Agilent N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester

User’s Guide

Notices

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

N9330-90001

Edition

Third Edition, Dec 2008

Printed in China

Agilent Technologies, Inc. Qianfeng Hi-Tech Industry Park Chengdu 611731, P.R.China

Software Revision

This guide is valid for A.01.00 revisions of the Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester firmware.

CAUTION

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNI NG

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Restricted Rights Legend

If software is for use in the performance of a U.S. Government prime contract or subcontract, Software is delivered and licensed as “Commercial computer software” as defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) or as “Restricted computer software” as defined in FAR

52.227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause. Use, duplication or disclosure of Software is subject to Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial license terms, and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR

52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data.

Contents

1Overview

Introduction 2

Front Panel Overview 3

Top Panel Overview 4

Working with Batteries 5

2 Getting Started

Checking the Shipment 8

Safety Considerations 10

Your first 10 minutes with the N9330A 14

3 Making Measurements

Selecting a Measurement Mode 20

Calibrate the N9330A before making measurements 21

Measuring Return Loss/SWR/Cable Loss 25

Measuring Distance to Fault (DTF) 27

4 Using Functions

Using Markers and Pass/Fail Limit Lines 32

Processing Traces 35

Saving and Recalling a file 38

Viewing system statistics 41

Some Helpful Hints 42

System Setups 50

5 Key Reference

AMPTD 54

CAL 56

Distance 58

Enter and ESC/CLR 62

Frequency 63

Limit 64

Marker 66

Meas/View 68

Mode 70

System 71

6 Instrument Messages

Error Message List 74

Warning List 75

7 Menu Map

FREQ/DIST 78

AMPTD 79

MEAS/VIEW 80

SYS 81

LIMIT 82

Marker 83

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester

1 Overview

1Overview

Introduction

Agilent has designed the N9330A handheld cable and antenna tester (25 MHz to 4 GHz) to simplify the job of installing and maintaining cable and antenna systems. In addition to measuring SWR, Return Loss and Cable Loss, the N9330A also performs Distance- to- Fault (DTF) measurements that assist in determining cable defect locations, It is also useful in identifying maintenance necessary to maintain peak performance of your cable and antenna systems.

Basic measurement functionality

Basic measurement functionality of the N9330A includes:

• SWR

• Return loss

• Cable loss

• DTF (SWR and return loss)

Optimized usabilities

The Agilent N9330A has the following features:

• 7.2 inch sunlight-viewable display enables you to read the screen easily and clearly under high light levels.

• Rechargeable lithium- ion battery supports a minimum of four hours continuous operation when fully charged.

• Arc- shaped handles and a rugged rubber casing ensure a comfortable and firm hold.

• Auto file naming makes editing file names fast and easy.

• USB interface for easy and fast file saving to PC or memory stick.

• User definable power saving mode.

2 N9330A User’s Guide

Front Panel Overview

Overview 1

Caption Brief Description

1 Standby switch Turns the tester On or Off 2 Function hardkeys Including hardkeys: Mode, FREQ/DIST,

3 Preset hardkey Returns the tester to a known state 4 Enter hardkey Confirms a selection or configuration 5 CAL hardkey Enters a calibration procedure 6 ESC/CLR hardkey Escapes from a procedure or clears

7 Save and Recall keys For file operation 8 Auto scale hardkey Sets the amplitude borders automatically 9 Contrast hardkey Adjusts the screen contrast 10 Knob Selects an option or edits a number 11 Brightness hardkey Adjusts the screen brightness 12 Buzzer Beeps differently on different actions 13 Softkeys Indicates current menu functions 14 Screen Displays measured traces and status 15 Strap handle For hand carry

N9330A User’s Guide 3

AMPTD, MEAS/VIEW, SYS, Hold/Run, Limit and Marker

characters or numbers

1Overview

Top Panel Overview

4 5

Caption Brief Description

1 RF Output Connector

(N-type)

2USB interface Type B

(Device)

3USB interface Type A

(Host)

4 LED indicator Lights (On) when external DC

5 LED indicator (Charging) Lights (On) when the battery is

6External DC power

connector

7 LAN interface Reserved for future expansion 8 Tilt Stand (rear of instru-

ment)

Outputs swept signal to DUT

Connects to a PC

Connects to a USB memory stick

power is connected to the tester

charging Connects to external DC power,

for use with either the AC-DC charger-adapter or automotive 12V DC adapter

Allows user to lean instrument back for better viewing when placed on flat surface

4 N9330A User’s Guide

Working with Batteries

Always use the original battery type, as supplied with the tester.

Installing a Battery

Insert a battery with the correct polarity orientation.

