Amprobe DM-111S User Manual

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DM-IIIS User’s Manual

Release EN 1.02 - 11/12/2003

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DMIIIS

EN - 1

CONTENTS:

1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES ........................................................................ 3

1.1. General ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.2. Preliminary instructions............................................................................................... 3

1.3. During use .................................................................................................................. 4

1.4. After use ..................................................................................................................... 4

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 5

2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5

2.2. Functions .................................................................................................................... 5

2.3. Initial screen ............................................................................................................... 5

3. PREPARING THE INSTRUMENT ........................................................................................ 6

3.1. Initial check ................................................................................................................. 6

3.2. Instrument power supply ............................................................................................. 6

3.3. Calibration ................................ ................................................................ .................. 6

3.4. Storage ....................................................................................................................... 6

4. HOW TO OPERATE ............................................................................................................. 7

4.1. Instrument: description ............................................................................................... 7

4.2. Keyboard: description ................................................................................................. 7

4.3. Display: description .................................................................................................... 8

4.4. Backlight function ....................................................................................................... 8

5. MENU GENERAL ................................................................................................ ................. 9

5.1. Initial settings ................................................................................................ .............. 9

5.1.1. How to adjust the contrast.................................................................................. 9

5.1.2. How to set date and time ................................................................................... 9

5.1.3. How to set the language .................................................................................... 9

5.2. Basic setting: analyzer config ................................................................................... 10

5.2.1. How to set the type of electrical system under test .......................................... 10

5.2.2. How to set the fundamental frequency ............................................................. 10

5.2.3. How to set the current range ............................................................................ 10

5.2.4. How to set the clamp type ................................................................ ................ 11

5.2.5. How to set the value of the transformer voltage ratio (TV RATIO) ................... 11

5.2.6. How to enable/disable the password ............................................................... 11

5.3. Basic setting: recorder config ................................................................................... 12

5.4. Analyzer memory ...................................................................................................... 19

5.5. Reset ................................ ........................................................................................ 20

6. SWITCH FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................ 21

6.1. Position "VOLTAGE" ................................................................................................ 22

6.1.1. Symbols ........................................................................................................... 22

6.1.2. "METER" mode ................................................................................................ 23

6.1.3. "HARM" mode .................................................................................................. 24

6.1.4. "WAVE" mode .................................................................................................. 25

6.2. Position "CURRENT" ................................................................................................ 26

6.2.1. Symbols ........................................................................................................... 26

6.2.2. “METER" mode ................................................................................................ 27

6.2.3. “HARM" mode .................................................................................................. 28

6.2.4. "WAVE" mode .................................................................................................. 29

6.3. Position "POWER" .................................................................................................... 30

6.3.1. Symbols ........................................................................................................... 30

6.3.2. "METER" mode ................................................................................................ 31

6.3.3. "WAVE" mode .................................................................................................. 33

6.4. Position "ENERGY" .................................................................................................. 34

6.4.1. Symbols ........................................................................................................... 34

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6.4.2. "METER" mode ................................................................................................ 35

7. STARTING A RECORDING ................................................................................................ 36

8. DURING A RECORDING .................................................................................................... 38

9. STOPPING A RECORDING OR AN ENERGY MEASUREMENT ...................................... 39

10. CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC ................................................................. 40

11. MEASURING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................... 41

11.1. Hints for flexible clamps use ..................................................................................... 41

11.2. Using the instrument in a single phase system ......................................................... 42

11.3. Using the instrument in a three phase 4 wire system................................................ 43

11.4. Using the instrument in a three phase 3 wire system................................................ 44

12. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................... 46

12.1. General ..................................................................................................................... 46

12.2. Battery replacement ................................................................................................. 46

12.3. Cleaning ................................................................................................................... 46

13. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................... 47

13.1. Features ................................................................................................................... 47

13.1.1. Voltage measurement (autoranging) ............................................................ 47

13.1.2. Voltage anomalies detection (manual selection of range) ............................ 47

13.1.3. Current measurement (using external transducer) ....................................... 47

13.1.4. Power measurement (cos: 0.5c – 0.5i) ....................................................... 47

13.1.5. Cos measurement ...................................................................................... 47

13.1.6. Measurement of harmonics .......................................................................... 48

13.1.7. Frequency measurement.............................................................................. 48

13.1.8. Compliance .................................................................................................. 48

13.1.9. Temperature drift .......................................................................................... 48

13.1.10. Safety ........................................................................................................... 48

13.1.11. General characteristics ................................................................................. 49

13.2. ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................... 49

13.2.1. Operating conditions .................................................................................... 49

13.2.2. EMC ............................................................................................................. 49

13.3. ACCESSORIES ........................................................................................................ 49

13.3.1. Standard accessories ................................................................................... 49

14. APPENDIX 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED ....................................................................... 50

15. APPENDIX 2 – RECORDABLE PARAMETERS: SYMBOLS ........................................... 51

16. APPENDIX 3 – THEORETICAL OUTLINES .................................................................... 52

16.1. Voltage anomalies (voltage sag and surge) .............................................................. 52

16.2. Voltage and current harmonics ................................................................................. 52

16.2.1. Theory .......................................................................................................... 52

16.2.2. Limit values for harmonics ............................................................................ 53

16.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes ................................................................... 54

16.2.4. Presence of harmonics: consequences ........................................................ 54

16.3. Power and power factor: definitions .......................................................................... 55

16.3.1. Conventions on powers and power factors................................................... 56

16.3.2. 3 phase 3 wire system .................................................................................. 57

16.4. Measuring method: outlines ...................................................................................... 58

16.4.1. Integration periods ........................................................................................ 58

16.4.2. Power factor calculations.............................................................................. 58

17. AFTER-SALE SERVICE .................................................................................................. 59

17.1. Warranty ................................................................................................................... 59

17.2. Service ..................................................................................................................... 59

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Caution: keep to what prescribed by the manual. An incorrect use could damage the instrument or its components

High voltage: risk of electric shock

1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES

1.1. GENERAL

This instrument has been designed in compliance with EN 61010 directive. For your own safety and to avoid damaging the instrument we suggest you follow the procedures hereby

prescribed and to read carefully all the notes preceded by the symbol . Before and during measurements please be very diligent in following instructions below:

 Do not measure voltage or current in wet or dusty places;  Do not measure in presence of gas, explosive materials or combustibles;  Do not touch the circuit under test if no measurement is being taken;  Do not touch exposed metal parts, unused terminals, circuits and so on;  Do not use the instrument if it seems to be malfunctioning (i.e. if you notice

deformations, breaks, leakage of substances, absence of messages on the display and so on);

 Use only cables and accessories approved by Amprobe. The following symbols are used in this manual:

1.2. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS

 This instrument has been designed for use in places with pollution class 2.  It can be used for voltage and current measurements in installations of excess

voltage category III 635 V~ phase to phase / 370 V~ phase to earth up to (and no more than) 2000 meters altitude.

 Please keep to the usual safety standards aimed at:

 Protecting against dangerous currents;  Protecting the instrument against incorrect operations.

 Only the accessories supplied with the instrument guarantee compliance with the

safety standards. Accordingly, they must be in good conditions and, if necessary, they must be replaced with identical models.

 Do not take measurements on circuits exceeding the specified current and voltage

limits.

 Before connecting cables, alligator clips and clamps to the circuit under test, make sure

that the right function has been selected.

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CAUTION

Should you fail to keep to the prescribed instructions you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.

1.3. DURING USE

Please read carefully:

 When the instrument is connected to the circuit under test, do not touch any unused

terminal.

 When measuring current, other currents located near the leads may affect the

measuring accuracy.

 When measuring current, always position the wire in the very middle of the jaws in

order to obtain the highest accuracy.

 A measured value remains constant if the "HOLD" function is active. Should you notice

that the measured value remains unchanged, disable the “HOLD” function.

1.4. AFTER USE

 After use, turn off the instrument by pressing ON/OFF for a few seconds.  If you will not be using the instrument for long periods of time use the storage

instructions described at paragraph 3.4.

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CAUTION

Please note the difference between memorize and record. These terms will be used repeatedly in this manual. Please focus on their definitions and distinctions.

DM-IIIS

AMPROBE

SN: 00000000

VER:x.xx

CALIBRATION DATE

00.00.00

BAUD RATE 57600

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

2.1. INTRODUCTION

The DM-IIIS represents a new approach to the world of electrical measurement. Computer assisted instruments such as the DM-IIIS permit an easy and fast analysis of a huge quantity of data.

2.2. FUNCTIONS

The DM-IIIS is able to:  display in real time the electrical parameters of a single phase and three-phase

systems (with or without neutral wire) and the harmonic analysis of voltages and currents.

 conduct a direct Energy measurement (without memorizing).  memorize (pressing SAVE key) the sampled values of the Parameters present at the

instrument’s input generates a "Smp" record inside the instrument’s memory. It will be possible to analyze the memorized data ONLY by transferring it to a PC.

 record simultaneously (pressing the START key after a proper setting): RMS values

of voltages, currents, corresponding harmonics, active, reactive and apparent powers, power factors and cos, active, reactive and apparent energies, voltage sag and surge with 10ms resolution. It will be possible to analyze the recorded data ONLY by

transferring them to a PC.

2.3. INITIAL SCREEN

When turning on the instrument by pressing ON/OFF, this screen will appear for a few seconds:

Here you can see:

 serial number of the instrument (SN.:)  firmware software release (VER.:)  calibration date (CALIBRATION:)  transmission speed through serial I/O (Baud Rate)

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CAUTION

For recordings ALWAYS use the external power supply (even though the instrument allows the operator to perform a recording using internal batteries).

3. PREPARING THE INSTRUMENT

3.1. INITIAL CHECK

This instrument has been checked before shipment from an electrical and mechanical point of view. All possible precautions have been taken in order to deliver it in perfect condition. Notwithstanding, on receipt of the instrument we suggest that you check it summarily to make sure that no damage has occurred in transit. Should you find irregularities please contact the carrier immediately. Furthermore, please make sure that the parcel contains all the accessories and parts listed in paragraph 13.3. In case of discrepancies please contact your dealer. Should it be necessary to return the instrument to the supplier please keep to the instructions given at paragraph 17.

3.2. INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY

The instrument can be powered by:

 6 batteries 1.5V AA - LR6 series located in the compartment on the back of the

instrument

 an external power supply code DMT-EXTPS supplied with the instrument (standard

accessory).

The instrument uses sophisticated algorithms to prolong the battery life. Particularly:

 The instrument switches OFF the backlight Automatically after 5 seconds.  If the instrument is displaying in real time (and the external power supply is not

connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument turns off automatically ("AUTOPOWER OFF" procedure).

 If the instrument is recording or is measuring energy (and the external power supply is

not connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument starts a special procedure to save the batteries ("ECONOMY MODE"): the instrument keeps recording but the display is turned off.

3.3. CALIBRATION

The instrument complies with the standards mentioned in this manual. Its performance is guaranteed for one year from the purchase date.

