Revision J
May 2007
Copyright ♥ 1997-2014
By California
Instruments. All
rights reserved.
P/N 7003-973
CTSL
Compliance Test System
User Manual
TEL: +1 (858) 450-0085
FAX: +1 (858) 458-0267
Email:
sales.ppd@ametek.com
Web Site:
http://www.programablepower.com
User
Manual
MX-
CTSL
Compliance
Test System
California
Instruments
SAFETY SUMMARY
These power system components contain high voltage and current circuits that are potentially lethal. The
following safety guidelines must be followed when operating or servicing this equipment. These
guidelines are not a substitute for vigilance and common sense. California Instruments assumes no
liability for the customer's failure to comply with these requirements.
APPLYING POWER AND GROUNDING
Verify the correct voltage is applied to the equipment.
Verify that the input power cord to the PACS-X unit is plugged into a properly grounded utility outlet.
Verify that the input power line to the AC power source used is connected to a properly grounded utility
outlet.
FUSES
Use only fuses of the specified current, voltage, and protection speed.
Do not short out the fuse holder or use a repaired fuse.
The PACS-3-75 unit uses a North-American ferrule type input fuse rated at 0.5A and 250Volts. (Fast Acting)
DO NOT OPERATE IN A VOLATILE ATMOSPHERE
Do not operate the system in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.
DO NOT TOUCH ENERGIZED CIRCUITS
Disconnect power cables before servicing this equipment. Even with the power cable disconnected, high voltage
can still exist on some circuits. Discharge these voltages before servicing. Only qualified service personnel may
remove covers, replace components or make adjustments.
DO NOT SERVICE ALONE
Do not remove covers, replace components, or make adjustments unless another person, who can administer first
aid, is present.
DO NOT EXCEED INPUT RATINGS
Do not exceed the rated input voltage or frequency. Additional hazards may be introduced because of component
failure or improper operation.
DO NOT MODIFY INSTRUMENT OR SUBSTITUTE PARTS
Do not modify these instruments or substitute parts. Additional hazards may be introduced because of component
failure or improper operation.
MOVING THE POWER SOURCE
When moving the power source, observe the following:
1. Remove all AC power to system components.
2. Use two people to prevent injury.
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CTSMXL Software License
Your MX Series CTSL Test System was shipped with one copy of the CTSMXL Software. This software model number CIC 652 - is owned by California Instruments and is protected by United States copyright
laws and international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat the software like any other copyrighted
material.
Software Revisions
Revision codes in the Help About screen of the CTSMXL Software indicate the current revision. Minor
changes to the software such as bug fixes usually do not require a change to the manual. Therefore, the
revision number of the software you received with the CTS system may be higher than the software
revision number shown below. In this case, the information in the manual still applies.
Software changes that require a manual change will be accompanied either by a new edition of the manual
or an errata sheet documenting the changes.
This manual applies to software revision 1.3.0.0 (revision 1.3.0.0 includes the higher speed A/D card from
Exacq Technologies). If you are using a software revision less than 1.3.0.0, contact ci.ppd@ametek.com
for upgrade information. The CTS software revisions can be shown by selecting the Help, About screen.
CTSMXL software revision 1.4.0.2 higher supports the new National Instruments M Series cards (PCI6220, PCI-6250).
Printing History
The manual printing date indicates the current edition. The printing date changes with each new edition or
update. Update packets or change sheets may be issued between editions to correct or add information.
Minor corrections incorporated at reprint do not cause a new edition.
December 2014 Revision I
Trademarks
Windows 7™, Windows Vista™, Windows 2000™, Windows XP™ and MS Excel™ are registered
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Contacting California Instruments
To contact California Instruments, use any of the communication channels listed here:
Mail:
Ametek PPD 9250
Brown Deer Road
San Diego, CA 92121
USA
Phone: 858 450 0085 7:00 AM - 4:00 PM Pacific Standard Time
Voice Mail 24 hours
Fax: 858 458-0267
Email:
Web site: www.calinst.com
ci.ppd@ametek.com
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WARRANTY INFORMATION
CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION warrants each instrument manufactured by them to be free
from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the original
purchaser. Excepted from this warranty are fuses and batteries that carry the warranty of their original
manufacturer where applicable. CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS will service, replace, or adjust any defective
part or parts, free of charge, when the instrument is returned freight prepaid, and when examination reveals
that the fault has not occurred because of misuse, abnormal conditions of operation, user modification, or
attempted user repair. Equipment repaired beyond the effective date of warranty or when abnormal usage
has occurred will be charged at applicable rates. CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS will submit an estimate for
such charges before commencing repair, if so requested.
SERVICE PROCEDURE
If a fault develops, notify CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS at repair.ppd@ametek.com or its local
representative, giving full details of the difficulty, including the model number and serial number. On receipt
of this information, service information or a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number will be given. Add
the RMA number furnished to the shipping label. Pack the instrument carefully to prevent transportation
damage, affix label to shipping container, and ship freight prepaid to the factory. CALIFORNIA
INSTRUMENTS shall not be responsible for repair of damage due to improper handling or packing.
Instruments returned without RMA No. or freight collect may be refused at California Instruments discretion.
Instruments repaired under Warranty will be returned either via prepaid surface freight or low cost airfreight
at California Instruments discretion. Instruments repaired outside the Warranty period will be returned
freight collect,
Ex Works CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS
San Diego, CA 92121
repairs not covered by the Warranty.
. If requested, an estimate of repair charges will be made before work begins on
9250 Brown Deer Road
DAMAGE IN TRANSIT
The instrument should be tested when it is received. If it fails to operate properly, or is damaged in any
way, a claim should be filed immediately with the carrier. The claim agent should obtain a full report of the
damage, and a copy of this report should be forwarded to us by fax or email (Fax: 858 677 0940, Email:
repair.ppd@ametek.com). CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS will prepare an estimate of repair cost and repair
the instrument when authorized by the claim agent. Please include model number and serial number when
referring to the instrument.
SPARE PARTS
To order spare parts, user manuals, or determine the correct replacement part for your California
Instruments products, please contact the Customer Service department by phone at + 1 858 450 0085,
press 2 or by email repair.ppd@ametek.com.
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LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
California Instruments believes the information contained in this manual is accurate. This document has been
carefully reviewed for technical accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors exist, California
Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to
holders of this edition. The reader should consult California Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event shall
California Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information
contained in it.
CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS PROVIDES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THIS
SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION. CALIFORNIA INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA, PROFITS, USE OF PRODUCTS, OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
This limitation of liability of California Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action, whether in contract or
tort, including negligence. The warranty provided herein does not cover damages, defects, malfunctions, or service
failures caused by owner’s failure to follow California Instruments’ installation, operation, or maintenance
instructions; owner’s modification of the product; owner’s abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failures,
surges, fire, flood, accident, actions of third parties, or other events outside reasonable control.
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON THE LENGTH OF AN IMPLIED WARRANTY OR THE
EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION
OR EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND
YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
If any part of this Agreement shall be determined by a court to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the remaining
provisions shall in no way be affected or impaired thereby.
GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement and Limited Warranty are governed by the laws of the state of California
without regard to conflict of law provisions.
INSTALLATION AND / OR USE OF THIS PROGRAM CONSTITUTES ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND
RESTRICTIONS BY THE USER.
© 1997 - 2014 COPYRIGHT
Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storing in an information retrieval system, or translating, in whole or
in part, without the prior written consent of California Instruments Corporation.
California Instruments Corporation, © 1997 - 2014
Warning regarding Medical and Clinical use of California
Instruments products.
California Instruments products are not designed with components and testing intended to ensure a level of
reliability suitable for use in the treatment and diagnosis of human beings. California Instruments products are NOT
intended to be used to monitor or safeguard human health and safety in medical or clinical treatment and California
Instruments assumes no responsibility for this type of use of its products or software.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11
1.1 Manual Organization ................................................................................................................................ 11
1.2 Compliance Test System Description ....................................................................................................... 12
2. IEC Testing .................................................................................................................................. 15
2.1 About This Chapter .................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2 The EMC Directive ................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 The EN 61000-3-2:2000 Standard ........................................................................................................... 16
2.4 The EN 61000-3-2:1998 Standard ........................................................................................................... 19
2.5 EN 61000-3-3 Flicker ............................................................................................................................... 21
2.6 EN 61000-4-11p Voltage Dips and Variations .......................................................................................... 22
2.7 EN 61000-4-13 Interharmonics and Harmonics Immunity Test ................................................................ 23
2.8 EN 61000-4-14 Voltage Fluctuations ........................................................................................................ 24
2.9 EN 61000-4-17 DC Ripple ........................................................................................................................ 24
2.10 EN 61000-4-27p Three Phase Voltage Unbalance ................................................................................... 25
2.11 EN 61000-4-28 Voltage Frequency Variations ......................................................................................... 25
2.12 EN 61000-4-29p DC Voltage Dips, Interruptions and Variations............................................................... 25
2.13 References ............................................................................................................................................... 26
3. System Installation ....................................................................................................................... 27
3.1 About This Chapter .................................................................................................................................. 27
3.2 Hardware Installation ................................................................................................................................ 27
3.3 PC Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 28
3.4 OMNI-3-37MX Unit ................................................................................................................................... 29
3.5 OMNI-3-37MX Unit ................................................................................................................................... 32
3.6 PACS-3-75 Unit ........................................................................................................................................ 41
3.7 Functional Test ........................................................................................................................................ 46
3.8 Data Acquisition Card Installation - PCI Card Version .............................................................................. 47
3.9 CTSMXL Software Installation .................................................................................................................. 56
3.10 AC Source Control Software Installation ................................................................................................... 58
4. Program Menus ........................................................................................................................... 59
4.1 About this Chapter ................................................................................................................................... 59
4.2 Main Menus ............................................................................................................................................. 59
4.3 File Menu ................................................................................................................................................. 59
4.4 Edit Menu ................................................................................................................................................. 60
4.5 View Menu ............................................................................................................................................... 61
4.6 Options Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 61
4.7 Test Menu ................................................................................................................................................ 62
5. Harmonics Testing ....................................................................................................................... 63
5.1 About This Chapter .................................................................................................................................. 63
5.2 Test Standard Selection ........................................................................................................................... 63
5.3 Device Classes ........................................................................................................................................ 63
5.4 Stationary or Transitory Harmonics Test .................................................................................................. 66
5.5 Running a Harmonics Test ....................................................................................................................... 67
5.6 Additional Setup Parameters for Harmonics ............................................................................................. 69
5.7 Main Harmonics Test Window Operation ................................................................................................. 71
5.8 Running the Harmonics Test .................................................................................................................... 74
5.9 Printing Results ........................................................................................................................................ 76
5.10 Harmonics Test Data Files ....................................................................................................................... 77
5.11 Three Phase Testing. ............................................................................................................................... 77
5.12 Replay Mode ............................................................................................................................................ 77
6. Flicker Testing ............................................................................................................................. 80
6.1 About This Chapter .................................................................................................................................. 80
6.2 Principle of Operation ............................................................................................................................... 80
6.3 Running a Flicker Test ............................................................................................................................. 80
6.4 Printing Test Reports................................................................................................................................ 84
6.5 Flicker Replay Mode................................................................................................................................. 85
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7. EN 61000-4-11p Voltage Dips and Variations (Pre-compliance) ................................................... 88
7.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................... 88
7.2 Standard Revisions and EUT Classes ...................................................................................................... 88
7.3 Compliance Statement ............................................................................................................................. 89
7.4 Specifying test sequences for Dips and Variations .................................................................................... 90
7.5 Test Setup ................................................................................................................................................ 91
7.6 Test Options ............................................................................................................................................. 92
7.7 Test Results ............................................................................................................................................. 92
7.8 Report Format- 411 Test Files .................................................................................................................. 92
8. EN 61000-4-13 Harmonics and Inter harmonics Immunity Test .................................................... 93
8.1 About this Chapter. ................................................................................................................................... 93
8.2 Tab Controls ............................................................................................................................................. 94
8.3 Test Setup ................................................................................................................................................ 95
8.4 Test Sequence ......................................................................................................................................... 95
8.5 Test Results ............................................................................................................................................. 99
8.6 Measurements ........................................................................................................................................ 100
8.7 EN 61000-4-13 Test Reports .................................................................................................................. 100
9. EN 61000-4-14 Voltage Fluctuations Immunity Testing .............................................................. 101
9.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................. 101
9.2 Test Setup .............................................................................................................................................. 102
9.3 Test Sequence ....................................................................................................................................... 103
9.4 Test Levels ............................................................................................................................................. 104
9.5 Voltage Fluctuation. ................................................................................................................................ 105
9.6 Test Execution ........................................................................................................................................ 106
9.7 Test Parameter File Creation and Limits ................................................................................................. 106
9.8 Test Results ........................................................................................................................................... 106
9.9 Report Format- 414 Test Files ................................................................................................................ 106
10. EN 61000-4-17 DC Ripple Immunity Testing .............................................................................. 108
10.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................. 108
10.2 Test Setup .............................................................................................................................................. 109
10.3 Test Sequence ....................................................................................................................................... 109
10.4 Waveform Display .................................................................................................................................. 110
10.5 Test Results ........................................................................................................................................... 110
10.6 User Observations. ................................................................................................................................. 111
10.7 Report Format- 417 Test Files ................................................................................................................ 111
10.8 Saving and Loading Test Setups. ........................................................................................................... 111
11. EN 61000-4-27p Voltage Unbalance Immunity Testing .............................................................. 112
11.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................. 112
11.2 Test Setup .............................................................................................................................................. 113
11.3 Equipment Classifications ....................................................................................................................... 114
11.4 Test Levels ............................................................................................................................................. 114
11.5 Waveform Display Tab ........................................................................................................................... 115
11.6 Operator Observations Tab .................................................................................................................... 115
11.7 Source Regulation .................................................................................................................................. 115
11.8 Test execution ........................................................................................................................................ 115
11.9 Test Implementation and Test Sequence ............................................................................................... 116
11.10 Test Reports ........................................................................................................................................... 116
12. EN 61000-4-28 Frequency Variations Immunity Testing............................................................. 117
12.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................. 117
12.2 Test Setup .............................................................................................................................................. 118
12.3 Test Sequence ....................................................................................................................................... 119
12.4 Test Levels ............................................................................................................................................. 120
12.5 Test Options ........................................................................................................................................... 120
12.6 Test Results ........................................................................................................................................... 121
12.7 Test Reports ........................................................................................................................................... 121
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13. EN 61000-4-29p DC Dips and Interruptions Immunity Test (Pre-compliance) .............................. 122
13.1 Test Setup ............................................................................................................................................. 123
13.2 Setting nominal values ........................................................................................................................... 124
13.3 Test sequence ....................................................................................................................................... 124
13.4 Test Options ........................................................................................................................................... 125
13.5 Test Execution ....................................................................................................................................... 125
13.6 Test Results ........................................................................................................................................... 125
13.7 EN 61000-4-29 Test Reports ................................................................................................................. 126
13.8 Source Requirements............................................................................................................................. 127
14. Customizing EN 61000-4-13 Test Parameters ........................................................................... 128
14.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................ 128
14.2 Sample File IEC413.413 ........................................................................................................................ 129
15. Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 131
15.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................ 131
15.2 PACS-3-75 Measurement Specifications ............................................................................................... 131
15.3 PACS-3-75 General Specifications......................................................................................................... 133
15.4 PACS-3-75 Environmental ..................................................................................................................... 134
15.5 PACS-3-75 Regulatory ........................................................................................................................... 134
15.6 Flicker Reference Impedances ............................................................................................................... 135
15.7 OMNI-3-37MX Specifications ................................................................................................................. 135
15.8 OMNI-3-37MX Environmental ................................................................................................................ 136
15.9 OMNI-3-37MX Regulatory ...................................................................................................................... 136
16. Configuration Options ................................................................................................................ 137
16.1 About this Chapter ................................................................................................................................. 137
16.2 Accessing the Calibration and Configuration Database .......................................................................... 137
17. Calibration ................................................................................................................................. 140
17.1 About This Chapter ................................................................................................................................ 140
17.2 Calibration .............................................................................................................................................. 140
17.3 Install A/D Card in PC ............................................................................................................................ 141
17.4 PACS-3-75 Calibration Setup ................................................................................................................. 141
17.5 Configuration Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 141
17.6 Installing New CTSMXL Calibration Data ............................................................................................... 144
18. Principle Of Operation ................................................................................................................ 145
18.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 145
18.2 AC Power ............................................................................................................................................... 145
18.3 PACS-3-75 Measurement Unit ............................................................................................................... 145
18.4 OMNI-3-37MX Impedance ..................................................................................................................... 145
18.5 CTSMXL Software ................................................................................................................................. 145
19. Service ...................................................................................................................................... 147
19.1 Cleaning ................................................................................................................................................. 147
19.2 General .................................................................................................................................................. 147
19.3 Basic Operation ...................................................................................................................................... 147
19.4 Advanced Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 150
Index .................................................................................................................................................... 152
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List of Figures
Figure 3-1: MX30-3Pi-CTSH and MX45-3Pi-CTSH with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram – Version 2 ................... 33
Figure 3-2: MX60-3Pi-CTSH and MX90-3Pi-CTSH with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram – Version 2 ................... 34
Figure 3-3: MX30-3Pi-CTSL and MX45-3Pi-CTSL with OMNI-3-37MX Wiring Diagram. ................................. 35
Figure 3-4: MX60-3Pi-CTSL and MX90-3Pi-CTSL with OMNI-3-37MX Wiring Diagram. ................................. 36
Figure 3-5: MX30-3Pi-CTSHL and MX45-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring Diagram – Version 2. ............ 37
Figure 3-6: MX60-3Pi-CTSHL and MX90-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring Diagram. ............................... 38
Figure 3-7: MX30-3Pi-CTSH and MX45-3Pi-CTSH with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram - version 1 .................... 39
Figure 3-8: MX30-3Pi-CTSHL and MX45-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring diagram – version 1 .............. 40
Figure 3-9: EUT Connection distance and wire gauge .................................................................................... 42
Figure 3-10: Power Connections for PACS-3-75 ............................................................................................. 44
Figure 3-11: Front and Rear Panel Views of the PACS-3-75 Module. ............................................................. 45
Figure 3-12: Exacq Control Center Screen. .................................................................................................... 51
Figure 3-13: Exacq Card Device Number ........................................................................................................ 52
Figure 3-14: Exacq Test Panel ........................................................................................................................ 53
Figure 3-15: Exacq DMM Screen. ................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 3-16: Exacq Scope Test Panel ............................................................................................................. 55
Figure 5-1: Class D Current Wave Shape Template ....................................................................................... 64
Figure 5-2: EUT Class Determination Flowchart .................................................................................................. 65
Figure 5-3: Typical Class A test setup ............................................................................................................. 67
Figure 5-4: Additonal Settings for Harmonics Test .......................................................................................... 69
Figure 5-5: Harmonics Test Window. .............................................................................................................. 71
Figure 6-1: Flicker Test Window ..................................................................................................................... 81
Figure 7-1: EN 61000-4-11 Test Window ........................................................................................................ 88
Figure 7-2: EN 61000-4-11 Voltage Variation specification ............................................................................. 90
Figure 7-3: EN 61000-4-11 Voltage Variation specification – Edition 2.0. ....................................................... 90
Figure 8-1: EN 61000-4-13 Test Window ........................................................................................................ 93
Figure 8-2: EN 61000-4-13 Flow Chart, Class 1 and 2 EUT’s. ........................................................................ 96
Figure 8-3: EN 61000-4-13 Flow Chart, Class 3 EUT ...................................................................................... 97
Figure 9-1: EN 61000-4-14 Test Window ...................................................................................................... 101
Figure 9-2: EN 61000-4-14 Test Sequence ................................................................................................... 103
Figure 10-1: EN 61000-4-17 Test Window .................................................................................................... 108
Figure 10-2: EN 61000-4-17 Waveform Acquisition Window ......................................................................... 110
Figure 10-3: EN 61000-4-17 User Observation Data Entry Window .............................................................. 111
Figure 11-1: EN 61000-4-27 Test Window .................................................................................................... 112
Figure 12-1: EN 61000-4-28 Test Window .................................................................................................... 117
Figure 12-2: EN 61000-4-28 Test Sequence ................................................................................................. 119
Figure 13-1: EN 61000-4-29 Test Window .................................................................................................... 122
Figure 17-1 : CTSMXL Calibration Program Main Screen ............................................................................. 141
Figure 17-2: Three Phase Calibration Setup ................................................................................................. 143
Figure 19-1: Location of AC Sensor Assy. 5004-700 in PACS-3-75 .............................................................. 149
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List of Tables
Table 2-1: EN 61000-3-2 Class Limits ............................................................................................................ 17
Table 2-2: Harmonics Amendment 14 Test Times .......................................................................................... 18
Table 2-3: EN 61000-3-2 Class Descriptions .................................................................................................. 20
Table 2-4: Average public utility disturbances per annum in Europe ............................................................... 23
Table 3-1: PC Pentium/Athlon Processor Clock Speed Requirement ............................................................. 28
Table 5-1: IEC Harmonics Setup Parameters ................................................................................................. 68
Table 5-2: IEC Harmonics Advanced Setup Parameters ................................................................................ 70
Table 5-3: IEC Harmonics Replay Settings ..................................................................................................... 79
Table 6-1: IEC Flicker Replay Settings ........................................................................................................... 87
Table 17-1: Required Calibration Equipment ................................................................................................ 140
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1. Introduction
1.1
Manual Organization
This manual describes the operation of the California Instruments Compliance Test System Software when
used in conjunction with the CTS hardware. Its primary function is as a reference manual. If you have a
question about a specific screen or how to perform a certain task, turn to the appropriate section of the
manual. The manual is organized in accordance with the normal test procedure you would follow when
testing for IEC compliance.