CAU-CAUTION

Step Notes

1 Open the battery cover Use a phillips type screwdriver,

2 Insert the battery Observe correct battery polarity

3 Close the battery cover Push the cover closed, then

loosen the retaining screw, then pull the battery cover open.

orientation when installing.

re-fasten the cover with the retaining screw.

Overview 1

Viewing Battery Status

Determine the battery status in either of the following methods:

• Check the battery icon in the lower right corner of the front panel screen: it indicates the approximate level of charge.

• Press [SYS] > {More} > {Status} to check the current battery voltage.

N9330A User’s Guide 5

1Overview

Charging a Battery

You should only charge the battery when it is installed in the tester.

Never use an incorrect, modified, or damaged charger.

CAU-CAUTION

Internal Charging

You may recharge the battery in the N9330A while the tester is operating or when it is turned off.

1 Install the battery in the tester

2 Attach the correct AC/DC adapter and switch

external power on.

3 The green LED indicating external power and

charging status lights should turn on, indicating that the battery is charging.

When the battery is fully charged, the green charging LED turns off.

The charging time for a fully depleted battery, is approximately four hours.

6 N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester

2 Getting Started

Checking the Shipment

Check the shipment and order list when you receive the shipment.

• Inspect the shipping container for damages. Signs of damage may include a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicates signs of unusual stress or compacting.

• Carefully remove the contents from the shipping container, and verify if the standard accessories and your ordered options are included in the shipment, according to checklist and AC Power

Cord checklist on next page.

For any question or problems, contact Agilent Technologies for consultant and service at:

http://www.agilent.com/find/assist

8 N9330A User’s Guide

AC Power Cord

Getting Started 2

Plug Type Cable Part

250V 10A

250V 16A

125V 10A

230V 15A

125V 15A

250V 16A

Number

8121-1703 BS 1363/A Option 900

8120-0696 AS 3112:2000 Option 901

8120-1692 IEC 83 C4 Option 902

8120-1521 CNS 10917-2

8120-2296 SEV 1011 Option 906

8120-4600 SABS 164-1 Option 917

8120-4754 JIS C8303 Option 918

8120-5181 SI 32 Option 919

8120-8377 GB 1002 Option 922

Plug Description

/NEMA 5-15P

For use in Country & Region

United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia

Australia, New Zealand

Continental Europe, Korea, Indonesia, Italy, Russia

Option 903

Unite States, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico

Switzerland

South Africa, India

Japan

Israel

China

N9330A User’s Guide 9

2 Getting Started

Safety Considerations

Agilent has designed and tested the N9330A in accordance with IEC Publication 61010- 1:2001 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use, and the tester is supplied in a safe condition. The N9330A is also designed for use in Installation Category II and pollution Degree 2 per IEC 61010 and IEC 60664 respectively.

Read the following safety notices carefully before you start to use this tester set to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

WARNING

Personal injury may result if the tester’s cover are removed. There are no operator-serviceable parts inside. Always contact Agilent qualified personnel for service. Disconnect the product from all voltage sources while it is being opened.

WARNING

This product is a Safety Class I tester. The main plug should be inserted in a power socket outlet only if provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

WARNING

Electrical shock may result when cleaning the tester with the power supply connected. Do NOT attempt to clean internally. Use a clean soft cloth to clean the outside case only.

WARNING

Danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended.

10 N9330A User’s Guide

Getting Started 2

WARNING

CAU-CAUTION

Do NOT dispose of batteries in a fire.

Do NOT place batteries in the trash. Batteries must be recycled or disposed of properly.

The VxWorks operating system requires full conformity to USB 1.1 or USB 2.0 standards from a USB disk. Not all the USB disk are buil t that way. If you have pro blems connec ting a particular USB disk, please reboot the analyzer before inserting the next.

Use USB disk in FAT or FAT32 format, with only one partition for data saving and loading with the tester.

If left the tester unused, a fully charged battery will discharge itself over time.

Never use a damaged or worn-out adapter or battery. If you are charging the batteries internally, even while the

tester is powered off, the tester may become warm. To avoid overheating, always disconnect the tester from the AC adapter before storing the tester into the soft carrying case.

Always power on the N9330A before connecting an electronic calibrator.

The average continuous power input is limited not to exceed +23 dBm, DC voltage to 50 VDC. Instrument damage may result if these precautions are not followed.

Temperature extremes will affect the ability of the battery to

CAU-CAUTION

charge. Allow the battery to attain ambient operating temperature before use or charging.

