Power measurement accuracy can be split into several parts.
he table below shows how the measurement uncertainty is
T
omposed for several power sensors. The source is presumed
c
to be a 16 GHz, 12.0 dBm signal with a source SWR of
1.5:1.
The uncertainties can be calculated as an RSS term as each
arameter is independent. Alternatively they can be added
p
together for a worst-case analysis.
A2440DMA2491AMA2470D
M
nstrumentation Accuracy
I
Sensor Linearity1.80%3.50%1.80%
oise, 256 Avg.
N
ero Set and Drift
Z
Mismatch Uncertainty3.84%4.49%4.49%
ensor Cal Factor Uncertainty
S
eference Power Uncertainty
R
Reference to Sensor Mismatch Uncertainty0.23%0.31%0.23%
emperature Linearity
T
RSS, Room Temp4.51%6.06%5.09%
Sum of Uncertainties, Room Temp8.36%11.59%9.06%
SS
R
Sum of Uncertainties9.36%12.59%10.06%
The Instrumentation accuracy of 0.5% is a very small
component of the overall uncertainty budget and describes
the linear voltage measurement accuracy of the power
meter.
0
0
0
0
1
1
4
.50%
.00%
.00%
.79%
.20%
.00%
.62%
0
0
0
1
1
1
6
.50%
.00%
.00%
.59%
.20%
.00%
.14%
0
0
0
0
1
1
5
.50%
.00%
.00%
.84%
.20%
.00%
.18%
Mismatch is easily calculated in either dB or percentage terms from the source’s and
ensor’s respective reflection coefficients.
s
The source match of the device under test can be improved
by the use of precision attenuators with good return loss or
by the use of external levelling with a high directivity
coupler or splitter.
Connector damage has significant accuracy and repeatability effects, and is also the most common cause of sensor
damage – although it is frequently undetected. Every
MA2400A/D Series includes a hex nut connection for
application of a calibrated torque wrench. Torque wrenches
assure compliance with the quality requirement and result in
more consistent measurements.
Sensor calibration factor uncertainty identifies the accuracy
of the sensor's calibration relative to a recognized standard for
absolute power level. Sensor calibration factor uncertainty is
included in accuracy calculations for any absolute power
measurement (in dBm or Watts) and for relative power
measurements if the signals are different frequencies.
Sensor linearity describes the relative response over the
dynamic range of the sensor, and is included when the sensor is measuring power levels relative to the 0 dBm calibrator reference level. Temperature linearity is included when
operating the sensor at other than room temperature.
Noise, Zero Set and Drift are all measured on the lowest
power range of the power sensor. Different types of power
sensors have different noise characteristics. Noise can be
reduced by averaging.
Mismatch uncertainty is typically the largest component of
the uncertainty budget – caused by the different impedances
of the device under test and the sensor. To help resolve this
issue, the sensor has been designed to have a good return
loss over a wide frequency range, typically achieving
significantly better results than the specification. In many
cases the major contributing factor is the match of the
source under test.
ML2400A Series is NIST traceable for more accurate, dependable measurements.
Reference power uncertainty specifies the maximum
possible output drift of the power meter's 50 MHz,
power reference between calibration intervals.
dBm
0.0
Reference power uncertainty and reference to sensor
mismatch uncertainty do not generally impact relative
power measurements.
See the Anritsu website (www.anritsu.com) for more
information and tool to calculate measurement uncertainties.
9
Ordering Information
ower Sensor and Power Meter Selection Guide
P
ensors
S
Power measurementAverage (RMS)RMSAverage (RMS), PeakAverage (RMS), PeakAverage (RMS)
Measurement Application
examples)
(
Compatible Power meter(s) ML24xxAML24xxAML2490A, ML2480AML2490A, ML2480AML24xxA
Choose the right sensor and meter for your measurement application.