Some assumptions were made when producing this documentation. Specifically, it is assumed that you are
familiar with the EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 standards and their requirements. Some background
information on the IEC standards covered by the CTS system is included in chapter 2. This information is
subject to change however as standards do change. We recommend you stay current with evolving test
standards and regulations. Furthermore, it is also assumed that you are familiar with operating a personal
computer under the Microsoft Windows™ environment.
The manual is organized as follows:
Chapter 1 describes the organization of the user manual and provides a brief overview of the
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the relevant IEC regulations and how compliance testing to
Chapter 3 covers installation of the hardware and software components required to operate the
Chapter 4 Overview of the program's menu structure
CTS system components.
these regulations is implemented in the CTSMXL Software.
CTS system. Proper installation of both hardware and software is essential. This
chapter walks the user through the hardware setup and the software installation,
process one step at a time.
Chapter 5 covers EN 61000-3-2 harmonics testing. This chapter provides step by step
instructions on how to set up the correct test mode and perform the necessary steps
to perform a quasi-stationary or transitory Harmonics test on the EUT.
Chapter 6 covers EN 61000-3-3 Voltage fluctuations testing. This chapter provides step by step
instructions on running a voltage fluctuation or flicker test.
Chapter 7 covers EN 61000-4-11p Voltage Dips and Variations immunity testing.
Chapter 8 covers EN 61000-4-13 standard Voltage Fluctuations immunity testing. [Draft version]
Chapter 9 covers EN 61000-4-14 standard Voltage Fluctuations immunity testing.
Chapter 10 covers EN 61000-4-17 standard DC Ripple immunity testing.
Chapter 11 covers EN 61000-4-27p standard Voltage Unbalance immunity testing.
Chapter 12 covers EN 61000-4-28 standard Frequency Variations immunity testing.
Chapter 13 covers EN 61000-4-29p DC Voltage dips and Variations immunity testing.
Chapter 14 covers EN 61000-4 customization to allow for future revisions of these standards and
to accommodate different product categories.
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1.2
Chapter 15 provides the technical specifications for the Power Analysis and Conditioning System
(PACS) unit, which is a key component of the CTS system. For technical
specifications on the AC source supplied with the CTS system, refer to the AC source
manual provided.
Chapter 16 overview of available configuration options.
Chapter 17 overview of calibration procedures
Chapter 18 provides theory of operation information.
Chapter 19 provides service and troubleshooting procedures.
Compliance Test System Description
The California Instruments Compliance Test System is a complete IEC AC power test system that covers
many of the IEC regulatory test standards involving AC and/or DC powered equipment.
To ensure maximum flexibility of both the hardware and the software required to create a turn-key system,
the CTS system uses a modular structure consisting of the following components:
• Programmable MX Series AC power source. The AC source provides AC power at the user specified
frequency and voltage. The MX Series AC source also offers over current protection to avoid damaging
a load that exhibits a failure. The MX power source is a three-phase unit.
The following power source configurations are currently supported on MX-CTSH systems:
• MX30-3Pi-CTSL
• MX45-3Pi-CTSL
• MX60-3Pi/2-CTSL Two cabinet MX master/auxiliary power source.
• MX90-3Pi/2-CTSL Two cabinet MX master/auxiliary power source.
• RS90-3Pi-CTSL
This user manual generally refers to the power source as a MX45-3Pi model as it is most common.
Where relevant, the other power source system configurations will be covered specifically. In general,
operation of the MXCTSL system is the same for any of these four configurations.
• Power Analysis and Conditioning System unit. The PACS-3-75 unit creates the electrical and
mechanical interface between the AC source, the Equipment Under Test (EUT) and the PC based data
acquisition system. It provides the necessary signal conditioning and isolation for the acquisition
system.
• PC Based data acquisition system. The data acquisition system uses a fast Analog to Digital
conversion card that plugs into an available card slot in the user’s PC. The CTSMXL Software controls
all aspects of the A/D card and processes the data for IEC test purposes.
• CTSMXL Software. The CTSMXL Software implements the harmonics and flicker IEC tests. In addition
to the CTSMXL Software, the California Instruments MXGUI program is used to control the AC and DC
source used and to implement those IEC tests that run on the AC source, specifically the EN 61000-4
immunity tests.
The AC source output is connected to AC input terminal at the rear of the PACS-3-75 unit. The PACS-3-75
AC output rear terminals are used to connect the EUT. All user interactions with the CTS system are
accomplished through the CTSMXL and MXGUI software. There are virtually no front panel controls
required to operate the CTS system.
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1.2.1 AC Source Models
The MXCTS system is supplied with one the following MX Series programmable AC power sources:
• MX30-3Pi-CTSL
• MX45-3Pi-CTSL
• MX60-3Pi/2-CTSL Two cabinet MX master/auxiliary power source.
• MX90-3Pi/2-CTSL Two cabinet MX master/auxiliary power source.
• RS90-3Pi- CTSL
No other MX Series power source models are supported by the CTSMXL Software. This user manual
generally refers to the power source as a MX45-3Pi model as it is most common. Where relevant, the
other power source system configurations will be covered specifically. In general, operation of the
MXCTSH system is the same for any of these four configurations.
Note: The MXCTS systems are rated for a maximum current of 75 amps rms per phase. Damage to the
standard PACS-3-75 units can occur if higher currents are present. Care must be taken to not
exceed this rating when using the system directly with the utility line or with the higher power
sources.
1.2.2 PACS-3-75 Unit
The Power Analysis and Conditioning System provides the required electrical and mechanical interface
between the AC source, the user’s equipment under test and the data acquisition PC system. This allows
all signal connections to be made easily and conveniently.
The PACS-3-75 unit has several AC power input and output connections as well as an interface connector
to the PC based data acquisition system.
1.2.3 PC Based Data Acquisition System (updated for new PCI data acquisition)
All measurements required for IEC testing are performed by the data acquisition system that resides on the
user’s PC. The measurement card needs to be installed in an available slot and the software needs to be
installed. All signal connections between the PC and the PACS-3-75 unit are made with a single 37 pin to
68 pin cable supplied with the system.
The following data acquisition cards are supported by the CTSMXL software:
CI400PCI PCI card NI 6032/4E. No longer provided on new system shipments but still
supported by CTS30 software revision 1.3.X
CI401PCI PCI card Exacq Technologies CM2110 PCI A/D card, 250 Ks/sec for single phase
systems (P/N 250803)
CI403PCI PCI card Exacq Technologies CM2210 PCI A/D card, 1 Ms/sec for three phase
systems (P/N 250797)
CI401PCI PCI card National Instruments M Series PCI-6220 A/D card, 250 Ks/sec for single
phase systems (P/N 250821) for software version 2.0.x or later
CI403PCI PCI card National Instruments M Series PCI-6250 A/D card, 1 Ms/sec for three
phase systems (P/N 250822) for software version 2.0.x or later
The data acquisition system samples all voltage and current channels at a high sampling rate and provides
the data to the CTSMXL Software for further processing. The PACS-3-75 provides a single voltage input
channel and three current input channels for each phase, to the PC. This allows for current range changing
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on the fly. There is no need for the user to select a current range as the software automatically uses the
most suitable range available for the current signal.
1.2.4 CTSMXL Software Functions
The CTSMXL software application supports EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 compliance testing
requirements using an intuitive graphical user-interface from which you can:
• Set up and run compliance-level tests. The setting up of many IEC details is facilitated through the use
of embedded standards expertise.
• Collect real-time test data from the MX-CTSL System.
• Display and monitor real-time test results.
• Save test results to disk for analysis using other programs.
• Replay previously recorded test data and single step through the data frame by frame.
• Print reports and graphs in MS Word™ formats.
1.2.5 MXGUI Source GUI Functions
The CTS system also includes an AC source control software package. This Graphical User Interface
program can be used to control the AC source from the same PC using either the RS232C or IEEE-488
interface. An IEEE-488 interface is not included with the CTS system. The PC must have an available
RS232C port to use the RS232C control interface to the source.
In the absence of a suitable interface, the user can operate the AC source from the front panel. This does
not affect the ability to run harmonics and flicker tests. It does however preclude the use of the EN 61000-4
immunity tests, which are only available through the MXGUI1 AC source control program.
Note on Interface conflicts:
If the MXGUI program is set up to use the same serial or IEEE-488 port (any address) to communicate with
the AC source as the CTSMXL Software, it is not possible to have both the CTSMXL Software and the
MXGUI software running at the same time. This is due to the fact that both programs would attempt to use
the same interface to control the AC source. If this is the case, close one program before opening the
other.
If IEEE-488 is used to control the AC source with the MXGUI and RS232C is selected on the MXCTSL or
vice versa, both programs can be open at the same time but care should be taken not to control the source
from both programs at the same time. This setup is not recommended however.
Use either program in turn depending on the task at hand (MXCTSL for EN 61000-3 and MXGUI for EN
61000-4)
1
Some EN 61000-4 tests are pre-compliance only
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2. IEC Testing
2.1
About This Chapter
This chapter provides some background information on the various IEC test standards that apply to AC
powered products. It also reviews some of the test equipment requirements that are important when testing
for IEC compliance. Note that this information is subject to change as IEC standards change over time.
This overview is by no means comprehensive and is only provided for reference. If the reader is not familiar
with IEC test requirements for AC powered products, we strongly recommend consulting information on this
subject that is available through other sources. References are provided at the end of this chapter.
The standards covered in this chapter include those, which the CTS system is capable of testing,
specifically:
• EN 61000-3-2 Quasi Static and Transitory Harmonics
• EN 61000-3-3 Flicker
• EN 61000-4-11p Voltage Dips and Variations (pre-compliance, requires option -411 on MX)
• EN 61000-4-13 Interharmonics and Harmonics Immunity Test (requires option –413 on MX)
• EN 61000-4-14 Voltage Fluctuations
2.2
• EN 61000-4-17 DC Ripple
• EN 61000-4-27p AC Voltage Unbalance (pre-compliance)
• EN 61000-4-28 Frequency Variations
• EN 61000-4-29p DC Voltage Dips and Variations (pre-compliance)
The EMC Directive
As the world population grows and the overall energy consumption increases, industrialized nations have
become increasingly concerned with the future availability of energy. Reducing energy consumption by
using more energy efficient lighting and motor drive systems is one approach being taken by European, US
and Japanese governments. The need of more efficient electrical systems however typically requires the
use of sophisticated semi-conductor based electronic circuits that produce current harmonics. This in turn
effects power quality which is an increasing problem on public utility networks. As lighting systems with
electronic ballasts and equipment with switching power supplies such as computers, TV’s, fax machines
and printers proliferate, power quality deteriorates. The same is true for PWM controller motor drives. The
International Electrical Committee (IEC) has released standards dealing with the low frequency public
supply system. Initial standards were 555.2 (Harmonics) and 555.3 (Flicker) which have since been refined
and are now available as EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 respectively. Effective January 1, 1996, most
electrical devices sold within the member countries of the European Union (EU) must meet these standards
as governed by the EMC directive.
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2.2.1
2.3
Why do you have to test?
In general, these IEC directives do not have the legal force of law. However, the European Union (EU) has
issued Euro Norms in the context of these IEC directives that are legally binding and are enforced by the
EMC Police. The relevant enforceable standards are EN61000-3-2 and EN61000-3-3, which supersede
EN60555.2 and EN60555.3 respectively. These standards are also known under the IEC designator EN
61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3. Recently, the universal EN 61000 convention has been adopted for all IEC
standards.
Individual member countries have issued identical national norms, either in their native language or in
English, which carry the same legal enforceability. Other countries such as Japan and the USA are in the
process of adopting similar standards. Penalties for violating these norms range from hefty fines to jail time.
In cases where the manufacturer is not located in the EU, his distributor or authorized agent will be held
liable. Local customs agencies can stop equipment that does not meet these IEC norms at the border.
Compliance testing of equipment is performed by accredited laboratories run by European government
agencies assigned with enforcing these norms. Also, competing vendors have been known to submit
failing test results on competitors' products to local governments to force prosecution and gain a
competitive advantage in the market place.
Conformance to the EMC low voltage directive is indicated by the CE mark. Note however, that the CE
mark includes more than just EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3.
The EN 61000-3-2:2000 Standard
This standard is often referred to as Amendment 14. It is less stringent for class C and D products
compared to the 1998 standard. Effective January 2001, products may be evaluated against this standard.
2.3.1 Test Classes
CENELEC-A14 changes the definition of Class-D products. Per the amendment, only TV’s, PC’s and PC
monitors are to be tested per Class-D limits. This means that many products migrate to Class-A. Note that
there is no change in classification for Class-A, B, and C products, but the harmonic analysis method for
products with fluctuating power is affected by A-14 for these products as well.
The limits for Class-C & D are proportional. Whereas this doesn’t cause any difficulties for products with a
constant current/power level, the situation was less clear for products with fluctuating load levels. Most test
systems implemented so-called dynamic limits, with the limits constantly being adjusted per the measured
power (or the fundamental current for Class-C) while others used some average power level to set the
limits. The latter systems determine this average power/current using some arbitrary method, and pre-test
period. Thus different test systems implement different limits for the same (fluctuating power) products,
which can result in one system PASSING a product while the other REJECTS it.
A second issue for fluctuating loads is the way the existing standard (1998 edition) defines criteria for
passing and failing the harmonics test. The existing standard permits the unit under test to occasionally
exceed the 100 % limit, provided the harmonics never exceed 150 % of the limit. In fact, the unit under test
is allowed to exceed the 100 % level for 10 % of the test time. The test time for fluctuating loads is to be at
least 2.5 minutes, i.e. the harmonics can exceed the 100 % limit for 15 seconds in every 150-second (2.5
min) period. For longer test times, one can perform this test in 2.5 minutes “time blocks” but another
interpretation is to just take 10 % of the overall test time. Thus, the testing method for fluctuating loads was
somewhat subject to interpretation by the test equipment manufacturer.
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Pass/Fail criteria under the new standard are as follows:
The average value for the individual harmonic currents, taken over the entire test observation period shall be
less than or equal to the applicable limits.
For each harmonic order, all 1,5 s smoothed r.m.s. harmonic current values shall be less than or equal to
150% of the applicable limits.
Harmonic currents less than 0,6% of the input current measured under the test conditions, or less than 5 mA,
whichever is greater, are disregarded.
For the 21st and higher odd order harmonics, the average values obtained for each individual odd harmonic
over the full observation period, calculated from the 1,5 s smoothed values may exceed the applicable limits by
50% provided that the following conditions are met:
• The measured partial odd harmonic current does not exceed the partial odd harmonic current, which
can be calculated from the applicable limits.
• All 1,5 s smoothed individual harmonic current values shall be less than or equal to 150% of the
applicable limits.
2.3.2 EN 61000-3-2 Test Limits
The following table summarizes the current harmonic limits for each device class that are presently in
effect. The limits are generally built into IEC test software programs such as California Instruments’
CTSMXL Test System software. If the power level of a class D device drops below 75 W (configurable see System Administrator Manual P/N 7003-794), no harmonic current limits are applied and the result will
always show a pass.
Harmonic no. (n) Class A Class B Class C Class D IEC 555-2
2 1.080 1.620 2 - 0.300
3 2.300 3.450 30 x PF 3.400 0.800
4 0.430 0.645 - - 0.150
5 1.140 1.710 10 1.900 0.600
6 0.300 0.450 - - 7 0.770 1.155 7 1.000 0.450
8 0.230 0.345 - - -
9 0.400 0.600 5 0.500 0.300
10 0.184 0.276 - - 11 0.330 0.495 3 0.350 0.170
12 0.153 0.230 - - 13 0.210 0.315 3 0.296 0.120
Even 14-40 1.84 / n 2.760 / n - -
Odd 15-39 2.25 / n 3.338 / n 3 3.850 / n
A RMS A RMS % of
fundamental
RMS current
Table 2-1: EN 61000-3-2 Class Limits
mA/Watt of
input power
(75 - 600 W)
A RMS
TV Receivers
> 165 W
-
1.500 / n
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Type
of
equipment
Observation
period
The actual class limits for all classes have not changed with amendment 14. The power levels for Class D
on which these limits are calculated however and the fundament current and power factor for class C have
been changed however.
First of all, the manufacturer is required to declare the rated power (the fundamental current and Power
Factor for Class-C) for the product. This “rated power” (current & PF) will be used as the basis for the limit
calculation of Class-D (Class-C). Thus, a “rated power” of 150 Watt for example, will yield a third harmonic
limit of 150 x 3.4 = 510 mA. Similarly, a rated fundamental current of 0.4 Amp, and a rated PF of 0.98 for an
electronic ballast will result in a third harmonic limit of 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.98 = 117.6 mA. Thus, the amendment
requires that an automated compliance test system must allow the user to enter this rated power or rated
current. Also, the test system must verify the power (fundamental current and PF) because these “rated
vales” as declared by the manufacturer must be within +/- 10 % of the actual values. If not, the actually
measured values are to be used for the limit calculation. The method to measure these actual power,
fundamental current and PF differ from the “average method” used in existing test systems, and of course
differ also from the “dynamic limit method”.
