ANALOG DEVICES ADM1487E Service Manual

PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
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Ultra-Low Power RS-485/RS-422 Transceiver
a
Preliminary Technical Data
FEATURES
Low Power - 120µA Max ICC with Driver Disabled High Input Impedance — Up to 256 Transceivers on Bus Low-Current (1µA) Shutdown Mode Slew Rate Control for Error-Free Data
Transmission and Low EMI ±10kV ESD Protection (Human Body Model) on RS-485 I/O pins Thermal Protection of Driver Glitch-Free Driver Power-Up Allows Hot Connection Driver Maintains High Output Impedance with Power
Off Wide Common-Mode Range Allows ±7V Ground Differ-
ences Between Devices Pin-Compatible with Industry Standard 75176
APPLICATIONS
Battery-Powered RS-485/RS-422 Systems Level Translation
with Low EMI and +/-10kV ESD Protection
ADM1487
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADM1487 is an ultra-low power RS-485/RS-422 transceiver consisting of one driver and one receiver per package. Quiescent operating current is typically 80µA and 1µA in shutdown mode. The driver and receiver both have three-state outputs. This allows multiple drivers to be connected to an RS-485/RS-422 bus, or several receiver outputs to be connected to a serial data bus. The driver will maintain a high-impedance output state even with power off, while the receiver features fail-safe operation that guarantees a logic high output if the inputs are left open-circuit.
The device has slew-rate limited drivers to minimize elec­tromagnetic interference (EMI) and reduce reflections caused by incorrectly terminated cables.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
RO
1
2
RE
3
DE
4
DI
ADM1487
REV. PrC 08/02
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
V
8
R
D
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 Analog Devices, Inc., 2002
CC
7
B
6
A GND
5
–1–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DA T A
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ADM1487
ADM1487 SPECIFICATIONS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +5V ±5%, TA = 0°C TO +70°C, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
Parameter Min Typ Max Units Test Conditions/Comments
Differential Driver Output Voltage,V
Differential Driver Output Voltage, V
OD1
OD2
2.0 V Figure 1, R = 50 (RS-422)
5 V Unloaded, IO = 0
1.5 5 V Figure 1, R = 27 (RS-485)
Change in Magnitude of Driver 0.2 V Figure 1, R = 27 or R = 50 Differential Output Voltage for Complementary Output States,
VOD
Driver Common-Mode Output 3 V Figure 1, R = 27 or R = 50 Voltage, V
OC
Change in Magnitude of Driver 0.2 V R = 27 or R = 50 Common-Mode Output Voltage for Complementary Output States, |VOC|
Input High Voltage (DE, DI, RE), V
Input Low Voltage (DE, DI, RE), V
Input Current (DE, DI, RE), I
Input Current (A, B), I
IN2
IN1
IH
IL
2V
0.8 V
±2 µA
0.30 mA DE = 0, VCC= 0V or 5.25V, VIN = 12V
-0.15 mA DE = 0, VCC = 0V or 5.25V, VIN = –7V
Differential Input Threshold Voltage -0.2 0.2 V –7V V for Receiver, V
Receiver Input Hysteresis, V
Receiver Output High Voltage, V
Receiver Output Low Voltage, V
TH
TH
OL
OH
45 mV VCM = 0V
3.5 V IO =-4mA, VID = 200mV
0.4 V IO = 4mA, VID = –200mV
12V
CM
Three-State (High Impedance) Output ±1 µA VCC = Max, 0.4V Vo 2.4V Current at Receive, I
Receiver Input Resistance, R
Supply Current, I
CC
OZR
IN
70 96 k –7V VCM 12V
120 200 µA No Load, Output Enabled
80 120 µA No Load, Output Disabled
Supply Current in Shutdown Mode, I
Driver Short-Circuit Ourrent, I
Driver Short-Circuit Ourrent, I
Receiver Short-Circuit Current, I
SHDN
OSD1
OSD2
OSR
35 250 mA V
35 250 mA V
7 85 mA 0V VO V
1 10 µA DE = 0V, RE = V
–2–
CC
= HIGH, –7V  VO 12V
OUT
= LOW, –7V Vo 12V
OUT
OC
Rev. PrC
ADM1487 SPECIFICATIONS (continued)
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PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
ADM1487
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +5V ±5%, TA = -40°C TO +85°C, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
Parameter Min Typ Max Units Test Conditions/Comments
Differential Driver Output Voltage, V
Differential Driver Output Voltage, V
OD1
OD2