Standard DiodeUniversalWideband Pulse(High Accuracy) Diode
A2470D Series
M
CW, GMSK, GFSK, 8PSK
TDMA, FDMA, IS136
A2480D Series
M
W, GMSK, GFSK,
C
8PSK, QPSK, QAM
TDMA, FDMA, CDMA,
FDM
O
A249xA Series
M
W, GMSK, 8PSK,
C
QPSK, QAM
TDMA, FDMA, CDMA,
FDM, Radar
O
A2411B
M
Pulse, QAMCW, GMSKModulation
Radar, OFDMTDMA, FDMAAccess Scheme
A2440D Series
M
omments
C
Power Meter Models
ML2495APower Meter, Single Input
ML2496APower Meter, Dual Input
ML2487APower Meter, Single Input
ML2488APower Meter, Dual Input
ML2437APower Meter, Single Input
ML2438A
Power Meter, Dual Input
ML2490A Series
ML2490A–06 Rear Mount Input A
ML2490A–07 Rear Input A and Reference
ML2490A–08 Rear Mount Inputs A, B and Reference
ML2490A–09 Rear Mount Inputs A and B
ML2490A–33 Extra Operating Manual
ML2490A–34 Extra Programming Manual
ML2490A–37 Electronic Manuals
ML2490A–98 Calibration to Z540, ISO Guide 25
ML2490A–99 Premium Calibration
ML2480A
ML2480A–06 Rear Mount Input A
ML2480A–07 Rear Input A and Reference
ML2480A–08 Rear Mount Inputs A, B and Reference
ML2480A–09 Rear Mount Inputs A and B
ML2480A–15 Factory Fitted 50MHz and 1GHz Calibrator
ML2480A–15R Retro Fit Calibrator Kit
ML2480A–33 Extra Operating Manual ML2487/8A
ML2480A–34
ML2480A–35 Extra Operating Manual: Japanese
ML2480A–36 Extra Programming Manual: Japanese
ML2480A–37 Electronic Manuals only
ML2480A–98 Calibration to Z540, ISO Guide 25
ML2480A–99 Premium Calibration
ML2400A–32AMaintenance Manual ML2480/90A Series
ML2400A–31AOption 31, Extra Operation/Prog manual ML2480A
Options 1, 3 and 5 are mutually exclusive for any given ML2480/90A.
Options 6, 7, 8 and 9 are mutually exclusive for any given ML2480/90A.
ML2430A
10585–00003 Maintenance Manual ML2400A Series
ML2400A–33 Extra Operating & Programming Manual ML2437/8A
MA2499B Anritsu 4700 & 4600 Series Sensor Adapter
ML2400A–06 Rear Mount Input A on ML2437A
ML2400A–07 Rear Input A and Reference on ML2437A
ML2400A–08
ML2400A–09
ML2400A–11 NiMH Battery with Desktop Charger
ML2400A–11ANiMH Battery with Desktop Charger
Rear Mount Inputs
Rear Mount Inputs A and B on ML2438A
(for use in Japan only)
A, B and Reference
ML2400A–25 30m Sensor Cable
ML2400A–26 50m Sensor Cable
ML2400A–27 100m Sensor Cable
ML2400A–30 Extra Operation Manual ML2437/8A
ML2400A–98 Calibration to Z540, ISO Guide 25
ML2400A–99 Premium Calibration
ML2400A–30AOption 30, Extra Operation/Prog manual
(For use in Japan, only)
Options 1 to 5 above are mutually exclusive for any given ML2430A unit.
Options 6, 7, 8 and 9 above are mutually exclusive for any given ML2430A.
Pulse/modulated performance only specified with 1.5M sensor cable
length option
Software upgrades, Labview drivers and application notes can be
downloaded from the Anritsu web site at www.Anritsu.com
Standard Accessories
Power Cord for Destination
One 1.5 m sensor cord per meter input
Operation Manual
GPIB Manual
Certificate of calibration, also included with sensors
Optional
Accessories
760–209 Hardside Transit Case
D41310 Soft Carry Case with Shoulder Strap
MA2418A50 MHz Reference Oscillator with Power Supply
ML2400A–01 Rack Mount, single unit
ML2400A–03 Rack Mount, side by side
ML2400A–05 Front Bail Handle
ML2400A–12 Front Panel Cover
ML2400A–20 Spare 1.5m Sensor Cable
ML2400A–21 0.3m Sensor Cable
ML2400A–28
MA2470D Standard Diode Series
MA2480D Universal Diode Series
MA249xAWideband Diode Series
MA2411B
Pulse Sensor
MA2440D High Accuracy Diode Series
PowerSuite
Free software available for all the power meters. Continuously view
measurement traces on your PC in real-time, or archive data and plots for
later analysis. PowerSuite runs on a standard PC running Windows
(or higher), via GPIB or RS232.
See your Anritsu Representative or Components catalogue for available
Attenuators, Limiters, Coaxial adapters, Waveguide-to-Coaxial adapter,
Splitters & Dividers, Loads, Bridges, Open/Shorts, and Calibrated Torque
wrenches.
®
95
10
11
ANRITSU Corporation
5-1-1 Onna, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-8555 Japan
Phone: +81-46-223-1111
F
ax: +81-46-296-1264
- U.S.A.
ANRITSU Company
1155 East Collins Boulevard, Suite 100,
Richardson, Texas 75081
Toll Free: 1-800-ANRITSU (267-4878)
Phone: +1-972-644-1777
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A
28108
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Fax: +34-914905762
ega, nº 1 (edf 8, pl1, of 8)
vda de la V
ALCOBENDAS - Madrid, Spain
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