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SNMP-GSH2402
User Manual
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User Manual
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AirLive SNMP-GSH2402 User Manual

SNMP-GSH2402
24+2 Pure Gigabit SNMP Managed Switch
Table of Contents
CAUTION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- III
1-1. OVERVIEW OF 24 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH ----------------------------------------------------- 2 1-2. CHECKLIST-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1-3. FEATURES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1-4. VIEW OF 24 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH------------------------------------------------------------ 6
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)-------------------------------- 6 1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel ---------------------------------------------------------------- 7
1-5. VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
2-1. STARTING SNMP-GSH2402 SWITCH UP ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail--------------------------------------------- 11 2-1-3. Cabling Requirements------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports--------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module------------------------------------------------- 12 2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch --------------------16
2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch through the Serial RS­232 Port --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------­2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch through the Ethernet Port --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2-1-5. IP Addr ess Assi gnme nt-----------------------------------------------------------------------------20
2-2. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
17 19
3-1. WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW-----------------------------------------------------------------29
3-1-1. System Information---------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 3-1-2. IP Configuration------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 3-1-3. T ime Configuration---------------------------------------------------------------------------------38 3-1-4. Account Configuration-----------------------------------------------------------------------------41 3-1-5. Management Policy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 3-1-6. Virtual Stack-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
3-2. PORT CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48
3-2-1.Port Stat us--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 3-2-2. Port Configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------53 3-2-3. Simple Counter--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 3-2-4. Detail Counter --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58
3-3. MIRROR-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61 3-4. BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------62 3-5. QOS(QUALITY OF SERVICE) CONFIGURATION ---------------------------------------------------------64 3-6. SNMP CONFIGURATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------74 3-7. IGMP SNOOPING ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------76 3-8. MAX. PACKET LENGTH -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------80 3-9. DHCP BOOT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------81
3-10. VLAN-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
3-10-1. VLAN Mode----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------82 3-10-2. Tag-based Group----------------------------------------------------------------------------------85 3-10-3. Port-based Group ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------87 3-10-4. Tag Rule --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90
3-11. MAC TABLE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------92 3-12. GVRP CONFIGURATION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------99 3-13. STP CONFIGURATION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
3-13-1. STP Status---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105 3-13-2. STP Configuration------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 107 3-13-3. STP Port Configuration------------------------------------------------------------------------ 109
3-14. TRUNKING CONFIGURATION-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112 3-15. 802.1X CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 119 3-16. ALARM CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 129 3-17. CONFIGURATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
3-17-1. Save/Restor e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133 3-17-2. Config File--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136
3-18. DIAGNOSTICS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137 3-19. TFTP SERVER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 140 3-20. LOG------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 141 3-21. FIRMWARE UPGRADE---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 143 3-22. REBOOT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 144 3-23. LOGOUT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 145
4-1. CLI MANAGEMENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147
4-1-1. Login ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147
4-2. COMMANDS OF CLI------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149
4-2-1. Global Commands of CLI ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 150 4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI------------------------------------------------------------------------- 156
5-1. RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION --------------------------------------------------------------------- 237 5-2. Q&A------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 237
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Caution

Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge.
To protect your device, always:
• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before
you pick up the circuit device.
• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.

Electronic Emission Notices

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment.
European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission S tandard EN55022/EN60555-2 and the Generic European Immunity Standard EN50082-1.
EMC:
EN55022(1988)/CISPR-22(1985) class A EN60555-2(1995) class A EN60555-3 IEC1000-4-2(1995) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD IEC1000-4-3(1995) 3V/m IEC1000-4-4(1995) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)
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About this user’s manual
In this user’s manual, it will not only tell you how to install and connect your network system but configure and monitor the 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch through the built-in CLI and web by RS-232 serial interface and Ethernet ports step­by-step. Many explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the examples of the operation for web-based interface and command-line interface (CLI).