The Pass/Fail criterion is given above. The “10 % of the time over 100 % of the limits” no longer exists. The
average harmonic level during the whole test must simply be below the limit, and individual values in each
acquisition window (after 1.5 sec filtering) must be below 150 % of the limit. There is also an extra
allowance for the higher harmonics from H
21
- H
39
.
The CTS fully supports and implements Amendment 14.
2.3.3
EN 61000-3-2:2000 Test Time
Under the new test standard, four test times (observation periods) are allowed depending on the nature of
the EUT. All are aimed at ensuring repeatability of test results when tests are performed under the same
conditions and on the same test system. Repeatability for this purpose is defined as results that are within
5 %. Available observation periods are shown in the table below.
behavior
Quasi-stationary
Short cycles (Tcycle < 2.5
min)
Random
Long cyclic (Tcycle > 2.5
min)
T
of sufficient duration to meet the requirements for repeatability.
obs
T
> 10 cycles (reference method) or Tobs of sufficient duration
obs
or synchronization to meet the requirements for repeatability.
'Synchronization' means that the total observation period is
sufficiently close to including an exact integral number of
equipment cycles such that the requirements for repeatability are
met.
T
of sufficient duration to meet the requirements for repeatability.
obs
Full equipment program cycle (reference method) or a
representative 2.5-min period considered by the manufacturer as
the operating period with the highest total harmonic content.
Table 2-2: Harmonics Amendment 14 Test Times
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2.4
The EN 61000-3-2:1998 Standard
This section covers the 1998 standard including amendments 1 and 2. This standard may be used to test
products until January 2004. After this date, only the 2000 revision of the standard including Amendment
14 should be used.
The purpose of enforcing the EN 61000-3-2 standard is to limit the amount of current harmonics produced
by electronic loads. Since harmonic currents caused by a load in turn produce voltage harmonics across
the public utilities impedance, they affect other equipment connected to the same circuit. In fact, most
public utilities exhibit voltage distortion caused by non-linear loads. Because harmonics can have serious
effects on many electrical devices, efforts to set standards to limit their presence date back to the 1930’s.
This resulted in the IEC’s Technical Committee (TC) setting standards dealing with current harmonics as
far back as 1977. These standards became the basis for IEC standards 1000-3-2 and 1000-3-3 adopted in
1993. Because of their long history, many people still refer to these standards as 555.2 and 555.3 although
there are some differences between the older and newer versions and tests performed today should be
done according to the new standards, not the old ones.
Another confusing issue that is rooted in history is the nature of the products that fall under these IEC
norms. While the original 555 specifications focused primarily on consumer products and excluded many
professional and industrial products, the new IEC 1000-3 norms expanded coverage to include all electrical
products with a rated input current up to 16 A rms per phase. Presently, only products with a line input
voltage of 220 V and above are included. Japan and the US are working towards similar requirements that
would cover products that require 100 Volts and up. Due to the original scope of the IEC 555 norms, many
manufacturers are still under the impression that their products are exempt since they are not considered
consumer products. Especially manufacturers of switching power supplies - some of the worst “offenders”
when it comes to generating harmonics currents - have been caught off guard.
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2.4.1 Test Classes
The standard divides products to be tested in to four classes, A, B, C and D. Each class has its own
harmonic current limits. Class A is the default class, meaning if a product does not fall into the categories
for class B, C or D, it is by default class A. The product classes are defined as follows:
Test limits are most stringent for Class-C and Class-D equipment. These classes were established to cover
Class Description
A All motor driven equipment, most “domestic” appliances and
virtually all 3 phase equipment (<16 A rms per phase)
B All portable electric tools
C All lighting products, including dimmers, with an active input
power above 25 Watts.
D Products having a power range from 75 to 600 Watts AND a
current waveform that has a special wave shape.
Table 2-3: EN 61000-3-2 Class Descriptions
the wide range of products that uses “cheap” switching power supplies with a rectifier capacitor input.
These units typically exhibit relatively high odd harmonics. Since this type of supply is so commonly used,
the effect of a large quantity of products like this can add up to significant problems. To limit this effect, the
current harmonic limits for class-D equipment are specified in mA/W instead of an absolute current value
as is done for class A and B. Many consumer and professional devices such as TV’s, VCR’s, stereos,
PC’s, fax machines, printers etc. may fall into the more stringent class D category.
Class-C limits are not specified in absolute values either but rather as a percentage of the fundamental
current. The third harmonic limit is also a function of the power factor so is harder to meet as the power
factor decreases. Neither class C nor D devices have to meet even current harmonics limits.
Since class C and D limits are load dependent, the power level and power factor have to be determined for
each test. In case of fluctuating power levels, it may be necessary to measure the power level during the
test and adjust the limits used to pass or fail the unit under test dynamically.
This dynamic nature of the class C and D limits has resulting in some confusion and a possible problem of
inconsistent test results when using IEC test systems for different vendors. The Standards body working
group for harmonics is in the process of clarifying some of the class and limit issues and these efforts are
likely to result in a revision of classes and limit calculations sometime in the year 2001. Until a new
standard is established, the CTSMXL software maintains a database of test limit values than can be
updated over time if needed without changing the core program.
CTSMXL software makes dynamic classification for Classes A and D. The classification follows the
following principle. If during either a Class A or D test the EUT becomes a Class A device, the EUT will be
considered a Class A device. If the EUT is a Class D device through out the test, then the device is a
Class D device. In other words, Class A is a latching classification. Please note that even though the
classification may change during a test, a Class A (or D) test will still be performed according to Class A (or
D) specification.
2.4.2 Steady State versus Transitory Harmonics
Two types of harmonics testing are called for in the EN 61000-3-2:1998 standard, a quasi steady state and
a transitory one. The transitory harmonics tests allow for equipment that has power demands that vary over
time to temporarily exceed the harmonic current limits by as much as 50 %, as long as such elevated levels
do not occur for more than 10 % of the test period. Since the minimum test time required is 2.5 minutes or
150 seconds, this means the current harmonics can be as high as 150% of the standard limits for no more
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than 15 seconds in any 150 second period. This requirement imposes more demands on the power
analyzer being used than it does on the AC power source.
Steady state harmonics are those exhibited by equipment that has a constant current draw such as a
fluorescent lighting fixture. Many pieces of equipment, such as Laser printers that have a heating element
that kicks in any time a page is printed, have fluctuating power demands and may require transitory
harmonics testing.
Note that Amendment 14 does away with the distinction between stationary and transitory harmonics.
2.4.3 IEC 61000-4-7 Inter Harmonics Evaluation.
IEC61000-3-2 Edition 2.1 (2001-10) references measurement methods per IEC61000-4-7 and Edition 2.0
of this measurement standard specifies the inclusion of inter harmonics. For the assessment of harmonics,
the harmonic and inter-harmonic current levels are grouped to be the sum of squared intermediate lines
between two adjacent harmonics according to the equation below, as visualized also in the accompanying
figure. The resulting harmonic group component of order n (corresponding to the center line in the hatched
area) has the magnitude C (rms value).
2.5
In these equations, “c” is the modulus of the spectral component corresponding to an output bin of the
Fourier Transform of the data obtained from the 200 ms acquisition period , and “C” is the resulting
modulus of the harmonic which is to be compared against the limits in IEC61000-3-2 for the selected test
class.
This inter harmonics measurement is not mandatory as of this writing, as the use of equipment meeting the
previous version of IEC61000-4-7 (the older Edition 1) is permitted for a short period (until the existing
IEC61000-4-7 Edition 2 has gone through its maintenance cycle). Therefore the user has the option to
either disregard inter harmonics, or to group them into the assessment by selecting the appropriate field in
the “Test Category” settings.
It should be noted that selecting this “inter harmonics grouping” has little impact on the measurement
results for the vast majority of products. Only products with active power factor correction AND highly
fluctuating power consumption will produce inter harmonic levels that would add to the level of “C” as given
above. Most products do not produce inter harmonics, and therefore the measured harmonic currents will
be the same either way.
EN 61000-3-3 Flicker
Flicker standards are imposed to limit voltage variations caused by loads connected to the low voltage
supply network that would cause lights connected to the same circuit to flicker. A complex measurement
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approach outlined in IEC 868, was devised to correlate voltage fluctuations to a human perceptibility factor
(P). The EN 61000-3-3 standard sets limits for voltage fluctuations caused by electrical apparatus with a
current level up to 16 Amps per phase. The standard describes a human flicker perceptibility curve that
defines the upper limit for acceptable flicker. This curve plots the percentage of voltage fluctuation against
the amount of voltage fluctuations per minute.
As is the case for the Harmonics standards, the Flicker standard dates back several years and was rooted
in the IEC 555.3 specification. Today however, the EN 61000-3-3 standard should be used to evaluate
equipment. Note that low power equipment generally does not cause Flicker and therefore often can be
exempted from this requirement. The standard permits the equipment manufacturer to prove via analysis
that their products are unlikely to cause voltage fluctuations. This analysis becomes part of a Technical
Construction File (TCF) which in turn may be used to obtain product certification.
2.5.1 EN 61000-3-3 Flicker Test AC Source Requirements
As is the case with Harmonics testing, the IEC 61000-3-3 standard imposes requirements on the AC source
that is used. Some of these requirements are similar and less severe than those imposed under IEC
61000-3-2. For example, total harmonic distortion of the voltage can be 3 % for Flicker testing as opposed
to only 1.25% for harmonics testing. The voltage regulation needs to be better than 2 % which is not
a problem for most AC sources. In rare cases, the line voltage may even be used for this purpose. More
often than not, however, the use of an AC source with well-defined specifications is recommended to obtain
repetitive test data and eliminate the possibility of flicker caused by line fluctuations, not load current
fluctuations. The CTS system uses the MX Series and RS Series power sources, which meets these
requirements.
To simulate the resistance and inductance of the low voltage distribution systems, the IEC 61000-3-3
requires a specific AC source output impedance to be used. This reference impedance, as specified in IEC725, is defined in such a way that it approximates a typical distribution network impedance. Individual
countries may require the use of a different reference impedance that more closely resembles the actual
impedance of that countries’ specific distribution network. Most European countries use the specified
reference impedance value however.
The CTS uses a test impedance with a the impedance values specified in IEC 725. The test impedance is
provided by the OMNI-3-37MX unit, which is connected between the output of the MX/RS power source
and the PACS-3-75 measurement system. Note that this impedance is restricted to 37 A RMS per phase
while the MX power source can deliver more current than that. High power EUT’s should be tested to IEC
61000-3-11 using the OMNI-3-75 instead.
Note that the OMNI-3-37MX test impedance for the CTS system is matched to the California
Instruments’ MX/RS power source output impedance. Do not use third party reference impedance
networks with the CTS system as the combined AC source and network impedance may not match the
IEC 61000-3-3 requirement.
2.5.2 When to Test for EN 61000-3-3
As mentioned, it may not be necessary to test every product for EN 61000-3-3. If it can be shown that
maximum power consumption of the unit under test is low, and the surge current level at turn-on is limited,
it can be shown that the product causes insignificant Flicker levels across the reference impedance. For
loads having an rms current draw of more than 5 Amps, it is generally recommended to verify conformance
to EN 61000-3-3 however.
2.6
EN 61000-4-11p Voltage Dips and Variations
The EN 61000-4-11 is an immunity test for low voltage equipment to ensure reliable operation when
connected to the public distribution system. This test requires an AC source that is capable of generating
specific voltage variations and voltage dips. The unit under test must not sustain any damage from such
occurrences nor cause unsafe conditions.
DEPTH DURATION
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DEPTH DURATION
(Voltage drop in % of
nominal Ut)
10 %o < 30 % 61 66 12 6
30 % < 60 % 8 36 4 1
60 % < 100 % 2 17 3 2
100 % 0 12 24 5
The need to test for immunity of products against voltage dips and interruptions was prompted by studies of
electric utility availability. The results shown in Table 2-4 were found in this study (UNIPEDE study 91 en
50.02). From this data it is clear that most disruptions are short in nature (about 5 to 10 periods) and no
more than 60 % below nominal. Occasionally however, extended periods of complete power loss occur. It is
suggested that this test data also be used as a guide in selecting appropriate test levels.
2.6.1 Why Do You Have to Test?
The EN 61000-4-11 affects a large set of products, specifically; "Electrical and electronic equipment having
a rated input current not exceeding 16 A per phase." Thus, most single and three phase AC powered
equipment used in domestic and light industrial settings fall in this category. In fact, around 95 % of all
electrical equipment in household and light industrial applications, require no more than 16 A per phase. In
Europe, this implies real apparent levels of 230 V * 16 A = 3680 VA, with real power either at the same or a
lower level. Specifically excluded are all DC powered products (battery operated devices) and 400 Hz AC
equipment. (Avionics) These products will be covered in future IEC standards. At this time meeting the EN
61000-4-11 standard is required for most products to obtain the CE Mark, required to market products in
the European Union.
California Instruments’ MXCTS system supports pre-compliance EN 61000-4-11 testing using the MX
series AC power source with the addition of the -411 firmware option. The test sequencer and report
generation for EN 61000-4-11 is provided through the MXGUI Windows→ software. To
accommodate changes in the specification, test levels and duration can be set by the operator or
2.7
loaded from disk if
needed.
EN 61000-4-13 Interharmonics and Harmonics Immunity Test
Table 2-4: Average public utility disturbances per annum in Europe
10 to < 100 ms 100 to < 500
ms
Number of disturbances per year
500 ms to 1
sec
1 sec to > 3
sec
The EN 61000-4-13 is presently only in draft form and the implementation used in the CTS system uses
applies to the first draft of the immunity test specification. The purpose of this test is to verify a EUT’s
immunity to signaling frequencies that may be present on the AC line. These signaling frequencies are not
always harmonically related to the fundamental frequency. As such, this test applies both harmonics and
interharmonic frequencies in addition to the fundamental AC voltage.
The generation of interharmonics requires the addition of an independent signal generator in the MX power
source. (Option -413) If this optional -413 interharmonics generator hardware option is present in the MX,
the EN 61000-4-13 test window will be available from the MXGUI program.
The EN 61000-4-13 draft specification calls out test levels for three product classes, class 2, 3 and X. Class
X involved user defined test levels. Test levels for class 2 and 3 are implemented in the MXGUI while test
levels for class X may be set by the user in the IEC413.413 file.
Note that EN 61000-4-13 is presently only in draft form and as such, hardware and/ or software changes to
this test option may be required at a future date.
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2.8
EN 61000-4-14 Voltage Fluctuations
The EN 61000-4-14 is aimed at testing a product for immunity against voltage fluctuations that can occur
on the public utility. The nature of the voltage fluctuations is different from those tested under EN 61000-411 however. The fluctuations covered in this standard are less severe and involve typical high and low line
conditions.
2.9
California Instruments’ CTS system supports full compliance EN 61000-4-14 testing. The EN 61000-4-14
test is implemented in the MXGUI Windows→ software. To accommodate changes in the specification,
test levels and duration can be changed by the operator or loaded from disk if needed.
EN 61000-4-17 DC Ripple
The EN 61000-4-17 is aimed at testing a DC powered product for immunity against voltage ripple. Ripple is
often caused by feed-through from the AC input section of a DC supply and exhibits itself as a small AC
signal riding on the DC output. The EN 61000-4-17 standards covers test levels and frequencies for testing
the immunity of DC products against such phenomena.
The CTS system supports full compliance EN 61000-4-17 testing The EN 61000-4-17 test is implemented
in the MXGUI Windows→ software. To accommodate changes in the specification, test levels and
duration can be changed by the operator or loaded from disk if needed.
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2.10
EN 61000-4-27p Three Phase Voltage Unbalance
2.11
2.12
Three phase CTS systems support pre-compliance EN 61000-4-27 testing. The EN 61000-4-27 test is
implemented in the MXGUI Windows→ software. To accommodate changes in the specification, test
levels and duration can be changed by the operator or loaded from disk if needed.
EN 61000-4-28 Voltage Frequency Variations
The MXCTS system supports full compliance EN 61000-4-28 testing. The EN 61000-4-28 test is
implemented in the MXGUI Windows→ software. To accommodate changes in the specification, test
levels and duration can be changed by the operator or loaded from disk if needed.
EN 61000-4-29p DC Voltage Dips, Interruptions and Variations
The MXCTS system supports pre-compliance EN 61000-4-29 testing. The EN 61000-4-29 test is
implemented in the MXGUI Windows→ software. To accommodate changes in the specification, test
levels and duration can be changed by the operator or loaded from disk if needed.
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2.13
References
Additional information on IEC norms and requirements may be obtained from the following sources. You
may also check for the latest IEC related information on California Instruments' web site at
www.calinst.com.
Document Number Date of
Publ.
IEC 725 (1981) “Considerations on reference impedances for use in
IEC 868 (1986) “Flicker meter, Functional and design specifications.”
IEC 868 Amendment 1 (1990) “Flicker meter, Functional and design specifications.”
IEC 868-0 (1991) “Part 0: Evaluation of flicker severity.”
EN 61000-3-2 (1995) “Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current
Title
determining the disturbance characteristics of household
appliances and similar electrical equipment.”
emissions (equipment input current < 16 A per phase.)”
EN 61000-3-3 (1994) “Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations
and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment
with rated current < 16 A.”
IEC 61000-3-11 2002 “Part 11: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage
fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for
equipment with rated current < 75 A.”
IEC 61000-3-12 2005 “Part 12: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current
emissions (equipment input current < 75 A per phase.)”
EN 61000-4-7 1996 “General guide on harmonics & inter-harmonics” New
version expect early 2002.
Copies of complete IEC standards
may be obtained from at:
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
P.O. Box 131
1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Phone: +41 22 919 0300
Fax: +41 22 919 0228
Web: www.iec.ch
or in the USA:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Sales Department
11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
Phone: +212 642 4900 Fax: +212 302 1286
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3. System Installation
3.1
About This Chapter
This chapter provides information on system installation and covers both the hardware connections that
need to be made between the various components and the software setup. Proper installation of all
hardware components and software modules is required to successfully use the MXCTS system. Some
experience with AC power systems and PC’s running Windows is assumed.
3.2
Hardware Installation
3.2.1 Unpacking
Inspect the unit for any possible shipping damage immediately upon receipt. If damage is evident, notify
the carrier. DO NOT return an instrument to the factory without prior approval. Do not destroy the packing
container until the unit has been inspected for damage in shipment.
3.2.2 AC Source
Refer to the MX Series and RS Series User Manual provided with the AC Source.
The main power requirements for the MXCTS are dictated by the AC power sources used and the power
levels that the Equipment Under Test will demand. Consult the MX Series Power source user manual for
input current and input wiring requirements.
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3.3
PC Requirements
The CTS system requires a PC to operate. The included CTSMXL Software must be installed on a PC
capable or acquiring and processing data in real-time to ensure no-gap acquisition as required by both the
harmonics and flicker test standards.
NOTE: It is recommended to purchase the required PC from California Instruments using the CIC-PC-PCX
option. This ensures a suitable PC with the software pre-installed and tested will be furnished with the
system for turnkey operation. This option also includes a monitor and printer. If this option is not
ordered, the PC to be used with the system should be shipped to California Instruments prior to
delivery for integration and test. In this case, it is the customer’s responsibility to ensure the provided
PC meets the performance criteria outlined below.
The PC requirements will depend to some extend on the following factors:
• The phase mode. Three phase systems require more CPU power than single-phase systems.
• The type of A/D card used. A PCI slot is required.
• The Windows operating system used. Windows NT/2000 and Window XP imposes more overhead
on data transfer than Windows 98SE operating systems. Windows ME is not supported.
