Features ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Geing Started ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Mounting the STM23R ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
Connecting the Power Supply ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
Choosing a Power Supply.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Voltage ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Current ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Connection Examples: STEP & DIR .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Connection Examples: EN .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Connecting the Digital Output ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16
Using the Optional Encoder ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17
Conguring the STM23R ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Step 1: Seing the Current ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Step 2: Seing Idle Current .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Self Test ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Maximum Duty Cycle ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
Power Consumption ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Power Dissipation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27
Mating Connectors and Accessories ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................35
ank you for selecting an Applied Motion Products motor control. We hope our dedication to performance,
quality and economy will make your motion control project successful.
If there’s anything we can do to improve our products or help you use them beer, please call or fax. We’d like
to hear from you. Our phone number is (800) 525-1609. You can also email support@applied-motion.com.
Features
• Low cost, digital step motor+driver in a compact package
• Operates from Step & Direction signals or Step CW & Step CCW (switch selectable)
• Enable input
• Fault output
• Optically isolated I/O
• Digital lters prevent position error from electrical noise on command signals
• Electronic damping and anti-resonance
• Switch selctable running current: 50%, 70%, 90% or 100% of rated current.
• Automatic idle current reduction to reduce heat when motor is not moving. Switch selectable: 50% or 90%
e connectors and other points of interest are illustrated below. ese are detailed later in the manual.
Choosing a Power Supply
for
5
Page 6
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STM23R Hardware Manual
Mounting the STM23R
You can mount your motor+drive using four #6 or #8 screws. If possible, the motor+drive should be securely
fastened to a smooth, at metal surface that will help conduct heat away from the motor. If this is not possible,
then forced airow from a fan may be required to prevent the STM23R from overheating. See page 24 for
more details about heating.
• Never use your motor+drive in a space where there is no air ow or where other devices cause
the surrounding air to be more than 40°C.
• Never put the STM23R where it can get wet or where metal or other electrically conductive particles can get on the circuitry.
• Always provide air ow around the drive. When mounting multiple STM23R’s near each other,
maintain at least one half inch of space between them.
6
Page 7
STM23R Hardware Manual
!
Connecting the Power Supply
920-0056C
5/5/2015
If you need information about choosing a power supply, please read the section
Choosing a Power Supply
.
• Connect the power supply “+” terminal to the connector terminal labeled
“V+”.
• Connect power supply “-” to the connector terminal labeled “V-”.
• Use 18-20 gauge stranded wire.
S/RSETUP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
STEP+
STEP
DIR+
DIR
EN+
EN
OUT+
OUT
V-
+
V
-
-
e STM23R contains an internal fuse that connects to the power supply +
terminal. is fuse is not user replaceable. If you want to install a user serviceable fuse in your system install a fast acting 4 amp fuse in line with the + power supply lead.
Be careful not to reverse the wires. Reverse connection will destroy your drive, void your
warranty and generally wreck your day.
If you plan to use a regulated power supply you may encounter a problem with regeneration. If you rapidly
decelerate a load from a high speed, much of the kinetic energy of that load is transferred back to the power
supply. is can trip the overvoltage protection of a switching power supply, causing it to shut down. We oer
the RC-050 “regeneration clamp” to solve this problem. If in doubt, buy an RC-050 for your rst installation. If
the “regen” LED on the RC-050 never ashes, you don’t need the clamp.
regen LED
RC-050 Regen Clamp
7
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STM23R Hardware Manual
Choosing a Power Supply
When choosing a power supply, there are many things to consider. If you are manufacturing equipment that
will be sold to others, you probably want a supply with all the safety agency approvals. If size and weight are an
issue get a switching supply.
And you must decide what size of power supply (in terms of voltage and current) is needed for your application.
Applied Motion oers two power supplies that are excellent matches for the STM23R: PS150A24 (24V, 6.3A)
and PS320A48 (48V, 6.7A).
Voltage
Your motor can provide more torque at higher speeds if a higher power supply voltage is used. Please consult
the speed-torque curves later in this manual for guidance.
