the current drawing, that image is

automatically selected.

3 On the Rubbersheet dialog box, select a method: Triangular or Polynomial.

4 Choose one of the following rubbersheeting methods:

■ Manually add control points by picking directly from the image.

Follow steps 5 to 8.

■ Create a grid of destination points to which you can match source

points. Follow steps 9 to 15.

■ Import a list of saved control points by clicking the Import button

and choosing the .txt file from the Open dialog box.

NOTE When you click OK, Rubbersheet automatically saves the last control points you enter to a file named LASTRS.txt in your Temp folder.

The Rubbersheet dialog box displays the exact coordinates of each source point and destination point, and the amount of error (if any).

Pick control points

5 Click the Add Points button.

34 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

The Rubbersheet dialog box disappears and ProdNameShort prompts you to select the first source point. You must select at least three pairs of source points and destination points.

6 Select the first source point for the first control point on the image.

NOTE You can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

7 Do one of the following:

■ Specify the destination point to which the source point should be

moved.

■ Type a to anchor the selected point where it is.

■ Type u to undo the point and select the point again.

8 Select at least three more pairs of source and destination points, and then

press Enter to return to the Rubbersheet dialog box. Go to step 16.

9 Click the Grid Points button.

The Rubbersheet dialog box disappears and the Grid Parameters dialog box appears.

10 In the Points section, choose how many rows and columns of points you

want to comprise the grid.

The total number of points in the grid is displayed at the bottom of the Points section.

11 In the Grid section, enter the X and Y origins of the grid, or click the Pick

button to choose the grid origin directly from the drawing (pressing Enter to return to the Grid Parameters dialog box).

12 In the Cell section, enter the X and Y sizes to determine the distance

between columns and rows (respectively), or click the Pick button to draw a two-point rectangle representing the cell size directly in the drawing (pressing Enter to return to the Grid Parameters dialog box).

13 Click the Preview button to see a representation of the grid in the drawing

(pressing Enter to return to the Grid Parameters dialog box).

Rubbersheeting an Image | 35

14 Click the Add Points button to match source points to the grid of

destination points.

The Grid Parameters dialog box disappears and ProdNameShort automatically pans to the first destination point.

NOTE You can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

15 Do one of the following:

■ Click to enter a corresponding source point for the current destination

point.

■ Type a to anchor the selected point where it is.

■ Type s to skip to the next destination point. ProdNameShort will

return to this point when the other destination points have been matched to source points.

■ Type u to undo the point and select the point again.

ProdNameShort automatically pans to the next point until all of the destination points have been matched to source points.

16 If you selected Polynomial as the transformation method, and you entered

six or more control points, you can adjust the polynomial Degree value.

This decreases error by increasing the degree to which an image can be transformed in order to match control points.

NOTE It is a good idea to use the lowest possible polynomial degree that will still give you an acceptable result. Higher polynomial degrees result in smaller errors at the control points, but also result in more warping at places where there are no control points.

17 If you want to view a specific point, select that point from the list of

control points, and then click the Zoom To button to view the point in the drawing.

18 If you want to adjust a specific point, select that point from the list of

control points, and then click the Repick button to enter a new control point.

NOTE Select the Auto Zoom check box if you want AutoCAD to zoom in to the selected control point when you use Repick.

36 | Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images

19 If you want to remove a specific control point from the list, select that

point from the list of control points, and then click the Delete button.

20 Click the Preview button to see the extents of the transformed image

before you actually apply the changes. The convex hull of destination points is displayed in red, while the convex hull of source points is shown in blue. Press Enter to return to the Rubbersheet dialog box.

21 Click the Export button to save your control point set to a .txt file for

later use.

NOTE You can import the saved control points to rubbersheet other images, such as superimposed images for the same drawing.

22 Click OK to perform the rubbersheet.

If you do not get the results you want, use the UNDO command and try again. Use the match feature to get the image as close as possible to the desired result. For more information, see Undoing Edits to an Image (page

81).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Correlate ➤ Rubbersheet

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

irsheet

Dialog Box

Grid Parameters Dialog Box (page 315)

Rubbersheeting an Image | 37

Saving Images

Images are saved and managed separate from the drawings that contain them.

There are several ways to save images in Raster Design:

■ Click File ➤ Save/Save As. You are prompted to save each image that has changes, and

then you are prompted to save the drawing. You can click Save As to save the image with a new name, location, or file format.

■ Click Image menu ➤ Save. This command saves an image without saving the drawing.

You can save more than one image at a time using this command.

■ Click Image menu ➤ Save As. This command saves an image to another file name, file

format, or location, without saving the drawing.

■ Click Image menu ➤ Capture. This command saves a displayed image or image set as a

standard AutoCAD image, for use with Raster Design or other programs.

■ Click Image menu ➤ Image Embed. This command saves a bitonal image within the host

drawing, making it easier to manage for transmission and storage.

■ Click Image ➤ Export ➤ Image.

This command saves an image to a different file format and allows you to save correlation data separately in resource files and world files, for use with Raster Design or other programs. For more information, see Correlation Output Types (page 54).

Export is the only way to save images displayed from digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral data.

Saving an Image

After you edit an image, you can save it without saving your drawing.

You can save more than one image at a time using this method. The image will be saved using the current name and format.

To save an image without saving your drawing

1 Click Image menu ➤ Save.

2 Select the image(s) you want to save.

NOTE You can also select the image first, and then right-click to display the

shortcut menu where you can select Image ➤ Write ➤ Save.

3 Press Enter to complete the selection set.

The image(s) you selected are saved.

If any of the images you select are unnamed, then the Save As dialog box is displayed so you can give the image a name, location, and file type. For more information, see Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type,

or Location (page 43).

If your image does not save correctly, verify the following

■ No copies of the image exist in other drawings.

■ The URL address you specified is correct.

■ The read-only attribute is not set on your disk.

NOTE Raster Design uses Single Image Optimization (page 396) to speed up the editing commands.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Save

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view, image ➤ Write ➤ Save

Object Shortcut Menu

Image ➤ Write ➤ Save

Raster Design Toolbar

40 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

Command Line

isave

Saving Images with AutoCAD Save

You can use the AutoCAD Save option to save the changes to your images.

The AutoCAD Save option is standard for most Autodesk products that use Raster Design. When you save in this way, the correlation data for the images is stored in the drawing. The next time you open the drawing, the images are displayed.

NOTE You can use the AutoCAD UNDO command to undo each edit that you make, back to the last time you saved your drawing. The information pertaining to these edits is saved in a buffer file that can become quite large and reduce the performance of your system. Saving your drawing and images clears this buffer.

To save an image using the AutoCAD Save command

1 Click File menu ➤ Save. Or exit AutoCAD.

You are prompted to save your drawing, and then you are prompted separately for each image that has changed. The name of the image to be saved is specified in the Save dialog box.

NOTE You are only prompted to save your image files if you have modified image data. If you have changed only correlation information, then AutoCAD saves the correlation information but does not prompt you to save your image files.

2 Click one of the following:

■ Save save the specified image and be prompted for the next image.

This option saves the image using the same path, name, and format.

■ Save All saves all images with no further prompts.

■ Skip continues without saving the specified image and be prompted

for the next image.

■ Skip All continues without saving any more images.

