◆
User’s Guide
Management
®
Software
AT-S24
FOR USE WITH AT-8216FXL, AT-8224XL,
AND AT-8288XL FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
PRODUCTS
VERSION 2.01
PN 613-10809-00 Rev D
Copyright 2000 Allied Telesyn International, Corp.
960 Stewart Drive Suite B, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Allied Telesyn International,
Corp.
CentreCom is a registered trademark of Allied Telesyn International, Corp.
Netscape Navigator is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. All other product names, company names,
logos or other designations mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Allied Telesyn International, Corp. reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this
document without prior written notice. The information provided herein is subject to change without notice. In no event shall Allied
Telesyn International, Corp. be liable for any incidental, specia l, indirect, or consequential damages whatsoever, including but not
limited to lost profits, arising out of or related to this manual or the information contained herein, even if Allied Telesyn International,
Corp. has been advised of, known, or should have known, the possibility of such damages.
Table of Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Supported Platform s .............................................................................................................................................................................................9
Purpose of This Guide ................................................. ........................................................................................................................................11
How This Guide is Organized ...........................................................................................................................................................................12
Document Conventions ....................................................................................................................................................................................13
Where to Find Web-based Guides .................................................................................................................................................................14
Contacting Allied Tele syn ........ .........................................................................................................................................................................15
Online Support............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Technical Support and Services............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Technical Support E-mail Addresses.................................................................................................................... ..................... ........... 15
Returning Products .............................................................................................................................................................................................16
FTP Server ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................17
For Sales or Corporate Information ...............................................................................................................................................................18
Tell Us What You Think ....................................................................................... ...............................................................................................19
Chapter 1
Getting Started ...................................................................................................................................................................................................21
Overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Starting a Local Omega Session Using the RS232 Port ..........................................................................................................................23
Omega Main Menu..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Selecting Menu Option s and Chang ing Parameters................................................................................................... ................... 25
Quitting from a Local Session................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Starting an Omega Session from a Web Browser .....................................................................................................................................28
Managed Switch....................................................................................................................................................................... ................... 30
Omega Main Menu Window................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Web Links....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Browser Tools................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Quitting an Omega Session from a Web Browser ........................................................................................................................... 31
Starting a Remote Omega Session with Telnet or an SNMP Management Program ..................................................................32
Connecting to a Remote Switch .....................................................................................................................................................................33
Menu Tree ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................34
3
Table of Contents
Chapter 2
Managing a Switch ...........................................................................................................................................................................................39
Configuring the Switch IP Parameters .........................................................................................................................................................40
Setting IP Parameters.............................................................. .................................................................................................................. 41
Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol ....................................................................................................................................................45
Activating or Deactivating STP and Configuring the Port Parameters................................................................................... 46
Configuring STP Parameters............................................................................................................................ ....................................... 49
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping ........................................................................................................................................................51
Naming a Switch ..................................................................................................................................................................................................53
Resetting a Switch ...............................................................................................................................................................................................54
Reassigning the Default Sett i ngs fo r th e Switc h ... ............................................................................ .......................................................55
Configuring the RS232 Port .............................................................................................................................................................................56
Running Diagnostics ..........................................................................................................................................................................................59
Displaying the Activity Monitor .....................................................................................................................................................................61
Pinging a Device ..................................................................................................................................................................................................62
Chapter 3
Configuring the Ports .....................................................................................................................................................................................65
Displaying Port Status ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Configuring Port Parameters ..........................................................................................................................................................................68
Configuring Port Trunks ....................................................................................................................................................................................72
Guidelines.......................................................................................................................................... ............................................................ 72
Creating a Port Trunk ............................................................................................................ .................................................................... 75
Deleting a Port Trunk ..................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 77
Configuring Port Mirroring ..............................................................................................................................................................................78
Enabling Port Mirroring............................................................................................................................................................................ 78
Disabling Port Mirroring............ .... .................................................. .... ..................................................................................................... 80
Configuring Port Security .................................................................................................................................................................................81
Chapter 4
Configuring the MAC Address Table .......................................................................................................................................................85
MAC Address Table .............................................................................................................................................................................................86
Displaying the MAC Address Table............................................................................................................... ....................................... 87
Displaying the MAC Addresses of a Port............................................................................................................................................ 88
Displaying the Port Number of a MAC Address............................................................................................................................... 89
Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses................................................................................................................................................. 90
Changing the Aging Time of the MAC Address Table................................................................................................................... 90
Static MAC Address Table .................................................................................................................................................................................92
Displaying the Static MAC Address Table....................................................................................................... ................................... 92
Adding Addresses to the Static MAC Address Table ..................................................................................................................... 93
Deleting Addresses from the Static MAC Address Table.............................................................................................................. 95
Clearing the Static MAC Address Table .............................................................................................................................................. 96
Multicast Addresses ............................................................................................................................................................................................97
Configuring a Multicast Address....................................................................................................... ......................... ........................... 97
Changing a Multicast Port Assignment........................................................................................................................................ ...... 99
Deleting a Multicast Address.................................................................................................................................................................. 99
4
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Chapter 5
Configuring Virtual LANs and Quality of Service ............................................................................................................................101
Overview ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................102
Port-Based VLANs..................................................................................................................................................................................... 103
VLAN Tagging........................................................................ .................................................................................................................... 104
Creating a Port-based o r Tagged VLAN ....................................................................................................................................................110
Phase 1......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 110
Phase 2......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 113
Phase 3......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 114
Verifying the VLAN Configuration...................................................................................................................................................... 116
Creating an Example VLAN ............................................................................................................................................................................117
Phase 1......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117
Phase 2......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
Phase 3......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
Modifying a Port-based or Tagged VLAN .................................................................................................................................................120
Phase 1......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Phase 2......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Phase 3......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121
Deleting a Port-based or Tagged VLAN ....................................................................................................................................................122
Phase 1......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 122
Phase 2......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 122
Activating and Deactivating the Multiple VLAN Mode .......................................................................................................................124
Assigning the CPU Management Port to a VLAN ..................................................................................................................................128
Configuring Port Priority Queueing ...........................................................................................................................................................129
Configuring Switch Priority Queuing .........................................................................................................................................................131
Chapter 6
Displaying Ethernet Statistics ..................................................................................................................................................................133
Displaying Statistics for Received Frames ................................................................................................................................................134
Displaying Statistics for Transmitted Frames ..........................................................................................................................................137
Displaying RMON Statistics for a Switch ...................................................................................................................................................139
Displaying RMON Statistics for a Port ........................................................................................................................................................140
Resetting the Statistics Counters ................................................................................................................................................................141
Interpreting the Graphs ..................................................................................................................................................................................142
Chapter 7
Configuring the Omega Interface ...........................................................................................................................................................143
Creating an Omega Password ............................. .........................................................................................................................................144
Specifying a Timeout Value ...........................................................................................................................................................................146
Enabling and Disabling the Access Methods ..........................................................................................................................................147
Chapter 8
Upgrading Switch Software and Configuration Files ...................................................................................................................149
Upgrading the Switch Software ..................................................................................................................................................................149
Using XModem to Upgrade the Switch Software......................................................................................................................... 150
Using TFTP to Upgrade Softwa re........................................................................................................................................................ 151
Uploading and Downloading System Configuration Files ................................................................................................................152
5
Table of Contents
Appendix A
AT-S24 Default Settings ...............................................................................................................................................................................153
Appendix B
Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts ..........................................................................................................................................................155
Spanning Tree Protocol Features ................................................................................................................................................................156
Spanning Tree Protocol Parameters ...........................................................................................................................................................157
Spanning Tree Protocol Operation .............................................................................................................................................................158
Appendix C
Supported Platforms .....................................................................................................................................................................................159
Index ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................161
6
List of Figures
Chapter 1
Getting Started
Figure 1: Omega Main Menu from a Local Session .............................................................................................................................24
Figure 2: Entering a Switch’s IP Address in the URL Field .................................................................................................................28
Figure 3: Initial Omega Window from a Web Browser ......................................................................................................................29
Figure 4: Omega Main Menu from a Web Browser .............................................................................................................................30
Figure 5: Active Menu Option .....................................................................................................................................................................30
Figure 6: Entry Field ........................................................................................................................................................................................31
Figure 7: Omega Main Menu Tree .............................................................................................................................................................37
Chapter 2
Managing a Switch
Figure 8: System Configuration Menu .....................................................................................................................................................41
Figure 9: IP Parameters Window ................................................................................................................................................................42
Figure 10: DHCP Selections .........................................................................................................................................................................43
Figure 11: Bridging Menu .............................................................................................................................................................................46
Figure 12: Port Parameters for the Spanning Tree Protocol ............................................................................................................47
Figure 13: Port STP Parameters Window ................................................................................................................................................48
Figure 14: Setting Port STP Parameters Window .................................................................................................................................48
Figure 15: Spanning Tree Parameters Window ....................................................................................................................................49
Figure 16: System Switch Configuration Menu ....................................................................................................................................51
Figure 17: IGMP Options ...............................................................................................................................................................................51
Figure 18: System Name Prompt ...............................................................................................................................................................53
Figure 19: Administration menu ................................................................................................................................................................54
Figure 20: Terminal Configuration Window ..........................................................................................................................................56
Figure 21: Sample Diagnostics Window .................................................................................................................................................60
Figure 22: Activity Monitor Window ........................................................................................................................................................61
Figure 23: Ping Window ................................................................................................................................................................................62
Figure 24: Ping Results Example ................................................................................................................................................................62
Chapter 3
Configuring the Ports
Figure 25: Port Status Window ...................................................................................................................................................................66
Figure 26: Port Configuration Window ...................................................................................................................................................68
Figure 27: Port Speed Setting for an AT-8224XL Switch or AT-8288XL Switch ........................................................................70
Figure 28: Port Groupings on an AT-8216FXL Switch (Model AT-8216FXL/SC) .......................................................................72
Figure 29: Port Groupings on the AT-8224XL Switch ........................................................................................................................73
Figure 30: Port Groupings on an AT-8288XL Switch (Model AT-8288XL/SC) ............................................................................73
7
List of Figures
Figure 31: Port Trunking Window for an AT-8224XL Switch ...........................................................................................................75
Figure 32: Example of a Port Trunk on an AT-8224XL Switch .........................................................................................................76
Figure 33: Port Mirroring Window .............................................................................................................................................................78
Figure 34: Source and Destination Port Mirror Prompts ...................................................................................................................79
Figure 35: Example of Source and Destination Port Mirror Prompts ............................................................................................79
Figure 36: Port Security Menu .....................................................................................................................................................................81
Figure 37: Limited Port Security Prompts ...............................................................................................................................................82
Chapter 4
Configuring the MAC Address Table
Figure 38: MAC Address Menu ...................................................................................................................................................................87
Figure 39: MAC Address Table Window ..................................................................................................................................................87
Figure 40: MAC Address Table Per Port Window .................................................................................................................................88
Figure 41: MAC Address Prompt ................................................................................................................................................................89
Figure 42: MAC Address by Port Window ...............................................................................................................................................89
Figure 43: Default Aging Time Prompt ....................................................................................................................................................90
Figure 44: Static MAC Address Table Window ......................................................................................................................................92
Figure 45: Static MAC Addresses Per Port Window .............................................................................................................................93
Figure 46: Adding a Static MAC Address Window ...............................................................................................................................94
Figure 47: Deleting a Static MAC Address Window ............................................................................................................................95
Figure 48: Multicast Address Menu ...........................................................................................................................................................97
Figure 49: Adding a Multicast Address Window ..................................................................................................................................98
Figure 50: Deleting a Multicast Address Window ................................................................................................................................99
Chapter 5
Configuring Virtual LANs and Quality of Service
Figure 51: VLAN Example .............................................................................................................................................................................103
Figure 52: Example Configuration .............................................................................................................................................................107
Figure 53: Virtual LAN/QoS Menu ..............................................................................................................................................................110
Figure 54: VLANs Window ............................................................................................................................................................................111
Figure 55: VLAN Configuration Window .................................................................................................................................................112
Figure 56: VLAN Configuration Example for the Default VLAN ......................................................................................................114
Figure 57: Port to VLAN Configuration Window ..................................................................................................................................115
Figure 58: AT-8224XL in Multiple VLAN Mode ......................................................................................................................................125
Figure 59: Example Topology Using the Multiple VLAN Mode ......................................................................................................126
Figure 60: Prompts for Activating/Deactivating the Multiple VLAN Mode ................................................................................127
Figure 61: Assigning the CPU Management Port to a VLAN Window ..........................................................................................128
Figure 62: Port Priority Setting Window ..................................................................................................................................................130
Figure 63: Priority Weight Configuration Window ..............................................................................................................................132
Chapter 6
Displaying Ethernet Statistics
Figure 64: Graph of Received Frames, Switch Level ...........................................................................................................................134
Figure 65: Graph of a Port’s Received Frames .......................................................................................................................................136
Figure 66: Sample Graph of a Single Frame Type on All Ports ........................................................................................................136
Figure 67: Sample Graph of Transmitted Frames Window ..............................................................................................................137
Figure 68: RMON Statistics Graph Window ............................................................................................................................................139
Figure 69: Sample RMON Statistics Graph for a Port ..........................................................................................................................140
Chapter 7
Configuring the Omega Interface
Figure 70: Omega Options Window .........................................................................................................................................................144
8
Preface
This guide contains instructions on how to use the AT-S24
Version 2.01 management software and the Omega ma nagement
interface to manage and configure your AT-8216FXL, AT-8224XL, and
AT-8288XL Series Fast Ethernet Switches.