If you choose an unregulated power supply, make sure the no load voltage of the supply does not exceed 70
volts DC
Current
e charts on the following pages list the maximum current required for each motor at several common power
supply voltages. Please consider this information when choosing a power supply.
Full load curves are abbrevi-
ated because of the speed limitation at lower voltages.
STM23R-2 12V Power Supply Current
Full Load
No Load
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
8
Page 9
STM23R Hardware Manual
1.00
920-0056C
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STM23R-2 24V Power Supply Current
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
Amps
1.00
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
Full Load
No Load
STM23R-2 48V Power Supply Current
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
Full Load
No Load
9
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STM23R Hardware Manual
STM23R-2 70V Power Supply Current
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
Full Load
No Load
STM23R-3 12V Power Supply Current
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
10
Full Load
No Load
Page 11
STM23R Hardware Manual
920-0056C
5/5/2015
STM23R-3 24V Power Supply Current
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
Full Load
No Load
STM23R-3 48V Power Supply Current
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
Full Load
No Load
11
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STM23R Hardware Manual
STM23R-3 70V Power Supply Current
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
Amps
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
Full Load
No Load
Regeneration
If you plan to use a regulated power supply you may encounter a problem with regeneration. If you rapidly
decelerate a load from a high speed, much of the kinetic energy of that load is transferred back to the power
supply. is can trip the overvoltage protection of a switching power supply, causing it to shut down. Unregulated power supplies are beer because they generally do not have overvoltage protection and have large
capacitors for storing energy coming back from the drive. ey are also less expensive. See previous section on
Note: STEP and DIR inputs can be converted to STEP CW and STEP CCW by moving switch #8 to the ON position. See Page 21.
Connector Pin Diagram
STEP+
S/RSETUP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
STEP
DIR+
DIR
EN+
EN
OUT+
OUT
V-
+
V
Internal Circuit Diagram
1
-
-
STEP+
2
STEP-
3
220 pF
DIR+
-
4
DIR-
5
220 pF
EN+
6
220 pF
EN-
7
OUT+
8
OUT-
inside drive
13
Page 14
920-0056C
STM23R
+V OUT
DIR+
DIR DIR-
STEP+
STEP STEP-
Indexer
with
Sinking
Outputs
STM23R
COM
DIR-
DIR DIR+
STEP-
STEP STEP+
Indexer
with
Sourcing
Outputs
STM23R
Switch or Relay
(closed = logic Low)
EN-
EN+
5-24
VDC
Power
Supply
-
+
5/5/2015
Connection Examples: STEP & DIR
Connecting to indexer with Sourcing Outputs
STM23R Hardware Manual
Indexer
with
Differential
Outputs
Connection Examples: EN
Connecting to Indexer with Sinking Outputs
DIR+
DIR+
DIR-DIR-
STEP+
STEP-
Connecting to Indexer with Dierential Outputs
(Many High Speed Indexers have Dierential Outputs)
STEP+
STEP-
STM23R
Connecting an Input to a Switch or Relay
14
Page 15
STM23R Hardware Manual
STM23R
EN-
EN+
Drive with digital
output
OUT+
OUT–
5-24
VDC
Power
Supply
-
+
STM23R
NPN
Proximity
Sensor
EN-
EN+
output
+
–
5-24
VDC
Power
Supply
-
+
STM23R
PNP
Proximity
Sensor
EN+
output
+
–
EN-
5-24
VDC
Power
Supply
-
+
Connecting another drive to EN
(When output closes, input closes)
Connecting an NPN Type Proximity Sensor to an input
(When prox sensor activates, input closes)
920-0056C
5/5/2015
Connecting a PNP Type Proximity Sensor to an input
(When prox sensor activates, input closes)
15
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920-0056C
STM23R
5-24 VDC
Power Supply
+ –
Load
OUT-
OUT+
STM23R
5-24 VDC
Power Supply
+–
Load
OUT-
OUT+
STM23R
OUT-
OUT+
1N4935 suppression diode
5-24 VDC
Power Supply
+ –
relay
5/5/2015
STM23R Hardware Manual
Connecting the Digital Output
e STM23R features a digital output labelled “OUT”. is output closes to signal
a fault condition.
is output can be used to drive LEDs, relays and the inputs of other electronic
devices like PLCs. e “+” (collector) and “-” (emier) terminals of the output transistor are available at the connector. is allows you to congure the output for current sourcing or sinking.
