– 131 Powe rful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments
– 8K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash progam memory (ATmega88PA)
– 512 Bytes EEPROM (ATmega88PA)
– 1K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega88PA)
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
True Read-While-Write Operation
– Programming Lock for Software Security
• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture
Mode
– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator
– Six PWM Channels
– 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package
Temperature Measurement
– 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package
Temperature Measurement
– Programmable Serial USART
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
– Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change
• Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal Calibrated Oscillator
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Redu c tion, Power-save, Power-down, Standby,
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset co ndition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock oper ating circuit.
Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting
Oscillator amplifier.
ATmega88PA
1.1.4Port C (PC5:0)
1.1.5PC6/RESET
If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7..6 is used as TOSC2..1
input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set.
The various special features of Port B are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port B” on page
74 and ”System Clock and Clock Options” on page 26.
Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C.
If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin
for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running.
The minimum pulse length is given in Table 27-3 on page 299. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a Reset.
The various special features of Port C are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port C” on page
77.
1.1.6Port D (PD7:0)
8161AS–AVR–11/08
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
3
ATmega88PA
The various special features of Port D are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port D” on page
80.
1.1.7AV
CC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Conver ter, PC3:0 , and ADC7:6. It should be extern ally
connected to V
, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be co nnecte d to V
CC
through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6..4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.
1.1.8AREF
AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.
1.1.9ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only)
In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter.
These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels.
CC
8161AS–AVR–11/08
4
2.Overview
2.1Block Diagram
ATmega88PA
The ATmega88PA is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced
RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega88PA
achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize
power consumption versus processing speed.
Figure 2-1.Block Diagram
Power
RESET
Comp.
VCC
debugWIRE
PROGRAM
CPU
Internal
Bandgap
LOGIC
SRAMFlash
AVCC
AREF
GND
2
6
GND
Watchdog
Timer
Watchdog
Oscillator
Oscillator
Circuits /
Clock
Generation
EEPROM
8bit T/C 2
DATABUS
Supervision
POR / BOD &
16bit T/C 18bit T/C 0A/D Conv.
Analog
8161AS–AVR–11/08
USART 0
SPITWI
PORT C (7)PORT B (8)PORT D (8)
RESET
XTAL[1..2]
ADC[6..7]PC[0..6]PB[0..7]PD[0..7]
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the
32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent
registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting
5
ATmega88PA
architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
The ATmega88PA provides the following features: 8K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash
with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose
I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare
modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire
Serial Interface, an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF
packages), a programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle m ode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM,
Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire Serial Interface, SPI port , and interru pt system to co ntinue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling
all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the
device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except
asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby
mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This
allows very fast start-up combined with low power consumption.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory technology. The
On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI
serial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot program running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download the
application program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will
continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write
operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a
monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega88PA is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.
3.Resources
4.Data Retention
The ATmega88PA AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools
including: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators,
and Evaluation kits.
A comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheets are available for
download on http://www.atmel.com/avr.
Note:1.
Reliability Qualification results show that the projected data retention failure rate is much less
than 1 PPM over 20 years at 85°C or 100 years at 25°C.
Note:1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses
should never be written.
2. I/O Registers within the address range 0x00 - 0x1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these
registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions.
3. Some of the Status Flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. Note that, unlike most other AVRs, the CBI and SBI
instructions will only operate on the specified bit, and can therefore be used on registers containing such Status Flags. The
CBI and SBI instructions work with registers 0x00 to 0x1F only.
4. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must be used. When addressing I/O
Registers as data space using LD and ST instructions, 0x20 must be added to these addresses. The A Tmega88PA is a complex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location reserved in Opcode for the IN
and OUT instructions. For the Extended I/O space from 0x60 - 0xFF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD
instructions can be used.
