Translation between any two standard network rates
Dual reference inputs and dual clock outputs
Pin programmable for standard network rate translation
SPI programmable for arbitrary rational rate translation
Output frequencies from 10 MHz to 900 MHz
Input frequencies from 19.44 MHz to 806 MHz
On-chip VCO
Meets OC-192 high band jitter generation requirement
Supports standard forward error correction (FEC) rates
Supports holdover operation
Supports hitless switchover and phase build-out (even with
Multiservice switches
Multiservice routers
Exact network clock frequency translation
General-purpose frequency translation
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD9551 accepts one or two reference input signals to synthesize one or two output signals. The AD9551 uses a fractional-N
PLL that precisely translates the reference frequency to the desired
output frequency. The input receivers and output drivers provide
both single-ended and differential operation.
AD9551
Reference conditioning and switchover circuitry internally
synchronizes the two references so that if one reference fails,
there is virtually no phase perturbation at the output.
The AD9551 uses an external crystal and an internal DCXO to
provide for holdover operation. If both references fail, the device
maintains a steady output signal.
The AD9551 provides pin-selectable, preset divider values for
standard (and FEC adjusted) network frequencies. The pinselectable frequencies include any combination of 15 possible
input frequencies and 16 possible output frequencies. A SPI
interface provides further flexibility by making it possible to
program almost any rational input/output frequency ratio.
The AD9551 is a clock generator that employs fractional-N-based
phase-locked loops (PLL) using sigma-delta (Σ-) modulators
(SDMs). The fractional frequency synthesis capability enables
the device to meet the frequency and feature requirements for
multiservice switch applications. The AD9551 precisely generates
a wide range of standard frequencies when using any one of those
same standard frequencies as a timing base (reference). The
primary challenge of this function is the precise generation of the
desired output frequency because even a slight output frequency
error can cause problems for downstream clocking circuits in
the form of bit or cycle slips. The requirement for exact frequency
translation in such applications necessitates the use of a fractional-N-based PLL architecture with variable modulus.
BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
C
YSTAL
(26MHz)
REFA
REFB
Rev. B
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks ar
Changes to Table 25 ........................................................................ 33
6/09—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Changes to Figure 23 ...................................................................... 23
4/09—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. B | Page 2 of 40
AD9551
L
A
The AD9551 is easily configured using the external control pins
(A[3:0], B[3:0], and Y[3:0]). The logic state of these pins sets predefined divider values that establish a specific input-to-output
frequency ratio. For applications requiring other frequency ratios,
the user can override any of the preconfigured divider settings
via the serial port, which enables a very wide range of
applications.
The AD9551 architecture consists of two cascaded PLL stages.
The first stage consists of fractional division (via SDM), followed
by a digital PLL that uses a crystal resonator-based DCXO. The
DCXO relies on an external crystal with a resonant frequency in
the range of 19.44 MHz to 52 MHz. The DCXO constitutes the
first PLL, which operates within a narrow frequency range
(±50 ppm) around the crystal resonant frequency. This PLL has
a loop bandwidth of approximately 180 Hz, providing initial jitter
cleanup of the input reference signal. The second stage is a frequency multiplying PLL that translates the first stage output
frequency (in the range of 19.44 MHz to 104 MHz) up to
~3.7 GHz. This PLL incorporates an SDM-based fractional
feedback divider that enables fractional frequency multiplication.
Programmable integer dividers at the output of this second PLL
establish a final output frequency of up to 900 MHz.
It is important to understand that the architecture of the AD9551
produces an output frequency that is most likely not coherent
with the input reference frequency. The reason is that the input
and crystal frequencies typically are not harmonically related
and neither are the output and crystal frequencies. As a result,
there is generally no relationship between the phase of the input
and output signals.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT PL
LOCKED
XTAL1 XTAL0LF
The AD9551 includes reference signal processing blocks that
enable a smooth switching transition between two reference
inputs. This circuitry automatically detects the presence of the
reference input signals. If only one input is present, the device
uses it as the active reference. If both inputs are present, one
becomes the active reference and the other becomes the alternate reference. The circuitry edge-aligns the backup reference
with the active reference. If the active reference fails, the circuitry
automatically switches to the backup reference (if available),
making it the new active reference. Meanwhile, if the failed
reference is once again available, it becomes the new backup
reference and is edge-aligned with the new active reference
(a precaution against failure of the new active reference).