Diagrams of each type of connection follow.
OUT+
OUT-
Do not connect the output to more than 30VDC.
!
e current through the output terminal must not exceed 80 mA.
Sinking Output
Sourcing Output
Driving a Relay
16
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STM23R Hardware Manual
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Using the Optional Encoder
e STM23R-2NE and STM23R-3NE each come with a 1000-line, incremental encoder assembled to the rear
sha of the unit. e A, B and Index (Z) channel signals of this encoder can be connected back to the external
controller for position verication and enhanced performance, depending on the features of the controller. To
facilitate connecting the encoder signals to your external controller you should purchase cable part number
3004-263.
Incremental encoder specications:
• 10-pin connector provides the following signals (pin assignments): Ground (1, 2), Index− (3), Index+ (4),
• A− (5), A+ (6), +5VDC power (7, 8), B− (9) and B+ (10).
• Power supply requirements: 5 VDC at 56 mA typical, 59 mA max.
• e encoder’s internal dierential line driver (26C31) can source and sink 20 mA at TTL levels. e recom-
mended receiver is industry standard 26C32.
• Maximum noise immunity is achieved when the dierential receiver is terminated with a 110-ohm resistor in
series with a .0047 microfarad capacitor placed across each dierential pair. e capacitor simply conserves
power; otherwise power consumption would increase by approximately 20mA per pair, or 60mA for 3
pairs.
• If making your own cable to connect the encoder signals to your controller, we recommend using a shielded
cable with four or ve twisted pairs for improved noise immunity.
• Max encoder frequency is 100,000 cycles per second.
PIN 1
PIN 2
17
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920-0056C
3
50%
3
90%
5/5/2015
Conguring the STM23R
Step 1: Seing the Current
To achieve maximum torque, you should set the current to 100%. But under some conditions you may want to
reduce the current to save power or lower motor temperature. is is important if the motor is not mounted to
a surface that will help it dissipate heat or if the ambient temperature is expected to be high.
Step motors produce torque in direct proportion to current, but the amount of heat generated is roughly
proportional to the square of the current. If you operate the motor at 90% of rated current, you’ll get 90% of
the rated torque. But the motor will produce approximately 81% as much heat. At 70% current, the torque is
reduced to 70% and the heating to about 50%.
Two of the small switches on the front of the STM23R are used to set the percent of rated current that will be
applied to the motor: SW1 and SW2. Please set them according to the illustration below.
STM23R Hardware Manual
12
100%
Step 2: Seing Idle Current
Motor heating and power consumption can also be reduced by lowering the motor current when it is not moving. e STM23R will automatically lower the motor current when it is idle to either 50% or 90% of the running
current. e 50% idle current seing will lower the holding torque to 50%, which is enough to prevent the load
from moving in most applications. is reduces motor heating by 75%. In some applications, such as those supporting a vertical load, it is necessary to provide a high holding torque. In such cases, the idle current can be set
to 90% as shown.
12
90%
12
70%
12
50%
18
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STM23R Hardware Manual
Step 3: Load Inertia
e STM23R includes anti-resonance and electronic damping features which greatly improve motor performance. To perform optimally, the drive must understand the electromechanical characteristics of the motor
and load. Most of this is done automatically when the motor and drive are assembled at the factory. To further
enhance performance, you must set a switch to indicate the approximate inertia ratio of the load and motor.
e ranges are 0 to 4X and 5 to 10X. Please divide your load inertia by the STM23R rotor inertia (82 g-cm2) to
determine the ratio, then set switch 7 accordingly, as shown. For assistance in calculating the load inertia of your
application contact our Applications department.