■ Save As saves the specified image to another path, name, or file format.

■ Information displays information about the image before you save it.

Saving Images with AutoCAD Save | 41

For certain file formats, such as TIFF, you are prompted for the encoding and data organization methods you want to use. For more information, see Encoding and Data Organization Methods (page 54).

Quick Reference

File ➤ Save

AutoCAD Toolbar

Dialog Box

Save As Dialog Box (page 366)

Embedding Images in a Drawing

You can save bitonal images within a drawing to simplify file management.

The regular Save operations save drawings and their associated images as separate files, often in different directories. This structure can be difficult to manage if you need to transfer drawings and images to other locations and retain the file relationships. Image embedding (iembed command) provides an alternative for bitonal images by saving them within the host drawing.

An embedded image can be removed from its host drawing and saved as an separate file by using the Un-embed (iunembed) or Save As (isaveas) commands.

To save an image using the Image Embed command

1 In the drawing window, select the image or images you want to embed.

2 Click Image menu ➤ Image Embed.

3 Verify that the images are embedded in the drawing.

In Image Manager, “_EMBED” is added to the end of the image name for each embedded image. If you need to open Image Manager, click Image menu ➤ Manage.

42 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

To un-embed an image

1 In Image Manager, select the image you want to un-embed.

2 Right-click and click Un-embed.

3 In the Save As dialog box, specify the name, location, and format for the

image.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Image Embed

Command Line

iembed, iunembed

Image Manager

Right-click image ➤ Embed or Un-embed

Dialog Box

Save As

Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location

You can save an image to another file name, file type, or location, without saving the drawing file.

For example, if you have edited an image and you do not want to modify the original image file, then you can save the edited image to a different file name.

If you have access to an FTP site, you can save your images to the Internet. For more information, see Saving an Image to an FTP Site (page 45).

The Save As option is also useful if you inserted a non-editable image file that you want to edit. This situation may occur if you inserted an image from a CD-ROM, for example, or if you inserted an image that has a file format that Raster Design cannot write to.

NOTE Raster Design uses Single Image Optimization (page 396) to speed up the editing commands.

Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location | 43

To save an image to a different file name, file type, or location

1 Click Image menu ➤ Save As.

2 Select the image to save. You can save only one image at a time using

this command.

The Save As (page 366) dialog box is displayed.

NOTE You can also select the image first, and then right-click to display the shortcut menu where you can select Image ➤ Write ➤ Save As.

3 You can enter a different file name in the File Name box.

4 There are two methods you can use to navigate to a new location to which

to save the image:

■ Choose the drive and folder using standard Windows navigation

procedures.

■ Choose a location from the Places List on the left side of the dialog

box to navigate directly to the My Documents folder (or the Personal folder, depending on which operating system you are using), the Desktop, or the Favorites folder.

5 You can save the image to a different file type by selecting a file type

from the Save File as Type list.

NOTE AutoCAD works best with certain image types. To optimize performance, export or save your images as tiled, compressed TIFFs whenever possible.

6 Click OK when you are ready to save the image.

For certain file formats, such as TIFF, you are prompted for the encoding and data organization methods you want to use. For more information, see Encoding and Data Organization Methods (page 54)

NOTE If you have saved using the save as command, multiple copies of the image now exist, but all copies point to the new filename. For more information, see Save As Dialog Box (page 366).

44 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Save As

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image ➤ Write ➤ Save As

Object Shortcut Menu

Image ➤ Write ➤ Save As

REM Toolbar

Command Line

isaveas

Dialog Box

Save As Dialog Box (page 366)

Saving an Image to an FTP Site

If you have access to an FTP site, you can save your images to the Internet.

To save an image to an FTP site

1 Click Image menu ➤ Save As.

2 Select the image to save. You can only save one image at a time using

this command.

The Save As (page 366) dialog box is displayed.

3 Click the FTP icon in the Places List.

4 Click Tools menu ➤ Add/Modify FTP Locations.

The Post to FTP Locations dialog box is displayed.

5 In the Name of FTP Site text box, enter the name of the FTP server.

6 In the Log On As section, select either Anonymous or User.

If you select the User option, enter a username in the combo box.

Saving an Image to an FTP Site | 45

7 Enter a password in the Password text box.

8 Click Add.

9 Click OK to return to the Save As dialog box.

10 Navigate the FTP site using standard Windows navigation methods.

11 You can enter a different file name in the File Name box.

12 You can save the image to a different file type by selecting a file type

from the Save File as Type list.

13 Click OK when you are ready to save the image.

For certain file formats, such as TIFF, you are prompted for the encoding and data organization methods you want to use. For more information, see Encoding and Data Organization Methods (page 54)

NOTE If you have saved using the save as command, multiple copies of the image now exist, but all copies point to the new filename. For more information, see Save As Dialog Box (page 366).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Save As

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view, Insertion object ➤ Write ➤ Save As

Object Shortcut Menu

Image ➤ Write ➤ Save As

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

isaveas

Dialog Box

Save As Dialog Box (page 366)

46 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

Capturing an Image

You can capture an image if it cannot be saved in the usual way, or if you want to preserve a specific display for later use.

An image capture is like a photograph of the displayed image on your screen. It is particularly useful when you want to prepare images for a presentation or a report. For example, you can capture several displays of satellite data with different color maps. Then you can edit these static images with regular Autodesk tools, and save them in a simpler format such as JPEG or TIFF.

The transparency setting in the source image is preserved in the capture. For complex images from digital elevation models (DEM) or multispectral data, the capture is simplified to a true color image with an Image Adjust color map.

The transparency setting in the source image is preserved in the capture.

When used with AutoCAD Map 3D, Raster Design can capture data from a layer in Display Manager, which can include Feature Data Objects (FDO) and other imported data. In this type of capture, you have several options for the capture, such as capturing the stylized display or the source data, selecting the capture area, resolution, and type of coordinate transformation, if applicable.

To capture an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Capture.

If you are using AutoCAD Map 3D and capturing a raster layer, the Display

Manager Raster Layer Capture Dialog Box (page 307) is displayed for you

to specify capture parameters such as the data type, area, resolution, and type of coordinate transformation.

The current image is captured and inserted into the display, directly on top of the source image. The capture is also added to the top of the Image Manager tree.

2 If you want to save the capture with a different name, format, or location,

select the capture, right-click and click Image menu ➤ Write ➤ Save As.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Capture

Capturing an Image | 47

Command Line

icapture

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view, Insertion object ➤ Capture

Object Shortcut Menu

Image ➤ Capture

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

icapture

Exporting Images

Use Export commands to save an image to a different file format or to save correlation files for the image.

Exporting is the only way to save images displayed from digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral data. These images are saved in GeoTIFF format.

Use the options in the Export Options (page 313) dialog box to handle image correlation data and rotation values, if applicable.

NOTE If you want to save an image to another file format, name, or location, without saving correlation information, then do not select a correlation output type, or use the Save As option instead. For more information, see Save As Dialog

Box (page 366).

Correlation files store insertion point, scale (page 396), rotation angle (page 395), and density (page 387) information for the image. GeoTIFF files can also include coordinate system data. Depending on the file format you select, you can save the correlation information to a resource file (page 395), a world file (page 400), or to the image file. Normally, these files are saved to the same location as the image file. However, you can control this path on the Paths tab (page 355) of the Raster Design options dialog box. For more information, see Correlation

Search Paths (page 247).

