Analog Devices ADSP BF535 a Datasheet

Blackfin

KEY FEATURES 350 MHz High Performance Blackfin Processor Core Two 16-Bit MACs, Two 40-Bit ALUs, One 40-Bit Shifter,

Four 8-Bit Video ALUs, and Two 40-Bit Accumulators

RISC-Like Register and Instruction Model for Ease of

Programming and Compiler Friendly Support

Advanced Debug, Trace, and Performance Monitoring

1.0 V– 1.6 V Core V

3.3 V I/O 260-Ball PBGA Package

MEMORY 308K Bytes of On-Chip Memory:

16K Bytes of Instruction L1 SRAM/Cache 32K Bytes of Data L1 SRAM/Cache 4K Bytes of Scratch Pad L1 SRAM 256K Bytes of Full Speed, Low Latency L2 SRAM

Memory DMA Controller

with Dynamic Power Management

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

Embedded Processor

ADSP-BF535

Memory Management Unit for Memory Protection Glueless External Memory Controllers

Synchronous SDRAM Support Asynchronous with SRAM, Flash, ROM Support

PERIPHERALS 32-Bit, 33 MHz, 3.3 V, PCI 2.2 Compliant Bus Interface

with Master and Slave Support Integrated USB 1.1 Compliant Device Interface Two UARTs, One with IrDA Two SPI Compatible Ports Two Full-Duplex Synchronous Serial Ports (SPORTs) Four Timer/Counters, Three with PWM Support Sixteen Bidirectional Programmable Flag I/O Pins Watchdog Timer Real-Time Clock On-Chip PLL with 1ⴛ to 31ⴛ Frequency Multiplier

JTAG TEST AND EMULATION

L1 INSTRUCTION MEMORY

MMU

SYSTEM BUS INTERFACE UNIT

INTERRUPT CONTROLLER/ TIMER

L1 DATA MEMORY

256K BYTES L2 SRAM

DMA CONTROLLER

BOOT ROM

WATCHDOG TIMER

REAL-TIME CLOCK

UART PORT 0 IrDA

UART PORT 1

TIMER0, TIMER1, TIMER2

PROGRAMMABLE

FLAGS

USB INTERFACE

SERIAL PORTS (2)

SPI PORTS (2)

PCI BUS INTERFACE

EXTERNAL PORT FLASH SDRAM CONTROL

Blackfin and the Blackfin logo are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc.

REV. A

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

ADSP-BF535

GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Portable Low Power Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

System Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

ADSP-BF535 Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Processor Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Memory Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Internal (On-Chip) Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

External (Off-Chip) Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

PCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

I/O Memory Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Booting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Event Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Core Event Controller (CEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

System Interrupt Controller (SIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Event Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

DMA Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

External Memory Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

PC133 SDRAM Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Asynchronous Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

PCI Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

PCI Host Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

PCI Target Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

USB Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Real-Time Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Serial Ports (Sports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Ports . . . . . . . . . . . 10

UART Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Programmable Flags (PFX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Dynamic Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Full On Operating Mode

– Maximum Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Active Operating Mode

– Moderate Power Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Sleep Operating Mode

– High Power Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Deep Sleep Operating Mode

– Maximum Power Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Mode Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Power Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Peripheral Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Clock Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Booting Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Instruction Set Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Development Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

EZ-KITLite™ forADSP-BF535 Blackfin Processor 16 Designing an Emulator Compatible

Processor Board (Target) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

PIN DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Unused Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . 22

ESD SENSITIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

TIMING SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Clock and Reset Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Programmable Flags Cycle Timing . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Timer PWM_OUT Cycle Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Asynchronous Memory Write Cycle Timing . . . . 27

Asynchronous Memory Read Cycle Timing . . . . . 28

SDRAM Interface Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Serial Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port

—Master Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Port

—Slave Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter

(UART) Port—Receive and Transmit Timing . 34

JTAG Test and Emulation Port Timing . . . . . . . . 35

Output Drive Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Output Enable Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Output Disable Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Example System Hold Time Calculation . . . . . 37

Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

260-Ball PBGA Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The ADSP-BF535 processor is a member of the Blackfin processor family of products, incorporating the Micro Signal Architecture (MSA), jointly developed by Analog Devices, Inc. and Intel Corporation. The architecture combines a dual MAC state-of-the-art signal processing engine, the advantages of a clean, orthogonal RISC-like microprocessor instruction set, and Single-Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) multimedia capabilities into a single instruction set architecture.

By integrating a rich set of industry leading system peripherals and memory, Blackfin processors are the platform of choice for next generation applications that require RISC-like programmability, multimedia support, and leading edge signal processing in one integrated package.

Portable Low Power Architecture

Blackfin processors provide world class power management and performance. Blackfin processors are designed in a low power and low voltage design methodology and feature dynamic power management, the ability to independently vary both the voltage and frequency of operation to significantly lower overall power consumption. Varying the voltage and frequency can result in a substantial reduction in power consumption, by comparison to just varying the frequency of operation. This translates into longer battery life for portable appliances.

System Integration

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor is a highly integrated system-on-a-chip solution for the next generation of digital communication and portable Internet appliances. By combining industry-standard interfaces with a high performance signal processing core, users can develop cost-effective solutions quickly without the need for costly external components. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor system peripherals include UARTs, SPIs, SPORTs, general-purpose Timers, a Real-Time

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ADSP-BF535

Clock, Programmable Flags, Watchdog Timer, and USB and PCI buses for glueless peripheral expansion.

ADSP-BF535 Peripherals

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor contains a rich set of peripherals connected to the core via several high bandwidth buses, providing flexibility in system configuration as well as excellent overall system performance. See Functional Block Diagram on Page 1. The base peripherals include generalpurpose functions such as UARTs, timers with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and pulse measurement capability, generalpurpose flag I/O pins, a real-time clock, and a watchdog timer. This set of functions satisfies a wide variety of typical system support needs and is augmented by the system expansion capabilities of the part. In addition to these general-purpose peripherals, the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor contains high speed serial ports for interfaces to a variety of audio and modem CODEC functions. It also contains an event handler for flexible management of interrupts from the on-chip peripherals and external sources. And it contains power management control functions to tailor the performance and power characteristics of the processor and system to many application scenarios.

The on-chip peripherals can be easily augmented in many system designs with little or no glue logic due to the inclusion of several interfaces providing expansion on industry-standard buses. These include a 32-bit, 33 MHz, V2.2 compliant PCI bus, SPI serial expansion ports, and a device type USB port. These enable the connection of a large variety of peripheral devices to tailor the system design to specific applications with a minimum of design complexity.

All of the peripherals, except for programmable flags, real-time clock, and timers, are suppor ted by a flexible DMA structure with individual DMA channels integrated into the peripherals. There is also a separate memory DMA channel dedicated to data transfers between the various memory spaces including external SDRAM and asynchronous memory, internal Level 1 and Level 2 SRAM, and PCI memory spaces. Multiple on-chip 32-bit buses, running at up to 133 MHz, provide adequate bandwidth to keep the processor core running along with activity on all of the on-chip and external peripherals.