If neither reference can be used, the AD9551 supports a holdover
mode. Note that the external crystal is necessary to provide the
switchover and holdover functionality. It is also the clock source
for the reference synchronization and monitoring functions.
The AD9551 relies on a single external capacitor for the output
PLL loop filter. With proper termination, the output is compatible
with LVPECL, LVDS, or CMOS logic levels, although the AD9551
is implemented in a strictly CMOS process.
The AD9551 operates over the extended industrial temperature
range of −40°C to +85°C.
OUTPUT PLL
LOCKED
REFA, REF
REFB, REFB
SCLK, SDIO,
A[3:0]
B[3:0]
Y[3:0]
TEST
MUX
f
2
REFA
N
A
SDM
A
f
2
REFB
N
B
SDM
B
3
4
4
4
REGISTER BANK
PRECONFIGURED
DIVIDER V ALUES
CS
SYNCHRONI ZATIO N AND
SWITCH OVER CONTRO L
REFERENCE
MONITOR
SAMPLE RATE
CONTROL
DIG.
P
LOOP
F
D
FILTER
19.44MHz MODE
19.44MHz MODE
DCXO
NA, MODA, FRAC
NB, MODB, FRAC
N, MOD, FRAC, P0, P1, P
LOOP
CONFIGURATION
A
B
2
LOCK
DETECT
f
IF
P
F
D
CHARGE
PUMP
N = 4N
N14/5
SDM
+ N
1
FRAC, MOD
3350MHz TO
4050MHz
VCO
0
N
P2, P1, P
AD9551
4 TO111 TO
P
0P1
0
63
1 TO
63
P
f
2
OUT1
f
OUT2
2
2
OUT1, OUT1
OUT2, OUT2
07805-002
Figure 2.
Rev. B | Page 3 of 40
AD9551
SPECIFICATIONS
Minimum and maximum values apply for full range of supply voltage and operating temperature variation. Typical values apply for VDD = 3.3 V,
T
= 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
A
REFERENCE CLOCK INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 1.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
FREQUENCY RANGE 19
INPUT CAPACITANCE 3 pF
INPUT RESISTANCE 6 kΩ Measured single-ended
DUTY CYCLE 40 60 %
REFERENCE CLOCK INPUT VOLTAGE SWING
Differential 250 mV Maximum magnitude across pin pair
Single-Ended 250 mV Peak-to-peak
1
The 19 MHz lower limit applies only to the 19.44 MHz operating mode.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 2.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
LVPECL MODE
Differential Output Voltage Swing
Common-Mode Output Voltage VDD − 1.77 VDD − 1.66 VDD − 1.20 V Output driver static
Frequency Range 0 900 MHz
Duty Cycle 40 60 % Up to 805 MHz output frequency
Rise/Fall Time1 (20% to 80%) 255 305 ps
LVDS MODE
Differential Output Voltage Swing
Balanced, VOD 247 454 mV
Unbalanced, ∆VOD 25 mV
Offset Voltage
Common Mode, VOS 1.125 1.375 V Output driver static
Common-Mode Difference, ∆VOS 25 mV
Short-Circuit Output Current 17 24 mA
Frequency Range 0 900 MHz
Duty Cycle 40 60 % Up to 805 MHz output frequency
Rise/Fall Time1 (20% to 80%) 285 355 ps
CMOS MODE
Output Voltage High, VOH
IOH = 10 mA 2.8 V
IOH = 1 mA 2.8 V
Output Voltage Low, VOL
IOL = 10 mA 0.5 V
IOL = 1 mA 0.3 V
Frequency Range 0 200 MHz
1
806 MHz
Measured with a differential probe across
the input pins
690 765 889 mV Output driver static
100 Ω termination between both pins of
the output driver
Voltage swing between output pins;
output driver static
Absolute difference between voltage
swing of normal pin and inverted pin;
output driver static
Voltage difference between output pins;
output driver static
100 Ω termination between both pins of
the output driver
Output driver static; standard drive
strength setting
Output driver static; standard drive
strength setting
3.3 V CMOS; standard drive strength
setting
Rev. B | Page 4 of 40
AD9551
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
Duty Cycle 45 55 % At maximum output frequency
Rise/Fall Time1 (20% to 80%) 500 745 ps
1
The listed values are for the slower edge (rise or fall).