Supported Platforms
Version 2.01 of the AT-S24 management software is supported on the
following Allied Telesyn Fast Ethernet switches:
❑
AT-8216FXL/MT
❑
AT-8216FXL/VF
❑
AT-8216FXL/SC
❑
AT-8224XL
❑
AT-8288XL/MT
❑
AT-8288XL/SC
Version 2.01 of the AT-S24 management software supports the following
expansion modu l es:
❑
AT-A14 100/1000Base-T Expansion Module
❑
AT-A15/SX 1000Base-SX Expansion Module
❑
AT-A15/LX 1000Base-SL Expansion Module
❑
AT-A16 100Base-FX Expansion Module
❑
AT-A17 100Base-FX Expansion Module
9
❑
AT-A18 10/100Base-TX Expansion Module
❑
AT-A19 100Base-FX Expansion Module
❑
AT-A22/SX 1000Base-SX Expansion Module
❑
AT-A22/LX 1000Base-LX Expansion Module
Note
Refer to Appendix C for additional information on the switches and
expansion modules supported by this version of the AT-S24
management software.
10
Purpose of This Guide
This guide is intended for network administrators who are responsible
for managing the switches. Network administrators should be familiar
with Ethernet switches, Ethernet and Fast Ethernet technology,
bridging, and the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
11
How This Guide is Organized
This guide contains the following chapters and appendices:
Chapter 1, Getting Started, explains how to start an Omega session.
This chapter also describes the Omega Main Menu and how to navigate
around the various menus.
Chapter 2, Managing a Switch, describes how to configure the IP
parameters for a switch, how to set the spanning tree protocol
parameters, and more.
Chapter 3, Configuring the Ports, explains how to set the port
parameters, create port mirrors and port trunks, and configure port
security.
Chapter 4, Configuring the MAC Address Table, contains the
procedures for displaying the MAC address table, viewing and changing
the static MAC address table, and configuring multicast addresses.
Chapter 5, Configuring Virtual LANs and Quality of Service, contains
background information on the different types of VLANs that are
supported by the switch. The chapter also contains the procedures for
creating and modifying VLANs and how to configure the Prior ity
Queueing feature.
Chapter 6, Displaying Ethernet Statistics, explains how to view switch-
level and port-level performance statistics.
Chapter 7, Configuring the Omega Interface, contains the procedures
for assigning the Omega interface a password and for disabling the
various access methods.
Chapter 8, Upgrading Switch Software and Configuration Files,
explains how to download new AT-S24 software onto the switches in
your network.
Appendix A, AT-S24 Default Settings, lists the factory default settings
for the switch and the management software.
Appendix B, Spanning Tree Concepts, briefly describes the spanning
tree protocol as implemented by Allied Telesyn for the switch.
Appendix C, Supported Platforms, lists the basic specifications of the
Fast Ethernet switches and optional expansion modules supported by
this version of the AT-S24 software.
Index, at the end of this guide, is organized according to subject matter.
12
Document Conventions
This guide uses several conventions that you should become familiar
with first before you begin to install the product.
Note
Notes provide additional information.
Warning
Warnings inform you that performing or omitting a specific action
may result in bodily injury.
Caution
Cautions inform you that performing or omitting a specific action
may result in equipment damage or loss of data.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
13
Where to Find Web-based Guides
The Allied Telesyn web site at www.alliedtelesyn.com offers you an easy
way to access the most recent documentation and technical information
for all of our products.
There are several manuals that you will need in order to manage your
Ethernet switch. The following manual contains the hardware
installation instructions for the switch. You can obtain this manual from
the Allied Telesyn web site:
❑
AT-8216FXL, AT-8224XL, and AT-8288XL Installation Guide ,
PN 613-10811-00
The following manual is shipped with the switch and contains an
abbreviated version of the installation instructions:
❑
AT-8216FXL, AT-8224XL, and AT-8288XL Quick Install Guide,
PN 613-10810-00
14
Contacting Allied Telesyn
You can contact Allied Telesyn technical support by telephone, fax or
e-mail. You can also contact technical support online through our web
site.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Online Support
Technical
Support and
Services
You can request technical support online by filling out the Online
Technical Support Form at www.alliedtelesyn.com/forms/support.htm.
Americas
United States, Canada, Mexico,
Central America, South America
Tel: 1 (800) 428-4835, option 4
Fax: 1 (503) 639-3176
Asia
Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, China,
India, Hong Kong
Tel: (+65) 381-5612
Fax: (+65) 383-3830
Australia
Tel: 1 (800) 000-880
Fax: (+61) 2-9438-4966
France
France, Belgium, Luxembourg,
The Netherlands, Middle East,
Africa
Tel: (+33) 0-1-60-92-1 5-25
Fax: (+33) 0-1-69-28-3 7-49
Germany
Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Eastern
Europe
Tel: (+49) 0130/83-56-66
Fax: (+49) 30-435-900- 115
Italy
Italy, Spain, Portugal , Gr eece, Turkey, Israel
Tel: (+39) 02-41-30-41
Fax: (+39) 02-41-30-41 -00
Japan
Tel: (+81) 3-3443-5640
Fax: (+81) 3-3443-2443
United Kingdom
United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway,
Sweden, Finland
Tel: (+0044) 1235-442500
Fax: (+44) 1-235-442680
Technical
Support E-mail
Addresses
United States and Canada
TS1@alliedtelesyn.com
Latin America, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Caribbean, and Virgin Islands
latin_america@alliedtelesyn.com
United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland
support_europe@alliedtelesyn.com
15
Returning Products
Products for return or repair must first be assigned a Return Materials
Authorization (RMA) number. A product sent to Allied Telesyn without a
RMA number will be returned to the sender at the sender’s expense.
To obtain an RMA number, contact Allied Telesyn’s Technical Support at
one of the following locations:
North America
2124 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95131
Tel: 1-800-428-4835, opt ion 4
Fax: 1-503-639-3716
Latin America, the Caribbean,
Virgin Islands
Tel: international code + 425-481-3852
Fax: international code + 425- 483-9458
European Customer Support Centre
10/11 Bridgemead Close
Westmead Industrial Estate
Swindon, Wiltsh ir e SN5 7YT
England
Tel: +44-1793-501401
Fax: +44-1793-431099
Mexico and Puerto Rico
Tel: 1-800-424-5012, ext 3852 or
1-800-424-4284, ext 3852
Mexico only: 95-800-424-5012, ext 3852
Fax: international c ode + 425-489-9191
16
FTP Server
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
If you need a device driver for an Allied Telesyn device and you know the
name of the driver, you can download the software by connecting
directly to our FTP server at ftp://gateway.centre.com.
At login, enter ‘anonymous’. Enter your e-mail address for the password
as requested by the server at login.
17
For Sales or Corporate Information
Allied Telesyn International, Corp.
19800 North Creek Parkway, Suite 200
Bothell, WA 98011
Tel: 1 (425) 487-8880
Fax: 1 (425) 489-9191
Allied Telesyn International, Corp.
960 Stewart Drive, Suite B
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Tel: 1 (800) 424-4284 (USA and Canada)
Fax: 1 (408) 736-0100
18
Tell Us What You Think
If you have any comments or suggestions on how w e might improve this
or other Allied Telesyn documents, please fill out the Send Us Feedback
Form at www.alliedtelesyn.com/forms/feedback.htm.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
19
Chapter 1
Getting Started
This chapter provides an overview of the Omega management interface
and contains the different procedures for starting an Omega
management session. The sections in this chapter include:
❑ Overview on page 22
❑ Starting a Local Omega Session Using th e RS232 Port on page
23
❑ Starting an Omega Session from a Web Browser on page 28
❑ Starting a Remote Omega Session with Telnet or an SNMP
Management Program on page 32
❑ Connecting to a Remote Switch on page 33
❑ Menu Tree on page 34
21
Getting Started
Overview
The Omega interface simplifies the task of managing your Allied Telesyn
AT-8216FXL, AT-8224XL, and AT-8288XL Series Fast Ethernet switches.
This menu-oriented interface, which comes pre-installed on the switch
along with the AT-S24 software, enables you to configure and manage
all of the switch parameters, such as the IP address, the gateway address,
and the subnet mask of the switch. You can also use the interface to
create virtual LANs, view performance statistics, and create port trunks.
There are three different ways that you can access the Omega
management interface to configure and manage a switch. They are:
❑ Using the RS232 port on the front panel of the switch. This creates
a Local Omega session.
❑ Using a web browser, such as Netscape Navigator.
❑ Using Telnet.
You can also manage a switch using a SNMP program, such as HP
Overview; however, this method does not use the Omega interface.