Processor Core

As shown in Figure 1, the Blackfin processor core contains two multiplier/accumulators (MACs), two 40-bit ALUs, four video ALUs, and a single shifter. The computational units process 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit data from the register file.

Each MAC performs a 16-bit by 16-bit multiply in every cycle, with an accumulation to a 40-bit result, providing 8 bits of extended precision.

The ALUs perform a standard set of arithmetic and logical operations. With two ALUs capable of operating on 16- or 32-bit data, the flexibility of the computation units covers the signal processing requirements of a varied set of application needs. Each of the two 32-bit input registers can be regarded as two 16-bit halves, so each ALU can accomplish very flexible single 16-bit arithmetic operations. By viewing the registers as pairs of 16-bit operands, dual 16-bit or single 32-bit operations can be accomplished in a single cycle. Quad 16-bit operations can be accomplished simply, by taking advantage of the second ALU. This accelerates the per cycle throughput.

ADDRESS A RITHMET IC U NIT

FP P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0

I2 I1 I0

BARREL

SHIFTER

16 16

A0 A1

DATA AR ITH MET IC UNIT

M3 M2 M1

88 8 8

40 40

DAG 0 DAG1

SEQUENCER

ALI GN

DEC ODE

LO OP BUF FER

CONTROL

UNIT

Figure 1. Processor Core

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ADSP-BF535

The powerful 40-bit shifter has extensive capabilities for performing shifting, rotating, normalization, extraction, and for depositing data.

The data for the computational units is found in a multiported register file of sixteen 16-bit entries or eight 32-bit entries.

A powerful program sequencer controls the flow of instruction execution, including instruction alignment and decoding. The sequencer supports conditional jumps and subroutine calls, as well as zero-overhead looping. A loop buffer stores instructions locally, eliminating instruction memory accesses for tightly looped code.

Two data address generators (DAGs) provide addresses for simultaneous dual operand fetches from memory. The DAGs share a register file containing four sets of 32-bit Index, Modify, Length, and Base registers. Eight additional 32-bit registers provide pointers for general indexing of variables and stack locations.

Blackfin processors support a modified Harvard architecture in combination with a hierarchical memory structure. Level 1 (L1) memories are those that typically operate at the full processor speed with little or no latency. Level 2 (L2) memories are other memories, on-chip or off-chip, that may take multiple processor cycles to access. At the L1 level, the instruction memory holds instructions only. The two data memories hold data, and a dedicated scratch pad data memory stores stack and local variable information. At the L2 level, there is a single unified memory space, holding both instructions and data.

In addition, the L1 instruction memory and L1 data memories may be configured as either Static RAMs (SRAMs) or caches. The Memory Management Unit (MMU) provides memory protection for individual tasks that may be operating on the core and may protect system registers from unintended access.

The architecture provides three modes of operation: user mode, supervisor mode, and Emulation mode. User mode has restricted access to certain system resources, thus providing a protected software environment, while supervisor mode has unrestricted access to the system and core resources.

The Blackfin processor instruction set has been optimized so that 16-bit op-codes represent the most frequently used instructions, resulting in excellent compiled code density. Complex DSP instructions are encoded into 32-bit op-codes, representing fully featured multifunction instructions. Blackfin processors support a limited multiple issue capability, where a 32-bit instruction can be issued in parallel with two 16-bit instructions, allowing the programmer to use many of the core resources in a single instruction cycle.

The Blackfin processor assembly language uses an algebraic syntax for ease of coding and readability. The architecture has been optimized for use in conjunction with the C/C++ compiler, resulting in fast and efficient software implementations.

Memory Architecture

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor views memory as a single unified 4 Gbyte address space, using 32-bit addresses. All resources, including internal memory, external memory, PCI

address spaces, and I/O control registers, occupy separate sections of this common address space. The memory portions of this address space are arranged in a hierarchical structure to provide a good cost/performance balance with very fast, low latency memory as cache or SRAM very close to the processor; and larger, lower cost, and lower performance memory systems farther away from the processor. See Figure 2.

0xFFFF FFFF

0xFFE0 0000

0xFFC0 0000

0xFFB0 1000

0xFFB0 0000

0xFFA0 4000

0xFFA0 0000

0xFF90 4000

0xFF90 0000

0xFF80 4000

0xFF80 0000

0xF003 FFFF

0xF000 0000

0xEF00 0000

0xEEFF FFFC

0xEEFF FF00

0xEEFE FFFF

0xEEFE 0000

0xE7FF FFFF

0xE000 0000

0x2FFF FFFF

0x2C00 0000

0x2800 0000

0x2400 0000

0x2000 0000

0x1800 0000

0x1000 0000

0x0800 0000

0x0000 0000

THE ADDRESSES SHOWN FOR THE SDRAM BANKS REFLECT A FULLY POPULATED SDRAM ARRAY WITH 512M BYTES OF MEMORY. IF ANY BANK CONTAINS LESS THAN 128M BYTES OF MEMORY, THAT BANK WOULD EXTEND ONLY TO THE LENGTH OF THE REAL MEMORY SYSTEMS, AND THE END ADDRESS WOULD BECOME THE START ADDRESS OF THE NEXT BANK. THIS WOULD CONTINUE FOR ALL FOUR BANKS, WITH ANY REMAINING SPACE BETWEEN THE END OF MEMORY BANK 3 AND THE BEGINNING OF ASYNC MEMORY BANK 0, AT ADDRESS 0x2000 0000, TREATED AS RESERVED ADDRESS SPACE.

CORE MMR REGISTERS (2M BYTE)

SYSTEM MMR REGISTERS (2M BYTE)

RESERVED

SCRATCHPAD SRAM (4K BYTE)

RESERVED

INSTRUCTION SRAM (16K BYTE)

RESERVED

DATA BANK B SRAM (16K BYTE)

RESERVED

DATA BANK A SRAM (16K BYTE)

RESERVED

L2 SRAM MEMORY (256K BYTE)

RESERVED

PCI CONFIG SPACE PORT (4 BYTE)

PCI CONFIG REGISTERS (64K BYTE)

RESERVED

PCI IO SPACE (64K BYTE)

RESERVED

PCI MEMORY SPACE (128M BYTE)

RESERVED

ASYNCMEMORYBANK3(64MBYTE)

ASYNC MEMORY BANK 2 (64M BYTE)

ASYNC MEMORY BANK 1 (64M BYTE)

ASYNCMEMORYBANK0(64MBYTE)

SDRAM MEMORY BANK 3 (16M BYTE - 128M BYTE)

SDRAM MEMORY BANK 2 (16M BYTE - 128M BYTE)

SDRAM MEMORY BANK 1 (16M BYTE - 128M BYTE)

SDRAM MEMORY BANK 0 (16M BYTE - 128M BYTE)

P A M

Y R O M E M

L A N R E T N

P A M

Y R O M E M

L A N R E T X E

Figure 2. Internal/External Memory Map

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ADSP-BF535

The L1 memory system is the primary highest performance memory available to the Blackfin processor core. The L2 memory provides additional capacity with slightly lower performance. Lastly, the off-chip memory system, accessed through the External Bus Interface Unit (EBIU), provides expansion with SDRAM, flash memory, and SRAM, optionally accessing more than 768M bytes of external physical memory.