48 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

Correlation files store insertion point, scale (page 396), rotation angle (page 395), and density (page 387) information for the image. Depending on the file format you select, you can save the correlation information to a resource file (page

395), a world file (page 400), or to the image file. Normally, these files are saved to the same location as the image file. However, you can control this path on the Paths tab (page 355) of the Raster Design options dialog box. For more information, see Correlation Search Paths (page 247).

If you want to export correlation as a world file without exporting the associated image, you can use the iworldout command.

NOTE Raster Design uses Single Image Optimization (page 396) to speed up the editing commands.

For certain file formats, such as TIFF, you are prompted for the encoding and data organization methods you want to use. For more information, see

Encoding and Data Organization Methods (page 54).

Exporting an Image

You can export images in order to save them to new locations, file names, or file types.

You can also save image correlation data as a separate file.

To export an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Export ➤ Image.

2 Click the frame of the image you want to export.

The Export (page 311) dialog box is displayed.

3 In the Files Of Type box, select the desired format for the new image.

If you are exporting a DEM or multispectral image the type must be GeoTIFF.

NOTE AutoCAD works best with certain image types. To optimize performance, export or save your images in tiled compressed TIFF format whenever possible.

4 Optionally, to navigate to a new location to which to export the image,

do one of the following:

■ Select the drive and folder using standard Windows navigation

procedures.

Exporting an Image | 49

■ Select a location from the Places List on the left side of the dialog box

to navigate directly to the My Documents folder (or the Personal folder, depending on which operating system you are using), the Desktop, or the Favorites folder.

5 In either the File Name or Base Name box, enter a name for the image

file or select a file name from the list.

NOTE You cannot export an image to a file name that is locked. For example, if one person loads image1.tif and locks the raster image file, then another person can not export image2.tif to image1.tif because the first person has a raster file lock for image1.tif. For more information about locking image files, see Locking Method for Image Files (page 258).

6 Click Export.

7 In the Encoding Method (page 311) dialog box, specify whether to

compress the image, and if so, which encoding method to use. Click Next.

8 In the Data Organization (page 307) dialog box, specify Tiled, Stripped,

or Monolithic. Click Next.

9 In the Export Options (page 313) dialog box, specify the relationship

between the exported image and the drawing. Specify how to handle image rotation, if applicable, and correlation data.

10 Do one of the following:

■ If a Finish button is displayed at the bottom of the screen, click the

button to export the image.

■ If a Next button is displayed at the bottom of the screen, click the

button to open the Coordinate System Assignment (page 305) dialog box, where you can select a GeoTIFF coordinate system for the exported image.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Export ➤ Image

50 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view, Insertion object ➤ Write ➤ Export

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iexport

Dialog Box

Export Dialog Box (page 311)

Exporting an Image to an FTP Site

If you have access to an FTP site, you can export your images to the Internet.

To export an image to an FTP site

1 Click Image ➤ Export ➤ Image.

2 Select the image to export. You can export only one image at a time using

this command.

NOTE You can also select the image first, and then right-click to display the shortcut menu where you can select Image ➤ Write ➤ Export.

3 In the Export Data (page 311) dialog box, click the FTP icon in the Places

List.

4 Click Tools menu ➤ Add/Modify FTP Locations.

The Post To FTP Locations dialog box is displayed.

5 In the Name Of FTP Site text box, enter the name of the FTP server.

6 In the Log On As section, select either Anonymous or User.

If you select the User option, enter a username in the combo box.

7 Enter a password in the Password text box.

8 Click Add.

9 Click OK to return to the Export dialog box.

Exporting an Image to an FTP Site | 51

10 Navigate the FTP site using standard Windows navigation methods.

11 You can enter a different file name in the File Name box.

12 You can export the image to a different file type by selecting a file type

from the Save File as Type list.

13 Click OK when you are ready to export the image.

For certain file formats, such as TIFF, you are prompted for the encoding and data organization methods you want to use. For more information, see Encoding and Data Organization Methods (page 54).

NOTE If you have saved using the Save As option, multiple copies of the image now exist, but all copies point to the new filename. For more information, see Save As Dialog Box (page 366).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Export ➤ Image

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view, Insertion object ➤ Write ➤ Export

REM Toolbar

Command Line

iexport

Dialog Box

Export Dialog Box (page 311)

Exporting a World File

You can export the image correlation without exporting the entire image by using the iworldout command to create a world file (page 400).

52 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

The resulting world file shares the same file name as the associated image, but the extension ends in a “w” (for example, the world file for lakshor.tif is lakshor.tfw).

NOTE Raster Design exports world files based on World coordinates and imports them based on the current UCS.

To export a World File

1 Click Image menu ➤ Export ➤ World File.

2 Type a path to which to save the file, or press Enter to accept the default

path.

NOTE By default this command saves the world file to the same location as the image file. However, you can control this path on the Paths tab of the Raster Design Options dialog box. For more information, see Correlation Search Paths (page

247).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Export ➤ World File

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view, Insertion object ➤ Write ➤ Export

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iexport

Dialog Box

Export Dialog Box (page 311)

Exporting a World File | 53

Correlation Output Types

Depending on what type of image you are exporting, you can choose from among some of the following correlation output file types:

■ Bitonal Images. Use to creates resource files compatible with Raster Design

ESP version 7 (or higher).

■ Color or Grayscale Images. Use to creates resource files compatible with

Raster Design 7.5 (or higher). You can save the correlation data externally, rather than in the drawing, so that you can use the same correlation data in another drawing.

■ World File. Use if you need to transfer the image to another program that

can use a world file (page 400), such as a mapping program. You can use the iworldout command to export a world file without exporting the associated image.

■ Resource File. Use to share images with other Raster Design users, or for

inserting the image into another drawing. A resource file has a .RES extension. You can create resource files for all image types.

■ Image File. Use with file types that can store correlation information within

the image file. Image File is also a correlation output type option when you are saving an RLC image.

■ GeoTIFF. Use with TIFF files to store correlation information within the

image file.

NOTE Both Resource files and World files are saved to the path specified in the Raster Design Options dialog box. If no correlation search path is designated, Raster Design uses the folder where the image file is stored. For more information, see Correlation Search Paths (page 247).

Encoding and Data Organization Methods

When you export certain file formats, such as TIFF, you are prompted for the encoding and data organization methods you want to use. If you are uncertain about which method to choose, then accept the default, which reflects how the image was saved previously.

NOTE AutoCAD works best with certain image types. To optimize performance, export or save your images in tiled compressed TIFF format whenever possible.

54 | Chapter 3 Saving Images

To choose a method of data encoding (compression) and data organization

1 In the Encoding Method dialog box, choose an encoding method to

reduce the image file size. If file size is not an issue, then select the Uncompressed option.

NOTE If you are unsure which method to choose, then accept the default, which reflects how the image was saved previously.

2 Click Next to display the Data Organization dialog box. The data

organization method affects how your image data is stored, regardless of the encoding method. Choose one of the following methods:

■ Monolithic stores all image data together (not recommended for large

images).

■ Stripped stores the image data in strips.

■ Tiled stores the image data in tiles.