2.0 V Figure 1, R = 50 (RS-422)
5 V Unloaded, IO = 0
1.5 5 V Figure 1, R = 27 (RS-485)
Driver Common-Mode 3 V Figure 1, R = 27 or R = 50 Output Voltage, V
OC
Differential Input Threshold –0.2 0.2 V –7V VCM 12V Voltage for Receiver, V
Receiver Input Hysteresis, V
Supply Current, I
CC
TH
TH
45 mV VCM = 0V
120 200 µA No Load, Output Enabled
80 120 µA No Load, Output Disabled
Supply Current in Shutdown Mode, I
Driver Input to Output High, t
SHDN
DPLH
150 1200 ns Figures 2, 3, R
1 10 µ A DE = 0V, RE = V
DIFF
CC
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Input to Output Low, t
DPHL
150 1200 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Output to Output, t
SKEW
100 600 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Rise or Fall Time, t
DR
, t
DF
150 2000 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Receiver Input to Output High, t
RPLH
30 140 250 ns Figures 2, 4, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Receiver Input to Output Low, t
RHL
30 140 250 ns Figures 2, 4, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Differential Receiver Skew, t |t
RPLH-tRPHL
| CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Maximum Data Rate, f
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
SKD
MAX
(VCC = +5V ±5%, TA = -40°C TO +85°C, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
250 kbps
13 ns Figures 2, 4, R
DIFF
= 54,
Parameter Min Typ Max Units Test Conditions/Comments
Driver Input to Output High, t
DPLH
150 1200 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Input to Output, t
DPHL
150 1200 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Output to Output, t
SKEW
250 600 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Rise or Fall Time, t
DR
, t
DF
150 1200 ns Figures 2, 3, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Driver Enable to Output High, t
Driver Enable to Output Low, t
Driver Disable Time from Low, t
Rev. PrC –3–
DZH
DZL
DLZ
100 1500 ns Figures 5, 6, CL = 100pF, S2 Closed
100 1500 ns Figures 5, 6, CL = 100pF, S1 Closed
150 1500 ns Figures 5, 6, CL = l5pF, S1 Closed
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DA T A
ADM1487
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
RO
RE
DE
DI
V
CC
B
A GND
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
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ADM1487
ADM1487 SPECIFICATIONS (continued)
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +5V ±5%, TA = -40°C TO +85°C, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
Parameter Min Typ Max Units Test Conditions/Comments
Driver Disable Time from High, t
Receiver Input to Output, t
RPLH
DHZ
150 1500 ns Figures 5, 6, CL= l5pF, S2 Closed
30 140 250 ns Figures.2, 4, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Receiver Input to Output Low, t
RPHL
30 140 250 ns Figures.2, 4, R
DIFF
= 54,
CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
DifferentialReceiverSkew, t |t
PLH-tPHL
| CL1 = CL2 = 100pF
Receiver Enable to Output Low, t
Receiver Enable to Output High, t
Receiver Disable from Low, t
Receiver Disable from High, t
Maximum Data Rate, f
Time to Shutdown, t
SKD
RZL
RZH
RLZ
RHZ
MAX
SHDN
250 kbps
50 200 600 ns DE = 0, RE = low to high transition
13 ns Figures.2, 4, R
DIFF
= 54,
20 50 ns Figures 7, 8, CRL = l5pF, S1 Closed
20 50 ns Figures 7, 8, CRL = l5pF, S2 Closed
20 50 ns Figures 7, 8, CRL = l5pF, S1 Closed
20 50 ns Figures 7, 8, CRL = l5pF, S2 Closed
Driver Enable from Shutdown to 2000 ns Figures 5, 6, CL = 100pF, S2 Closed Output High, t
DZH(SHDN)
Driver Enable from Shutdown to 2000 ns Figures 5, 6, CL = 100pF, S1 Closed Output Low, t
DZL(SHDN)
Receiver Enable from Shutdown to 2000 ns Figures 7, 8, CL = l5pF, S2 Closed Output High, t
RZH(SHDN)
Receiver Enable from Shutdown to 2000 ns Figures 7, 8, CL = l5pF, S1 Closed Output Low, t
RZL(SHDN)
NOTES
1
Absolute maximum ratings are those beyond which the safety of the device cannot be guaranfeed.
2
All currents into device pins are positive; all currents out ot device pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to device ground unless otherwise specified.
3
All typicals are given for Vcc = 5V and Tp = 25°C.
