Apollo XP95 User Manual
XP95 ENGINEERING PRODUCT GUIDE
Ionisation Smoke Detector
Optical Smoke Detector
Heat Detector
Multisensor Detector
Manual Call Point
Isolating Base
Sounders & Beacons
The XP95 range of intelligent fire detectors is
advanced in design, improved in performance and
has unique features that benefit the installer and
the end user. The range includes ionisation and
optical smoke detectors, heat detectors as well as
a multisensor. All have an unobtrusive profile, a
zero insertion force base, user friendly addressing
and extended data and alarm features. A manual
call point, an isolating base, sounders, beacons
and other compatible products are also available.
These detectors have been carefully researched
and developed by the Apollo design team and the
range has undergone rigorous testing to ensure
that it meets not only European and other
standards but also the demands of today’s high
technology environments.
This Product Guide aims to provide engineers with
full information on XP95, in order to be able to
design optimum solutions to fire protection
problems.
Key features
Analogue Value Report
•
Digital data transmission
•
Input Bits Reporting
•
Interrupt Warning
•
Apollo Fire Detectors Limited, part of the Halma
plc group of companies, operates from one site at
Havant, near Portsmouth, England. All departments
– Research and Development, Sales and Marketing,
Manufacturing and Finance – are located there.
Apollo applies the most modern production
techniques and has invested in sophisticated
manufacturing equipment to ensure consistent
high quality of product and fast response to
customer requirements. Through planned
expansion Apollo has reached a leading position
in the market for professional fire detectors and
exports over half of its production to countries
around the world.
Automatic Type Identification
•
Address Confirmation
•
XP95 Device Flag
•
Information in this guide is given in good faith, but Apollo Fire
Detectors Limited cannot be held responsible for any omissions
or errors . The company res erves the right to change
specifications of products at any time without prior notice.
XP95 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Application of XP95 Detectors 4
Addressing and Communications 4
Features of the XP95 Range 5
Ionisation Smoke Detector
Operating principles 6
Electrical description 7
Environmental characteristics 7
Safety note 7
Technical data 7
Optical Smoke Detector
Operating principles 9
Electrical description 9
Environmental characteristics 9
Technical data 10
Heat Detector
Operating principles 11
Electrical description 11
Environmental characteristics 11
Technical data 12
Multisensor Detector
Operating principles 13
Technical data 14
Manual Call Point
Operating principles 15
Technical data 16
XP95 Mounting Base 17
XP95 20D Isolating Base
Operating principles 18
Electrical description 18
Technical data 18
XP95 Isolator 19
XP95 Loop-Powered Beam Detector 19
Intelligent Reflective Beam Detector 19
MiniDisc Remote Indicator 19
Loop-powered Sounders, Beacon & Sounder Beacons 19
XP95 Flame Detector 20
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3
Approvals and Regulatory Compliance 21
EMC 21
Maintenance of Detectors 22
APPLICATION OF XP95 DETECTORS
ADDRESSING AND COMMUNICATIONS
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4
The choice of detector from the XP95 range follows the
well established principles of system design. That is, the
optimum detector type will depend on the type of fire risk
and fire load, and the type of environment in which the
detector is sited.
For general use, smoke detectors are recommended since
these give the highest level of protection. Smoke detectors
from the XP95 range may be ionisation, optical or
multisensor types. It is generally accepted that ionisation
types have a high sensitivity to flaming fires whereas
optical detectors have high sensitivity to smouldering fires.
As a result of this, ionisation types are widely used for
property protection, and optical types for life protection.
These general principles still apply to XP95 detectors
although the availability of a multisensor in the range
offers more choice to the system designer.
The multisensor is basically an optical smoke detector and
will therefore respond well to the smoke from smouldering
fires. The detector also senses air temperature. This
temperature sensitivity allows the multisensor to give a
response to fast burning (flaming) fires, which is similar to
that of an ionisation detector. The multisensor can
therefore be used as an alternative to an ionisation detector
Where the environment is smoky or dirty under normal
conditions, a heat detector may be more appropriate. It
must be recognised, however, that any heat detector will
respond only when the fire is well established and
generating a high heat output.
