Anritsu 37247C Data Sheet

37100C/37200C/37300C

Vector Network Analyzers

Technical Data Sheet

Vector Network Analysis up to 65 GHz

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The Lightning 37200C/37300C Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs)
are high performance tools designed to make fast and accurate S­parameter measurements of active and passive devices across the

22.5 MHz to 65 GHz range.These network analyzers integrate a
synthesized source, S-parameter test set and tuned receiver into a
single compact package that is ideal for bench-top testing.

The Lightning 37100C VNAs are configured as Direct-Access
Receivers for antenna, frequency conversion, and multiple output
device measurements.These network analyzers consist of
a synthesized source and tuned receiver in a single compact unit,
with direct access provided to all four receiver samplers via the front
panel.The 37100C offers the ultimate flexibility to meet most
receiver measurement needs, while maintaining the ability to
measure all four S-parameters with the addition of a reflectometer
setup at the front end of the receiver.

Specifications for the 37100C/37200C/37300C models are detailed
on the following pages.

High throughput measurements are achieved in each model
through the use of fast, 12-term error corrected sweeps, fast GPIB
data transfers and an intuitive user interface. All measurement
results are displayed on a large LCD color display or on an external
VGA monitor.

For maximum productivity, the VNAs include as standard features:

✓ Fast Sweeping Synthesized Source
✓ Auto Reversing Test Set (37200C/37300C models only)
✓ Solid-State Transfer Switch (37200C/37300C models only)
✓ Four Independent Display Channels
✓ Multiple Source Control of Two External Sources
✓ Four Channel Receiver
✓ Internal Hard and Floppy Disk Drives
✓ LRL/LRM Calibration
✓ Adapter Removal Calibrations
✓ Fast Measurement Throughput via GPIB
✓ Built-In AutoCal

®

Control

Each of the network analyzers is designed for easy upgradeability.
Any version of the 37000C VNA can be upgraded to accommodate
new capabilities or additional frequency ranges by ordering the
appropriate upgrade kit. 37100C to 37200C or 37200C to 37300C
upgrades are also supported.

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Dynamic Range:

The tables on the next page provide two definitions of dynamic
range:

"Receiver Dynamic Range" is defined as the difference between the
maximum signal level at Port 2 (or at any sampler input: a1, a2, b1,
or b2for a 37100C) for 0.1 dB compression and the noise floor.

"System Dynamic Range" is defined as the difference between the
power incident on Port 2 in a through line connection and the noise
floor.

In preparing the tables, 10 Hz IF bandwidth and 512 averages w ere
used in calibration and measurement.

High Level Noise (typical): <0.04 dB and <0.5 degrees peak-

to-peak variation in a 1 kHz IF bandwidth up to 20 GHz,
<0.08 dB and <1.0 degrees peak-to-peak variation up to 40 GHz,
<0.25 dB and <2.5 degrees peak-to-peak variation up to 65 GHz.

Model Numbers

2

A Reflectometer test set is available as a special option for the 37100C.
It contains the transfer switch, both attenuators and couplers. It also
offers two bias tees and a front panel amplifier loop for active device
testing. As compared to a 37300C VNA, the output power and hence the
dynamic range are degraded by 10 dB typically.

Frequency Range

37225C, 37325C 40 MHz to 13.5 GHz

37147C 22.5 MHz to 20 GHz

37247C, 37347C 40 MHz to 20 GHz

37169C 22.5 MHz to 40 GHz

37269C, 37369C 40 MHz to 40 GHz

37277C, 37377C 40 MHz to 50 GHz

37297C, 37397C 40 MHz to 65 GHz

Transfer
Switch
Drive

Samplers

b

1

Transfer Switch

Source
Attenuator

Test
Attenuator
Drive

3 dB

a

1

Source
Attenuator
Drive

Source
Lock
Out

to Transfer Switch
to Test Attenuator
to Source Attenuator

b

a

2

2

RF
Out

Source*

Splitter

6 dB

RF
In

Test
Attenuator

37100C
Direct­Access
Receiver
Configuration

Internal
Source

*Not provided

Out*

*on Opt. 13,
*Delete Source option.

Typical
Reflectometer
Setup

DUT

Dynamic Range (37100C)

Dynamic Range (37200C/37300C)

37369C

37347C

37377C

77

110

95
88
85
75

3

Model Numbers

Frequency (GHz)

37147C

0.0225
2

20

37169C

0.0225
2

20
40

-18

Model

Frequency

(GHz)

37147C

0.0225
2

20

37169C

0.0225
2

20
40

-18

-12

-12

-15

-18

-12

-12

Maximum Signal

Into a

x,bx

(dBm)

-122

-106

-103

-100

-122

-106

-103

Noise Floor

(dBm)

104

94
91
85

104

94
91

Receiver Dynamic

Range (dB)

10

8
3

-3

10

8
5

Source Power
(dBm,Typical)

Model

Frequency

(GHz)

Max. Signal

Into

Port 2 (dBm)

Noise Floor

(dBm)

Receiver Dynamic

Range (dB)

37225C

0.04
2

13.5

+20

+3
+3

-70

-98

-98

90
101
101

Port 1 Power

(dBm,

Typical)