4
The ADM1487 is not tested and is not quality-assurance sampled at -40°C and at 85°C. These specifications are guaranteed by design, correlation, andlor inference from 0°C, 25°C and/or 70°C tests.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (Vcc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12V
Control Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5V to Vcc + 0.5V
Driver Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5V to Vcc + 0.5V
Driver Output Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±14V
Receiver InputVoltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±14V
Receiver Output Voltage . . . . . . . . . –0.5V to Vcc + 0.5V
Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . 0°C T
70°C
A
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . 300°C
*Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent
damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
8-Pin Plastic DIP Package
θ
= tbd K/Watt, θ
JA
8-Pin Plastic SO Package
θ
= tbd K/Watt, θ
JA
= tbd K/Watt
JC
= tbd K/Watt
JC
–4–
PIN CONFIGURATION
ORDERING INFORMATION
Model Temperature Range Package Option
ADM1487JN 0°C to +70°C 8 Pin Plastic DIP
ADM1487JR 0°C to +70°C 8 Pin SO
ADM1487AN –40°C to +85°C 8 Pin Plastic DIP
ADM1487AR –40°C to +85°C 8 Pin SO
Rev. PrC
ADM1487 TEST CIRCUITS AND TIMING
3V
0V
DE
A, B
A, B
V
OL
t
DZL(SHDN)
, t
DZL
t
DLZ
OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW
OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH
1.5V
2.3V
VOL+ 0.5V
VOH- 0.5V
V
OL
t
DZH(SHDN)
,
t
DZH
t
DHZ
2.3 V
f = 1MHz, t
r
# 10ns, tf # 10ns
5V
V
OH
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PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
A
R
V
OD
R
A
Figure 1. Driver DC Load Test Circuit
3V
DE
DI
A
D
V
R
OD2
B
DIFF
V
OC
Figure 5. Test Load for Driver Enable/Disable Time Test
C
C
A
L1
R
B
L2
15pF
RO
OUTPUT
UNDER
TEST
C
RL
15pF
TEST
POINT
500V
ADM1487
V
CC
S1
S2
Figure 2. Driver/Receiver Timing Test Circuit
3V
DI
V
DIFF
1.5V
0V
B
V
0
A
V
0
0V
10%
-V
0
f = 1MHz, t
t
DPLH
V
/2
0
90%
t
DR
# 10ns, tf # 10ns
r
V
= VA - V
DIFF
= |t
t
SKEW
DPLH-tDPHL
B
Figure 3. Driver Propagation Delays
RO
t
RPHL
f = 1MHz, t
V
A
OD2
-V
B
OD2
V
OH
V
OL
# 10ns, tf # 10ns
r
Figure 4. Receiver Propagation Delays
Figure 6. Driver Enable and Disable Times
t
D
PHL
TEST
90%
10%
t
DF
|
t
RPLH
1.5V
Figure 7. Test Load for Receiver Enable/Disable Time Test
3V
RE
0V
5V
RO
5V
RO
0V
RO
1.5
1.5
V
V
t
RZL(SHDN)
t
RZH(SHDN)
f = 1MHz, t
, t
, t
POINT
C
RL
15pF
# 10ns, tf # 10ns
r
RZL
OUTPUT NORMALLY LOW
OUTPUT NORMALLY HIGH
RZH
V
CC
1kV
S1
S2
1kV
1.5
t
RLZ
t
RHZ
V
0.5V
0.5V
Figure 8. Receiver Enable and Disable Delay Times
Rev. PrC –5–
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DA T A
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ADM1487
ADM1487 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
TA
A
D
G
N
TI
I
A
W
A
TPC1. No-load Supply Current vs. Tem-
perature
TA
A
D
G
N
TI
I
A
W
A
TA
A
D
G
N
I
T
I
A
W
A
TPC2. Output Current vs. Receiver Out-
put High Voltage
TA
A
D
G
N
TI
I
A
W
A
TA
A
D
G
N
TI
I
A
W
A
TPC3. Output Current vs. Receiver Out-
put Low Voltage
TA
A
D
G
N
TI
I
A
W
A
TPC4. Receiver Output High
Voltage vs. Temperature
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Pin Mnemonic Description
1 R O Receiver Output. When RE is low and A - B (more positive than) 200mV, RO will be high.
When RE is low and A - B (more negative than) –200mV, RO will be low.
2 RE Receiver Output Enable. Take RE low to enable RO; RO is high impedance when RE is high.
Take RE high and DE low to enter low-power shutdown mode.