Unless otherwise specified, devices described in this guide
are suitable for indoor use only.
Each XP95 device responds to interrogation and command
from central control equipment. It communicates to the
panel information on status, command bits, type, location,
and other information that allows an alarm to be raised
even when the device is not itself being interrogated.
Message error checking is also provided. The devices are
compatible with Series 90, Discovery®and XPlorer systems
and control equipment to aid maintenance, extension and
upgrade of existing systems.
A unique, patented XPERT card provides simple, user
friendly and accurate identification of detector location
whereby a coded card, inserted in the base, is read by
any detector once it is plugged in. All the electronic
components are in the detector but the location information
is held in the base. The address card simplifies and speeds
up installation and commissioning. Addressing errors
during maintenance and service are eliminated.
The XP95 manual call point continues to use DIL switch
addressing, but its interrupt feature also provides automatic
reporting of its location in the interrupt mode.
The XP95 detectors provide an alarm facility that automatically
puts an alarm flag on the data stream and reports its address
when the pre-set EN54 thresholds are exceeded. The
devices provide great flexibility in system design with the
control equipment determining the characteristics of the
system. A large and growing range of compatible control
equipment is available from many sources - details are
included in Apollo publication PP1010, which is available
on request.
Ionisation Optical Multisensor Heat
Overheating/thermal combustion Poor Very Good Very Good Very Poor
Smouldering/glowing combustion Moderate/Good Good Good Very Poor
Flaming combustion Very Good Good Good Poor
Flaming with high heat output Very Good Good Very Good Moderate/Good
Flaming - clean burning Poor Very Poor Moderate/Good Moderate/Good
Table1 Response characteristics of smoke and heat detectors.
PROTOCOL FEATURES
Control Unit Interrogation and Command:
3 bits of command instruction and the 7- bit address are
issued by the control equipment following an initiating pulse.
Interrupt Warning:
Notification that an XP95 manual call point or XP95 Mini
Switch Monitor (interrupt) has been operated.
Analogue Value Report:
Status continually reported.
Input Bits Reporting:
Field devices advise control equipment of actions they have
taken. For smoke and temperature detectors, these confirm
compliance with the output command bits. Bit information
depends on device type.
Automatic Type Identification:
The device being interrogated replies with a 5 bit type
code, allowing up to 32 device types.
Address Confirmation:
The 7- bit address (up to 126 devices per loop) of the
detector responding is confirmed back to the control unit.
XP95 Device Flag:
Tells the control equipment that more information is available.
Alarm Flag:
For accelerated alarm reporting.
Parity Error Check:
For received message accuracy.
Interrupt or Alarm Address:
Provides fast location of a device in alarm state.
ENGINEERING FEATURES
High Level Integration:
ASICs technology for lower component count.
Zero Insertion Force Base:
For easier installation and maintenance.
Ease of Maintenance:
Snap lock chambers for easy cleaning.
Surface Mounted Components:
For long life and high reliability
Latest Data Reported:
As well as free running data update, device will update
data when the preceding device is being interrogated.
XPERT Card Addressing:
For fast reliable installation and service.
Unobtrusive Design:
For elegant designs in modern buildings.
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5
XP95 IONISATION SMOKE DETECTOR
Fig.1 Sectional view - XP95 Ionisation Smoke Detector
page
6
XP95 Ionisation Smoke Detector Part Number 55000-500
outer smoke chamber (Fig 1).
OPERATING
PRINCIPLES
The XP95 ionisation smoke
detector has a moulded
self-extinguishing white
polycarbonate case with
wind resistant smoke inlets.
Stainless steel wiper contacts
connect the detector to the
terminals in the mounting
base. Inside the detector case
is a printed circuit board that
has the ionisation chamber
mounted on one side and
the address capture, signal
processingandcommunications
electronics on the other.
The ionisation chamber
system is an inner reference
chamber contained inside an
The outer smoke chamber
has smoke inlet apertures
that are fitted with an insect
resistant mesh.