3 Click Finish to complete the process, or click Back to return to the

Encoding Method page.

Encoding and Data Organization Methods | 55

Changing Image Properties

You can use the AutoCAD Properties window to specify image properties.

AutoCAD Properties

In the AutoCAD Properties window, you can specify image properties.

The properties are as follows:

■ Layer

■ Color

■ Linetype

■ Display options, including image transparency, visibility, brightness, contrast,

and fade values

■ Geometry settings, such as X, Y, and Z position, rotation, width, height, and

scale

When an image mask is selected, you can turn the mask on or off, turn image frames on or off, and set properties of the images outside the mask.

You can also use the Properties window to obtain the following information about the image:

■ Name

■ Path (saved path)

■ File type and size

■ Dates when the image was created and last modified

■ Color depth and type

■ Pixel width and height

■ Edit status

If the image contains raster entity manipulation (REM) objects, you can use the Properties window to see detailed specifications of these objects.

Image Display Properties

You can choose to hide or display images in your drawing to improve the system redraw time.

You can also hide/show and unload/reload images from the Image Manager

Toolspace (page 330).

To change image display properties

1 Click the frame of the image(s) you want to change, then

right-click ➤ Properties.

TIP If you are zoomed in and cannot see the image frames, press Shift + left-click to select the image(s).

2 Click the Show Image property, then select Yes or No from the list.

3 Click the Show Clipped property, then select Yes or No from the list.

4 Close the Properties dialog box.

For more information on the Properties window, see the AutoCAD Command Reference in the AutoCAD Help or Users Guide.

Image Display Quality

You can display your images in high quality or draft quality.

High quality involves dithering the pixels so that the transitions between pixels appear more gradual. Draft quality can speed up the performance of your system, but may reduce the quality of some color and grayscale images on screen.

To change the image display quality

1 Select an Image, then right-click ➤ Properties.

58 | Chapter 4 Changing Image Properties

2 Click the Quality Setting property, then select a new setting from the list:

■ High dithers the pixels. Color and shade differences between pixels

are blended for a more realistic appearance.

■ Draft does not dither the pixels. This setting is recommended for

bitonal images, or whenever you want to see the pixel size.

NOTE The display quality setting affects only how the image is displayed on screen. It does not alter in any way the contents of the image file.

3 Close the Properties dialog box.

Image Frame Display

You can choose to display the image frame (page 391) above the images, behind the images, or you can turn off the frames.

When frames are behind the images, you can still select an image by selecting the frame. However, when you turn frames off, you cannot select an image frame.

To change how image frames are displayed

1 Click the frame of the image(s) you want to change, then

right-click ➤ Properties.

NOTE If you are zoomed in and cannot see the image frames, press Shift + left-click to select the image(s).

2 Click the Frame Setting property, then select a setting from the list:

■ Frame above displays the frame above the image.

■ Frame below hides the frame behind the image, but you can still select

the image by selecting the frame.

■ Frames off turns off the frames. If frames are turned off, you must use

the Shift + left-click select method to select an image.

NOTE If you use the Toggle Frames option to turn the frames off and then turn them on again, the frames reappear above the image. For more information, see Changing the Image Frame Visibility (page 242).

Image Frame Display | 59

3 Close the Properties dialog box.

Image Layer

When you insert an image, it is inserted onto the current AutoCAD layer. However, you can move the image to another layer. The following layer properties allow you to control image display, image editing, and image saving.

ties

FunctionLayer Proper-

On/Off

Thaw/Freeze

Unlocked/Locked

Color

Turns images on and off. Images that are off are still regenerated. When a layer is off, you can save an image to the layer, but you cannot edit an image on that layer.

Saves the image. You cannot display or edit an image on a frozen layer. The system does not update a frozen layer.

Displays and saves an image on a locked layer. You cannot edit a locked layer.

A bitonal image can use the color of the layer. For more information, see Foreground Color of a Bitonal Image (page

61).

TIP If you have multiple images on top of each other, and you do not want to rub, crop, or mask all of the images, you can lock a layer containing an image you do not want modified.

To move an image to a different layer

1 Click the frame of the image(s) you want to move to a different layer,

then right-click ➤ Properties.

TIP If you are zoomed in and cannot see the image frames, press Shift + left-click to select the image(s).

2 Click the Layer property, then select a new layer from the list.

3 Close the Properties dialog box.

60 | Chapter 4 Changing Image Properties

For more information on the Properties window, see the AutoCAD Command Reference in the AutoCAD Help or Users Guide.

Linetype of an Image Frame

You can select a different AutoCAD linetype for an image frame.

To change the linetype of an image frame

1 Click the frame of the image(s) whose linetype you want to change, then

right-click ➤ Properties.

2 Click the Linetype property, then select a new linetype from the list.

3 Close the Properties dialog box.

For more information on the Properties window, see the AutoCAD Command Reference in the AutoCAD Help or Users Guide.

Foreground Color of a Bitonal Image

The foreground color is used for the raster entities in a bitonal image.

The foreground color is also known as the color map of a bitonal image. It can be changed from the Image Manager toolspace, just like color maps for other image types.

You can select a color for the image from the current palette or have the image use the color of the AutoCAD layer it is on.

To change the foreground color of a bitonal image

1 Click the frame of the bitonal image(s) you want to change.

TIP If you are zoomed in and cannot see the image frames, press Shift +

left-click to select the image(s).

2 Right-click, then choose Properties from the short-cut menu.

3 Click the Color property, then select a new color from the drop-down

list.

4 Close the Properties dialog box.

For more information on the Properties window, see the AutoCAD Command Reference in the AutoCAD Help or Users Guide.

Linetype of an Image Frame | 61

Quick Reference

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

From color map object ➤ Edit Color Map

Object Shortcut Menu

Properties, Color

Command Line

properties

Transparency Color of an Image

You can make one color in each image transparent.

Making a color transparent is helpful if you want to see information that is displayed behind the image. In a bitonal image, the transparency color is always the background color of the image. For grayscale and color images, you can choose the transparency color.

The transparency color is also used to replace data that is removed when you edit an image using the rub or crop commands. If transparency is turned on for the image, the rubbed areas (or the slack space in a cropped image) become transparent. For more information, see Cropping Images (page 144) and

Removing (Rubbing) Images (page 149).

If you merge two images, the transparency color that is used to fill the space between the two images depends upon the display order you specify in the

Image Manager Toolspace (page 330).To use the transparency color of the first

image in the list for the fill color, click Image menu ➤ Merge ➤ Images.

Sometimes you may want to designate an unused color as the transparency color. For instance, when merging images, turning on transparency may make some desirable pixels transparent. The rbackground command allows you to designate an unused color in a grayscale image as the transparency color. Pixels with a value of 255 (white) are changed to a value of 254 (near white), then the transparency color is set to a value of 255. The resulting image will have no pixels with a value of 255.

NOTE Changing the transparency color does not affect the color of the existing rubs and crops.

62 | Chapter 4 Changing Image Properties

To change the transparency color

1 Zoom in on the image so you can accurately select the color.

2 Select the image, then right-click ➤ Properties.

NOTE If you are zoomed so you cannot see the image frames, press Shift +

left-click to select the image.

3 Click the Transparency Color property, then click the button in the

property field.

The Transparency Color dialog box is displayed.