The memory DMA controller provides high bandwidth datamovement capability. It can perform block transfers of code or data between the internal L1/L2 memories and the external memory spaces (including PCI memory space).

Internal (On-Chip) Memory

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor has four blocks of on-chip memory providing high bandwidth access to the core.

The first is the L1 instruction memory consisting of 16K bytes of 4-Way set-associative cache memory. In addition, the memory may be configured as an SRAM. This memory is accessed at full processor speed.

The second on-chip memory block is the L1 data memory, consisting of two banks of 16K bytes each. Each L1 data memory bank can be configured as one Way of a 2-Way set-associative cache or as an SRAM, and is accessed at full speed by the core.

The third memory block is a 4K byte scratch pad RAM which runs at the same speed as the L1 memories, but is only accessible as data SRAM (it cannot be configured as cache memory and is not accessible via DMA).

The fourth on-chip memory system is the L2 SRAM memory array which provides 256K bytes of high speed SRAM at the full bandwidth of the core, and slightly longer latency than the L1 memory banks. The L2 memory is a unified instruction and data memory and can hold any mixture of code and data required by the system design.

The Blackfin processor core has a dedicated low latency 64-bit wide datapath port into the L2 SRAM memory.

External (Off-Chip) Memory

External memory is accessed via the External Bus Interface Unit (EBIU). This interface provides a glueless connection to up to four banks of synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) as well as up to four banks of asynchronous memory devices including flash, EPROM, ROM, SRAM, and memory-mapped I/O devices.

The PC133 compliant SDRAM controller can be programmed to interface to up to four banks of SDRAM, with each bank containing between 16M bytes and 128M bytes providing access to up to 512M bytes of SDRAM. Each bank is independently programmable and is contiguous with adjacent banks regardless of the sizes of the different banks or their placement. This allows flexible configuration and upgradability of system memory while allowing the core to view all SDRAM as a single, contiguous, physical address space.

The asynchronous memory controller can also be programmed to control up to four banks of devices with very flexible timing parameters for a wide variety of devices. Each bank occupies a

64 Mbyte segment regardless of the size of the devices used so that these banks will only be contiguous if fully populated with 64M bytes of memory.

PCI

The PCI bus defines three separate address spaces, which are accessed through windows in the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor memory space. These spaces are PCI memory, PCI I/O, and PCI configuration.

In addition, the PCI interface can either be used as a bridge from the processor core as the controlling CPU in the system, or as a host port where another CPU in the system is the host and the ADSP-BF535 is functioning as an intelligent I/O device on the PCI bus.

When the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor acts as the system controller, it views the PCI address spaces through its mapped windows and can initialize all devices in the system and maintain a map of the topology of the environment.

The PCI memory region is a 4 Gbyte space that appears on the PCI bus and can be used to map memory I/O devices on the bus. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor uses a 128 Mbyte window in memory space to see a portion of the PCI memory space. A base address register is provided to position this window anywhere in the 4 Gbyte PCI memory space while its position with respect to the processor addresses remains fixed.

The PCI I/O region is also a 4 Gbyte space. However, most systems and I/O devices only use a 64 Kbyte subset of this space for I/O mapped addresses. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor implements a 64K byte window into this space along with a base address register which can be used to position it anywhere in the PCI I/O address space, while the window remains at the same address in the processor's address space.

PCI configuration space is a limited address space, which is used for system enumeration and initialization. This address space is a very low performance communication mode between the processor and PCI devices. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides a one-value window to access a single data value at any address in PCI configuration space. This window is fixed and receives the address of the value, and the value if the operation is a write. Otherwise, the device returns the value into the same address on a read operation.

I/O Memory Space

Blackfin processors do not define a separate I/O space. All resources are mapped through the flat 32-bit address space. On-chip I/O devices have their control registers mapped into memory-mapped registers (MMRs) at addresses near the top of the 4 Gbyte address space. These are separated into two smaller blocks, one which contains the control MMRs for all core functions, and the other which contains the registers needed for setup and control of the on-chip peripherals outside of the core. The core MMRs are accessible only by the core and only in supervisor mode and appear as reserved space by on-chip peripherals, as well as external devices accessing resources through the PCI bus. The system MMRs are accessible by the core in supervisor mode and can be mapped as either visible or reserved to other devices, depending on the system protection model desired.

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ADSP-BF535

Booting

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor contains a small boot kernel, which configures the appropriate peripheral for booting. I f t h e A D S P - B F 5 3 5 B l a c k f i n p r o c e s s o r i s c o n f i g u r e d t o b o o t f r o m boot ROM memory space, the processor starts executing from the on-chip boot ROM. For more information, see Booting

Modes on Page 14.

Event Handling

The event controller on the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor handles all asynchronous and synchronous events to the processor. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides event handling that supports both nesting and prioritization. Nesting allows multiple event service routines to be active simultaneously. Prioritization ensures that servicing of a higher-priority event takes precedence over servicing of a lower priority event. The controller provides support for five different types of events:

• Emulation—An emulation event causes the processor to

enter emulation mode, allowing command and control of the processor via the JTAG interface.

• Reset—This event resets the processor.

• Non-Maskable Interr upt (NMI)—The NMI event can be

generated by the software watchdog timer or by the NMI input signal to the processor. The NMI event is frequently used as a power-down indicator to initiate an orderly shutdown of the system.

• Exceptions—Events that occur synchronously to program

flow, for example, the exception will be taken before the instruction is allowed to complete. Conditions such as data alignment violations, undefined instructions, and so on, cause exceptions.

• Interrupts—Events that occur asynchronously to

program flow. They are caused by timers, peripherals, input pins, explicit software instructions, and so on.

Each event has an associated register to hold the return address and an associated return-from-event instruction. The state of the processor is saved on the supervisor stack, when an event is triggered.

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor event controller consists of two stages, the Core Event Controller (CEC) and the System Interrupt Controller (SIC). The Core Event Controller works with the System Interrupt Controller to prioritize and control all system events. Conceptually, interrupts from the peripherals enter into the SIC, and are then routed directly into the generalpurpose interrupts of the CEC.

Core Event Controller (CEC)

The CEC supports nine general-purpose interrupts (IVG15 –7), in addition to the dedicated interrupt and exception events. Of these general-purpose interrupts, the two lowest priority interrupts (IVG15–14) are recommended to be reserved for software interrupt handlers, leaving seven prioritized interrupt inputs to

support the peripherals of the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor.

Table 1 describes the inputs to the CEC, identifies their names

in the Event Vector Table (EVT), and lists their priorities.