5/5/2015
7
5-10X
Step 4: Step Size
e STM23R requires a source of step pulses to command motion. is may be a PLC, an indexer, a motion
controller or another type of device. e only requirement is that the device be able to produce step pulses
whose frequency is in proportion to the desired motor speed, and be able to smoothly ramp the step speed
up and down to produce smooth motor acceleration and deceleration.
Smaller step sizes result in smoother motion and more precise speed, but also require a higher step pulse frequency to achieve maximum speed. e smallest step size is 1/25,000th of a motor turn. To command a motor
speed of 50 revolutions per second (3000 rpm) the step pulses frequency must be 50 x 25,000 = 1.25 MHz.
Many motion devices, especially PLCs cannot provide step pulses at such a high speed. If so, the drive must be
set for a lower number of steps per revolution. Sixteen dierent seings are provided, as shown in the table on
the following page.
Please choose the one that best matches the capability of your system.
7
0-4X
19
Page 20
920-0056C
1234
200
1234
400
1234
800
1234
1600
1234
3200
1234
6400
1234
12800
1234
25600
1234
1000
1234
2000
1234
4000
1234
5000
1234
8000
1234
10000
1234
20000
1234
25000
5/5/2015
STM23R Hardware Manual
20
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920-0056C
6
ON
6
OFF
SMOOTHING
STM23R Hardware Manual
At lower step resolutions such as 200 steps/ rev (full step) and 400 steps/rev (half step),
motors run a lile rough and produce more audible noise than when they are microstepped (2000 steps/rev and beyond). e STM23R includes a feature called “microstep emulation”, also called “step smoothing”, that can provide smooth motion from
coarse command signals. If you set switch 6 to the ON position, this feature is automatically employed to provide the smoothest possible motion from a less than ideal signal
source.
Because a command lter is used as part of the step smoothing process, there will be a
slight delay, or “lag” in the motion. e graph below shows an example of the delay that can occur from using
the step smoothing lter.
5/5/2015
Step 5: Step Pulse Type
Most indexers and motion controllers provide motion commands in the “Step and Direction” format. e Step
signal pulses once for each motor step and the direction signal commands direction. However, a few PLCs use
a dierent type of command signal: one signal pulses once for each desired step in the clockwise direction
(called STEP CW ), while a second signal pulses for counterclockwise motion (STEP CCW). e STM23R can
accept this type of signal if you adjust switch 8 as shown in the digram. In STEP CW/STEP CCW mode, the CW
signal should be connected to the STEP input and the CCW signal to the DIR input.
21
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920-0056C
5
150
KHZ
5
2.0
MHZ
5/5/2015
STM23R Hardware Manual
8
STEP CW/
STEP CCW
Step 6: Step Pulse Noise Filter
Just when you thought there couldn’t be any more to know about step signals, we present one more seing for
your consideration. Electrical noise can aect the STEP signal in a negative way, causing the drive to think that
one step pulse is two or more pulses. is results in extra motion and inaccurate motor
and load positioning. To combat this problem, the STM23R includes a digital noise lter
on the STEP and DIR inputs. e default factory seing of this lter is150 kHz, which
works well for most applications. is is set by moving switch 5 to the ON position.
However, as discussed in Step 4, if you are operating the STM23R at a high number
of steps/rev and at high motor speeds, you will be commanding the drive at step rates
above 150 kHz. In such cases, you should set switch 5 to the OFF position as shown
below.
8
STEP/
DIR
Your maximum pulse rate will be the highest motor speed times the steps/rev. For example, 40 revs/second at
20,000 steps/rev is 40 x 20,000 = 800 kHz. Please consider this when deciding if you must increase the lter
frequency.
Self Test
If you are having trouble geing your motor to turn, you may want to try the built-in self test. Anytime switch 4
is moved to the ON position, the drive will automatically rotate the motor back and forth, two and a half turns
in each direction. is feature can be used to conrm that the motor is correctly wired, selected and otherwise
operational.
