Atec Agilent-81618A User Manual

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Agilent 81618A/9A Optical Head Interface Modules

and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Heads

User’s Guide

Notices

This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH as governed by United States and international copywright laws.

Subject Matter

The material in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind

with regard to this printe d material, inc luding, but no t limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpo se.

Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Printing History

New editions are complete revisions of the guide reflecting alterations in the functionality of the instrument. Updates are occasionally made to the guide between editions. The date on the title page changes when an updated guide is published. To find out the current revision of the guide, or to purchase an updated guide, contact your Agilent Technologies representative.

Warranty

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent and Agilent shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent from another country.

Agilent warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

Exclusive Remedies

The reme dies prov ided herei n are Buyer’ s sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assist ance agreem ents are available for Agilen t Technologies products. For any assistance contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office.

Certification

Agilent Technologies Inc. certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory.

Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST (formerly the United States National Bureau of Standards, NBS) to the extent allowed by the Institutes’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

ISO 9001 Certification

Produced to ISO 9001 international quality system standard as part of our objective of continually increasing customer satisfaction through improved process control.

Second Edition:

81623-90B12

Second Edition:

81623-90B12

January 2002

First Edition :

81623-90044

July 2001

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the implied warranties of Merchantability and Fitness for a Particular Purpose.

2 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Safety Considerations

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

Before operation, review the instrument and manual, including the red safety page, for safety markings and instructions. You must follow these to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in safe condition.

WARNING The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,

practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Safety Symbols

The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the apparatus against damage.

Caution - hot surface.

Magnetic fields - may interfere with a pacemaker.

Input Power Limitations

WARNING Applicable to Agilent 81628B only -

Operation above 34 dBm (2.51 W) is at your own risk.

Operation at a continuous optical power, or an average optical power, greater than 34 dBm causes, in the specified operating temperature range, the metal parts (connector adapters, screws) to become hotter than the required limit (55°C) of the safety standard IEC 61010-1.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 3

Safety Considerations

WARNING To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests

Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH will not be liable for any damage caused by operation above 34 dBm.

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container for damage. If there is damage to the container or cushioning, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shipment for completeness and verified the instrument both mechanically and electrically.

The Performance Tests give procedures for checking the operation of the instrument. If the contents are incomplete, mechanical damage or defect is apparent, or if an instrument does not pass the operator’s checks, notify the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Office.

when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer enclosure (covers, panels, etc.).

Line Power Requirements

The Agilent 81618A and Agilent 81619A Optical Head Interface Modules operate when installed in the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, and Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System.

Operating Environment

The safety information in the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, and Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System User’s Guide summarizes the operating ranges for the Agilent 81618A and Agilent 81619A Optical Head Interface Modules. In order for these modules to meet specifications, the operating environment must be within the limits specified for the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, and Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System.

Storage and Shipment

This module can be stored or shipped at temperatures between

−40°C and +70°C. Protect the module from temperature extremes that may cause condensation within it.

4 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Safety Considerations 3

Getting Started with Optical Heads 9

Tab l e o f C on te n ts

Safety Symbols 3 Input Power Limitations 3 Initial Inspection 4 Line Power Requirements 4 Operating Environment 4 Storage and Shipment 4

What is an Optical Head? 11

Analog Output 12 Optical input 12 Heat Sink for 81628B optical Head 12 Attaching the heat sink to the 81628B Optical Head 13

Applicable adapters 13 Mounting Instructions 13

Accessories 15

Modules and Options 17

Optical Heads 81622B/23B/24B/26B/28B (5 & 3 mm Sensors) 17 Optical Head 81627B - 3 mm Sensor 18 Connector Adapters - Reference List 19

Specifications 21

Definition of Terms 23

Averaging Time 23 Linearity 23 Linewidth 24 Noise 24 Power range 24 Reference conditions 24 Relative uncertainty (spectral ripple) due to interference 24 Relative uncertainty due to speckle noise 25 Relative uncertainty due to polarization 25

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 5

Table of Contents

Performance Tests 35

Return loss 26 Spectral width of optical source 26 Total uncertainty 26 Uncertainty at reference conditions 26 Wavelength range 26

Optical Head Specifications 27 Supplementary Performance Characteristics 33

Analog Output 33

Equipment Required 37 Test Record 38 Test Failure 39 Instrument Specification 39 Functional Tests 40 Performance Tests 41

For 81628B only 41 Accuracy Test 43 Linearity Test 45

Calculation 51

Noise Test 54 Return Loss Test 55 Relative Uncertainty due to Polarization (Optional Test) 57 Relative Uncertainty due to Interference (Optional Test) 59 Calculation Sheets 85

Cleaning Information 87

Cleaning Instructions for this Device 89

81000xA Optical Head Adapters 89 8162xx Optical Power Heads 89

Safety Precautions 90 Why is it important to clean optical devices? 90 What do I need for proper cleaning? 91

Standard Cleaning Equipment 91

Dust and shutter caps 91 Isopropyl alcohol 92 Cotton swabs 92

6 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Tab l e o f C on te n ts

Soft tissues 93 Pipe cleaner 93 Compressed air 93

Additional Cleaning Equipment 94

Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X 94 Ultrasonic bath 94 Warm water and liquid soap 95 Premoistened cleaning wipes 95 Polymer film 95 Infrared Sensor Card 95

Preserving Connectors 96 Cleaning Instrument Housings 96 Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? 97

How to clean connectors 97 How to clean connector adapters 98 How to clean connector interfaces 99 How to clean bare fiber adapters 99 How to clean lenses 100 How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface 101 How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate 101 How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface

101

How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface 102 How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to

mechanical stress and pressure 103 How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings 104

Additional Cleaning Information 104

How to clean bare fiber ends 105 How to clean large area lenses and mirrors 105

Other Cleaning Hints 106

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 7

Table of Contents

8 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Getting Started with Optical Heads

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 9

Getting Started with Optical Heads

This chapter introduces the features of the Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Heads.

10 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

What is an Optical Head? Getting Started with Optical Heads

What is an Optical Head?

An optical head measures the power emitted from a connected singlemode or multi-mode fiber or the power applied in an open parallel beam (with max. 5 mm diameter). The wavelength and power range depends on the sensor element.

screw to lock the connector adapter when fitted

Cable to

interface module

Analog output

Figure 1 Rear view of an Optical Head with Analog Output

Optical interface

connector adapter locking screws

Figure 2 Front View of Optical Head without Adapter

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show views of a typical optical head. Figure 3

shows two types of adapter that are available for connecting the input

fiber to an optical head.

Threaded connector adapter D-type magnetic connecter adapter

(preferred)

Figure 3 Connector adapters

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 11

Getting Started with Optical Heads What is an Optical Head?

Analog Output

The analog output is the BNC connector on the back of the optical head. It outputs a voltage directly proportional to the strength of the optical signal at the optical input in the current range. The analog signal is always in the range between 0 and 2V, 2V corresponding to a full power input signal in the current range, 0V corresponding to no input signal.

During autoranging, the level to which 2V corresponds changes. You should disable autoranging when using the analog output.

Disabling Autoranging Select the best range for the application using the mainframes user

interface. Select <Menu>, <Range Mode>, <Manual> and then choose from the list of ranges.

Applications Possible applications for the analog output are:

• to close the feedback loop controlling the current supplied to a laser

• to aid positioning the system for fiber alignment tasks

• to monitor optical power on an oscilloscope

The analog signal reacts instantaneously to the input signal, whereas the power shown on the display is subject to averaging.

Optical input

The optical input to the optical head requires a connector adapter to match the connector type (or bare fiber) to the optical head interface.

The optical head interface can be either threaded or a D-type magnetic interface depending on the model of optical head (e.g. the 81627B is only available with a D-type interface, and the 81628B is only available with a threaded interface). See “Accessories” on page 15 for details of the connector adapters available.

When a connector adapter is fitted it should be locked in place by tightening the locking screws located either side of the main optical head housing.

Heat Sink for 81628B optical Head

The 81628B optical head has a heat sink that allows an extended operating power range. This heat sink must be mounted on the integrating sphere for operation from 34dBm to 38 dBm.

12 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

What is an Optical Head? Getting Started with Optical Heads

Attaching the heat sink to the 81628B Optical Head

NOTE Always attach the heat sink and rubber ring to th e 81628B if operating

at an optical power higher than 34dBm!

Applicable adapters

Agilent adapters types 81000xx, except the bare fiber adapter (81000BA), are applicable with the 81628B and the heat sink attached (without the heatsink and up to 34dBm the 81000BA bare fiber adapter may be attached). Bare fibers are not intended to be used in high power applications.

NOTE If shipping the 81628B high power optical head please detach the

heatsink from the optical head to avoid damages during transportation.

Mounting Instructions

1 Check that the blue rubber ring is correctly attached to the

integrating sphere and covers the metallic screws as shown in

Figure 4.

Figure 4 Attaching the Rubber Ring

2 The heatsink consists of two conical metal parts, the bottom part

(smallest diameter at the bottom), and the top part (largest

diameter at top). Slide the bottom part of the heat sink over the

throat of the integrating sphere with the smallest diameter facing to

the sphere. Then screw on the desired adapter (81000xx series) to

the sphere as shown in Figure 5.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 13

Getting Started with Optical Heads What is an Optical Head?

Figure 5 Attaching the Bottom Part of the Heat Sink

3 Attach the upper part of the heat sink to the integrating sphere.

Slide the upper part over the connector adapter with the largest

diameter facing opposite to the sphere. Tighten the screws with the

Allen key enclosed in the Heat Sink Kit (see Figure 6).

Figure 6 Attaching the Upper Part of the Heat Sink

14 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Accessories

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 15

Accessories

The Agilent 81618A/9A Optical Head Interface Modules and

Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Heads are available in

various configurations for the best possible match to the most

common applications.

This chapter provides information on the available options and accessories.

16 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Modules and Options Accessories

Modules and Options

Optical Heads 81622B/23B/24B/26B/28B

(5 & 3 mm Sensors)

Connectorized Fiber, Bare Fiber and Open beam NA= 0.3

Accessories

81624CE 4m extension cable 81624DD additional D-shape qui c k ch ange a dapte r 81624RM* Half-rack Mo unt K it for 2 H eads 81625RM* Rack Moun t K it for 4 He ads

Interface Module

Optical Heads

Interface Modules

81618A Single Interface Module 81619A Dual Interface Module

Optical Heads

81622B Ge +27dBm to – 55dBm 81623B Ge +10dBm to – 80 dBm 81624B InGaAs + 10dBm to – 90 dBm 81626B In GaAs + 27dBm to – 70 dBm 81628B In GaAs + 40dBm to – 60 dBm (use only with threaded C onn ec tor A dapt e r s)

D-Shaped Adapter 81624DD – 1ea supplied w it h he ad

High R etu rn L oss Ad apter

81000RA High Return Loss Adapter

Conne ctor Interfaces

81000AI Diamond HMS-1 0 81000FI FC/PC/SPC 81000GI D4 81000HI E2000 81000KI SC/PC/SPC 81000SI DIN 47256 81000VI ST 81002LI LC

ter

Depolarizing Filt er

8100DF

Connect or Adapters Threaded

Connector Adapters (threaded)

81000AA Diamond HMS-10 81000BA Bare Fiber (125um) 81000FA FC/PC/SPC/APC 81000GA D4 81000KA SC/PC/APC 81000MA MU 81000PA E2000 81000SA DIN 47256/4108 81000VA ST

81000ZA Blank Adapter (to be c ustomized by user) 810003LA LC

[1] For use with 81622B or 81626B and straight connectors If input power > +10dBm the use of the filter holder will result in better accura cy (refer to s pec s )

* not applicable to 81628B

Integrating Sphere

81002FF

High R etu rn Loss Ada

Connec tor Interfac es

Figure 7 Optical Head Accesories (5 & 3 mm Sensors)

Filter Holder [1]