The different sections in this chapter contain procedures on how to start
an Omega management session for each method. The chapter also
describes the Omega Main Menu and how to move through the
different menu selections.
22
Starting a Local Omega Session Using the RS232 Port
This section contains the procedure for starting a local Omega session by
connecting a terminal to the RS232 port on the switch.
Note
If you are managing the switch in a TCP/IP environment and you are
configuring the IP parameters for the first time, you must access the
Omega program locally using this procedure and assign the switch
an IP address and, if necessary, a gateway address and a subnet
mask.
To start a local Omega session, perform the following procedure:
1. Connect a terminal or PC with a terminal emulator program to the
RS232 port on the switch.
2. Configure the terminal or terminal emulator program as follows:
❑ Baud rate: 9600
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
❑ Data bits: 8
❑ Stop bits: 1
❑ Parity: None
❑ Flow con t ro l: None
❑ Emulator: VT100
Note
The default settings for the switch’s RS232 port as listed above are
for a DEC VT100 or ANSI terminal, or an equivalent terminal
emulator program. Once you have started an Omega session, you
can change these values, as explained in Chapter 2, Managing a
Switch.
3. Press the <Return> key.
4. If prompted for a password, enter the password for the Omega
interface. The default is no password. You can later configure a
password. For instructions, refer to Chapter 7, Configuring the
Omega Interf a c e .
The Omega Main Menu is displayed. Refer to the next section for a
description of the menu.
23
Getting Started
Omega Main
Menu
Figure 1 illustrates the Omega Main Menu.
Allied Telesyn AT-8224XL Ethernet Switch 2.0.1
Main Menu
Port status and configuration
Ethernet statistics
Administration
System configuration
Traffic/Port Mirroring
Virtual LANs/QoS
Bridging
MAC Address Table
Quit
Figure 1 Omega Main Menu from a Local Session
24
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Selecting Menu
Options and
Changing
Parameters
If you are using the DEC VT100 or ANSI (the default) terminal
configuration, refer to Table 1 for instructions on how to select menu
options.
Table 1 DEC VT100 or ANSI Terminal
When directed to You must
Select an option Highlight the option by pressing the Up ( ↑ )
and Down ( ↓ ) arrow keys; then press
<Return>
or
Type the first character of the desired option
at the prompt and press <Return>.
If two or more options have matching initial
characters, type the initial characters until the
option you want is highlighted; then press
<Return>.
Enter information (for
example, the IP
address of a switch)
Return to the previous
screen
Type the information and press <Return>.
Select the “Return” option at the bottom of
the menu
or
Press <Esc>.
25
Getting Started
Table 2 shows you how to move through and select menu selections if
you are using a generic (dumb) terminal configuration:
Table 2 Generic (Dumb) Terminal
When directed You must
To select an option Type the first character of the desired
option and then press <Return>.
If two or more options hav e mat ching initial
characters, type enough characters for
Omega to distinguish your choice from the
other options; then press <Return>. To
guide you, the characters you must type are
in uppercase.
For example:
Mirroring configuration
MAC Address Table
If options on a list are preceded by numbers
(1:, 2:, 3:, etc.) or letters (A:, B:, C:, etc.), type
the number or letter corresponding to your
choice at the prompt; then press <Return>.
To enter information
(for example, the IP
Type the correct information at the prompt
and press <Return>.
address of a switch)
To return to the
Press <Return> after making an entr y.
previous screen
Activated options in menus are preceded with a > symbol. In the
following example, the first option is activated:
> Enable this port
Disable this port
When you press <Return> to select a field in which you can enter a value,
the -> symbol is displayed. For example:
System name: ->
26
The -> symbol indicates that you can enter a new value for the
parameter or change the existing value. Once you have entered a value,
press <Return>. To delete an existing value to a parameter without
assigning a new value, type a space and press <Return>. Parameter
changes are activated on the switch immediately.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Note
If you are configuring the switch for the first time and the switch is
in a TCP/IP network, go to Chapter 2, Managing a Switch for
instructions on how to assign the switch an IP address, subnet mask,
and gateway address.
Quitting from a
Local Session
To quit a local Omega session, select Quit from the Main Menu. If you do
not quit Omega from a local session, remote Telnet sessions to the
switch will be blocked.
27
Getting Started
Starting an Omega Session from a Web Browser
This section contains the procedure for starting an Omega session from
a web browser.
Note
You cannot use a web browser to manage a Fast Ethernet switch if
the switch is part of a non-TCP/IP network.
Before you can manage the switch in a TCP/IP environment, it must have
an IP address. In order to configure the IP parameters for the first time,
you must access the Omega program locally using the switch RS232
port; refer to Starting a Local Omega Sess ion Using the RS23 2 Port on
page 23 for instructions.
To start an Omega session from a web browser, perform the following
procedure:
1. Start your web browser.
2. Enter the IP address of the switch you want to manage in the URL field
of the browser, as shown in Figure 2.
Switch’s IP Addr ess
Note
If the PC with the web browser is connected directly to the switch or
is on the same side of a firewall as the switch, you must configure
your browser’s network options not to use proxies. Consult your
web browser’s documentation on how to configure the browser not
to use proxies.
Figure 2 Entering a Switch’s IP Address in the URL Field
28
Links to
Allied
Telesyn
Internet Web Pages
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
The window shown in Figure 3 is displayed.
Netscape Navigator’s Tool bar
Managed Switch
Main Menu Window
Figure 3 Initial Omega Window from a Web Browser
This window contains the fo llowing sections:
❑ Managed Switch
❑ Main Menu Window
❑ Web Links
29
Getting Started
Managed Switch
Omega Main
Menu Window
At the top of the window is an image of the switch that you are currently
managing. (The display will not include any optional expansion modules
that might be installed in the switch.)
You can click on certain areas of the switch to activate windows. Clicking
on a port displays the configuration window for that port, which you use
to set the port parameters. Clicking on the RS232 port displays the
configuration window for the terminal port. Finally, clicking on the
switch chassis displays a window that lists the status of all the ports on
the switch.
The Main Menu window contains the Omega menus. This window is
displayed in a reduced format when you first start a web-based Omega
session. To enlarge it, click on the window. Figure 4 is an example of the
Omega Main Menu.
30
Figure 4 Omega Main Menu from a Web Browser
Selecting Menu Options and Changing Parameters
Activated options in the menus are preceded with a ! symbol. In the
following example, the first option is activated:
Figure 5 Active Menu Option
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Options in which you can provide a value contain an entry field and the
two buttons Enter and Reset, as shown in the following example:
Figure 6 Entry Field
After entering a new value, click Enter to send the new parameter
setting to the switch. Changes to parameters are activated immediately
on the switch.
The Reset button queries the switch for the current parameter setting
and displays the setting in the entry field.
Web Links
Browser Tools
The left portion of the window contains links that take you automatically
to relevant web pages at the Allied Telesyn web site.
The Online Manual link takes you to Allied Telesyn’s technical
communications web page, where you can download product
documentation in PDF format.
The Technical Support link takes you to Allied Telesyn’s Technical
Support web page, where you can learn about the company’s support
services.
The Send Email link allows you to submit feedback, questions, or any
other information to Allied Telesyn.
The What’s New? link takes you to a web page that describes Allied
Telesyn’s latest product offerings.
You can use the browser tools to move around the Omega menus.
Selecting Back on your browser’s toolbar returns you to the previous
display. You can also use the browser’s bookmark feature on
frequently-used views to bypass the Omega menu structure.
Quitting an
Omega Session
from a Web
Browser
To exit from a web-based Omega session, simply quit the browser. It
should be remembered that once you have started an Omega session
through a browser, the session remains active even if you link to other
sites. You can return to the Omega web pages anytime as long as you do
not quit the browser.
31
Getting Started
Starting a Remote Omega Session with Telnet or an SNMP Management Prog r am
A switch can be managed with the Telnet program or with an SNMP
management program, such as HP Openview. This type of switch
management is referred to as remote management.
If the switch is in a TCP/IP environment, remote management is possible
only after the switch has been assigned an IP address. This is
accomplished by managing the switch locally through the RS232 port.
Starting a Telnet management session involves specifying the IP address
of the switch with the Telnet utility. You then enter the Omega
password, if one has been assigned, after which the Omega main menu
is displayed. For instructions on using the Telnet program, refer to the
documentation that came with the program.
For non-IP environments, you can use MAC addresses to connect to
remote Allied Telesyn switches as long as there are no routers between
the management station and the switch.
It is important to note that you can have only one Telnet session
operating at any one time. The session can be either inbound or
outbound. If you have an inbound session to Omega, you do not have
the option of starting a new session (outbound connection). Therefore, if
you are already using Telnet, the Omega menu selection Connect to a
remote system will not be available (described in Connecting to a
Remote Switch on page 33). In addition, a local RS232 connection
blocks a Telnet session and vice versa.
If you are currently in a Telnet session, you must disconnect Telnet after
quitting Omega. Otherwise, future Telnet sessions to the switch will be
blocked. You can configure a timeout value so that the switch
automatically disconnects Telnet sessions after a period of inactivity.
Refer to Chapter 7, Configuring the Omega Interface.
Note
For a description of the Omega main menu, refer to the section
Omega Main Menu on page 24.
32
Connecting to a Remote Switch
If you are managing a switch locally (that is, through the RS232 port on
the switch), you can connect to another switch through the Omega
interface and so be able to manage the remote switch, without having
to end your local session. To connect to a remote switch from a local
session, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Administration.
The Administrator menu is displayed.
2. Select Connect to remote system.
3. Specify the remote switch to be managed using one of the following
methods:
❑ Switch IP address, in the format x.x.x.x
❑ Switch Ethernet (or MA C) address, in the format xxxxxx xxxxxx
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
The switch MAC address is printed above the RS232 management
port on the switch front panel.
Once the information is validated and the connection to the remote
switch is opened, you immediately get the remote switch Omega
Main Menu. You can then use the Omega program to configure the
remote switch and run diagnostics.
The only option not available on the remote switch is Connect to a
remote system from the Administration menu.
4. Select Quit from the Main Menu when you are finished managing the
remote switch.
After you have ended the session with the remote switch, your
Omega session with the local switch is reactivated.
Note
It is important that you select Quit after the Omega session.
Otherwise, you might block other sessions or software downloads
via the network to the remote switch.
33
Getting Started
Menu Tree
Table 3 lists the Omega menu selections.
Table 3 Omega Menu Selections
Main Menu
Selection
Menu Selection Page Function
Port Status and Configuration
Port number 66, 68 Displays and configures the parameter
Ethernet Statistics
Transmit statistics 137 Displays statistics on the number of
Individual port
overview
RMON statistics 139 Displays RMON statistics for the entire
Port RMON statistics 140 Displays RMON statistics by port.
Zero all statistic
counters on the entire
system
settings for the ports on the switch.
frames transmitted by a port or the
switch.
134,
137
Displays the received and transmitted
frame statistics for a specific port.
switch.
141 Returns the statistic counters in a switch
to 0 (zero).