5. Only valid for ATmega88PA/168PA.
––––––––
––––––––
6.Instruction Set Summary
MnemonicsOperandsDescriptionOperationFlags#Clocks
ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS
ADDRd, RrAdd two RegistersRd ← Rd + RrZ,C,N,V,H1
ADCRd, RrAdd with Carry two RegistersRd ← Rd + Rr + CZ,C,N,V,H1
ADIWRdl,KAdd Immediate to WordRdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + KZ,C,N,V,S2
SUBRd, RrSubtract two RegistersRd ← Rd - RrZ,C,N,V,H1
SUBIRd, KSubtract Constant from Register Rd ← Rd - KZ,C,N,V,H1
SBCRd, RrSubtract with Carry two RegistersRd ← Rd - Rr - CZ,C,N,V,H1
SBCIRd, KSubtr act with Carry Constant from Reg.Rd ← Rd - K - CZ,C,N,V,H1
SBIWRdl,KSubtract Immediate from WordRdh:Rd l ← Rdh:Rdl - KZ,C,N,V,S2
ANDRd, RrLogical AND RegistersRd ← Rd • RrZ,N,V1
ANDIRd, KLogical AND Register and ConstantRd ← Rd • KZ,N,V1
ORRd, RrLogical OR RegistersRd ← Rd v RrZ,N,V1
ORIRd, KLogical OR Register and ConstantRd ← Rd v KZ,N,V1
EORRd, RrExclusive OR RegistersRd ← Rd ⊕ RrZ,N,V1
COMRdOne’s ComplementRd ← 0xFF − RdZ,C,N,V1
8161AS–AVR–11/08
10
ATmega88PA
MnemonicsOperandsDescriptionOperationFlags#Clocks
NEGRdTwo’s ComplementRd ← 0x00 − RdZ,C,N,V,H1
SBRRd,KSet Bit(s) in RegisterRd ← Rd v KZ,N,V1
CBRRd,KClear Bit(s) in RegisterRd ← Rd • (0xFF - K)Z,N,V1
INCRdIncrementRd ← Rd + 1Z,N,V1
DECRdDecrementRd ← Rd − 1 Z,N,V1
TSTRdTest for Zero or MinusRd ← Rd • Rd Z,N,V1
CLRRdClear RegisterRd ← Rd ⊕ RdZ,N,V1
SERRdSet RegisterRd ← 0xFFNone1
MULRd, RrMultiply UnsignedR1:R0 ← Rd x RrZ,C2
MULSRd, RrMultiply SignedR1:R0 ← Rd x RrZ,C2
MULSURd, RrMultiply Signed with UnsignedR1:R0 ← Rd x RrZ,C2
FMULRd, RrFractional Multiply UnsignedR1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr) << 1Z,C2
FMULSRd, RrFractional Multiply SignedR1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr) << 1Z,C2
FMULSURd, RrFractional Multiply Signed with UnsignedR1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr) << 1Z,C2
BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS
RJMPkRelative JumpPC ← PC + k + 1None2
IJMPIndirect Jump to (Z)PC ← Z None2
RCALLkRelat ive Subroutine Call PC ← PC + k + 1None3
ICALLIndirect Call to (Z)PC ← ZNone3
RETSubroutine ReturnPC ← STACKNone4
RETIInterrupt ReturnPC ← STACKI4
CPSERd,RrCompare, Skip if Equalif (Rd = Rr) PC ← PC + 2 or 3None1/2/3
CPRd,RrCompareRd − RrZ, N,V,C,H1
CPCRd,RrCompare with CarryRd − Rr − CZ, N,V,C,H1
CPIRd,KCompare Register with Immedi ateRd − KZ, N,V,C,H1
SBRCRr, bSkip if Bit in Register Clearedif (Rr(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None1/2/3
SBRSRr, bSkip if Bit in Register is Setif (Rr(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3None1/2/3
SBICP, bSkip if Bit in I/O Register Clearedif (P(b)=0) PC ← PC + 2 or 3 None1/2/3
SBISP, bSkip if Bit in I/O Register is Setif (P(b)=1) PC ← PC + 2 or 3None1/2/3
BRBSs, kBranch if Status Flag Setif (SREG(s) = 1) then PC←PC+k + 1None1/2
BRBCs, kBranch if Status Flag Clearedif (SREG(s) = 0) then PC←PC+k + 1None1/2