Overview of this user’s manual
Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed
Switch
Chapter 2 “Installation”  Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”  Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”  Chapter 5 “Maintenance”
1. Introduction
1-1. Overview of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
24-port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, is a standard switch that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. The switch included 22-Port 10/100/1000Mbps TP and 2-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Fiber management Ethernet switch. The switch can be managed through RS-232 serial port via directly connection, or through Ethernet port using CLI or Web-based management unit, associated with SNMP agent. With the SNMP agent, the network administrator can logon the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s activity in a friendly way. The overall network management is enhanced and the network efficiency is also improved to accommodate high bandwidth applications. In addition, the switch features comprehensive and useful function such as QoS (Quality of Service), Spanning Tree, VLAN, Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port Security, SNMP/RMON, IGMP Snooping capability via the intelligent software. It is suitable for both metro-LAN and office application.
In this switch, Port 23 and Port 24 include two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber (LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high­speed connection expansion.
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, Multi-Mode, SFP Fiber transceiver ⎯ 1000Mbps LC, 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver ⎯ 1000Mbps LC, 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver ⎯ 1000Mbps LC, 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver ⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver ⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Base­SX/LX standards.
1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.
For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-21 or Section 4-2-2 for more details. The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after that, the configuration keeps unchanged.
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Key Features in the Device
•
QoS:
Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two priority queue and packet transmission schedule.
Spanni ng Tree:
Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) standards.
VLAN:
Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.
Port Trunking:
Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.
Bandwidth Control:
Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.
Port Security:
Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.
SNMP/RMON:
SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP information when happened.
RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of the SNMP MIB.
The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, Ethernet-like MIB (RFC 1643), Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.
IGMP Snooping:
Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP multicast packets are running over the network.
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1-2. Checklist
Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the following:
⎯ A set of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch ⎯ Modules (optional) ⎯ Mounting Accessory (for 19 ” Rack Shelf) ⎯ This User's Manual in CD-ROM ⎯ AC Power Cord ⎯ RS-232 Cable
Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items is missing or damaged.
1-3. Features
The 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.
Hardware
•
• 22 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports
• 2 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense
• 400KB on-chip frame buffer
• Jumbo frame support
• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 4/Multimedia)
• 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support (IEEE802.1Q)
• Per-port shaping, policing, and Broadcast Storm Control
• IEEE802.1Q-in-Q nested VLAN support
• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power , TP Port1-24: LINK/ACT, 10/100/1000Mbps, SFP Port 23,24: SFP(LINK/ACT)
• Management
• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
• Supports a snapshot of the system Informatio n when you login
• Supports port mirror function
• Supports the static trunk function
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• Supports 802.1Q VLAN
• Supports user management and limits three users to login
• Maximal packet length can be up to 9216 bytes for jumbo frame application
• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or
crashed
• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current
configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI
• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4, such as VoIP
• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more convenient UI for the user
• Supports port mirror function with ingress traffic
• Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)
• Supports 802.1X port security on a VLAN
• Supports user management and only first login administrator can configure the
device. The rest of users can only view the switch
• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access
• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management with
a resolution of 1Mbps
• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail and mobile
phone short message
• Supports diagnostics to let administrator kn owing the hardware status
• Supports external loopback test to check if the link is ok
• TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and config file import/export
• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP
• Supports network time synchronization and daylight saving
• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local
console
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1-4. View of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
Fig. 1-1 Full View of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
There are 24 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 SFP fiber ports for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the power status and 24 ports working status of the switch.
TP Port Status Indication LEDs
Power Indication LED
Fig. 1-2 Front View of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
Gigabit Ethernet Port
Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs
SFP Fiber Port
RESET Button:
RESET button is used to reset the management system.
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• LED Indicators
LED Color Function
System LED
POWER Green Lit when +5V DC power is on and good CPU LED Green Blinks when CPU is activity
10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED
Lit when connection with remote device is good
LINK/ACT Green
10/100/1000Mbps
1000SX/LX Gigabit Fiber Port 23, 24 LED
SFP(LINK/ACT) Green
Green/ Amber
Blinks when any traffic is present Off when cable connection is not good Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active Lit ember when 100Mbps speed is active Off when 10Mbps speed is active
Lit when connection with the remote device is good Blinks when any traffic is present Off when module connection is not good
Table1-1
1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel
One RS-232 DB-9 interface is offered for configuration or management.