JITTER CHARACTERISTICS (180 HZ LOOP BANDWIDTH)
Table 3.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
JITTER GENERATION
12 kHz to 20 MHz 1.3 ps rms fIN = 19.44 MHz, f
0.8 ps rms fIN = 622.08 MHz, f
50 kHz to 80 MHz 0.5 ps rms fIN = 19.44 MHz, f
0.6 ps rms fIN = 622.08 MHz, f
4 MHz to 80 MHz 0.1 ps rms fIN = 622.08 MHz, f
JITTER TRANSFER BANDWIDTH 180 Hz
JITTER TRANSFER PEAKING 0.1 dB
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS
3.3 V CMOS; standard drive strength
setting; 10 pF load
= 622.08 MHz
OUT
= 622.08 MHz
OUT
= 622.08 MHz
OUT
= 622.08 MHz
OUT
= 622.08 MHz
OUT
See the Typical Performance
Characteristics section
See the Typical Performance
Characteristics section
Table 4.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
Requires a crystal with a 10 pF load
specification
POWER CONSUMPTION
Table 5.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
TOTAL CURRENT 169 195 mA
VDD CURRENT BY PIN
Pin 9 24 27 mA
Pin 23 78 84 mA
Pin 27 36 42 mA
Pin 34 36 42 mA
LVPECL OUTPUT DRIVER 38 mA
At maximum output frequency with both
output channels active
900 MHz with 100 Ω termination between
both pins of the output driver
Rev. B | Page 5 of 40
AD9551
LOGIC INPUT PINS
Table 6.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Logic 1 Voltage, VIH 1.0 V
Logic 0 Voltage, VIL 0.8 V
Logic 1 Current, IIH 3 µA
Logic 0 Current, IIL 17 µA
1
The A[3:0], B[3:0], Y[3:0], and OUTSEL pins have 100 kΩ internal pull-up resistors.
RESET PIN
Table 7.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Input Voltage High, VIH 1.8 V
Input Voltage Low, VIL 1.3 V
Input Current High, I
Input Current Low, I
MINIMUM PULSE WIDTH HIGH 2 ns
1
The RESET pin has a 100 kΩ internal pull-up resistor, so the default state of the device is reset.
1
For the CMOS inputs, a static Logic 1 results
from either a pull-up resistor or no connection
1
0.3 12.5 µA
INH
31 43 µA
INL
LOGIC OUTPUT PINS
Table 8.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage High, VOH 2.7 V
Output Voltage Low, VOL 0.4 V
SERIAL CONTROL PORT
Table 9.
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
CS
Input Logic 1 Voltage 1.6 V
Input Logic 0 Voltage 0.5 V
Input Logic 1 Current 0.03 µA
Input Logic 0 Current 2 µA
Input Capacitance 2 pF
SCLK
Input Logic 1 Voltage 1.6 V
Input Logic 0 Voltage 0.5 V
Input Logic 1 Current 2 µA
Input Logic 0 Current 0.03 µA
Input Capacitance 2 pF
SDIO
Input
Input Logic 1 Voltage 1.6 V
Input Logic 0 Voltage 0.5 V
Rev. B | Page 6 of 40
AD9551
Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
Input Logic 1 Current 1 µA
Input Logic 0 Current 1 µA
Input Capacitance 2 pF
Output
Output Logic 1 Voltage 2.8 V 1 mA load current
Output Logic 0 Voltage 0.3 V 1 mA load current
SERIAL CONTROL PORT TIMING
Table 10.