NOTE Selecting a color is necessary only for color and grayscale images. To make a bitonal image transparent, skip to step 7.

4 Click Select.

The cursor changes shape and the dialog box temporarily disappears so that you can choose a color from the image.

5 Pick the desired color on the image, and click OK.

6 Click the Transparency property, then select Yes from the list to make

the color you just selected transparent.

If you want to use the color for rubbing and cropping but you also want the color displayed in the image, select No for Transparency.

NOTE Changing the transparency color does not affect the color of the existing rubs and crops.

7 Close the Properties dialog box.

Unused Color for Transparent Color

The rbackground command allows you to designate an unused color as the transparency color.

This is especially useful for merging images in which the designated transparency color in one image may cause valuable pixels in the other image to become transparent.

Unused Color for Transparent Color | 63

To designate an unused color as the transparency color

1 On the command line, enter rbackground.

2 Select the image or images that you want to change, and then press Enter.

NOTE You can also select your image or images before you use the

rbackground command.

64 | Chapter 4 Changing Image Properties

Managing Images and Insertions

Each instance of an image that you insert into a drawing is called an insertion. Each insertion is based on an image data definition. Changing the attributes of an insertion does not affect the image data definition.

The Raster Design Image Manager (page 330) provides two views of the image data in a drawing:

■ The Image Insertions (page 331) view focuses mainly on the screen display; the object tree

shows only image insertions and color maps.

■ The Image Data (page 332) view is more detailed, showing the data elements associated

with an image.

Each view provides different shortcut menus for object types, and an item view that shows properties of the insertions and data in tabular form. In the Image Insertions view, a button at the top of the toolspace toggles between the item view and the image preview.

Controlling the Image Manager Toolspace

You should understand several controls to make the Image Manager work best for you.

For more information on the toolspace controls, see Image Manager (page 330).

Modifying the Item View Layout

For some image data, you can choose which columns to display and change the order of columns in the table.

The Image Manager item view is editable for object types such as the drawing, where the data display is a table of three or more columns. This format is more

common in the Image Data view than in the Image Insertions view. Some object types, such as the color map show a two-column item view (Properties and Value) that is not editable.

To modify the layout of the Item View table

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Choose either the Image Insertions or Image Data view, then click the

drawing name at the top of the tree.

3 In the tabular item view, click a column-head and drag it left or right in

the list to change the order of the columns.

4 Right-click a column head to see a menu where you can show or hide

columns in the table.

Displayed column headings are checked. If you want to remove a column from the display, clear the check mark for the column name.

5 Click a column head to sort the information in the table by that column.

6 Click and drag the edge of the dialog box to resize it.

NOTE You can also change the width of the columns. Just click on the line

between column headings and drag it left or right. When you click Close, your changes to the column widths are saved and used the next time you open the dialog box.

Copying Information to the Clipboard

You can transfer reference information about raster insertions or images to other applications.

Both views of the Image Manager toolspace display data about the images in the drawing. Where this data is displayed in a table of three or more columns, you can transfer the data to other applications by copying the contents of one or more selected rows to the Clipboard, then pasting it into the other application window.

To copy item view data to the Clipboard

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage.

66 | Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions

2 Choose the row(s) you want to copy from the toolspace item view.

3 Right-click and click Copy to Clipboard.

4 Click Close.

Managing Image Display and Data

You can arrange the images within a drawing, removing or restoring them, and changing their saved location.

Multiple insertions of an image can show different views of the data.

This is especially useful with multispectral and digital elevation model (DEM) data. For example, you could have one DEM insertion with a color map that shows elevation bands and another insertion that shows ground slopes.

The Image Insertions (page 331) view of the Image Manager toolspace is especially useful for zooming to an image, changing image display order, and editing color maps. You can change the attributes of an insertion, without affecting the image source data.

The Image Data (page 332) view is useful for creating new image insertions and managing the image data in your drawing.

See also:

■ Embedding Images in a Drawing (page 42)

Zooming to an Image

You can use the Image Manager toolspace to zoom to the extents of one or more insertions.

If you can see the frame of an image, you can also zoom to it by right-clicking the frame and selecting Image ➤ Zoom To. This is especially useful if you are zoomed in close and want to zoom out to see the complete image.

To zoom to an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Click the Image Insertions (page 331) view.

Managing Image Display and Data | 67

3 Click the name of the insertion or insertions you want to see, then

right-click and click Zoom To.

Quick Reference

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view: right-click image name ➤ Zoom To

Object Shortcut Menu

Right-click image frame ➤ Image ➤ Zoom To

Changing the Color Map of an Image

You can change the color map to modify the appearance and the type of data displayed in the image.

The complexity of this procedure varies with color map type, as detailed in the following table.

Color Map Editing ProcessColor Map Type

Bitonal

Image Adjust

Palette

Band Assignment

Use AutoCAD Select Color dialog to choose foreground color

Use AutoCAD Image Adjust dialog to set image brightness, contrast, and fade levels

Use Palette Assignment Color Map (page 345) dialog to choose or edit a palette color map

Use Band Assignment Color Map (page 301) dialog to assign image bands to color channels

NOTE To remove all unused color maps from a drawing, type ipurgecm at the command line.

See also:

■ Adding a Visual Elevation Key to a DEM Image (page 69)

■ Creating Another Insertion of an Image (page 70)

68 | Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions

■ Adjusting Images with the Histogram (page 92)

To change the color map of an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Click the Image Insertions (page 331) view.

3 Click the image insertion for which you want to change the color map,

right-click and click Edit Color Map. Depending on image type, the applicable dialog box opens.

NOTE If you edit an existing palette color map that is used by several images in the drawing, the changes will affect all of the images. To affect only one image, you can assign the color map that is closest to what you want, then copy that color map and rename it.

4 Make changes as required.

Adding a Visual Elevation Key to a DEM Image

You can add a small image that displays how colors are mapped to elevation ranges from lowest to highest on a digital elevation model.

Sample elevation key

To make the elevation key more useful, add elevation values to the color bands.

See also:

■ Changing the Color Map of an Image (page 68)

Adding a Visual Elevation Key to a DEM Image | 69

To add a visual elevation key

1 Click Image menu ➤ Insert. Navigate to Raster Design\Samples, and

insert the image elev_small.dem into your current drawing.

2 In the Image Manager toolspace, expand the object tree under the image

elev_small, right-click the color map, and click Edit Color Map.

3 In the Palette Assignment Color Map dialog, select the color map that is

used in your primary image.

4 Adjust the size and location of the elevation key in relation to the primary

DEM image.

Creating Another Insertion of an Image

You can insert another copy of an image when you want to use a different type of color map or make other display changes.

When you create another insertion of an AutoCAD image object (bitonal, grayscale, index color or true color), you use the same type of color map, which you can edit later.

Some of the custom image types that Raster Design handles can use two or three different types of color maps, and the only place where these options are presented is on the Image Data (page 332) view of the Image Manager toolspace, when you right-click the image data definition. If you right-click an existing color map, you can create a new image insertion using the same color map type.

When the image data definition is in single-band integer format, such as IKONOS 16-bit, a new insertion can use either a grayscale or palette color map.

When the image data definition is multispectral, a new insertion can use a grayscale, palette color, or false color map.