BREQ kBranch if Equal if (Z = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRNE kBranch if Not Equalif (Z = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRCS kBranch if Carry Setif (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRCC kBranch if Carry Clearedif (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRSH kBranch if Same or Higher if (C = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRLO kBranch if Lowerif (C = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRMI kBranch if Minusif (N = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRPL kBranch if Plus if (N = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRGE kBranch if Greater or Equal, Signedif (N ⊕ V= 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRLT kBranch if Less Than Zero, Signedif (N ⊕ V= 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRHS kBranch if Half Carry Flag Setif (H = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRHC kBranch if Half Carry Flag Clearedif (H = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRTS kBranch if T Flag Setif (T = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRTC kBranch if T Flag Clearedif (T = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRVS kBranch if Overflow Flag is Setif (V = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRVC kBranch if Overflow Flag is Clearedif (V = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRIE kBranch if Interrupt Enabledif ( I = 1) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BRID kBranch if Interrupt Disabledif ( I = 0) then PC ← PC + k + 1None1/2
BIT AND BIT-TEST INSTRUCTIONS
SBIP,bSet Bit in I/O RegisterI/O(P,b) ← 1None2
CBIP,bClear Bit in I/O RegisterI/O(P,b) ← 0None2
LSLRdLogical Shift LeftRd(n+1) ← Rd(n), Rd(0) ← 0Z,C,N,V1
LSRRdLogical Shift RightRd(n) ← Rd(n+1), Rd(7) ← 0Z,C,N,V1
ROLRdRotate Left Through CarryRd(0)←C,Rd(n+1)← Rd(n),C←Rd(7)Z,C,N,V1
RORRdRotate Right Through CarryRd(7)←C,Rd(n)← Rd(n+1),C←Rd(0)Z,C,N,V1
ASRRdArithmetic Shift RightRd(n) ← Rd(n+1), n=0..6Z,C,N,V1
SWAPRdSwap NibblesRd(3..0)←Rd(7..4),Rd(7..4)←Rd(3..0)None1
BSETsFlag SetSREG(s) ← 1SREG(s)1
BCLRsFlag ClearSREG(s) ← 0 SREG(s)1
BSTRr, bBit Store from Register to TT ← Rr(b)T1
BLDRd, bBit load from T to RegisterRd(b) ← TNone1
SECSet CarryC ← 1C1
CLCClear CarryC ← 0 C1
SENSet Negative FlagN ← 1N1
CLNClear Negative FlagN ← 0 N1
8161AS–AVR–11/08
11
ATmega88PA
MnemonicsOperandsDescriptionOperationFlags#Clocks
SEZSet Zero FlagZ ← 1Z1
CLZClear Zero FlagZ ← 0 Z1
SEIGlobal Interrupt EnableI ← 1I1
CLIGlobal Interrupt DisableI ← 0 I1
SESSet Signed Test FlagS ← 1S1
CLSClear Signed Test FlagS ← 0 S1
SEVSet Twos Complement Overflow.V ← 1V1
CLVClear Twos Complement OverflowV ← 0 V1
SETSet T in SREGT ← 1T1
CLTClear T in SREGT ← 0 T1
SEHSet Half Carry Flag in SREGH ← 1H1
CLHClear Half Carry Flag in SREGH ← 0 H1
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
MOVRd, RrMove Between RegistersRd ← RrNone1
MOVWRd, RrCopy Register Word
LDIRd, KLoad ImmediateRd ← KNone1
LDRd, XLoad IndirectRd ← (X)None2
LDRd, X+Load Indirect and Post-Inc.Rd ← (X), X ← X + 1None2
LDRd, - XLoad Indirect and Pre-Dec.X ← X - 1, Rd ← (X)None2
LDRd, YLoad IndirectRd ← (Y)None2
LDRd, Y+Load Indirect and Post-Inc.Rd ← (Y), Y ← Y + 1None2
LDRd, - YLoad Indirect and Pre-Dec.Y ← Y - 1, Rd ← (Y)None2
LDDRd,Y+qLoad Indirect with DisplacementRd ← (Y + q)None2
LDRd, ZLoad Indirect Rd ← (Z)None2
LDRd, Z+Load Indirect and Post-Inc.Rd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1None2
LDRd, -ZLoad Indirect and Pre-Dec.Z ← Z - 1, Rd ← (Z)None2
LDDRd, Z+qLoad Indirect with DisplacementRd ← (Z + q)None2
LDSRd, kLoad Direct from SRAMRd ← (k)None2
STX, RrStore Indirect(X) ← RrNone2
STX+, RrStore Indirect and Post-Inc.(X) ← Rr, X ← X + 1None2
ST- X, RrStore Indirect and Pre-Dec.X ← X - 1, (X) ← RrNone2
STY, RrStore Indirect(Y) ← RrNone2
STY+, RrStore Indirect and Post-Inc.(Y) ← Rr, Y ← Y + 1None2
ST- Y, RrStore Indirect and Pre-Dec.Y ← Y - 1, (Y) ← RrNone2