RS-232 DB-9 Connector
AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz
Fig. 1-3 Rear View of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
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1-5. View of the Optional Modules
In the switch, Port 23~24 includes two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber (LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high­speed connection expansion; the following are optional SFP types provided for the switch:
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber transceiver (SFP.0LC.202) ⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver (SFP.0LC.212.10) ⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver (SFP.0LC.212.30) ⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver (SFP.0LC.212.50) ⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 1, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
(SFP.0BL.621.201)
⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 2, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
(SFP.0BL.621.202)
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver with DDM
(SFP.DLC.212.10)
Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
Fig. 1-5 Front View of 1000Base-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
8
r
2. Installation
2-1. Starting SNMP-GSH2402 Switch Up
This section will give users a quick start for:
- Hardware and Cable Installation
- Management Station Installation
- Software booting and configuration
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge ⇒ Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power
source
• Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the switch
Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.
• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:
The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or u nplug it before or after powering on.
1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis
2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector
Fig. 2-1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceive
3. Install the media cable for network connection
4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
slot(s)
5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done
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• TP Port and Cable Installation
⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of
cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in 10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and crossed-over (Cable pi n-outs for RJ -45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used. It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.
⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the
other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a server.
⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a
Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.
Now, you can start having the switch in operation.
• Power On
The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the system.
• Firmware Loading
After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.
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2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail
Fig. 2-2
Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan
at both sides of the chassis.
⇒ Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge. ⇒ Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2). ⇒ Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper
position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements
To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse specification will render the LAN to work poorly.
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2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports
⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection
⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters.
⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection
⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module
It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports. They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there mainly are LC and BIDI LC.
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310nm SFP module
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550nm SFP module
The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not listed here are available upon request.
Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet 1000SX 850nm
1000Base­LX/LHX/XD/ZX
1000Base-LX Single Fiber (BIDI LC)
Table2-1
Multi-mode 62.5/125μm Multi-mode 50/125μm
Modal
Bandwidth
160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m 200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m
Single-mode Fiber 9/125μm Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km
Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50Km Single-Mode
Single-Mode
Distance
*20Km
*20Km
Modal Bandwidth
TX(Transmit) 1310nm RX(Receive) 1550nm
TX(Transmit) 1550nm RX(Receive) 1310nm
Distance
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2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
• Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3 series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) a re as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56 Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01μs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the long haul connection.
• Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.
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Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access
each other (See Fig. 2-3).
Fig. 2-3 No VLAN Configuration Diagram
If VLAN is enabled and configured, each node in the network that can communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.
Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch supports both port-based VLAN and tag-based VLAN. They are different in practical deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it works and what the difference they are.
Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4).
Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram
1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.
2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.
3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups at one switch.
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Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-5).
Fig. 2-5 Port-based VLAN Diagram
1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.
2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could access VLAN4 members.
3. VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.
4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could access VLAN2 members.
Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID (See Fig. 2-6).
Fig. 2-6 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram
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2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed
Switch
We offer you three ways to startup the switch management function. They are RS-232 console, CLI, and Web. Users can use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch. You can touch them through the following procedures.
Section 2-1-4-1: Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed
Switch through the Serial RS-232 Port
Section 2-1-4-2: Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed
Switch through the Ethernet Port
Note: Please first modify the IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway and DNS
through RS-232 console, and then do the next.
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2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
through the Serial RS-232 Port
To perform the configuration through RS-232 console port, the switch’s serial port must be directly connected to a DCE device, for example, a PC, through RS-232 cable with DB-9 connector. Next, run a terminal emulator with the default setting of the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.
In the switch, RS-232 interface only supports baud rate 57.6k bps with 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.
RS-232
Terminal or Terminal Emulator
To configure the switch, please follow the procedures below:
RS-232 cable with female DB-9 connector at both ends
AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz RS-232 DB-9 Connector
24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch Default IP Setting: IP address = 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Fig. 2-7
1. Find the RS-232 DB-9 cable with female DB-9 connector bundled.
Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.
2. Attaches the DB-9 female cable connector to the male serial RS-232
DB-9 connector on the switch.
3. Attaches the other end of the serial RS-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial
port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with The switch’s serial port default settings. For example, Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.