From time to time, a newer version of the MXCTSL software may be released. New versions are
tested only with contemporary operating systems. As such, it may be required to upgrade to a
newer operating system to support the latest version of the MXCTSL software. Presently, MXCTSL
1.3.0.0 has been tested only on Windows XP platforms.
• For report generation, a copy of MS Word is required. The MS Word version supported is Word 9.0
(Word 2000). Older versions of MS Word may no longer work when upgrading to the latest
MXCTSL software version. In that case, a newer version of MS Word may have to be installed.
The matrix below shows the required minimum process clock rate. These clock rates apply to either
Celeron, Pentium III, Pentium 4, AMD Athlon and Klamath based PC's. The values shown are minimum
values, not recommended values. To allow future expansion, it may be advisable to plan on using a faster
PC.
Other minimum PC requirements are:
• Windows XP, Windows 2000. Other versions of Windows operating systems are no longer
supported.
• RAM size 512 Mbytes minimum.
• SVGA (800 x 600 resolution, 16 or more colors).
• IDE or SCSI hard disk drive of 20 GByte size or more.
PC Processor speed matrix shown minimum clock speeds, not recommended clock speeds for the PC. A
faster PC can be used. This assumes other applications and/or screen savers that take up processor time
are generally closed.
Table 3-1: PC Pentium/Athlon Processor Clock Speed Requirement
Mode A/D Card Win XP / 2000
Single phase PCI 2.6 GHz
Three phase PCI 3.2 GHz
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3.4
OMNI-3-37MX Unit
The OMNI-3-37MX Zref impedance provides 0.24 + 0.15j Ohms for each phase and 0.16 + 0.10j Ohm for
the neutral. This Zref is required for IEC 61000-3-3 flicker test.
If only an OMNI-3-75 is present, the MX30-3Pi or MX45-3Pi programmable impedance must be used to
increase the required resistive portion of the flicker reference impedance for IEC 61000-3-3 testing. In this
case, either the OMNI-3-75 must be manually controlled or the programmable impedance must be
manually set as the CTSMXL software can only control one impedance type at a time. If the CTSMXL
software is configured to use the OMNI-3-75 control through the MX system interface, the MX30 or MX45
programmable impedance can be set manually while in flicker mode after selecting the test setup but
before clicking on the START button as the front panel will be unlocked at this time. It is important to only
set the Resistive portion of the programmable impedance as the inductive values of the OMNI-3-75 and
OMNI-3-37MX are the same. See 15.6 for differences in impedance values of both OMNI's.
If both OMNI's are present (MXCTSH configurations with optional CTSMXL software added), only one
OMNI can be connected at a time to prevent impedance build-up. A quick disconnect scheme is provided
in this case to allow switching between OMNI units. Refer to Figure 3-8.
Only manual control of the flicker or BYPASS state on the OMNI-3-37MX is supported through the front
panel push button.
3.4.1 Mechanical Installation
The OMNI-3-37MX is contained in a separate 19" wide cabinet with a 5.25" height (3U). This cabinet
should be placed as near the MX-45-3Pi as possible.
The OMNI-3-37MX has its own IEC320 AC power input for bias power. Check the input rating set at the
back of the OMNI-3-37MX chassis. It can be set for either 115V or 230V AC. DO NOT CONNECT if the
input rating is set incorrectly. The setting can be changed by pulling out the fuse holder. The set line input
voltage is shown through the small window on the IEC320 connector.
If the OMNI-3-37MX is installed in an OMNI-3-75 cabinet as part of a CTSHL system, you must first turn on
the power to the OMNI-3-37 using the front panel On/Off rocker switch located at the bottom of the cabinet.
This ensures the OMNI-3-75 is engaged connected the MX output power. Then use the OMNI-3- 37MX
On/Off switch to turn the OMNI-3-37MX on or off. Note that if the OMNI-3-37MX is turned off, it disconnects
the output. For both harmonics and flicker testing, the OMNI-3-37MX must be turned on and placed in
either Bypass (for Harmonics) or Flicker mode using the front panel MODE button.
The OMNI-3-37MX can operate in one of two modes:
Bypass mode This mode is used during harmonics test
Flicker mode This mode is used during flicker test
Note: The OMNI-3-37MX mode is not controlled by the CTSMXL Software. Instead, the OMNI-37MX front
panel control button is enabled to allow manual switching between modes.
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3.4.2 Front Panel Controls
OMNI On/Off
Switch
OMNI-3-75
Manual Mode
Control.
The front panel contains the AC power On/Off switch, the BYPASS or ENGAGE status lights and a manual
MODE switch button. The mode switch button is normally enabled and the OMNI-3-37MX state is
controlled through the use of this button. The “ON “ LED indicates the OMNI-3-37MX module is powered
up.
OMNI-3-75
Connect
Breaker.
OMNI-3-37MX
Connect
Breaker.
The front panel power switch is located on the left hand side of the OMNI-3-37MX cabinet front. There is a
built in delay for engaging or disengaging the contactors when turning the OMNI-3-37MX on and off.
If the OMNI-3-75MX is part of a MXCTSHL system, it will be mounted in the OMNI-3-75 cabinet. In that
case, two circuit breakers will be present. (See illustration above). These are used to connect either OMNI
to the PACS-3-75 input. Close only one breaker at a time. Refer to user manual P/N 7003-972 on
MXCTSHL configuration details.
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3.4.3 Wiring
Power from the MX three-phase output connector should be routed to the OMNI AC Input terminal block
located at the rear of the OMNI-3-37MX. The recommended wire gauge is #4.
Output power from the OMNI-3-37MX must be routed to the PACS-3-75 input connector. (TB4) To access
the PACS-3-75 AC input and output connections, the rear-top cover of the PACS-3-37MX must be
removed. This wiring is generally provided with the system. Wire size used is AWG #6, which is the
maximum size supported by the PACS-3-75 connectors. Note that the wire fits very tightly in theTB4
connector. It may be necessary to twist stranded wires firmly to make the wire fit the connector opening.
The EUT connections can be made at TB3 AC OUT of the PACS-3-75. The wire size should be AGW #6
also. To gain access to power connector TB3, the access panel located on the top rear of the PACS-3-75
unit must be removed. Remove the four screws holding the connector access panel in place and remove
the panel. Once input and output wiring is complete, reattach the connector access panel.
The connection diagram is shown in Error! Reference source not found.. Note that the PACS-3-37MX is
installed between the MX45-3Pi and the PACS-3-75. Wiring diagrams for other possible systems
configurations are shown in Error! Reference source not found. through Figure 3-8 (or Error! Reference
source not found. through Figure 3-8 for older version OMNI-3-75 cabinet systems) depending on system
configuration.
Note that the OMNI-3-75 is normally only present on MXCTSH or MXCTSHL system configurations.
Note: This wiring supports EUT load currents up to 75 Arms. For higher power EUT's used with the MX-45,
Note: The OMNI-3-37MX supports EUT load currents up to 37 Arms in FLICKER mode and 54 Arms in
the PACS-3-75 should not be left in the circuit. Instead, EUT's that require higher currents should be
connected directly to either the MX output, which is rated for higher currents than the PACS-3-75. In
this case, harmonics and flicker testing is not supported.
BYPASS mode. Any time the OMNI-3-37MX is connected between the MX and the EUT, the
programmable current limit of the MX MUST BE SET TO NO MORE THAN 37 Amps per phase during
flicker tests. If not, serious damage to the OMNI-3-37MX could result. This type of damage resulting
form use above it’s maximum current rating is not covered under the normal product warranty.
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3.5
3.5.1 OMNI-3-75 Hardware Versions
OMNI-3-37MX Unit
The OMNI-3-75 Ztest impedance provides 0.15 + 0.15j Ohms for each phase and 0.10 + 0.10j Ohm for the
neutral. This Ztest is required for IEC 61000-3-11 flicker test. MXCTSHL system configurations will have
both OMNI’s installed in the OMNI-3-75 cabinet. Refer to user manual P/N 7003-972 on MXCTSHL
configuration details.
Note that original versions of the OMNI-3-75 (version 1) did not have front panel circuit breakers that
enable disconnection of the OMNI output to the PACS input. Later versions of the OMNI-3-75 (version 2)
do have either one or two front panel breakers. These breakers replace the need to manually connect and
disconnect one of the other OMNI in MXCTSHL systems that contain both an OMNI-3-75 and an OMNI-337MX.
Note: The MXCTSHL systems have both OMNI’s, OMNI-3-75 and OMNI-3-37MX. Only one of the two circuit
breakers should be turned on (connected) at one time. If both are on, the two OMNI’s will be in
parallel and the correct reference impedance will not be present. Thus, always connect (close) only
one of the two circuit breakers on the OMNI-3-75 cabinet at a time.
The circuit breakers provide additional protection against over current for each of the relevant OMNI circuits
and PACS.
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Figure 3-1: MX30-3Pi-CTSH and MX45-3Pi-CTSH with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram – Version 2
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Figure 3-2: MX60-3Pi-CTSH and MX90-3Pi-CTSH with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram – Version 2
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Figure 3-3: MX30-3Pi-CTSL and MX45-3Pi-CTSL with OMNI-3-37MX Wiring Diagram.
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Figure 3-4: MX60-3Pi-CTSL and MX90-3Pi-CTSL with OMNI-3-37MX Wiring Diagram.
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Figure 3-5: RS90-3Pi-CTSL OMNI 3-37 Wiring Diagram
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Figure 3-6: MX30-3Pi-CTSHL and MX45-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring Diagram – Version 2.
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Figure 3-7: RS90-3Pi CTSL with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram.
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Figure 3-8: MX60-3Pi-CTSHL and MX90-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring Diagram.
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Figure 3-9: RS90-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring diagram.
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Figure 3-10: MX30-3Pi-CTSH and MX45-3Pi-CTSH with OMNI-3-75 Wiring Diagram - version 1
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Figure 3-11: MX30-3Pi-CTSHL and MX45-3Pi-CTSHL with dual OMNI's Wiring diagram – version 1
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3.6
PACS-3-75 Unit
The PACS-3-75 measurement module can be operated on either 115V or 230 V. It requires less than 0.5
Amps to function.
Note: Check the correct Line input voltage setting of the PACS-3-75 prior to applying line voltage. If
incorrect, move the voltage selection to the correct position before applying power. See paragraph
3.6.4.
3.6.1 Mechanical Installation
The PACS-3-75 should be placed near the MX and OMNI to minimize cable runs. Both the PACS-3-75 and
OMNI-3-37MX can be mounted in a standard cabinet to be placed next to the MX power source.
The units are fan cooled, drawing air in from the sides and exhausting at the rear. The sides of the unit
must be kept clear of obstruction and a 6 inch (152 mm) clearance must be maintained to the rear for
proper cooling.
3.6.2 EUT Connection Wiring
See Error! Reference source not found., Figure 3-7 and Figure 3-8 for wiring configuration depending on
system configurations. The wire size used is dictated by the measured currents and voltages. Any wire
used must be rated for the maximum expected current and voltage. The PACS-3-75 unit is rated for 75A
RMS maximum per phase when the rear power terminals are used and therefore AWG 6 is recommended.
The wire gauge for the wiring between the MX and OMNI-3-37MX input should be AWG 4 and is supplied
with the MXCTS system.
The PACS-3-75 is rated for 75 A max. and as such requires the use of at least AWG 6 wire gauge or larger
diameter to connect to the EUT.
Caution: It is important to keep the distance between the PACS-3-75 output and the EUT as
short as possible to avoid adding additional wiring impedance to the test setup.
This is particularly important for flicker test measurements, as the wire impedance will affect the level of any
voltage fluctuations caused by the EUT. Try to limit any output wiring to no more than 5 feet (1.5 meters) or
use larger diameter wire as the distance to the EUT increases. Refer to Figure 3-9.
Caution: Be sure to replace the small rear top cover on the PACS-3-75 unit after the wiring has
been installed, otherwise insufficient cooling of internal components may result. Refer to Figure
3-10.
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PACS 3
- Rear Panel View
To AC Source
Connection
Keep Wire
Length
Neutral
Phases
short. (< 5 ft)
Use proper wire
gauge
Figure 3-9: EUT Connection distance and wire gauge.
3.6.3 Front Panel Connections and Controls
or OMNI Load
AC OUT AC IN
A,B,C
Equipment
Under Test
A DB37 PC Interface Connector is located on the front panel. This connector is in parallel with the rear
panel connector. Either one can be used to connect to the A/D card in the PC. Use front panel interface
connector if rear panel access is difficult.
The “ON “ LED indicates The PACS-3-75 module is powered up. Note: Even if the PACS-3-75 unit is
powered down, the AC input terminals may still be live if the applied source has not been shut down.
The front panel power switch located on the left-hand side of the PACS-3-75 unit energizes the
measurement circuits.
3.6.4 PACS-3-75 AC Input Supply
The AC input to the PACS-3-75 unit is on the right side of the rear panel. The molded cord plugs into the
combination range change/ fuse holder assembly.
The AC power input module has a red plastic fuse holder that also serves as the input voltage range
selecting device. The selected voltage range (115V or 230V) is displayed through a small rectangular
window.
To change the fuse:
To change input range:
1. Remove power cord from input module.
2. Pry cover loose with a small screwdriver.
3. Pull out fuse holder, prying with a screwdriver will be necessary.
4. Replace ½ A fuse and reassemble in reverse order.
1. Remove power cord from input module.
2. Pry cover loose with a small screwdriver.
3. Pull out fuse holder, prying with a screwdriver will be necessary.
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4. Orient the red fuse holder so that the desired voltage shows through the
window. While holding the two fuses in the holder, reinsert the fuse
module and close the cover.
The MX-CTSH system as shipped from the factory will generally have the PACS-3-75 line cord connected
to the IEC320 AC input socket on the inside of the OMNI-3-75 cabinet. The other end of the line cord plugs
into the AC input of the PACS-3-75 unit is on the right side of its rear panel. The molded cord plugs into the
combination range change/ fuse holder assembly.
3.6.5 Measurement Input / Output Connections
The AC power input to be measured must pass through the cable strain relief clamp at AC INPUT and then
to connector TB4, located just behind the rear panel. Similarly, the wires from TB3 are routed through the
cable clamp at AC OUTPUT to the Equipment Under Test.
3.6.6 PC Interface, Clock and Lock Interface
The PC interface connector accepts the DB-37 interface cable that goes to the PC with the AD Card and
the CTSMXL Software. This connector is available on both the front and the back of the PACS-3-75. Either
one can be used to connect to the PC A/D card (CIC400PCI, CIC401PCI or CIC403PCI).
Note: When connecting the high density 68 pin connector to the back of the A/D card in the PC,
make sure to align the cable plug with the A/D card connector carefully so as not to bent
any pin. The connector should insert easily. If undue force is needed, the plug may not be
aligned properly or one or more pins may be bent. Check the plug and connector carefully
before installing the supplied cable between the PACS-3-75 and the PC.
The CLOCK and LOCK BNC connectors are available for future interface capabilities to CI power sources.
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Figure 3-10: Power Connections for PACS-3-75
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Figure 3-11: Front and Rear Panel Views of the PACS-3-75 Module.
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3.7
Functional Test
If it is desired to perform a functional test of the system, the following procedure can be used. However,
the A/D signal card and the CTSMXL Software must first be installed for proper operation. See installation
instructions later in this section.
Refer to Error! Reference source not found. for detailed installation diagrams.
1. Connect a current transformer to the neutral wire going into the AC input port at TB4 on the rear of the
2. Connect a DMM to the line and neutral connections at TB4 inside the rear panel.
3. Connect a 10 Ω load to the rear panel AC outlet port at TB3, phase A to Neutral.
4. Enable the AC power input to the PACS-3-75 unit, whether from the line or from a power source. Apply
5. Start the CTSMXL Software in harmonics mode and measure the load current and voltage from the
CAUTION: Work carefully when performing this test, hazardous voltages will be present on the AC input
and output connections during this test.
PACS-3-75 unit. Connect the CT output to a DMM to read the actual input current.
120Volts AC at 60Hz.
MXCTSL GUI. Verify the GUI readings and the external DMM readings for current and voltage are
within 1% of each other.
6. Turn off AC source output and repeat steps 2 through 5 for phases B and C. If a suitable three-phase
load is available, all three phases can be checked at once.
In the unlikely event the system does not pass the functional test, refer to the calibration procedure in
section 17, or, refer to the service procedure in Section 19. If the problem cannot be resolved, call
California Instruments’ customer satisfaction department for further assistance.
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3.8
3.8.1 Unpacking and Handling
Data Acquisition Card Installation - PCI Card Version
All measurements in the CTS System are performed through a dedicated data acquisition card that needs
to be installed in the host PC. The PC that this card is being installed in must have at least 512 Mbyte (4GB
or more on software version 2.0 or newer) of RAM memory for the card and software program to work
correctly. This section provides the necessary installation procedure for both hardware and software of the
PCI version A/D Card. The PCI card is a Windows compliant Plug-n-Play card that requires a single PCI
slot in the test system PC. The card driver is installed along with the CTSMXL software.
The following items are included as part of the PCI Card:
• A/D conversion board, CI401PCI or CI403PCI Exacq A/D card.
Or
• A/D conversion board, National Instruments PCI-6034E Series with NI-DAQ CD Rom.
• 68 to 37 pin adapter cable, HD68 (High Density) male to DB37 male connector.
Verify that all components are available. The CTS system will not operate if any of these items are
missing. If any item is missing or visibly damaged, contact California Instruments customer service
department immediately. Refer to page 3 for details on contacting California Instruments. Retain the
original packaging material for the card and its accessories in the event you ever need to return the PCI
A/D card to California Instruments.
Keep the PCI card in its protective anti-static bag until you are ready to install it in an available PCI slot of
the host PC. This will minimize the chance of damage due to electrostatic discharge. When you finally do
remove the card from the bag, make sure you are wearing a wrist ground strap and hold the card by its
edge to avoid touching any of the components.
There are no jumpers of DIP-switch settings on the PCI A/D card as all configuration data is retained in
EEPROM.
Note that the National Instruments CD ROM with the NIDAQ drivers is included with the NI PCI-6034E
card. If your system was supplied with this A/D card, YOU MUST USE THE NI CD-ROM to install the A/D
card drivers. For systems supplied with an Exacq A/C card, the card driver is on the same CD ROM as the
MXCTSL software.
The correct order of installation is:
1. Install the PCI Card drivers first.
2. Turn off the PC and install the PCI A/D card in an available PCI slot.
3. Reboot the PC and let Windows find the A/D card and complete installation of the drivers.
4. Install the CTSMXL software from the CIC652 CD ROM.
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3.8.2 Installing the PCI Card Driver Software
Insert the CIC652 in the CD ROM drive. The setup.exe program should start if the CD ROM drive is
configured for AutoStart. If not, double click on the Setup.exe program to launch the installation wizard.
Select the CI401PCI / CI403PCI Card Driver Installation and click on the Run Setup button.
Follow the installation prompts for the Driver installation to install the A/D Card drivers.
If your system was supplied with a NI PCI-6034E card instead, install the card drivers from the NI-DAQ CD
Rom instead.
3.8.3 Installing the PCI A/D Card
Following the procedure outlined below to install the PCI card in the test system PC:
1. Disconnect your PC from any main power.
2. If possible, wear a grounded wrist strap to prevent ESD damage to the PC and the A/D Card and place
the PC cabinet on a firm ESD safe working surface.