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0

-5

-15

System Dynamic

Range (dB)*

70
98
98

70
98
96

70
98
90
78

37247C

0.04
2

20

+20

+3
+3

-70

-98

-96

90

101

99

37269C

0.04
2

20
40

+20

+3
+3
+3

-70

-98

-95

-93

90

101

98
96

0

+5

-2

-7

-2

77

110

95
88
85

37277C

0.04
2

20
40
50

+20

+3
+3
+3
+3

-77

-105

-97

-95

-87

97
108
100

98

90

0

+5

-2

-7

-2

-2

37397C

+30
+30
+30
+30
+30
+30

-77

-105

-97

-95

-87

-77

107
135
127
125
117
107

0

+5

-2

-7

-2

-2

77

110

95
88
85
75

37297C

0.04
2

20
40
50
65

+20

+3
+3
+3
+3
+3

-77

-105

-97

-95

-87

-77

97
108
100

98

90

80

*System Dynamic Range is based on the typical Port 1 power and specified noise floor at the indicated frequency range.

37325C

0.04
2

13.5

+5
+5
+5

70
98
96

0.04
2

20

+30
+30
+30

-65

-93

-91

95
123
121

+5
+5
+5

+30
+30
+30

-65

-93

-93

95
123
123

0

+5

0

-7

70
98
90
76

0.04
2

20
40

+30
+30
+30
+30

-65

-93

-90

-83

95
123
120
113

0

+5

-2

-7

-2

77

110

95
88
85

+30
+30
+30
+30
+30

-77

-105

-97

-95

-87

107
135
127
125
117

0.04
2

20
40
50
65

0.04
2

20
40
50

70
98
98

Measurement Throughput: Measurement times are based on

a single 40 MHz to 20 GHz sweep with 10 kHz IF bandwidth (no
averages) after a full 12-term calibration.Sweep times include
retrace and band switch times.

Measurement Time (ms) vs. Data Points (typical)

Measurement Time vs. Sweep Mode for 101 Data Points
(typical)

Measurement Time vs. IF BW for 101 Data Points (typical)

Measurement Time vs. Span for 101 Data Points (typical)

4

Test Port Characteristics

The specifications in the table below apply when the proper Model 34U Universal Test Port Adapters are connected, with or without phase equal
insertables, to the test set ports and calibrated with the appropriate calibration kit at 23 ± 3°C using the OSL calibration method with a sliding load
to achieve 12-term error correction (90 min.warm-up time is recommended).

Calibration

Type

Data Points

1 Port (3 Term) 3000920

2 Port (12 Term)

75

300092060

3 1601

350270
340

401

250

10151

IF Bandwidth Time (ms)

10 kHz 180

1 kHz 270

100 Hz 1100

10 Hz 7300

Sweep Mode Time (ms)

Linear 350

List 350
CW 190

Frequency Span Time (ms)

40 MHz to 65 GHz 900

20 GHz to 40 GHz 340
10 GHz to 11 GHz 220

40 MHz to 40 GHz 450

Connector

Frequency

(GHz)

Directivity

(dB)

Source

Match

(dB)

Load

Match

(dB)

Reflection

Frequency

Tracking (dB)

GPC-7

0.0225
2

18

>52
>52
>52

>44
>44
>42

>52
>52
>52

±0.003
±0.003
±0.004

GPC-7 LRL

Calibration

2
8

>60
>60

>60
>60

>60
>60

±0.001
±0.001

N-Type*

0.0225
2

18

>46
>44
>40

>36
>36
>32

>46
>44
>40

±0.004
±0.004
±0.005

3.5mm

0.0225
2

20

26.5

>44
>44
>44
>44

>40
>40
>38
>34

>44
>44
>44
>44

±0.005
±0.005
±0.006
±0.006

K

0.0225
2

20
40

>42
>42
>42
>38

>40
>40
>38
>34

>42
>42
>42
>38

±0.005
±0.005
±0.006
±0.006

V

0.04
2

20
40
50
65

>40
>40
>40
>36
>34
>34

>36
>36
>36
>32
>30
>28

>40
>40
>40
>36
>34
>34

±0.050
±0.050
±0.060
±0.060
±0.080
±0.100

Transmission

Frequency

Tracking (dB)

±0.004
±0.004
±0.012

±0.001
±0.001

±0.004
±0.004
±0.012

±0.030
±0.030
±0.050
±0.070

±0.030
±0.050
±0.070
±0.080

±0.030
±0.050
±0.070
±0.080
±0.100
±0.120

Isolation

(dB)

>105
>115
>112

>115
>112

>105
>115
>112

>105
>115
>110
>102

>105
>115
>110
>100

>105
>115
>110
>100

>90
>80

*Standard OSL calibration, sliding load not required.

MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

The following graphs give measurement uncertainty after 12-Term
vector error correction.The errors are worst case contributions of
residual directivity, load and source match, frequency response,
isolation, network analyzer dynamic accuracy, and connector
repeatability. In preparing the following graphs, 10 Hz IF bandwidth
and averaging of 512 points were used.Changes in the IF
bandwidth or averaging can result in variations at low levels.