The radioactive source
holder and the outer smoke
chamber are the positive
and negative electrodes
respectively. An Americium
241 radioactive source
mounted within the inner
reference chamber irradiates
the air in both chambers to
produce positive and
negative ions. On applying a
voltage across these
electrodes an electric field is
formed as shown in Fig 2.
The ions are attracted to the
electrode of the opposite
sign, some ions collide and
recombine, but the net result
is that a small electric current
flows between the electrodes.
At the junction between the
reference and smoke chambers
is the sensing electrode that is
used to convert variations in
the chamber currents into a
voltage.
When smoke particles enter
the ionisation chamber, ions
become attached to them
with the result that the current
flowing through the ionisation
chamber decreases. This
effect is greater in the smoke
chamber than in the reference
chamber and the imbalance
causes the sensing electrode
to go more positive.
The voltage on the sensing
electrode is monitored by
the sensor electronics and
is processed to produce a
signal that is translated by
the A/D converter in the
communications ASIC ready
for transmission when the
device is interrogated.
Fig.2 Diagramshowing lines of equipotential fortheXP95 Ionisation Smoke Monitor
ELECTRICAL
DESCRIPTION
he detector is designed to
T
be connected to a two wire
loop circuit carrying both
data and a 17V to 28V dc
supply. The detector is
connected to the incoming
and outgoing supply via
terminals L1 and L2 in the
mounting base. A remote
LED indicator requiring not
more than 4mA at 5V may
be connected between +R
and -R terminals. An earth
connection terminal is also
provided, although this is
not required for the
functioning of the detector.
When the device is energised
the ASICs regulate the flow
of power and control the data
processing. The ionisation
chambers are energised and
the ultra low leakage sensor
ASIC provides a conditioned
analogue signal to the
analogue to digital (A/D)
converter within the
communications and
processing ASIC. When
smoke enters the ionisation
chambers through the integral
gauze, the voltage at the
sensing electrode increases to
produce an analogue signal.
An A/D conversion of the
signal from the ionisation
chambers is carried out once
per second or when either
the detector or preceding
address is being interrogated.
Whenever the device is
interrogated this data is sent
to the control equipment.
EN54 threshold alarm levels
are calibrated within the
processing ASIC. If the
device is not addressed
within 1 second of its last
polling and the analogue
value is greater than 55 the
alarm flag is initiated and
the device address is added
to the data stream every 32
olling cycles from its last
p
polling for the duration of
the alarm level condition,
except when the alarming
device is being interrogated.
This can provide a location
identified alarm from any
device on the loop in
approximately two seconds.
The detector is calibrated to
give an analogue value of
25±7 counts in clean air. This
value increases with smoke
density. A count of 55
corresponds to the EN54 alarm
sensitivity level. See Fig 3.
Counts of 8 or less indicate
fault conditions. Count levels
between 45 counts and 55
counts can be used to provide
an early warning of fire.
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS
XP95 ionisation smoke
detectors are designed to
operate in a wide variety of
environments (See Figs 4 to
6). There are only small
effects from temperature,
humidity, atmospheric
pressure and wind. Detectors
are well protected against
electromagnetic interference
over a wide frequency range.
The XP95 ionisation detector,
like all ionisation detectors,
has some sensitivity to air
movement (wind). The
extent to which the analogue
value will change depends
on the wind speed and on
the orientation of the
detector relative to the wind
direction. Relatively small
changes in wind direction
can cause significant changes
in analogue value.
Fig.3 Typical response characteristics - XP95 Ionisation Detector
Fig.4 Typical temperature response - XP95 Ionisation Detector
page
7
Fig.5 Typical pressure response - XP95 Ionisation Detector
Fig.6 Typical wind speed response - XP95 Ionisation Smoke Detector
TECHNICAL DATA
XP95 Ionisation
Detector Part No 55000-500/
520/560
ase Part No 45681-210
B
Specifications are typical
and given at 23°C and 50%
relative humidity unless
otherwise stated.