4
ON
4
OFF
SELF TEST
22
Page 23
STM23R Hardware Manual
120
80
40
0
Reference Materials
Torque-Speed Curves
920-0056C
5/5/2015
STM23R-2 Torque at 5A/phase
140
100
oz-in)
60
Torque (
20
01020304050
STM23R-3 Torque at 5A/phase
12V24V48V70V
Speed (RPS)
12V24V48V70V
250
200
150
100
Torque (oz-in)
50
0
01020304050
Speed (RPS)
23
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STM23R Hardware Manual
Heating
Step motors convert electrical power from the driver into mechanical power to move a load. Because step motors are not perfectly ecient, some of the electrical power turns into heat on its way through the motor. is
heating is not so much dependent on the load being driven but rather the motor speed and power supply voltage. ere are certain combinations of speed and voltage at which a motor cannot be continuously operated
without damage.
e drive electronics of the STM23R also disspate power. e heat produced by the electronics is dependent
on power supply voltage and motor speed.
We have characterized the STM23R in our lab and provided curves showing the maximum duty cycle versus
speed for each motor at commonly used power supply voltages. Please refer to these curves when planning
your application. Charts depicting typical power disspation are also provided for use in planning the thermal
design of your application.
Please also keep in mind that a step motor typically reaches maximum temperature aer 30 to 45 minutes of
operation. If you run the motor for one minute then let it sit idle for one minute, that is a 50% duty cycle. Five
minutes on and ve minutes o is also 50% duty. However, one hour on and one hour o has the eect of
100% duty because during the rst hour the motor will reach full (and possibly excessive) temperature.
e actual temperature of the motor depends on how much heat is conducted, convected or radiated out of
it. Our measurements were made in a 40°C (104°F) environment with the motor mounted to an aluminum plate
sized to provide a surface area consistent with the motor power dissipation. Your results may vary.
2.5 to 5.0 amps/phase peak of sine (four seings via DIP switches)
Optically isolated, 5 - 24V logic. Sourcing, sinking or dierential signals can be used. Drive
steps on falling edge of STEP+ input.
Minimum “on” voltage: 4 VDC.
Maximum voltage: 30 VDC.
Input current: 5 mA typ at 4V, 15 mA typ at 30V.
Maximum pulse frequency: 150 kHz or 2 MHz (switch selectable)
Minimum pulse width:
3 usec (at 150 kHz seing)
0.25 usec (at 2 MHz seing)
Fault Output
Physical
Photodarlington, 80 mA, 30 VDC max. Voltage drop: 1.2V max at 80 mA.
STM23R-2:
Size: 2.22 x 3.35 x 3.35 inches (56.4 x 85 x 85 mm), not including pilot or sha.
0.25 inch sha with at.
Weight: 30 oz (850 g)
Rotor inertia: 3.68 x 10-3 oz-in-sec2 (260 g-cm2).
STM23R-3:
Size: 2.22 x 3.35 x 4.21 inches (56.4 x 85 x 107 mm), not including pilot or sha.
0.25 inch sha with at.
Weight: 42 oz (1200 g)
Rotor inertia: 6.52 x 10-3 oz-in-sec2 (460 g-cm2).
Ambient temperature range: 0°C to 40°C.
34
Page 35
STM23R Hardware Manual
Mating Connectors and Accessories
Mating Connector
11 pin screw terminal connector, 3.5mm pitch, included with drive.
Connector part number: Weidmuller 1610200000
Wire gauge: AWG18-20.
In the event of a drive fault or alarm, the green LED will ash one or two times, followed by a series of red ashes. e
paern repeats until the alarm is cleared.
Code Error
solid green no alarm, motor disabled
flashing green no alarm, motor enabled
flashing red configuration or memory error
3 red, 1 green drive overheating
3 red, 2 green internal voltage out of range
4 red, 1 green power supply voltage too high
4 red, 2 green power supply voltage too low
5 red, 1 green over current / short circuit
6 red, 1 green open motor winding
STEP+
STEP
S/RSETUP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
DIR+
DIR
EN+
EN
OUT+
OUT
V-
+
V
-
-
-
-
Connector Diagram
404 Westridge Drive Watsonville, CA 95076
Tel (831) 761-6555 (800) 525-1609 Fax (831) 761-6544
www.applied-motion.com
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