3.4. STORAGE

To guarantee accurate measurements, after a long storage period in severe environmental conditions wait until the instrument resumes its normal conditions (see environmental conditions listed in paragraph 13.2).

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ESC

F1 F2 F3 F4

HOLD ENTER

SAVE

ESC

START STOP

Legend:

1. Inputs for voltage and currents

2. RS232 serial output

3. Plug for external power supply

4. Display

5. Rotary switch

6. Keyboard

4. HOW TO OPERATE

4.1. INSTRUMENT: DESCRIPTION

4.2. KEYBOARD: DESCRIPTION

The following keys are available.

 ON/OFF: turning on – turning off / Backlight ON (automatic Off after 5 sec.)  F1, F2, F3, F4: multifunction keys. The various functions are deducible from the

 MENU: by pressing MENU it’s possible to check and modify the  ESC: to leave a menu or a sub-menu.

 ENTER/HOLD: double function key:

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a Record of “Smp” type (see

 START/STOP: to start/stop manually a recording (see chapter 7).

symbols shown on the bottom of the display. recording parameters.

 ENTER: to confirm the settings made  HOLD: to block the value updating in real time in all the

screens. This function is disabled when recording or measuring energy. When this function is

enabled it’s not possible to record or take an

energy measurement.

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

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27.09.00 17:35:12

VOLTAGE

V1 = 230.2 V V2 = 230.5 V V3 = 230.6 V V12 = 384.2 V V23 = 385.4 V V31 = 383.7 V freq = 60.0 Hz Phseq = 123

VOLTAGE

V1 = 230.2 V V2 = 230.5 V V3 = 230.6 V V12 = 384.2 V V23 = 385.4 V V31 = 383.7 V freq = 60.0 Hz Phseq = 123

HARM

WAVE

HARM

WAVE

4.3. DISPLAY: DESCRIPTION

The display is a graphic module with a resolution of 128x128 pixels (16384 pixels overall). Each pixel has a dimension of 0.5mm x 0.5mm, the visible area is a square of 73mm x 73mm. The first line of the display shows date and time. If not correct, you can set the exact ones according to the procedure described at paragraph 5.1.2. On the top right corner of the display you can always see the battery indicator and, if the external power supply is connected, the corresponding symbol.

These symbols will be omitted in the following illustrations.

4.4. BACKLIGHT FUNCTION

When instrument is turned on, pressing briefly the ON button, the backlight will be enabled. The light will be automatically turned off after 5 seconds. If the batteries are too low the instrument will disable automatically the backlight function.

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5. MENU GENERAL

MENU GENERAL

ANALYZER MEMORY

RESET ANALYZER CONFIG

RECORDER CONFIG CONTRAST

DATE&TIME LANGUAGE





By pressing the MENU key the following screen will be displayed:

It’s not possible to enter the MENU during a recording or a Real Time Energy measurement.

5.1. INITIAL SETTINGS

5.1.1. How to adjust the contrast

By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the CONTRAST item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key. By pressing the multifunction keys F3 and F4, adjust the contrast (higher values correspond to a higher contrast while lower values correspond to a lower contrast) and press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit the modification. This setting will remain unchanged after turning off the instrument.

5.1.2. How to set date and time

By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the DATE&TIME item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key. By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2 position the cursor on the Date format (FORMAT) and pressing the F3 or F4 keys select one of the following Date format:

Then using F1 and F2 multifunction keys position the cursor on the value to be modified and change the value using F3 and F4 keys.

The time is expressed as hh:mm (2 digit for hours, 2 digit for minutes) military time. Press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit the modification. This setting will remain unchanged also after turning off the instrument.

5.1.3. How to set the language

By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the LANGUAGE (EN) or LINGUA (IT) item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key. By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the desired language and press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit the modification. This setting will remain unchanged after turning off the instrument.

DMIIIS

DD.MM.YY (2 digit for day, 2 digit for Month, 2 digit for Year)

MM.DD.YY (2 digit for Month, 2 digit for Day, 2 digit for Year)

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5.2. BASIC SETTING: ANALYZER CONFIG

ANALYZER CONFIG

SYSTEM :3PH4W FREQUENCY:60HZ CURRENT

RANGE:1000A CLAMP TYPE: FlexINT TV RATIO:0001 PASSWORD:ON





Selecting the ANALYZER CONFIG item and pressing the ENTER Key, the following page will be displayed:

This page of settings can be confirmed by pressing the ENTER key or cancelled by pressing the ESC key.

5.2.1. How to set the type of electrical system under test

This parameter permits you to select the type of electrical system under test among the following configurations:

 SINGLE: single phase system  3PH3W: 3 wires system (three-phase system without neutral) (see

 3PH4W: 4 wires system (three-phase system with neutral)

The connections to the instrument inputs will have to be in keeping with the type of system selected. Position the cursor on the corresponding word by pressing the multifunction keys F1 and

F2 and set the desired value by pressing the multifunction keys F3 and F4.

5.2.2. How to set the fundamental frequency Position the cursor on the corresponding word by pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2 and select the network frequency between the possible values 50Hz and 60Hz by

pressing the multifunction keys F3 and F4. This parameter is important ONLY if the input voltage is not sufficient to recognize the value of the frequency (for example, only the clamps for the current measurement are connected). In this case the instrument generates an internal synchronism equal to the value of the set frequency.

5.2.3. How to set the current range The value of this parameter must be always equal to the full scale of the current clamps used to take the measurement. In case multi-scale clamps are used, the value of

this parameter must be equal to the scale selected on the clamps. Only for FLEX3 clamps You can set this parameter to 1000A or 3000A without any adjusting in the clamps. The instrument automatically will change its sensitivity according with settings. Set the desired value by pressing the multifunction keys F3 and F4.

DMIIIS

paragraph 16.3.2)

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5.2.4. How to set the clamp type

The value of this parameter must always be equal to the clamp type you are using. Two types of clamps are available:

 STD: for Standard clamps or Current Transformer  FlexEXT: for Flexible clamps with external power supply  FlexINT: for Flexible clamps FLEX3 (coil directly connected with instrument's

inputs). These clamps allows 1000A and 3000A range.

Set the desired value by pressing the multifunction keys F3 and F4.

5.2.5. How to set the value of the transformer voltage ratio (TV RATIO)

The instrument can also be interfaced with step-down transformers in the equipment under test: it can display the value of the voltages present on the primary winding of these

transformers. To do this it will be necessary to set the value of the transformers’ windings

ratio from 2:1 to 3000:1. The default is set at 1:1 for measurements of non-transformer systems.

Select “TV RATIO” in the ANALYZER CONFIG menu. Set the desired value by pressing

the multifunction keys F3 and F4.

5.2.6. How to enable/disable the password

The instrument is provided with a protective routine to avoid the risk of being disturbed or interrupted during a recording or an energy measurement. Once a recording or a direct

energy measurement has been started (with the option “PASSWORD” enabled), after

about 3 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation it won’t be possible to press

START/STOP to stop the recording, “PASSWORD” will be displayed and it will be

necessary to insert the password. In order to insert the password (which is not changeable), press the multifunction keys in the following sequence (within 10 seconds):

F1, F4, F3, F2

If you wait more than about 10 seconds the display will return to the meter mode and the

instrument will continue recording. If you insert a wrong password the message “Password error” will be displayed under “PASSWORD”. After a few seconds the display will return to

meter mode and the instrument will continue recording. In order to enable/disable this option the correct password will have to be entered. The display will return to meter mode and START/STOP will have to be pressed again to stop the recording. You will then need to re-enter the “ANALYZER CONFIG” menu and scroll up or down to the item “PASSWORD: ON” using the multifunction keys F1 and F2. Then turn the password off by pressing the multifunction keys F3 and F4.

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5.3. BASIC SETTING: RECORDER CONFIG

This option allows you to check and eventually modify the recording parameters and the selected parameters (up to a maximum of 64). The calculation of the selected values is not affected by the rotary switch position. If the number of selected values exceeds 64 the message "too many param" will be displayed. The MENU mode is divided into 4 separate sub-pages:

 1st page: This page allows you to set the START/ STOP mode (AUTO or

MANUAL), the START and STOP time if AUTO mode is selected, the Integration Period value, the Enabling/Disabling of voltage Sag and Surge detection, the Enabling/Disabling of Harmonics detection. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following page. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing parameters.

 2nd page: This page is devoted to the settings relevant to the VOLTAGE recording.

Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following page. Press ESC to leave this page without modifying the existing parameters. From this page you can enter the sub-page “Harmonics” which permits you to select the voltage harmonics to be recorded. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and leave the “Menu Harmonics". Press ESC to leave the "Menu Harmonics" without modifying the existing parameters.

 3rd page: This page is devoted to the settings relevant to the CURRENT recording.

Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following page. Press ESC to leave this page without modifying the existing parameters. From this page you can enter the sub-page “Harmonics” which permits you to select the current harmonics to be recorded. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and leave the “Menu Harmonics". Press ESC to leave the "Menu Harmonics" without modifying the existing parameters.

 4th page: Menu composed of two sub-pages devoted to the selection of the

POWERS and ENERGIES to be recorded. From this page you can enter the sub-page “POWER” and “ENERGY” which permits you to select the parameters to be recorded. Selecting the active powers for the recording, the corresponding active energies will be automatically selected. Selecting the reactive powers for the recording, the corresponding reactive energies will be selected. Press ENTER to leave this page confirming the modifications made. Press ESC to leave the "Menu" without modifying the existing parameters.

The various pages of the "RECORDER CONFIG" can be schematized as follows:

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Page of the RECORDER

CONFIG MENU

Example of 2nd page in single-

phase mode with ANOM flag

enabled

Example of 2nd page in “3

wires” three-phase mode with

ANOM flag enabled

Example of 2nd page in “4 wires”

three-phase mode with ANOM

flag enabled

Example of sub-page

"VOLTAGE HARMONICS"

RECORDER CONFIG

START

MANU

STOP MANU

INT. PERIOD: 15min HARM REC: ON ANOM REC: ON





RECORDER CONFIG

VOLTAGE:

HARM. REC:Pg (ON)

Vref P-N: 230V LIM+: 06% (243.8V) LIM-: 10% (207.0V)





RECORDER CONFIG

VOLTAGE REC:

V12 V32 V31

HARM. REC:Pg (ON)

Vref P-P: 400V LIM+: 06% (424.0V) LIM-: 10% (360.0V)





RECORDER CONFIG

VOLTAGE REC:

V1 V2 V3

V12 V32 V31

HARM. REC:Pg (ON)

Vref P-N: 230V LIM+: 06% (243.8V) LIM-: 10% (207.0V)





ENTER



RECORDER CONFIG

VOLTAGE HARMONICS

Thd DC 01 02 03 04

05 06 07 08 09 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49





Use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired word and use the multifunction keys F3 / F4 to modify the value. Press ENTER to confirm and proceed inside the Menu, keeping the settings made. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing parameters.