Administration
34
XModem software
update to this system
150 Downloads the AT-S24 software onto the
switch using XModem. Only available via a
local Omega session.
Connect to a remote
system
33 Enables you to connect to and manage
another switch while running a local
management session on a switch. Only
available via a local Omega session.
Ping a remote system 62 Tests the connectivity to another network
node.
Activity monitor 61 Displays the switch’s activity monitor.
Diagnostics 59 Performs a series of diagnostic tests on
the switch.
Table 3 Omega Menu Selections (continued)
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Main Menu
Selection
Menu Selection Page Function
Reset and restart the
system
System Configurat io n
System name 53 Assigns a name to a switch.
Default aging time 90 Sets the aging time for the MAC address
Omega options 144,
IP parameters 41 Configures the IP parameters for the
Security/source address
table
54 Resets the switch.
table.
Configures the Omega security features,
146,
147
such as the Omega password and the
timeout value.
switch, such as the IP address, subnet
mask, and gateway address.
81 Sets the port security level.
Terminal configuration 56 Adjusts the settings for the RS232
System swit ch
configuration
Traffic/Port Mirroring
Enable 78 Enables port mirroring on the switch.
Disable 80 Disables port mirroring on the switch.
Virtual LANs/QoS
Virtual LAN definitions 110,
Port to VLAN
configuration
Assign port priority 129 Assigns a port priority to a port, which can
management port.
51, 72 Activates the IGMP snooping feature on
the switch and creates port trunks.
Displays a list of the VLANs existing on a
117,
120,
switch. Also creates and deletes virtual
LANs.
122
114,
118,
Configures the PVID of an untagged port
to match the VLAN ID (VID).
121
override the tag priority in a frame.
35
Getting Started
Table 3 Omega Menu Selections (continued)
Main Menu
Selection
Bridging
Menu Selection Page Function
Priority weight
configuration
131 Configures the ratio by which high and
normal priority tagged frames are
handled by the switch.
Assign management
port to VLAN
Change the VLAN mode
(802.1Q VLAN or
multiple VLANs)
Gateway MAC address
for Multiple VLAN
128 Assigns the CPU Management Port to a
VLAN.
124 Toggles the switch between port-based
and tagged VLANs and the multiple VLAN
configuration.
124 Specifies the MAC address of the Internet
gateway. Only available when the switch
is running in the Multiple VLAN mode.
Spanning tree
parameters
Port spanning tree
configuration
49 Configures the spanning tree parameters
for a switch.
46 Configures the spanning tree parameters
for the individual ports on a switch.
MAC Address Table
Show all MAC
addresses
By port MAC addresses 88 Displays the MAC addresses learned on a
Get port from MAC
address
Clear dynamic MAC
table
All static MAC
addresses
Per port static MAC
address
Multicast addresses 97, 99, 99Displays the multicast addresses of a
87 Displays a l l th e MAC ad dr e sses lea rn ed b y
the ports on a switch.
particular port on a switch.
89 Displays the port number on which a
specific MAC address was learned.
90 Clears all learned MAC addresses from the
switch.
92 Displays all the entries in the static MAC
address table of a switch.
93, 95 Adds and deletes addresses from the
static MAC address table.
switch. Also creates and deletes multicast
addresses.
36
Table 3 Omega Menu Selections (continued)
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Main Menu
Selection
Port status and
configuration
Port number
Receive statistics
graph (web-based
Omega only)
Enable this port
Disable (partition)
this port
Auto negotiate
Full duplex
Half duplex
Backpressure
No backpressure
Flow control
No flow control
Discard broadcas t
packets
Menu Selection Page Function
Clear static MAC table 96 Clears all entries from the static MAC
address table.
The following figures show the menu selection arrangement.
Ethernet Statistics
Receive statistics
graph
(all ports)
Individual port
overview . . .
Zero all statistics
counters on the
entire syste m
Transmitted frames
statistics
Individual port
overview
Zero all statistics
counters on the
entire system
RMON Statistics
Zero all statistics
counters on
entire system
Administration
XModem software
update to system
Connect to a
remote system
Ping a remote
system
Activity monitor
Diagnostics
Reset and restart
the system
System
Configuration
System name
Default
aging time
Omega options
IP parameters
Security/source
address table
Terminal
configuration
System switch
configuration
Global configuratio n
Port name
Port RMON statistics
Zero all statistics
counters on
entire system
Figure 7 Omega Main Menu Tree
37
Getting Started
Traffic/Port Mirroring
Enable/Disable
port mirroring
Virtual LANs/QoS
Virtual LAN
definitions
Port to VLAN
configuration
Assign port
priority
Priority weight
configuration
Assign management
port to VLAN
Change the VLAN
mode
Bridging
Spanning tree
parameters
Port spanning
tree configuration
Enable spanning
tree by port
Enable spanning
tree for all ports
Disable spanning
tree for all ports
MAC Address
Table
Show all MAC
addresses
By port MAC
addresses
Get port from
MAC address
Clear dynamic
MAC table
All static MAC
address
Per port static
MAC addresses
Gateway MAC
address for
Multiple VLAN
Multicast
addresses
Clear static MAC
table
Figure 7 Omega Main Menu Tree (continued)
38
Chapter 2
Managing a Switch
This chapter contains the following procedures:
❑ Configuring the Switch IP Parameters on page 40
❑ Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol on page 45
❑ Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping on page 51
❑ Naming a Switch on page 53
❑ Resetting a Switch on page 54
❑ Reassigning the Default Settings for the Switch on page 55
❑ Configuring the RS232 Port on page 56
❑ Running Diagnostics on page 59
❑ Displaying the Activity Monitor on page 61
❑ Pinging a Device on page 62
39
Managing a Sw itch
Configuring the Switch IP Parameters
In a TCP/IP network, the Ethernet switch requires a set of IP parameters,
such as a unique IP address and subnet mask. The switch obtains its IP
parameters in one of the following ways:
❑ You assign the IP parameters with Omega using the procedure
described in this section.
❑ The switch obtains its IP parameters from a BootP or DHCP server.
If you have BootP or DHCP, the switch can obtain its IP parameters from
the BootP or DHCP server during startups. In this case, you simply
connect the switch to the network.
The function of the BootP or DHCP utility within an IP server is to provide
IP parameters, including an IP address, to the switch. Whenever you
reset or power on and off the switch, the switch transmits a request
packet to the server every three seconds to obtain the required IP
parameters.
The switch makes three request attempts. If the requesting switch does
not receive a BootP or DHCP response after the third request, it will
operate with a computed pseudo IP address based on the switch MAC
address.
If the switch receives a response from the BootP or DHCP server, the
switch extracts the IP address, Subnet Mask, or Gateway/Router address
and uses these parameters to configure itself until the next power-on or
reset. Additionally, if the BootP response packet specifies a filename and
a server address, then the switch sends a request to the server using the
specified filename. This initiates a download of the operating software
and allows you to maintain the downloaded software on your server.
This section contains the procedure for configuring the IP parameters on
a switch. This procedure is appropriate if the switch is in a TCP/IP
network.
40
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Setting IP
Parameters
To set the IP parameters for the switch, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System Configuration.
The System Configuration menu shown in Figure 8 is displayed.
Figure 8 System Configuration Menu
2. Select IP Parameters.
41
Managing a Sw itch
The IP Parameters window shown in Figure 9 is displayed.
42
Figure 9 IP Parameters Window
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
3. Enter or change the parameters in the window as desired.
Note
If you are configuring the switch for the first time and the switch is
connected to a TCP/IP network, you must provide values for the IP
address and subnet mask. These are the minimum parameters that
you must specify for a newly installed Ethernet switch in a TCP/IP
network.
Unless stated otherwise, a chan ge to an IP parameter is activated
immediately on the switch. The parameters in the IP Parameters
window are described below:
IP address
This parameter specifies the IP address of the switch.
Subnet mask
This parameter specifies the subnet mask for the switch.
Gateway address
This is the default router IP address. This address is required only if
you intend to manage the switch from a management station that is
separated from the switch by a router.
Domain name server (DNS)
This is the DNS IP address. This address is required if you are using this
service.
Default domain nam e
This is the domain name to which the switch belongs. This is
recommended if you are using DNS services.
Manager address
You can enter up to four IP addresses of network management
stations that will receive SNMP traps from the switch. The addresses
are optional.
DHCP Configuration
This selection allows you to control whether the switch will
automatically obtain its IP address from a DHCP server. When you
select this option, the prompts in Figure 10 are displayed.
Figure 10 DHCP Selections
43
Managing a Sw itch
If you select Enable DHCP function, the switch will obtain its IP address
from a DHCP server on the network. If you select Disable DHCP
function, you must assign the IP address manually. The default for this
setting is disabled.
A change to the DHCP setting does not take affect on the switch until
the unit is reset.
Download passwor d
This password is used as the destination filename when you are using
TFTP to update the AT-S24 firmware. For instructions on how to
download the firmware onto a swi tch, refer to Chapter 8, Upgrading
Switch Software and Configuration Files.
Note
This password is different from the Omega password. The Omega
password prevents unauthorized individuals from using the Omega
interface to change switch configuration settings. For instructions
on setting the Omega password, refer to Chapter 7, Configuring
the Omega Interface.
Config download password
This password is used when downloading configuration files from
one switch to another switch. The default password is config (all
lowercase). The Omega interface displays the password as a series of
asterisks.
For instructions on how to download a configuration file onto a
switch, refer to Chapter 8, Upgrading Switch Software and
Configurati on Files.
SNMP Community strings
The following default community strings are provided:
Get - public
Set - private
Trap - public
Location
You can enter a text string to indicate the physical location of the
switch, (for example, First Floor, Lab.)
44
Contact
You can enter a text string to indicate the name, phone number, and
other information to help identify the person responsible for
managing the switch.
4. After you have adjusted the parameters, return to the Main Menu.
Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevents data loops when end stations
in extended networks send and receive packets through multiple or
redundant paths.
Each switch is a learning bridge with the following functions:
❑ Learns source MAC addresses of incoming packets by storing the
information in a forwarding table (see als o Chapter 4,
Configuring the MAC Address Table).
❑ Forwards the packet to the port or ports specified in the MAC
forwarding table. The switch does not resend the packet out the
port on which it was initially received.
❑ Automatically ages out the addresses (deletes the information
from the forwarding table) if a MAC address is undetected by any
port within a user-defined or a default elapsed time (300 seconds).
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
❑ Updates the MAC address table automatically as you add, remove,
or relocate devices on the network.
❑ Determines the best single route to a destination device when
you enable STP via automatic selection of a root bridge and root
ports.
❑ Updates other bridges with topology information by periodically
sending Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs).
The root port is chosen by a bridge as that bridge’s preferred path to the
root bridge. Only one bridge is elected as the root bridge.
Once the STP parameters have been configured, br idges can make a
determination on the best single path to a destination within a given
VLAN. A formula determines the amount of time it takes for the topology
to reconfigure, depending upon the spanning tree values you use. Refer
to the IEEE specification for details.
Most users generally keep the default STP parameters to allow bridges to
reconfigure themselves automatically if the topology changes or if
bridges become disabled.