Storing a battery in extreme hot or cold places will reduce the capacity and lifetime of a battery. Battery storage is recommended at less than 45

N9330A User’s Guide 11

2 Getting Started

Environmental Requirements

Agilent technologies has designed this tester for use under the following conditions:

• Operating temperature: 0 to 40 –10 to 50

• Storage temperature: –40 to 70

• Humidity: 85% +

C (using AC- DC adapter)

C (using battery)

Electrical Requirements

This tester allows the use of either a lithium battery pack (internal), AC- DC adapter shipped with the tester, or optional Automotive +12VDC adapter for its power supply.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions

This tester was manufactured in an ESD protected environment. This is because most of the semiconductor devices used in this tester are susceptible to damage by static discharge.

Depending on the magnitude of the charge, device substrates can be punctured of destroyed by contact or mere proximity of a static charge. The result can cause degradation of device performance, early failure, or immediate destruction.

ElectroStatic charges are generated in numerous ways, such as simple contact, separation of materials, and normal motions of persons working with static sensitive devices.

When handling or servicing equipment containing static sensitive devices, adequate precautions must be taken to prevent device damage or destruction.

Only those who are thoroughly familiar with industry accepted techniques for handling static sensitive devices should attempt to service circuitry with these devices.

12 N9330A User’s Guide

Instrument Markings

The CE mark shows that the product complies with all relevant European Legal Directives (If accompanied by a year, it signifies when the design was proven).

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

Getting Started 2

N10149

The C- Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

ISM1-A

This symbol is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product (CISPR 11, Clause 4)

The instruction manual symbol: indicates that the user must refer to specific instructions in the manual.

The standby symbol is used to mark a position of the instrument power switch.

indicates this product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirements and you must not discard this equipment in domestic household waste. Do not dispose in domestic household waste. To return unwanted products, contact your local Agilent office, or refer to

http://www.agilent.com/environment/product/

N9330A User’s Guide 13

2 Getting Started

Your first 10 minutes with the N9330A

The N9330A is fitted with a sunlight- viewable screen, which is viewable under all lighting conditions. If you are using your N9330A in direct sunlight, you do NOT need to shield the display from the sunlight. In bright lighting conditions, the display is brighter and easier to read when you allow light to fall directly on the screen.

Use only the original N9330A AC/DC adapter or the

CAU-CAUTION

original battery for power source.

Do not apply excessive RF or DC signals to the tester RF

CAU-CAUTION

OUTPUT connector. The maximum damage RF input level is +23 dBm (or +

Power on the N9330A

Pressing the standby button switches on the tester. The tester then boots up and runs an internal self- test that includes the following items:

• internal temperature

• battery voltage (if battery powered)

• battery capacity (if battery powered)

50 VDC signal input).

Using the tilt stand

14 N9330A User’s Guide

Getting Started 2

Making the first measurement

Four easy steps:

1 Select a measurement mode.

2 Set the desired measurement range, or select a

frequency range from the list of signal standards.

3 Calibrate the tester.

4 Connect the DUT (Device Under Test) to the

tester RF OUT connector being careful not to apply a signal which exceeds the maximum signal levels.

Step 1. Selecting a measurement mode

Pressing [MODE] brings up a check box for you to choose a measurement mode from the following five modes:

• SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)

• Return loss vs. Frequency

• Cable loss

• DTF- SWR

• DTF- Return loss

Example: selecting the return loss measurement

1 Press [MODE] to bring up the mode selection

check box

2 Use the rotary control knob to select the Return

Loss vs. Frequency

3 Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

A measurement mode indicator – FREQ- RL will be displayed in the top middle part of the screen.

See “Selecting a Measurement Mode" on page 20 for more information.

Step 2. Setting a measurement range

Pressing [FREQ/DIST] brings up a submenu for setting the measurement range.

N9330A User’s Guide 15

2 Getting Started

If you previously chose a frequency domain measurement, the submenu allows you to set the start and stop frequency, or select a pre- defined frequency range from the list of signal standards.

If you previously chose a DTF measurement, the submenu allows you to set the start and stop displayed distance, and other cable measurement related parameters.

Example: setting a frequency range from 1

1 Press {Start} > [1000] > [ENTER] to set the start

frequency to 1 GHz

2 Press {Stop} > [2000] > [ENTER] to set the stop

frequency to 2 GHz

The start frequency of 1000.0 (in MHz) displays at the left lower corner of screen, and the stop frequency 2000.0 displays at the right lower corner of the screen.

Step 3. Calibrating theN9330A

The N9330A must be calibrated before making an actual measurement (SWR/Return loss/Cable loss/DTF) using the selected frequency span or the full span of the instrument.

The N9330A offers two calibration modes:

• FullSpan Cal

Performs an Open-Short-Load calibration across the full frequency range (25 MHz to 4 GHz). The tester allows you to modify the frequency range for measurement after the FullSpan Cal is performed.