Filter / Holder

81000AF Filter Holder 81001FF 10 dB Filter and Holder 81000DF Depolarizing Filter and Holder

Conne ctor Adapters (with intergral D-Shape)

81624DD D-Shaped adapter not

Integral D-Shaped Adapters

required

81001BA Bare Fiber 125µm 81001FA FC/PC/SPC/APC 81001KA SC/PC/APC 81001LA LC 81001MA MU 81001PA E-2000 81001SA DIN 47256 / 4108.6 81001ZA BLANK Adapter

81003JD MT - RJ 81003PD MPX 81003TD MTP

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 17

Accessories Modules and Options

Optical Head 81627B - 3 mm Sensor

Configuration for connectorized fibers and bare fiber

Accessories

81624CE 4m extension cable 81624RM* Half-rack Mount Kit for 2 Heads 81625RM* Rack Mount Kit for 4 Heads

Interface Module

Optical Head

Connect or Adapt ers with integral D-Adapter

Interface Modules

81618A 81619A

Optical Heads

81627B

Connector Adapters (with i nt erg ral D-S h ape )

81001BA Bare Fiber 125µm 81001FA FC/PC/SPC/APC 81001KA SC/PC/APC 81001LA LC 81001MA MU 81001PA E-2000,APC 81001SA DIN 47256 / 4108.6 81001ZA BLANK Adapter

NA = 0.11 (Single mode f iber) NA = 0.22 (Multi mode fiber)

Figure 8 Optical Head Accessories for 81627B (3 mm Sensor)

18 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Modules and Options Accessories

Connector Adapters - Reference List

Preferred Adapters

Integral D-shape for 5 mm

Connector Type Threaded Version

HMS10 81000AA

Barefiber 81000BA opt. 002 810000BA opt. 001

FC/PC 81000FA 810001FA

NEC D4 81000GA

SC/PC 81000KA 810001KA

MU 81000MA 810001MA

MT-RJ 81003JD

E-2000 81000PA 810001PA

DIN 81000SA 810001SA

ST 81000VA

blank 81000ZA 810001ZA

LC 810003LA 810001LA

optical heads

Integral D-shape for 3mm and 5mm optical heads

MPX(ribbon) 81003PD

MTP(ribbon) 81003TD

Table 1 Connector Adapters

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 19

Accessories Modules and Options

20 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Specifications

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 21

Specifications

The Agilent 81618A/9A Optical Head Interface Modules and

Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Heads are produced to the

ISO 9001 international quality system standard as part of Agilent

Technologies’ commitment to continually increasing customer

satisfaction through improved quality control.

Specifications describe the modules’ and heads’ warranted performance. Supplementary performance characteristics describe the modules’ and heads’ non-warranted typical performance.

Because of the modular nature of the instrument, these performance specifications apply to these modules and heads rather than the mainframe unit.

22 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Definition of Terms Specifications

Definition of Terms

This section defines terms that are used both in this chapter and “Performance Tests” on page 35.

Generally, all specifications apply for the given environmental conditions and after warmup time.

Measurement principles are indicated. Alternative measurement principles of equal value are also acceptable.

Averaging Time

Time defining the period during which the power meter takes readings for averaging. At the end of the averaging time the average of the readings is available (display- or memory-update). Symbol T

avg

Linearity

The linearity error is defined as the relative difference between the displayed power ratio, D caused by changing the displayed power level from the reference level,

, to an arbitrary displayed level, Dx. Symbol N.

if expressed in %

if expressed in dB

Conditions: reference level 10 µW, displayed power levels within the specified range, zero less than specified time prior to measurement.

Note 1: ideally N = 0 %, respectively 0 dB.

Note 2: the power-dependent nonlinearity, N(P

expressed by the following formula:

, and the actual (true) power ratio Px/P0

x/D0

⁄

xD0

æö

------------- ---- 1–

èø

⁄

xP0

()

log=

()rP0()–

------------- ------------ --------=

100=

⁄

xD0

æö

------------- ----

èø

⁄

xP0

), can alternatively be

()

where r(P) is the power-dependent responsivity (for a power meter, the responsivity is defined as the ratio of displayed power to actual input power).

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 23

Specifications Definition of Terms

Linewidth

FWHM spectral bandwidth. The 3 dB width of the optical spectrum, expressed in Hertz. Symbol: ∆f.

Noise

The peak-to-peak change of displayed power level with zero input power level (dark).

Conditions: Zero prior to measurement, averaging time and observation time as specified, lowest power range selected and wavelength range as specified.

Measurement: the measurement result is obtained by:

− P

Noise = P

max

expressed as peak-to-peak

min

within the given time span. Any offset is automatically excluded this way.

Power range

The power range is defined from the highest specified input power level to the smallest input power level that causes a noticeable change of displayed power level.

Conditions: wavelength, averaging time as specified.

Reference conditions

The specified conditions during the spectral responsivity calibration, or conditions which are extrapolated from the conditions during calibration.

Conditions: power level, beam diameter or fiber type, numerical aperture, wavelength, spectral width, ambient temperature as specified, at the day of calibration. →Noise and drift observed over a specified observation time, with a temperature change of not more than ±∆T.

Relative uncertainty (spectral ripple) due to interference

Uncertainty of power reading when using a coherent source, due to a periodic change of the power meter's responsivity caused by optical interference between reflective interfaces within the power meter's optical assembly.

24 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Definition of Terms Specifications

Conditions: constant wavelength, constant power level, angled connector as specified, linewidth of source <100 MHz, temperature as specified.

NOTE Spectral ripple is measured by stepping the source wavelength over

the wavelength range specified.

Relative uncertainty due to speckle noise

This is the uncertainty of the power reading when using a coherent source. This is due to a variation of the power meters responsivity caused by optical interference the power meters optical assembly.

Conditions: constant wavelength, constant power level, angled connector as specified, linewidth of source as specified, temperature as specified.

Incoming light to the integrating sphere undergoes numerous

internal reflections (as many as several hundred) prior to hitting

the detector. If the source is sufficiently coherent, a complicated

interference pattern (speckle pattern) appears spread over the

whole sphere volume. Slight changes of the ambient conditions

(temperature, vibration, shock) affect particular optical paths

which consequently changes the speckle pattern and results in an

instability of the head power reading (speckle noise).

between different optical paths within

NOTE Changes in the source wavelength have a similar effect on speckle

noise as environmental changes, because they cause fluctuations in the interference pattern. If the source coherence length is small compared to the effective path length, the interference pattern disappears and relative uncertainty due to speckle noise becomes negligible.

Measurement: In contrast to the spectral ripple definition the source wavelength isn’t stepped when measuring speckle noise.

Relative uncertainty due to polarization

Also termed polarization-dependent responsivity (PDR), the relative uncertainty due to polarization is the uncertainty of the displayed power level on the input polarization state, expressed as the difference between the highest and the lowest displayed power. Uncertainty figures are based upon a 95% confidence level.

Conditions: laser source with variable polarization state, generation of all possible polarization states (covering the entire Poincaré sphere), constant wavelength, constant power level, angled connector as specified, temperature as specified.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 25

Specifications Definition of Terms

Return loss

The ratio of the incident power to the reflected power expressed in dB. Symbol: RL.

RL 10

Conditions: the return loss excludes any reflections from the fiber end used as radiation source.

æö

-------------

log=

èø

back

Spectral width of optical source

Full width at half maximum. The 3 dB width of the optical spectrum, expressed in nm. Symbol: FWHM.

Total unce rtai nty

The uncertainty for a specified set of operating conditions, including noise and drift.

Conditions: power level, beam diameter or fiber type, numerical aperture, wavelength, spectral width, ambient temperature, recalibration period as specified. →Noise and drift observed over a specified observation time, with a temperature change of not more than ±∆T.

Uncertainty at reference conditions

The uncertainty for the specified set of reference conditions, including all uncertainties in the calibration chain from the national laboratory to the test meter.

Wavelength range

The range of wavelengths for which the power meter is calibrated.

Note: Selectable wavelength setting of the power meter for useful power measurements (operating wavelength range).

Literature

[1]Fiber optic test and measurement, Hewlett Packard Professional Books, edited by Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-534330-5

26 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Optical Head Specifications Specifications

Optical Head Specifications

All optical heads have to be operated with the single (Agilent 81618A) or dual (Agilent 81619A) Interface Modules.

Table 2 Optical Head Specifications

Agilent 81623B Agilent 81624B Agilent 81627B

Sensor Element Ge, Ø 5 mm InGaAs, Ø 5 mm InGaAs, Ø 3 mm

Wavelength Range 750 - 1800 nm 800 - 1700 nm 800 - 1700 nm

Power Range +10 to -80 dBm +10 to -90 dBm +10 to -90 dBm

Applicable Fiber Type Standard SM and MM max 100 µm core size, NA ≤ 0.3 Standard SM (max 10 µm core

size), NA ≤ 0.11

connector)

Standard MM (max 62.5 µm core size), NA ≤ 0.22

Open Beam Parallel beam max Ø 4 mm Parallel beam max Ø 2.5 mm

Uncertainty at Reference Conditions

Tot a l U nc ert a i nt y

Relative Uncertainty

- due to polarization

±3.5% ± 100 pW (1000 to 1650 nm)

≤± 0.01 dB 11 (typ. ± 0.005 dB)

±2.2%

(1000 to 1650 nm)

±2.2%

(1000 to 1630 nm)

±3.5% ± 5 pW (1000 to 1630 nm)

≤± 0.005 dB (typ. ± 0.002 dB)

±4.0% ± 5 pW (1000 to 1630 nm)

≤± 0.005 dB (typ. ± 0.002 dB)

(straight and angled

(straight connector)

±2.5%

(1000 to 1630 nm)

Spectral ripple (due to interference)

Linearity (power):

-at 23°C ±5°C<±0.025 dB ± 100 pW

- at operating temp. range <±0.05 dB ± 100 pW

Return Loss

≤± 0.006 dB (typ. ± 0.003 dB)

(CW +10 to -60 dBm)

(1000 - 1650 nm)

> 50dB

≤± 0.005 dB (typ. ± 0.002 dB)

(CW +10 to -70 dBm)

(1000 - 1630 nm)

<±0.02 dB ± 5pW <±0.02 dB ± 5pW

<±0.05 dB ± 5pW <±0.05 dB ± 5pW

≤± 0.005 dB (typ. ± 0.002 dB)

(CW +10 to -70 dBm)

(1000 - 1630 nm)

typ. 60 dB > 60 dB

typ. > 55 dB

Noise (peak to peak)

5, 6

< 100 pW < 5 pW < 5 pW

Analog Output included

Averaging Time (minimal) 100 µs

Dimensions (H x W x D) 57 mm × 66 mm × 156 mm

Weight 0.5 kg

Recalibration Period 2 years

Operating Temperature 0°C to +40°C

Humidity Non-condensing

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 27

Specifications Optical Head Specifications

Table 2 Optical Head Specifications

Agilent 81623B Agilent 81624B Agilent 81627B

Warm-up time 40 minutes

1 Reference Conditions:

• Power level 10 µW (-20 dBm), continuous wave (CW)

• Parallel beam, 3 mm spot diameter on the center of the detector

• Ambient temperature 23 °C ± 5 °C

• On day of calibration (add ± 0.3% for aging over one year; add ± 0.6% over two years)

• Spectral width of source < 10 nm (FWHM)

• Wavelength setting at power meter must correspond to source wavelength ± 0.4 nm

2 Total uncertainty includes: polarization, interference, linearity conditions:

• Parallel beam, 3mm spot diameter on the center of the detector or connectorized fiber with NA ≤ 0.2

(straight connector); for 81627B 2mm spot diameter

• For NA > 0.2, add 1%

• For 81627B and MM fiber add 1%

• Within one year after calibration, add 0.3% for second year

• Operating temperature range as specified; humidity: non-condensing

3 All states of polarization at constant wavelength (1550 nm ± 30 nm) and constant power, straight

connector, T = 23°C ± 5°. For angled connector (8°) add 0.01 dB typ.