To create another insertion of an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Right-click the image data definition for which you want a new

insertion and click New Insertion.

70 | Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions

If the image is of single-band integer or multiband multispectral format, you see a submenu with two or three color band types to choose from. As shown in the following table, some of these choices invoke another dialog box where you configure the color map to your needs.

Dialog BoxColor Map TypeImage Data Type

The new insertion is added to the drawing.

Displaying Point Data

Interactively display the cursor location and data about the image pixel at that location.

The Raster Data Query (page 350)dialog box always tracks the cursor location and displays the color values of the image pixel at that location. Other data values associated with the pixel are displayed, subject to image type.

For example, if the image is displayed from a digital elevation model (DEM) with a color map that interprets elevation values, the elevation of the pixel at the cursor location is displayed. If Raster Design is running on Autodesk Map, the working coordinate system is also displayed.

Palette colorSingle-band integer

GrayscaleMultiband Multispectral

Palette color

False color

Palette Assignment Color Map Dialog Box (page

345)

Assign Multispectral Band Dialog Box (page 301)

New Palette Color Insertion Dialog Box (page 344)

Band Assignment Color Map Dialog Box (page

301)

To query pixel data in an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Raster Data Query. The Raster Data Query dialog

box is displayed.

2 Optionally, resize the dialog box or dock it in the left pane.

Displaying Point Data | 71

Quick Reference

Image Menu

Image ➤ Raster Data Query

Raster Design Toolbar

Dialog Box

Raster Data Query Dialog Box (page 350)

Showing and Hiding Images

You can use the Image Insertions view of the Image Manager toolspace to show or hide an image.

The Hide operation causes the least change to an displayed image, as compared to unload (page 400), erase (page 389), or detach (page 387). A hidden image is removed from the display, but the frame remains visible and the image data remains in the toolspace tree.

Use Show to restore a hidden image to the display. If an image has been unloaded, a show operation reloads it.

To show or hide an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Click the Image Insertions (page 331) view.

3 Click the insertion whose display status you want to change, then do

one of the following:

■ If the image is hidden, right-click and click Show.

■ If the image is displayed, right-click and click Hide.

Quick Reference

Toolspace Shortcut Menu

Image Insertions view: right-click insertion ➤ Hide/Show

72 | Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions

Object Shortcut Menu

Click image frame, right-click Image ➤ Hide/Show

Command Line

ihideimage, ishowimage

Dialog Box

Image Insertions View (Image Manager Toolspace) (page 331)

Changing the Display Order of Images

You can change the order in which images are stacked for display in the drawing.

The Image Insertions (page 331) view of the Image Manager toolspace shows the display order of inserted images. Insertions at the top of the tree are at the top of the display order. New image insertions are placed at the top of the tree, but you can manually move them.

Display order is especially important if you want to layer a transparent bitonal image directly above another image.

NOTE When you perform an editing command on an image, the display order changes so that the image you modified is displayed on top of the other images. To correct this, type REGEN on the command line. You do not need to change the image order using the method described here. For more information, see

Correcting Image Display Order using REGEN (page 273).

To change the order in which your images are displayed

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Select the Image Insertions (page 331) view.

3 Click the insertion you want to move, then right-click and select the type

of move: Move Forward, Move Back, Bring to Front, Send to Back.

NOTE You can also click and drag the insertion object up or down in the tree. The insertion at the top of the tree is at the top of the display order.

Changing the Display Order of Images | 73

Erasing an Image

You can erase an image from the AutoCAD drawing when you no longer need it.

When you erase (page 389) an image, you can also detach (page 387) it, subject to the Image Detach Options set on the User Preferences Tab

(ProductNameShort Options Dialog Box) (page 358). If you want to simply

remove the image from the display, without having to reconstruct it later, consider using the hide (page 390) or unload (page 400) operations.

To erase an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Click the Image Insertions (page 331) view.

3 Click the insertion you want to erase, right-click and click Erase.

If no more insertions from this image data definition remain in your drawing, you may be asked if you want to detach the image. Detaching removes the image data definition from the drawing.

NOTE If you want to restore the images, click Edit ➤ Undo.

Detaching an Image

Use the Detach operation to completely remove from a drawing an image data definition and all its insertions.

The detach (page 387) operation is the most complete image removal method. If you want to simply remove the image from the display, without having to insert it later, consider using the hide (page 390) or unload (page 400) operations.

To detach an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Click the Image Data (page 332) view.

3 Click the image data definition you want to detach, then right-click

and click Detach.

74 | Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions

Unloading/Reloading an Image

Unloading an image removes the image data from working memory without erasing the image objects from the drawing.

To improve application performance, you can unload images you no longer need. An unloaded image cannot be displayed or plotted. The unload (page

400) operation is just one of several image removal methods. For temporary removal, consider the hide (page 390) operation. For more complete removal, consider the erase (page 389) and detach (page 387) operations.

Reloading puts the image back into working memory and redisplays it.

To unload or reload an image

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Select the Image Data (page 332) view.

3 Click the data definition for the image you want to change, then do one

of the following:

■ If the image is loaded, right-click and click Unload.

■ If the image is unloaded, right-click and click Reload.

Changing the Active Path

The active path is the current location of the inserted image file.

Compare the definitions for active path (page 381) and saved path (page 396). The current active path is visible in the list view of Image Manager when you select the image. This is also where any changes to the image are saved if you click Image ➤ Save..

If you want to edit an image without changing the original version, you should save a copy in a different location and file format. To do this, click Image menu ➤ Save As. Doing this also directs the active path to the copy. For more information,see Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location (page 43).

To change the active path

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

Unloading/Reloading an Image | 75

2 Click the Image Data (page 332) view.

3 Select the image data definition whose active path you want to

change, then right-click and click Browse Path.

4 In the Insert Image dialog box, navigate to the correct image data location,

then choose the image file and click Open.

The active path is updated to reflect the new location of the image.

Changing the Saved Path

The saved path is where Raster Design looks first for the image.

Usually, the active path (page 381) and saved path (page 396) are identical. If the saved path file name is not found, Raster Design searches other paths until it finds the image. The search order of paths is as follows:

1 Saved path

2 Current folder (usually the AutoCAD folder)

3 Folder where the current drawing is stored

4 The AutoCAD current project search paths are searched in the order listed

on the Files tab of the AutoCAD Options dialog box.

Raster Design searches for the file name and extension (if there is one). If the file name is not found, Raster Design searches the same path for the file name with every other valid extension.

If you want to decrease the time Raster Design spends searching for the image, you can designate the active path as the saved path.

TIP If you are saving the image in the same directory as the drawing, you can use the Clear Path option to save only the image name, without a full path. This can be useful when you are preparing sets of drawings and images that will reside in the same directory.

To designate the active path as the saved path

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Select the Image Data (page 332) view.

76 | Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions

3 Choose the image data definition whose saved path you want to

change, then right-click and click Save Path.

To clear the saved path

1 To display the Image Manager (page 330) toolspace, click Image ➤

Manage..

2 Select the Image Data (page 332) view.

3 Choose the image data definition whose saved path you want to

delete, then right-click and click Clear Path.

Changing the Saved Path | 77

Modifying Images

Raster Design provides several tools for modifying images.