Table 1. Core Event Controller (CEC)

Priority (0 is Highest) Event Class EVT Entry

0Emulation/Test EMU 1 Reset RST 2 Non-Maskable NMI 3 Exceptions EVX 4 Global Enable 5Hardware ErrorIVHW 6Core Timer IVTMR 7 General Interrupt 7 IVG7 8 General Interrupt 8 IVG8 9 General Interrupt 9 IVG9 10 General Interrupt 10 IVG10 11 General Interrupt 11 IVG11 12 General Interrupt 12 IVG12 13 General Interrupt 13 IVG13 14 General Interrupt 14 IVG14 15 General Interrupt 15 IVG15

System Interrupt Controller (SIC)

The System Interrupt Controller provides the mapping and routing of events from the many peripheral interrupt sources to the prioritized general-purpose interrupt inputs of the CEC. Although the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides a default mapping, the user can alter the mappings and priorities of interrupt events by writing the appropriate values into the Interrupt Assignment Registers (IAR). Table 2 describes the inputs into the SIC and the default mappings into the CEC.

Table 2. System Interrupt Controller (SIC)

Peripheral Interrupt Event

Real-Time Clock 0 IVG7 Reserved 1 USB 2 IVG7 PCI Interrupt 3 IVG7 SPORT 0 Rx DMA 4 IVG8 SPORT 0 Tx DMA 5 IVG8 SPORT 1 Rx DMA 6 IVG8 SPORT 1 Tx DMA 7 IVG8 SPI 0 DMA 8 IVG9 SPI 1 DMA 9 IVG9 UART 0 Rx 10 IVG10 UART 0 Tx 11 IVG10 UART 1 Rx 12 IVG10 UART 1 Tx 13 IVG10 Timer 0 14 IVG11 Timer 1 15 IVG11 Timer 2 16 IVG11 GPIO Interrupt A 17 IVG12 GPIO Interrupt B 18 IVG12

Peripheral Interrupt ID

Default Mapping

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ADSP-BF535

Table 2. System Interrupt Controller (SIC) (continued)

Peripheral Interrupt Event

Memory DMA 19 IVG13 Software Watchdog Timer 20 IVG13 Reserved 26–21 Software Interrupt 1 27 IVG14 Software Interrupt 2 28 IVG15

Event Control

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides the user with a very flexible mechanism to control the processing of events. In the CEC, three registers are used to coordinate and control events. Each of the registers is 16 bits wide, and each bit represents a particular event class:

• CEC Interrupt Latch Register (ILAT)—The ILAT

register indicates when events have been latched. The appropriate bit is set when the processor has latched the event and cleared when the event has been accepted into the system. This register is updated automatically by the controller but may be read while in supervisor mode.

• CEC Interrupt Mask Register (IMASK)—The IMASK

register controls the masking and unmasking of individual events. When a bit is set in the IMASK register, that event is unmasked and will be processed by the CEC when asserted. A cleared bit in the IMASK register masks the event thereby preventing the processor from servicing the event even though the event may be latched in the ILAT register. This register may be read from or written to while in supervisor mode. (Note that general-purpose interrupts can be globally enabled and disabled with the STI and CLI instructions, respectively.)

• CEC Interrupt Pending Register (IPEND)—The

IPEND register keeps track of all nested events. A set bit in the IPEND register indicates the event is currently active or nested at some level. This register is updated automatically by the controller but may be read while in supervisor mode.

The SIC allows further control of event processing by providing three 32-bit interrupt control and status registers. Each register contains a bit corresponding to each of the peripheral interrupt events shown in Table 2.

• SIC Interrupt Mask Register (SIC_IMASK)—This

register controls the masking and unmasking of each peripheral interrupt event. When a bit is set in the register, that peripheral event is unmasked and will be processed by the system when asserted. A cleared bit in the register masks the peripheral event thereby preventing the processor from servicing the event.

• SIC Interrupt Status Register (SIC_ISTAT)—As

multiple peripherals can be mapped to a single event, this register allows the software to determine which peripheral

Peripheral Interrupt ID

Default Mapping

event source triggered the interrupt. A set bit indicates the peripheral is asserting the interrupt, a cleared bit indicates the peripheral is not asserting the event.

• SIC Interrupt Wakeup Enable Register (SIC_IWR)—By

enabling the corresponding bit in this register, each peripheral can be configured to wake up the processor, should the processor be in a powered down mode when the event is generated. (See Dynamic Power Management

on Page 11.)

Because multiple interrupt sources can map to a single generalpurpose interrupt, multiple pulse assertions can occur simultaneously, before or during interrupt processing for an interrupt event already detected on this interrupt input. The IPEND register contents are monitored by the SIC as the interrupt acknowledgement.

The appropriate ILAT register bit is set when an interrupt rising edge is detected (detection requires two core clock cycles). The bit is cleared when the respective IPEND register bit is set. The IPEND bit indicates that the event has entered into the processor pipeline. At this point, the CEC will recognize and queue the next rising edge event on the corresponding event input. The minimum latency from the rising edge transition of the generalpurpose interrupt to the IPEND output asserted is three core clock cycles; however, the latency can be much higher, depending on the activity within and the mode of the processor.

DMA Controllers

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor has multiple, independent DMA controllers that support automated data transfers with minimal overhead for the Blackfin processor core. DMA transfers can occur between the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor's internal memories and any of its DMA-capable peripherals. Additionally, DMA transfers can be accomplished between any of the DMA-capable peripherals and external devices connected to the external memory interfaces, including the SDRAM controller, the asynchronous memory controller and the PCI bus interface. DMA-capable peripherals include the SPORTs, SPI ports, UARTs, and USB port. Each individual DMA-capable peripheral has at least one dedicated DMA channel. DMA to and from PCI is accomplished by the memory DMA channel.

To describe each DMA sequence, the DMA controller uses a set of parameters called a descriptor block. When successive DMA sequences are needed, these descriptor blocks can be linked or chained together, so the completion of one DMA sequence autoinitiates and starts the next sequence. The descriptor blocks include full 32-bit addresses for the base pointers for source and destination, enabling access to the entire ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor address space.

In addition to the dedicated peripheral DMA channels, there is a separate memory DMA channel provided for transfers between the various memories of the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor system. This enables transfers of blocks of data between any of the memories, including on-chip Level 2 memory, external SDRAM, ROM, SRAM, and flash memory, and PCI address spaces with little processor intervention.

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External Memory Control

The External Bus Interface Unit (EBIU) on the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides a high performance, glueless interface to a wide variety of industry-standard memory devices. The controller is made up of two sections: the first is an SDRAM controller for connection of industry-standard synchronous DRAM devices and DIMMs (Dual Inline Memory Module), while the second is an asynchronous memory controller intended to interface to a variety of memory devices.

PC133 SDRAM Controller

The SDRAM controller provides an interface to up to four separate banks of industry-standard SDRAM devices or DIMMs, at speeds up to f SDRAM standard, each bank can be configured to contain between 16M bytes and 128M bytes of memory.

The controller maintains all of the banks as a contiguous address space so that the processor sees this as a single address space, even if different size devices are used in the different banks. This enables a system design where the configuration can be upgraded after delivery with either similar or different memories.

A set of programmable timing pa rameters is available to configure the SDRAM banks to support slower memory devices. The memory banks can be configured as either 32 bits wide for maximum performance and bandwidth or 16 bits wide for minimum device count and lower system cost.

All four banks share common SDRAM control signals and have their own bank select lines providing a completely glueless interface for most system configurations.