4 Conditions:

Wavelength 1550 nm ± 30 nm, fixed state of polarization, constant power, Temperature 23°C ± 5°C, Linewidth of source ≥ 100 MHz, angled connector 8°.

5 At constant temperature (∆T = ± 1°C), zeroing required.

6 Averaging time 1s, T = 23°C ± 5°C, observation time 300 s. Wavelength range 1200 - 1630 nm.

7 Conditions

• Wavelengths 1550 nm ± 30 nm.

• Standard single-mode fiber, angled connector min 8°.

8 For input power > 2 mW, add ± 0.004 dB / mW

9 30°C for > +20 dBm input power

10 For input power >+10 mW add:

typ. ± 0.0016 dB / mW without Agilent 81000AF, or add

± 0.0008 dB / mW with Agilent 81000AF (direct coupled)

In the case of a negative power change >50 dB allow an addition recovery time of 3 minutes.

11 Specification valid for optical heads with S/N starting with "DE413..." or higher.

28 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Optical Head Specifications Specifications

Table 3 High Power Optical Head Specifications

Agilent 81622B Agilent 81626B

Sensor Element Ge, Ø 5 mm InGaAs, Ø 5 mm

Wavelength Range 850 - 1650 nm 850 - 1650 nm

Power Range +27 to -55 dBm

(1250 - 1650 nm)

+23 to -55 dBm (850 - 1650 nm)

+27 to -70 dBm

(1250 - 1650 nm)

+23 to -70 dBm

(850 - 1650 nm)

Applicable Fiber Type Standard SM and MM max 100 µm core size, NA ≤ 0.3

Open Beam Parallel beam max Ø 4 mm

Uncertainty at Reference Conditions

Tot a l U nce r t ai nt y

Relative Uncertainty

- due to polarization

Spectral ripple

(due to interference)

Linearity (power):

-at 23°C ±5°C<±0.05 dB ± 40 nW

- at operating temp. range <±0.15 dB ± 40 nW

Return Loss

Noise (peak to peak)

5, 6

±3.0%

(950 to 1630 nm)

±5%± 40 nW10

±5.0% ± 500 pW

(950 to 1630 nm)

± 0.01 dB

(typ. ± 0.005 dB)

± 0.006 dB

(typ. ± 0.003 dB)

(CW +27 to -40 dBm)

(CW +27 to -50 dBm)

(950 - 1630 nm)

<±0.04 dB ± 500 pW

<±0.15 dB ± 500 pW

> 45dB >45dB

<40nW <500pW

±3.0%

(950 to 1630 nm)

± 0.005 dB

(typ. ± 0.002 dB)

± 0.005 dB

(typ. ± 0.002 dB)

(950 - 1630 nm)

Averaging Time (minimal) 100 µs

Analog Output included

Dimensions (H x W x D) 57 mm × 66 mm × 156 mm

Weight 0.5 kg

Recalibration Period 2 years

Operating Temperature 0°C to +35°C

Humidity Non-condensing

Warm-up time 40 minutes

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 29

Specifications Optical Head Specifications

Notes:

Agilent 81622B Agilent 81626B

Reference Conditions:

• Power level 10 µW (-20 dBm), continuous wave (CW)

• Parallel beam, 3 mm spot diameter on the center of the detector (center of sphere input for 81628B)

• Ambient temperature 23 °C ± 5 °C

• On day of calibration (add ± 0.3% for aging over one year; add ± 0.6% over two years)

• Spectral width of source < 10 nm (FWHM)

Wavelength setting at power meter must correspond to source wavelength ±

0.4 nm

Operating Conditions:

• Parallel beam, 3mm spot diameter on the center of the detector or connectorized fiber with NA ≤ 0.2 (straight connector)

• For NA > 0.2, add 1%

• Within one year after calibration, add 0.3% for second year

• Operating temperature range as specified; humidity: non-condensing

All states of polarization at constant wavelength (1550 nm ± 30 nm) and

constant power, straight connector, T = 23°C ± 5°. For angled connector (8°) add 0.01 dB typ.

Conditions:

Wavelength 1550 nm ± 30 nm, fixed state of polarization, constant power, Temperature 23°C ± 5°C, Linewidth of source ≥ 100 MHz, angled connector 8°.

At const ant temperature (∆T = ± 1°C), zeroing required.

Averaging time 1s, T = 23°C ± 5°C, observation time 300 s. Wavelength range

1200 - 1630 nm.

Conditions

• Wavelengths 1550 nm ± 30 nm.

Standard single-mode fiber, angled connector min 8°.

8 For input power > 2 mW, add ± 0.004 dB / mW

9 30°C for > +20 dBm input power

For input power >+10 mW add:

typ. ± 0.0016 dB / mW without Agilent 81000AF, or add ± 0.0008 dB / mW with Agilent 81000AF (direct coupled)

In the case of a negative power change >50 dB allow an addition recovery time of 3 minutes.

30 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Optical Head Specifications Specifications

Table 4 Agilent 81628B Specification

Agilent 81628B

with integrating sphere

Sensor Element InGaAs, Ø 3 mm

Wavelength Range 800-1700nm

Power Range +40 to -60 dBm

(800 - 1700 nm)

For operation higher than 34 dBm see safety note.

Damage Power 40.5 dBm

Applicable Fiber Type SM NA ≤ 0.2, MM NA ≤ 0.4

Open Beam Ø 3 mm center of sphere

Uncertainty at Reference Conditions

Total Un c e r t ainty

1, 8

2, 8

≤ 10 dBm ±4 % ± 5nW

±3.0%

(970 to 1630 nm)

>10 dBm to ≤20 dBm ±4.5 %

>20 dBm to ≤38 dBm ±5 %

(970 to 1630 nm)

Relative Uncertainty

- due to polarization

- due to speckle noise at source linewidth

Linearity (power):

5, 8

0.1 pm to 100 pm typ. ≤± 0.02 dB

> 100 pm typ. ≤± 0.002 dB

typ. ≤± 0.006 dB

(CW +38 to -40 dBm)

(970 - 1630 nm)

-at 23°C ±5°C

≤ 10 dBm

<±0.03 dB ± 5nW

>10 dBm to ≤30 dBm <±0.05 dB >30 dBm to ≤37 dBm <±0.09 dB

>37 dBm to ≤38dBm <±0.1 dB

- at operating temp. range add ±0.03 dB

Return Loss >75dB

Noise (peak to peak)

5, 6

<5 nW

Averaging Time (minimal) 100 µs

Analog Output included

Dimensions (H x W x D) 55 mm × 80 mm × 250 mm

Weight 0.9 kg (without heatsink)

Recalibration Period 2 years

Operating Temperature

0°C to +40°C

Humidity Non-condensing

Warm-up time 40 minutes

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 31

Specifications Optical Head Specifications

Agilent 81628B

Reference Conditions:

• Power level 10 µW (-20 dBm), continuous wave (CW)

• Parallel beam, 3 mm spot diameter on the center of sphere input

• Ambient temperature 23 °C ± 5 °C

• On day of calibration (add ± 0.3% for aging over one year; add ± 0.6% over two years)

• Spectral width of source < 10 nm (FWHM)

• Wavelength setting at power meter must correspond to source wavelength ± 0.4 nm

• Humidity 50% ± 10%

Operating conditions:

• Parallel beam, 3mm spot diameter on the center of sphere input or connectorized f iber

with NA ≤ 0.2 (straight connector)

• For NA > 0.2, add 1%

• Within one year after calibration, add 0.3% for second year

• Operating temperature range as specified; humidity: <80% and non-condensing

All states of polarization at constant wavelength (1550 nm ± 30 nm) and constant power.

Conditions:

Wavelength 1550 nm ± 30 nm, fixed state of polarization, constant power, Temperature 23°C ± 5°C, Measurement time ≤ 3 min.

At constant temperature (∆T = ± 1°C), zeroing required.

Averaging time 1s, T = 23°C ± 5°C, observation time 300 s. Wavelength range 970 - 1630 nm.

Thermal drift at 38 dBm, exposure time 30 min: Recovery time 10 min: ≤ 30 nW

For optical power > 30 dBm the maximum operating temperature is limited to 35 °C

30 min: ≤10 nW

8 Wavelength must not be equal to any water absorption line.

*Attention

Safety Note:

For optical power higher than 34 dBm the attached heatsink MUST be used!

For continuous optical power or average optical power higher than 38 dBm the connector adapters will get warmer than permitted according to the safety standard IEC 61010-1.

The Agilent 81628B Optical Head can handle power up to 40dBm, however, operation above 38 dBm is at the operators own risk. Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH will not be liable for any damage caused by operation above 38 dBm.

32 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Supplementary Performance Characteristics Specifications

Supplementary Performance Characteristics

Analog Output

Bandwith ≥DC, ≤300 to 5000 Hz depending on range and optical head. Output voltage 0 to 2 V non-terminated Output impedance 600 Ohm typ. Max. input voltage ±10V

Table 5 3dB-bandwidth of the Analog Output

Bandwidth

Range

+40 dBm N/A N/A 3.5 kHz

+30 dBm N/A N/A 3.5 kHz

+20 dBm N/A N/A 3.5 kHz

+10dBm 5.0kHz 5.0kHz 3.5kHz

0dBm 5.0kHz 5.0kHz 1.8kHz

-10dBm 5.0kHz 5.0kHz 1.8kHz

-20dBm 5.0kHz 5.0kHz 0.12kHz

-30dBm 0.5kHz 1.8kHz 0.12kHz

-40dBm 0.5kHz ** 1.8kHz N/A

-50 dBm 0.05 kHz ** 0.12 kHz * N/A

-60 dBm 0.05 kHz ** 0.12 kHz * N/A

* Not applicable for 81626B

** Not applicable for 81622B

81622B/3B

Bandwidth

81624B/6B/7B

Bandwidth

81628B

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 33

Specifications Supplementary Performance Characteristics

34 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 35

Performance Tests

The procedures in this section test the performance of the instrument.

The complete specifications to which

Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Heads are tested are given

in “Specifications” on page 21. All tests can be performed without

access to the interior of the instrument. The test equipment given

corresponds to tests carried out with Diamond HMS - 10 connectors.

36 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Equipment Required Performance Tests

Equipment Required

Equipment required for the performance test is listed in the table below. Any equipment that satisfies the critical specifications of the equipment given in the table may be substituted for the recommended models.

Table 6 Equipment Required for Performance Test

Interface Optical Head

Instrument/Accessory Recommended Model

81618A

81619A

81622B

81623B

81624B

81626B

81627B

81628B

Multimeter Mainframe Agilent 8163A/B 1 ea 1 ea 2 ea 2 ea 2 ea 2 ea 2 ea 2 ea Agilent

Interface Module Agilent 81618A – – x x x x x x Agilent

Optical Head 8162x 1 ea 2 ea – – – – – – CW Laser Module Agilent 81657A – – x x x x x x CW Laser Module Agilent 81654A – x x x x x x Agilent

Power Meter Standard Agilent 81618A Optical

Head Interface Module with Agilent 81623B #C01

Power Meter Standard Agilent 81618A Optical

Head Interface Module with

Agilent 81624B #C01 Work Power Sensor Module Agilent 81634B – – x x x x x x Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 – – x x x x x x Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 – – x x x x x x Return Loss Reference Cable Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A – – x x x x x x Kit, Performance Test 81628-68705 – – – – – – – x Tunable Laser Source Agilent 8164A and

Polarization Controller Agilent 11896A #025 – – – – o o o o Wavelength Independent Coupler (3 dB) Best IF Adapter Special Tool ––––oooo Worst IF Adapter Special Tool ––––oooo

Agilent 81610CC – – x x x x x x

Agilent 81680A #022

Special Tool ––––oooo

––xx––––

––––xxxx

––––oooo

Required

Alternative Models

Characteristics

8164A/B

81619A

81657A

Legend : – not applicable; x necessary; o optional.