■ Cleanup. Correct scanning errors or minor imperfections in bitonal images. You can

deskew, despeckle, touchup, adjust the bias, invert, or mirror an image.

■ Image Processing. Adjust the appearance of an image. For example, you can use the

convolve filter to reduce harshness or noise in an image.

■ Raster Entity Manipulation (REM). Edit raster entities in bitonal, color, and grayscale

images. For example, you can adjust the radius of a raster circle, remove dimension lines on a mechanical drawing, or use REM to copy electrical symbols from one image to another.

■ Mask. Clip images inside the mask boundary and hide or unload images outside the mask

boundary. A mask does not permanently alter an image.

■ Crop. Delete data outside a selected area. The image frame size is adjusted automatically.

A crop permanently alters an image.

■ Remove. Rub raster data within an image or across multiple images. The only images

affected are those within, or partly within, the selected entity or area.

■ Merge. Merge images, merge vectors into raster data, and select raster pen widths.

■ Properties. Adjust the attributes of an image such as position or transparency color.

Selecting an Image

This topic explains how to select an image if you have more than one in a drawing.

If your drawing contains only one image, Raster Design automatically selects it when you run a command that requires a selection set. Otherwise, you can use one of two methods to select a specific image.

■ Click on the frame (if it is visible), or draw a crossing window around a

frame edge. When you do this, grip(s) (page 390) are displayed, and the image is marked with a hatch pattern to indicate that it has been selected. If you do not want to display the hatch pattern, click Tools menu ➤ Options ➤ Display. Then select Highlight Raster Image Frame Only.

■ Place your cursor over the image, then press Shift + left-click. This feature

is useful when you cannot see the image frame. When you do this, the image grips are displayed but the image is not marked with a hatch pattern. To use this feature, you must enable it in the ProductNameShort Options

Dialog Box (page 351). For more information, see Mouse Settings (page 260).

When you select an image by selecting the image frame, the image rises to the top of the display order, obscuring any vectors intersecting it. However, you can use the Shift left-click method to select an image without bringing it to the top and highlighting it. This allows you to select the image and keep the vectors on top so that you can manipulate the frame with the vectors still visible. However, when the frame operation is complete, the image rises to the top of the display order. Use the AutoCAD REGEN command to restore the proper display order. For more information, see Correcting Image Display

Order using REGEN (page 273).

To select an image using Shift + left-click

1 Position your pointer so it is over the image(s) you want to select.

2 Press Shift and click the left button of your mouse.

If you clicked on more than one image, the Image Select Dialog Box (page

335) is displayed. This dialog box displays the names of all the images that are inserted into your drawing. The image(s) that are already selected are highlighted (not just the images that you selected using the Shift + left-click method).

3 Click one of the following:

■ OK to select the image(s) that are highlighted.

■ An image to select it.

■ Select All to select all the images in your drawing.

80 | Chapter 6 Modifying Images

■ Select None to clear the selection set.

Controlling Image Frames

An image frame encloses each image you insert.

If you select an image frame, grip(s) (page 390) appear and hatch marks are drawn over the image to indicate that it is selected. You can select the frame using standard AutoCAD methods. For more informational, see Selecting an

Image (page 79).

After you select an image frame, you have several choices:

■ Use an editing command from the Image menu.

■ Right-click to display the Raster Design shortcut menu.

■ Select a grip and then right-click to display the AutoCAD shortcut menu.

■ Manipulate the image using the AutoCAD commands. For more

information, see AutoCAD Commands for Images (page 285).

You can turn off the frames in your drawing or you can choose to place them behind the images.

You can change the color of an image frame using AutoCAD Properties. If the image is a bitonal image, the frame color and the bitonal objects are always drawn in the same color. For more information, see AutoCAD Properties (page

57).

An image frame is usually rectangular. However, a frame may be irregularly shaped if the image is clipped.

See also:

■ Image Frame Display (page 59)

Undoing Edits to an Image

You can use the AutoCAD UNDO command to undo the changes you made to an image.

However, for each image, only your last ten edits can be undone. This limit does not include display-only changes, such as changing the scale, rotation, or position of an image. There is no limit for undoing display-only changes.

Controlling Image Frames | 81

The limit of ten edits applies to operations that change the image data, such as Rubbersheet, Remove, Crop, Histogram, using a vectorization tool with the REM setting, and so on.

NOTE If you try to undo more than ten edits, then the eleventh undo undoes every edit you made to the image since you last saved it.

Snapping to COGO Points

Coordinate geography points, or COGO points, can store information such as a point node, point number, northing and easting values, and elevation.

COGO points are the foundation for any civil engineering or surveying project. When you use Raster Design with a geographic application, you can substitute COGO points anytime Raster Design asks you to enter a point. This is especially useful for rubbersheeting or matching operations.

There are three ways to specify a COGO point in Raster Design:

■ Enter .p when prompted to enter a point, then enter a COGO point

number.

■ Enter .g to select a COGO point using the mouse.

■ Enter .n when prompted to enter a point, then enter northing and easting

values that correspond to a COGO point.

Cleaning Up Images

Use cleanup commands to correct errors that occur during the scanning process.

Misaligned drawings, dust on the scanning bed, and mistakes with scanning software can all be corrected using the following Cleanup commands:

■ Deskew. Rotate an image so that it matches the rotation angle of a vector

drawing or another image.

■ Despeckle. Remove speckles or stray pixels that can appear in an image

when you scan drawings or blueprints that are dirty or wrinkled.

■ Bias. Correct distortions in an image aspect ratio (page 381). If, for instance,

the image is distorted due to paper shrinkage or optical distortions in the scanning process, the Bias tool can correct the aspect ratio by resizing the image in one or two dimensions.

82 | Chapter 6 Modifying Images

■ Invert. Reverse the light and dark shades of an image. You can invert

bitonal, color, and grayscale images. Inversion reverses the dark and light areas of an image.

■ Mirror. Flip an image along either the horizontal or vertical axis to correct

problems that occur when scanning software reverses drawings, or when the back of the drawing is scanned by mistake.

■ Touchup. Edit lines at the pixel level, using a square, circular, or diagonal

shaped brush tool that you can resize.

NOTE Raster Design uses Single Image Optimization (page 396) to speed up the editing commands.

Deskewing an Image

You can rotate an image so that it matches the rotation angle of a vector drawing or another image.

If you want to match the scale of the image with another image or vector you can use the Scale command. If you want to move or scale the image as well as rotate the image, you can use the Match command.

For more information, see Correlating an Image After Insertion (page 28).

To deskew an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Cleanup ➤ Deskew.

2 Select the image you want to correct.

3 Select the base point you want to rotate the image around.

4 Define the source angle by entering a value or by picking two points on

the raster image that you want to rotate.

For example, select two points you want to match up with two other points on an image that is already rotated correctly.

5 Define the destination angle by typing a value or by picking two points

to define the angle.

Deskewing an Image | 83

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Cleanup ➤ Deskew

Raster Design Toolbar

Object Shortcut Menu

Right-click ➤ Image ➤ Rotate

Command Line

ideskew

Removing Speckles from an Image

You can remove speckles or stray pixels from your bitonal image.

Speckles can appear in an image when you scan drawings or blueprints that are dirty or wrinkled, or when the scanner itself is dirty. The process consists of three main actions:

1 Specify the area to be cleaned. Draw a rectangle around the region,

despeckle the entire image, or define a smaller region by means of a polygon, clip region, or an existing vector entity.