STDY+q,RrStore Indirect with Displacement(Y + q) ← RrNone2
STZ, RrStore Indirect(Z) ← RrNone2
STZ+, RrStore Indirect and Post-Inc.(Z) ← Rr, Z ← Z + 1None2
ST-Z, RrStore Indirect and Pre-Dec.Z ← Z - 1, (Z) ← RrNone2
STDZ+q,RrStore Indirect with Displacement(Z + q) ← RrNone2
STSk, RrStore Direct to SRAM(k) ← RrNone2
LPMLoad Program MemoryR0 ← (Z)None3
LPMRd, ZLoad Program MemoryRd ← (Z)None3
LPMRd, Z+Load Program Memory and Post-IncRd ← (Z), Z ← Z+1None3
SPMStore Program Memory(Z) ← R1:R0NoneINRd, PIn PortRd ← PNone1
OUTP, RrOut PortP ← RrNone1
PUSHRrPush Register on StackSTACK ← RrNone2
POPRdPop Register from StackRd ← STACKNone2
MCU CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS
NOPNo OperationNone1
SLEEPSleep(see specific descr. for Sleep function)None1
WDRWatchdog Reset(see specific descr. for WDR/timer)None1
BREAKBreakFor On-chip Debug OnlyNoneN/A
Rd+1:Rd ← Rr+1:Rr
None1
8161AS–AVR–11/08
12
7.Ordering Information
7.1ATmega88PA
ATmega88PA
Speed (MHz)
Note:1. This de vice can also be supplied in wafer form. Please contact your local Atmel sales office for detailed ordering information
2. Pb-free packaging complies to the European Directive for Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS directive).Also
32A32-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP)
28M128-pad, 4 x 4 x 1.0 body, Lead Pitch 0.45 mm Quad Flat No-Lead/Micro Lead Frame Package (QFN/MLF)
32M1-A32-pad, 5 x 5 x 1.0 body, Lead Pitch 0.50 mm Quad Flat No-Lead/Micro Lead Frame P ackage (QFN/MLF)
28P328-lead, 0.300” Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP)
8161AS–AVR–11/08
13
8.Packaging Information
2325 Orchard Parkway
San Jose, CA 95131
TITLE
DRAWING NO.
R
REV.
32A, 32-lead, 7 x 7 mm Body Size, 1.0 mm Body Thickness,
0.8 mm Lead Pitch, Thin Profile Plastic Quad Flat Package (TQFP)
B
32A
10/5/2001
PIN 1 IDENTIFIER
0˚~7˚
PIN 1
L
C
A1
A2A
D1
D
e
E1E
B
Notes:1. This package conforms to JEDEC reference MS-026, Variation ABA.
2. Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold protrusion. Allowable
protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. Dimensions D1 and E1 are maximum
plastic body size dimensions including mold mismatch.
3. Lead coplanarity is 0.10 mm maximum.
A––1.20
A10.05–0.15
A2 0.951.001.05
D8.759.009.25
D16.907.007.10Note 2
E8.759.009.25
E16.907.007.10Note 2
B 0.30–0.45
C0.09–0.20
L0.45– 0.75
e0.80 TYP
Note:1. Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold Flash or Protrusion.
Mold Flash or Protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010").
ATmega88PA
8161AS–AVR–11/08
17
9.Errata
9.1Errata ATmega88P A
The revision letter in this section refers to the revision of the ATmega88PA device.
9.1.1Rev. F
No known errata.
ATmega88PA
8161AS–AVR–11/08
18
10. Datasheet Revision History
Please note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to this document. The
referring revision in this section are referring to the document revision.
10.1Rev. 8161A – 11/08
1.Initial revision (Based on the ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P datasheet 8025F-AVR-08/08).
2.C hanges done compared to ATmega48P/88P/168P/328P datasheet 8025F-AVR-08/08:
– Updated ”DC Characteristics” on page 295 with new typical values for I
– Updated ”Speed Grades” on page 297.
– New graphics in ”Typical Characteristics” on page 307.
–New ”Ordering Information” on page 13.
ATmega88PA
.
CC
8161AS–AVR–11/08
19
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