For a brief overview of STP, go to Appendix B, Spanning Tree
Concepts.
45
Managing a Sw itch
Caution
STP on a switch is disabled by default. If you enable STP, the switch
provides default STP parameters that are adequate for most
networks. Changing them without prior experience and an
understanding of how STP works might have a negative effect on
your network.
Activating or
Deactivating STP
and Configuring
the Port
Parameters
The Omega program allows you to activate and deactivate STP on a per
port basis. You can also adjust the STP parameters for each port. To
configure the protocol parameters for the individual ports on a switch,
perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Bridging.
The Bridging menu in Figure 11 is displayed.
Figure 11 Bridging Menu
2. Select Port spann i ng tree co nfig uration.
46
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
The Port Parameters for the Spanning Tree Protocol window shown in
Figure 12 is displayed. The window lists the ports on the switch and
the current STP parameter settings for the ports.
Figure 12 Port Parameters for the Spanning Tree Protocol
3. To enable or disable STP for all the ports on the switch, select either
Enable Spanning Tree for all Ports or Disable Span ning Tree for all Ports
at the bottom of the window.
If you enable STP on the ports, the Omega interface sets each port to
the default values of 128 for the port priority and 10 for the port cost
for 100 Mbps ports and 100 for 10 Mbps ports.
4. To enable or disable STP for a particular port or to adjust the STP
parameters for a port, select the port from the window.
47
Managing a Sw itch
The STP Port Parameters window in Figure 13 is displayed.
Figure 13 Port STP Parameters Window
If STP is already activated on the port, the port’s STP parameters are
also displayed, as shown in Figure 14.
Figure 14 Setting Port STP Parameters Window
5. To enable STP on the port, select Enable Spanning Tree. To disable STP
on the port, select Disable Spann ing Tr ee. If you enable the port, the
STP parameters for the port are displayed.
6. Change the priority and port cost parameters for the ports as desired.
The options are described below.
Priority
The parameter is used as a tie breaker when two or more ports are
determined to have equal cost to the root bridge. The range is 0-255
and the default value is 128.
Cost
The spanning tree algorithm uses the cost parameter to decide which
port provides the lowest cost path to the root bridge for that LAN.
Higher port costs are associated with ports of lower bandwidth, and
vice versa. The range is 1 to 65535. The default values are 1 for a 1
Gbps port, 10 for a 100 Mbps port, and 100 for a 10 Mbps port.
7. After you have adjusted the settings, return to the Main Menu.
48
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Configuring STP
Parameters
To configure the STP parameters for the switch, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Bridging.
The Bridging menu shown in Figure 11 on page 46 is displayed.
2. Select Spanning tree parameters.
The Spanning Tree Parameters window in Figure 15 is displayed.
Figure 15 Spanning Tree Parameters Window
3. Adjust the settings as desired. The options are described below.
Bridge Priority
This parameter can be from 0 (zero) to 65535, with 0 being the highest
priority. The number consists of a 2-byte bridge priority number and
a 6-byte MAC address. Bridges use this number to determine the root
bridge for a loop-free implementation. If bridges happen to have
equal priority values, the bridge with the numerically lowest MAC
address becomes the root bridge. When the root bridge
malfunctions, the bridge with the next priority number (or the next
lowest MAC address) automatically takes over as root bridge.
49
Managing a Sw itch
Max Age Time
The aging time can be from 6 to 40 seconds. The default is 20 seconds.
All bridges in a bridged LAN use this aging time to test the age of
stored configuration messages called bridge protocol data units
(BPDUs). For example, if you use the default 20, all bridges delete
current configuration messages after 20 seconds.
Note
The aging time for BPDUs is different from the aging time used by
the MAC address table.
Hello Time
Hello time can be from 1 to 10 seconds, with 2 seconds as the default.
Bridges use this parameter to determine the time interval between
generating and sending configuration messages.
Forwarding Delay
The default is 15 seconds. The time in dicates the waiting period
before a bridge changes to a new state, for example, becomes the
new root bridge after the topology changes. If the bridge transitions
too soon, not all links may have yet adapted to the change; therefore,
loops may result.
Caution
You should consult the IEEE 802.1d standard before changing the
Max Age Time, the Hello Time, and the Forwarding Delay
parameters.
4. After you have adjusted the settings, return to the Main Menu.
50
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping
The Ethernet switch supports the Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP) snooping feature to take advantage of performance
improvements provided by IP multicasting. Allied Telesyn AT-S24
implementation supports IGMP Version 1.
Through the IGMP snooping feature, the switch obtains information
about multicast groups by looking at IGMP packets sent from hosts and
routers, and also by looking at DVMRP multicast routing protocol
packets. IGMP packets provide information about nodes joining
multicast groups, while DVMRP packets provide information about
delivery paths. With this information, the switch builds membership
groups of ports for each IP multicast address.
To enable or disable IGMP snooping, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System configuration.
2. From the System Configuration menu, select System switch
configuration.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
The System Switch Configuration menu in Figure 16 is displayed.
Figure 16 System Switch Configuration Menu
3. Select IGMP snooping configu rat ion.
The following IGMP options are di splayed.
Figure 17 IGMP Options
51
Managing a Sw itch
4. Select IGMP snooping to activate the option or No IGMP snooping to
deactivate IGMP snooping on the switch. A change to the status of
the IGMP snooping feature is activated immediately on the switch.
5. If desired, you can change the IGMP sn ooping aging time by selecting
the IGMP Snooping Aging Time parameter. This value, which is
specified in minutes, determines the permitted intervals between
report messages from the multicast clients.
6. Return to the Main Menu.
52
Naming a Switch
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
This procedure assigns a name to the switch. The name is displayed in all
Omega windows when you manage the switch. This can make it easier
for you to identify the switches in your network when you configure and
monitor them with Omega.
To assign a name to a switch, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System Configuration.
The System Configuration menu shown in Figure 8 on page 41 is
displayed.
2. Select System name.
The prompt in Figure 18 is displayed.
Figure 18 System Name Prompt
3. Select the System name prompt and enter a unique name of up to 20
characters. Select Enter or press <Return>.
The switch name must be unique within the subnet.
If the switch already has a name that you want to delete without
entering a new name, delete the existing name and enter a space
character.
4. Return to the Main Menu.
The new name is displayed at the top of every Omega screen.
53
Managing a Sw itch
Resetting a Switch
This procedure explains how to reset a switch using the Omega
interface. You might need to reset the switch to resolve an error
condition or after you have made a configuration change to the switch
that requires resetting the device to activate the change.
You can also reset a switch by pressing the Reset button, located on the
front panel of the switch, with a small pointed object, such as a ballpoint
pen. You can also reset the switch by unplugging the switch’s power
cord from the power source and plugging it back in.
To reset a switch using the Omega interface, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Administration.
The Administration menu in Figure 19 is displayed.
54
Figure 19 Administration menu
Note
The Administration menu will include two additional selections if
you are running a local Omega management session: XModem
software update to this system and Connect to a remote system.
2. Select Reset and restart the system.
A prompt is displayed asking you to confirm the command.
3. Select Yes to reset the switch or No to cancel the command.
The switch will reset itself. The switch runs a series of self-tests that
take approximately 30 seconds to complete. During the tests, the
Fault LED on the front of the switches flashes. Once the tests are
completed, the Fault LED will remain OFF.
Reassigning the Default Settings for the Switch
This procedure resets the switch settings to the factory default settings,
listed in Appendix A. This procedure can only be performed through
the RS232 port of the switch. You cannot perform this procedure
through a web browser or Telnet Omega session.
Warning
This procedure should be performed with caution. Resetting a
switch to its default settings deletes all existing settings, including
the IP address of the switch and the port settings. Any defined
VLANs are deleted and all ports are returned to the Default VLAN.
To reset the switch settings to the factory default settings, perform the
following procedure:
1. Attach a terminal or a PC with a terminal emulator program to the
RS232 port on the front panel of the switch.
2. Press the Reset button on the switch.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
3. Immediately press any key when you see the following prompt:
Hit any key to run diagnostics or to reload
system software.
A menu is displayed.
4. Select D from the menu. The following warning message is displayed:
WARNING: This will erase all current
configuration data!
Continue? Y/N
5. Type Y for yes.
The system displays the following prompt:
All configuration data has been reset to factory
default values.
6. Type B to boot the switch software.
The switch performs a series of diagnostic self-test. The Fault LED on
the front panel of the switch flashes during the self-tests. After the
switch has completed its self-tests and initialized and rebooted the
system software, you must reassign an IP address to the switch if the
device is in TCP/IP network.
55
Managing a Sw itch
Configuring the RS232 Port
The default settings for the RS232 port on the front panel of the Ethernet
switch are as follows:
❑ Baud rate: 9600
❑ Data bits: 8
❑ Parity: None
❑ Stop bits: 1
❑ Flow con t ro l: None
To change the settings for the RS232 port, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System Configuration.
The System Configuration menu in Figure 8 on page 41 is displayed.
2. From the System Configuration menu, select Terminal Configuration.
The Terminal Configuration win dow in Figure 20 is displayed.
56
Figure 20 Terminal Configuration Window
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
If you are running the Omega session from a web browser, you can
display the Terminal Configuration window by clicking on the RS232
port in the graphical display of the switch.
3. Adjust the settings as desired. The parameters are described below.
VT100-compatible / ANSI
Generic “dumb” terminal
These two selections are used to specify the type of terminal or
terminal emulator to be used with the RS232 port.
8 data bits
7 data bits
The default is 8 data bits.
1 stop bit
2 stop bits
The default is 1 stop bit.
No parity
Odd parity
Even parity
The default is no parity.
Full-duplex (echo)
Half-duplex (no echo)
These two selections control the duplex mode of the port. The port
can operate in full-duplex mode, meaning it can send and receive
data simultaneously, or half-duplex mode, meaning the port can
either send or receive data, but not both at the same time. The default
is full-duplex.
Data rate (“baud” rate)
This selection allows you to specify the speed of the port. When you
select this option, the Omega program displays a list of possible baud
rates. Possible baud rates are:
❑ 19200 bps
❑ 9600 bps (recommended sett ing f or f ixed baud rate)
❑ 4800 bps
❑ 2400 bps
❑ 1200 bps
❑ 600 bps
❑ 300 bps
57
Managing a Sw itch
❑ 150 bps
❑ 75 bps
❑ Automatic baud rate detection.
The default is Automatic baud rate detection.
4. After making the necessary changes, return to the Main Menu.
58
Running Diagnostics
The Omega interface has an option for running diagnostic self-tests on
the switch. The program reports on the operating status o f the following
switch components:
The tests also display the following information:
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
❑ Flash PROM
❑ RAM
❑ Serial interface
❑ Main power supply
❑ Redundant power supply, if installed
❑ System fans
❑ Operating temperature
❑ AT-S24 version number
❑ Switch MAC address
❑ Running time
Note
Running the diagnostic tests will not disrupt the network operations
of the switch.
To run the self-diagnostics program on the switch, perform the
following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Administration.