3. Remove the cover of the PC cabinet following the directions provided by the PC manufacturer.
4. Locate the PC’s PCI bus expansion slots. The CI400PCI requires a single 32 bit PCI slot.
5. Using a suitable screwdriver (typically Phillips #2), remove the cover plate for the slot you opted to use
in step 4. The A/D card has its own cover plate so the one you remove may be saved or discarded at
your own discretion. You will need to re-use the screw however, so make sure you do not loose it.
6. Carefully remove the PCI card from its protective bag and hold it along the top edge. Take care not to
touch the gold finger edge connectors at the bottom.
7. Insert the card carefully in the selected slot making sure the DB68 connector clears the slot in the back
of the PC. Press down firmly along the top edge of the board to make sure the board is seated
properly in the PCI slot connector. It may help to rock the board gently or start from one end of the
edge connector.
8. Install the screw you removed in step 5 and secure the PCI board to the PC slot by its cover plate.
9. If you plan to use an IEEE-488 Controller to communicate with the AC Source and have not installed
one in the host PC yet, now would be a good time to do so. Follow the Bus Controller manufacturer’s
instructions for installation.
10. Replace the PC’s cover following the directions provided by the PC manufacturer.
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be
is installed, the PC must be rebooted.
system.
high
with
If undue force is needed, the
be bent. Check the plug
the
installed
desktop.
installed
Automation,
should
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A/D card testing.
automatically at boot by the
to finish installation of the A/D card.
A/D
bent
not be aligned
installing
should
and
6250: “Dev1”.
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3.8.4 Testing the PCI Card
The CTSMXL software must
Windows™ operating
Note: When connecting the
align the cable plug
should insert easily.
pins may
the PACS-3-75 and
NI E-Series DAQ Board
Once the PCI A/D card is
Automation” icon on the
now see the PCI card you
installed first before performing a
The new hardware should be detected
Follow the on-screen prompts
density 68 pin connector to the back of the
the A/D card connector carefully so as not to
plug may
and connector carefully before
PC.
and the PC has been re-booted, you
Double click on it and expand the Devices
as shown in the screen below.
After CTSMXL software
card in the PC, make sure to
any pin. The connector
properly or one or more
the supplied cable between
see a “Measurement and
Interfaces tree, you will
NI M-Series DAQ Board
Launch Measurement and
select NI-DAQmx Devices, NI PCI-
Select “Self-Test” and you
get the pop-up message below.
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the
“Dev1”,
Configuration
powered
Volt
differential input amplifier and
Hz
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hardware,
set Channel Name to “Dev1/ai0”, set Mode to
attached
an
channel
attenuation factor in the PACS. The display should be about 2.30
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You can run “Test Panels…”
to do a further functional check of the CTS
and interconnect cable
between the A/D card and
Highlight NI PCI-6250:
continuous, set Input
Make sure the PACS is
PACS. Of course, the power
PACS (CTS signal conditioning unit).
select “Test Panels…”,
to RSE, set Rate(Hz) to 10000.
up, and the A/D card cable is properly
source needs to be operating, and must supply
to both the card, and the
appropriate voltage to the
measurement system.
Set the power source to 230
Volt rms for a 230 Volt – 50
– 50 Hz. This voltage is routed to logical
a 100: 1
input voltage. (See below picture for detail)
0 of the A/D card, via a
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CI Designation
Exacq P/N
System
Exacq Technologies Card
After installing the A/D card in an available PCI slot, you must configure the card for operation in the CTS.
Generally, the PCI card will be the only A/D card to be used in your PC, but in case there are more cards
present, contact the factory for details concerning multi-card configuration.
Card Reference numbers:
CI401PCI CM2110 Single phase systems
CI403PCI CM2210 Three phase systems
After installing the PCI card, turn the computer back on. When Microsoft Windows starts up, it should
discover the new Exacq A/D device.
Next, you need to test the A/D card in your computer, and configure the A/D card for use with the CTS
software. After the PC starts up, you will have a new Program Group, called Exacq. Start the application
called Exacq Control Center from this new Exacq program group on the Windows Start menu. See Figure
3-12 below.
Figure 3-12: Exacq Control Center Screen.
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The new data acquisition card will appear as a node in the LocalSystem | Hardware | Exacq | PCI/PXI
branch of the System tree.
Click on this node. The serial number and logical device number will display in the Configuration pane. The
logical device number is the identification that application software such as the CTS uses to specify which
hardware device will be used. This device number should only be changed if you have multiple A/D cards
in the PC. See Figure 3-13 below).
Otherwise, leave the number as is. In the event this is necessary, you may change the assigned device
number by clicking on the configuration tab and selecting a new number using the device number edit
control. Only knowledgeable users should make changes to these settings.
Figure 3-13: Exacq Card Device Number
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You are now ready to verify that the A/D card functions properly in your PC. To do so, select the “Test” tab
in the Configuration panel. This will bring up the test panel (see illustrations Figure 3-14, Figure 3-15 and
Figure 3-16 on following pages). This test panel can be used to test all analog input channels and analog
output channels as well as the digital IO lines. You can test Channel 0 (zero) as shown below. Assuming
you have connected the interface cable to the PACS signal-conditioning unit, and the PACS receives the
supply from the power source, the display will look similar to the figure below. Assuming the card functions
properly, installation and configuration of the Exacq data acquisition hardware and software is now
complete.
Figure 3-14: Exacq Test Panel
You can run the Exacq Bench software to do a further functional check of the CTS hardware, and
interconnect cable between the A/D card and the PACS (CTS signal conditioning unit). Close the Exacq
Control Center window. Start the application called Exacq Bench from this new Exacq program group on
the Windows Start menu.
Make sure the PACS is powered up, and the A/D card cable is properly attached to both the card, and the
PACS. Of course, the power source needs to be operating, and must supply an appropriate voltage to the
measurement system.
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You may now apply a load to the CTS. Typically, this will be the 230 Volt – 50 Hz supply voltage that is
used to power the products to be tested. This voltage is routed to logical channel 0 of the A/D card, via a
differential input amplifier and a 100: 1 attenuation factor in the PACS. On the Exacq Bench menu bar,
select “Instrument”, “Volt Meter”. Thus, the Exacq Bench DVM function will display approximately 1.00 volt
for a 100 Volt AC voltage setting of the power source, such as may be used in Japan (see the example of
the DVM function below). The display should be about 2.30 Volt rms for a 230 Volt – 50 Hz input voltage.
Note that the system calibration will eliminate small errors due to hardware tolerances. Thus, the ratio is not
necessarily exactly 100:1.
Figure 3-15: Exacq DMM Screen
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Of course, you may also use the oscilloscope function of the Exacq Bench to display the time domain
signals. Refer to the appropriate section of this manual to identify all the signals and channel numbers, but
for this example, channel 0 is for voltage, and channels 1,2,3 are the (parallel) three current signals. In the
figure below, channel 0 and 3 are displayed (channel 3 is the most sensitive current channel). The CTS
power source was set to 230 Volt – 50 Hz, and a resistive load with a dimmer set to approximately 90
degrees firing angle was applied. The (yellow) current signal was 2.0 Amp rms and the (red) voltage was
230 Volt. The settings for the scope channels and time base function were adjusted to obtain the display as
shown in the figure.
Upon completion of the above tests, you may proceed with installing the CTS software modules that were
supplied with your system.
Figure 3-16: Exacq Scope Test Panel
3.8.5 CTS / GPIB Software Setting Conflict. (For NI PCI-6034E Card Users only)
Each time the CTS is run, a function is called to initialize the A/D card. This call, "Init_DA_brds", actually
does more than A/D initialization. It also sends some commands to the instrument with GPIB address #1
when using a NI GPIB controller. The AC source if used over the IEEE-488 bus is factory set to address 1.
This may cause a problem unless the IEEE-488 address on the power source is changed to an address
other than 1.
The address can be left at 1 on the power source if needed by changing the visaconf.ini file. This file is
typically residing in "c\vxipnp\win95\nivisa" directory. (If not located in this directory, use the Windows
Explorer Find function to locate this file.) This file is not distributed with the CTS software. It is installed
when the National Instruments GPIB software is installed. There is a line under [GPIB-VXI-CONFIG]:
DisableAutoFind=0. The 0 needs to be changed to 1.
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3.9
CTSMXL Software Installation
Once the card drivers have been installed, the CTSMXL Software can be installed next.
The A/D card requires a device driver to be installed. If you did not install the PCI driver and A/D card, go
back to section 3.8.
The MXCTSL system software is supplied on a CD-ROM. The CD-ROM contains compressed files that
are needed to operate MXCTS system properly. Since these files are in compressed form, they should not
be copied to your PC’s hard disk since they will not function in this form. Instead, the setup program that is
included on the CD-ROM should be used to install all the files.
An additional CD ROM is provided containing the system calibration data.
To install the CTSMXL Software, proceed as follows:
1. Insert the CIC652 CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive and wait a moment for the drive to
recognize the CD.
2. The program should start automatically. If not, select Start->Run… from the Windows Start
menu and type D:\setup.exe, assuming your CD-ROM is the D drive.
3. The CI CD ROM Browser as shown to the
right should now appear on screen.
4. Select MX45-CTSL Series under
Compliance Test Systems in the left hand
side Model Series pane.
5. Next, select the GUI Software Tab on the
right hand side. Then click on the “Execute
Selection” button at the bottom of the
screen.
6. This will bring up the CTSMX Setup
Selector, which is used to copy the
required calibration data to the user’s PC.
Select the version of the CTSMX you want
to install, in this case “CTSMXL System Software Installation (PCI)”.
7. Remove the CIC652 installation CD and replace it with the Calibration Data CD that came with
the CTS system.
8. Click on “Run Setup” and wait for the calibration data to be copied. This will take very little time.
9. You will now be prompted to re-insert the CIC652 installation CD ROM.
10. Remove the Calibration CD and replace it with the CIC652 installation CD. The CI browser may
reappear when you close the CD drive door as your CD drive may be set to autorun. You can
either ignore or close the second instance of the CI Browser program.
11. Click the OK button to confirm that the CIC652 CD is back in the CD ROM drive. This will
launch the CTSMXL installation program.
12. Follow the on screen installation program prompts to complete the CTSMXL system software
setup.
13. Once completed, you can remove the CD-ROM. You may have to reboot the computer after
the software installation. This will be indicated at the end of the installation program.
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The installation program will create a new entry in the Programs Menu called “CTS MXL”. This menu has
several sub-menu entries, one for the main test program and several for the calibration and configuration
programs as well as a few utility programs. We recommend you keep the calibration and installation CDROM’s in a safe place in case you ever need to re-install the CTSMXL Software.
If the calibration data is not found during the installation process, you still have to option of continuing with
the software installation. A dialog box will prompt you to abort (Cancel) or continue (OK). If you continue,
the calibration data will have to be provided later.
Note: To operate the AC source through the IEEE-488 interface, it may be necessary to install the IEEE-488
controller card drivers on the same PC. Refer to the setup instructions supplied with the IEEE
3.9.1 Calibration Data distributed on Floppy Disk
controller card.
On older CTS systems, the calibration data for each system was distributed on Floppy disk. As this old
medium is rapidly disappearing, CD ROM is used on newer systems.
If the calibration data you received was provided on floppy disk instead of CD ROM, you will have to copy
the following file from this floppy to your hard drive root directory (Usually C:\) using Windows Explorer:
CTSMXL calibration.dat
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3.10
AC Source Control Software Installation
If the CTS system you purchased contains a California Instruments AC power source, it will have included
additional AC source control software as well.
Note: The AC source control software is not required to perform harmonics and flicker tests. It is required to
perform any of the IEC 1000-4 tests however. This software is supplied with its own user manual and
we recommend you familiarize yourself with this user manual also when electing to use the AC source
control software.
The AC source control software is supplied on CD ROM CIC496. Select the MX Series using the installer
program to install the MXGUI program.
To install the AC source control software, proceed as follows:
1. Insert the CIC496 CD-ROM in the PC's CD-ROM drive. If the drive is configured for autoboot, the CI
CD-ROM Browser program should pop up on screen. If not, run the SETUP.EXE program.
2. In the left window of the CD browser, locate the AC Source series for the AC source supplied with the
CTS system.
3. Click on the Programs Tab on the right and select Windows 32 bit.
4. Click on the Install button at the bottom center to run the setup program.
5. Follow the on-screen prompts of the installation program.
6. The setup program will now run and display a dialog box that shows the default directory for the AC
source control software that is MXGUI on the current drive. At this time you can accept the default
directory by clicking on the OK button or enter a different directory. If the directory you enter does not
already exist, it will be created.
7. At the end of the installation process, a message will be displayed indicating the installation is
complete.
8. You can now remove the CD-ROM.
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4. Program Menus
4.1
4.2
About this Chapter
This chapter provides an overview of the CTSMXL program menus. You may read this chapter to
familiarize yourself with the menus available in the program for harmonics and flicker testing or proceed
directly to the relevant chapter for the test you want to run and use this chapter only as a reference.
Main Menus
Many of the CTS system capabilities are accessible through the menus located at the top of the main
window. These menus are organized in the following groupings. Click on any menu to view the sub menu
items.
MENU DESCRIPTION
File Open, close and save test setups and data files. Also allows printing of test
Edit Used to cut and paste graphs to other Windows programs or edit the report
reports
header text.
4.3
View Allows test setups or a list of all tests performed with the system to be
displayed. A link to the California Instruments' web site is provided on this
menu as well.
Options Several run-time and replay settings can be controlled from this menu.
Test Starts a new test, allows replay of a previously recorded test, or display
harmonics information of the most recent test.
Help On line help and Program information.
Note: When a test is in progress, the menus are not available until after the test is completed. This
prevents the test from being suspended while the user pulls down a menu, which is an unavoidable
Windows issues.
File Menu
The File menu offers the following sub-menu choices.
SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
New Test Clears all data and brings up the test setup screen to start a new harmonics
or flicker test.
Open Data File Opens a previously recorded data file from disk. The data file can be either
created on this computer or created on another computer.
Open Setup File Opens a setup file. This allows a new test to be run with the exact same
setup parameters. The setup file can either be created through “Save Test
Setup” menu action or extracted from an existing test data.
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SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
Save Test Setup Saves only the setup information in effect. The setup file name depends on
Save Test Data Saves all data from the most recent test run. A test must be run first with
the setup. For example, a steady state Class D test would have a name of
Steady_D.cts_setup.
data saving enabled. When data saving is enabled, a test will produce a
binary file H-xxxxxx.cts_data (harmonics) or F-xxxxxx.cts_data (Flicker)
where xxxxxx is the test number. Save test data menu action actually make
a copy of that binary file to the specified file name and location.
The file name used will be the same as used for the previous save operation
unless this is the first save after a test run. In that case, the user will be
prompted for a file name.
Save Test Data As Saves a copy of the most recent test run binary data to a new file name. The
user will be prompted for a name to use.
Report Generate data needed for a test report and if MS Word is installed on the
PC used, allows producing/viewing/printing a test report in MS Word.
Report Preview Previewing a test report in MS Word. MS Word must be installed on the PC
used.
Print Report Printing a test report in MS Word. MS Word must be installed on the PC
used.
Exit Terminates and exits the CTSMXL program
4.4
Edit Menu
The Edit menu offers the following sub-menu choices.
SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
Copy Top Graph Copies a bitmap image of the top graph displayed to the Windows
Clipboard. From there, it can be pasted into other Windows programs.
Copy Bottom Graph Copies a bitmap image of the bottom graph displayed to the Windows
Clipboard. From there, it can be pasted into other Windows programs.
Edit Header The Header is printed at the top of each report page. This sub menu brings
up a dialog box that allows the header to be edited. For testing on behalf of
a third party, this feature allows the test lab name to be printed on each
report page.
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4.5
View Menu
4.6
The View menu offers the following sub-menu choices.
SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
Test Setup Brings up a overview of all selected test setting for the current test. This is a
display window only and no fields can be changed in this mode. To change
setup option, close the active test window and select Perform a new Test
from the Test menu.
Test List Brings up a display grid showing all tests ran to date on the test system PC.
For each test, a time stamp, test type and pass fail result is shown. Any test
for which data was recorded can be played back by selecting it and clicking
on the replay button at the bottom of the screen.
Calibration Info Displays a summary window of the Card serial number, PACS serial number,
frequency calibration and last calibration date.
Options Menu
The Options menu offers the following sub-menu choices.
SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
Get a new reference for
each test
For Harmonics tests with a limit set that is a function of the power level or
current of the EUT, a new reference can be established for each test run.
Alternatively, the last used reference can be preserved for subsequent test.
This menu entry toggle between these two available modes.
Generate ASCII Files at
the end of test
Show Banner at the end
of test
Recall Type Valid for data replay only. This option offers four choices for playback of
When selected, this option causes tab delimited ASCII files to be generated at
the end of the test from the binary data files recorded during the test run.
ASCII files take up more space but can be opened using other application
programs. All the ASCII files will be in the sub directory “ASCII_files”. Please
note that even if this item is not selected, conversion from a binary test file to
ASCII files can also be accomplished using the ASCII converter program
(Convert data to ASCII) supplied as part of the CTSMXL program suite.
When selected, this option causes a large banner (Green when PASS, Red
when FAIL) to appear on the screen of the PC. This banner can be seen
from across the room to notify a lab operator that the test run has been
completed.
data. Data is stored in acquisition windows or buffers. For Harmonics,
acquisition windows are either 10, 12 or 16 cycles. For Flicker, acquisition
windows are 1 second. Available recall choices are:
Every Window: Every acquisition window is shown
Every
failed/distorted
Window
Every Failed Source
Window
Every Failed Current Only acquisition windows with current failure are
Only acquisition windows with current failure or
distorted source are shown.
Only acquisition windows with high AC source
distortion are shown.
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SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
Window shown.
Recall Size Amount of acquisition buffers or windows to be loaded from disk to memory
during playback. The more windows are loaded, the further the user can
back up in the data stream during playback. Thus, when selecting 100
buffers, the replay can be stopped and reversed up to 100 buffers.
The recall size ranges from 0 to 1000 buffers.
Replay Delay Selects the time to wait between display data buffers during replay mode. On
a fast PC, it may be useful to increase this time or the replay will run by too
fast to see anything meaningful.
Available delay times between buffers are 0.0 seconds for the fastest speed
to 5.0 seconds for the slowest speed.
Display Rate This setting determines how many buffers are skipped for display purposes.
While all data buffers are read from disk, only the selected buffer interval set
here is displayed in the graphs.
Available rates range from Every Acquisition to All the way to the End. The
last setting means the data is read from disk all at once and only the last
buffer is displayed at the end of replay. The user can then back up (recall)
using the VCR style keys in the lower left corner of the screen.
4.7
Test Menu
The Test menu offers the following sub-menu choices.
SUB MENU DESCRIPTION
Perform a new test Clears the existing test data from memory and brings up the test setup
screen for both Harmonics and Flicker test.
Replay an existing test Brings up the list of tests that can be replayed.
Select a test setup from
Test List
Edit/View Fixed
references
Current Harmonics Displays a table with current harmonics data of the most recent test.
Voltage Harmonics Displays a table with voltage harmonics data of the most recent test.
Parameters Data Displays a table with parameters of the most recent test.
Allows test setup information from any test in the test list to be copied to a
new test setup.
Allows editing of power level or current for test limits that are a function of
EUT power and or EUT current. See Get new reference entry under Options
menu.
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5. Harmonics Testing
5.1
5.2
5.3
About This Chapter
This chapters covers testing a device for compliance with the EN 61000-3-2 Harmonics standard. A review
of the possible EUT classes is provided to assist the user in determining the appropriate device class to
use. Once the device class has been established, the appropriate test module is used to perform the tests.