Parameter Limit Unit
SCLK
Clock Rate, 1/t
Pulse Width High, t
Pulse Width Low, t
SDIO to SCLK Setup, tDS 4 ns min
SCLK to SDIO Hold, tDH 0 ns min
SCLK to Valid SDIO, tDV 13 ns max
CS to SCLK Setup (tS) and Hold (tH)
CS Minimum Pulse Width High
50 MHz max
CLK
3 ns min
HIGH
3 ns min
LOW
0 ns min
6.4 ns min
Rev. B | Page 7 of 40
AD9551
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 11.
Parameter Rating
Supply Voltage (VDD) 3.6 V
Maximum Digital Input Voltage −0.5 V to VDD + 0.5 V
Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C
Operating Temperature Range −40°C to +85°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 300°C
Junction Temperature 150°C
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
Rev. B | Page 8 of 40
AD9551
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
A2
A3
B0
B1
37
38
39
40
PIN 1
1B2
INDICATOR
2B3
3
REFA
4REFA
5REFB
6
REFB
7RESET
8LDO_IPDIG
9VDD
10LDO_XTAL
NOTES
1. EXPOSED DI E PAD MUST BE CONNECTED TO GND.
AD9551
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
11
12
13
CS
XTAL0
XTAL1
14
SCLK
Figure 3. Pin Configuration
Table 12. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin
No.
9, 23,
Mnemonic Type
VDD P Power Supply Connection (3.3 V Analog Supply).
1
Description
27, 34
30, 31 GND P Analog Ground.
4 REFA I Analog Input (Active High)—Reference Clock Input A.
3
REFA
I Analog Input (Active High)—Complementary Reference Clock Input A.
5 REFB I Analog Input (Active High)—Reference Clock Input B.
6
13
REFB
CS
I Analog Input (Active High)—Complementary Reference Clock Input B.
I Digital Input Chip Select (Active Low).
14 SCLK I Serial Data Clock.
15 SDIO I/O Digital Serial Data Input/Output.
7 RESET I
Digital Input (Active High). Resets internal logic to default states. This pin has an internal 100 kΩ
pull-up resistor, so the default state of the device is reset.
11 XTL0 I Pin for Connecting an External Crystal (20 MHz to 30 MHz).
12 XTL1 I Pin for Connecting an External Crystal (20 MHz to 30 MHz).
33 OUT1 O Square Wave Clocking Output 1.
32
OUT1
O Complementary Square Wave Clocking Output 1.
29 OUT2 O Square Wave Clocking Output 2.
28
OUT2
17 LF I/O
O Complementary Square Wave Clocking Output 2.
Loop Filter Node for the Output PLL. Connect an external 12 nF capacitor (100 nF in 19.44 MHz
mode) from this pin to Pin 22 ( LDO_VCO).
26 OUTPUT PLL LOCKED O Active High Locked Status Indicator for the Output PLL.
25 INPUT PLL LOCKED O Active High Locked Status Indicator for the Input PLL.
16 OUTSEL I
Logic 0 selects LVDS, and Logic 1 selects LVPECL-compatible levels for both OUT1 and OUT2
when the outputs are not under SPI port control. Can be overridden via the programming registers.
8 LDO_IPDIG P/O LDO Decoupling Pin. Connect a 0.47 F decoupling capacitor from this pin to ground.
10 LDO_XTAL P/O LDO Decoupling Pin. Connect a 0.47 F decoupling capacitor from this pin to ground.
22 LDO_VCO P/O LDO Decoupling Pin. Connect a 0.47 F decoupling capacitor from this pin to ground.
24 LDO_1.8 P/O LDO Decoupling Pin. Connect a 0.47 F decoupling capacitor from this pin to ground.
35 A0 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFA dividers.
36 A1 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFA dividers.
37 A2 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFA dividers.
38 A3 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFA dividers.
39 B0 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFB dividers.
40 B1 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFB dividers.
1 B2 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFB dividers.
2 B3 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the REFB dividers.
21 Y0 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the output PLL feedback dividers and OUT1 dividers.
20 Y1 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the output PLL feedback dividers and OUT1 dividers.
19 Y2 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the output PLL feedback dividers and OUT1 dividers.
18 Y3 I Control Pin. Selects preset values for the output PLL feedback dividers and OUT1 dividers.
EP Exposed Die Pad The exposed die pad must be connected to GND.
1
P = power, I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P/O = power/output.