Use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired voltage harmonic and use the multifunction keys F3 / F4 to select / deselect (it’s selected if highlighted in black). Press ENTER to confirm. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings. The instrument will record the values of the selected harmonics corresponding to the voltages selected in one of the two pages of the Menu previously illustrated.

ENTER



To Select MANUAL or AUTOMATIC start/stop mode, place the cursor on MANU or AUTO using the multifunction key F1 or F2 and select the desired mode using F3 or F4.

If you want to change Voltage Harm. Selection place the

cursor on the corresponding “Pg” symbol then Press F3

Use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired word and use the multifunction keys F3 / F4 to select / deselect the desired parameter (it’s selected if marked in black). Press ENTER to confirm and leave the Menu keeping the settings made. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing parameters.

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Example of 3rd page in single-

phase mode

Example of 3rd page in “3

wires” three-phase mode

Example of 3rd page in “4 wires”

three-phase mode

Example of sub-page

"CURRENT HARMONICS"

RECORDER CONFIG

CURRENT REC:

HARM. REC:Pg (ON)





RECORDER CONFIG

CURRENT REC:

I1 I2 I3

HARM. REC: Pg (ON)





RECORDER CONFIG

CURRENT REC:

I1 I2 I3 IN

HARM. REC:Pg (ON)





ENTER



RECORDER CONFIG

CURRENT HARMONICS

Thd DC 01 02 03 04

05 06 07 08 09 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49





Use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired current harmonic and use the multifunction keys F3 / F4 to select / deselect (it’s selected if marked in black). Press ENTER to confirm. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings. The instrument will record the values of the selected harmonics corresponding to the currents selected in one of the two pages of the Menu previously illustrated.

ENTER



From 2nd page

of RECORDER CONFIG MENU

Use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the

desired word and use the multifunction keys F3 / F4 to modify the value or select / deselect the desired parameter (it’s selected if marked in black). Press ENTER to confirm. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings.

If you want to change Current Harm. Selection place

Cursor on the corresponding “Pg” symbol then Press F3

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Example of 4th page

Example of POWER sub-page in

single-phase mode

Example of POWER sub-page

in “3 wires” three-phase mode

Example of POWER sub-page in

“4 wires” three-phase mode

RECORDER CONFIG

CO-GENERATION:O N

POWER:Pg

ENERGY:Pg





RECORDER CONFIG

P1 Q1i Q1c S1 Pf1 dPf1





RECORDER CONFIG

Pt P12 P32 Qti Q12i Q32i Qtc Q12c Q32c St S12 S32 Pft dPft





RECORDER CONFIG

Pt P1 P2 P3 Qti Q1i Q2i Q3i Qtc Q1c Q2c Q3c St S1 S2 S3 Pfi Pf1 Pf2 Pf3 dPfi dPf1 dPf2 dPf3





ENTER



From 3rd page

of RECORDER CONFIG MENU

ENTER



In order to select the POWER to be recorded use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the

corresponding “Pg” Symbol and then press F3

Selecting the active powers for the recording, the corresponding active energies will be automatically selected. Selecting the reactive powers for the recording, the corresponding reactive energies will be selected.

Page 18

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EN - 16

Example of 4th page

Example of ENERGY sub-page

in single-phase mode

Example of ENERGY sub-page in “3 wires” three-phase mode

Example of ENERGY sub-page

in “4 wires” three-phase mode

RECORDER CONFIG

CO-GENERATION:O N

POWER:Pg

ENERGY:Pg





RECORDER CONFIG

Ea1 Eri1 Erc1 Es1





RECORDER CONFIG

Eat Erit Erct Est





RECORDER CONFIG

Eat Ea1 Ea2 Ea3 Erit Eri1 Eri2 Eri3 Erct Erc1 Erc2 Earc 3 Est Es1 Es2 Es3





ENTER



From 3rd page

of RECORDER CONFIG MENU

ENTER



In order to select the ENERGIES to be recorded use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the

corresponding “Pg” Symbol and then press F3

Selecting/deselecting the active energies for the recording, the corresponding active powers will be automatically selected/deselected. Selecting/deselecting the reactive energies for the recording, the corresponding reactive powers will be selected/deselected. Selecting/deselecting the reactive energies for the recording, the corresponding reactive powers will be selected/deselected.

Page 19

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EN - 17

Symbols

Description

Advised settings

START:MAN

The recording of all the selected parameters will start at 00 seconds after pressing START/STOP (see chapter 7).



STOP:MAN

The recording of all the selected parameters will be interrupted manually by pressing START/STOP (see chapter 9).



START:AUTO

STOP:AUTO

The recording of all the selected values will be started / interrupted at the set dates and times. In order to start the recording the user will have to press START/STOP to set the instrument in Stand-by mode until the start date and time previously set (see chapter 7).

INT. PERIOD

The value of this parameter determines how many seconds the values of all the selected parameters will be memorized (see chapter 16.4.1). Available choices: 5sec, 10sec, 30sec, 1min, 2min 5min, 10min, 15min, 60min.

15min



HARM REC.

ON = the instrument will record the values of the selected

voltage and current harmonics corresponding to the

voltages and currents selected in the corresponding pages “Voltage” and “Current”.

Example: If the following Parameters are selected:

a) Phase Voltage 1 and 2, Thd, Harmonics 1,3,5. b) Phase Current 2 and 3, Thd, Harmonics 3,5,7.

The instrument will record:

a) The Phase Voltage 1 and 2, Thd and Harmonics 1,3,5

of the Phase Voltage 1 and 2 while it will not record anything about Phase Voltage 3

b) The Phase Current 2 and 3, Thd and Harmonics 3,5,7

of the Phase Current 2 and 3 while it will not record nothing about Phase Current 1



OFF = the instrument will not record any voltage or current

harmonic selected

ANOM REC.

ON = the Instrument will record Voltage Sag and Surge (see

paragraph 16.1)



OFF = the instrument will not record any voltage Sag and

Surge

V1, V2, V3

V12, V23 or V32,

V31

RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively, values of the phase-to-phase voltages 1-2, 2-3 or 3-2 and 3-1.



Single phase: V1

3 wires V12 V32 V31

4 wires V1, V2, V3

Thd, DC, 01...49

Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion, DC Component, 01..49 Harmonics respectively



Thd,01,03,05,07

Vref

(only if ANOM. REC

flag has been set

ON)

RMS reference value for Voltage used in Voltage Anomalies detection (Voltage Sag and Surge). The Reference is: a) Voltage Phase to Neutral for Single Phase and 4 wires

three phase system

b) Voltage Phase to Phase for 3 wires three phase system



Single phase: 230V

3 wires: 400V

4 wires 230V

LIM+, LIM-

(only if ANOM. REC

flag has been set

ON)

High and Low Voltage Percent threshold used in Voltage Anomalies detection (Voltage Sag and Surge). Example: Three Phase System 4 wires. Vref = 120, LIM+= 6%, LIM-=10% => High Lim = 127.2V, Low Lim = 108.0V The Instrument will detect a voltage Anomalies if the RMS Voltage Values (calculated every 10ms) beyond the above calculated thresholds (see paragraph 16.1).



Single phase: 120V

3 wires: 480V

4 wires 277V

I1, I2, I3, IN

RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and of the neutral respectively.



Single phase: I1

3 wires: I1, I2, I3

4 wires I1, I2, I3, IN

Thd, DC, 01..49

Current Total Harmonic Distortion, DC Component, 01..49 Harmonics respectively



Thd,01,03,05,07

Page 20

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EN - 18

CO-GENERATION

ON = the instrument is able to face situations of CO-

GENERATION of electrical equipment (that is, the equipment under test is able to generate energy besides absorbing it). Accordingly, the instrument will record the powers and energies both absorbed and generated (see paragraph 16.3.1). If this flag is enabled the maximum

number of parameters which can be selected decrease to 38.

OFF = the instrument will record ONLY the powers and

energies absorbed.



Pt, P1, P2, P3, P12, P32

Values of the active power (total, of phase1, phase2 and phase3) (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively



Single phase: P1

3 wires: Pt

4 wires Pt, P1, P2, P3

Qti, Q1i, Q2i, Q3i, Q12i, Q32i

Values of the inductive reactive power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3) (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the reactive inductive power measured by the VAR meters 1-2 and 3-2 respectively



Single phase: Q1i Q1c

3 wires: Qti Qtc

4 wires Qti Q1i Q2i,

Q3i

Qtc Q1c Q2c, Q3c

Qtc, Q1c, Q2c, Q3c, Q12c, Q32c

Values of the capacitive reactive power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3) (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the reactive capacitive power measured by the VA meters 1-2 and 3-2 respectively

St, S1, S2, S3, S12, S32

Values of the apparent power (total, of phase1, phase2, phase3) (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the power measured by the VA meters 1-2 and 3-2 respectively



Single phase: S1

3 wires: St

4 wires St, S1, S2, S3

Pft, Pf1, Pf2, Pf3

Values of the power factors (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 respectively)



Single phase: Pf1 dPf1

3w: Pft dPft

4w: Pft Pf1 Pf2 Pf3

dPft dPf1 dPf2 dPf3

dpft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3

Values of the cos (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 respectively)

Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3

Values of the active energy (total, of phase1, phase2 and phase3)



Single phase: Ea1

3 wires: Eat

4 wires Eat Ea1 Ea2

Ea3

Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3

Values of the inductive reactive energy (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3)



Single phase: Eri1

Erc1

3 wires: Erit Erct

4 wires Erit Eri1 Eri2

Eri3 Erct Erc1 Erc2

Erc3

Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3

Values of the capacitive reactive energy (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3)

Est, Es1, Es2, Es3

Values of the Apparent Energy (total, of phase1, phase2 and phase3)



Single phase: Es1

3 wires: Est

4 wires Est Es1 Es2

Es3

The value of the network frequency is automatically selected if at least one phase voltage (for the single-phase mode or the 4 wires three phase mode) or at least one phase-to-phase voltage (for the 3 wires three phase mode) is selected.

The symbols "i" and "c" stand for reactive powers (Q), power factors (Pf) and cos (dpf) inductive and capacitive respectively.

Selecting a power factor (Pf) or a cos (dPf) for the recording automatically their inductive value and their capacitive value will be recorded separately.

For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED.

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EN - 19

ANALYZER MEMORY

01 Smp 02.01 01:23 02 Rec 02.01-02.01 03 R&a 02.01-02.01 04 Rec 02.01-02.01 05 R&a 02.01-02.01 06 Rec 04.01-05.01

DATA SIZE:0.11Mb REC TIME: 0d.06h





LAST

ALL

Example of ANALYZER

MEMORY screen

5.4. ANALYZER MEMORY

This option permits you to display:

 The present content of the instrument memory  The size of the memorized data  The residual space available for future recordings (expressed in days and hours)

All the stored data can be displayed only if downloaded to a PC with the operating software.

After selecting “ANALYZER MEMORY” from the Main Menu the screen below will be displayed

 Rec: recordings effected with respective Start and Stop dates expressed in

the format “day.month” (start) – “day.month” (stop) without Voltage Sag and Surge detection.