• SelectedSpan Cal

Selected Span calibration is the default calibration mode. Performs an Open- Short- Load calibration across a user- defined frequency range. The tester requires re- calibration if the Selected Frequency Span is changed.

Key Access: [SYS] > {Cal Mode}

GHz to 2 GHz

16 N9330A User’s Guide

Getting Started 2

Example: Performing a calibration

Assuming the Selected Frequency Span is from 1 GHz to 2 GHz for return loss measurement and the T- combo calibrator tool is being used.

1 Press [CAL] to bring up a dialog box that will

guide you through the calibration. The normal calibration order is open, short, and load.

2 Fasten the Open end of the T- combo to the RF

OUT connector on the top panel of the tester, then press [ENTER] to initiate the open calibration.

3 Fasten the Short end of the T-combo to the RF

OUT connector, then press [ENTER] to initiate the short calibration.

4 Fasten the Load end of the T- combo to the RF

OUT connector, then press [ENTER] to initiate the load calibration.

To abort a calibration, press the [ESC/CLR] button.

For more information about calibration, please refer to “Calibrate the N9330A before making

measurements" on page 21.

Step 4. Connecting DUT to RF Output port

Example: Measuring return loss

Assuming you have completed the calibration procedure above. Refer to the following instructions to make a return loss measurement.

• Connect the cable under test to the RF OUT connector on the top panel of the tester.

• The tester immediately performs the measurement and displays a trace on the screen.

If further data analysis is necessary, refer to:

“Using Markers and Pass/Fail Limit Lines" on

page 32, “Processing Traces" on page 35.

N9330A User’s Guide 17

2 Getting Started

Contact Agilent Technologies

Agilent maintains sales and service offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your handheld cable and antenna tester. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to your handheld cable and antenna tester by its product number and the full serial number.

Go to http://www.agilent.com/find/assist for help with:

• product selection, configuration, and purchases.

• technical application assistance, and consulting.

• rental options, and refurbished equipment.

• repair, calibration, education and training.

If you do not have access to the internet, call the appropriate number shown below. Or contact your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office.

United States (tel) 800 829 4444

(fax) 800 829 4433

Canada (tel) 877 894 4414

(fax) 800 746 4866 Latin America (tel) +1 (305) 269 7500 China (tel) 800 810 0189

(fax) 800 820 2816 Korea (tel) 080 769 0800

(fax) 080 769 0900 Japan (tel) +81 426 56 7832

(fax) +81 426 56 7840 Taiwan (tel) 0800 047 866

(fax) 0800 286 331 Europe (tel) +31 20 547 2111 Australia (tel) 1 800 629 485

(fax) +61 (3) 9210 5947 Other Asia Pacific

Countries

(tel) +65 6375 8100

(fax) +65 6755 0042

Email: tm_ap@agilent.com

18 N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable and Antenna Tester

3 Making Measurements

Selecting a Measurement Mode

Assuming you wish to make a return loss measurement, you need to:

• Press the [MODE] hardkey to call up the mode

selection check box.

• Use the front- panel knob to select a measure-

ment type from the Mode Select list.

• Press the [ENTER] hardkey to confirm your selec-

tion.

Selecting “Return Loss” measurement

The icon indicates the following frequency domain measurement:

• SWR

• Return loss

• Cable loss

The icon indicates the following Distance to Fault (DTF) measurement:

• SWR

• Return loss

20 N9330A User’s Guide

Making Measurements 3

Calibrate the N9330A before making measurements

Before making a measurement (SWR/Return loss/Cable loss/DTF) in a specified frequency range or the full span, you must calibrate your N9330A.

It is important to keep the calibration frequency range as close as possible to the actual sweep frequencies necessary for the measurements. Calibrating over a larger frequency range than the actual measurement range will reduce the accuracy of the test results. For example, using a 1 GHz calibration range when the measurement range is only few kHz.

Performing one calibration is acceptable provided the calibration frequency range selected incorporates all intended measurement frequencies. If the frequency span is changed, a new calibration must be performed for that measurement. A new calibration must be performed if any components used in the calibration setup are changed. For example, a short coaxial cable used to connect the tester to the DUT.

Calibration Mode

The N9330A offers two calibration modes:

• FullSpan Cal

Runs an open- short- load calibration across the full frequency span (25 MHz to 4 GHz). A FullSpan Cal ignores the frequency changes during measurements.

• SelectedSpan Cal

Performs an open- short- load calibration across a user- defined frequency span. A SelectedSpan Cal requires a re- calibration of the tester, after changing the measurement frequency range. Normally, the selected span should be set as close to the actual swept frequency range.