Note: The switch’s serial port default settings are listed as follows:
Baud rate 57600 Stop bits 1 Data bits 8 Parity N Flow control none
4. When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login
prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and password are shown as below:
Username = admin Password = admin
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• Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address
Please refer to Fig. 2-7 CLI Management for details about the ex-factory setting. They are default setting of IP address. You can first either configure your PC IP address or change IP address of the switch, next to change the IP address of default gateway and subnet mask.
For example, your network address is 10.1.1.0, and subnet mask is
255.255.255.0. You can change the switch’s default IP address 192.168.1.1 to
10.1.1.1 and set the subnet mask to be 255.255.255.0. Then, choose your default gateway, may be it is 10.1.1.254.
Default Value 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch Your Network Setting IP Address
Subnet Default Gateway
After completing these settings in the switch, it will reboot to have the configuration taken effect. After this step, you can operate the management through the network, no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System (NMS).
192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.1.254 10.1.1.254
Table 2-3
Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI
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2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
through the Ethernet Port
There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch’s Ethernet port. They are CLI, Web browser and SNMP manager. The user interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here. We just introduce the first two types of management interface.
24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch Default IP Setting: IP = 192.168.1.1 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Ethernet LAN
Assign a reasonable IP address, For example: IP = 192.168.1.100 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Fig. 2-9
• Managing 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch through Ethernet Port
Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then, follow the procedures listed below.
1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.
Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default IP address information.
2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3 and Chapter 4.
19
Fig. 2-10 the Login Screen for Web
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment
For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled
in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.
IP address:
The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful” because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.
Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.
32 bits
Network identifier Host identifier
Fig. 2-11 IP address structure
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With the classful addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A, class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address range described below.
Class A:
Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and
127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.
Bit # 0 1 7 8 31
0
Network address Host address
Class B:
IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384 (2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts per network.
Bit # 01 2 15 16 31
10
Network address Host address
Class C:
IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are 2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2) hosts per network.
Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31
110
Network address Host address
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t
N
Class D and E:
Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.
According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network. We call it Private IP address and list belo w:
Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255
Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.
Subnet mask:
It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and ease to manage IP network.
For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60 thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and, of course, the last byte is the host number .
Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be looked like? All 0s mean t he network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.
10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000
etwork
25 bits
All 0s = 128.1.2.128
All 1s= 128.1.2.255
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Subne
1 0000000 1 1111111
In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,
255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask. With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following table shows the result.
Prefix Length No. of IP matched No. of Addressable IP
/32 1 ­/31 2 ­/30 4 2 /29 8 6 /28 16 14 /27 32 30 /26 64 62 /25 128 126 /24 256 254 /23 512 510 /22 1024 1022 /21 2048 2046 /20 4096 4094 /19 8192 8190 /18 16384 16382 /17 32768 32766 /16 65536 65534
Table 2-4
According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like
168.1.2.0.
With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet, a partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be applied.
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For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like
255.255.255.240. This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of 15 nodes in the network.
Default gateway:
For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address, known as default router. Basically, it is a routing policy. The gateway setting is used for Trap Events Host only in the switch.
For assigning an IP address to the switch, you just have to check what the IP address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network address and append your host address to it.
Fig. 2-12
First, IP Address: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “192.168.1.1”, for instance. For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.
Second, Subnet Mask: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “255.255.255.0”. Any subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.
DNS:
The Domain Name Server translates human readable machine name to IP address. Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address. A server generally has a static IP address. To connect to a server, the client needs to know the IP of the server. However, user generally uses the name to connect to the server. Thus, the switch DNS client program (such as a browser) will ask the DNS to resolve the IP address of the named server.
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2-2. Typical Applications
The 24 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch implements 24 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and two slots for the removable module supporting comprehensive fiber types of connection, including LC and BiDi-LC SFP modules. For more details on the specification of the switch, please refer to Appendix A.
The switch is suitable for the following applications.
⎯ Central Site/Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP (See Fig. 2-13) ⎯ Peer-to-peer application is used in two remote offices (See Fig. 2-14) ⎯ Office network(See Fig. 2-15)
Central Site
Fig. 2-13 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site
Fig. 2-13 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram. This diagram demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts.
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Fig. 2-14 Peer-to-peer Network Connection
Fig. 2-15 Office Network Connection
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