* valid for 81627B only

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 37

Performance Tests Test Record

Table 6 Equipment Required for Performance Test

Interface Optical Head

Instrument/Accessory Recommended Model

81618A

81619A

81622B

81623B

81624B

81626B

81627B

Singlemode Fiber Agilent 81101AC (2/1* ea) – – x x x x x* x

Agilent 81101PC (1 ea) – – – – – – x – Agilent 81102SC (1 ea) –––––––x Agilent 81113PC (3 ea) – – x x x x x x Agilent 81113SC (1 ea) – – x x x x x x

Connector Adapters Agilent 81000AA (2 ea) – – x x x x – x

Agilent 81000SA (1 ea) – – x x x x – x Agilent 81001SA (1 ea) – – – – – – x – Agilent 81000FA (1/2* ea) – – x x x x x* x Agilent 81001FA (1 ea) – – – – – – x –

Connector Interfaces Agilent 81000AI (3 ea) – – x x x x x x

Agilent 81000FI (3 ea) – – x x x x x x Agilent 81000SI (4 ea) – – x x x x x x

Plastic Cap PN 5040-9351 – – x x x x x x

Legend : – not applicable; x necessary; o optional.

* valid for 81627B only

81628B

Required

Alternative Models

Characteristics

Test Record

Results of the performance test may be tabulated on the Test Record provided at the end of the test procedures. It is recommended that you fill out the Test Record and refer to it while doing the test. Since the test limits and setup information are printed on the Test Record for easy reference, the record can also be used as an abbreviated test procedure (if you are already familiar with the test procedures). The Test Record can also be used as a permanent record and may be reproduced without written permission from Agilent Technologies.

38 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Te s t Fai l ur e Performance Tests

Test Failure

If the Agilent 81618A/19A Interface module or Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Head fails any performance test, return the instrument to the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales / Service Office for repair.

Instrument Specification

Specifications are the performance characteristics of the instrument that is certified. These specifications, listed in “Specifications” on page 21, are the performance standards or limits against which the Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Head can be tested. “Specifications” on page 21 also lists some supplemental characteristics of the Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B Optical Head. Supplemental characteristics should be considered as additional information.

Agilent 81618A/19A Interface Modules are tested for functionality only.

Any changes in the specifications due to manufacturing changes, design, or traceability to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), will be covered in a manual change supplement, or revised manual. Such specifications supercede any that were previously published.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 39

Performance Tests Functional Tests

Functional Tests

The functional test applies to the Agilent 81618A/19A Interface

modules.

Mainframe 8163A/B with

8161xA Interface Module as DUT

Figure 9 Functional Test Setup

1 Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 9

2 If you are using an Agilent 81619A Interface module connect one

optical head to channel 1 and the other to channel 2

3 Power up the mainframe.

If the Agilent 81618A/19A passes all self-tests, the module is considered fully functional.

40 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Tests

The performance tests given in this section includes the Accuracy Test, the Linearity Test, the Return Loss Test (for the 81622B/23B/26B/ and 27B) and the Noise Test. The performance tests for the Agilent 81624B/6B also include – as optional tests – the Relative Polarization Uncertainty and the Relative Interference Uncertainty Test. Perform each step in the order given, using the corresponding test equipment.

NOTE Make sure that all optical connections are dry and clean. DO NOT USE

INDEX MATCHING OIL. For cleaning, use the cleaning instructions given in “Cleaning Information” on page 87.

The optical cables from the laser source to the 8156A Attenuator and from there to the power meter must be fixed to the table to ensure minimum cable movement during the tests.

NOTE

For 81628B only

The performance test for the 81628B High Power Head does not differ from the test procedure for an optical head without an integrating sphere, except for the linearity test. The integrating sphere of the 81628B has to be disconnected for testing the linearity of the head alone. A special adapter and a disconnecting tool are necessary for disconnection. These tools are included in the Performance Test Kit (order P/N 81628-68705).

If the integrating sphere is disconnected the performance of the 81628B has to be verified. If performing a performance test on the 81628B that includes the linearity test, it is necessary to start the procedure with the linearity test and then perform the accuracy and noise tests afterwards.

The non-linearity of the 81628B is not normally tested up to the specified power level of +38 dBm. The linearity test only verifies the linearity of the head without the integrating sphere up to 10 dBm (equivalent to 40 dBm with the integrating sphere). The attenuation of the integrating sphere is typically 31 ± 1 dB, hence the maximum input power for the photodiode is in the range 6 - 8 dBm and so the test described below covers this input power range of the photodiode. The contribution of the sphere to the non-linearity is caused by the heating of the sphere due to applied power > 30 dBm. These linearity characteristics are determined by sample testing of the 81628B in OCMD’s metrology lab.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 41

Performance Tests Performance Tests

The thermal characteristics of the sphere do not change from device to device, or during the product lifetime. If a head without the sphere passes the linearity test within the specifications given on the Test Record Sheet, then the whole system - sphere and head - is within the product specification.

The head and the integrating sphere of the 81628B are adjusted and serialized together, therefore the specifications of the 81628B are only valid for that given combination of head and integrating sphere.

The disconnecting and connecting of the integrating sphere may change the performance verification data slightly.

42 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Accuracy Test

This performance test applies to Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B

Optical Heads.

NOTE The linearity test must only be performed at either 1310 nm or

1550 nm. The accuracy test must be performed in the -20 dBm range at

10.0 µW at both 1310 nm and 1550 nm.

Tes t Se tup

1 Make sure that cable connector, detectors and adapters are clean.

2 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 10.

Mainframe 8163A/B or 8164A w/

81657A

8163A/B

81101AC

Optical Attenuator 8156A

81101AC

Optical Head 8162xB

ainframe 8163A/B w/ 81618A and

81618A with 8162xB Opt. Head (Ref)

81618A

8163A/B



DUT



Optical Head 8162xB

Wk Std

Figure 10 Accuracy Test Setup

NOTE Make sure that the cables to and from the attenuator are fixed on

the table and that both the optical head and the DUT are close

together so that minimum cable movement is required when

connecting the cable to the head or to the DUT.

For 81627B only: The 81627B does not support 81101AC patchcord.

Use 81101PC patchcord for measurement path and 81001FA

connector adapter (for the DUT) and 81000FA connector adapter

(for reference power meter) instead.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 43

Performance Tests Performance Tests

3 Move to the Laser Source channel, move to the wavelength

parameter, [λ], press Enter, select the lower wavelength source, and

press Enter.

4 If you are using an Agilent 81657A Laser Source make sure you

initialize the Agilent 8156A Optical Attenuator with 30 dB

attenuation.

5 Turn the instruments on, enable the laser source and allow the

instruments to warm up for at least 20 minutes.

6 Perform the following sub-procedure for both Power Meters:

a Move to the Power Meter channel.

b Move to the wavelength parameter, [λ], press Enter, enter the

wavelength of the laser source, and press Enter.

c Move to the calibration parameter, [CAL], press Enter, set the

calibration parameter to zero, and press Enter.

d Move to the averaging time parameter, [AvgTime], press Enter,

move to <500 ms>, and press Enter.

e Move to the power parameter, [P], press [Pwr unit], move to

<Watt >, and press Enter.

7 Make sure the optical input of the Device Under Test (DUT),

8162xA/B, is not receiving any light by placing a plastic cap over the

input. Move to the DUT Power Meter channel, press [Menu], move to

<Zero>, press Enter.

8 Ensure that the Agilent 8156A output is disabled. Move to the

reference Power Meter channel that uses the Agilent 8162xB Optical

Head and Agilent 81618A Optical Head Interface module, press

[Menu], move to <Zero>, press Enter.

9 Enable the Agilent 8156A output and change the attenuation until

the reference Power Meter displays 10.00 mW.

10 Connect the attenuator output cable to the DUT Power Meter. Note

the power value returned from the DUT, [P], from the display and

note the result in the test record.

11 Move to the Laser Source channel, move to the wavelength

parameter, [λ], press Enter, select the longer wavelength source,

and press Enter.

12 Repeat steps 4 to 10 at the second wavelength with the

corresponding source.

44 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

)

Linearity Test

This performance test applies to Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B

Optical Heads

NOTE 81628B only:

You have to disconnect the integrating sphere of the 81628B head to verify the linearity. The linearity specification of the 81627B head applies to the 81628B without the integrating sphere. Use the 81102SC high return loss patchcord to connect the DUT to the attenuator.

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 81657A FLS

81657A

Optical Attenuator 8156A #221

8163A/B

Monitor



81113PC

Figure 11 Measurement Setup for Power Linearity

Test Setup

NOTE • Do not turn the laser off during the measurement!

81113PC

Optical Attenuator 8156A

81113PC

81113SC or 81102SC

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 81634B (REF and 81618A + 8162xB (DUT)

81618A81634B

REF

8163A/B

Optical Head 8162xB

DUT

• Clean all connectors carefully before you start with the

measurement!

NOTE The linearity test checks the in-range linearity as well as the range

discontinuity. Therefore, two values are measured at the same power but within different power ranges (range discontinuity) and two different power values , one on the lower and the other on the upper limit of the power range, are measured within the same power range (in-range linearity).

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 45

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Perform the test until the power reading of the DUT shows:

for 81622B: -27.x dBm

for 81623B: -47.x dBm

for 81624B: -57.x dBm

for 81626B: -37.x dBm

for 81627B: -57.x dBm

for 81628B: -57.x dBm (without sphere)

1 Make sure that cable connector, detectors and adapters are clean.

2 Make sure that you perform this test in a temperature-controlled

environment with temperature fluctuations less than ±1°C.

3 Setup the equipment as shown in Figure 11. Disable both

attenuators and enable the laser source, where the source

wavelength is chosen to 1550 nm. If you are using the 81657A, move to the wavelength parameter, [λ], press Enter, select the longer

wavelength source (1550 nm nominally), and press Enter.

4 Set the wavelength of both attenuators to the same wavelength as

the laser source.

5 Perform the following sub-procedure for both Power Meters:

a Move to the Power Meter channel.

b Move to the wavelength parameter, [λ], press Enter, enter the

wavelength of the laser source, and press Enter.

c Move to the calibration parameter, [CAL], press Enter, set the

calibration parameter to zero, and press Enter.

d Move to the averaging time parameter, [AvgTime], press Enter,

move to <100 ms>, and press Enter.

e Move to the power parameter, [P], press [Pwr unit], move to

<dBm>, and press Enter.

f Press the [Menu] softkey and move to <Number of digits>, press

Enter, move to <3>, press Enter and press [Close].

NOTE Always include at least three digits after the decimal point when

you note a power reading.

6 Initialize the two attenuators as follows:

a Set the attenuation of the 8156A #221 with Monitor Output

(referred to as Atty1) to 0 dB.

b Set the attenuation of the other 8156A (referred to as Atty2) to

35 dB.

7 Wait at least 15 minutes until the laser source has stabilized.

46 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

8 Perform the following sub-procedure for the reference Power Meter,

81634B:

a Press [Menu], move to <Range mode>, move to <Manual>, and

press Enter.

b Move to <Range>, press Enter, move to <-50 dBm>, press Enter,

and press [Close].

9 Perform the following sub-procedure for the DUT, 8162xB:

a Press [Menu], move to <Range mode>, move to <Manual>, and

press Enter.

b Move to <Range>, press Enter, move to <10 dBm>(40 dBm for

81628B), and press Enter.

c Zero both Power Meters. Move to <Zero all> and press Enter.

10 Enable both attenuators.

11 Adjust the attenuation of Atty2 in order to achieve -47.2 dBm on the

reference Power Meter.

NOTE For 81628B:

Before starting the measurement move to the DUT channel and enter a calibration factor of 31 dB. This simulates the disconnected integrating sphere. If the power at the DUT overflows when switching to the lower range decrease the calibration factor (e.g. to 30 dB) and start the linearity test again.

+10 dBm Range (equivalent to +40 dBm range for 81628B)

12 Applies to the 81622B and 81626B only:

Switch to the 20 dBm range and note both power readings as n=0 in

the test record, which is given at the end of the test descriptions

(#0, that is n=0). Switch back to the 10 dBm range.