Key access: [SYS] > {Cal Mode}

N9330A User’s Guide 21

3 Making Measurements

Types of Calibrators

Two types of calibrator tools are available from Agilent for use with the tester:

• T-combo calibrator

This is a T- shaped mechanical calibrator. It consists of a calibrated open, short and 50 Ω load. Using the T- combo calibrator will result in a more accurate calibration than when using the an Electronic calibrator.

• Electronic calibrator

The Electronic calibrator enables you to perform a one- step calibration process. It automatically performs an open, short, and 50W load calibration. The Electronic calibrator is a faster but less accurate than when using a T-combo mechanical calibrator.

Calibrating procedure introduction

Choose either the T- combo or the Electronic calibrator to perform a calibration process. Different combinations of calibration mode and calibrator may benefit the measurement accuracy differently. (Assuming the measurement resolution remains unchanged):

• Using SelectedSpan calibration mode and the

T- combo calibrator provides a more accurate calibration.

• Selecting FullSpan calibration mode and electronic

calibrator is the simplest, most convenient calibration.

The tester default setting is the SelectedSpan calibration mode. Agilent recommends using the SelectedSpan calibration mode for best results.

22 N9330A User’s Guide

Making Measurements 3

accuracy. For example, using a 1 GHz calibration range when the measurement range is only few kHz.

Calibrate with an electronic calibrator

Never connect an electronic calibrator to the tester until after

NOTE

powering on the N9330A.

The tester needs about 35 sec. to record the data of an Electronic calibrator the first time a new Electronic calibrator is used with a specific tester.

After the initial use of an Electronic calibrator, the tester requires approximately 12 sec. to perform the automated open- short- load calibration.

The Electronic calibrator performs an automatic, open- short- load consecutively:

1 Press [CAL] to bring up a dialog box for

calibration guidance.

2 Connect the Electronic calibrator to the RF OUT

connector on the top panel of the tester. Connect the USB cable between the electronic calibrator and the tester USB port. The correct USB cable is supplied with an Electronic calibrator.

3 Press [ENTER] to start calibration.

Calibrate with a T-combo calibrator

Using a T- combo calibrator is a three step process requiring the user to manually change the open- short- load components. The default order of the calibration process is open- short- load.

1 Press [CAL] to bring up the dialog box for

calibration guidance.

2 Connect the “Open” component of the T- combo

calibrator to the RF OUT connector of the tester. Press [ENTER] to start the open calibration.

N9330A User’s Guide 23

3 Making Measurements

3 Connect the “Short” component of the T- combo

calibrator to the RF OUT connector of the tester. Press [ENTER] to start the short calibration.

4 Connect the “Load” component of the T- combo

calibrator to the RF OUT connector of the tester. Press [ENTER] to start the load calibration.

A “Calibrated” indicator will be displayed on the upper left corner of the screen when the calibration is completed.

Using User Cal Mode A User Cal Mode is an optional selection when using a mechanical calibrator. The User Cal Mode allows the user to choose one cal standard from the open- short- load to perform a customized calibration.

For example, pressing [CAL] > {User Cal Mode} > {Open} initiates a calibration using the Open calibration standard only.

24 N9330A User’s Guide

Making Measurements 3

Measuring Return Loss/SWR/Cable Loss

Return loss is the measurement of the signal reflection characteristics of a cable and antenna system. A return loss measurement is useful in detecting problems in the antenna feedline system and the antenna itself. A portion of the incident power is reflected back to the source from transmission line faults as well as from the antenna itself. The ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident voltage is called the reflection coefficient. The reflection coefficient is a complex number, meaning it has both magnitude and phase information. In S-parameter terms, return loss is referred to as an S11 measurement.

SWR and cable loss measurement derive from return loss measurement.

Test signals can cause interference. When testing cables

NOTE

attached to an antenna, the test signal is radiated from the antenna. Verify that the signal used for the test CANNOT cause interference to other antennas.

Perform a basic return loss measurement

When measuring return loss, SWR, or cable loss with your N9330A, follow the same operation procedure as shown below.

To make a return loss (versus. frequency) measurement over a frequency range of 50 to 400 MHz, perform the following steps:

1 Press [MODE] to call up a measurement mode

menu. Rotate the front-panel knob to select a measurement mode (for this example, Return Loss). Press the [ENTER] hardkey to confirm your selection. For more detailed information, refer to

“Selecting a Measurement Mode" on page 20.

2 Press the {Start} softkey to call up the start

frequency menu. Press {50} > [ENTER] to set the start frequency to 50 MHz.

N9330A User’s Guide 25

3 Making Measurements

3 Press the {Stop} softkey to call up the stop

frequency menu. Press {400} > [ENTER] to set the stop frequency to 400 MHz.