2. From the Administration menu, select Diagnostics.
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Managing a Sw itch
The tests take only a second or two to complete. The results are
displayed in the Diagnostics window. Figure 21 is an example of the
window.
Figure 21 Sample Diagnostics Window
The Flash PROM, RAM, and Serial Interface test results are given as
Good or Failed.
3. Return to the Main Menu.
60
Displaying the Activity Monitor
The Activity Monitor is useful in troubleshooting or in monitoring switch
activity. To display the Activity Monitor, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Administration.
2. From the Administration menu, select Activity monitor.
The Activity Monitor for the switch displays. The example shown in
Figure 22 shows the results of a ping command.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Figure 22 Activity Monitor Window
3. Return to the Main Menu.
61
Managing a Sw itch
Pinging a Device
The ping command allows you to test if an end system can be reached
by sending it an Internet control message protocol (ICMP) echo request.
If the system is connected to the network and operating, it sends a reply
to the requesting system.
To ping another device, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Administration.
2. From the Administration menu, select Ping a remote system.
The Ping window in Figure 23 is displayed.
Figure 23 Ping Window
3. Specify the device to ping using one of the following methods:
❑ By its IP address, in the format x.x.x.x
❑ By its Ethernet (or MAC) address, in the format xxxxxx xxxxxx
If you are pinging another Allied Telesyn switch, you can find the
switch’s MAC address above the RS232 management port on the
front panel of the switch.
The activity monitor reports the results of the ping command. Figure
24 is an example.
62
Figure 24 Ping Results Example
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Performing a ping command from a web-based Omega session stops
after a set number of ping attempts. Performing a ping command
from a local or remote Omega session continues until you stop it.
4. Return to the Main Menu.
63
Chapter 3
Configuring the Ports
The procedures in this chapter allow you to view and change the port
parameter settings, such as the duplex mode and, for some switch
models, port speed. This chapter also describes port trunking and port
mirroring, as well as port security.
This chapter contains the following procedures:
❑ Displaying Port Status on page 66
❑ Configuring Port Parameters on page 68
❑ Configuring Port Trunks on page 72
❑ Configuring Port Mirroring on page 78
❑ Configuring Port Security on page 81
65
Configuring the Ports
Displaying Port Status
The Port Status window displays the current operating status of all the
ports on the switch, including the ports on any expansion modules, if
installed. The window allows you to quickly ascertain the operating
status of the ports by displaying a variety of information, such as
whether a link exists between the ports and the end nodes, and whether
any of the ports have been manually disabled.
To display the status of the ports on a switch, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Port Status and Configuration.
The Port Status window in Figure 25 is di splayed.
66
Figure 25 Port Status Window
The Port Status window contains the following information:
Port
This column displays the number and name of each port, if you have
assigned names. You can assign names to the ports to make them
easier to identify. For instructions on assigning port names, refer to
the section Configuring Port Parameters on page 68.
The standard twenty four ports that come with the AT-8224XL switch
are numbered 1 through 24. The standard sixteen ports that come
with the AT-8216FXL and AT-8288XL switches are numbered 1
through 16.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Link
This column indicates whether there is an active connection between
a port and the device connected to the port. Offline indicates that
there is no link, while Online indicates that there is a link. If a port is
online, this column will also specify the operating speed of the port.
Status
This column indicates whether a port is enabled or disabled. For
instructions on how to manually disable or enable a port, refer to the
section Configuring Port Parameters on page 68.
Mode
This column indicates the duplex mode of the ports. Possible values
are auto-negotiate, full-duplex, or half-duplex. For instructions on
how to manually set the duplex mode of a port, refer to the section
Configuring Port Parameters on page 68.
2. Return to the Main Menu.
67
Configuring the Ports
Configuring Port Parameters
This section contains the procedure for configuring the parameters for
the individual ports on a switch. Port parameters that you can change
include duplex mode, flow control, back pressure, and, for some switch
models, port speed. To view and configure the parameter settings for
the ports, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Port Status and Configuration.
The Port Status window in Figure 25 on page 66 is displayed.
2. Select the port to be configured.
The Port Configuration window in Figure 26 is displayed.
68
Figure 26 Port Configuration Window
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
If you are running the Omega interface from a web browser, you can
display this window by clicking any port in the graphical display of the
managed switch.
3. Configure the port settings as desired.
A change to a port setting is activated immediately on the port. The
parameters are described below.
Receive Statistics Graph
This option displays performanc e statistics for the port, speci fically
the number and types of frames and errors that have occurred on the
port. For further information on port statistics, refer to Chapter 6,
Displaying Ethernet Statistics.
Note
This option is not available from a Telnet or local Omega session. To
display port statistics from a Telnet or local Omega session, select
Ethernet statistics from the main menu. This option is explained in
Chapter 6.
Enable this port
Disable (partition) this port
These selections allow you to manually disable a port in the switch so
that it no longer receives or sends packets. You might want to disable
a port if a problem occurs with the node or cable connected to the
port. Once the problem has been fixed, you can enable the port again
to resume normal operation. You can also disable an unused port to
secure it from unauthorized connections. The default setting is
enabled.
Auto-negotiate
Full-duplex
Half-duplex
These three selections control the duplex mode of the port. Fullduplex means that the port can both send and receive data
simultaneously. You can select this setting for a port if you know that
the device connected to the port supports full-duplex.
Half-duplex means the port can send or receive data, but not both at
the same time. Use this setting if you know that the device connected
to the port supports half-duplex mode.
Auto-negotiate means that the port negotiates with the connected
device to automatically configure to the highest common setting.
This setting eliminates the need to reconfigure the port if you change
the type of device connected to the port. Both end devices need to be
auto-negotiation compliant (802.3u) for the best possible
69
Configuring the Ports
performance settings. If a connected device is not compliant, it
should only be configured for half-duplex. Auto-negotiate is the
default for all ports.
If you select the half-duplex or full-duplex setting on an AT-8224XL
switch or one of the twisted pair ports on an AT-8288XL switch, the
prompts in Figure 27 are displayed. You can use these prompts to
select the port speed.
Figure 27 Port Speed Setting for an AT-8224XL Switch or AT-828 8XL
Switch
Note
Setting the port speed applies only to the twisted pair ports on an
AT-8224XL switch or an AT-8288XL switch.
Backpressure enabled (half-duplex)
No backpressure
Backpressure applies only to ports operating in half-duplex mode.
Backpressure is useful when the port input buffer is running low on
memory resources. In the switch, outbound packets are traversing a
single uplink port. When a switch detects that a port input buffer is
nearly full, it simulates a collision so that the sending node will defer
transmission. The sending node will retry transmissions according to
the Ethernet back-off algorithm. Once switch resources are available
again, the switch stops sending the collision signal and the sending
nodes can freely transmit packets.
Flow control (full- dup lex)
No flow control
Flow control applies only to ports operating in full-duplex mode. It
works for full duplex ports the same way as backpressure does for
half-duplex ports except that the switch uses a special pause packet
instead of a jam signal. The pause packet notifies the other node to
stop transmitting for a specified period of time.
Global configuration
This option saves you from having to enter the same configurations
on every port. If you select this option, any settings you entered on a
port are copied to all the station ports on the switch (but not ports on
optional expansion modules).
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AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Discard broadcast packets
Regular forwarding of broadcasts
With this option, you can decide whether the switch forwards
broadcast packets or not.
Port name
The port name field is used to assign a name to the port. Naming ports
can make it easier for you to identify the various ports. A name can
have up to 20 characters. An example is Sales - cube 223.
4. Return to the Main Menu.
71
Configuring the Ports
Configuring Port Trunks
Port trunking is an economical way for you to increase the bandwidth
between the switch and another network device, such as a server,
router, workstation, or another switch. A port trunk is two or more data
ports that have been grouped together to increase the bandwidth
between the switch and a network node by functioning as one logical
path. This increase in bandwidth can prove useful in situations where a
single connection between the switch and a node is insufficient to
handle the traffic load.
Despite the software configuration and physical connections, there are
no data loops in a port trunk. The port trunk always sends packets from a
particular source to a particular destination over the same link within the
trunk. A single link is designated for flooding broadcasts and packets of
unknown destination.
With the AT-8216FXL, AT-8224XL, and AT-8288XL Series Fast Ethernet
Switches, you can create port trunks of two, four, or eight ports. You can
also trunk the ports on an expansion module to increase the bandwidth
from an expansion module to another network device.
Guidelines
When creating a port trunk, be sure to observe the following guidelines:
Guideline 1: Selecting the Number of Ports in a Trunk
A port trunk must consist of 2, 4, or 8 ports.
Guideline 2: Using Ports from the Same Group
The ports on the switch are divided into groups. The ports of a port trunk
must all be from the same group. The ports on an AT-8216FXL switch are
divided into four groups , as shown in Figure 28.
Group A
Ports 1 to 8
Group C
Group D
A
B
100BASE-FX FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
100BASE-FX
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
Group B
87654321
L/A
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
L/A
D/C
D/C
RXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTX
161514131211109
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
RXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTX
L/A
LINK / ACTIVITY
FULL DUP /
D/C
HALF DUP
COL
TERMINAL PORT
FAULT
RPS
PWR
RESET
STATUS
RS-232
PORT ACTIVITY
Ports 9 to 16
Figure 28 Port Groupings on an AT-8216FXL Switch (Model AT-
8216FXL/SC)
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AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
The ports on the AT-8224XL Switch are divided into five groups, as
illustrated in Figure 29.
10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX
FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
A
B
1X 3X 5X 7X
2X 4X 6X 8X
10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX
9X 11X 13X 15X
10X 12X 14X 16X
17X 19X 21X 23X
18X 20X 22X 24X
PORT ACTIVITY
L/A
100M LINK / ACTIVITY 10M LINK / ACTIVITY
D/C
HALF DUP/
FULL DUP
1234567891011121314151617181920212223
L/A
D/C
L/A
D/C
COL
STATUS
RS-232
TERMINAL PORT
FAULT
RPS
PWR
24
RESET
Group D
Group E
Group A
Ports 1 to 8
Group B
Ports 9 to 16
Group C
Ports 17 to 24
Figure 29 Port Groupings on the AT-8224XL Switch
The ports on the AT-8288XL Switch are divided into four groups, as
illustrated in Figure 29.
Group A
Ports 1 to 8
8 PORT 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX and 8 PORT 100BASE-FX
Group C
Group D
FAST ETHERNET SWITCH
L/A
A
D/C
L/A
B
D/C
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
L/A
D/C
10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX
L/A
D/C
100BASE-FX
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
L/A
L/A
D/C
D/C
Group B
PORT ACTIVITY
L/A
L/A
100M LINK ACTIVITY
10M LINK ACTIVITY
D/C
FULL DUP
HALF DUP
D/C
8X7X6X5X4X3X2X1X
COL
L/A
161514131211109
LINK ACTIVITY
L/A
FULL DUP
HALF DUP
D/C
COL
D/C
RXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTXRXTX
RS-232
TERMINAL PORT
STATUS
FAULT
RPS
PWR
RESET
Ports 9 to 16
Figure 30 Port Groupings on an AT-8288XL Switch (Model AT-
8288XL/SC)
The ports of a port trunk must be members of the same group. You
cannot create a port trunk using ports from different groups. For
example, you could use ports 4 and 5 on an AT-8224XL Switch as one
port trunk, since the ports are members of the same group. However,
ports 7, 8, 9, and 10 cannot be combined to form a port trunk on an AT8224XL Switch because they belong to different groups.