The SDRAM controller address, data, clock, and command pins can drive loads up to 50 pF. For larger memory systems, the SDRAM controller external buffer timing should be selected and external buffering should be provided so that the load on the SDRAM controller pins does not exceed 50 pF.

Asynchronous Controller

The asynchronous memory controller provides a configurable interface for up to four separate banks of memory or I/O devices. Each bank can be independently programmed with different timing parameters, enabling connection to a wide variety of memory devices including SRAM, ROM, and flash EPROM, as well as I/O devices that interface with standard memory control lines. Each bank occupies a 64 Mbyte window in the processor’s address space but, if not fully populated, these windows are not made contiguous by the memory controller logic. The banks can also be configured as 16-bit wide or 32-bit wide buses for ease of interfacing to a range of memories and I/O devices tailored either to high performance or to low cost and power.

. Fully compliant with the PC133

SCLK

processor core and on-chip peripherals and an external PCI bus. The PCI interface of the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor supports two PCI functions:

• A host to PCI bridge function, in which the ADSP-BF535

Blackfin processor resources (the processor core, internal and external memory, and the memory DMA controller) provide the necessary hardware components to emulate a host computer PCI interface, from the perspective of a PCI target device.

• A PCI target function, in which an ADSP-BF535 Blackfin

processor based intelligent peripheral can be designed to easily interface to a Revision 2.2 compliant PCI bus.

PCI Host Function

As the PCI host, the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides the necessary PCI host (platform) functions required to support and control a variety of off-the-shelf PCI I/O devices (for example, Ethernet controllers, bus bridges, and so on) in a system in which the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor is the host.

Note that the Blackfin processor architecture defines only memory space (no I/O or configuration address spaces). The three address spaces of PCI space (memory, I/O, and configuration space) are mapped into the flat 32-bit memory space of the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor. Because the PCI memory space is as large as the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor memory address space, a windowed approach is employed, with separate windows in the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor address space used for accessing the three PCI address spaces. Base address registers are provided so that these windows can be positioned to view any range in the PCI address spaces while the windows remain fixed in position in the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor’s address range.

For devices on the PCI bus viewing the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor’s resources, several mapping registers are provided to enable resources to be viewed in the PCI address space. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor’s external memory space, internal L2, and some I/O MMRs can be selectively enabled as memory spaces that devices on the PCI bus can use as targets for PCI memory transactions.

PCI Target Function

As a PCI target device, the PCI host processor can configure the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor subsystem during enumeration of the PCI bus system. Once configured, the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor subsystem acts as an intelligent I/O device. When configured as a target device, the PCI controller uses the memory DMA controller to perform DMA transfers as required by the PCI host.

PCI Interface

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides a glueless logical and electrical, 33 MHz, 3.3 V, 32-bit PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), Revision 2.2 compliant interface. The PCI interface is designed for a 3 V signalling environment. The PCI interface provides a bus bridge function between the

USB Device

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides a USB 1.1 compliant device type interface to support direct connection to a host system. The USB core interface provides a flexible programmable environment with up to eight endpoints. Each endpoint can support all of the USB data types including control, bulk, interrupt, and isochronous. Each endpoint provides a memory-mapped buffer for transferring data to the application. The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor USB port has a dedicated

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DMA controller and interrupt input to minimize processor polling overhead and to enable asynchronous requests for CPU attention only when transfer management is required.

The USB device requires an external 48 MHz oscillator. The value of SCLK must always exceed 48 MHz for proper USB operation.

Real-Time Clock

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor Real-Time Clock (RTC) provides a robust set of digital watch features, including current time, stopwatch, and alarm. The RTC is clocked by a 32.768 kHz crystal external to the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor. The RTC peripheral has dedicated power supply pins, so that it can remain powered up and clocked, even when the rest of the processor is in a low power state. The RTC provides several programmable interrupt options, including inter rupt per second, minute, or day clock ticks, interrupt on programmable stopwatch countdown, or interrupt at a programmed alarm time.

The 32.768 kHz input clock frequency is divided down to a 1 Hz signal by a prescaler. The counter function of the timer consists of four counters: a 6-bit second counter, a 6-bit minute counter, a 5-bit hours counter, and an 8-bit day counter.

When enabled, the alarm function generates an interrupt when the output of the timer matches the programmed value in the alarm control register. There are two alarms: one is for a time of day, the second is for a day and time of that day.

The stopwatch function counts down from a programmed value, with one minute resolution. When the stopwatch is enabled and the counter underflows, an interrupt is generated.

Like the other peripherals, the RTC can wake up the ADSPBF535 Blackfin processor from a low power state upon generation of any interrupt.

Connect RTC pins XTALI and XTALO with external components, as shown in Figure 3.

XTAL1

C1 C2

SUGGESTED COMPONENTS: ECLIPTEK EC38J (THROUGH-HOLE PACKAGE) EPSON MC405 12pF LOAD (SURFACE-MOUNT PACKAGE) C1 = 22pF C2 = 22pF

NOTE: C1 AND C2 ARE SPECIFIC TO CRYSTAL SPECIFIED FOR X1. CONTACT CRYSTAL MANUFACTURER FOR DETAILS. C1 AND C2 SPECIFICATIONS ASSUME BOARD TRACE CAPACITANCE OF 3pF.

Figure 3. External Components for RTC

Watchdog Timer

XTAL0

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor includes a 32-bit timer, which can be used to implement a software watchdog function. A software watchdog can improve system availability by forcing

the processor to a known state, via generation of a hardware reset, non-maskable interrupt (NMI), or general-purpose interrupt, if the timer expires before being reset by software. The programmer initializes the count value of the timer, enables the appropriate interrupt, then enables the timer. Thereafter, the software must reload the counter before it counts to zero from the programmed value. This protects the system from remaining in an unknown state where software, which would normally reset the timer, has stopped running because of external noise conditions or a software error.

After a reset, software can determine if the watchdog was the source of the hardware reset by interrogating a status bit in the timer control register, which is set only upon a watchdog generated reset.

The timer is clocked by the system clock (SCLK), at a maximum frequency of f

Timers

SCLK

There are four programmable timer units in the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor. Three general-purpose timers have an external pin that can be configured either as a Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM) or timer output, as an input to clock the timer, or for measuring pulse widths of external events. Each of the three general-purpose timer units can be independently programmed as a PWM, internally or externally clocked timer, or pulse width counter.

The general-purpose timer units can be used in conjunction with the UARTs to measure the width of the pulses in the data stream to provide an autobaud detect function for a serial channel.

The general-purpose timers can generate interrupts to the processor core providing periodic events for synchronization, either to the processor clock or to a count of external signals.

In addition to the three general-purpose programmable timers, a fourth timer is also provided. This extra timer is clocked by the internal processor clock (CCLK) and is typically used as a system tick clock for the generation of operating system periodic interrupts.

Serial Ports (Sports)

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor incorporates two complete synchronous serial ports (SPORT0 and SPORT1) for serial and multiprocessor communications. The SPORTs support these features:

• Bidirectional operation—Each SPORT has independent

transmit and receive pins.