Models 37x47C Series (K-Connectors)

Reflection Measurements:

Models 37x47C Series (K-Connectors)

Transmission Measurements:

Device S21 (dB)

Uncertainty (dB)

Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty

37x47C/3652/Transmission Only

10

1

.1

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-80-90

40 MHz
2 GHz
20 GHz

40 MHz
2 GHz
20 GHz

Transmission Phase Uncertainty

37x47C/3652/Transmission Only

Uncertainty (Degrees)

100

10

1

.1

Device S21 (dB)

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Reflection Magnitude Uncertainty

37x47C/3652/Reflection Only

Uncertainty (dB)

10

1

.1

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

2 GHz
40 MHz
20 GHz

Reflection Phase Uncertainty

37x47C/3652/Reflection Only

Device S11 (dB)

Device S11 (dB)

Uncertainty (Degrees)

100

10

1

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

2 GHz
40 MHz
20 GHz

5

Models 37x69C Series (K-Connectors)

Reflection Measurements:

Models 37x69C Series (K-Connectors)

Transmission Measurements:

6

Reflection Magnitude Uncertainty

37x69C/3652/Reflection Only

10

40 MHz
2 GHz
20 GHz
40 GHz

1

Uncertainty (dB)

.1

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

100

10

Uncertainty (Degrees)

Device S11 (dB)

Reflection Phase Uncertainty

37x69C/3652/Reflection Only

40 MHz
2 GHz
20 GHz
40 GHz

10

1

Uncertainty (dB)

.1

100

10

1

Uncertainty (Degrees)

Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty

37x69C/3652/Transmission Only

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-80-90

Transmission Phase Uncertainty

Device S21 (dB)

37x69C/3652/Transmission Only

40 MHz
2 GHz
20 GHz
40 GHz

40 MHz
2 GHz
20 GHz
40 GHz

1

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
Device S11 (dB)

.1

-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
Device S21 (dB)

7

Model 37x77C and 37x97C (V-Connectors)

Reflection Measurements:

Model 37x77C and 37x97C (V-Connectors)

Transmission Measurements:

Reflection Magnitude Uncertainty

37x97C/3654B/Reflection Only

10

40 MHz
20 GHz
40 GHz
50 GHz
65 GHz

1

Uncertainty (dB)

.1

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

100

10

Uncertainty (Degrees)

Device S11 (dB)

Reflection Phase Uncertainty

37x97C/3654B/Reflection Only

40 MHz
20 GHz
40 GHz
50 GHz
65 GHz

10

1

Uncertainty (dB)

.1

100

10

Uncertainty (Degrees)

Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty

37x97C/3654B/Transmission Only

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10-80-90

Transmission Phase Uncertainty

Device S21 (dB)

37x97C/3654B/Transmission Only

40 MHz
20 GHz
40 GHz
50 GHz
65 GHz

40 MHz
20 GHz
40 GHz
50 GHz
65 GHz

1

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
Device S11 (dB)

1

-40-50-60-70-80-90 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Device S21 (dB)

8

MEASUREMENT CAPABILITIES

Number of Channels: Four independent measurement

channels.

Parameters: S11, S21, S22, S12, or user defined combinations

of a1, a2, b1, and b2. All measurements are made without the need
to manually reverse the test device. For the 37100C models, a
reflectometer setup at the front end of the receiver is required for
S-measurements (See diagram on page 2).

Measurement Frequency Range: Frequency range of the

measurement can be narrowed within the calibration range without
recalibration.CW mode permits single frequency measurements,
also without recalibration.

Domains: Frequency Domain, CW Draw, and optional High

Speed Time (Distance) Domain.

Formats: Log Magnitude, Phase, Log Magnitude and Phase,

Smith Chart (Impedance), Smith Chart (Admittance), Linear Polar,
Log Polar, Group Delay, Linear Magnitude, Linear Magnitude and
Phase, Real, Imaginary, Real and Imaginary, SWR and Power.

Data Points: 1601 maximum.Data points can be switched to

a value of 801, 401, 201, 101 or 51 points without recalibration
(if 1601 points were used in the calibration).In addition, the system
accepts an arbitrary set of N discrete data points where
2 ≤ N ≤ 1601. CW mode permits selection of a single data
point without recalibration.

Reference Plane: Can be entered in time or in distance

(when the dielectric constant is entered). Automatic reference plane
feature adds the correct electrical length (delay) compensation at
the push of a button.Software compensation for the electrical
length difference between reference and test is always accurate
and stable since measurement frequencies are always synthesized.
In addition, the system compensates reference phase delay for
dispersive transmission media, such as waveguide and microstrip.

Markers: Six independent markers can be used to read out

measurement data. In delta-reference mode, any one marker can
be selected as the reference for the other five. Markers can be
directed automatically to the minimum or maximum of a data trace.

Enhanced Markers: Marker search for a level or bandwidth,

displaying an active marker for each channel, and discrete or
continuous (interpolated) markers.

Marker Sweep: Sweeps upward in frequency between any two

markers.Recalibration is not required during the marker sweep.

Limit Lines: Either single or segmented limit lines can be

displayed.Two limit lines are available for each trace.

Single Limit Readouts: Interpolation algorithm determines the

exact intersection frequencies of test data and limit lines.

Segmented Limits: A total of 20 segments (10 upper and 10

lower) can be generated per data trace.Complete segmented
traces can be offset in both frequency and amplitude.