Guideline 3: Using Consecutive Ports
The ports of a trunk must be consecutive. For example, you could use
ports 4, 5, 6, and 7 as one port trunk because the ports are consecutive.
Guideline 4: Creating Only One Trunk Per Group
Each group of ports on a Fast Ethernet switch can support only one port
trunk. For example, the AT-8224XL Ethernet Switch has three port
groups, assuming no expansion modules. Consequently, this switch can
support three port trunks, one port trunk for each port group. The
addition of an expansion module in the bottom expansion slot would
enable the switch to support one additional port trunk.
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Configuring the Ports
Guideline 5: Maintaining Cabling Sequence Based on Port Number
When cabling a trunk, it is important that the order of the connections
be identical on both nodes. The lowest numbered port in a trunk on one
device must be connected to the lowest numbered port of the trunk on
the other device, the next lowest numbered port must be connected to
the next lowest numbered port on the other device, and so on.
For example, assume that you are installing a trunk from an AT-8224XL
Switch to an AT-8288XL Switch. On the AT-8224XL Switch you had
chosen ports 12, 13, 14, 15 from port group two for the trunk. On the AT8288XL Switch you had chosen ports 6, 7, 8, and 9 from port group 1. To
maintain the order of the port connections, you would connect port 12
on the AT-8224XL Switch to port 6 on the AT-8288XL, port 13 to port 7,
and so on.
Guideline 6: Configuring the Port Parameters of a Port Trunk
The ports in a trunk automatically assume the same configuration (such
as VLAN membership) as the configuration of the lowest numbered port.
For example, if you create a trunk consisting of ports 4, 5, 6, and 7, port 4
is the master port and its configuration is propagated to ports 5, 6, and 7.
As long as the ports are configured as a trunk, you must not change any
of the attributes of ports 5, 6, and 7 that might conflict with the settings
of port 4.
Guideline 7: Using Expansion Modules
Some expansion modules support port trunking. This depends on the
number of ports on the module, as shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Port Trunking on Expansion Modules
Number of Ports on Expansion
Module
1No port trunking.
2 One port trunk consisting of 2 ports.
4 One port trunk consisting of 2 ports or 4 ports.
Number of Port Trunks
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AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Creating a Port
Trunk
This section contains the procedure for creating a port trunk.
Caution
Do not connect the cables to the port trunk on the switch until after
you have created the port trunk. Connecting the cables prior to
creating the trunk will result in data loops in your network topology.
To create a port trunk, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System configuration.
The System Configuration menu is displayed.
2. Select System switch configuration.
The System switch configuration menu in Figure 16 on page 51 is
displayed.
3. Select Port Trunking in the 10/ 100M Sp eed Port.
The Omega program displays the Port Trunking window, which lists
the port groups on the selected switch. This window will differ
depending on the number of ports on the switch. The example in
Figure 31 shows the port groups on an AT-8224XL Switch. Port
groups 1, 2, and 3 are for the twisted pair ports and port group 4 is for
an optional expansion module.
Figure 31 Port Trunking Window for an AT-8224XL Switch
75
Configuring the Ports
4. Select the port group in which to create the port trunk and enter the
port numbers for the trunk. Select Enter or press <Return>. You can
use either of the following formats to enter the port numbers:
Single, consecutive ports (for example, 1,2)
Range of ports (for example, 10-13)
In the example in Figure 32, ports 10 through 13 in port group 2 have
been designed as a port trunk.
Figure 32 Example of a Port Trunk on an AT-8224XL Switch
The port trunk is immediately activated on the switch.
5. If desired, repeat this procedure to create a new port trunk in another
port group on the switch
6. Return to the Main Menu.
7. To confirm the creation of a port trunk, select Port status and
configuration from the Omega main menu to display a list of ports. All
of the ports in a port trunk are automatically assigned the name
“Trunk” along with a number to help identify the port trunk.
8. Return to the Main Menu.
9. Connect the port trunks on the switch to the end device, being sure
to follow the guidelines discussed earlier in this chapter.
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AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Deleting a Port
Trunk
To delete a port trunk, perform the following procedure.
1. Disconnect the cables from the port trunk on the switch.
Caution
Disconnect the cables from the port trunk on the switch before you
delete the port trunk. Deleting the trunk before you have
disconnected the cables will create data loops in your network.
2. From the Omega Main Menu, select System configuration.
The System Configuration menu is displayed.
3. Select System switch configuration.
The System switch configuration menu in Figure 16 on page 51 is
displayed.
4. Select Port Trunking in the 10/ 100M Sp eed Port.
5. Do one of the following:
Web-based Omega session: Select the appropriate port group and
delete the port numbers. Select Enter or press <Return>.
Local Omega session: Select the appropriate port group and enter a
space. Press Enter.
The port trunk is now deleted.
6. Return to the Main Menu.
77
Configuring the Ports
Configuring Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to monitor the traffic on a port by having both
the receive and transmit traffic on a port copied to another port on the
switch. By connecting a network analyzer or RMON port to the other
port, you can monitor the traffic on the original port without
interrupting network traffic.
The port to be monitored is referred to as the source port. The port that
will function as the mirror port is referred to as the destination port.
When selecting your source and destination ports, observe the following
guidelines.
❑ The destination port cannot be used by a network node, such as a
workstation or server.
❑ Both the source and destination ports must be on the same
switch.
❑ You cannot monitor more than one port on a switch at a time.
Enabling Port
Mirroring
To enable port mirroring, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Traffic/Port Mirroring.
The Port Mirroring window in Figure 33 is displayed.
Figure 33 Port Mirroring Window
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AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
2. Select Enabled.
The prompts in Figure 34 are displayed.
Figure 34 Source and Destination Port Mirror Prompts
3. Select Source Port.
A window is displayed listing the ports on the switch.
4. Select the port to be monitored.
5. If you are running a web-based Omega session, return to the window
containing the prompts in Figure 34.
6. Select Destination Port .
Again, a window is displayed listing the ports on the switch.
7. Select the port where the network analyzer will be connected.
8. If you are running a web-based Omega session, return to the window
containing the prompts in Figure 34.
The prompts should now be showing both a source port and
destination port. Figure 35 is an example.
Figure 35 Example of Source and Destination Port Mirror Prompts
The two ports are now configured for port mirroring.
9. Return to the Main Menu.
10. Connect a device, such as a network analyzer, to the destination port
or use a remote monitoring program to view the mirrored traffic.
79
Configuring the Ports
Disabling Port
Mirroring
To disable port mirroring on the switch, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select Traffic/Port Mirroring.
The Port Mirroring window in Figure 33 is displayed.
2. Select Disabled.
The port mirroring feature is now disabled on the switch.
3. Return to the Main Menu.
80
Configuring Port Security
The Fast Ethernet switch features two levels of port security that you can
use to enhance network security. These levels allow you to control
network access by limiting the number of MAC addresses that are
learned on the ports on the switch. The levels are as follows:
Limited - The ports will continue to learn new MAC addresses up to a
user defined maximum limit.
Secure - The ports will immediately stop learning new MAC addresses,
limiting network access only to those nodes whose MAC addresses have
already been learned.
Note
This port security feature does not apply to ports on any expansion
modules that m ight be installed in the switch.
To set the port security level for the ports on the switch, perform the
following procedure:
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System Configuration.
The System Configuration menu in Figure 8 on page 41 is displayed.
2. Select Security/Source Add ress Tab le.
The following window is displayed:
Figure 36 Port Security Menu
81
Configuring the Ports
3. Select the desired port security level. The levels are described below:
Automatic
This selection disables port security. With this option activated, the
switch will not restrict the number of MAC addresses that are learned
on the switch ports. This is the default setting.
Limited
This selection activates a limited version of port security. With this
level selected, the switch will continue to learn MAC addresses for
each port up to a user defined maximum number. Once the
maximum number has been reached on a port, any frames received
on the port from a source with a new MAC addresses will be
discarded.
Note
Selecting this security level deletes all static MAC addresses. You
must reenter the static addresses. All static MAC addresses are
included in the count of maximum addresses that can be learned by
a port.
When you select this security level, the following prompts are
displayed:
Figure 37 Limited Port Security Prompts
Select the Config MAC address limit per port option to display a list of
the ports on the switch. In the list, specify the maximum number of
MAC addresses that you want each port to be able to learn. The
permitted range is 0 to 255. Specifying 0 (zero) means that the port
will not stop learning addresses. The default is 0.
82
The prompts also allow you to control how the switch will respond
when a port exceeds the specified number of MAC addresses. You can
instruct the switch to send an SNMP trap to the management station,
disable the port, or both.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Secure
This option causes the switch to immediately stop learning new MAC
addresses on all or selected ports. Any frames received on a port from
a source with a new MAC address will be discarded. Existing static
MAC addresses are retained and are used in determining which
addresses are accepted by a port. However, you cannot add new
static addresses to ports with this level of security.
Activating this security level requires that you first specify the ports
that are to have this level of security. This is done by entering the
ports in the Security object port field. The ports can be entered as a
range (e.g., 2-5) or individually (e.g., 2,4,7). After specifying the ports,
select the Secure level from the Port Security menu.
As with the Limited security level, you can also use the Port Security
prompts to control how the switch will respond in the event new MAC
addresses are received by a port. You can instruct the switch to send
a SNMP trap to a management station or disable the port.
Note
A new security level takes affect immediately on a switch once
selected.
4. Once you have selected the desired level of port security, return to
the Omega main menu.
83
Chapter 4
Configuring the MAC Address Table
This chapter describes the MAC address table and the static MAC
address table. The chapter explains how to view the MAC addresses and
how to modify the st atic table. Th is cha pter also contains instructions on
how to configure multicast addresses for the ports of the switch.
Procedures relating to the MAC address table include the following:
❑ Displaying the MAC Address Table on page 87
❑ Displaying the MAC Addresse s of a Port on page 88
❑ Displaying the Port Number of a MAC Address on page 89
❑ Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses on page 90
❑ Changing the Aging Time of the MAC Address Table on page
90
Procedures relating to the static MAC address table include the
following:
❑ Displaying the Static MAC Address Table on page 92
❑ Adding Addresses to the Stati c MAC Address Tab le on page 93
❑ Deleting Addresses from the Static MAC Address Table on
page 95
❑ Clearing the Static MAC Address Table on page 96
Procedures relating to multicast addresses include the following:
❑ Configuring a Multicast Address on page 97
❑ Changing a Multicast Port Assignment on page 99
❑ Deleting a Multicast Address on page 99
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Configuring the MAC Address Table
MAC Address Table
The MAC address table (also referred to as the forwarding table) is a
snapshot of the source MAC addresses that a switch has learned and
stored in its volatile memory. When a frame is recei ved by a port on a
switch, the source address of the frame is inspected to determine
whether the address is already in the table. If it is not, the switch adds
the address to the table.