 R&a: recordings effected with respective Start and Stop dates expressed in

the format “day.month” (start) – “day.month” (stop) with Voltage Sag and Surge detection.

 Smp: values of the samples of voltage and current stored by pressing SAVE.  DATA SIZE: dimensions of the data saved in the instrument memory.  REC TIME: amount of memory available, calculated on the basis of the parameters

selected for recording, therefore the most complete one (expressed in the

format “days.hours”) to make recordings. The maximum quantity of Rec + R&a + Smp which can be contained by the instrument is 35. Following keys are enabled:  F1, F2: (only if the quantity of Rec+R&a+Smp is higher than 7) to run over all

the recordings stored in the instrument memory.

 F3: to cancel the last recording effected.  F4: to cancel all the recordings effected.

Page 22

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EN - 20

5.5. RESET

This option re-establishes the default settings of the instrument. The default settings of the instrument consist of:  ANALYZER CONFIG:

Frequency: 60Hz Full scale of the clamps: 1000A Transforming ratio of voltmetric transformers: 1 Type of electrical equipment: 4 wires Password: enabled

 RECORDER CONFIG:

Start: Manual (the recording is started at 00 sec mark on clock after pressing the START/STOP key) Stop: Manual Integration period: 15min Recording of harmonics: ON Recording of Sag and Surge: ON Voltage Reference for Sag and Surge detection: 230V Upper Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 6% Lower Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 10% Selected voltages: V1, V2, V3 Selected voltage harmonics: Thd, 01, 03, 05, 07 Selected currents: I1, I2, I3, IN Selected current harmonics: Thd, 01, 03, 05, 07 CO-GENERATION: OFF Powers, Pf and cos selected: Pt, P1, P2, P3 Qti, Q1i, Q2i, Q3i Qtc, Q1c, Q2c, Q3c St, S1, S2, S3 Pft, Pf1, Pf2, Pf3 dpft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Energies: Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Est, Es1, Es2, Es3

The RESET command will not erase the instrument’s memory.

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EN - 21

6. SWITCH FUNCTIONS

For a simple usage, the main functions of the instrument can be selected by rotating the switch:

 Position "VOLTAGE": to be used to display voltage and corresponding harmonics

(see paragraph 6.1)

 Position "CURRENT": to be used to display current and corresponding harmonics

(see paragraph 6.2)

 Position "POWER": it permits you to display all the parameters measurable by

the instrument: voltage, current, active, reactive and apparent

power, power factor, cos and energy (see paragraph 6.3)

 Position "ENERGY": to be used to display active, reactive and apparent power,

power factor, cos and energy (see paragraph 6.4)

More practically, we may schematize the right procedure of use as follows:

1. Check and eventually modify the basic settings of the instrument

2. By rotating the switch, select the type of measurement to be taken

3. Connect the instrument to the electrical system to be tested

4. Evaluate the values of the parameters under test

5. If you want to record:

a) Decide what to record b) Press MENU and check if the existing parameters meet your requirements

6. Connect the External Power Supply

7. Start the recording by pressing START/STOP.

Page 24

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EN - 22

Symbol

Description

V1, V2, V3

RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

V12, V23 or V32, V31

RMS Value of the phase to phase voltages

Vpk1, Vpk2, Vpk3, Vpk12, Vpk32

Peak value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and of the phase to phase voltage 12 and 32 respectively

h01 - h49

Harmonic 01 - Harmonic 49.

ThdV

Factor of total harmonic distortion of the voltage (see paragraph 16.2).

freq

Network frequency

Phseq

Phase sequence indicator

"123" correct "132" inverted "023" null voltage on the black wire "103" null voltage on the red wire "120" null voltage on the blue wire "100" null voltages on the red and blue wires "020" null voltages on the black and blue wires "003" null voltages on the black and red wires

6.1. POSITION "VOLTAGE"

This function permits you to display in real time the RMS value of AC/DC voltage, the peak and Thd value of the 3 phase voltages (see paragraph 16.2), the waveform and the harmonic spectrum of the 3 phase voltages.

6.1.1. Symbols

The VOLTAGE position has three working modes:

 METER  WAVE  HARM

These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The symbols used are described below:

Tab. 1: Symbols used in the position VOLTAGE

Page 25

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EN - 23

27.09.00 17:35:12

SINGLE PHASE

VOLTAGE

V1 = 230.2 V Vpk1 = 325.5 V ThdV = 0.0 % freq = 60.0 Hz

VOLTAGE

V12 = 384.2 V V32 = 385.4 V V31 = 383.7 V freq = 60.0 Hz

VOLTAGE

V1 = 230.2 V V2 = 230.5 V V3 = 230.6 V V12 = 384.2 V V23 = 385.4 V V31 = 383.7 V freq = 60.0 Hz Phseq = 123

HARM.

WAVE

HARM.

WAVE

HARM.

WAVE

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase mode

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase mode

6.1.2. "METER" mode

On rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the below screens according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 1. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F1: to pass to "HARMONIC" mode (see paragraph 6.1.3).  F2: to pass to "WAVE" mode (see paragraph 6.1.4).  SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

displayed data. All the previous functions remain available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this

function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy

measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

(see chapter 7).

Page 26

EN - 24

6.1.3. "HARM" mode

Example of screen in single-

phase system

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase system

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase system

27.09.00 17:35:12

V1 = 230.2 V h03 = 10.2 V h03 = 4.3 % ThdV = 11 . 0 %

h49





27.09.00 17:35:12

V12 = 400.2 V h03 = 14.2 V h03 = 3.5 % ThdV = 11.0 %

ChgP

h49





27.09.00 17:35:12

V1 = 230.2 V h03 = 10.2 V h03 = 4.3 % ThdV = 11.0 %

ChgP

h49





Selecting the HARM mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the harmonics (see paragraph

16.2) of the phase or phase-to-phase voltage.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 1. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. The displayed histograms represent the harmonic content of the voltage under test. The value of the first harmonic h01 (fundamental at 60Hz) is not represented in scale along with the other harmonics in order to maximize the display of the latter. In case both voltage and current are connected to the instrument inputs, eventual negative values of the harmonics (therefore represented under the horizontal axis), indicate that such voltage harmonics are “generated” by the load. Following keys are enabled:

 F3, F4: to move the cursor of the selected harmonic leftwards and rightwards

 F1 (only for three-phase mode): to display the values of the harmonics of

 F2: to display the page of the harmonics h01  h24 (symbol h24) or that of  ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.1.2).

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a “Smp” type record (see paragraph

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

respectively. At the same time the values relevant to the order no. of the selected harmonic and to the corresponding absolute and relative values (calculated on the basis of the fundamental) are updated.

the other voltages available. The voltage displayed is indicated above the F3 key.

the harmonics h25  h49 (symbol h49).

5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed.

When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an

energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

Page 27

EN - 25

6.1.4. "WAVE" mode

Example of screen in single-

phase system

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase system

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase system

27.09.00 17:35:12

V1 = 230.2 V Vpk1 = 325.5 V freq = 60.0 Hz

27.09.00 17:35:12

5:12

V12 = 400.2 V Vpk12= 565.5 V

freq = 60.0 Hz

ChgP

27.09.00 17:35:12

V1 = 230.2 V Vpk1 = 325.5 V freq = 60.0 Hz

ChgP

Selecting the WAVE mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the waveform of the phase or phase-to-phase voltage.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 1. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F1: (only for three-phase mode): to display the values corresponding to  ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.1.2).

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

the following phase.

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this

function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy

measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

Page 28

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EN - 26

Symbol

Description

I1, I2, I3

RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

RMS value of the current on the neutral

Ipk1, Ipk2, Ipk3

Peak value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

h01  h49

Harmonic 01  harmonic 49.

ThdI

Total harmonic distortion factor of the current (see paragraph 16.2).

freq

Network frequency

6.2. POSITION "CURRENT"

This function permits you to display in real time the RMS value of AC/DC currents, the peak and Thdl value (see paragraph 16.2) of the 3 phase currents, the waveform and the harmonic spectrum of the 3 phase currents.

6.2.1. Symbols

The CURRENT position has three working modes:

 METER  WAVE  HARM

These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The symbols used are described below:

Tab. 2: Symbols used in the position CURRENT

Page 29

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EN - 27

27.09.00 17:35:12

SINGLE PHASE

CURRENT

I1 = 30.21 A Ipk1 = 49.53 A ThdI = 23.06 % freq = 60.0 Hz

CURRENT

I1 = 30.21 A I2 = 23.53 A I3 = 23.06 A freq = 60.0 Hz

CURRENT

I1 = 30.21 A I2 = 23.53 A I3 = 23.06 A IN = 8.4 A freq = 60.0 Hz

HARM.

WAVE

HARM.

WAVE

HARM.

WAVE

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase mode

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase mode

6.2.2. “METER" mode

On rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the screens below according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 2. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F1: to pass to "HARMONIC" mode (see paragraph 6.2.3).  F2: to pass to "WAVE" mode (see paragraph 6.2.4).  SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

(see chapter 7).

Page 30

EN - 28

6.2.3. “HARM" mode

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

or “4 wires” three-phase mode

27.09.00 17:35:12

I1 = 230.2 A h03 = 10.2 A h03 = 4.3 % ThdI = 11.0 %

h49





27.09.00 17:35:12

I1 = 230.2 A h03 = 10.2 A h03 = 4.3 % ThdI = 11.0 %

ChgP

h49





Selecting the HARM mode one of the screens below will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the harmonics (see paragraph

16.2) of the phase currents.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 2. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. The displayed histograms represent the harmonic content of the current under test. The value of the first harmonic h01 (primary at 60Hz) is not represented in scale along with the other harmonics in order to maximize the display of the latter. In case both voltage and current are connected to the instrument inputs, eventual negative values (therefore represented under the horizontal axis) indicate that such current harmonics are “generated” by the load. Following keys are enabled:

 F3, F4: to move the cursor of the selected harmonic leftwards and rightwards

 F1 (only for three-phase mode): to display the values of the harmonics of

 F2: to display the page of the harmonics h01  h24 (h24 symbol) or that of  ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.2.2)

 SAVE: to store in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

the other voltages available. The voltage displayed is indicated above the F3 key.

the harmonics h25  h49 (h49 symbol).

paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

Page 31

EN - 29

6.2.4. "WAVE" mode

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

or “4 wires” three-phase mode

27.09.00 17:35:12

I1 = 230.2 A Ipk1 = 325.5 A freq = 60.0 Hz

27.09.00 17:35:12

I2 = 400.2 A Ipk2 = 565.5 A

freq = 60.0 Hz

ChgP

Selecting the WAVE mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the waveform of the phase currents.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 2. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F1: (only for three-phase mode): to display the values relevant to the  ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.2.2).

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

following phase.