4 Press the [CAL] hardkey to call up the calibration

process menu. Follow the instructions for performing the calibration. For more information about calibration, refer to “Calibrate the N9330A

before making measurements" on page 21.

A “Calibrated” indicator will be displayed on the upper left corner of the screen when the calibration is completed.

5 Remove the calibrator and connect the DUT to

the RF OUT connector of the tester. The tester will then then measure the return loss of the DUT.

Adjusting the measurement resolution

The tester has three resolution settings, 521, 261, or 131 points. Press the [MEAS/VIEW] hardkey, then the {Resolution} softkey to choose the resolution setting desired, then press the [ENTER] hardkey to enter the selection.

The higher the resolution, the more accurate the measurement results. However, a higher resolution setting will require a longer sweep time.

Using Marker/Limit

For further trace analysis, refer to:

“Using markers" on page 32.

“Using Pass/Fail Limit Lines" on page 33

“Trace Operation" on page 35.

For performing an isolated return loss measurement, refer to:

“Using single sweep" on page 43.

For minimizing the interference, refer to:

“Enabling interference immunity" on page 43.

26 N9330A User’s Guide

Making Measurements 3

Measuring Distance to Fault (DTF)

For this measurement, an internally generated signal emits from the RF OUT port of the tester and is transmitted to the cable and antenna system (DUT). The tester receives and processes the signal power reflected from faults and imperfections.

In performing a DTF measurement, the tester uses frequency domain reflectometry. The transmitted and reflected signals contain information about the distance to the faults. This information is used to determine the physical distance to the faults. The tester displays the physical distance to the probable faults, corrected for cable loss and the velocity propagation factor of the cable.

Perform a DTF measurement

To make a DTF-return loss measurement over a frequency range of 50 to 400 MHz, perform the following steps:

1 Press [FREQ/DIST] > {Start} > 50 > [ENTER] to set

the start frequency to 50 MHz.

2 Press {Stop} > 400 > [ENTER] to set the stop

frequency to 400 MHz.

3 Press the [MODE] hardkey to select a

measurement mode. Rotate the front- panel knob to highlight and select the DTF- Return loss, and press [ENTER] to confirm your selection.

4 Press [CAL] to bring up the calibration process

guidance. Follow the instructions to perform a calibration. For more information about calibration, refer to “Calibrate the N9330A before

making measurements" on page 21.

5 Remove the calibrator and connect the cable

under test (DUT) to the RF OUT connector on the top panel of the tester. The DTF measurement starts and the results are displayed on the screen. A peak in the horizontal trace indicates a defective location. For a more precise

N9330A User’s Guide 27

3 Making Measurements

measurement, enter the cable loss and velocity factor information.

The measured distance and the displayed distance can be

NOTE

different. The measured distance refers to the distance the tester has

measured according to the frequency ranges you specified. You can check the measured distance by pressing {DTF Config}

The displayed distance refers to that part of the entire measured distance chosen. The displayed distance may be manually set by pressing [FREQ/DIST] > {Start}, and {Stop}.

Adjusting the measurement resolution

The higher the resolution, the more accurate the measurement results. However, a higher resolution setting will require a longer sweep time.

Using Marker/Limit

For further trace analysis, refer to:

“Using markers" on page 32.

“Using Pass/Fail Limit Lines" on page 33

“Trace Operation" on page 35.

For getting an isolated return loss signal, refer to:

“Using single sweep" on page 43.

For minimizing the interference, refer to:

“Enabling interference immunity" on page 43.

28 N9330A User’s Guide

Making Measurements 3

Measured distance

It is not always understood how frequency range affects measured distance and resolution, and may appears counter- intuitive. This section is intended to help simplify understanding the DTF measurement.

In the following equations:

Resolution refers to the number of points that are measured and used in the displayed trace. Pressing [MEAS/VIEW] > {Resolution} enables you to change the resolution setting.

• (V

• F2 and F1 refer to the stop and start frequency

The measured distance (in meters) of a DTF measurement is determined by the following equation:

Distance= (Resolution x 150 x Vt/Vc) / (F2–F1)

Vc = 3 x 108

From this equation, you can adjust the measurement:

• To Increase the measured distance:

• To decrease the measured distance:

) refers to the velocity factor of a cable, its

t/Vc

transmission rate relative to light. The velocity factor may be set by pressing {Velo Factor}.

(MHz).

• Increase the number of points,

• Reduce the frequency span.

• Reduce the number of points,

• Increase the frequency span.

N9330A User’s Guide 29

3 Making Measurements

30 N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester

4 Using Functions

Using Markers and Pass/Fail Limit Lines

Markers and limit lines are used for measurement trace analysis.