Test Limits: Both single and segmented limits can be used for

PASS/FAIL testing.The active channel's PASS or FAIL status is
indicated on the display after each sweep. In addition, PASS/FAIL
status is output through the rear panel I/O connector as selectable
TTL levels (PASS=0V, FAIL=+5V or PASS=+5V, FAIL=0V).

Tune Mode: Tune Mode optimizes sweep speed in tuning

applications by updating forward S-parameters more frequently
than reverse ones.This mode allows the user to select the ratio of
forward sweeps to reverse sweeps after a full 12-term calibration.
The ratio of forward sweeps to reverse sweeps can be set
anywhere between 1:1 and 10,000:1.

Data Averaging: 1 to 4096 averages can be selected. A front-

panel button turns data averaging on/off, and an LED indicates
when averaging is active.

Video IF Bandwidth: Front panel button selects four levels of

video IF bandwidth: MAXIMUM (10 kHz), NORMAL (1 kHz),
REDUCED (100 Hz) and MINIMUM (10 Hz).

Trace Smoothing: Computes an average over a percentage

range of the data trace.The percentage of trace to be smoothed
can be selected from 0 to 20%. Front-panel button turns smoothing
on/off, and an LED indicates when smoothing is active.

Group Delay Aperture: Defined as the frequency span over

which the phase change is computed at a given frequency point.
The aperture can be changed without recalibration.The minimum
aperture is the frequency range divided by the number of points in
calibration and can be increased to 20% of the frequency range
without recalibration.The frequency width of the aperture and the
percent of the frequency range are displayed automatically.

Group Delay Range: The maximum delay range is limited to

measuring no more than +180° of phase change within the aperture
set by the number of frequency points.A frequency step size of 100
kHz corresponds to 10 ms.

DISPLAY CAPABILITIES

Measurement Channels: Four independent channels are

available to display any S-parameter or user defined parameter, in
any format, with up to two traces per channel for a maximum of
eight traces simultaneously. A single channel, two channels (1 and
3, or 2 and 4), or all four channels can be displayed simultaneously.
Channels 1 and 3, or channels 2 and 4 can be overlaid.

Display: Color LCD, 8.5" diagonal.
Display Colors: The color of data traces, memory, text, markers

and limit lines are all user definable.

Trace Overlay: Displays two data traces on the active channel's

graticule simultaneously.

Trace Memory: A separate memory for each channel can be

used to store measurement data for later display or subtraction,
addition, multiplication or division with current measurement data.

Scale Resolution (minimum per division):

Log Magnitude:

0.001 dB Linear Magnitude: 1 pU

Phase: 0.01° Group Delay: 0.001 ps
Time: 0.001 ms Distance: 0.1 µm
SWR: 1 pU Power: 0.01 dB
Autoscale: Automatically sets Resolution and Offset to fully

display measurement data.

Reference Position: Can be set at any graticule line.
Annotation: Type of measurement, vertical and horizontal scale

resolution, start/stop or center/span frequencies, and reference
position.

Blank Frequency Information: Blanking function removes all

references to frequencies on the display. Frequency references can
only be restored through a system reset or GPIB command.

SIGNAL SOURCE CAPABILITIES

Frequency Resolution: 1 kHz (standard on all models)
Frequency Stability:

Aging: <1 x 10

-9

/day

Stability: <5 x 10

-9

over 0˚ to +55˚C range

Source Power Level:

The source power (dBm) may be set from
the front panel menu or via GPIB.Check the graphs and tables on
the following pages for the range.

In addition, on 37300C models, the port 1 power may be attenuated
in 10 dB steps, using the internal 70 dB (60 dB for 37377C and
37397C) step attenuator.Similarly, high input signals into port 2, not
exceeding 1 watt, can be attenuated up to 40 dB, using the internal
port 2 step attenuator.

Power Accuracy: ±0.5 dB at 2 GHz at default power
Power Meter Correction: The 37000C offers a user-selectable

feature that corrects for test port power variations and slope (on
Port 1) using an external power meter. Power meter correction is
available at a user-selectable power level, if it is within the power
adjustment range of the internal source. Once the test port power
has been flattened, its level may be changed within the remaining
power adjustment range of the signal source.

Set-On Receiver Mode: The 37300C can be configured to

measure the relative harmonic level of test devices with Set-On
Receiver Mode capability.The 37300C's unique phase locking
scheme allows it to operate as a tuned receiver by locking all of its
local oscillators to its internal crystal reference oscillator.Set-On
Receiver Mode capability significantly increases the versatility of
the 37300C VNA in applications that check for harmonics, intermod­ulation products, and signals of known frequency.

Multiple Source Control Capability: Multiple Source Control

capability allows a user to independently control the frequencies of
two sources and the receiver without the need for an external
controller.The frequency ranges and output powers of the two
sources may be specified.A frequency sweep may be comprised of
up to five separate bands, each with independent source and
receiver settings, for convenient testing of frequency translation
devices such as mixers.Up to five sub-bands may be tested in one
sweep.This feature enables users to easily test mixers, up/down
converters, multipliers, and other frequency conversion devices.