3 D E Driver Output Enable. Take DE high to enable driver outputs. These outputs are high
impedance when DE is low. Take RE high and DE low to enter low-power shutdown mode.
4 D I Driver Input. With DE high, a low on DI forces non-inverting output low and inverting output
high. Similarly, a high on DI forces non-inverting output high and inverting output low.
5 GND Ground
6 A Non-Inverting Receiver Input and Non-Inverting Driver Output
7 B Inverting Receiver Input and Inverting Driver Output
8V
CC
Positive Supply 4.75V =VCC =5.25V
TPC5. Receiver Output Low
Voltage vs. Temperature
–6–
TPC6. Shutdown Current vs.
Temperature
Rev. PrC
DEVICE TRUTH TABLES
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PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DATA
TRANSMITTING
INPUTS OUTPUTS
RE DE DI Z Y
X11 0 1 X10 1 0
0 0 X High-Z High-Z 1 0 X Shutdown*
ADM1487
RECEIVING
INPUTS OUTPUT
RE DE A-B RO
0X 0.2V 1 0X -0.2V 0 0 X Open/shorted 1 1 0 X Shutdown*
X = Don’t care
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The ADM1487 is a differential input, differential output transceiver designed RS-485/RS-422 serial data communi­cations over twisted-pair cables. It is a half-duplex device intended for alternate transmission and reception of data over a single twisted-pair cable, and the driver outputs and receiver inputs are internally linked and brought out to a single pair of pins.
Its principal features include ultra-low power operation, a controlled slew-rate driver that minimizes electromagnetic interference (EMI) and signals reflections due to incor­rectly terminated lines, and high input impedance that al­lows up to 256 receivers to be connected to a bus.
THREE-STATE BUS CONNECTION
The ADM1487 has a Driver Enable pin (DE) that enables the driver outputs when taken high or puts the driver out­puts into a high-impedance state when taken low. This al­lows several driver outputs to be connected to an RS-422/ RS-485 bus.
Similarly, the device has a (active-low) Receiver Enable pin (RE). Taking this low enables the receiver, while tak­ing it high puts the receiver outputs into a high-impedance state. This allows several receiver outputs to be connected to a serial data bus.
The input impedance of the device is 96k, which is 8 times higher than the standard RS-485 load of 12k. A standard driver can driver 32 standard loads, so up to 256 ADM1487 receivers, or a combination of ADM1487 and other devices up to 32 unit loads, may be connected to an RS-422/RS485 bus driven by a single driver.
LOW POWER OPERATION
The ADM1487 draws very little supply current (typically 80µA) when the driver outputs are disabled or unloaded. This will increase by up to 72µA if the driver outputs are enabled (but unloaded) and applying the maximum output swing of 5V across the receiver input resistors.
However, in practical applications with the device driving and RS-485/RS422 cable or bus, the current drain is dominated by the current sourced into the line termination resistors and any other devices on the bus. With a half-ter­mination (120 load) between the driver outputs, the load current can be in excess of 13mA as the drivers force a minimum of 1.5V across the line, and can be greater than 25mA with a fully terminated 60 line attached.
*In shutdown mode, driver and receiver outputs high impedance
SHUTDOWN MODE
If RE is taken high while DE is taken low, the device will enter a low-power shutdown mode, in which the supply current is typically 1µA. If the driver outputs are active immediately before shut­down (DE high), the supply current will not drop to 1µ until the driver outputs have settled to their three-state mode, which can take up to 2.6µs worst-case. If DE is al­ready low and shutdown is entered by taking RE high, the supply current will drop to 1µA very quickly. When RE is taken low and/or DE is takem high, the de­vice will wake up within 3.5µs.
If shutdown mode is not used, the fact that DE is active­high and RE is active-low offers a convenient way of switching the device between transmit and receive, by ty­ing DE and RE together. This is useful, for example, in applications using half duplex operation and where several receiver outputs are connected to a serial bus.
The device is guaranteed not to enter shutdown mode if DE and RE are driven in this way. If DE is low and RE is high for less than 50ns the device will not enter shutdown. If DE is low and RE is high for greater than 600ns, the device is guaranteed to enter shutdown.
RECEIVER INPUTS
The ADM1487 receiver has an input common-mode range covering the entire RS-485 range of –7V to 12V. Internal 96kinput resistors from each line terminal to ground provide a 1/8 unit load to the RS485 bus.