Detector Type:
Point type smoke detector for
fire detection and fire alarm
systems for buildings
Detection Principle:
Ionisation Chamber
Chamber Configuration:
Twin compensating
chambers using one single
sided ionising radiation
source
Radioactive Isotope:
Americium 241
Activity:
33.3kBq, 0.9µCi
Sampling Frequency:
Continuous
Sensitivity:
Nominal threshold y value of
0.7 to EN54–7:2000
Supply Wiring:
Two wire supply, polarity
nsensitive
i
Terminal Functions:
L1&L2 supply in and out
+R remote indicator
-R remote indicator
Supply Voltage:
17 to 28 Volts dc
Modulation Voltage at
Detector:
5 to 9 Volts peak to peak
Quiescent Current:
280µA average, 500µA peak
Power-up Surge Current:
1mA
Duration of Power-up Surge
Current:
0.3 seconds
Maximum Power-up Time:
4 seconds for communications
(measured from application of
power and protocol)
connections (polarity
insensitive)
positive connection
(internal 2.2kΩ
resistance to supply
ve)
+
negative connection
(internal 2.2kΩ
resistance to supply
- ve)
10 seconds to exceed 10
counts 15 seconds for stable
clean air value
Clean Air Analogue Value:
25±7 counts
larm Level 55 Counts:
A
EN54 y value of 0.7
Alarm Indicator:
Red light emitting diode (LED)
Alarm LED Current:
2mA
Remote LED Current:
4mA at 5V (measured across
remote load)
Type Code:
(210 43) 011 00
Storage Temperature:
-30°C to +80°C
Operating Temperature:
-20°C to +70°C
Guaranteed Temperature
Range:
(No condensation or icing)
-20°C to +60°C
Humidity:
(No condensation or icing)
0% to 95% relative humidity
Wind Speed:
10m/s maximum
Atmospheric Pressure:
Automatic compensation by
dual chambers to maintain
sensitivity up to a height of
2000m above sea level
Vibration, Impact & Shock:
To EN54–7:2000
Electro-magnetic
Compatibility:
See page 21 for full details
IP Rating:
23D
pprovals & Regulatory
A
Compliance:
See page 21 for full details
Dimensions:(diameter x height)
etector: 100mm x 42mm
D
Detector in Base:
100mm x 50mm
Weights:
Detector: 105g
Detector in Base: 161g
Materials:
Detector Housing: White
polycarbonate V-0 rated to
UL 94
Terminals: Nickel plated
stainless steel
0832
page
8
technical data
For wind speeds up to 1m/s
(200ft/min) the change in
analogue value will not
exceed 5 counts.
Continuous operation in
wind speeds greater than
2m/s (400ft/min) is not
recommended. However,
wind speeds up to 10m/s
(2000ft/min) can be tolerated
for short periods and will
not under any conditions
increase the probability of
false alarms.
SAFETY NOTE
In the United Kingdom,
ionisation smoke detectors are
subject to the requirements of
the Radioactive Substances
Act 1993 and to the Ionising
Radiations Regulations 1999
made under the provisions
of the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974.
The detectors, independently
tested by the National
Radiological Protection
Board (NRPB), conform to all
the requirements specified
in the ‘Recommendations for
ionisation smoke detectors in
implementation of radiation
standards’ published by the
Nuclear Energy Agency of the
Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and
Development (OECD) 1977.
There is no limit to the number
of ionisation smoke detectors
which may be installed in
any fire protection system
within the UK. See
Certificate of Approval No.
TA1 of 1999 issues by the
HSE for further details.
Storage regulations depend
on local standards and the
legislation, but, in the UK, the
number of ionisation smoke
detectors in any building or
premises shall be less than
500. See Certificate of
Approval No. TA3 of 1999
issued by the HSE for further
details.
At the end of their
recommended working life
of ten years, ionisation
smoke detectors should be
returned to Apollo for safe
disposal or disposed of in an
otherwise locally approved
and environmentally safe
manner. Please see "A Guide
to the Care, Maintenance
and Servicing of Apollo
Products", PP2055.
Guidance on storage can be
given by Apollo Fire
Detectors and full details
can be requested from:
Radioactive Substances
Regulation Function
Environment Agency
Rio House, Waterside Drive
Aztec West, Almondsbury,
Bristol, BS32 4UD
Outside the UK, please contact
the relevant national agency.
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