13 Note both power readings as the first value (n=1) in the test record,

which is given at the end of the test descriptions (#1).

14 Increase the attenuation of Atty1 until the power reading of the

DUT shows about +2.8 dBm.

15 Note the InRange-values in the test record (#2)

16 At the DUT, 8162xB, move to <Range>, press Enter, move to <0

dBm> (30 dBm for 81628B), and press Enter.

17 Adjust the attenuation of Atty2 in order to be on the upper limit of

the -50 dBm range at the reference power meter (i.e. -47.2 dBm).

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 47

Performance Tests Performance Tests

0 dBm Range (equivalent to +30 dBm range for 81628B)

18 Disable Atty1.

19 Zero both Power Meters. On the 8163A/B with two installed power

meters, press [Menu], move to <Zero all>, and press Enter.

20 Enable Atty1.

21 Switch one range up to the +10 dBm range (+40dBm for 81628).

22 Note both power readings (#3).

23 Switch down to the previous range (0 dBm, 30 dBm for the 81628B)

and note the values again (#4).

24 Increase Atty1 by 10 dB and note the results in the test record (#5).

25 At the DUT, 8162xB, press [Menu], move to <Range>, press Enter,

move to <-10 dBm>(20 dBm for the 81628B), press Enter, and press

[Close].

26 If necessary, adjust the attenuation of Atty1 in order to be on the

upper limit of the range (i.e. -x7.y dBm).

27 Decrease the attenuation of Atty2 by 10 dB in order to be on the

upper limit of the -50 dBm range at the reference power meter.

-10 dBm Range (equivalent to +20 dBm range for 81628B)

28 Disable Atty1

29 Zero both Power Meters. On the 8163A/B with two installed power

meters, press [Menu], move to <Zero all>, and press Enter.

30 Enable Atty1.

31 Switch one range up to the 0 dBm range (30 dBm for the 81628B)

and note the power readings (#6).

32 Switch down to the previous range (-10 dBm, 20 dBm for the

81628B) and note the values again (#7).

33 Increase the attenuation of Atty1 by 10 dB and note the results in

the test record (#8).

34 At the DUT, 8162xB, press [Menu], move to <Range>, press Enter,

move to <-20 dBm>(10 dBm for the 81628B), press Enter and press

[Close].

35 If necessary, adjust the attenuation of Atty1 in order to be on the

upper limit of the range (i.e. -x7.y dBm).

48 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

36 Decrease the attenuation of Atty2 to 10 dB in order to be on the

upper limit of the -50 dBm range at the reference power meter.

-20 dBm Range (equivalent to +10 dBm range for 81628B)

37 Disable Atty1.

38 Zero both Power Meters. On the 8163A/B with two installed power

meters, press [Menu], move to <Zero all>, and press Enter.

39 Enable Atty1.

40 Switch one range up to the -10 dBm (20 dBm for the 81628B) range

and note the power readings (#9).

41 Switch down to the previous (-20 dBm, 10 dBm for the 81628B) and

note the power readings again (#10).

42 Increase the attenuation of Atty1 by 10 dB and note the results in

the test record (#11).

43 On the DUT switch one range down to the -30 dBm (0 dBm for the

81628B) range.

44 If necessary, adjust the attenuation of Atty1 in order to be on the

upper limit of the range (i.e. -x7.y dBm).

45 Decrease the attenuation of Atty2 by 10 dB in order to be on the

upper limit of the -50 dBm range.

-30 dBm Range (equivalent to 0 dBm range for 81628B)

46 Disable Atty1.

47 Zero both power meters. On the 8163A/B with two installed power

meters, press [Menu], move to <Zero all>, and press Enter.

48 Enable Atty1.

49 Switch one range up to the -20 dBm range (10 dBm for the 81628B)

and note the power readings (#12).

50 Switch down to the previous range (-30 dBm, 0 dBm for the 81628B)

and note the values again (#13).

51 Increase the attenuation of Atty1 by 10 dB and note the results in

the test record (#14).

52 On the DUT switch one range down to the -40 dBm (-10 for 81628B)

range.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 49

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Change Setup

53 Disable Atty1 and switch the output with the monitor output.

54 Set the attenuation of Atty1 to 35 dB and of Atty2 to 25 dB.

55 Enable Atty1 again.

56 Adjust the attenuation of both attenuators in the following order:

• Atty1: DUT Power Meter shows a reading of -37.2 dBm.

• Atty2: the REF Power Meter shows a reading of -47.2 dBm.

-40 dBm Range (equivalent to -10 dBm range for 81628B)

57 Disable Atty1.

58 Zero both Power Meters. On the 8163A/B with two installed power

meters, press [Menu], move to <Zero all>, and press Enter.

59 Enable Atty1.

60 Switch one range up to the -30 dBm (0 dBm for the 81628B) range

and note the power readings (#15).

61 Switch one range down (-40 dBm, -10 dBm for the 81628B) and note

the power readings again (#16).

62 Increase the attenuation of Atty1 by 10 dB and note the results in

the test record (#17).

63 On the DUT switch one range down to the -50 dBm range (-20 dBm

for the 81628B).

64 If necessary, adjust the attenuation of Atty1 in order to be on the

upper limit of the range (i.e. -x7.y dBm).

65 Decrease the attenuation of Atty2 by 10 dB in order to be on the

upper limit of the -50dBm range at the reference power meter.

-50 dBm Range (equivalent to -20 dBm range for 81628B)

66 Disable Atty1.

67 Zero both power meters. On the 8163A/B with two installed power

meters, press [Menu], move to <Zero all>, and press Enter.

68 Enable Atty1.

69 Switch one range up to the -40 dBm (-10 dBm for the 81628B) range

and note the power readings (#18).

70 Switch one range down (-50 dBm, -20 dBm for the 81628B)) and

note the power readings (#19).

50 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

71 Increase the attenuation of Atty1 by 10 dB and note the results in

the test record (#20).

Calculation

72 Calculate the non-linearity using the formulas given in the test

record.

Example: Measurement Results

Information only You r E n t ries

Atty1 / #221

1 0 42 10 -47,1915 9,4273 1. Value

2 6,6 42 10 -53,769 2,8467 InRange

3 6,6 35,5 10 -47,262 2,8524 RangeDisc / lower limit

4 6,6 35,5 0 -47,2605 2,8543 RangeDisc / upper limit

5 16,6 35,5 0 -57,2304 -7,1141 InRange

6 16,6 25,5 0 -47,2363 -7,1118 RangeDisc / lower limit

7 16,6 25,5 -10 -47,2347 -7,1097 RangeDisc / upper limit

8 26,6 25,5 -10 -57,2345 -17,111 InRange

9 26,6 15,5 -10 -47,2411 ,17,106 RangeDisc / lower limit

10 26,6 15,5 -20 -47,2382 -17,1054 RangeDisc / upper limit

11 36,6 15,5 -20 -57,228 -27,0942 InRange

12 36,6 5,5 -20 -47,2317 -27,0864 RangeDisc / lower limit

13 36,6 5,5 -30 -47,2318 -27,0873 RangeDisc / upper limit

14 46,6 5,5 -30 -57,2336 -37,089 InRange

15 35,5 17,6 -30 -47,219 -37,253 RangeDisc / lower limit

16 35,5 17,6 -40 -47,2195 -37,22538 RangeDisc / upper limit

17 45,5 17,6 -40 -57,1333 -47,166 InRange

18 45,5 7,6 -40 -47,1411 -47,164 RangeDisc / lower limit

19 41,2 11,3 -50 -47,1355 -47,1664 RangeDisc / upper limit

20 51,2 11,3 -50 -57,134 -57,163 InRange

[dB]

Atty2 / #100

[dB]

DUT Range

[dBm]

REF

Power [dBm]

DUT Power

[dBm]

Notes

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 51

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Calculations

Conversion [dBm] → [mW]

n Ref / R DUT / D Relation1 / A Relation2 / B Non-Linearity

[mW] [mW]

1 1,90919E-05 8,76455761 0,2199125

2 4,19856E-06 1,926060834

3 1,87845E-05 1,928590397 1,0003454 0,9995626 0,03

4 1,8791E-05 1,929434323 0,1006955 9,9275024 0,04

5 1,89217E-06 0,194352441

6 1,8896E-05 0,194455396 1,0003685 0,9995166 0,08

7 1,8903E-05 0,194549447 0,1000046 10,002994 0,09

8 1,89038E-06 0,019449122

9 1,88751E-05 0,019471526 1,000668 0,9998619 0,05

10 1,88877E-05 0,019474217 Reference Level 0,00

11 1,89322E-06 0,00195245 9,9765412

12 1,8916E-05 0,00195596

13 1,89156E-05 0,001955555 1,000023 0,9997928 0,01

Calculation as given Calculation as given

n+1

= R

4,5505092

0,1002582

= An*Bn (NL

n+1

= D

[%]

0,1

0,02

n±1

+1) - 1



14 1,89078E-06 0,000195479 10,004146 0,0999609 0,01

15 1,89714E-05 0,000188235

16 1,89692E-05 0,0001882 1,0001151 0,99981581 0,00

17 1,93495E-06 1,92044E-05 9,803474 0,1013767 0,03

18 1,93593E-05 1,92132E-05

19 1,93997E-05 1,92026E-05 1,001013651 0,9994475 0,08

20 1,93464E-06 1,92176E-06 9,996546719 0,1000783 0,13

NOTE: The Nonlinearity is calculated recursively using n=10 as reference point.

The formula is:

where NL For n=1, 4, 7 the values are NL

19.

n+1

or NL

n-1

= R

ì í î

n-1

()

nnn

()

−

nnn

is the previously calculated non-linearity value.

, while they are NL

n+2

n-1

= D

−+⋅

1011

nforNLBA

1011

nforNLBA

for n=13, 16,

n-2

52 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Line arity of 81624B

3.00%

2.00%

1.00%

0.00%

-1.00%

-2.00%

Nonlinearity [%]

-3.00%

-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 10

Optical Power [dBm]

Figure 12 Example of Linearity Test Result.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 53

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Noise Test

This performance test applies to Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B

Optical Heads.

NOTE You must insert a module or a blank panel in the second channel

position of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter before you perform the noise measurement.

1 Insert an Agilent 81618A or an Agilent 81619A Optical Head

Interface module into one slot of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave

Multimeter and connect the device under test, an 8162xA/B Optical

Head, to the Optical Head Interface module.

2 Make sure the optical input of the Device Under Test (DUT), an

8162xA/B Optical Head, is not receiving any light by placing a

plastic cap over the input adapter. Move to the DUT Power Meter

channel, press [Menu], move to <Zero>, and press Enter.

3 Press Appl, move to <Stability>, and press Enter. The Stability

Setup Screen appears.

4 Ensure that the correct channel is selected in the upcoming Module

Selection box.

5 Press [Menu] to access the Logging application menu screen.

6 Move to <Pwr unit>, press Enter, move to <W>, and press Enter.

7 Move to <AvgTime>, press Enter, move to <1 s>, and press Enter.

8 Move to <Range mode>, press Enter, move to <Auto>, and press

Enter, and press [Close].

9 Press the [Parameter] softkey, move to [TotalTime ], press Enter, set

the total time to 00:05:00, which is 5 minutes, and press Enter.

10 Press the [Measure] softkey to start the measurement.

11 After the stability application has finished, press the [Analysis]

softkey, press the [more] softkey, and note [∆P] as the noise value in

the test record.

54 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Return Loss Test

This performance test applies to Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B Optical

Heads.

1 Make sure that all connectors are clean.

2 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 13.

3 Press [Preset] on the mainframe.

Figure 13 Return Loss Reference Setup

NOTE To ensure traceability, use the 81610CC Reference Cable for

calibration measurements. Do not use the 81610CC Reference Cable for measurements on a Device Under Test. Instead, use a measurement patchcord.