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

Page 32

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EN - 30

Symbol

Description

V1, V2, V3

RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

V12, V23, V32, V31

RMS Value of the phase to phase voltages

freq

Network frequency

Phseq

Phase sequence indicator

I1, I2, I3

RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

RMS value of the current of the neutral

Pt, P1, P2, P3

Values of the active power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively)

P12, P32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2).

Qt, Q1, Q2, Q3

Values of the reactive power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively)

Q12, Q32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VAR meter Va1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2).

St, S1, S2, S3

Values of the apparent power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively)

S12, S32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VA meter Va12 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2).

Pft, pf1, pf2, pf3

Values of the power factors (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively)

dPft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3

Value of the cos (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively)

Ead, Pd

Values of the Total Active Energy and Active Power On demand respectively

Esd, Sd

Values of the Total Apparent Energy and Apparent Power On demand respectively

6.3. POSITION "POWER"

This function permits you to display in real time the RMS value of AC/DC voltage, the peak and ThdV value of the 3 phase voltages, the waveform of the 3 phase voltages, the RMS value of AC/DC currents, the peak and Thdl of the 3 phase currents, the waveform of the 3 phase currents. Furthermore, the instrument calculates and displays the value of the phase and total active powers, the value of the phase and total reactive and capacitive powers, the value of the phase and total power factors and cos.

6.3.1. Symbols

The position POWER has two working modes:

 METER  WAVE

For voltage and current harmonics see paragraphs 6.1.3 and 6.2.3 respectively. These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs.

The symbols used are described below:

Tab. 3: Symbols used in the position POWER

The symbols "i" and "c" stand for reactive powers (Q), power factors (Pf) and cos (dpf) respectively inductive and capacitive.

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6.3.2. "METER" mode

27.09.00 17:35:12

SINGLE PHASE

POWER

V1 = 230.0 V I1 = 145.3 A P1 = 32.91 kW Q1 = 5.767 kVAR S1 = 33.41 kVA pf1 = 0.99 i dpf1 = 0.99 i

POWER

THREE WIRE

Pt = 64.19 kW Qt = 10.99 kVAR St = 65.12 kVA pft = 0.99 i dpft = 1.00 i

POWER

THREE PHASE

Pt = 135.8 kW Qt = 24.59 kVAR St = 138.0 kVA pft = 0.98 i dpft = 1.00 i Phseq= 123

WAVE

ChgP

WAVE

ChgP

WAVE

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase mode

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase mode

Upon rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the below screens according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 3. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F2: to pass to "WAVE" mode (see paragraph 6.3.3).  F1: (only for three-phase measurement) to display the previous or the

 Three-phase 3 wires: total three-phase values, Wattmeter phases 1-2 and 2-3 values,  Three-phase 4 wires: total three-phase values, phase1, phase2 and phase3 values,

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

following screen. On the basis of the settings made as per paragraph

5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically:

Peak Demand Peak Demand

paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed.

When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an

energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

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27.09.00 17:35:12

PEAK DEMAND

THREE PHASE

Ead = 98.36 kWh Pd = 24.59 kW

Peak Date

25.09.00 17:00 Int Period: 15min Rec n: 06

PEAK DEMAND

THREE PHASE

Esd = 120.84 kVAh Sd = 30.21 kVA

Peak Date

25.09.00 18:15 Int Period: 15min Rec n: 06

ChgP

VAh

ChgP

VAh

Example of “PEAK ENERGY DEMAND” screen

6.3.2.1. PEAK ENERGY DEMAND In three-phase system selecting the POWER Position and pressing F1 key 3 times you

can reach the “Peak Demand” mode. The “Peak Demand” screen shows the Max Average value of Active Power (and the corresponding Energy) or Max Average value of Apparent Power (and the corresponding Energy) measured during the last (or running) recording. The Average value is evaluated in the Integration Period set for the recording. This screen also shows the corresponding Active Energy and the corresponding Peak Date and Time.

 F1: to display the previous or the following screen. On the basis of the

 Three-phase 3 wires: total three-phase values, Wattmeter phases 1-2 and 2-3 values,  Three-phase 4 wires: total three-phase values, phase1, phase2 and phase3 values,

 F3: to show Active Power and Active Energy values  F4: to show Apparent Power and Apparent Energy values

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

settings made as per paragraph 5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically:

Peak Demand Peak Demand

paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed.

When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an

energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

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6.3.3. "WAVE" mode

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase mode

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase mode

27.09.00 17:35:12

V1 = 229.7 V I1 = 132.0 A pf1 = 0.98 i

27.09.00 17:35:12

V12 = 379.9 V I1 = 132.0 A

ChgP

27.09.00 17:35:12

V1 = 229.7 V I1 = 132.0 A pf1 = 0.98 i

ChgP

Selecting the WAVE mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the waveform of the phase currents and the phase (or phase-to-phase) voltage.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 3. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F1: (only for three-phase mode): to display the values relevant to the

 3 wires three-phase: values of the Wattmeter 1-2, values  4 wires three-phase: values of phase 1, phase 2 and

 ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.3.2).  SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

following phase. On the basis of the settings made as per paragraph

5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically:

of the wattmeter 2-3 phase 3

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed.

When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an

energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

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Symbol

Description

Pt, P1, P2, P3

Values of the total active power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

P12, P32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2)

Qt, Q1, Q2, Q3

Values of the total reactive power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Q12, Q32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VARmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2)

St, S1, S2, S3

Values of the total apparent power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

S12, S32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VAmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2)

Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3

Values of the total active energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3

Values of the total inductive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3

Values of the total capacitive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Est, Es1, Es2, Es3

Values of the total Apparent Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

6.4. POSITION "ENERGY"

This function permits to display the values of the phase and total active powers, the value of the phase and total capacitive and inductive reactive powers, the values of the power factors and phase and total cos. Furthermore, the instrument is able to measure directly (see 6.4.2) the values of the phase and total active energies and the values of the phase and total capacitive and inductive reactive energies.

6.4.1. Symbols

The position ENERGY has only one working mode:

 METER

This mode will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The symbols used are described below:

Tab. 4: Symbols used in the position ENERGY

The symbols "i" and "c" stand for reactive powers (Q) and energies (Er) inductive and capacitive respectively.

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6.4.2. "METER" mode

27.09.00 17:35:12

ENERGY

SINGLE PHASE

Ea1 = 0.000 kWh Erc1 = 0.000 kVARh Eri1 = 0.000 kVARh Es1 = 0.000 kVAh P1 = 36.38 kW Q1 = 6.375 kVAR S1 = 36.94 kVA Meas Time: 00:00:00

ENERGY

THREE PHASE

Eat = 0.000 kWh Erct = 0.000 kVARh Erit = 0.000 kVARh Est = 0.000 kVAh Pt = 36.38 kW Qt = 6.375 kVAR St = 36.94 kVA Meas Time: 00:00:00

ENERGY

THREE PHASE

Eat = 0.000 kWh Erct = 0.000 kVARh Erit = 0.000 kVARh Est = 0.000 kVAh Pt = 167.7 kW Qt = 30.47 kVAR St = 170.4 kVA Meas Time: 00:00:00

Meas Meas

ChgP

Meas

Example of screen in single-

phase mode

Example of screen in “3 wires”

three-phase mode

Example of screen in “4 wires”

three-phase mode

On rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the below screens according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2.

The symbols used are described in Tab. 4. For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled:

 F2: to start / stop immediately a direct energy measurement. The energy

 F1: (only for 4 wires measurement) to display the following screen. On the

Overall three-phase values, values of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3

 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see

 ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the

 MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see

 START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings

DMIIIS

counters will start increasing proportionally to the active power absorbed by the load.

The results obtained cannot be memorized. If the active power is negative the counters will not increase.

basis of the settings made as per paragraph 5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically:

paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording.

displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed.

When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an

energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement.

paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement.

(see chapter 7).

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CAUTION

For recordings ALWAYS use the external power supply even the instrument allows the operator to perform a recording using internal batteries.

7. STARTING A RECORDING

As you can read in the paragraph 5.3 a recording can be started manually or automatically. Therefore, after setting all the parameters and leaving the Menu, the instrument will start to record:

 MANUALLY: the recording will start when Instrument’s time reaches the

“00” seconds value after pressing START/STOP.

 AUTOMATICALLY: If the operator has pressed START/STOP the instrument will

remain in stand-by until the date and time previously set, then the recording will start. While if the operator doesn’t press START/STOP the recording will never start.

If you press Start a recording without the external power supply the instrument will display a warning message “No ext supply”. Press START key again to run the recording or press ESC to quit.

If during a recording the external power supply is de-energized, the instrument will continue the recording using the internal battery power until the batteries are exhausted

(the data stored until the definitive turning off won’t get lost). For this we recommend you

ALWAYS insert a new set of batteries before a long recording. The instrument uses sophisticated algorithms to prolong the battery life. Particularly:

 The instrument switches OFF the backlight Automatically after 5 seconds.  If the instrument is just displaying in real time (and the external power supply is not

connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument turns off automatically ("AUTOPOWER OFF" function).

 If the instrument is recording or is measuring energy (and the external power supply is

Before starting a recording the operator should first evaluate the state of the equipment, decide what to record and set the instrument accordingly.

In order to facilitate this task we have decided to supply the instrument pre-set with a general configuration, which should fit most cases.

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The chosen configuration is the following  ANALYZER CONFIG:

Frequency: 60Hz Full scale of the clamps: 1000A Transforming ratio of voltmetric transformers: 1 Type of electrical equipment: 4 wires Password: enabled

 RECORDER CONFIG:

Start: Manual (the recording is started 1 minute after pressing the START/STOP key) Stop: Manual Integration period: 15min Recording of harmonics: ON Recording of Sag and Surge: ON Voltage Reference for Sag and Surge detection: 230V Upper Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 6% Lower Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 10% Selected voltages: V1, V2, V3 Selected voltage harmonics: Thd, 01, 03, 05, 07 Selected currents: I1, I2, I3, IN Selected current harmonics: Thd, 01, 03, 05, 07 CO-GENERATION: OFF Powers, Pf and cos selected: Pt, P1, P2, P3 Qti, Q1i, Q2i, Q3i Qtc, Q1c, Q2c, Q3c St, S1, S2, S3 Pft, Pf1, Pf2, Pf3 dpft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Energies: Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Est, Es1, Es2, Es3

If the user changed the instrument’s settings can quickly resume the above configuration

using the RESET option (see paragraph 5.5). By pressing START/STOP the recording of the selected parameters is started according to

the settings made in the MENU (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). The rotary switch position doesn’t affect the recording setting.

As the default value of the integration periods is set at 15 minutes the instrument will store data in the temporary memory for 15 minutes. Afterwards the instrument will elaborate the results saved in the temporary memory and will save the first series of values in the definitive memory. Therefore, if an integration period of 15 minutes has been set, the recording will continue for about 15 minutes before producing a series of recorded values. If the recording is interrupted before the selected integration period has completely elapsed the data stored in the temporary memory will not be elaborated and the corresponding series of values won’t be transferred to the definitive memory.