• Buffered (8-deep) transmit and receive ports—Each port

has a data register for transferring data-words to and from other processor components and shift registers for shifting data in and out of the data registers.

• Clocking—Each transmit and receive port can either use

an ex te rn al se ri al cl ock or ge ne ra te it s o wn , in fr equ en ci es ranging from (f

/131070) Hz to (f

SCLK

/2) Hz.

• Word length—Each SPORT supports serial data-words

from 3 to 1 6 b its in le ngth tra nsfer red in a form at of most significant bit first or least significant bit first.

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• Framing—Each transmit and receive port can run with or

without frame sync signals for each data-word. Frame sync signals can be generated internally or externally, active high or low, with either of two pulse widths and early or late frame sync.

• Companding in hardware—Each SPORT can perform

A-law or µ-law companding according to ITU recommendation G.711. Companding can be selected on the transmit and/or receive channel of the SPORT without additional latencies.

• DMA operations with single-cycle overhead—Each

SPORT can automatically receive and transmit multiple buffers of memory data. The Blackfin processor can link or chain sequences of DMA transfers between a SPORT and memory. The chained DMA can be dynamically allocated and updated through the descriptor blocks that set up the chain.

• Interrupts—Each transmit and receive port generates an

interrupt upon completing the transfer of a data-word or after transferring an entire data buffer or buffers through the DMA.

• Multichannel capability—Each SPORT supports 128

channels and is compatible with the H.100, H.110, MVIP-90, and HMVIP standards.

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Ports

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor has two SPI compatible ports that enable the processor to communicate with multiple SPI compatible devices.

The SPI interface uses three pins for transferring data: two data pins (Master Output-Slave Input, MOSIx, and Master InputSlave Output, MISOx) and a clock pin (Serial Clock, SCKx).

SPISSx

Two SPI chip select input pins ( select the processor, and fourteen SPI chip select output pins (SPIxSEL7–1) let the processor select other SPI devices. The SPI select pins are reconfigured programmable flag pins. Using these pins, the SPI ports provide a full duplex, synchronous serial interface, which supports both master and slave modes and multimaster environments.

Each SPI port’s baud rate and clock phase/polarities are programmable (see Figure 4), and each has an integrated DMA controller, configurable to support transmit or receive data streams. The SPI’s DMA controller can only service unidirectional accesses at any given time.

SPI Clock Rate

Figure 4. SPI Clock Rate Calculation

) let other SPI devices

SCLK

------------------------------------ -= 2 SPIBAUD×

During transfers, the SPI ports simultaneously transmit and receive by serially shifting data in and out on two serial data lines. The serial clock line synchronizes the shifting and sampling of data on the two serial data lines.

In master mode, the processor performs the following sequence to set up and initiate SPI transfers:

1. Enables and configures the SPI port’s operation (data size and transfer format).

2. Selects the target SPI slave with an SPIxSELy output pin (reconfigured programmable flag pin).

3. Defines one or more TCBs in the processor’s memory space (optional in DMA mode only).

4. Enables the SPI DMA engine and specifies transfer direction (optional in DMA mode only).

5. Reads or writes the SPI port receive or transmit data buffer (in non-DMA mode only).

The SCKx line generates the programmed clock pulses for simultaneously shifting data out on MOSIx and shifting data in on MISOx. In the DMA mode only, transfers continue until the SPI DMA word count transitions from 1 to 0.

In slave mode, the processor performs the following sequence to set up the SPI port to receive data from a master transmitter:

1. Enables and configures the SPI slave port to match the operation parameters set up on the master (data size and transfer format) SPI transmitter.

2. Defines and generates a receive TCB in the processor’s memory space to interrupt at the end of the data transfer (optional in DMA mode only).

3. Enables the SPI DMA engine for a receive access (optional in DMA mode only).

4. Starts receiving data on the appropriate SPI SCKx edges after receiving an SPI chip select on an SPISSx input pin (reconfigured programmable flag pin) from a master.

In DMA mode only, reception continues until the SPI DMA word count transitions from 1 to 0. The processor can continue, by queuing up the next command TCB.

A slave mode transmit operation is similar, except the processor specifies the data buffer in memory from which to transmit data, generates and relinquishes control of the transmit TCB, and begins filling the SPI port’s data buffer. If the SPI controller is not ready to transmit, it can transmit a “zero” word.

UART Port

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides two full-duplex Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) ports (UART0 and UART1) fully compatible with PC-standard UARTs. The UART ports provide a simplified UART interface to other peripherals or hosts, supporting full-duplex, DMA-supported, asynchronous transfers of serial data. Each UART port

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includes support for 5 to 8 data bits; 1 or 2 stop bits; and none, even, or odd parity. The UART ports support two modes of operation.

• PIO (Programmed I/O)—The processor sends or receives

data by writing or reading I/O-mapped UATX or UARX registers, respectively. The data is double-buffered on both transmit and receive.

• DMA (Direct Memory Access)—The DMA controller

transfers both transmit and receive data. This reduces the number and frequency of interrupts required to transfer data to and from memory. Each UART has two dedicated DMA channels, one for transmit and one for receive. The DMA channels have lower priority than most DMA channels because of their relatively low service rates.

Each UART port’s baud rate (see Figure 5), serial data format, error code generation and status, and interrupts are programmable:

• Bit rates ranging from (f

/1048576) to (f

SCLK

/16) bits

per second

• Data formats from 7 to 12 bits per frame

• Both transmit and receive operations can be configured

to generate maskable interrupts to the processor.

UART Clock Rate

Figure 5. UART Clock Rate Calculation

SCLK

-----------------= 16 D×

Autobaud detection is supported, in conjunction with the general-purpose timer functions.

The capabilities of UART0 are further extended with support for the Infrared Data Association (IrDA Serial Infrared Physical Layer Link Specification (SIR) protocol.

Programmable Flags (PFX)

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor has 16 bidirectional, general-purpose I/O prog rammable flag (PF15– 0) pins. The programmable flag pins have special functions for clock multiplier selection, SROM boot mode, and SPI port operation. For more information, see Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Ports on

Page 10 and Clock Signals on Page 13. Each programmable flag

can be individually controlled by manipulation of the flag control, status, and interrupt registers.

• Flag Direction Control Register—Specifies the direction

of each individual PFx pin as input or output.

• Flag Control and Status Registers—Rather than forcing

the software to use a read-modify-write process to control the setting of individual flags, the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor employs a “write one to set” and “write one to clear” mechanism that allows any combination of individual flags to be set or cleared in a single instruction, without affecting the level of any other flags. Two control registers are provided, one register is written to in order to set flag values while another register is written to in order to clear flag values. Reading the flag status register allows software to interrogate the sense of the flags.

• Flag Interrupt Mask Registers—The two flag interrupt

mask registers allow each individual PFx pin to function as an interrupt to the processor. Similar to the two flag control registers that are used to set and clear individual flag values, one flag interrupt mask register sets bits to enable interrupt function, and the other flag interrupt mask register clears bits to disable interrupt function. PFx pins defined as inputs can be configured to generate hardware interrupts, while output PFx pins can be configured to generate software interrupts.