Source #1: The 37000's internal source, or any of the

68XXXC, 69XXXB, 6700B or MG369XA
synthesizers

Source #2: Any of the 68XXXC, 69XXXB, 6700B or

MG369XA synthesizers

Sweep Type: Linear, CW, Marker, or N-Discrete point sweep
Spurious Response (Harmonics):

15 dBc (37277C, 37297C, 37325C, 37347C, 37369C,

37377C, 37397C) at maximum rated power

35 dBc (all other models) at maximum rated power

Spurious Response (Nonharmonics):

35 dBc at maximum rated power

Phase Noise:

>60 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and 20 GHz center frequency

Power Range*

Power Flatness

*Control Power for 37x25C, and 37x47C can be set to +10 dB but is not

guaranteed.Similarly Control Power on the 37x69C, 37x77C, and 37x97C
can be set to +20 dB but not guaranteed.Complete Control Power range
also not guaranteed over temperature.

j9

Frequency Range (GHz)

9

0.0225 to 13.5 ±1.5

13.5 to 20 ±2.0
20 to 40 ±3.0
40 to 65 ±5.0

Model

Rated

Power (dBm)

Minimum

Power (dBm)

Resolution

(dB)

37147C +5 -15 0.05
37169C -3 -23 0.05
37225C 0 -20 0.05
37247C 0 -20 0.05
37269C -15 -27 0.05
37277C -7 -27 0.05
37297C -7 -19 0.05
37325C +5 -90 0.05
37347C +5 -90 0.05
37369C -7 -97 0.05
37377C -7 -87 0.05
37397C -7 -79 0.05

Flatness (dB)

10

LOG MAG

5dB/DIV

Ref= 0dBm

40 MHz

20 GHz

Default

Available

Power

Model 37225C and 37247C Source Power

LOG MAG

Ref= -15dBm

5dB/DIV

40 MHz

40 GHz

Model 37269C Source Power

Available

Power

Default

LOG MAG

2dB/DIV

Ref= 5dBm

22.5 MHz

20 GHz

Default

Available

Power

Model 37147C Source Power

LOG MAG

Ref= -3dBm

2dB/DIV

22.5 MHz

40 GHz

Model 37169C Source Power

Available

Power

Default

Available Source Power

11

Available Source Power

40 MHz 65 GHz

Model 37277C and 37297C Source Power

LOG MAG

5dB/DIV

Ref= -7dBm

Available

Power

Default

LOG MAG

Ref= 5dBm

Available

Power

5dB/DIV

LOG MAG

40 MHz 40 GHz

Model 37369C Source Power

LOG MAG

Ref= -7dBm

Available

Power

Default

Ref= -7dBm

Available

Power

5dB/DIV

5dB/DIV

Default

40 MHz 20 GHz

Model 37325C and 37347C Source Power

Default

40 MHz 65 GHz

Model 37377C and 37397C Source Power

12

VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION

There are five built-in methods of calibration:

1) Open-Short-Load-Thru (OSLT): This calibration

method uses short circuits, open circuits, and terminations
(fixed or sliding).

2) Offset-Short (waveguide): This calibration method uses

short circuits and terminations.

3) LRL/LRM: The Line-Reflect-Line (LRL) or Line-Reflect-

Match (LRM) calibration uses transmission lines and a
reflective device or termination (LRM).

4) TRM: The Thru-Reflect-Match calibration uses short circuits

and fixed termination.

5) AutoCal®: This calibration method uses an automatic

calibrator module.

There are four vector error correction models available for calibration:

1) Full 12-Term

2) One Path/Two Port

3) Frequency Response

4) Reflection Only

Full 12-Term can be used for all models that automatically reverse
the test signal.The front-panel display indicates the type of
calibration stored in memory.A front-panel button selects whether
calibration is to be applied, and an LED lights when error correction
data is being applied.

Calibration Sequence: Prompts the user to connect the

appropriate calibration standard to Port 1 and/or Port 2.Calibration
standards may be measured simultaneously or one at a time.

Calibration Standards: For coaxial calibrations the user

selects SMA, 3.5 mm, GPC-7, Type N, 2.4 mm, TNC, K,
V connector or special type from the calibration menu.Use of fixed
or sliding loads can be selected for each connector type.User
defined calibration standards allow for entry of open capacitance,
load and short inductances, load impedance, and reflection
standard offset lengths.

Reference Impedance: It is possible to modify the reference

impedance of the measurement to other than 50Ω (but not 0).

AutoCal®: The VNA can internally control an external AutoCal

module to perform a 2-port OSLT calibration. AutoCal is a single
two port calibration module with built-in, switched, and charac­terized OSLT standards. AutoCal provides quick, reliable, and
accurate calibrations that exceed the performance of a standard
broadband load OSLT calibration.

LRL/LRM Calibration: The LRL calibration technique uses the

characteristic impedance of a length of transmission line as the
calibration standard.A full LRL calibration consists merely of two
transmission line measurements, a high reflection measurement,
and an isolation measurement.The LRM calibration technique is a
variation of the LRL technique that utilizes a precision termination
rather than a second length of transmission line.A third optional
standard, either Line or Match, may be measured in order to extend
the frequency range of the calibration.This extended calibration
range is achieved by mathematically concatenating either two LRL,
two LRM, or one LRL and one LRM calibration(s).Using these
techniques, full 12-Term error correction can be performed on the
37000C models.