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INFO REC n XX

START

09.18.01 11:35 INT PERIOD: 15min REC PERIODS:00004 REC TIME:139d.02h HARM REC: (ON) ANOM REC: (ON) N ANOMALIES: 00000

Recording

8. DURING A RECORDING

If during a recording the external power supply is de-energized, the instrument will continue the recording using the internal battery power until the batteries are exhausted (the data stored up to the point the instrument shuts down won’t get lost). For this we recommend you ALWAYS insert a new set of batteries before a long recording.

The instrument uses sophisticated algorithms to prolong the battery life. Particularly if the instrument is recording or is measuring energy (and the external power supply is not connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument starts a special procedure to save the batteries ("ECONOMY MODE"): the instrument keeps recording but the display is turned off.

During a recording the following are disabled:

 AUTOPOWER OFF function  ON/OFF key  HOLD key  SAVE key

Press the MENU key and the following screen will appear:

This page includes:

1. START Date and Time

2. Integration Period

3. Actual Number of Elapsed Integration Periods

4. Actual Recording Time

5. Status of Harmonic Flag

6. Status of Voltage Anomalies Flag

7. Number of Voltage anomalies occurred during the recording

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9. STOPPING A RECORDING OR AN ENERGY MEASUREMENT

The instrument uses a protective routine to avoid the risk of being disturbed or interrupted during a recording or an energy measurement. Once a recording or a direct energy measurement (see paragraph 6.4.2) has been started (with the option PASSWORD

enabled), after about 3 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation it won’t be

sufficient to press START/STOP (if a recording is running) or F2 (if an energy measuring is running) to stop the recording, it will be necessary to insert the password. In order to insert the password (which is not changeable), press the multifunction keys in the following sequence (within 10 seconds):

F1, F4, F3, F2 In order to enable/disable this option see paragraph 5.2. If a wrong password is inserted, the instrument will display an error message and will

repeat the request. If no key is pressed after about 10 seconds the instrument returns back to the original

screen.

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10. CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC

In order to connect the instrument to a PC you must connect the serial cable shipped with the instrument to the serial output.

NOTE: Any standard RS-232 cable will not work with the DM-IIIS.

The available transmission speeds are the following: 9600, 19200, 57600 (default value) The value of the transmission speed (Baud Rate) is displayed on the initial screen

(immediately after turning on the instrument) (see paragraph 2.3). The value of this parameter can be modified only with the management software.

For download instructions please refer to software help file. In order to transfer the memorized data from the instrument to the PC the following

procedure must be followed:

1. Switch ON the instrument and wait until the Initial screen disappears.

2. Connect the serial output of the instrument to the serial output of the PC through

the serial cable.

3. Install the software and start it – Close the introduction window.

4. Refer to software help file for further instructions.

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coil



WARNING

As the Coil Output connector can't be perfectly shielded it's recommended to outdistance it by any Potential source.

11. MEASURING PROCEDURES

11.1. HINTS FOR FLEXIBLE CLAMPS USE

All flexible clamps are based on Rogowski's coil principle:

which shows that the voltage output signal is proportional to the rate of change of current. In order to get current value, the voltage output signal is integrated electronically. Typically the voltage output signal is really low and this suggests using shielded cable for coil connection to instrument's inputs.

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CAUTION

The maximum voltage between L1 and COM inputs is 370V~ phase – earth. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual. Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.

CAUTION

If possible, before connecting the instrument to the electrical equipment to be tested take the power supply off the electrical equipment.

11.2. USING THE INSTRUMENT IN A SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM

Fig. 1: Instrument connection in a single-phase system

1. Check, and if needed modify, the basic settings of the instrument (see paragraphs 5.2

and 5.3). Particularly, the single-phase mode must be set.

2. Rotate the switch to the position corresponding to the type of analysis desired. In case

of doubts, select the position POWER (see paragraph 6.3).

3. Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires respecting the connections shown in the

picture.

4. If you want to measure current and power, connect the clamp meter to the phase

conductor respecting the specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in the picture. In case of doubt, select the position POWER and check if the active power P is positive. If it is negative, remove current transducer from the wire and reconnect it so the transducer label faces the opposite direction.

5. Apply voltage to the electrical equipment under test (if previously shut off for the

instrument connection).

6. The values of the available electrical parameters will be displayed on the display of the

instrument. For further details, see the paragraph relevant to the position of the switch.

7. You can press HOLD to interrupt the updating in real time of the displayed values.

8. If you want to record:

a) Check, and if needed modify, the values of the basic parameters (see paragraphs

5.2 and 5.3).

b) Check, and if needed modify, the recording parameters by pressing MENU (see the

paragraph corresponding to the position of the rotary switch selected).

c) To start the recording press START (see chapter 6).

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CAUTION

The maximum voltage between L1, L2, L3 & COM inputs is CAT III 635 V~ phase – phase 370 V~ phase to earth. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual. Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.

L2 L3 N

RED

BLACK

ELL

CAUTION

If possible, before connecting the instrument to the electrical equipment to be tested take the power supply off the electrical equipment.

11.3. USING THE INSTRUMENT IN A THREE PHASE 4 WIRE SYSTEM

Fig. 2: Instrument connection in a three-phase 4 wire system

1. Check, and if needed modify, the basic settings of the instrument (see paragraphs 5.2

and 5.3). Particularly, the 3PH4W mode must be set.

2. Rotate the switch to the position corresponding to the type of analysis desired. In case

of doubts, select the position POWER (see paragraph 6.3).

3. Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires following the connections shown in Fig. 2.

4. To measure current and power, connect the clamp meter to the phase conductor

following the specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in Fig. 2. In case of doubts select the position POWER and, connecting one clamp a time, check if: a) the phase sequence is correct (see paragraph 6.1.2). b) the active power P of each phase is positive. If it is negative, remove current

transducer from the wire and reconnect it so the transducer label faces the opposite direction.

c) the value of the Pf of each phase is not excessively low (typically it is not lower than

0.4). In case the Pf is lower than 0.4, check if the phase voltage is associated with the right clamp meter, (for example the voltage of phase 1 must be associated to the clamp meter no. 1).

5. Apply voltage to the electrical equipment under test (if previously shut off for the

instrument connection).

6. The values of the available electrical parameters will be displayed. For further details

see the paragraph relevant to the position of the switch.

7. You can press HOLD to interrupt the real time updating of the displayed values.

8. If you want to record:

a) Check and modify the values of the basic parameters (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). b) Check and, if needed, modify the recording parameters by pressing MENU (see the

paragraph corresponding to the position of the rotary switch selected).

c) To start the recording press START (see chapter 6).

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CAUTION

The maximum voltage between L1, L2, L3 and COM (L2) inputs is CATIII 635V~ phase-phase. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual. Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety.

L2 L3

CAUTION

 Please note that in this case the yellow cable (neutral) is connected with

the red cable on phase 2.

 If possible, before connecting the instrument to the electrical equipment

to be tested take the power supply off the electrical equipment.

11.4. USING THE INSTRUMENT IN A THREE PHASE 3 WIRE SYSTEM

Fig. 3: Instrument connection in a 3 wire / three-phase system

1. Check, and if needed modify, the basic settings of the instrument (see paragraphs 5.2

and 5.3). Particularly, the 3-wire mode must be set.

2. Rotate the switch to the position corresponding to the type of analysis desired. In case

of doubts, select the position POWER (see paragraph 6.3).

3. Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires following the connections shown in Fig. .

4. To measure current and power, connect the clamp to the phase conductor following the

specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in Fig. . In case of doubts set temporarily the 3PH3W mode, select the POWER position, connect the yellow wire of the instrument to earth and, connecting one clamp a time, check if: a) The phase sequence is correct (see paragraph 6.1.2). b) The active power P of each phase is positive. If negative, turn the clamp of the

phase in question.

c) The value of the Pf of each phase is excessively low (typically it is not lower than

0.4). If the Pf is lower than 0.4, check if the phase voltage is associated with the right clamp meter, (ex. the voltage of phase 1 must be associated to the clamp n.

1).

d) After checking, and if needed modifying, the connection of the instrument to the

equipment re-set the 3-wire mode and the connections shown in Fig. (yellow and red wires together).

5. Energize the electrical equipment under test.

6. The values of the available electrical parameters will be displayed of the instrument.

For further details see the paragraph relevant to the position of the switch.

7. You can press HOLD to interrupt the updating in real time of the displayed values.

8. If you want to record:

a) Check and modify the values of the basic parameters (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). b) Check and eventually modify the recording parameters by pressing MENU (see the

paragraph corresponding to the position of the rotary switch selected).

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c) To start the recording press START (see chapter 6).

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CAUTION

Only qualified technicians should operate the instrument. Before replacing the batteries disconnect the test leads from circuit under voltage in order to avoid electrical shocks.

12. MAINTENANCE

12.1. GENERAL

The DM-IIIS is a precision instrument. For its’ use and storage, follow the recommendations and instructions contained in this manual in order to avoid possible damages or dangers. Never use the instrument in environments with a high humidity or temperature. Do not expose the instrument to direct sunlight. Always turn off the instrument after use.

12.2. BATTERY REPLACEMENT

When the battery indicator on the display appears almost empty ( ) the batteries must be replaced.

1. Disconnect cables and clamps from the circuit under test.

2. Turn the instrument off by pressing ON/OFF.

3. Remove the cables from the input terminals.

4. Unscrew the screw of the battery cover and remove the cover.

5. Replace the batteries with 6 new 1.5 V - AA.

6. Reposition the cover and fasten it with the proper screw.

12.3. CLEANING

Use a soft dry cloth to clean the instrument. Do not use wet clothes, solvents, water and so on.

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Range

Accuracy

Resolution

Input impedance

15-370V

(0.5%+2digit)

0.2V

300k (phase-neutral)

600k (phase-phase)

310-635V

0.4V

Range

Accuracy

Resolution

Input impedance

15-370V

(0.5%+2digit)

0.2V

300k (phase-neutral)

600k (phase-phase)

30-635V

0.4V

Accuracy (ref. to 60Hz)

Resolution

8.33ms (½ period of fundamental)

8.33ms (½ period of fundamental)

Range

Accuracy

Resolution

Input impedance

Protection against

overloads

0.005-0.26V

(0.5%+2digit)

0.0001V

100k for STD or FlexEXT

8.3k for FlexINT (1000A)

9.4k for FlexINT (3000A)

0.26-1V

0.0004V

Value

Ranges

Accuracy

Resolution

Active power

0 – 999.9W

1KW – 999.9KW

1MW – 999.9MW

(1.0%+2digit)

0.1W

0.1KW

0.1MW

Reactive power

0 – 999.9VAR

1KVAR – 999.9KVAR

1MVAR – 999.9MVAR

0.1VAR

0.1KVAR

0.1MVAR

Apparent power

0 – 999.9VA

1KVA – 999.9KVA

1MVA – 999.9MVA

0.1VA

0.1KVA

0.1MVA

Active energy

0 – 999.9Wh

1KWh – 999.9KWh

1MWh – 999.9MWh

0.1Wh

0.1KWh

0.1MWh

Reactive energy

0 – 999.9VARh

1KVARh – 999.9KVARh

1MVARh – 999.9MVARh

0.1VARh

0.1KVARh

0.1MVARh

Cos

Resolution

Uncertainty (expressed in

degrees)

0.20

0.01

1.0

0.50

0.7

0.80

0.6

13. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

13.1. FEATURES

The accuracy is stated as [% of the reading  number of digits]. It refers to the following atmospheric conditions: temperature 73°F± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C) with relative humidity < 75%.