CAUTION It is important to maintain the quality of the straight connector end of

the 81610CC Reference Cable. Never add another connector to the straight end of the 81610CC Reference Cable, since a physical connection is made. When the straight end of the 81610CC Reference Cable is connected to the 81634B Power Sensor module, no physical connection is made so there should be no degradation of connector quality.

4 Zero the Return Loss Module and the Optical Head

5 Enable the internal laser source of the Return Loss Module and

allow 20 minutes for it to stabilize.

6 At the Power Meter:

a Set the averaging time [AvTime] to 1s

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 55

Performance Tests Performance Tests

b Set the wavelength [λ] to the wavelength of the RTL source.

c Set [Pwr unit] to <db>.

7 At the Return Loss Module:

a Set the averaging time [AvTime] to 1s.

b Enter the Return Loss Reference value RLref of the 81610CC

reference cable for this wavelength.

c Press [RefCal to calibrate the Return Loss module at reference

condition.

8 At the Power Meter press [Disp -> Ref]. The Power Meter should now

read 0.0 dB.

9 Disconnect the 81610CC Reference Cable from the setup and

connect a 81113SC user cable to the Return Loss Module and leave

the other end open as shown in Figure 8.

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 8161xA RTL and 81618A Interface Module

8161xA

81618A

8163A/B

81113SC

Optical Head 8162xA

DUT

Figure 14 Return Loss Measurement Setup

10 At the Return Loss Module, press [TermCal] in order to calibrate

the Return Loss Module at termination condition.

NOTE Do not wrap the cable. The termination condition is realized with the

open end of the patchcord.

11 Now connect the open end to the optical head.

12 Enter the Power reading [P] on the optical head as [FPDelta] on the

Return Loss Meter. Make sure you enter the sign of this value

correctly.

13 Note the Return Loss reading as the Return Loss result into the test

record.

56 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Relative Uncertainty due to Polarization (Optional Test)

NOTE The performance test "Relative Uncertainty due to Polarization" is

optional, since the polarization is given with the production of the unit by mechanical and optical cavities and is unchanged by normal use of the sensor module.

Refer to Figure 15 for a setup to verify the relative uncertainty due to

polarization of the sensor module.

Generally, during this measurement procedure the tunable laser

source is swept through a predefined wavelength range. After every

wavelength step, a single PDL-measurement is made, where the

polarization controller generates all the different polarization states.

The highest PDL value is taken as the "relative uncertainty due to

polarization". The low output power path of the coupler is used to

monitor the power stability of the setup.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 57

Performance Tests Performance Tests

GPIB

Mainframe 8164A /B

8164A/B

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 81533B and

81682A

81521B Optical Head (Ref, special)

81533B

8163A/B



20 dB

Polarization Ctrl 11896A

11896

Figure 15 Measurement Setup for PDL Test

99%



Adapter

Optical Head (DUT)

straight

connector

Approved IF free

and low PDL optical

head (special tool)

81521B

Best IF

8162xB

Note

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 81618A and 8162xB Optical Head (DUT)

81618A

DIN 4108



angled connector (81113SC)

8163A/B

58 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Relative Uncertainty due to Interference (Optional Test)

NOTE The performance test "Relative Uncertainty due to Interference" is

optional, since the interference is given with the production of the unit by mechanical and optical cavities and is unchanged by normal use of the sensor module.

Refer to Figure 16 for a test setup to verify the relative uncertainty due to interference within the optical head optical assembly. In order to perform the relative uncertainty due to interference test, it is mandatory to use two mainframes, since the time difference between measurement A und B for a specific wavelength point has to be no greater than 2 ms. Due to this short measurement interval, the performance test of the Relative Uncertainty Due to Interference can only be performed under computer control.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 59

Performance Tests Performance Tests

GPIB

Mainframe 8164A/B

8164A/B

81682A

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 81618A and 8162xB Optical Head (DUT)

81618A

8163A/B

Note

DIN 4108



angled connector (81113SC)



Optical Head (DUT)

8162xB

Worst IF

ter

Adapte



81521B

Mainframe 8163A/B w/ 81533B and 81521B Optical Head (Ref, special)

81533B

8163A/B

3 dB

Best IF

Ada

Approved IF free

optical head

(special tool)

Figure 16 Setup for Relative Uncertainty due to Interference Measurement

60 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Theoretically, both Power Meters are monitoring the power ratio over the variable wavelength in a predefined range as shown in Figure 17. Ensure that the tunable laser source is mode-hop free in the tested wavelength range.

[dB]

max. 10mdB

Figure 17 Interference Ripple

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 61

Performance Tests Performance Tests

62 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81622B

Page 1 of 3

Model Agilent 81622B Optical Head_ Date ___________

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 63

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81622B Test Equipment Used

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1a2 Lightwave Multimeter (DUT) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe Agilent 8164A/B ____________ ___________

2a Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

2b Interface Module Agilent 81619A ____________ ___________

3a CW Laser Source Agilent 81656A ____________ ___________

3b CW Laser Source Agilent 81657A ____________ ___________

4 CW Laser Source Agilent 81654A ____________ ___________

5a1 Opt. Head Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

5a2 Optical Head, Reference Agilent 81623B ____________ ___________

6 Sensor Module Agilent 81634B ____________ ___________

7 Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 ____________ ___________

8a Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 ____________ ___________

9 Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Singlemode Fibers 2 81101AC 1 81113SC 3 81113PC

1 81610CC

Connector Interfaces 3 81000AI 3 81000FI 4 81000SI

Connector Adapters 2 81000AA 1 81000SA 1 81000FA

64 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81622B

Page 3 of 3

Model Agilent 81622B Optical Head Report No.________ Date ________________

Tes t No. Test Description

IAccuracy Test

measured at _______ nm (1310nm) Output Power

measured at _______ nm (1550nm) Output Power

II Linearity Test

Range P

[dBm] P

DUT

+20 +9 <± 1.53

+10 +9 ________ _______ <± 1.16 %

+10 +3 ________ _______ <± 1.16 %

0 +3 ________ _______ <± 1.16 %

0 -7 ________ _______ <± 1.16 %

-10 -7 ________ _______ <± 1.16 %

-10 -17 ________ _______ <± 1.36 %

-20* -17* Reference

Min. Spec.

Result Max.

Spec.

[µW]

9.64 µW _______ 10.36 µW

For Calculations you may want to use the appropriate sheet

[dBm] Loss [%]

DUT

[1]

0.0

<± 1.36%

Measurement Uncertainty

-20 -27 ________ _______

-30 -27 ________ _______

<± 3.16 %

-30 -37 ________ _______ <± 21.21 %

III Noise Test

[nW]

_______ < 40 nW

IV Return Loss Test

[dB]

45 dB < _______

[1] The 20 dBm range measurement is only performed to check the functionality of the current booster. The published specification does not apply because the attenuator is not in automode.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 65

Performance Tests Performance Tests

NOTE The nonlinearity of the 81622B is not regularly tested up to the

specified power level of +27 dBm. Instead, limited testing up to +9 dBm is used to test the electronic circuitry of the 81622B. Above +9 dBm, the largest contribution to nonlinearity comes from the absorbing glass filter (which is tested on a sample basis) that does not change its nonlinearity with time. This way it is guaranteed by design that testing the 81622B up to +9 dBm ensures specification compliance up to +27 dBm.

66 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81623B

Page 1 of 3

Model Agilent 81623B Optical Head_ Date ___________

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 67

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81623B Test Equipment Used

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1a2 Lightwave Multimeter (DUT) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe Agilent 8164A/B ____________ ___________

2a Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

2b Interface Module Agilent 81619A ____________ ___________

3a CW Laser Source Agilent 81656A ____________ ___________

3b CW Laser Source Agilent 81657A ____________ ___________

4 CW Laser Source Agilent 81654A ____________ ___________

5a1 Opt. Head Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

5a2 Optical Head, Reference Agilent 81623A ____________ ___________

6 Sensor Module Agilent 81634A ____________ ___________

7 Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 ____________ ___________

8a Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 ____________ ___________

9 Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Singlemode Fibers 2 81101AC 1 81113SC 3 81113PC

1 81610CC

Connector Interfaces 3 81000AI 3 81000FI 4 81000SI

Connector Adapters 2 81000AA 1 81000SA 1 81000FA

68 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81623B

Page 3 of 3

Model Agilent 81623B Optical Head Report No.________ Date ________________

Tes t No. Test Description

IAccuracy Test

measured at _______ nm (1310nm) Output Power

measured at _______ nm (1550nm) Output Power

II Linearity Test

Range P

[dBm] P

DUT

+10 +9 ________ _______ <± 1.13 %

+10 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.58 %

0 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.58 %

0 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.58 %

-10 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.58 %

-10 -17 ________ _______ <± 0.58 %

-20* -17* Reference

-20 -27 ________ _______

Min. Spec.

Result Max.

Spec.

[µW]

9.72 µW _______ 10.28 µW

For Calculations you may want to use the appropriate sheet

[dBm] Loss [%]

DUT

0.0

<± 0.58 %

Measurement Uncertainty

-30 -27 ________ _______

<± 0.58 %

-30 -37 ________ _______ <± 0.63 %

-40 -37 ________ _______ <± 0.63 %

-40 -47 ________ _______ <± 1.08 %

-50 -47 ________ _______ <± 1.08%

-50 -57 ________ _______ <± 5.59 %

III Noise Test

[pW]

_______ < 100 pW

IV Return Loss Test

[dB]

50 dB < _______

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 69

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81624B

Page 1 of 3

Model Agilent 81624B Optical Head_ Date ___________

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81624B Test Equipment Used

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1a2 Lightwave Multimeter (DUT) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe Agilent 8164A/B ____________ ___________

2a Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

2b Interface Module Agilent 81619A ____________ ___________

3a CW Laser Source Agilent 81656A ____________ ___________

3b CW Laser Source Agilent 81657A ____________ ___________

4 CW Laser Source Agilent 81654A ____________ ___________

5a1 Opt. Head Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

5a2 Optical Head, Reference Agilent 81624A ____________ ___________

6 Sensor Module Agilent 81634A ____________ ___________

7 Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 ____________ ___________

8a Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 ____________ ___________

9 Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Singlemode Fibers 2 81101AC 1 81113SC 3 81113PC

1 81610CC

Connector Interfaces 3 81000AI 3 81000FI 4 81000SI

Connector Adapters 2 81000AA 1 81000SA 1 81000FA

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81624B

Page 3 of 3

Model Agilent 81624B Optical Head Report No.________ Date ________________

Tes t No. Test Description

IAccuracy Test

measured at _______ nm (1310nm) Output Power

measured at _______ nm (1550nm) Output Power

II Linearity Test

Range P

[dBm] P

DUT

+10 +9 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+10 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

0 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

0 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

-10 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

-10 -17 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

-20* -17* Reference

-20 -27 ________ _______

Min. Spec.

Result Max.

Spec.