Adapter Removal Calibration: Built-in Adapter Removal

application software accurately characterizes and "removes" any
adapter used during calibration that will not be used for subsequent
device measurements.This technique allows for accurate
measurement of non-insertable devices.

Dispersion Compensation: Selectable as Coaxial (non-

dispersive), Waveguide, or Microstrip (dispersive).

GAIN COMPRESSION MEASUREMENT
CAPABILITY (37300C models only)

The 37300C simplifies amplifier Gain Compression and AM/PM
measurements.Once an appropriate power and frequency
schedule is selected, a power meter calibration, at a set level, will
calibrate the linear VNA receiver channels, to accurately measure
power in dBm.The 37300C supports the Anritsu, Giga-tronics, and
Agilent power meters.To measure power, b2/1, a user defined
parameter, is automatically selected.

Swept Power Gain Compression: The 37300C will display

traditional Power out vs. Power in or Phase vs. Power in, at one of
up to 10 selectable frequencies.A separate screen will easily show
Power out and Power in at 1 dB, or selected level Gain
Compression, for all entered frequencies (See figure below).

Swept Frequency Gain Compression: Once Gain is

measured at the starting power, the user increments Power in,
observing Normalized Gain vs. Frequency. This aids in analyzing
the most critical compression frequencies of a broadband amplifier.

Power Out and Phase performance as a function of Input Power at
a CW frequency.

HIGH SPEED TIME (DISTANCE) DOMAIN
MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY (OPTION 2)

Option 2A, High Speed Time (Distance) Domain software allows
the conversion of reflection or transmission measurements from
the frequency domain to the time domain. Measured S-parameter
data is converted to the time domain by application of a Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) using the Chirp Z-Transform technique.
Prior to conversion, any one of several selectable windowing
functions may be applied.Once the data is converted to the time
domain, a gating function may be applied to select the data of
interest.The processed data may then be displayed in the time
domain with display start and stop times selected by the user or
in the distance domain with display start and stop distance selected
by the user.The data may also be converted back to the frequency
domain with a time gate to view the frequency response of the
gated data.

-12.00 dBm 8.00 dBm5.00000000 GHz CW

CH1 : b

2

/1

POWER OUT

REF = 15.000 dBm

1.000 dB/DIV

CW MODE

CH3 : S21 FWD TRANS
PHASE

REF = 5.00

2.00/DIV

Phase

Power Out

13

Lowpass Mode: This mode displays a response equivalent to

the classic "TDR" (Time Domain Reflectometer) response of the
device under test.Lowpass response may be displayed in either
the impulse or step mode.This type of processing requires a sweep
over a harmonic series of frequencies and an extrapolated or user­entered DC value.

Bandpass Mode: This mode displays a response equivalent to

the time response of the device under test to a band limited
impulse.This type of processing may be used with any arbitrary
frequency sweep range, limited only by the test set range or device
under test response.

Phasor Impulse Mode: This mode displays a response similar

to the Lowpass impulse response, using data taken over an
arbitrary (band limited) sweep range.Detailed information, similar
to that contained in the lowpass impulse response may be used to
identify the nature of impedance discontinuities in the device under
test. Now, with Phasor Impulse, it is possible to characterize
complex impedances on band-limited devices.

Windowing: Any one of four window functions may be applied to

the initial frequency data, to counteract the effects of processing
data with a finite bandwidth.These windows provide a range of
trade offs of main lobe width versus sidelobe level (ringing). The
general type of function used is the Blackman-Harris window with
the number of terms being varied from one to four.Typical
performance follows:

Gating: A selective gating function may be applied to the time

domain data to remove unwanted responses, either in a pass-band
or reject-band (mask).This gating function may be chosen as the
convolution of any of the above window types with a rectangular
gate of user defined position and width.The gate may be specified
by entering start and stop times or center and span.The gated data
may be displayed in the time domain, or converted back to the
frequency domain.

Time Domain Display: Data processed to time domain may

be displayed as a function of time or as a function of distance,
provided the dielectric constant of the transmission media is
entered correctly. In the case of dispersive media such as
waveguide or microstrip, the true distance to a discontinuity is
displayed in the distance mode.The time display may be set to any
arbitrary range by specifying either the start and stop times or the
center time and span.The unaliased (non-repeating) time range is
given by the formula:

Number of Frequency Data Points

Unaliased Range (ns) =

Frequency Sweep Range (GHz)

The resolution is given by the formula:
Main Lobe Width (null−null) in ns =

kW

Freq.Sweep Range (GHz)

where kW is two times the number of window terms
(for example, four for a two-term window)

For a 40 GHz sweep range with 1601 data points, the unaliased
range is 40.025 nanoseconds.For a 65 GHz sweep with 1601 data
points, the unaliased range is 24.646 nanoseconds.

Frequency with Time Gate: Data that has been converted to

time domain and selected by the application of gating function may
be converted back to the frequency domain.This allows the display
of the frequency response of a single element contained in the
device under test.Frequency response accuracy is a function of
window and gate type, and gate width.For a full reflection,
minimum gate and window accuracy is within 0.2 dB of the
ungated response over a 40 GHz range.