13.1.1. Voltage measurement (auto-ranging)

13.1.2. Voltage anomalies detection (manual selection of range)

Voltage

Time

13.1.3. Current measurement (using external transducer)

Minimal Current measurable is equal to 0.5% of Clamp Full Scale

13.1.4. Power measurement (cos: 0.5c – 0.5i)

13.1.5. Cos measurement

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Range

Accuracy

Resolution

DC – 25h 26h – 33h 34h – 49h

(5.0%+2digit) (10.0%+2digit) (15.0%+2digit)

0.1V

Range

Accuracy

Resolution

DC – 25h 26h – 33h 34h – 49h

(5.0%+2digit) (10.0%+2digit) (15.0%+2digit)

0.1A

Range

Resolution

Accuracy

47  53

0,1Hz

(1.0%+1digit)

Range

Resolution

Accuracy

57  63,6

0,1Hz

(1.0%+1digit)

13.1.6. Measurement of harmonics

Voltage

The voltage harmonics will be null under the following threshold:

- DC: if <1V or <2% of 1st harmonic

- 1st harmonic: if <2V

Current

- 2nd  49th: if <1V or <2% 1st harmonic

The current harmonics will be null under the following threshold:

- DC: if <2% of 1st harmonic or < 0,2% of clamp full scale

- 1st harmonic: if < 0,2% of clamp full scale

- 2nd  49th: if<2% 1st harmonic or < 0,2% of clamp full scale

Setting the FLEX option the DC component will be ignored.

13.1.7. Frequency measurement

Instrument set to 50Hz

Instrument set to 60Hz

13.1.8. Compliance

DM-IIIS complies with the standards prescribed for:

 class 2 EN61036 – static counters of active energy  class 3 IEC1268 – static counters of reactive energy

13.1.9. Temperature drift

Temperature drift: 0,1 x accuracy/K

13.1.10. Safety

The instrument complies to the standards: EN 61010-1 + A2(1996) Insulation: Class 2 Pollution: 2 Over-voltage category: CAT III 370V~ (Phase-Earth) CAT III 635V~ (Phase-Phase)

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Description

Model name

Instrument

DM-IIIS

Carrying case

HW1254A

External power supply 12VDC

DMT-EXTPS

3 Flexible clamp meters 1000A / 3000A

FLEX3

4 cables and alligators for voltage measurement

KITENERGY3

1 Software Toplink

TOPLINK

Serial Cable

C232NG1

13.1.11. General characteristics

Mechanical features Dimensions: 8.9”(L) x 6.5” (La) x 4.1”(H) 225(L) x 165(La) x 105(H) mm Weight: 3.3 Lb (1.5kg) Internal power supply 6 batteries 1.5V series AA LR6 Battery Life: 50 hours External power supply Use only Amprobe power supply Adapter code

DMT-EXTPS Display: dot matrix with backlight Resolution 128 x 128 dots (16384 dots) Dot size 0.5mm x 0.5mm Visible area 2.9” x 2.9” (73mm x 73mm) Sampling speed: 130.21usec a 60Hz. No. of samples per period 128

Clamp (FLEX3)

Maximum diameter of the cable: 5.9” (150 mm)

13.2. ENVIRONMENT

13.2.1. Operating conditions

Reference temperature: 73°F ± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C) Operating temperature: 32°F to 122°F (0°C to 50 °C) Relative humidity: <70% Storage temperature: 14°F to 140°F (-10°C to 60 °C) Storage humidity: <80%

13.2.2. EMC

This instrument has been designed in compliance with the EMS standards in force and its compatibility has been tested for EN61326-1 (1997) + A1 (1997).

This instrument complies with the prescriptions of the European directive on low voltage 73/23/CEE (LVD) and EMC directive 89/336/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC.

13.3. ACCESSORIES

13.3.1. Standard accessories

The package contains:

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Message

Description

Advices 

AUTONOM:

Available memory autonomy for the recording which is being effected

CLEAR ALL? (Enter)

The operator is trying to cancel all the recordings effected

Press ESC in order not to cancel the whole memory, press ENTER to confirm

CLEAR LAST? (Enter)

The operator is trying to cancel the last recording effected

Press ESC in order not to cancel the last recording, press ENTER to confirm

Data saved

The data have been saved

DATA SIZE:

Dimensions of the stored data

HOLD

By pressing the proper key, the HOLD function has been activated

Press HOLD again to disable this function

Password:

A recording has been started and at least 5 minutes have passed from the last activity of the instrument (see paragraph 7).

Insert the password:

F1, F4, F3, F2

Invalid date

The inserted date is not correct

Check the inserted date

Energy Measuring

The instrument is taking an energy measurement

Press F1 to stop it

Memory Full

The memory of the instrument is full

Cancel some recordings after transferring them to a PC

No ext supply!

A recording has been started without connecting the external power supply

Verify it you really want to start the recording without the external power supply. In that case, press START again.

No parameter sel

A recording has been started without selecting any value to be recorded

Press START/STOP and select at least a value entering the MENU

No Phase selected

Voltage and/or current harmonics have been selected and the corresponding flag has been enabled (HARMONICS ON) but no phase voltage or current has been selected

Select at least one phase voltage and/or current

PASSWORD ERROR

The inserted password is wrong (see paragraph 7)

Check the password

PASSWORD OK

The inserted password is correct

Please wait

The instrument is waiting for the recording to be started (see paragraph 6)

Recording

The instrument is recording (see paragraph 6)

Too many param

More than 63 parameters have been selected (harmonics included) or More than 38 parameters with CO-GENERATION Flag enabled

Deselect some values

Too many record

The quantity of recorded data + Smp exceeds the maximum allowed (35)

Cancel some recordings after transferring them to a PC

ERR: SEQ

The Phase Sequence is not correct.

Check the Phase Sequence connection.

ERR: P-

The active powers shown on the right side of the message are negative

If there isn’t a situation of cogeneration check if the clamps are properly connected

ERR: SEQ & P-

The active powers shown on the right side of the message are negative and the Phase Sequence is not correct.

If there is not a situation of cogeneration, check if the clamps are properly connected / check the Phase Sequence connection.

ERR: CONNECTION

The instrument has detected a wrong connection to Voltage inputs

Check the Voltage connections (see paragraph 11)

Error Vref

The user set a Voltage reference not compatible with voltage at instrument’s input.

Check Voltage Reference set in “CONFIG RECORDER”

Error1  Error 5

Error during Memory Reading

Contact Amprobe assistance

14. APPENDIX 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED

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Symbol

Description

V1, V2, V3

RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

V12, V23 V31

Value of phase to phase voltages

I1, I2, I3

RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

RMS value of the current of the neutral

Continuous component of voltage or current

h01  h49

Harmonic 01  Harmonic 49 of voltage or current

ThdV

Factor of total harmonic distortion of the voltage (see paragraph 16.2)

ThdI

Factor of total harmonic distortion of the current (see paragraph 16.2)

Pt, P1, P2, P3

Values of the total active power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

P12, P32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2).

Qt, Q1, Q2, Q3

Values of the total reactive power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Q12, Q32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VARmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2).

St, S1, S2, S3

Values of the total apparent power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

S12, S32

(only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VAmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2).

Pft, pf1, pf2, pf3

Value of the total power factors, power factors of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

dPft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3

Values of the total cos, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3

Values of the total active energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3

Values of the total inductive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3

Values of the total capacitive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

Est, Es1, Es2, Es3

Values of the total Apparent Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively

15. APPENDIX 2 – RECORDABLE PARAMETERS: SYMBOLS

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)tsin(VVv(t)











LEGEND:

1. Fundamental

2. Third Harmonic

3. Distorted Waveform

16. APPENDIX 3 – THEORETICAL OUTLINES

16.1. VOLTAGE ANOMALIES (VOLTAGE SAG AND SURGE)

The instrument records as voltage anomalies all those rms values, calculated every 10ms, beyond the percent thresholds of Voltage Reference (Vref) set during the programming from 1% to 30 % (with steps of 1%). The maximum upper limit percent is reduced as Vref approaches 600V. The Reference must be set to: Nominal Voltage Phase to Neutral: for Single Phase and 4 wires three phase system Nominal Voltage Phase to Phase: for 3 wires three phase system The Instrument will detect Voltage Anomalies if the RMS Voltage Values (calculated every 10ms) beyond the above calculated thresholds. These limits remain unchanged throughout the recording period. When a Voltage anomaly occurs the instrument records:

 The number corresponding to the phase where the anomaly occurred.  The “direction” of the anomaly: “UP” and “DN” identify respectively voltage drops (sag)

and peaks (Surge).

 The date and time of the beginning of the event in the form day, month, year, hour,

minutes, seconds, hundredths of second.

 The duration of the event, in seconds with a resolution of 10ms.  The minimum (or maximum) value of voltage during the event.

16.2. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS

16.2.1. Theory

Any periodical non-sine wave can be represented as a sum of sinusoidal waves having each a frequency that corresponds to an entire multiple of the fundamental, according to the relation:

where: V0 = Average value of v(t)

V1 = Amplitude of the fundamental of v(t) Vk = Amplitude of the kth harmonic of v(t)

(1)

Effect of the sum of 2 multiple frequencies.

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THDv





Odd harmonics

Even harmonics

Not multiple of 3

Multiple of 3

Order

Relative voltage %Max

Order h

Relative voltage %

Max

Order

Relative voltage % Max

5 6 3 5 2 2 7 5 9

1,5 4 1

3,5

0,5

6..24

0,5

13 3 21

0,5

17 2 19

1,5

In the mains voltage, the fundamental has a frequency of 60 Hz, the second harmonic has a frequency of 120 Hz, and the third harmonic has a frequency of 180 Hz and so on. Harmonic distortion is a constant problem and should not be confused with short events such as sags, surges or fluctuations. It can be noted that in (1) the index of the sigma is from 1 to the infinite. What happens in reality is that a signal does not have an unlimited number of harmonics: a number always exists after which the harmonics value is negligible. The EN 50160 standard recommends

to stop the index in the expression (1) in correspondence of the 40th harmonic. A fundamental element to detect the presence of harmonics is Thd defined as:

This index takes all the harmonics into account. The higher it is, the more distorted the waveform gets.