Test Standard Selection
Before running any Harmonics test, you must decide if you want to test to the old harmonics standard (EN
61000-3-2:1998, includes Amendments 1 and 2) or the new one. (EN 61000-3-2:2000, Amendment 14).
Both may be used up to January 2004 after which time only the new standard should be used. The
standard selection is made in the lower right hand corner of the setup screen. Once selected, some options
may be grayed out. For example, the new test standard only considers transitory harmonics so the quasistationary selection is disabled. Note that the acquisition window over which the evaluation of current
harmonics is made differs under both standards. Per the EN 61000-4-7 referenced in Amendment 14,
which replaces the Annex B of the 1998 standard, the evaluation window for Amendment 14 is 10 cycles at
50 Hz or 12 cycles at 60 Hz. The 1998 standard is based on an evaluation window of 16 cycles for 50 Hz.
(same 16 cycles is used when the frequency is set to 60 Hz). Selecting the desired test standard
automatically configures the CTS for the correct acquisition window.
Device Classes
The EN 61000-3-2 categorizes products in one of four product classes. Using the correct class is important
as the harmonic current limits for each class are different. Choosing the wrong class can mean rejecting a
product that otherwise would have passed (False Negative) or passing a product that normally would have
failed (False Positive). Either outcome is undesirable.
The following device classes are defined:
Class A All motor driven equipment, most “domestic” appliances and virtually all 3 phase
equipment (<16 A rms per phase).
Class B All portable electric tools.
Class C All lighting products, including dimmers, with an active input power above 25
Watts.
Class D Products having a power range from 75 to 600 Watts AND a current waveform that
has a special wave shape. For testing to EN 61000-3-2:2000, Amendement 14,
the special waveshape does not apply and only TV's PC's and PC Monitors with
power levels between 75 and 600 W are considered class D. All other products are
class A.
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5.3.1 Class D Special Current Waveshape
If you elected to test to the EN 61000-3-2:1998
standard, a unit is considered to be class D equipment if
it meets the power consumption limits listed above and
its current waveform matches at least 95 % of a
specified wave shape template. This template is aimed
at ‘capturing’ high crest factor loads that are known to
generate high harmonic currents. The wave shape
template consists of three time domain sections, one for
each 1/3 period of the signal during a positive or
negative half-cycle of the input voltage. The center
section is normalized to, and centered around the peak
current value. The other two sections have a 0.35 times
Ipeak amplitude limit. The actual template is shown in
Figure 5-1.
i
i
pk
1
0.35
0
3
π
π
3
π
3
M
0
π π
½
Figure 5-1: Class D Current Wave Shape
Template
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The exact EN 61000-3-2:1998 standard text is as
“..equipment shall be deemed to be Class D if, under the test
conditions given in Annex C, the input current
of each half period - referred to its peak value i
envelope shown in the following figure for at least 95 % of the
duration of each half period; this implies that waveforms
having small peaks outside the envelope are
to fall within the envelope. The center line M, coincides with the
peak value of the input current.”
A device that does not meet these class D
requirements defaults to a class A device and
tested against the class A limits.
The flowchart shown in Figure 5-2 can be used
determine the class of the device to be tested.
When selecting EN 61000-3-2:1998 mode with a
device, the CTS Software will display the current wave
shape and the special waveform template. The
percentage that fails within the template is
as well. If the waveform is not class D, the user will be
given an indication. The test can still be run
In Class A testing, the special waveform check is
performed to prevent a “False Positive”.
If the CTS software indicates that the current waveform
does not meet the Class D requirements, the user should
switch to Class A instead.
5.3.2 Dynamic Class C and D Limits
Start here
- is
pk
CLASS A
Balanced
Yes
Three Phase
Equipment?
Yes
No
Equipment?
No
Portable
Power
Tool?
No
Lighting
No
P<600W
& special
waveshape
Yes
Motor
Driven?
follows:
waveshape
within the
considered
Yes
Yes
CLASS B
CLASS C
should be
to
Class D
displayed
No
CLASS D
however.
also
Figure 5-2: EUT Class Determination
Flowchart
Harmonic current limits for Class D are a function of the EUT power level. This poses an interesting
problem, especially if the device has a fluctuating power draw pattern. This means the test limits change
with the power consumption of the EUT. While there is some discussion in the IEC community regarding
the practicality of using such dynamic test limits, the CTS software is fast enough to dynamically recalculate
the test limits applied to the current harmonics for each acquisition window of 16 signal periods. As such,
the CTS system fully implements the IEC standard with respect to class D.
The same issue applies to the third harmonic limit for Class C products, which is a function of the
fundamental current and power factor (λ). The CTS software determines the fundamental current and
power factor of the load for each acquisition window and dynamically determines the correct 3
rd
harmonic
current limit for Class C devices.
If you select to test to Amendment 14, you will have to enter the manufacturer rated power for Class D
(TV's, PC's and PC Monitors) or the fundamental current and power factor for Class C (lighting products)
instead. The rated values will be used to calculate the Class C and D limits as long as the actual measured
values do not differ from the rated values by more than 10 % during the test.
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5.4
Stationary or Transitory Harmonics Test
The EN 61000-3-2:1998 standard distinguishes between two types of tests, stationary for equipment that
exhibits constant power consumption and transitory for equipment that exhibits fluctuating power
consumption patterns. While the harmonic current limits applied to each type of EUT are identical,
equipment that produces transitory harmonics is allowed to exceed the limit levels by 50 % as long as such
excessive levels last less than 10 % of the total time during any 2.5 minute period. This is equivalent to 15
seconds of the total period (2.5 minutes = 150 seconds, 10 % of 150 seconds = 15 seconds).
The user should determine the nature of the EUT based on his knowledge of the product. As a rule, the
transitory harmonics standard is easier to pass as there is some margin (up to 50 %) compared to the
stationary harmonics test. In case of doubt, it is always possible to run a stationary harmonics test on the
EUT first. If the stationary test passes, you are done; a unit that passes the stationary harmonics test will
always pass the transitory harmonics test. The reverse is not true however. If a unit fails the stationary
harmonics test, it may still pass the transitory harmonics test as long as the current harmonics do not
exceed 1.5 times the class limits and do so less than 15 seconds in any 2.5 minute period.
It should be noted that the user must ensure that the total test time applied is sufficient to cover a complete
operating cycle of the EUT. Many devices are stationary in nature but notable exceptions exists. For
example, a laser printer that periodically draws higher currents to heat the fuser may exhibit fluctuating
harmonics and may require a test time that is sufficiently long to cover such an event. The same applies to
microwave cookers and washing machines.
Note: The user is responsible for selecting the correct test method for the EUT. The CTS system does
not attempt to determine if the EUT exhibits stationary or transitory harmonic currents. If in doubt,
select the stationary test method as it is the most stringent of the two.
If you selected the EN 61000-3-2:2000 standard, evaluation of current harmonics is always done using the
transitory method so no user selection is provided. See section 2.3.3 for details on selecting the correct
test time.
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Starting the CTSMXL main program brings up the
SVGA
harmonics
same supply
started
frequency
Please note the six fields at the bottom of the set
are
presented
The Default
where
If both the CTSMXL program and the MXGUI
the
programs
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CTSMXL
screen
will not size to any resolution above 800
that
below
Default
about
enter
situations
applicable
same
not be
conflict.
Compliance
Test System
5.5
Running a Harmonics
test setup screen. This
automatically sizes to a
supported but the controls on
display resolution of 800 x 600 pixels. Larger
the main window
Note: For correct
operated from the
A harmonics test is always
desired nominal voltage and
and flicker measurement operation, make sure
outlet.
by setting the desired type and EUT class.
and test window size. The figure
main program window
resolutions are
x 600.
the PACS-3-75 and PC are
Other settings involve the
shows the typical settings
for a class A test.
you entered in these fields
click OK, you will be
specific for the test.
tests are to be performed
up screen are grouped as
not necessarily for the particular test you are
with a measurement screen where you can
User Input here is intended to facilitate the
the information in Default User Input are
user input. The values
to perform. When you
similar information that is
where a group of
to all the tests in the
group.
Note:
controller to control
Having both
Figure 5-3: Typical Class A test setup
are configured to use the
AC source, it is important that both programs
open at the same time could cause an interface
Com port or IEEE-488 bus
active at the same time.
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The following checklist shows all available setup options for a Harmonics test.
Field Description / Purpose
Test Type Select between Steady State Harmonics or Transitory Harmonics. EUT's that have a
Frequency Choose 50 Hz or 60 Hz. This choice will be used to program the AC source output
Test Class Select the appropriate test class for the equipment under test. See paragraph 2.4.1
Voltage Select the correct line voltage. Default choices are 115 and 230 V RMS Line to
Load Selects single or three phase mode. On single-phase CTS systems, the three phase
Test Limit The CTSMXL retains a database of harmonic current test limits. This setting selects
Cycles per
window
EUT This field may be used to enter information about the equipment under test. This field
Tested by This field may be used to enter operator information. This field is used to hold a default
Comment Comment field for general use. This field is used to hold a default value.
Customer If the test is performed on behalf of a third party, information about the entity for which
Test Margin Determines at what scale factor the harmonic test limits will be applied. For most
constant load pattern can be tested using the steady state mode. If you select
Amendment 14, you can also enable or disable inter harmonics evaluation. With the
pending new revision of EN 61000-4-7, current interharmonics have to be evaluation in
addition to the harmonics.
frequency. If no AC source is available or the AC source control option has not been
selected, the measured frequency is checked against the user setting and an error
message is generated if a discrepancy is detected. For IEC compliance testing, 50 Hz
should be selected.
for test class selection.
neutral. A user-defined value may be entered by selecting the "Other" option. This
setting is used to program the AC power source output voltage. If no AC source is
available or the AC source control setting in the advanced setup screen has not been
selected, the operator is responsible for ensuring the correct line voltage is applied to
the EUT.
selection is not available. For three-phase CTS systems, a wye connection to the
PACS-3 must be used.
the limit set to use. Available options are European and Japanese. For normal IEC
testing, the European option should be selected.
The present standard requires the use of a 10 period acquisition window at 50 Hz and
12 periods at 60 Hz for a 200 msec at either line frequency.
is used to hold a default value.
value.
the test is performed may be entered here. This field is used to hold a default value.
situations, this value should be set to 100 %. If testing is done for pre-compliance,
setting a lower margin will provide an extra margin of safety against system tolerances
of different test systems. This field is used to hold a default value.
Test Duration Enter the total test time. For Steady State Harmonics, the default test time is 1.0
minute. For Transitory Harmonics, the default test time is 2.5 minutes. For flicker
tests, the default time is 10 minutes. Maximum test time is 1440 minutes or 24 hours.
This field is used to hold a default value.
Table 5-1: IEC Harmonics Setup Parameters
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Parameters
If this is first time using the CTSMXL system, it
displayed
Figure
available
Description
the
harmonics
that
voltage
used
condition.
The CTS
AC
used
MX
used
source
AC
front
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the
"Additional Setup" button on the right hand side of the
Test
staring
any
High
capability
Pre
reached
source
the
used.
Software.
should
options
Line
control
responsibility
during
RS232C
make
source
provided
be
purposes
When
front
Compliance
Test System
5.6
Additional Setup
for Harmonics
These settings can be
may be necessary to check
by clicking on the
Additional Setup settings.
main setup window.
5-4: Additonal Settings for Harmonics
The following settings are
Setting
from this dialog window:
Pre test time This is
behavior
currents
in high
can be
state
Source Control
stable
dialog is
for the
source
and the
Use the
from its
only
RS232C
time during which to apply power to the EUT before
measurements. This capability may be used to skip
of the EUT that may affect the outcome of the test.
exceed the AC Source's maximum peak current
distortion. This would invalidate the test. The
to hold off measurements until after the EUT has
system is normally supplied with a suitable AC power
power to the EUT. The Source Control section of
to configure the CTS system for the AC Source
Series power sources is provided in the CTSMXL
is not supported by the program, manual mode
should be set up by the end user. Available
source
panel
control Used with AC Sources that have
This option may be needed if the AC
source used does not offer remote
way of operating puts more
ensure the correct power is applied
The Verify Source must be used to
AC Source can be found. The AC
connected using the serial cable
powered up. The View Bus button may
the command trace for trouble shooting
presence of source cannot be verified.
control, the user can select to have the
or not by setting the Disable checkbox.
the
startup
EUT inrush
can result
-test time setting
a steady
to provide
additional setup
Only support
If the AC
be selected
are:
is used or the AC
capabilities. This
on the operator to
the test.
control capability.
sure the
must be
and must be
used to bring up
if the
using remote
panel locked
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Setting Description
IEEE-488 control This selection requires the presence of a National
Test Data Test data for each test can be saved to disk for later replay or report generation. If
this option is not selected, the test cannot be replayed later or printed. For most
situations, it is recommended to save the test data. For debugging sessions, it
may be acceptable to turn off this option to preserve disk space.
Class C and D Test
Limits
Sample and Hold This option does not apply to the CTS system.
Time filter duration
for transitory
harmonics filtering.
Test limits for class C and D are not fixed but rather depend on the EUT power
level and or power factor. The CTSMXL uses the generally accepted dynamic
test limit calculation method to determine the correct limits for each acquisition
window.
Using the settings in this frame however, the operator may override this
implementation and set a fixed limit for Class D and C. The time for which to
acquire power and or power factor data from the EUT can be set in the Duration
field in seconds. For three-phase mode, the power can be averaged over all three
phases.
This value should be set for 1.5 seconds to comply with the EN 61000-3-2
standard. Future standard changes may require this value to be changed.
Instruments IEEE-488 controller card or compatible card in
the PC. This interface is not supplied as part of the CTS
system but may be added as an option. The Verify Source
must be used to make sure the AC Source can be found.
The AC source must be powered up. The View Bus button
may be used to bring up the command trace for trouble
shooting purposes if the presence of source cannot be
verified. When using remote control, the user can select to
have the front panel locked or not by setting the Disable
checkbox.
Table 5-2: IEC Harmonics Advanced Setup Parameters
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Window
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are
limited
parameters.
a
recorded
assigned.
each
Setup
a
progress
halt
Compliance
Test System
5.7
Main Harmonics Test
Operation
Upon closing the Main setup window,
and test results are displayed in realfunction of which are explained in the
Field / Control Location
Start button Upper left
corner
Figure 5-5: Harmonics Test Window
the harmonics test window will appear. Tests
This main harmonics test window has a
table below.
Description
Starts harmonics test using presently selected
is running, parameters cannot be changed. Starting
data to be written to the test data file if data
time a test is run, a new sequential 'Test Number' is
for each test are automatically logged. Data for
recorded if this option is selected in the Additional
Once a test is running, the Start button changes to
any menus will be disabled while a test is in
menu under Windows will cause the application to
result in data loss.
executed from this window
number of controls, the
Once a test
test also causes
is enabled. Each
Results
test is only
screen.
Stop button. Also,
as pulling down a
which would
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Field / Control Location Description
Stop button Upper left
corner
Report button Upper left
corner
Power
Buttons
Upper left
corner
Stop the acquisition process. The Stop button can be used to abort a
test prematurely. The data files will be closed and will only contain data
up to the point at which the test was aborted. Test log will indicate if the
test completed normally or was aborted by the user.
The Print Summary button generates a test report in an MS Word doc
file. This report contains both the voltage and current waveform and the
harmonics display graph. It also includes the current and voltage
harmonics in absolute values and as a percentage of the applied IEC
limits.
These button controls may be used to turn the AC power source output
on or off. The configuration can be set to use automatic power on/off,
automatic on / manual off or manual on and off control of the AC
source. If no AC source control option is selected, the operator has to
use the front panel of the AC source instead and this button will not be
available. In manual mode, the operator must click on the Power On
button to turn on power to the EUT.
WINDOW DATA
Frequency - Hz Left panel Displays the AC signal frequency in Hz. If the frequency is not 50 or 60
Voltage - RMS Left panel Displays the Root Mean Square voltage of the AC source output for
Current - RMS Left panel Displays the Root Mean Square current to the EUT for each acquisition
I peak Left panel Displays the peak current value of the EUT current. If the EUT
I Fund Left panel Displays the value of the fundamental current of the EUT for each
Crest Factor Left panel Displays the crest factor of the EUT current. Crest factor is the ratio
VA Power Left panel Displays the apparent power consumption of the EUT for each
Power - Watts Left panel Displays the real power consumption of the EUT for each acquisition
Power Factor Left panel Displays the ratio between real power and VA power of the EUT for
Window Result Left panel Indicates if the present acquisition buffer current harmonics exceed the
VTHD Left panel Provides information on the AC voltage distortion. If the source voltage
The data in the Window Data frame on the left side of the main
harmonics screen applies to successive acquisition buffers. Acquisition
buffers are 320 ms for 50 Hz EUT’s and 266.67 ms for 60 Hz EUT’s if
the 16 Cycle window size is selected. If the 10/12 cycle window size is
selected, the buffer size is 200 msec.
HZ, “F???” will appear in the field of VTHD and Source Qual. The test
will continue however but the results may not be valid.
each acquisition buffer.
window.
produces no harmonic currents, the peak current is √2 times the RMS
current.
acquisition window. The fundamental current is the current at 50 Hz or
60 Hz only, without any contributions from higher order harmonic
currents. If the EUT produces no harmonic currents, the fundamental
current will be the same as the rms current.
between the peak current and the RMS current.
acquisition window.
window.
each acquisition window.
selected EUT current limits. If one or more acquisition buffers report a
failure, the overall test result will fail. This field will typically toggle
between good and fail during the test run.
is affected by the EUT harmonics currents, distortion compensation will
be used and indicated in this field.
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Field / Control Location Description
Test Number Bottom Left Each test run is assigned a sequential test number. The number for the
current test is displayed in this field. This allows individual test results to
be tracked.
Test Result Bottom Left This field provides a visual indication of the test result. A Green field
with Pass indicates the EUT current harmonics are below the limit, a
Red field with Fail indicates the EUT current harmonics are above the
limit. Note that the condition of this field is affected by the user selected
test margin. To use the actual IEC test limits, the test margin should be
set to 100 %. This field depends on the “Window results” of all the
windows up to this test time and if any “Window result” is failed during a
test, Test result will be “Fail”. In other words, this field is “Fail” latching.
Source
Qualification
Start Time Bottom Left This field always shows the start time of the test in progress. The test
% of test
completed
Bottom Left This field displays overall AC Source voltage distortion status for the
test so far. At the end of the test, this field indicates if the AC Source
failed the voltage distortion test at any time during the test.
The VTHD indication is given to notify the user of a possible problem
with the AC source voltage distortion, which may invalidate the test
results. The test will not be aborted however if the voltage distortion is
too high.
duration is shown in the bottom panel. See also the “% of test
completed” indication and the progress bar below the Start Time field.
Left panel During test execution, this field displays the percentage of the test that
has been completed. Once this number reaches 100 %, the test will
terminate normally. If the user clicks on the Stop button instead, it will
display the point at which the test was aborted.
Test Margin Bottom The test margin can be set by the user if a pre-compliance test is
needed and the user wants to set more stringent limits. The test margin
number defaults to 100 % to use the exact IEC limits. A lower
percentage will means the EUT has to pass lower test limits (more
stringent). The value of this field ranges from 50 % to 150 %.
Note that the limit lines in the Graph always display the 100 % IEC
limits. The test margin is only used for Pass or Fail determination.
Test Duration Bottom The test duration is the total test time selected by the user. This value
can be set from 0 to 1440 minutes (24 hours). This value should be set
before starting the test as it cannot be changed while a test is in
progress. If the duration is 0 minutes, then only one window will be
acquired.