Each Fast Ethernet switch maintains its own MAC address table. Each
table can hold up to 8,192 addresses. To prevent the table from
becoming filled with addresses of devices that have become inactive
and are no longer sending frames, MAC address are periodically deleted
from the table. An address is deleted if a MAC address in the table does
not reappear on any port after a specified period of time has elapsed.
The default time period is 300 seconds (5 minutes). This aging time is
configurable, as explained in the procedure Changing the Aging Time
of the MAC Address Table on page 90.
The MAC address table is cleared whenever you reset the switch or
remove power. The switch starts to add addresses again as soon as it is
operational and the ports start to detect MAC addresses in incoming
packets.
Each switch also maintains a static MAC address table. This table
contains MAC addresses that are entered manually and are never aged
out. The only way that a static address is removed is if it is manually
deleted from the table. When you enter a static address, you specify the
port when the node with the address is connected.
Note
The MAC address for an AT-8 224XL or AT-8216FXL Ethernet switch
is located on the MAC address label directly above the RS232
management port on the switch’s front panel. You can also view the
MAC address by running the switch diagnostics program, as
explained in Chapter 2, Managing a Switch.
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Displaying the
MAC Address
Table
To display a switch’s MAC address table, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address menu in Figure 38 is displayed.
Figure 38 MAC Address Menu
2. Select Show all MAC addresses.
The MAC Addresses window is displayed. An example is shown in
Figure 39.
Figure 39 MAC Address Table Window
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Configuring the MAC Address Table
The table lists each MAC address that the switch has learned, the
number or name of the port on which the MAC address was detected,
and the VLAN to which the port belongs.
The Refresh button queries the switch for the latest MAC address
information and updates the window.
3. Return to the Main Menu.
Displaying the
MAC Addresses
of a Port
The procedure in this section explains how to display the MAC addresses
of a specific port. This allows you to easily determine the MAC addresses
of the devices connected to a port on the switch.
To display the MAC addresses of the devices connected to a specific
port, perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address menu shown in Figure 38 is displayed.
2. Select By port MAC addresses.
A list of the ports on the switch is displayed.
3. Select the desired port number from the list.
The MAC Address Table Per Port window is displayed. The window
contains the MAC addresses that have been learned on the selected
port. Figure 40 is an example of the window.
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Figure 40 MAC Address Table Per Port Window
4. Return to the Main Menu.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Displaying the
Port Number of a
MAC Address
The Omega interface allows you to determine the port on which a MAC
address is located by specifying the address. This feature is useful in
determining the port that a particular device is connected to on the
switch.
To display the port number for a specific MAC address, perform the
following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
2. Select Get Port Fr om MAC Address.
The MAC Address prompt shown in Figure 41 is displayed.
Figure 41 MAC Address Prompt
3. Select the MAC Address field and enter the MAC address of the device
to be located. Select Enter or press <Return>.
Enter the MAC address in the following format:
XXXXXX XXXXXX
The screen displays a window that contains the port on which the
MAC address was learned. Figure 42 is an exam ple of the window.
Figure 42 MAC Address by Port Window
4. Return to the Main Menu.
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Configuring the MAC Address Table
Clearing All
Dynamic MAC
Addresses
Changing the
Aging Time of the
MAC Address
Table
To clear all of the learned MAC addresses from the MAC address table,
perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
2. Select Clear dynamic MAC table.
Confirmation prompts are displayed.
3. Select Yes to clear the table or No to cancel the procedure.
If you select Yes, all MAC addresses are deleted from the switch’s
dynamic MAC address table.
4. Return to the Main Menu.
When a switch detects a packet with a source MAC address that it has
not seen before, the switch stores the MAC address in its address table.
This means the switch has learned about the device that sent packets to
the switch. The MAC address table is updated as new MAC addresses are
detected. If a MAC address listed in the address table does not appear on
any port after a specified period of time, the switch deletes that address
from the table. This time period is referred to as the aging time. You can
adjust this parameter. The default aging time is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
To specify a new aging time for the MAC address table, perform the
following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select System Configuration.
The System Configuration menu in Figure 8 on page 41 is displayed.
2. Select Default Aging Time.
The prompt in Figure 43 is displayed.
Figure 43 Default Aging Time Prompt
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3. Select the Default Aging Time entry field and enter a new value (in
seconds). The default is 300 seconds. The maximum is 999 seconds.
Note
Entering a value of 0 (zero) deactivates the MAC aging time
parameter. MAC addresses continue to be added to the table until
the table is full. Once the table is full, any frame with a new MAC
address will be flooded to all appropriate ports.
4. Return to the Main Menu.
91
Configuring the MAC Address Table
Static MAC Address Table
The static MAC table contains a list of the MAC addresses that have been
entered manually. You can use the table to specify the MAC addresses of
devices that are connected to ports that might not be learned through
the dynamic learning process of the switch. Entering static MAC
addresses ensures that certain devices have access to the switch ports,
because aging time, power failures, or switch resets do not affect the
static MAC table.
Displaying the
Static MAC
Address Table
To display the static address table for a switch, perform the following
procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address Table menu in Figure 38 on page 87 is displayed.
2. Select All static MAC addresses.
The screen displays previously-added static MAC addresses, their
ports, and the VLANs to which the ports belong. The display is for
viewing purposes only. Figure 44 is an example of the table.
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Figure 44 Static MAC Address Table Window
3. Return to the Main Menu.
AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Adding Addresses
to the Stati c MA C
Address Table
To add MAC addresses to the static MAC address table, perform the
following procedure:
1. Compile a list of the MAC addresses of the devices to be added to the
table.
Note
You can assign only one static MAC address per port on the switch.
2. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address Table menu shown in Figure 38 on page 87 is
displayed.
3. Select Per port stati c MAC addresse s.
A list of the ports on the switch is displayed.
4. Select the port where you want to add the static MAC address.
The window in Figure 45 is displayed. The window lists the static
addresses already defined for the selected port.
Figure 45 Static MAC Addresses Per Port Window
5. Select Add MAC Address.
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Configuring the MAC Address Table
The window in Figure 46 is displayed. You use this window to specify
the MAC address of the device you want to allow access to the port,
as well as the name of the VLAN to which the port belongs.
Figure 46 Adding a Static MAC Address Window
6. Select the VLAN Name field and enter the name of the VLAN to which
the port belongs. The default is Default VLAN. Select Enter or press
<Return>.
7. Select the MAC Address field and enter the static MAC address of the
device to have access to the port. Select Enter or press <Return>.
The address should be entered in the following format:
XXXXXX XXXXXX
After several seconds a confirmation screen is displayed, indicating
that the address has been added to the static MAC address table.
8. Return to the Main Menu.
9. If desired, perform the procedure Displaying the St atic MAC
Address Table on page 92 to view the updated table.
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Deleting
Addresses from
the Static MAC
Address Table
To delete an address from the static MAC address table, perform the
following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address Table menu in Figure 38 is displayed.
2. Select Per port static MAC addresses.
A list of the ports on the switch is displayed.
3. Select the port containing the static MAC address to be deleted. The
window in Figure 45 on page 93 is displayed.
4. Select Delete MAC address .
The window in Figure 47 is displayed. You use this window to specify
the static MAC address to be deleted.
Figure 47 Deleting a Static MAC Address Window
5. Select the VLAN Name field and enter the name of the VLAN to which
the port belongs. The default is Default VLAN. Select Enter or press
<Return>.
6. Select the MAC Address field and enter the MAC address to be
deleted from the static table. Select Enter or press <Return>.
After several seconds a confirmation screen is displayed, indicating
that the address has been deleted from the static MAC address table.
7. Return to the Main Menu.
8. If desired, perform the procedure Displaying the St atic MAC
Address Table on page 92 to view the updated table.
95
Configuring the MAC Address Table
Clearing the
Static MAC
Address Table
To clear all addresses from the static MAC address table for a switch,
perform the following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address Table menu shown in Figure 38 on page 87 is
displayed.
2. Select Clear static MAC table.
A confirmation screen is displayed.
3. Select Yes to delete the static MAC address or No to cancel the
procedure.
If you select Yes, all of the static address entries are deleted from the
switch.
4. Return to the Main Menu.
96
Multicast Addresses
A multicast is a special form of broadcast where copies of a packet are
delivered to a specific group of end stations. This differs from a
broadcast, which is a transmission that sends copies of a packet to all
end stations on the network.
A multicast address is a destination address. Configuring a multicast
address allows you to restrict certain packets to a specific group of ports.
For example, you might use this feature to restrict the number of end
stations that are to receive packets from a server running special
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AT-S24 Version 2.01 User’s Guide
Note
You can configure ten multicast addresses per switch.
Configuring a
Multicast Address
To enter a multicast address into the MAC address table of a switch,
perform the following procedure:
1. Obtain the MAC address of the device that will be sending the
multicast packets. For example, this might be a network server that
contains application programs whose access is to be restricted to
specific users.
2. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address Table menu is displayed.
3. Select Multicast addresses.
The Multicast Address Menu shown in Figure 48 is displayed.
Figure 48 Multicast Address Menu
4. Select Add MAC addr ess .
97
Configuring the MAC Address Table
The Adding a Multicast Address window in Figure 49 is displayed.
Figure 49 Adding a Multicast Address Window
5. Select the VLAN Name field and enter the name of the VLAN to
receive the multicast frames. Select Enter or press <Return>.
6. Select the MAC Address field and enter the MAC address of the
multicast stream that will be sending the multicast frames. Select
Enter.
7. Select the Ports for Multicast field and enter one or more port
numbers that are members of the specified VLAN and that are to
receive the multicast packets. Select Enter or press <Return>.
You can use one of the following formats to specify the port numbers:
Single port (for example, 1)
Several ports separated by a comma (for example, 3, 5, 6)
Range of ports (for example, 2-4)
All ports by entering the word “all”.
You can combine these different formats in a single line.
A port can have more than one multicast address associated with it.
The number of multicast addresses you can configure is limited to ten
per switch.
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After several seconds, a confirmation message is displayed.
8. Return to the Main Menu.
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Changing a
Multicast Port
Assignment
Deleting a
Multicast Address
To add or remove ports from a multicast MAC address assignment, reenter the multicast MAC address and the new port assignments by
performing the instruction in the previous section. This will overwrite
the old port assignments with the new port information.
To delete a multicast address from the MAC address table, perform the
following procedure:
1. From the Omega Main Menu, select MAC Address Table.
The MAC Address Table menu is displayed.
2. Select Multicast addresses.
The menu in Figure 48 on page 97 is displayed.
3. Select Delete MAC Addre ss.
The Deleting a Multicast Address window is displayed.
Figure 50 Deleting a Multicast Address Window
4. Select the VLAN Name field and enter the name of the VLAN from
which the multicast addres s is to be deleted.
5. Select the MAC Address field and enter the multicast MAC address to
be deleted. Select Enter or press <Return>.
After several seconds a confirmation message is displayed. The
multicast address is now deleted.
6. Return to the Main Menu.
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