Using markers

Markers are used to track the specified points on a trace. You may apply up to six markers and visually track up to six points on each trace. Each of the six markers has the following settings:

• On

Activates a Marker and places a vertical, colored bar, with the Marker number ranging from M1 to M6 to the foot of the bar.

• Off

Deactivates a marker and erases the Marker bar.

• Edit

Brings up a dialog box and allows you to set the position of a marker.

Rotating the knob will move the position of a marker.

NOTE

• Marker to Peak

Places the active marker on the highest indicated value of the trace.

• Marker to Minimum

Places the active marker on the lowest indicated value of the trace.

• Delta

Is associated with the reference marker (Marker 1 is the default reference marker). Therefore, Marker 1 must be applied before creating the delta. Delta displays the value difference between the reference marker position and the delta marker position. Only one delta marker can be associated with a given reference marker.

32 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

General steps for adding a marker

Take adding Marker 1 for example:

Step Note

1Press [Marker] hardkey to call

up a submenu of markers

2Press {Mark 1} softkey to

enter a submenu of Marker 1

3Press {On} softkey to activate

Marker 1

4Press {Edit} softkey to set the

position of the Marker 1

Marker 1 sets its position refer to its previous position

Rotating the front-panel knob also positions the marker

Using Pass/Fail Limit Lines

Limit lines will alert the user to a measurement that exceeds the upper limit value of a trace. Limits are set in dB, and define the location of the limit lines displayed on the screen.

The tester applies upper limits only. Limit lines are used as pass/fail indicators:

• If the amplitude of a measured trace is below the limit line, a green Pass indicator is displayed in the upper right corner of the screen.

• If the amplitude of a trace is above a limit line, a red Fail indicator is displayed in the upper right corner of the screen. A limit fail beep sound can be turned on for an additional trace fail indicator.

N9330A User’s Guide 33

4 Using Functions

Two types of limit lines

• Single limit A single limit value is applied over the full frequency range, 25 MHz to 4 GHz. A maximum of two single limit lines may be applied.

• Multiple limit segment After setting a limit segment, the limit line is valid only for your selected frequency/distance range and amplitude range. A maximum of five limit segments may be applied.

Setting up a limit line

Refer to the following example to add a limit line.

Example: adding limit 1

Step Note

1Press [Limit] hardkey to access a

submenu of limit settings

2Press [Multi-Limit] softkey to

access the multi limit segments submenu

3Press {Limit 1} softkey to access

a submenu of the limit 1

4Press {On} softkey to activate a

limit line

4Press [Edit] softkey to set the

position of a limit line

5Press

{Prev segment/Next segment}

to continue setting specifications for a multi-limit trace.

Use this feature if setting multiple limit values on a trace.

choosing the specific segment number.

This will set the limit line at previously configured limit value.

To adjust the limit line to your specifications.

For multi limit traces.

34 N9330A User’s Guide

Processing Traces

Trace overlap and trace operation are used in the tester for post trace processing. Very useful in comparing measurements to identify differences and faults.

Tra c e O p er ati on

Trace operation mathematically adds or subtracts the current measured trace to a previously saved trace. This will provide information that may indicate when a cable or antenna system is degrading in performance and would require maintenance.i

The previously saved trace must have the same setup, with

NOTE

consistent measurement parameters as the current trace. For example, the same mode, resolution, and frequency/distance range.

Example: A saved a trace (data) has been entered into the local memory of the tester. The trace was measured under return loss mode in GSM full band (880 MHz to 960 MHz), with 521 data points.

Perform the following steps for a trace operation:

1 Press [MEAS/VIEW] > {Trace Operation} to access

the check box for selecting a math operation mode:

• Trace – Memory

Current active trace mathematically subtracts the trace from local memory of the tester.

• Trace + Memory

Current active trace mathematically adds the trace from local memory of the tester.

2 Rotate the knob to select a mode and press

[ENTER]

3 The tester brings up a list of existing trace data

in the local memory the tester.

Using Functions 4

N9330A User’s Guide 35

4 Using Functions

4 Rotate the knob to select a trace that has the

same measurement mode, resolution and frequency range, and press [ENTER].

The tester displays the mathematically calculated trace on its screen.

Trace overlap

The tester allows a previously saved trace to be recalled onto the currently displayed screen. The two displayed traces are identified by different colors.

Trace overlap is a real- time tool for quick comparisons between the current trace and a previously saved trace. The tester cannot save the overlaid traces into either local memory or external USB memory stick.

The previously saved trace must have consistent measure-

NOTE

ment parameters with the current trace. For example, the same mode, resolution, and frequency/distance range.