[µW]

9.72 µW _______ 10.28 µW

For Calculations you may want to use the appropriate sheet

[dBm] Loss [%]

DUT

0.0

<± 0.46 %

Measurement Uncertainty

-30 -27 ________ _______

-30 -37 ________ _______

-40 -37 ________ _______

-40 -47 ________ _______

-50 -47 ________ _______

<± 0.46 %

<± 0.49 %

<± 0.71 %

-50 -57 ________ _______ <± 2.97 %

III Noise Test

[pW]

_______ < 5 pW

IV Return Loss Test

[dB]

typ. 60 dB _______

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 73

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81626B

Page 1 of 3

Model Agilent 81626B Optical Head_ Date ___________

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81626B Test Equipment Used

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1a2 Lightwave Multimeter (DUT) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe Agilent 8164A/B ____________ ___________

2a Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

2b Interface Module Agilent 81619A ____________ ___________

3a CW Laser Source Agilent 81656A ____________ ___________

3b CW Laser Source Agilent 81657A ____________ ___________

4 CW Laser Source Agilent 81654A ____________ ___________

5a1 Opt. Head Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

5a2 Optical Head, Reference Agilent 81624A ____________ ___________

6 Sensor Module Agilent 81634A ____________ ___________

7 Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 ____________ ___________

8a Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 ____________ ___________

9 Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Singlemode Fibers 2 81101AC 1 81113CC 3 81113PC

1 81610CC

Connector Interfaces 3 81000AI 3 81000FI 4 81000SI

Connector Adapters 2 81000AA 1 81000SA 1 81000FA

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81626B

Page 3 of 3

Model Agilent 81626B Optical Head Report No.________ Date ________________

Tes t No. Test Description

IAccuracy Test

measured at _______ nm (1310nm) Output Power

measured at _______ nm (1550nm) Output Power

II Linearity Test

Range P

[dBm] P

DUT

+20 +9 ________ _______ <± 1.29%

+10 +9 ________ _______ <± 0.93 %

+10 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.93 %

0 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.93 %

0 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.93 %

-10 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.93 %

-10 -17 ________ _______ <± 0.93 %

-20 -17 ________ _______

Min.

Spec. Result

Max.

Spec.

[µW]

9.64 µW _______ 10.36 µW

For Calculations you may want to use the appropriate sheet

[dBm] Loss [%]

DUT

<± 0.93 %

Measurement

Uncertainty

[1]

-20* -17* Reference

-20 -27 ________ _______

-30 -27 ________ _______

-30 -37 ________ _______

-40 -37 ________ _______

-40 -47 ________ _______

III Noise Test

0.0

[pW]

<± 0.93 %

<± 0.95 %

<± 1.18 %

<± 0.18 %

<± 3.43 %

_______ < 500 pW

IV Return Loss Test

[dB]

60 dB < _______

[1] The 20 dB range measurement is only performed to check the functionality of the current booster. The published specification does not apply to operation in non-automode as used here to check the functionality.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 77

Performance Tests Performance Tests

NOTE The nonlinearity of the 81626B is not usually tested to the specified

power level of +27 dBm. Instead, limited testing up to +9 dBm is used to test the electronic circuitry of the 81626B. Above +9 dBm the largest contribution to nonlinearity is from the absorbing glass filter (which is tested on a sample basis) that does not change its linearity with time. Thus it is guaranteed by design that testing the 81626B up to +9 dBm ensures specification compliance to +27 dBm

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81627B

Page 1 of 3

Model Agilent 81627B Optical Head_ Date ___________

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81627B Test Equipment Used

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1a2 Lightwave Multimeter (DUT) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe Agilent 8164A/B ____________ ___________

2a Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

2b Interface Module Agilent 81619A ____________ ___________

3a CW Laser Source Agilent 81656A ____________ ___________

3b CW Laser Source Agilent 81657A ____________ ___________

4 CW Laser Source Agilent 81654A ____________ ___________

5a1 Opt. Head Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

5a2 Optical Head, Reference Agilent 81624A ____________ ___________

6 Sensor Module Agilent 81634A ____________ ___________

7 Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 ____________ ___________

8a Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 ____________ ___________

9 Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Singlemode Fibers 1 81101AC 1 81113SC 3 81113PC

1 81610CC 1 81101PC

Connector Interfaces 3 81000AI 3 81000FI 4 81000SI

Connector Adapters 2 81000FA 1 81001SA 1 81001FA

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81627B

Page 3 of 3

Model Agilent 81627B Optical Head Report No.________ Date ________________

Tes t No. Test Description

IAccuracy Test

measured at _______ nm (1310nm) Output Power

measured at _______ nm (1550nm) Output Power

II Linearity Test

Range P

[dBm] P

DUT

+10 +9 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+10 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

0 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

0 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

-10 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

-10 -17 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

-20* -17* Reference

-20 -27 ________ _______

Min. Spec.

Result Max.

Spec.

[µW]

9.69 µW _______ 10.31 µW

For Calculations you may want to use the appropriate sheet

[dBm] Loss [%]

DUT

0.0

<± 0.46 %

Measurement Uncertainty

-30 -27 ________ _______

-30 -37 ________ _______

-40 -37 ________ _______

-40 -47 ________ _______

-50 -47 ________ _______

<± 0.46 %

<± 0.49 %

-50 -57 ________ _______ <± 0.71 %

III Noise Test

[pW]

_______ < 5 pW

IV Return Loss Test

[dB]

60 dB < _______

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Performance Tests Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Agilent 81628B

Page 1 of 3

Model Agilent 81628B Optical Head_ Date ___________

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81628B Test Equipment Used

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1a2 Lightwave Multimeter (DUT) Agilent 8163A/B ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe Agilent 8164A/B ____________ ___________

2a Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

2b Interface Module Agilent 81619A ____________ ___________

3a CW Laser Source Agilent 81656A ____________ ___________

3b CW Laser Source Agilent 81657A ____________ ___________

4 CW Laser Source Agilent 81654A ____________ ___________

5a1 Opt. Head Interface Module Agilent 81618A ____________ ___________

5a2 Optical Head, Reference Agilent 81624A ____________ ___________

6 Sensor Module Agilent 81634A ____________ ___________

7 Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #221 ____________ ___________

8a Optical Attenuator Agilent 8156A #101 ____________ ___________

9 Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Singlemode Fibers 2 81101AC 1 81113SC 3 81113PC

1 81610CC

Connector Interfaces 3 81000AI 3 81000FI 4 81000SI

Connector Adapters 2 81000AA 1 81000SA 1 81000FA

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Performance Test for the Agilent 81628B

Page 3 of 3

Model Agilent 81628B Optical Head Report No.________ Date ________________

Te st No. Test Description

I Linearity Test (without sphere)

Range P

+40 +9 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+40 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+30 +3 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+30 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+20 -7 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+20 -17 ________ _______ <± 0.46 %

+10* -17* Reference

+10 -27 ________ _______

0 -27 ________ _______

0 -37 ________ _______

-10 -37 ________ _______

-10 -47 ________ _______

[dBm] P

DUT

Min. Spec.

For Calculations you may want to use the appropriate sheet

[dBm] Loss [%]

DUT

Result Max.

0.0

Spec.

<± 0.46 %

<± 0.49 %

Measurement

Uncertainty

-20 -47 ________ _______

-20 -57 ________ _______ <± 0.71 %

II Accuracy Test (with sphere)

measured at _______ nm (1310nm) Output Power

measured at _______ nm (1550nm) Output Power

III Noise Test

[µW]

9.64 µW _______ 10.36 µW

[pW]

_______ < 5 nW

<± 0.49 %

84 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Performance Tests Performance Tests

Calculation Sheets

Table 7 Calculation Sheet for Linearity Measurement (81623B, 81624B, 81627B,

81628B)

Your Entries

n REF Power

[dBm]

1 2

3 4 5

6 7 8

9 10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17 18

19 20

DUT Power

[dBm]

Conversion [dBm] → [mW]

Calculation as given Calculation as given

Ref / R DUT / D Relation1 / A

[mW] [mW]

= R

n+1/Rn

Relation2 / B

= D

n/Dn+1

Non-Linearity

= An*Bn (NL

[%]

n+1

Reference Level 0.00

n-1

n±1

+1) - 1



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Performance Tests Performance Tests

Table 8 Calculation Sheet for Linearity Measurement (81622B, 81626B)

Your Entries

n REF Power

[dBm]

1 2

3 4 5

6 7 8

11 12

13 14 15

16 17 18

19 20

DUT Power

[dBm]

Conversion [dBm] → [mW]

Calculation as given Calculation as given

Ref / R DUT / D Relation1 / A

[mW] [mW]

= R

n+1/Rn

Relation2 / B

= D

n/Dn+1

Non-Linearity

= An*Bn (NL

[%]

n+1

Reference Level 0.00

n-1

n±1

+1) - 1



86 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Cleaning Information

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 87

Cleaning Information

The following Cleaning Information contains some general safety

precautions, which must be observed during all phases of cleaning.

Consult your specific optical device manuals or guides for full

information on safety matters.

Please try, whenever possible, to use physically contacting connectors, and dry connections. Clean the connectors, interfaces, and bushings carefully after use.

If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device, we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device.

Agilent Technologies assume no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

88 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Cleaning Instructions for this Device Cleaning Information

Cleaning Instructions for this Device

This Cleaning Information applies to a number of different types of Optical Equipment.

Sections of particularly relevance to the following devices are crossreferenced below.

81000xA Optical Head Adapters

When using optical head adapters, periodically inspect the optical head's front window (see “How to clean connector adapters” on page 98 for cleaning procedures). Dust and metal particles can be propelled through the adapter's pinhole while inserting the connector ferrule into the receptacle. These dirt particles collect on the head's front window and, if not removed, can lead to incorrect measurement results.

8162xx Optical Power Heads

Periodically inspect the optical head's front window for dust and other particles (see “How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate” on page 101 for cleaning procedures). These can be propelled through the optical head adapter's pinhole while inserting a connector ferrule into the receptacle. Particles on the optical head's front window can significantly impair measurement results.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 89

Cleaning Information Safety Precautions

Safety Precautions

Please follow the following safety r ules:

• Do not remove instrument covers when operating.

• Ensure that the instrument is switched off throughout the cleaning

procedures.

• Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other

than those specified may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

• Make sure that you disable all sources when you are cleaning any

optical interfaces.

• Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical device

attached to optical outputs when the device is operational. The

laser radiation is not visible to the human eye, but it can seriously

damage your eyesight.

• To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from the

mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth, or one slightly dampened

with water, to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean

internally.

• Do not install parts or perform any unauthorized modification to

optical devices.

• Refer servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel.

Why is it important to clean optical devices?

In transmission links optical fiber cores are about 9 µm (0.00035") in diameter. Dust and other particles, however, can range from tenths to hundredths of microns in diameter. Their comparative size means that they can cover a part of the end of a fiber core, and as a result will reduce the performance of your system.

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What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Information

Furthermore, the power density may burn dust into the fiber and cause additional damage (for example, 0 dBm optical power in a single mode fiber causes a power density of approximately 16 million W/m If this happens, measurements become inaccurate and non-repeatable.

Cleaning is, therefore, an essential yet difficult task. Unfortunately, when comparing most published cleaning recommendations, you will discover that they contain several inconsistencies. In this section, we want to suggest ways to help you clean your various optical devices, and thus significantly improve the accuracy and repeatability of your lightwave measurements.

What do I need for proper cleaning?

Some Standard Cleaning Equipment is necessary for cleaning your instrument. For certain cleaning procedures, you may also require certain Additional Cleaning Equipment.

Standard Cleaning Equipment

Before you can start your cleaning procedure you need the following

standard equipment:

• Dust and shutter caps

•Isopropyl alcohol

• Cotton swabs

• Soft tissues

• Pipe cleaner

•Compressed air

Dust and shutter caps

All of Agilent Technologies’ lightwave instruments are delivered with either laser shutter caps or dust caps on the lightwave adapter. Any cables come with covers to protect the cable ends from damage or contamination.

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Cleaning Information What do I need for proper cleaning?

We suggest these protective coverings should be kept on the equipment at all times, except when your optical device is in use. Be careful when replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom of the cap onto the fiber too hard, as any dust in the cap can scratch or pollute your fiber surface.

If you need further dust caps, please contact your nearest Agilent Technologies sales office.

Isopropyl alcohol

This solvent is usually available from any local pharmaceutical supplier or chemist's shop.

If you use isopropyl alcohol to clean your optical device, do not immediately dry the surface with compressed air (except when you are cleaning very sensitive optical devices). This is because the dust and the dirt is solved and will leave behind filmy deposits after the alcohol is evaporated. You should therefore first remove the alcohol and the dust with a soft tissue, and then use compressed air to blow away any remaining filaments.

If possible avoid using denatured alcohol containing additives. Instead, apply alcohol used for medical purposes.

Never drink this alcohol, as it may seriously damage your health.