EUT Bottom This field can be used to enter information about the unit under test.
The EUT field contents will be included in the test data file and in any
reports that are printed.
Comments Bottom This field can be used to enter any information about the test. The
Comments field contents will be included in the test data file and in any
reports that are printed.
Tested by Bottom This field can be used to enter information about the operator. The
“Tested by” field contents will be included in the test data file and in any
reports that are printed.
Customer
Voltage and
Current Graph
Top right
panel
This field can be used to enter information on a customer if you are
running tests for a third party. The “Customer” field contents will be
included in the test data file and in any reports that are printed.
This graph displays the AC voltage and current waveforms. At all times,
two periods of the AC signal are displayed. The voltage is shown in
yellow, the current in green. For Class D tests, the special wave shape
template is displayed in the same graph using red. The percentage of
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Field / Control Location Description
the EUT current outside the template is shown directly below the graph.
Harmonics
Graph
Legend buttons Graph
Bottom
right panel
panels
The Harmonics graph panel can be used to display the current
harmonics (green) and test limits (red) during the test. It is also possible
to toggle this display to show the AC voltage harmonics. The drop down
control located at the top of the Harmonics graph panel can be used to
select alternate display modes.
The Legend buttons can be used to display a pop-up window that
shows the color-coding used in each graph.
5.7.1 Entering User and/or Customer Data
Prior to running a test, you should enter information concerning the EUT, the person or department
performing the test and any other information that may be relevant to interpreting or using the test results
obtained from the CTS system. Several fields are provided for this purpose along the bottom of the main
test window. If the test is performed on behalf of a third party, the customer data field may be used to
document the customer name.
The information entered in these fields is added to the test data file and any reports that are printed. The
date and time of the test run are automatically added based on the PC’s real-time clock.
5.7.2 Selecting the Test Period
The test period should be set appropriately for the test mode selected and the EUT at hand. For details on
setting the correct harmonics test time, refer to paragraph 2.4.2 for EN 61000-3-2:1998 mode or paragraph
2.3.3 for EN 61000-3-2:2000 mode. For flicker tests, the default is 10 minutes. You can increase the test
time up to 24 hours if needed.
5.7.3 Setting the Test Margin
The CTS system offers the user the choice of setting a test margin around the IEC limits. This means a
user specified factor can be applied to the IEC test limits. The default value used is 100 % which essentially
means the actual IEC limits are applied to determine a pass or fail result. This is the mode to use for actual
compliance testing.
Setting this margin to a value below 100 % can be useful for pre-compliance testing. Selecting a lower
margin means the test is more stringent. If the EUT can pass the more stringent test, it is more than likely
to pass when submitted to an independent test lab. Setting the margin above 100 % means you are
“loosening” the limits allowing EUT’s to pass that would normally fail. This mode is not recommended.
5.8
Running the Harmonics Test
Before starting a test, make sure all user fields are set correctly. Changes to these fields are no longer
possible once a test is in progress. Also make sure the EUT is connected to the AC output of the PACS-375 unit and the correct AC line voltage is programmed on the AC source.
A test run is started by clicking on the Start button. During test execution, the “% of test completed” field on
the left of the main window displays the percentage of the test that has been completed. Once this number
reaches 100 %, the test will terminate normally. If you click on the Stop button instead, it will display the
point at which the test was aborted.
Over 16 Amps Message
It is possible that a message box pops up as the test is started informing the operator that the EUT RMS
current per phase exceeds the IEC61000-3-2 test standard requirement of no more than 16 Arms. In that
case, the IEC61000-3-12 test should be used instead. This requires the CTSMXL software. (CI P/N
CIC652). This message can be suppressed if desired by changing one of the configuration files located in
the CTSMXL application directory. The file is a text file named "ctsmxl.defaults" and can be edited using
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Windows Notepad or a similar text editor. Open the file and locate the entry called "over16amps = 1". To
disable this message pop-up, change to called "over16amps = 0" and save the file.
During the test execution, the CTSMXL software will continuously evaluate the EUT current harmonics
against the appropriate class limits. The Pass or Fail indication is updated in real-time. If the test fails early
in a long test period, you may elect to abort the test prematurely rather than waiting till the end.
5.8.1 Voltage and Current Waveform Graphs
The top graph continuously displays two signal periods of the AC voltage (yellow) and current (green)
waveforms. For Classes A and D tests, it also shows the special current wave shape template in red.
Alternate display modes can be selected from the drop down combo at the top of the graph.
5.8.2 Voltage and Current Harmonics Graphs
The bottom graph serves a dual purpose. During the test run, it can be used to show either the current or
the voltage harmonics. In either mode, the IEC test limits are displayed using a red line for the current
harmonic limits and a green line for the voltage harmonic limits.
Note: The voltage harmonic limits apply to the AC source qualification and may indicate that the current
harmonics are affected due to AC voltage distortion. In this case, distortion compensation is
automatically applied,which is shown on the left hand side of the main window.
When displaying the current harmonics, the actual harmonic currents from the second through the fortieth
for each acquisition window are shown in green. The IEC test limits are shown using a red line. Note that
this red line always displays the 100 % IEC test limits during Steady State testing, regardless of the user
specified test margin which is used for the Pass or Fail determination. (see "Setting the Test Margin" ,
found in paragraph 5.7.3).
Note: The fundamental current is not shown in the harmonics graphs as there is no test limit for the
fundamental.
5.8.3 Aborting a Test
Tests in progress can be aborted at any time by clicking on the Stop button. Aborted test data files will be
marked as incomplete.
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5.9
Printing Results
The Report button allows you to print both on-screen graphs displays and current and voltage harmonics
test result data to an MS Word document. This provides a test report that displays the test setup, the Pass
or Fail result and a graph of the voltage and current waveform as well as the worst case values for each of
the current harmonics. The Report button is available at the end of a test run or any time a test is aborted
with the Stop button.
Information included on the harmonic test report will be a function of the selected test mode and EUT
connection stage. The following fields provide this information:
Heading:
Test category: Selected Stage and EUT type.
Current Test Result Summary
Test Result Overall Pass or Fail result
Highest parameters recorded during the test.
V_RMS EUT Voltage Line to Neutral
I_Peak Maximum peak current recorded
I_Fund Maximum fundamental current recorded (I1)
Power Maximum power level recorded
I_RMS Maximum RMS current recorded
Crest Factor
Power Factor
Harmonic Currents Table:
Harmonic number (#) Only harmonics for which limits apply are shown.
Harms (Avg) Average harmonics value (1.5 sec smoothing
filter applied)
100% Limit Absolute current value of 100 % limit for each
harmonic
% of Limit Percent of 100 % limit for each harmonic
Harms (Max) Maximum harmonic value recorded during test.
150% Limit Absolute current value of 150 % limit for each
harmonic
% of Limit Percent of 150 % limit for each harmonic
maximum
Status Individual harmonics pass or fail result (based on
100% and 150% limits)
Voltage Source Verification Data
The third page of the report contains data on the source voltage. If needed, the CTSMXL software will
compensate for voltage distortion that would affect the harmonic current results. This will be indicated.
Note that the overall EUT test results is repeated in the header of this page. This pass or fail does not
apply to the AC source.
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5.10
5.11
Report Templates
Test reports are based on report templates. Each test mode (harmonics or flicker) and phase mode (single
or three-phase) requires a different report template. The CTSMXL program selects the correct template
automatically so this is transparent to the user.
All report templates are distributed with the program and are located in the following directory:
C:\Program Files\California Instruments\Ctsmxl\report_files\templates
If these files are accidentally moved, deleted or damaged, report printing will not function and the template
files have to be restored. This may be done by re-installing the program if needed.
Harmonics Test Data Files
The CTSMXL Software can be configured to log test data to a file. The file format used is proprietary but
can be converted at the end of the test to an ASCII text file with tab delimited fields for voltage, current,
power, peak current and all the current harmonics. This data is recorded in real-time or three to four times a
second.
Longer test times will result in larger test data files and reports. If you increase the test time, make sure you
have sufficient hard disk space available to accommodate these long test files. The rate at which data is
written to disk can be decreased to avoid excessive file sizes. The point at which the program will reduce
the rate of data storage can be set in the configuration. Should a test failure occur while the CTSMXL
program is in this reduced data rate recording mode, full rate data recording resumes for a specified
number of acquisition buffers. This always provides detailed information around the time of the failure.
These recording rate settings can be set in the miscellaneous section of the configuration program.
Three Phase Testing
Three phase testing is similar to single phase testing described above except that three line voltages and
three line currents are being measured simultaneously and displayed in the CTSMXL software GUI.
The three phase mode screens are virtually identical in function and form to the single-phase screens. The
user can view one phase at a time, or all three phases simultaneously.
5.12
5.12.1 To play back test on the actual test system PC, proceed as follows:
Replay Mode
The CTSMXL Software can be used to replay previously recorded test data. This replay can be done on
the same test system that was used to record the original data or on an altogether different PC.
In order to replay a test, the data acquired during the test needs to be saved to a CTS native data file. If
the save data option is not enabled in the additional setup window for Harmonics, there is no way to replay
a test later. The Pass or Fail result of any run on the actual test system PC is always logged however. If a
different PC is used to play back data, the data files have to be transferred to this PC first. The test data
files are stored in the following directory:
C:\Program Files\California Instruments\Ctsmxl\Data_files
1. From the Test Menu, select 'Replay an existing test'. This will bring up a table showing all tests ever
run on this system.
2. Select the test you want to replay by clicking on its row. If data for this test was stored and is available,
the Replay Test button at the bottom will be enabled.
3. Click on the Replay Test button to start the replay process. This will bring up a standard Harmonics or
Flicker test screen.
4. To start the replay process, click on the Start button. The data displayed will be taken from the stored
data files. The replay mode is indicated in the lower right corner on the status bar.
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5. The buffer rate and speed at which data is replayed can be controlled using the various settings in the
Options menu. This may be required to adjust to the speed of the PC used.
6. The replay process can be halted at any time by clicking on the Stop button. This will stop the data at
the buffer number shown in the lower left corner.
7. Once stopped, the data can be stepped forward or backward at various rates using the VCR style
buttons in the lower left corner.
8. A test report can be printed from stored data in this mode. The actual date and time the data was
recorded will be shown on the report in addition the report print date and time.
5.12.2 To play back test on a different PC from the test system PC, proceed as follows:
1. If not already done, install a copy of the CTSMXL software on the other PC. When launched, the
absence of a data acquisition system will be detected and flagged. This is normal.
2. Transfer the data files to the PC used for replay, using either a network connection or disk.
3. From the File menu, select the Open Data File entry. This brings up the standard file open dialog box.
4. Locate and select the file to be replayed. Harmonics files start with the letter H, flicker files start with
the letter F.
5. Click on the Open button to open the test data file. This will bring up the test window.
6. To start the replay process, click on the Start button. The data displayed will be taken from the stored
data files. The replay mode is indicated in the title of the CTS software.
7. The buffer rate and speed at which data is replayed can be controlled using the various settings in the
Options menu. This may be required to adjust to the speed of the PC used.
8. The replay process can be halted at any time by clicking on the Stop button. This will stop the data at
the buffer number shown in the lower left corner.
9. Once stopped, the data can be stepped forward or backward at various rates using the VCR style
buttons in the lower left corner.
10. A test report can be printed from stored data in this mode. The actual date and time the data was
recorded will be shown on the report in addition the report print date and time.
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5.12.3 Harmonics Replay Options
Data replay capability is an important diagnostic feature of the CTSMXL system. The end user has a great
deal of control over the replay process. These user settings are located in the Options menu. The
following options are available to control the replay process:
Menu Item Description
Recall Type This option offers four choices for playback of data. Data is stored in acquisition
windows or buffers. For Harmonics, acquisition windows are either 10, 12 or 16
cycles. For Flicker, acquisition windows are 1 second each. Available recall
choices are:
Every Window: Every acquisition window is shown
Every failed/distorted
Window
Every Failed Source
Window
Every Failed Current
Window
Recall Size Amount of acquisition buffers or windows to be loaded from disk to memory during
playback. The more windows are loaded, the further the user can back up in the
data stream during playback. Thus, when selecting 100 buffers, the replay can be
stopped and reversed up to 100 buffers.
The recall size ranges from 0 to 1000 buffers.
Replay Delay Selects the time to wait between display data buffers during replay mode. On a
fast PC, it may be useful to increase this time or the replay will run by too fast to
see anything meaningful.
Available delay times between buffers are 0.0 seconds for the fastest speed to 5.0
seconds for the slowest speed. During delay, you can click on the pause button to
pause.
Display Rate This setting determines how many buffers are skipped for display purposes. While
all data buffers are read from disk, only the selected buffer interval set here is
displayed in the graphs.
Available rates range from Every Acquisition to All the way to the End. The last
setting means the data is read from disk all at once and the last buffer is displayed
right away. The user can then back up using the VCR style keys in the lower left
corner of the screen.
Only acquisition windows with one or more failures are
shown.
Only acquisition windows with high AC source
distortion are shown.
Only
Table 5-3: IEC Harmonics Replay Settings
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6. Flicker Testing
6.1
6.2
6.3
About This Chapter
This chapter covers testing a device for compliance with the EN 61000-3-3 Flicker standard. The relevant
IEC Flicker test part is described in detail.
Principle of Operation
The CTS Flicker software acquires, stores, processes and analyzes the EUT data in real-time and provides
continuous display updates on all Flicker parameters. Voltage time domain data is collected, the rms
voltage value is calculated for each half period of the signal or every 10 mseconds, and the measurement
data is written to disk for 100 consecutive acquisition periods or once every second.
This allows the operator to monitor the progress of the flicker test and, should a failure occur before the end
of the test run, abort the test if needed. Since flicker test can run for several hours, this will avoid needless
waiting for tests to finish on a EUT that already failed the IEC requirements.
In order to run the real-time Flicker test, you need a 1.2 GHz Pentium PC or better. This is caused by the
amount of data that needs to be processed to perform flicker evaluation. Slower PC’s will not be able to
process the data in real-time.
Running a Flicker Test
Running a flicker test is similar to running a harmonics test. Launch CTSMXL and select flicker test in the
set up screen. Then select appropriate test parameters and click OK to continue. You will be presented
with a test screen similar to that of harmonics.
Note: The OMNI-3-37MX supports EUT load currents up to 37 Arms in FLICKER mode and 54 Arms in
BYPASS mode. Any time the OMNI-3-37MX is connected between the MX and the EUT, the
programmable current limit of the MX MUST BE SET TO NO MORE THAN 37 Arms during flicker tests.
If not, serious damage to the OMNI-3-37MX could result. This type of damage resulting form use above
it’s current rating is not covered under the normal product warranty.
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Figure 6-1: Flicker Test Window
The flicker test window has several user accessible fields and controls. The following table briefly describes
the purpose of each field and control.
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Field / Control Location Description
Power
button
Start button Upper left
Stop button Upper left
Report Button Upper left
Power Button Upper left
Frequency Left Panel Displays signal frequency
V-rms (volt) Left Panel Displays Voltage rms value
Test Start Time Left panel This field always shows the start time of the test in progress. The test
Highest dc %
Highest d
max
Highest dt %
Highest Psti Left panel Displays the highest Short Term Flicker value found so far during the test.
Highest Plt Left panel Displays the highest Long Term Flicker value (Plt) found so far during the
%
Upper left
corner
corner
corner
corner
corner
Left panel
Left panel
Left panel
Click on Power to toggle the power source output voltage, unless power
source is already programmed to 230V. The Flicker module can be
configured to turn off the power after every test, in that case therefore, the
user will have to click Power On before starting the test.
Starts the flicker test using presently selected parameters. Once a test is
running, parameter cannot be changed. Starting a test also causes data to
be written to the test data file.
Stop the acquisition process. The Stop button can be used to abort a test
prematurely. The data files will be closed and will only contain data up to
the point at which the test was aborted.
Used to produce a test report in WORD. A WORD must be installed to
generate the report.
Can manually toggle the power on/off. A PC to power source
communication is needed before it is enabled.
duration is shown in the bottom panel.
Displays the highest Relative Steady State voltage change (dc) in % found
so far during the test. This represents the difference between two adjacent
steady-state voltages relative to the nominal voltage. The standard
requires that dc must be less than or equal to 3 % for the EUT to PASS.
Displays the highest Maximum relative voltage change (d
) in %. found
max
so far during the test. This represents the difference between the maximum
and minimum rms values of the voltage change characteristic relative to the
nominal voltage. The standard requires that d
must be less than or equal
max
to 4 % for the EUT to PASS.
Displays the highest Relative voltage change characteristic (dt). This value
represents the change in rms voltage, relative to the nominal voltage, as a
function of time and between periods when the voltage is a steady state
condition for at least 1 second. The standard requires that dt must be less
than 3 % for the EUT to PASS, although it is permitted to be between 3
and 4 % for less than 200 msec.
Each Short Term Flicker severity is evaluated over period of 10 minutes.
The threshold of irritability is Pst = 1 and this value is used as the
PASS/FAIL limit.
test. The Plt period is 120 minutes and is calculated using successive Psti
values. The threshold of irritability for long term flicker is 0.65 and this
value is used as the PASS/FAIL limit.
Test Status Center
panel
Voltage - rms
(Ut)
d
%
max
Center
panel
Center
panel
This field provides a visual indication of the test result. A Green field with
Pass indicates the EUT passes the Flicker test, a Red field with Fail
indicates the EUT causes too much flicker. Note that the condition of this
field is affected by the user selected test margin. To use the actual IEC test
limits, the test margin should be set to 100 %.
Displays the Root Mean Square voltage of the AC source output for each
acquisition window. Acquisition windows are 10 ms for 50 Hz EUT’s and 8
ms for 60 Hz EUT’s.
Displays the present Maximum relative voltage change (d
) in %. This
max
represents the difference between the maximum and minimum rms values
of the voltage change characteristic relative to the nominal voltage. The
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Field
/ Control
Location
Description
dc in %
Plt # n Center
Instant. Pst Center
Psti #n Center
Center
panel
panel
panel
panel
standard requires that d
to PASS.
Displays the present Relative Steady State voltage change (dc) in %. This
represents the difference between two adjacent steady-state voltages
relative to the nominal voltage. The standard requires that dc must be less
than or equal to 3 % for the EUT to PASS.
Displays the present Long Term Flicker value for Pst period number n. The
Plt period is 120 minutes and is calculated using successive Psti values.
The threshold of irritability for long term flicker is 0.65 and this value is
used as the PASS/FAIL limit.
Displays the instantaneous Short Term Flicker value. At the end of each 10
minute period, this value will be the Pst for the period.
Displays the present Short Term Flicker value for period n. The Short Term
Flicker severity is evaluated over a period of 10 minutes. The threshold of
irritability is Pst = 1 and this value is used as the PASS/FAIL limit.
must be less than or equal to 4 % for the EUT
max
Select Test Test
selection
Test Margin Test Margin This field allows the user to set the test margin from 50 % to 150 %.
Graph Display Graph
panel
Graph mode Display
mode /
Print panel
Test File Bottom
panel
Test Duration Bottom
panel
EUT Bottom
panel
Comments Bottom
panel
Tested by Bottom
panel
This combo box allows one of three test modes to be selected:
• Test all Flicker parameters
• Test dc and dt only
• Test Pst only
Additional information on setting a test margin is shown later in this
chapter.
The graph panel is used to display either dc and dt or Ut rms as a function
of time. The user can change display modes using the Graph mode drop
down box located directly above the graph itself.