ELECTRO-OPTICAL
MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY
(standard on all 37200/37300 models)

The 37200C/37300C series incorporated a de-embedding function
that simplifies VNA calibration when measuring E/O and O/E
devices.Characterize the transfer function, group delay, and return
loss of optical modulators (E/O) and photo-receivers (O/E) using
the built-in application.

E/O Measurements: The application menus guide the user

through the entire calibration and setup.A characterized photo­diode (O/E) reference and a laser source are required to complete
the test setup.The internal VNA application de-embeds the
response of the photo-diode reference to allow direct measurement
of the bandwidth and return loss of the modulator.

O/E Measurements: Photo-receiver measurements can be

made by characterizing a modulator first and then using it as a
transfer standard for the O/E measurement.The internal application
de-embeds the response of the modulator to allow characterization
of the photo-receiver.

Type of Window

(Number of Terms)

First Side Lobe

Relative to Peak

Rectangle (1) -13 dB

Nominal-Hamming (2) -43 dB

Low Side Lobe,

Blackman-Harris (3)

-67 dB

Minimum Side Lobe,
Blackman-Harris (4)

-92 dB 2.7W

2.1W

1.8W

1.2W

Impulse Width

1

1

W(Bin Width) = 1/2∆f sweep width.
Example. When ∆f = 40 MHz to 40 GHz, W = 12.5 ps

When ∆f = 40 MHz to 65 GHz, W = 7.7 ps

14

GPIB

GPIB INTERFACES: 2 Ports, system GPIB and dedicated

GPIB

System GPIB (IEEE-488.2): Connects to an external

controller for use in remote programming of the network
analyzer.Address can be set from the front panel and can
range from 1 to 30.

Dedicated GPIB: Connects to external peripherals for

network analyzer controlled operations (e.g., GPIB plotters,
frequency counters, frequency synthesizers and power meters).

Interface Function Codes: SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1,

RL1, PP1, DT1, DC0, and C0.

GPIB Data Transfer Formats: ASCII, 32-bit floating point, or

64-bit floating point. 32-bit and 64-bit floating point data can be
transferred with LSB or MSB first.

GPIB Data Transfer Speed (with or without cal):

150 kbyte/sec

GPIB Data Throughput Time: Throughput measurements for

both tables were made as follows: start the timer, trigger a sweep,
wait for a full sweep, transfer data across the GPIB and stop the
timer.Data throughput times are shown separately for
measurements made without calibration and with full two-port,
12-Term calibration. Measurement conditions: 40 MHz to 20 GHz
sweep, single channel, log magnitude display, 10 kHz IF bandwidth,
and output final data.

Throughput Times (ms) without Correction (typical)

Throughput Times (ms) with 12-Term Correction (typical)

Fast CW Operation:

Fast CW is an ideal mode of operation for
rapid data taking over GPIB.To achieve a fast measurement rate
the display is not updated and only the raw S-parameter or user­defined parameter of the active channel is measured.

Fast CW Typical Performance

Internal Buffer Data Collection:

Internal Buffer Data
Collection is provided to allow saving active channel measurement
data from multiple sweeps without having tosynchronize and
collect data at the end of each sweep.The 37000C can store up to
50,000 data point measurements, each consisting of two (real and
imaginary) IEEE 754 4-byte floating point numbers.GPIB transfer
speed for the 50,000 data points is typically 2.2 seconds.

STORAGE

Internal Memory: Ten front panel states (no calibration) can be

stored and recalled from non-volatile memory locations.The current
front panel setup is automatically stored in non-volatile memory at
instrument power-down.When power is applied, the instrument
returns to its last front panel setup.

Internal Hard Disk Drive: 340 MB mininum, used to store and

recall measurement and calibration data and front-panel setups.All
files are MS-DOS®compatible.File names can be 1 to 8 characters
long, and must begin with a character, not a number. Extensions
are automatically assigned.

External SCSI Interface: Option 4 deletes the internal hard

disk drive, and adds a SCSI Interface connector to the rear panel
for connecting a SCSI-2 formatted hard disk drive.

Internal Floppy Disk Drive: A 3.5-inch diskette drive with

1.44 Mbytes formatted capacity is used to load measurement
programs and to store and recall measurement and calibration
data and front-panel setups.Measurement data can be stored in
text, S2P or bitmap format.All files are MS-DOS compatible.
File names can be 1 to 8 characters long and must begin with a
character, not a number. Extensions are automatically assigned.

Measurement Data: 102.8 kbytes per 1601 point S-parameter

data file.

Calibration Data: 187.3 kbytes per 1601 point S-parameter

data file (12-Term cal plus setup).

Trace Memory File: 12.8 kbytes per 1601 point channel.

HARD COPY

Printer: A menu selects full screen, graphical, tabular data, and

printer type.The number of data points of tabular data can be
selected as well as data at markers only. Compatible with most
HP and Epson printers with parallel (Centronics) interfaces.

GPIB Plotter: The 37000 is compatible with most HP and

Tektronix plotters. A menu selects plotting of full or user-selected
portions of graphical data.The plotter is connected to the dedicated
GPIB bus.

Performance: After selecting the Start Print button, front panel

operation and measurement capability is restored to the user within
two seconds.