Do not use any other solvents, as some may damage plastic materials and claddings. Acetone, for example, will dissolve the epoxy used with fiber optic connectors. To avoid damage, only use isopropyl alcohol.

Cotton swabs

We recommend that you use swabs such as Q-tips or other cotton swabs normally available from local distributors of medical and hygiene products (for example, a supermarket or a chemist's shop). You may be able to obtain various sizes of swab. If this is the case, select the smallest size for your smallest devices.

Ensure that you use natural cotton swabs. Foam swabs will often leave behind filmy deposits after cleaning.

Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing too hard onto your optical device with the swab. Too much pressure may scratch the surface, and could cause your device to become misaligned. It is advisable to rub gently over the surface using only a small circular movement.

Swabs should be used straight out of the packet, and never used twice. This is because dust and dirt in the atmosphere, or from a first cleaning, may collect on your swab and scratch the surface of your optical device.

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What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Information

Soft tissues

These are available from most stores and distributors of medical and hygiene products such as supermarkets or chemists' shops.

We recommend that you do not use normal cotton tissues, but multilayered soft tissues made from non-recycled cellulose. Cellulose tissues are very absorbent and softer. Consequently, they will not scratch the surface of your device over time.

Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing on your optical device with the tissue. Pressing too hard may lead to scratches on the surface or misalignment of your device. Just rub gently over the surface using a small circular movement.

Use only clean, fresh soft tissues and never apply them twice. Any dust and dirt from the air which collects on your tissue, or which has gathered after initial cleaning, may scratch and pollute your optical device.

Pipe cleaner

Pipe cleaners can be purchased from tobacconists, and come in various shapes and sizes.The most suitable one to select for cleaning purposes has soft bristles, which will not produces scratches.

There are many different kinds of pipe cleaner available from tobacco nists.

The best way to use a pipe cleaner is to push it in and out of the device opening (for example, when cleaning an interface). While you are cleaning, you should slowly rotate the pipe cleaner.

Only use pipe cleaners on connector interfaces or on feed through adapters. Do not use them on optical head adapters, as the center of a pipe cleaner is hard metal and can damage the bottom of the adapter.

Your pipe cleaner should be new when you use it. If it has collected any dust or dirt, this can scratch or contaminate your device.

The tip and center of the pipe cleaner are made of metal. Avoid accidentally pressing these metal parts against the inside of the device, as this can cause scratches.

Compressed air

Compressed air can be purchased from any laboratory supplier.

It is essential that your compressed air is free of dust, water and oil. Only use clean, dry air. If not, this can lead to filmy deposits or scratches on the surface of your connector. This will reduce the performance of your transmission system.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 93

Cleaning Information What do I need for proper cleaning?

When spraying compressed air, hold the can upright. If the can is held at a slant, propellant could escape and dirty your optical device. First spray into the air, as the initial stream of compressed air could contain some condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy deposit.

Please be friendly to your environment and use a CFC-free aerosol.

Additional Cleaning Equipment

Some Cleaning Procedures need the following equipment, which is not

required to clean each instrument:

• Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X

•Ultrasonic bath

• Warm water and liquid soap

• Premoistened cleaning wipes

•Polymer film

• Infrared Sensor Card

Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X

A microscope can be found in most photography stores, or can be obtained through or specialist mail order companies. Special fiberscopes are available from suppliers of splicing equipment.

Ideally, the light source on your microscope should be very flexible. This will allow you to examine your device closely and from different angles.

A microscope helps you to estimate the type and degree of dirt on your device. You can use a microscope to choose an appropriate cleaning method, and then to examine the results. You can also use your microscope to judge whether your optical device (such as a connector) is severely scratched and is, therefore, causing inaccurate measurements.

Ultrasonic bath

Ultrasonic baths are also available from photography or laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies.

An ultrasonic bath will gently remove fat and other stubborn dirt from your optical devices. This helps increase the life span of the optical devices.

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What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Information

Only use isopropyl alcohol in your ultrasonic bath, as other solvents may cause damage.

Warm water and liquid soap

Only use water if you are sure that there is no other way of cleaning your optical device without causing corrosion or damage. Do not use hot water, as this may cause mechanical stress, which can damage your optical device.

Ensure that your liquid soap has no abrasive properties or perfume in it. You should also avoid normal washing up liquid, as it can cover your device in an iridescent film after it has been air dried.

Some lenses and mirrors also have a special coating, which may be sensitive to mechanical stress, or to fat and liquids. For this reason we recommend you do not touch them.

If you are not sure how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor.

Premoistened cleaning wipes

Use pre-moistened cleaning wipes as described in each individual cleaning procedure. Cleaning wipes may be used in every instance where a moistened soft tissue or cotton swab is applied.

Polymer film

Polymer film is available from laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies.

Using polymer film is a gentle method of cleaning extremely sensitive devices, such as reference reflectors and mirrors.

Infrared Sensor Card

Infrared sensor cards are available from laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies.

With this card you are able to control the shape of laser light emitted. The invisible laser beam is projected onto the sensor card, then becomes visible to the normal eye as a round spot.

Take care never to look into the end of a fiber or any other optical component, when they are in use. This is because the laser can seriously damage your eyes.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 95

Cleaning Information Preserving Connectors

Preserving Connectors

Listed below are some hints on how best to keep your connectors in the best possible condition.

Making Connections Before you make any connection you must ensure that all cables and

connectors are clean. If they are dirty, use the appropriate cleaning procedure.

When inserting the ferrule of a patchcord into a connector or an adapter, make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter. Otherwise you will rub the fiber end against an unsuitable surface, producing scratches and dirt deposits on the surface of your fiber.

Dust Caps and Shutter Caps Be careful when replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom

of the cap onto the fiber as any dust in the cap can scratch or dirty your fiber surface.

Immersion Oil and Other Index

Matching Compounds

When you have finished cleaning, put the dust cap back on, or close the shutter cap if the equipment is not going to be used immediately.

Always keep the caps on the equipment when it is not in use.

All of Agilent Technologies’ lightwave instruments and accessories are shipped with either laser shutter caps or dust caps. If you need additional or replacement dust caps, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Office.

Wherever possible, do not use immersion oil or other index matching compounds with your device. They are liable to impair and dirty the surface of the device. In addition, the characteristics of your device can be changed and your measurement results affected.

Cleaning Instrument Housings

Use a dry and very soft cotton tissue to clean the instrument housing and the keypad. Do not open the instruments as there is a danger of electric shock, or electrostatic discharge. Opening the instrument can cause damage to sensitive components, and in addition your warranty will be voided.

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Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? Cleaning Information

Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ?

Light dirt If you just want to clean away light dirt, observe the following

procedure for all devices:

• Use compressed air to blow away large particles.

• Clean the device with a dry cotton swab.

• Use compressed air to blow away any remaining filament left by the

swab.

Heavy dirt If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument, follow

one of the procedures below. Please consult “Cleaning Instructions for this Device” on page 89 for the procedure relevant for this

instrument.

If you are unsure of how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor

How to clean connectors

Cleaning connectors is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber is only about 9 µm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or scratches on the surface. To be certain of the condition of the surface of your connector and to check it after cleaning, you need a microscope.

In the case of scratches, or of dust that has been burnt onto the surface of the connector, you may have no option but to polish the connector. This depends on the degree of dirtiness, or the depth of the scratches. This is a difficult procedure and should only be performed by a skilled person, and as a last resort as it wears out your connector.

WARNING Never look into the end of an optical cable that is connected to an

active source.

To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the output of the connector. The invisible emitted light is projected onto the card and becomes visible as a small circular spot.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 97

Cleaning Information Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ?

Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.

1 Clean the connector by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the

surface using a small circular movement.

2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the connector:

1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol.

2 Clean the connector by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface

using a small circular movement.

3 Take a new, dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved

sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small

circular movement.

4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

An Alternative Procedure A better, more gentle, but more expensive cleaning procedure is to use

an ultrasonic bath with isopropyl alcohol.

1 Hold the tip of the connector in the bath for at least three minutes.

2 Take a new, dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved

sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small

circular movement.

3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

How to clean connector adapters

CAUTION Some adapters have an anti-reflection coating on the back to reduce

back reflection. This coating is extremely sensitive to solvents and mechanical abrasion. Extra care is needed when cleaning these adapters.

Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.

1 Clean the adapter by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the

surface using a small circular movement.

2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the adapter:

1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol.

2 Clean the adapter by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using

a small circular movement.

98 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? Cleaning Information

3 Take a new, dry soft tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved

sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small

circular movement.

4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

How to clean connector interfaces

CAUTION Be careful when using pipe cleaners, as the core and the bristles of the

pipe cleaner are hard and can damage the interface.

Do not use pipe cleaners on optical head adapters, as the hard core of normal pipe cleaners can damage the bottom of an adapter.

Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.

1 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe cleaner

into the opening. Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this.

2 Then clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the

surface using a small circular movement.

3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the interface:

1 Moisten a new pipe cleaner with isopropyl alcohol.

2 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling the pipe cleaner into the

opening. Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this.

3 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol.

4 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface

using a small circular movement.

5 Using a new, dry pipe cleaner, and a new, dry cotton swab remove

the alcohol, any dissolved sediment and dust.

6 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

How to clean bare fiber adapters

Bare fiber adapters are difficult to clean. Protect from dust unless they are in use.

CAUTION Never use any kind of solvent when cleaning a bare fiber adapter as

solvents can:

• Damage the foam inside some adapters.

Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition 99

Cleaning Information Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ?

• Deposit dissolved dirt in the groove, which can then dirty the

surface of an inserted fiber.

Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.

1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the adapter:

1 Clean the adapter by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe cleaner

into the opening. Rotate the pipe cleaner slowly as you do this.

CAUTION Be careful when using pipe cleaners, as the core and the bristles of

the pipe cleaner are hard and can damage the adapter.

2 Clean the adapter by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the

surface using a small circular movement.

3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

How to clean lenses

Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents, grease, liquid and mechanical abrasion. Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these coatings.

Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed. Therefore, use as little alcohol as possible, as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection.

Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.

1 Clean the lens by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface

using a small circular movement.

2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the lens:

1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol.

2 Clean the lens by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a

small circular movement.

3 Using a new, dry cotton swab remove the alcohol, any dissolved

sediment and dust.

4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

100 Agilent 81618A/9A and Agilent 81622B/3B/4B/6B/7B/8B User’s Guide, Second Edition

Atec Agilent-81618A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Considerations

Safety Symbols

Input Power Limitations

Initial Inspection

Line Power Requirements

Operating Environment

Storage and Shipment

Table of Contents

Getting Started with Optical Heads

What is an Optical Head?

Analog Output

Optical input

Heat Sink for 81628B optical Head

Attaching the heat sink to the 81628B Optical Head

Accessories

Modules and Options

Connector Adapters - Reference List

Specifications

Definition of Terms

Averaging Time

Linearity

Linewidth

Noise

Power range

Reference conditions

Relative uncertainty (spectral ripple) due to interference

Relative uncertainty due to speckle noise

Relative uncertainty due to polarization

Return loss

Spectral width of optical source

Total unce rtai nty

Uncertainty at reference conditions

Wavelength range

Optical Head Specifications

Supplementary Performance Characteristics

Analog Output

Performance Tests

Equipment Required

Test Record

Test Failure

Instrument Specification

Functional Tests

Performance Tests

For 81628B only

Accuracy Test

Linearity Test

Noise Test

Return Loss Test

Relative Uncertainty due to Polarization (Optional Test)

Relative Uncertainty due to Interference (Optional Test)

Calculation Sheets

Cleaning Information

Cleaning Instructions for this Device

81000xA Optical Head Adapters

8162xx Optical Power Heads

Safety Precautions

Why is it important to clean optical devices?

What do I need for proper cleaning?

Standard Cleaning Equipment

Additional Cleaning Equipment

Preserving Connectors

Cleaning Instrument Housings

How to clean connectors

How to clean connector adapters

How to clean connector interfaces

How to clean bare fiber adapters

How to clean lenses