2 Specify the maximum size of pixel to delete. Click an existing speckle for

this purpose, or define the size by drawing a small rectangle or entering a numeric value in drawing units or number of pixels.

Raster Design then searches the image to identify speckles that are equal to or smaller than the defined speckle size, highlighting those that meet your criteria.

3 Inspect the identified speckles, then press Enter to delete them, or

respecify the speckle size, or deselect any speckles you want to keep.

NOTE Raster Design uses Single Image Optimization (page 396) to speed up the editing commands.

To remove speckles from a bitonal image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Cleanup ➤ Despeckle.

84 | Chapter 6 Modifying Images

2 Select the image or images you want to remove speckles from, and then

press Enter.

The following prompt appears:

Specify first corner point of window or [entire Image/Clip region/Polygon/Existing] <entire Image>:

3 To define the region to despeckle, do one of the following:

■ Press Enter to despeckle the entire image(s).

■ In the drawing, define a rectangular sub-region.

■ Enter c to use an existing image clip.

■ Enter p, then enter several points to define a polygonal sub-region.

■ Enter e, then click an existing closed vector entity to define the region.

The following prompt appears:

4 Pick a speckle to set size or [Window/size in piXels/size in Units]

<Window>:

5 To define the maximum size of speckle to delete, do one of the following:

■ In the drawing, click a speckle.

■ Enter w and then draw a window that defines the maximum speckle

size.

■ Enter x and then enter a numeric speckle size in AutoCAD units.

■ Enter u and then enter a numeric speckle size in pixels.

TIP When determining the best size to use, note that a size too large can remove parts of text, such as periods or dots.

The speckles to be deleted are highlighted, and the following prompt appears:

Press enter to proceed, pick a speckle to deselect or specify deselection option [Window/Polygon/Respecify size]:

6 Review the highlighted speckles to determine if you want them all deleted,

then do one of the following:

■ Press Enter to delete the speckles.

■ Click any speckles that you want to keep.

Removing Speckles from an Image | 85

■ Enter w and then draw a window around any group or groups of

speckles that you want to keep.

■ Enter p and then draw a polygon around a group of speckles that you

want to keep.

■ Enter r and then repeat step 4 to respecify the speckle size and see a

different set of speckles highlighted for deletion.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Cleanup ➤ Despeckle

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

idespeckle

Adjusting the Image Bias

You can use the Bias tool to correct distortions in the aspect ratio of an image.

Normally, this ratio is maintained when scaling an image in AutoCAD. However, if the image is distorted due to paper shrinkage or optical distortions in the scanning process, the Bias tool can correct the aspect ratio by resizing the image in one or two dimensions, using either existing vector geometry or a distance you specify.

When you use the Bias tool, Raster Design prompts you to enter calibration (existing) distances and desired distances in the X and Y directions. The application stretches or shrinks the entire image to correspond to the ratio of the distances you specified. The X and Y directions are relative to the image and not its position in the drawing. In each case, you can select two points (or enter a distance) to specify the calibration distance, then select two corresponding points (or enter a new distance) to specify the desired distance. You can also use existing geometry to define the desired distance; for instance, by selecting the endpoints of a line.

86 | Chapter 6 Modifying Images

Raster Design maintains the current base point location for the image unless you specify a new base point. You can enter a new base point with numeric values or by clicking the point in the image.

NOTE The ibias command can only operate on a single image at a time.

To adjust image bias

1 Click Image menu ➤ Cleanup ➤ Bias.

2 If you have not already selected an image, select the image you want to

correct, and then press Enter.

NOTE You can select your image or images before you select the Bias command.

3 Click a point in the drawing to use as a base point, or press Enter to use

the origin as the base point.

4 Enter a calibration distance for the X direction by selecting two points

to represent the distance, or enter the distance in AutoCAD units on the command line. Then enter a desired distance for the X direction using one of the two methods, or Press Enter to leave the X direction unchanged.

5 Enter a calibration distance for the Y direction by selecting two points

to represent the distance, or enter the distance in AutoCAD units on the command line. Then enter a desired distance for the Y direction using one of the two methods, or press Enter to leave the Y direction unchanged.

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Cleanup ➤ Bias

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

ibias

Adjusting the Image Bias | 87

Reversing the Light and Dark Shades in an Image

You can use the Invert filter to reverse the light and dark shades of any image.

You can invert bitonal, color, and grayscale images.

Raster Design uses Single Image Optimization (page 396) to speed up the editing commands.

To reverse the light or dark shades in an image

1 Click Image menu ➤ Cleanup ➤ Invert.

2 Select the image or images you want to invert, and then press Enter.

NOTE You can select your image or images before you select the Invert

command.

3 Press Enter to start the inversion process.

If you are not satisfied with the results, then you can use the AutoCAD UNDO command to restore the image to its original settings.

NOTE Because the Invert operation changes the colors in an image, you may need to select a different transparency color after you invert the image. For more information, see Transparency Color of an Image (page 62).

Quick Reference

Image ➤ Cleanup ➤ Invert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinvert

Mirroring an Image

You can mirror or flip an image along either the horizontal or vertical axis.

88 | Chapter 6 Modifying Images

AutoTek AUTOCAD RASTER DESIGN User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

What is New in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

Accessing the Raster Design Home Page

About AutoCAD Raster Design dialog box

Installation Requirements

Supported Image Formats

Image Portability

AutoCAD Raster Design History

Inserting and Correlating Images

Inserting Images

Inserting Local Images Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Inserting an Image from the Internet Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Inserting an Image from an FTP Site Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Inserting an Image Using the Command Line

Adding Image Sources to Favorites

Assigning a Color Map to an Image

Creating New Images

Correlating Images

Correlating an Image During Insertion

Using Quick Insert

Specifying Correlation Settings

Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion

Correlating an Image After Insertion

Matching Image Points

Moving an Image

Scaling an Image

Rubbersheeting an Image

Saving Images

Saving an Image

Saving Images with AutoCAD Save

Embedding Images in a Drawing

Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location

Saving an Image to an FTP Site

Capturing an Image

Exporting Images

Exporting an Image

Exporting an Image to an FTP Site

Exporting a World File

Correlation Output Types

Encoding and Data Organization Methods

Changing Image Properties

AutoCAD Properties

Image Display Properties

Image Display Quality

Image Frame Display

Image Layer

Linetype of an Image Frame

Foreground Color of a Bitonal Image

Transparency Color of an Image

Unused Color for Transparent Color

Managing Images and Insertions

Controlling the Image Manager Toolspace

Modifying the Item View Layout

Copying Information to the Clipboard

Managing Image Display and Data

Zooming to an Image

Changing the Color Map of an Image

Adding a Visual Elevation Key to a DEM Image

Creating Another Insertion of an Image

Displaying Point Data

Showing and Hiding Images

Changing the Display Order of Images

Erasing an Image

Detaching an Image

Unloading/Reloading an Image

Changing the Active Path

Changing the Saved Path

Modifying Images

Selecting an Image

Controlling Image Frames

Undoing Edits to an Image

Snapping to COGO Points

Cleaning Up Images

Deskewing an Image

Removing Speckles from an Image