16.2.2. Limit values for harmonics

EN-50160 fixes the limits for the harmonic voltages, which can be introduced into the network by the power supplier. In normal conditions, during whatever period of a week, 95% if the RMS value of each harmonic voltage, mediated on 10 minutes, will have to be less than or equal to the values stated in the following table. The total harmonic distortion (Thd) of the supply voltage (including all the harmonics up to 40th order) must be less than or equal to 8%.

These limits, theoretically applicable only for the supplier of electric energy, provide however a series of reference values within which the harmonics introduced into the network by the users must be contained.

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16.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes

Any apparatus that alters the sine wave or uses only a part of such a wave causes distortions to the sine wave and therefore harmonics. All current signals are in some way distorted. The most common situation is the harmonic distortion caused by non-linear loads such as household appliances, personal computers or speed control units for motors. Harmonic distortion causes significant currents at frequencies that are odd multiples of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic currents affect considerably the neutral wire of electric installations. In most countries, the mains power is three-phase 50/60Hz with a delta primary and star secondary transformer. The secondary generally provides 230V AC from phase to neutral and 400V AC from phase to phase. Balancing the loads on each phase has always represented a headache for electric systems designers. Until some ten years ago, in a well-balanced system, the vectorial sum of the currents in the neutral was zero or quite low (given the difficulty of obtaining a perfect balance). The devices were incandescent lights, small motors and other devices that presented linear loads. The result was an essentially sinusoidal current in each phase and a low current on the neutral at a frequency of 50/60Hz. “Modern” devices such as TV sets, fluorescent lights, video machines and microwave ovens normally draw current for only a fraction of each cycle thus causing non-linear loads and subsequent non-linear currents. All this generates odd harmonics of the 50/60Hz line frequency. For this reason, the current in the transformers of the distribution boxes contains only a 50Hz (or 60Hz) component but also a 150Hz (or 180Hz) component, a 300Hz (or 360Hz) component and other significant components of harmonic up to 750Hz (or 900Hz) and higher. The vectorial sum of the currents in a well-balanced system that feeds non-linear loads may still be quite low. However, the sum does not eliminate all current harmonics. The odd

multiples of the third harmonic (called “TRIPLENS”) are added together in the neutral and

can cause overheating, even with balanced loads.

16.2.4. Presence of harmonics: consequences

In general, even harmonics, i.e. the 2nd, 4th etc., do not cause problems. Triple harmonics, odd multiples of three, are added on the neutral (instead of canceling each other) thus creating a condition of overheating of the wire which is extremely dangerous. Designers should take into consideration the three issues given below when designing a power distribution system that will contain harmonic current:

 The neutral wire must be of sufficient gauge.  The distribution transformer must have an additional cooling system to continue

operating at its rated capacity when not suited to the harmonics. This is necessary because the harmonic current in the neutral wire of the secondary circuit circulates in the delta-connected primary circuit. This circulating harmonic current heats up the transformer.

 Phase harmonic currents are reflected on the primary circuit and continue back to the

power source. This can cause distortion of the voltage wave, so that any power factor correction capacitors on the line can be easily overloaded.

The 5th and the 11th harmonics contrast the current flow through the motors making its’ operation harder and shortens their average life. In general, the higher the ordinal harmonic number, the smaller its energy is and therefore the impact it will have on the devices (except for transformers).

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Phase Active Power:

(n=1,2,3)

)cos(

nnnn

IVP





Phase Apparent Power:

(n=1,2,3)

nnn

IVS 

Phase Reactive Power:

(n=1,2,3)

nnn

PSQ 

Phase Power Factor:

(n=1,2,3)

P 

Total Active Power:

321

PPPP

TOT



Total Reactive Power:

321

QQQQ

TOT



Total Apparent Power:

TOTTOTTOT

QPS 

Total Power Factor:

TOT

P 

Phase Active Power:

(n=1,2,3)

)(IVP



cos







Phase Apparent Power:

(n=1,2,3)

nnNn

IVS 

Phase Reactive Power:

(n=1,2,3)

nnn

PSQ 

Phase Power Factor:

(n=1,2,3)

P 

Distorted Power Factor:

(n=1,2,3)

dPFn=cosf1n= phase displacement

between the fundamentals of voltage and current of n

phase

Total Active Power:

321

PPPP

TOT



Total Reactive Power:

321

QQQQ

TOT



Total Apparent Power:

TOTTOTTOT

QPS 

Total Power Factor:

TOT

P 

16.3. POWER AND POWER FACTOR: DEFINITIONS

In a standard electric installation powered by three sine voltages the following is defined:

where: Vn = RMS value of voltage between phase n and Neutral.

In = RMS value of n phase current. fn= Phase displacement angle between voltage and current of n phase.

In presence of distorted voltages and currents the previous relations vary as follows:

where: V

= RMS value of kth voltage harmonic between n phase and Neutral.

Ikn = RMS value of kth current harmonic of n phase. fkn= Phase displacement angle between kth voltage harmonic and kth current harmonic

of n phase.

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Equipment under test = Inductive Generator 

 Equipment under test = Capacitive Load

90°

180°

P+ = 0 Pfc+ = -1 Pfi+ = -1 Qc+ = 0 Qi+ = 0

P - = P

Pfc - = -1

Pfi - = Pf Qc- = 0

Qi - = Q

P+ = P Pfc+ = Pf Pfi+ = -1 Qc+ = Q Qi+ = 0

P - = 0 Pfc - = -1 Pfi - = -1 Qc- = 0 Qi - = 0

0°

P+ = 0 Pfc+ = -1 Pfi+ = -1 Qc+ = 0 Qi+ = 0

P - = P Pfc - = Pf

Pfi - = -1

Qc- = Q

Qi - = 0

P+ = P Pfc+ = -1 Pfi+ = Pf Qc+ = 0 Qi+ = Q

P - = 0 Pfc - = -1 Pfi - = -1 Qc- = 0 Qi - = 0

270°

Equipment under test = Capacitive Generator 

 Equipment under test = Inductive Load

Symbol

Significance

Remarks

P+

Value of the active power +

Positive parameter

(user)

Pfc+

Capacitive power factor +

Pfi+

Inductive power factor +

Qc+

Value of the capacitive reactive power +

Qi+

Value of the inductive reactive power +

P-

Value of the active power -

Negative parameter

(generator)

Pfc-

Capacitive power factor -

Pfi-

Inductive power factor -

Qc-

Value of the capacitive reactive power -

Qi-

Value of the inductive reactive power -

Note:

It is to be noted that the expression of the phase Reactive Power with non sine waveforms, would be wrong. To understand this, it may be useful to consider that both the presence of harmonics and the presence of reactive power produce, among other effects, an increase of line power losses due to the increased current RMS value. With the above given relation the increasing of power losses due to harmonics is added to that introduced by the presence of reactive power. In effect, even if the two phenomena together contribute to the increase of power losses in line, it is not true in general that these causes of the power losses are in phase between each other and therefore can be added one to the other mathematically. The above given relation is justified by the relative simplicity of calculation of the same and by the relative discrepancy between the value obtained using this relation and the true value.

It is to be noted moreover, how in case of an electric installation with harmonics, another parameter called distorted Power Factor (dPF) is defined. In practice, this parameter represents the theoretical limit value that can be reached for Power Factor if all the harmonics could be eliminated from the electric installation.

16.3.1. Conventions on powers and power factors

As for the recognition of the type of reactive power, of the type of power factor and of the direction of the active power, the below conventions must be applied. The stated angles are those of phase-displacement of the current compared to the voltage (for example, in the first panel the current is in advance from 0° to 90° compared to the voltage):

where:

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Value

Significance

The active power (positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the active power in that moment.

The reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the reactive power in that moment.

The power factor (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the power factor in that moment.

The active power (positive or negative) or the reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is NOT defined in the panel and therefore acquires a null value.

-1

The power factor (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is NOT defined in the panel.

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

W 1-2

VAR 1-2

W 3-2 VAR 3-2

Three-phase

equipment

   

2321









VARVARWWS

VARVARQ

WWP

TOT

and where:

16.3.2. 3 phase 3 wire system

In the electrical systems distributed without neutral, the phase voltages and the power factors and phase cos lose importance. Only the phase to phase voltages, the phase currents and the total powers remain defined.

In this case the potential of one of the three phases (for example, phase 2) is taken on as reference potential. The total values of the active, reactive and apparent power are expressed as sum of the indications of the couples of Wattmeters, VARmeters and VAmeters.

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16.4. MEASURING METHOD: OUTLINES

The instrument is able to measure: voltages, currents, active powers, inductive and capacitive reactive powers, apparent powers, inductive and capacitive power factors, analog or impulse parameters. All these parameters are analyzed in a digital way: for each phase (voltage and current), 6 x 128 samples are acquired on a module of 16 x 20ms, repeated for the three phases.

16.4.1. Integration periods

The storage of all the data would require a huge amount of memory. Therefore, we’ve tried to find out a storage method that compresses the information to be memorized, while still providing a significant amount of data.

The chosen method is that of integration. After a certain period called the “integration

period”, which can be set from 5 seconds to 60 minutes, the instrument extracts from the

sampled values the following:

 Minimum value of the parameter during the integration period (harmonics excluded)  Medium value of the parameter (intended as arithmetic average of all the values

registered during the integration period)

 Maximum value of the parameter during the integration period (harmonics excluded) Only this information (repeated for each parameter to be memorized) is saved in the

memory along with starting time and date of the integration period. Once these data are memorized, the instrument restarts to take measurements for a new period.

16.4.2. Power factor calculations

According to the standards in force, the medium power factor can’t be calculated as

average of the instantaneous power factors. It must be obtained from the medium values of active and reactive power. Each single medium power factor (of phase or total) is therefore calculated, at the end of each integration period, on the medium value of the corresponding powers independently on the fact that they must be registered or not. Besides, for a better analysis of the type of load present on the line and in order to have terms of comparison when studying the invoicing of the low cos, the values of inductive and capacitive cos are treated as independent parameters.

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17. AFTER-SALE SERVICE

17.1. WARRANTY

Congratulations! Your new instrument has been quality crafted according to quality standards and contains quality components and workmanship. It has been inspected for proper operation of all of its functions and tested by qualified factory technicians according to the long-established standards of our company.

Your instrument has a limited warranty against defective materials and/or workmanship for one year from the date of purchase provided that, in the opinion of the factory, the instrument has not been tampered with or taken apart.

Should your instrument fail due to defective materials, and/or workmanship during this one-year period, a no charge repair or replacement will be made to the original purchaser. Please have your dated bill of sale, which must identify the instrument model number and serial number and call the number listed below:

Repair Department ATP – Amprobe, TIF, Promax Miramar, FL Phone: 954-499-5400 800-327-5060 Fax: 954-499-5454 Website: www.amprobe.com

Please obtain an RMA number before returning product for repair.

Outside the U.S.A. the local representative will assist you. Above limited warranty covers repair and replacement of instrument only and no other obligation is stated or implied.

17.2. SERVICE

If the instrument fails to operate, check battery, test leads, etc and replace as necessary. If the instrument still malfunctions, please call the phone number listed above.