• Flag Interrupt Sensitivity Registers—The two flag

interrupt sensitivity registers specify whether individual PFx pins are level- or edge-sensitive and specify (if edgesensitive) whether just the rising edge or both the rising and falling edges of the signal are significant. One register selects the type of sensitivity, and one register selects which edges are significant for edge-sensitivity.

Dynamic Power Management

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides four operating modes, each with a different performance/power dissipation profile. In addition, dynamic power management provides the control functions, with the appropriate external power regulation capability to dynamically alter the processor core supply voltage, further reducing power dissipation. Control of clocking to each of the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor peripherals also reduces power dissipation. See Table 3 for a summary of the power settings for each mode.

Full On Operating Mode – Maximum Performance

In the full on mode, the PLL is enabled, and is not bypassed, providing the maximum operational frequency. This is the normal execution state in which maximum performance can be achieved. The processor core and all enabled peripherals run at full speed.

Active Operating Mode – Moderate Power Savings

In the active mode, the PLL is enabled, but bypassed. The input clock (CLKIN) is used to generate the clocks for the processor core (CCLK) and peripherals (SCLK). When the PLL is bypassed, CCLK runs at one-half the CLKIN frequency. Significant power savings can be achieved with the processor running at one-half the CLKIN frequency. In this mode, the PLL multiplication ratio can be changed by setting the appropriate values in the SSEL fields of the PLL control register (PLL_CTL).

When in the active mode, system DMA access to appropriately configured L1 memory is supported.

Sleep Operating Mode – High Power Savings

The sleep mode reduces power dissipation by disabling the clock to the processor core (CCLK). The PLL and system clock (SCLK), however, continue to operate in this mode. Any interrupt, typically via some external event or RTC activity, will wake up the processor. When in sleep mode, assertion of any interrupt will cause the processor to sense the value of the bypass bit

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(BYPASS) in the PLL Control register (PLL_CTL). If bypass is disabled, the processor transitions to the full on mode. If bypass is enabled, the processor transitions to the Active mode.

When in Sleep mode, system DMA access to L1 memory is not supported.

Deep Sleep Operating Mode – Maximum Power Savings

The deep sleep mode maximizes power savings by disabling the clocks to the processor core (CCLK) and to all synchronous peripherals (SCLK). Asynchronous peripherals, such as the RTC, may still be running but will not be able to access internal resources or external memory. This powered down mode can only be exited by assertion of the reset interrupt (

RESET

) or by an asynchronous interrupt generated by the RTC. When in deep sleep mode, assertion of

RESET

causes the processor to sense the value of the BYPASS pin. If bypass is disabled, the processor will transition to full on mode. If bypass is enabled, the processor will transition to active mode. When in deep sleep mode, assertion of the RTC asynchronous interrupt causes the processor to transition to the full on mode, regardless of the value of the BYPASS pin.

STOPCK = 1

AND PDWN = 0

WAKEUP AND

BYPASS = 1

BYPASS = 0

AND PLL_OFF = 0

AND STOPCK = 0

AND PDWN = 0

The DEEPSLEEP output is asserted in this mode.

Mode Transitions

The available mode transitions diagrammed in Figure 6 are accomplished either by the interrupt events described in the following sections or by programming the PLLCTL register with the appropriate values and then executing the PLL programming sequence.

This instruction sequence takes the processor to a known idle state with the interrupts disabled. Note that all DMA activity should be disabled during mode transitions.

Table 3. Operating Mode Power Settings

Mode PLL

PLL Bypassed

Core Clock (CCLK)

System Clock (SCLK)

Full On Enabled No Enabled Enabled Active Enabled Yes Enabled Enabled Sleep Enabled Yes or No Disabled Enabled Deep + Disabled Disabled Disabled

SLEEP

WAKEUP AND

BYPASS = 0

STOPCK = 1

AND PDWN = 0

FULL-ONACTIVE

RTC_WAKEUP

PDWN = 1

HARDWARE

MSEL = NEW

AND PLL_OFF = 0

AND BYPASS = 1

Figure 6. Mode Transitions

Power Savings

As shown in Table 4, the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor supports five different power domains. The use of multiple power domains maximizes flexibility, while maintaining compliance with industry standards and conventions. By isolating the internal logic of the ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor into its own power domain, separate from the PLL, RTC, PCI, and other I/O, the processor can take advantage of dynamic power management, without affecting the PLL, RTC, or other I/O devices.

BYPASS = 1

ANDSTOPCK=0

AND PDWN = 0

PDWN = 1

DEEP

SLEEP

RESET

MSEL = NEW

AND PLL_OFF = 0

AND BYPASS = 0

Table 4. Power Domains

Power Domain V

All internal logic, except PLL and RTC V Analog PLL internal logic V RTC internal logic and crystal I/O V PCI I/O V All other I/O V

Range

DDINT

DDPLL

DDRTC

DDPCIEXT

DDEXT

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The power dissipated by a processor is largely a function of the clock frequency of the processor and the square of the operating voltage. For example, reducing the clock frequency by 25% results in a 25% reduction in power dissipation, while reducing the voltage by 25% reduces power dissipation by more than 40%. Further, these power savings are additive, in that if the clock frequency and power are both reduced, the power savings are dramatic.

Dynamic Power Management allows both the processor’s input voltage (V

) and clock frequency (f

DDINT

) to be dynamically

CCLK

and independently controlled. As previously explained, the savings in power dissipation can be

modeled by the following equation:

Power Dissipation Factor

CCLKRED



------------------------- -



CCLKNOM

DDINTRED



------------------------------

×=



DDINTNOM

where:

CCLKNOM

CCLKRED

DDINTNOM

DDINTRED

is the nominal core clock frequency (300 MHz)

is the reduced core clock frequency

is the nominal internal supply voltage (1.5 V)

is the reduced internal supply voltage

As an example of how significant the power savings of Dynamic Power Management are when both frequency and voltage are reduced, consider an example where the frequency is reduced from its nominal value to 50 MHz and the voltage is reduced from its nominal value to 1.2 V. At this reduced frequency and voltage, the processor dissipates about 10% of the power dissipated at nominal frequency and voltage.

Peripheral Power Control

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor provides additional power control capability by allowing dynamic scheduling of clock inputs to each of the peripherals. Clocking to each of the peripherals listed below can be enabled or disabled by appropriately setting the peripheral’s control bit in the peripheral clock enable register (PLL_IOCK). The Peripheral Clock Enable Register allows individual control for each of these peripherals:

• PCI

• EBIU controller

• Programmable flags

• MemDMA controller

• SPORT 0

• SPORT 1

• SPI 0

• SPI 1

• UART 0

• UART 1

• Timer 0, Timer 1, Timer 2

• USB CLK

Clock Signals

The ADSP-BF535 Blackfin processor can be clocked by a sine wave input or a buffered shaped clock derived from an external clock oscillator.