The Flicker module allows the user to toggle between two display modes.
One mode shows the dc and dt as a function of time. The other mode
shows the Ut rms value as a function of time. Each mode shows a time
windows of about 2 seconds and is updated once every 2 seconds.
This fields shows the currently selected test data file. It also provides a File
button which can be used to change the selected test data file. The test
data file is the file to which new data will be written while a test is running.
Once a test is started, this button in disabled as the test data file cannot be
changed while it is in use by the program. Note that the actual file name
may be too long to fit in the space provided on screen. If this is the case,
use the File button to display the file dialog box which will allow you to see
the entire path and file name.
The test duration is the total test time selected by the user. This value can
be set from 0.5 minutes (30 seconds) to 1440 minutes (24 hours). Note
that a Pst and/or All parameter test requires a test time of at least 10
minutes. The default test time is set to 10 minutes.
This field can be used to enter information about the unit under test. The
EUT field contents will be included in the test data file and in any reports
that are printed.
This field can be used to enter any information about the test. The
Comments field contents will be included in the test data file and in any
reports that are printed.
This field can be used to enter information about the operator. The “Tested
by” field contents will be included in the test data file and in any reports that
are printed.
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6.3.1 Entering User Data
Prior to running a test, you should enter information concerning the EUT, the person or department
performing the test and any other information that may be relevant to interpreting or using the test results
obtained from the CTS system. Several fields are provided for this purpose along the bottom of the main
test window.
The information entered in these fields is added to the test data file and any reports that are printed. The
date and time of the test run is automatically added based on the PC’s real-time clock.
6.3.2 Selecting the Test Period
The default test time for Flicker tests is 120 minutes which provides 12 short term flicker values of 10
minutes each. The user can set the test time anywhere from 0.5 minutes to 1440 minutes or up to 24 hours
if needed. The test period needs to be set long enough to cover the entire operating cycle of the unit under
test. If a test time less than 120 minutes is entered, the Plt will be evaluated using 12 Psti values and
deeming the non measured 10 minute periods to have a zero Psti.
Equipment that is unlikely to produce long term flicker based on its typical operating cycle need not be
tested for Plt. This can significantly reduce the test time. If you are unsure however of the EUT’s behavior,
you are advised to perform a 2 hour test (120 minutes) to verify compliance with EN 61000-3-3.
6.3.3 Test Data Files
The CTSMXL Software can save the flicker test waveform and result during the test if the saving option is
enabled. The file will be saved in the data_files subdirectory. For test #25, the file will be F-
000025.cts_data. This file can be replayed later with the same software.
6.3.4 Setting the Test Margin
The CTS system offers the user the choice of setting a test margin around the IEC limits. This means a
user specified factor can be applied to the IEC test limits. The default value used is 100 % which essentially
means the actual IEC limits are applied to determine a pass or fail result. This is the mode to use for actual
compliance testing.
Setting this margin to a value below 100 % can be useful for pre-compliance testing. Selecting a lower
margin means the test is more stringent. If the EUT can pass the more stringent test, it is more than likely
to pass when submitted to an independent test lab.
Setting the margin above 100 % means you are “loosening” the limits allowing EUT’s to pass that would
normally fail. This mode is not recommended.
6.3.5 Running the Flicker Test
Before starting a test, make sure all user fields are set correctly. Changes to these fields are no longer
possible once a test is in progress. Also make sure the EUT is connected to the AC output of the PACS-375 unit and the correct AC line voltage is programmed on the AC source.
A test run is started by clicking on the Start button.
During the test execution, the CTSMXL Software will continuously evaluate EUT Flicker against the
appropriate IEC limits. The Pass or Fail indication is updated in real-time. If the test fails early in a long test
period, you may elect to abort the test prematurely rather than wait till the end.
6.4
Printing Test Reports
The CTSMXL Software can produce an MS Word based report. At the end of test, the report button will be
enabled. Clicking on the Report button will generate information needed for a report and present an option
to generate a report in MS Word.
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The amount of information and graphs included on the report will vary by test type and will also be a
function of the total test time. If the test time is too short, some data may not be available and will not be
included.
The report header contains information regarding the test selection and EUT nominal parameters. The
overall EUT pass or fail result is shown below the header on the first page. The first page also contains
plots for Pst (1 through 12) and Plt provided the test time is sufficiently long to produce multiple Psti's and a
Plt.
The parameter section following the graph(s) lists the measured flicker parameters, their equivalent test
limits and a pass or fail evaluation for each.
The parameter section also contains the calculated dmax, dc, Pst and Plt.
Report Templates
Test reports are based on report templates. Each test mode (harmonics or flicker) and phase mode (single
or three-phase) requires a different report template. The CTSMXL program selects the correct template
automatically so this is transparent to the user..
All report templates are distributed with the program and are located in the following directory:
C:\Program Files\California Instruments\Ctsmxl\report_files\templates
If these files are accidentally moved, deleted or damaged, report printing will not function and the template
files have to be restored. This may be done by re-installing the program if needed.
Flicker Replay Mode
The CTSMXL Software can be used to replay previously recorded test data. This replay can be done on
the same test system that was used to record the original data or on an altogether different PC.
In order to replay a test, the data acquired during the test needs to be saved to a CTS native data file. If
the save data option is not enabled in the additional setup window for Flicker, there is no way to replay a
test later. The Pass or Fail result of any run on the actual test system PC is always logged however. If a
different PC is used to play back data, the data files have to be transferred to this PC first. The test data
files are stored in the following directory:
C:\Program Files\California Instruments\Ctsmxl\Data_files
6.5.1 To play back test on the actual test system PC, proceed as follows:
1. From the Test Menu, select 'Replay an existing test'. This will bring up a table showing all tests ever
run on this system.
2. Select the test you want to replay by clicking on its row. If data for this test was stored and is available,
the Replay Test button at the bottom will be enabled.
3. Click on the Replay Test button to start the replay process. This will bring up a standard Harmonics or
Flicker test screen.
4. To start the replay process, click on the Start button. The data displayed will be taken from the stored
data files. The replay mode is indicated in the lower right corner on the status bar.
5. The buffer rate and speed at which data is replayed can be controlled using the various settings in the
Options menu. This may be required to adjust to the speed of the PC used.
6. The replay process can be halted at any time by clicking on the Stop button. This will stop the data at
the buffer number shown in the lower left corner.
7. Once stopped, the data can be stepped forward or backward at various rates using the VCR style
buttons in the lower left corner.
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8. A test report can be printed from stored data in this mode. The actual date and time the data was
recorded will be shown on the report in addition the report print date and time.
6.5.2 To play back test on a different PC from the test system PC, proceed as follows:
1. If not already done, install a copy of the CTSMXL software on the other PC. When launched, the
absence of a data acquisition system will be detected and flagged. This is normal.
2. Transfer the data files to the PC used for replay, either using a network connection or disk.
3. From the File menu, select the Open Data File entry, This brings up the standard file open dialog box.
4. Locate and select the file to be replayed. Harmonics files start with the letter H, flicker files start with
the letter F.
5. Click on the Open button to open the test data file. This will bring up the standard setup screen
showing the settings that were used to acquire this data.
6. Click on OK to proceed to the main test window.
7. To start the replay process, click on the Start button. The data displayed will be taken from the stored
data files.
8. The buffer rate and speed at which data is replayed can be controlled using the various settings in the
Options menu. This may be required to adjust to the speed of the PC used.
9. The replay process can be halted at any time by clicking on the Stop button. This will stop the data at
the buffer number shown in the lower left corner.
10. Once stopped, the data can be stepped forward or backward at various rates using the VCR style
buttons in the lower left corner.
11. A test report can be printed from stored data in this mode. The actual date and time the data was
recorded will be shown on the report in addition the report print date and time.
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6.5.3 Flicker Replay Options
Data replay capability is an important diagnostic feature of the CTSMXL system. The end user has a great
deal of control over the replay process. These user settings are located in the Options menu. The
following options are available to control the replay process:
Menu Item Description
Recall Type This option offers four choices for playback of data. Data is stored in acquisition
windows or buffers. For Harmonics, acquisition windows are either 10, 12 or 16
cycles. For Flicker, acquisition windows are 1 second. Available recall choices
are:
Every Window: Every acquisition window is shown
Every failed/distorted
Window
Every Failed Source
Window
Every Failed Current
Window
Recall Size Amount of acquisition buffers or windows to be loaded from disk to memory during
playback. The more windows are loaded, the further the user can back up in the
data stream during playback. Thus, when selecting 100 buffers, the replay can be
stopped and reversed up to 100 buffers.
The recall size ranges from 0 to 1000 buffers.
Replay Delay Selects the time to wait between display data buffers during replay mode. On a
fast PC, it may be useful to increase this time or the replay will run by too fast to
see anything meaningful.
Available delay times between buffers are 0.0 seconds for the fastest speed to 5.0
seconds for the slowest speed.
Display Rate This setting determines how many buffers are skipped for display purposes. While
all data buffers are read from disk, only the selected buffer interval set here is
displayed in the graphs.
Available rates range from Every Acquisition to All the way to the End. The last
setting means the data is read from disk all at once and the last buffer is displayed
right away. The user can then back up using the VCR style keys in the lower left
corner of the screen.
Only acquisition windows with one or more failures are
shown.
Only acquisition windows with high AC source
distortion are shown.
Only
Table 6-1: IEC Flicker Replay Settings
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7. EN 61000-4-11p Voltage Dips and Variations (Pre-compliance)
7.1
7.2
About This Chapter
This chapters covers testing a device for compliance with the EN 61000-4-11 This chapters covers testing
a device for pre-compliance with the EN 61000-4-11 Voltage Dips and Variations test standard. This test is
supported through the -411 firmware option on the MX and the MXGUI AC source control program.
Standard Revisions and EUT Classes
The MX Series –411 option supports both the first (1994-06) and the second edition (2004-03) of the IEC
61000-4-11 test standard as of firmware revision 0.31. Older firmware revisions only support the first
edition. Contact ci.ppd@ametek.com for upgrade information. If Edition 2 is supported, the standard
revision can be selected.
Generic tests files are distributed with the CIGui32 program for both editions of the test standard. Files
applicable to Edition 2.0 have ED20 in their file name. Do not mix these files, as the data setup will not be
correct if you do. To load a test file, select the Mode (Dips or Vars) and test standard revision first, then use
the File, Open menu to load the test parameters. Test parameters can be a function of the EUT class. The
different files provided with the program cover the various EUT classes. The relevant EUT class 1, 2, 3 or X
is listed in the file names.
Figure 7-1: EN 61000-4-11 Test Window
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7.3
Compliance Statement:
Based on the hardware specifications of the AC source in use, not all requirements for EN 61000-4-11 test
generators may be met. In particular, the 1 to 5 microsecond rise and fall time called out in the specification
is not met by most AC sources. This is unlikely to have any effect on the outcome of the test however. A unit
that fails a voltage dropout with a 80 microsecond rise and fall time will not likely pass the same dropout
performed at 5 microseconds rise and fall times and vice versa.
Also, the 500 Amps inrush current capability is not met. This requirement does not have to be met if the unit
under test does not draw more inrush current than the AC source can deliver. The peak current pre-test
option may be used to verify inrush capability of the source for the unit under test.
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7.4
Specifying test sequences for Dips and Variations
The EN 61000-4-11 test suite consists of two types of tests:
Dips and Interruptions Simulates short interruptions in AC supply
The user must select the desired test type before executing the test. Since both test types require a number
of test parameters, the test sequence
parameters must be entered in the data entry
grid or loaded from disk using the File, Open
menu entry.
Note that the EN 61000-4-11 specification is
based on common types of AC line
disturbances found on the European utility
Voltage Variations Simulates slow changes in AC supply
network. The test voltage levels and dip
durations required to perform an EN 61000-4-11
tests is not uniquely defined. Instead, different test
Figure 7-2: EN 61000-4-11 Voltage Variation
specification
levels and durations are allowed for various product
categories. Product committees set these test
levels. For this reason, the test parameters used by the MXGUI for the EN 61000-4-11 test sequences can
be specified by the user or loaded from disk. This allows unlimited customization of both voltage
interruptions and voltage variations tests. Up to 100 sequences of voltage dips at various levels, phase
angles and duration can be specified. Voltage variations can be defined by level, rise time, fall time and
hold time. Refer to Figure 7-2 and Figure 7-3 for an illustration of how these parameters affect the V RMS
output under the different standard revisions.
Figure 7-3: EN 61000-4-11 Voltage Variation
specification – Edition 2.0
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Test Setup
The following parameters and controls are available for executing the EN 61000-4-11 test:
Parameter Description
Standard Revision Select Edition 1.0 or Edition 2.0 as appropriate. The edition primarily affects
the voltage variation mode data entry method and the timing of the voltage
variations as indicated in
Nominal Voltage Opening the IEC 61000-4-11 test window will set this parameter to the
present steady state frequency setting of the AC source. If required, a new
value can be entered for use during the test. At the end of the test, the AC
source will remain at this frequency.
Nominal Frequency Opening the IEC 61000-4-11 test window will set this parameter to the
present steady state voltage setting of the AC source. If required, a new
value can be entered for use during the test. At the end of the test, the AC
source will remain at this voltage.
Test Type Available test types are Dips and Variations..
Phase Mode The phase mode used is shown below the class selection. This mode
cannot be changed from this window. To change phase mode, close this
window and use the main front panel control window to select the desired
phase mode first.
Run Starts the EN 61000-4-11 test using the parameters set by the user. Test
progress is shown at the bottom of the window. The sequence numbers
shown correspond to those in the illustration.
Abort Aborts test in progress.
Figure 7-2
and
Figure 7-3
above.
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Test Options
7.7
7.8
The operator may select one or more of the following options before starting the test:
Include Peak Current Test The test standard requires that the AC generator used has the ability
to deliver 500 Amps of inrush current to the EUT. This is neither
economical nor practical. Instead, the EUT inrush current can be
determined using a prescribed test method. If the EUT inrush current
is 70 % or less of the AC sources' capability, the AC source may be
used for full compliance testing. Setting this option determines the
EUT inrush current using the standard method. The test takes about
12 minutes to complete. At the end, the program will inform the
operator of the result and match this against the AC source's
capability. See paragraph 7.2.
Test Results
There is no way for the MXGUI to determine the outcome of this test as a clear definition of a failure can
not be given. The draft standard called out the following possible test results:
“The test results shall be classified on the basis of the operating conditions and functional specifications of the
equipment under test, as in the following, unless different specifications are given by product committees or
product specifications.
a) Normal performance within the specification limits
b) Temporary degradation or loss of function or performance which is self-recoverable.
c) Temporary degradation or loss of function or performance which requires operator intervention or system
reset.
d) Degradation or loss of function which is not recoverable due to damage of equipment (components) or
software, or loss of data.
As a general rule, the test result is positive if the equipment shows its immunity, for the duration of the
application of the test, and at the end of the tests the EUT fulfills the functional requirements established in the
technical specification.”
The user has to make this determination by observing the unit under test.
Report Format- 411 Test Files
The EN 61000-4-11 test module produces a test report when the Print Report button is clicked. Reports
can also be printed from the File, Print menu. Test reports include all selected test parameters and options.
A sample test report is shown below. The report format used can be direct output to a printer, output to a
text file or generation of an MS Word report. The desired report format can be selected from the Options
menu, under IEC Report Setup. MS Word reports are automatically saved in the C:\Program Files\California
Instruments\MXGUI\Reports directory.
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8. EN 61000-4-13 Harmonics and Inter harmonics Immunity Test
8.1
About this Chapter
The IEC 61000-4-13 Harmonics and Inter harmonics test offers range of sub-tests and user options. We
recommend you familiarize yourself with the actual standard document. IEC standards are available
through www.iec.ch. The 2002-03 version of the IEC 61000-4-13 standard is implemented on the MX
Series starting with revision 0.31 firmware. If the firmware in the MX Series AC source is less than 0.31, the
Meister curve function will not be available. Contact California Instruments customer service for upgrade
information. (ci.ppd@ametek.com). The MXGui will automatically disable the Meister curve function if it
detects older firmware.
The EN 61000-4-13 implementation in the MXGUI is based on a first edition of the EN 61000-4-13
standard. This test window is available only if the MX Series unit connected has the -413 option installed.
Figure 8-1: EN 61000-4-13 Test Window
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Tab Controls
The IEC 1000-4-13 Harmonics and Interharmonics test offers range of sub-tests and user options. We
recommend you familiarize yourself with the actual standard document. IEC standards are available
through www.iec.ch.
The following help screens contain information on setting test options using the available 413 tab controls
located along the top of the IEC 1000-4-13 test window.
Tab Description
Test Setup User selected test options, EUT classes and test steps
Waveforms Flat top curve and Over swing curve definitions
Test Levels Sweep frequency ranges and test levels
Voltage Distortion AC Source voltage distortion monitor display
Waveform Display AC Source measured output waveform display
Resonance Points EUT current as a function of frequency and resonance point summary.
The buttons on the left-hand side of the window may be used to start and stop a test run and print a test
report.
Test parameters for Class X EUT's may be stored on and loaded from disk. This can be done using the
File, Save and File, Open menus.
The results of a frequency sweep may be saved to disk for later recall as well. Data files have a .dat
extension to distinguish them from a test setup file. (.413 extension) The Load and Save Data entries in
the File menu are used for this purpose.
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8.4
Test Setup
The Test Setup Tab contains several controls that allow the user to configure the EN 61000-4-13 test to be
run on the EUT. The various settings are as follows:
Parameter Description
Phase mode The available phase mode is shown in the top right corner and cannot be
changed. For single-phase systems, phase A is always used as it is the only
phase. For three phase systems, all stimuli are applied to all three phases.
EUT EMC Class The test standard distinguishes between four classes of EUT, class 1 through 3
and a user defined class X. The user must select class 1, 2, 3 or X. Class X
levels can be set in the Test levels Tab but must be equal than or higher than
class 3 levels.
Nominal Settings These values are normally obtained from the AC source's steady state setting
when the test window is opened. They can be changed before running a test if
needed. Note however than frequencies other than 50 or 60 Hz are not covered
by the test standard.
Test Step Selection There are four main test categories that may be selected. Consult the test
standard for details on each step. Any combination of these four choices can be
made.
Test Options Prompt for EUT status: When checked, the program will prompt the operator for
a Pass or Fail determination after each test step selected in the Test Step
Selection box has been run. If this option is turned off, all test will be run and this
dialog will only appear when all test are completed.
IEC 725 Reference Impedance: If needed, the IEC 725 Flicker reference
impedance may be used during the EN 61000-4-13 test.
Voltage THD: When checked, the test program performs an AC Source voltage
distortion pre-test and displays the result in the Voltage THD Tab.
Source Regulation: When checked, the test program will checked the AC
Source output voltage regulation with the EUT connected to ensure the AC
source meets the test standard requirements.
User Data The fields at the bottom of the Tab may be used to enter information on the
person or entity performing the test, the EUT and any other comments that may
be relevant. This information will be incorporated in the test report.
User selected EUT Class, test steps; options and nominal values are all included on the EN 61000-4-13
test reports.
Test Sequence
The EN 61000-4-13 standard specifies the test flow diagrams shown in the next two pages per EUT test
class 1, 2 or 3. The operator is responsible for following the correct flow diagram.
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EUT’s.
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Figure 8-
EN 61000-4-13 Flow Chart, Class 1 and 2
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EUT.
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8-3: EN 61000-4-13 Flow Chart, Class 3
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