Data Format 3 Points* 101 Points 401 Points 1601 Points

32 Bit 150 500 1200 3600
64 Bit 150 500 1200 3600
ASCII 150 600 1500 4400

3 Points* 101 Points 401 Points 1601 Points

190 950 2300 6900
190 950 2300 6900
190 1000 2500 7400

*3 data point sweeps taken at 2, 4, and 6 GHz

Trigger Mode Measurement Speed (ms/point)

GPIB 1.5

External TTL 1.2

Internal 0.8

Data Format

32 Bit
64 Bit
ASCII

*3 data point sweeps taken at 2, 4, and 6 GHz

15

INTERFACES

37000C Front Panel Connectors and Controls:

Keyboard Input:

An IBM-AT compatible keyboard can be
connected to the front panel for navigating through front panel
menus, annotation of data files and display labels, printing
displays and pausing instrument sweeps.

Test Ports (37200C and 37300C): Universal K male test

ports are standard on all models except for the >40 GHz models
which have Universal V male test ports as standard. For
additional configurations check Test Port Converters (Option 7).

Bias Inputs, Port 1 and 2 (37300C): 0.5 amps maximum

through BNC connectors.

Source Input Loop (37100C): Provides external source

input capability, replacing the internal source.

RF Output (37100C): K, female, provides source RF output.
a1,a2,b1,b2Inputs (37100C): K, female, provide inputs to

the samplers.

Source Lock Output (37100C): Provides a sample of the

internal source, at -9 dB (typical) relative to the internal source
power.

Port 1 Amplifier Loop (37300C): Provides access to

insert an external amplifier, ahead of the port 1 coupler or
bridge, to increase port 1 power output, up to +30 dBm
(1 watt) maximum.

37000C Rear Panel Connectors and Controls:

PRINTER OUT:

Centronics interface for an external printer.

VGA OUT: Provides VGA output of 37000C video display.
SERIAL: 9-Pin male DSUB connector.Provides RS-232 serial

port control for an AutoCal®module (3658 series).

10 MHz REF IN: Connects to external reference frequency

standard, 10 MHz, +5 to -5 dBm, 50Ω, BNC female.

10 MHz REF OUT: Connects to internal reference frequency

standard, 10 MHz, 0 dBm, 50Ω, BNC female.

EXT ANALOG OUT: -10V to +10V with 5 mV resolution,

varying in proportion to user-selected data (e.g., frequency,
amplitude). BNC female.

EXT ANALOG IN: ±50 volt input for displaying external

signals on the LCD.BNC female.

LINE SELECTION: Power supply automatically senses

100V, 120V, 220V or 240V lines.

EXTERNAL TRIGGER: External TTL triggering for 37000C

measurement. 10 kΩ input impedance, BNC female.

REFERENCE EXTENSION: The 37300C provides access

to the a1and b1samplers as standard.The 37200C provides
access to a1as an option. K female connectors are used,
except for >40 GHz models where V female connectors
are used.

EXTERNAL SCSI: Provides SCSI-2 connector for

connection of an external SCSI hard disk drive (Option 4).

EXTERNAL I/O: 25-pin DSUB connector.
LIMITS PASS/FAIL: Selectable TTL levels (Pass=0V,

Fail=+5V or Pass=+5V, Fail=0V. Additionally, 0 volts
(all displayed channels pass) or +5V (any one of four displayed
channels fail) output pass/fail status (1 line).

PORT 1 SOURCE ATTENUATOR (37100C): Drive signal

for a source external programmable step attenuator.

PORT 2 TEST ATTENUATOR (37100C): Drive signal for

a test external programmable step attenuator.

TRANSFER SWITCH (37100C): Drive signal for an

external transfer switch.

GENERAL

Power Requirements: 85-240 volts, 48-63 Hz,

540 VA maximum

Dimensions: 267 H x 432 W x 585 D mm

(10.5 H x 17 W x 23 D in.)

Weight: 27 kg (60 lb)-(2-man lift required)
Storage Temperature Range: -40°C to +75°C
Operating Temperature Range: 0°C to +50°C
Relative Humidity: 5% to 95% at +40°C
EMI: Meets the emissions and immunity requirements of

EN55011/1991 Class A/CISPR-11 Class A
EN50082-1/1993

IEC 801-2/1984 (4 kV CD, 8 kV AD)
IEC 1000-4-3/1995 (3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz)
IEC 801-4/1988 (500V SL, 1000V PL)
IEC 1000-4-5/1995 (2 kV L-E, 1 kV L-L)

©Anritsu January 2003; Rev: C 11410-00247
Data subject to change without notice 37100C/37200C/37300C Vector Network Analyzers Technical Data Sheet

Microwave Measurements Division •490 Jarvis Drive • Morgan Hill, CA 95037-2809

http://www.us.anritsu.com• FAX [phone]

Sales Centers:

United States (800) ANRITSU
Canada (800) ANRITSU
South America 55 (21) 286-9141

Sales Centers:

Europe 44 (0) 1582 433433
Japan 81 (03) 3446-1111
Asia-Pacific 65-2822400

LRL/LRM-Calibration method of Rohde & Schwarz, Germany
GPC

−

7 is a registered trademark of Amphenol Corporation.
K Connector and V Connector are registered trademarks of Anritsu Company.
AutoCal is a registered trademark of Anritsu Company .