If a buffered, shaped clock is used, this external clock connects to the processor CLKIN pin. The CLKIN input cannot be halted, changed, or operated below the specified frequency during normal operation. This clock signal should be a 3.3 V LVTTL compatible signal. The processor provides a user-pro-

ⴛ

grammable 1

to 31ⴛ multiplication of the input clock to support external-to-internal clock ratios. The MSEL6–0, BYPASS, and DF pins decide the PLL multiplication factor at reset. At run time, the multiplication factor can be controlled in software. The combination of pull-up and pull-down resistors in

Figure 7 sets up a core clock ratio of 6:1, which, for example,

produces a 150 MHz core clock from the 25 MHz input. For other clock multiplier settings, see the

Processor Hardware Reference

RESET SOURCE

CLKIN CLKOUT

MSEL0 (PF 0)

MSEL1 (PF 1)

MSEL2 (PF 2) MSEL3 (PF 3)

MSEL4 (PF 4)

MSEL5 (PF 5)

MSEL6 (PF 6)

DF (PF7)

BYPASS

RESET

ADSP-BF535 Blackfin

ADSP-BF535

BLACKFIN PROCESSOR

THE PULL-UP/PULL-DOWN RESISTORS ON THE MSEL, DF, AND BYPASS PINS SELECT THE CORE CLOCK RATIO.

HERE, THE SELECTION (6:1) AND 25MHz INPUT CLOCK PRODUCE A 150MHz CORE CLOCK.

Figure 7. Clock Ratio Example

All on-chip peripherals operate at the rate set by the system clock (SCLK). The system clock frequency is programmable by means of the SSEL pins. At run time the system clock frequency can be controlled in software by writing to the SSEL fields in the PLL control register (PLL_CTL). The values programmed into the

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ADSP-BF535

SSEL fields define a divide ratio between the core clock (CCLK) and the system clock. Table 5 illustrates the system clock ratios. The system clock is supplied to the CLKOUT_SCLK0 pin.

Table 5. System Clock Ratios

Signal Name

SSEL1– 0 CCLK/SCLK CCLK SCLK

Divider Ratio

Example Frequency Ratios (MHz)

00 2:1 266 133 01 2.5:1 275 110 10 3:1 300 100 11 4:1 300 75

The maximum frequency of the system clock is f

. Note that

SCLK

the divisor ratio must be chosen to limit the system clock frequency to its maximum of f

. The reset value of the

SCLK

SSEL1– 0 is determined by sampling the SSEL1 and SSEL0 pins during reset. The SSEL value can be changed dynamically by writing the appropriate values to the PLL control register (P LL _C TL ), as de sc rib ed in th e

Hardware Reference

Booting Modes

ADSP-BF535 Blackfin Processor

The ADSP-BF535 has three mechanisms (listed in Table 6) for automatically loading internal L2 memory after a reset. A fourth mode is provided to execute from external memory, bypassing the boot sequence.

Table 6. Booting Modes

BMODE2–0 Description

000 Execute from 16-bit external memory

(Bypass Boot ROM) 001 Boot from 8-bit flash 010 Boot from SPI0 serial ROM

(8-bit address range) 011 Boot from SPI0 serial ROM

(16-bit address range) 100 –111 Reserved

The BMODE pins of the reset configuration register, sampled during power-on resets and software initiated resets, implement these modes:

• Execute from 16-bit external memory—Execution

starts from address 0x2000000 with 16-bit packing. The boot ROM is bypassed in this mode.

• Boot from 8-bit external flash memory—The 8-bit flash

boot routine located in boot ROM memory space is set up using asynchronous Memory Bank 0. All configuration settings are set for the slowest device possible (3-cycle hold time; 15-cycle R/W access times; 4-cycle setup).

• Boot from SPI serial EEPROM (8-bit addressable)—

The SPI0 uses PF10 output pin to select a single SPI EPROM device, submits a read command at address 0x00, and begins clocking data into the beginning of L2 memory. An 8-bit addressable SPI compatible EPROM must be used.

• Boot from SPI serial EEPROM (16-bit addressable)—

The SPI0 uses PF10 output pin to select a single SPI EPROM device, submits a read command at address 0x0000, and begins clocking data into the beginning of L2 memory. A 16-bit addressable SPI compatible EPROM must be used.

For each of the boot modes described above, a four-byte value is first read from the memory device. This value is used to specify a subsequent number of bytes to be read into the beginning of L2 memory space. Once each of the loads is complete, the processor jumps to the beginning of L2 space and begins execution.

In addition, the reset configuration register can be set by application code to bypass the normal boot sequence during a software reset. For this case, the processor jumps directly to the beginning of L2 memory space.

To augment the boot modes, a secondary software loader is provided that adds additional booting mechanisms. This secondary loader provides the capability to boot from PCI, 16-bit flash memory, fast flash, variable baud rate, and so on.

Instruction Set Description

The Blackfin processor family assembly language instruction set employs an algebraic syntax designed for ease of coding and readability. The instructions have been specifically tuned to provide a flexible, densely encoded instruction set that compiles to a very small final memory size. The instruction set also provides fully featured multifunction instructions that allow the programmer to use many of the processor core resources in a single instruction. Coupled with many features more often seen on microcontrollers, this instruction set is very efficient when compiling C and C++ source code. In addition, the architecture supports both a user (algorithm/application code) and a supervisor (O/S kernel, device drivers, debuggers, ISRs) mode of operations, allowing multiple levels of access to core processor resources.

The assembly language, which takes advantage of the processor’s unique architecture, offers the following advantages:

• Seamlessly integrated DSP/CPU features are optimized

for both 8-bit and 16-bit operations.

• A super pipelined multi issue load/store modified Harvard

architecture, which supports two 16-bit MAC or four 8bit ALU + two load/store + two pointer updates per cycle.

• All registers, I/O, and memory are mapped into a unified

4 Gbyte memory space providing a simplified programming model.

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+ 30 hidden pages

Analog Devices ADSP BF535 a Datasheet

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Portable Low Power Architecture

System Integration

ADSP-BF535 Peripherals

Processor Core

Figure 1. Processor Core

Memory Architecture

Figure 2. Internal/External Memory Map

Internal (On-Chip) Memory

External (Off-Chip) Memory

I/O Memory Space

Booting

Event Handling

Core Event Controller (CEC)

System Interrupt Controller (SIC)

Event Control

DMA Controllers

External Memory Control

PC133 SDRAM Controller

Asynchronous Controller

PCI Host Function

PCI Target Function

PCI Interface

USB Device

Real-Time Clock

Figure 3. External Components for RTC

Watchdog Timer

Timers

Serial Ports (Sports)

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Ports

Figure 4. SPI Clock Rate Calculation

UART Port

Figure 5. UART Clock Rate Calculation

Programmable Flags (PFX)

Dynamic Power Management

Full On Operating Mode – Maximum Performance

Active Operating Mode – Moderate Power Savings

Sleep Operating Mode – High Power Savings

Deep Sleep Operating Mode – Maximum Power Savings

Mode Transitions

Figure 6. Mode Transitions

Power Savings

Peripheral Power Control

Clock Signals

Figure 7. Clock Ratio Example

Booting Modes

Instruction Set Description