Differential signals greater than ±200mV within the speci­fied input common-mode range are converted to a TTL­compatible logic signal at the receiver output. A small amount of input hysteresis is included to minimize the ef­fects of noise on the line signals. If the line is terminated or the receiver inputs are shorted together, the receiver output will retain the last valid line signal due to the 45mV of hysteresis incorporated in the receiver circuit. If the receiver inputs are left floating (unterminated), an in­ternal pull-up of 10µA at the A input will force the re­ceiver output to a guranteed high output state.
DRIVER OUTPUT STAGE
The RS-485 specification requires that a transceiver with­stand common-mode voltages of up to 12V above or –7V below system ground at the RS-485 line connections.
In addition, the transceiver must be protected against both ESD and latch-up. This precludes the use of conventional
Rev. PrC –7–
ADM1487
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PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL DA T A
CMOS outout stages, which include parasitic diodes from their driver outputs to each supply rail and can latch up when these diodes conduct.
V
CC
SCHOTTKY
REVERSE-BIASED
WHEN OUTPUT
> V
PARASITIC
DIODE D
P
PARASITIC
DIODE D
P
CC+VD
SCHOTTKY
REVERSE-BIASED
WHEN OUTPUT
< GND - V
D
Figure 9. ADM1487 Driver Output Stage
The ADM1487 output includes Schottky diodes in series with the positive supply to the drain of the P-channel output device and in series with the drain of the N-channel output device. These diodes prevent the P-channel's parasitic diode from conducting when the output voltage exceeds V
CC
and prevent the N-channel's parasitic diode from conducting when the output voltage falls below ground.
SLEW RATE CONTROL
The driver output stage of the ADM1487 has a controlled slew rate to minmize signal reflections on incorrectly termi­nated lines and to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).
CURRENT LIMIT AND THERMAL SHUTDOWN
The ADM1487 incorporates two protection mechanisms to guard the drivers against short-circuits, bus contention or other fault conditions. The first is a current-limited output stage that protects the driver against short-circuits over the entire common-mode voltage range by limiting the output current to about 70mA. Under extreme fault condtions where the current limit is not effective, a thermal shutdown circuit puts the driver outputs into a high-impedance state if the die temperature exceeds 150°C, and does not turn them back on until the temperature has fallen to 130°C.
ENHANCED ESD PROTECTION
All Analog Devices parts incorporate protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) to protect the devices dur­ing handling, assembly and normal operation. In addition, the ADM1487 has enhanced ESD protection up to ±10kV on the A and B I/O pins to protect against severe opera­tional conditions such as line transients, connection and disconnection.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Figure 10 shows a typical application of the ADM1487. This is a half-duplex RS-485/RS-422 network. Up to 254 additional ADM1487s can be connected along the cable (termination resistors are only required at each end).
RECEIVER
OUTPUT
(RO)
RECEIVER
ENABLE
(RE)
DRIVER
ENABLE
(DE)
DATA
1
R
2
3
4
D
IN (DI)
ADM1487
Figure 10. Typical Half-Duplex RS-485/RS-422 Network
8-Pin Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (N-8)
0.430 (1 0. 92 )
0.348 (8 .84)
0.210 (5.33) MAX
0.160 (4 .06)
0.115 (2 .93)
0.022 (0 .5 58 )
0.014 (0 .3 56 )
8
14
PIN 1
0.100
(2.54)
BSC
5
0.280 (7.11)
0.240 (6.10)
0.060 (1.52)
0.015 (0.38)
0.070 (1.77)
0.045 (1.15)
0.130 (3.30) MIN
SEATING PLANE
0.325 (8.25)
0.300 (7.62)
0.015 (0.381)
0.008 (0.204)
+5V (V
CC
100n
8
B
7
R
T
6
A
5
)
CABLE TERMINATED
AT ENDS
+5V (V
B
B
A
A
100n
CC
R
T
)
ADDITIONAL
ADM1487s
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
0.2440 (6.20)
0.2284 (5.80)
0.195 (4 .95)
0.115 (2 .93)
0.009 8 (0.25 )
0.004 0 (0.10 )
SEATING
PLANE
5
D
6
7
8
R
4
DI
3
DE
RE
2 1
RO
ADM1487
8-Pin SO Package (R-8)
0.1968 (5.00)
0.1890 (4.80)
85
PIN 1
0.0500 (1.27)
BSC
0.1574 (4.00)
0.1497 (3.80)
41
0.102 (2 .59)
0.094 (2 .39)
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.0196 (0.50)
0.0099 (0.25)
8 0
0.050 0 (1.27 )
0.016 0 (0.41 )
x 45
–8–
Rev. PrC
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