Example: To compare the current measurement trace to a saved trace (data) in the local memory of the tester. They were both measured in the return loss mode, GSM full band (880 MHz to 960 MHz), resolution 521 points.

Perform the following steps to do a trace overlap operation:

1 Press [MEAS/VIEW] > {Trace Overlap} > {Select Trace}

to display a list of trace data stored in the local memory the tester.

2 Use the front- panel knob to select a trace and

press [ENTER].

The tester will display the saved trace, while continuously making measurement of the DUT (current measured trace). The two traces are displayed on the screen simultaneously:

36 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

• Trace one is displayed as a static trace and is

green in color. It is the saved trace results recalled from the local memory of the tester.

• Trace two is yellow in color and is repeatedly

scanned. It is the currently measured trace result.

N9330A User’s Guide 37

4 Using Functions

Saving and Recalling a file

N9330A allows you to save trace data, instrument setups, or the displayed screen graphic information into the local memory of the tester. With a USB memory stick inserted, you can also save trace data and screen copies into an external memory devices.

File Format Max. #

Trace data *. data 200

Instrument setting *.data 15

Screen copy *.jpg Stored onto USB disk

Trace data includes both the measurement data and the instrument setup information. Trace data and instrument setup files are saved with a “.data” file extension.

Save a trace data

Trace data includes the measured data and the current instrument setups. Save Data does not include limit lines. Limit lines can be saved using the Save Setup feature.

• Pressing [Save] > {Save Data} allows you save the trace data into local memory ONLY. It also activates the auto file naming editor and automatically saves the current trace data with a name that is consecutive to name of the latest saved file. This mode does NOT allow you to edit the file name. For example, if the previously saved file name is “Chicago_site1”, the current trace data will be automatically named as “Chicago_site2”.

• Pressing [Save] > {Save Data as} allows you to:

• select a destination where a trace data is

saved: Local or USB.

• edit a user defined file name.

See “Editing a file name" on page 39.

(Internal memory)

38 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

Save an instrument setup

The tester will save instrument setups to the local memory. The maximum number of instrument setups that can be saved is 15.

Pressing [Save] > {Save Setup} saves the current instrument settings to the tester’s local memory. The tester will record the following instrument settings:

• calibration mode records FullSpan or SelectedSpan calibration mode

• measurement mode records measurement modes with their ancroyn: RL, SWR, CL, DTF- RL, or DTF- SWR

• parameters records frequency/distance range, and date and time. Limit lines, if activated, will be saved using Save Setup.

Copy a screen

Press [Save] > {Copy Screen} to save the currently displayed screen onto an external USB memory stick, in JPEG format. Each screen copied is an 8- bit colored, 640*480 resolution graph. Copy screen will include any limit lines, if shown on screen. However, a screen shot is not editable.

Insert a memory stick into the USB connector before copying

NOTE

screen.

Editing a file name

A valid file name may consist of capitalized letters (A to Z), decimal numbers (0 to 9), and symbols (dot and underscore).

N9330A User’s Guide 39

4 Using Functions

Pressing [Save] > {Save Data as} accesses a dialog box with the last file name used. Press [ESC/CLR] to erase the current file name, before editing or creating a new file name.

Input a new file name Use the numerical keypad to input characters, numbers, and symbols.

• A single press on a numerical button inputs a decimal number.

• Consecutive press on a numerical button selects a letter or symbol.

Recall a trace data

To recall a trace data perform the following steps:

1 Pressing [Recall] > {Recall Data} accesses a dialog

box for selecting the trace data to be recalled.

2 Rotate the knob to select a trace data.

3 Press [ENTER] hardkey to confirm the selection.

Trace data can be deleted from the trace data list in local memory by:

• Press {Delete Trace} softkey to delete a trace data.

• Press {Delete All} to delete all the trace data from

the list.

Recall an instrument setup

The following steps show the steps to recall a stored instrument setup:

1 Press [Recall] > {Recall Setup} to bring up a dialog

box for selecting which instrument setup is to be recalled.

2 Rotate the knob to select the desired trace data.

3 Press the [ENTER] hardkey to confirm your selec-

tion.

40 N9330A User’s Guide

Viewing system statistics

Check system status

Pressing [SYS] > {More} > {Status} shows the primary information and current status of the tester, including:

• mode number, current firmware version, product serial number, main board serial number, and option status.

• current calibration mode and status, calibration temperature range, current internal temperature, current main battery capacity, and external power input status.

Running a self test

Pressing [SYS] > {More} > {Self Test} triggers the tester to run a self test on the following items:

• Temperature

• RTC battery voltage

• RF PLL

• LO PLL

Using Functions 4

N9330A User’s Guide 41

4 Using Functions

Some Helpful Hints

Preset the tester

Pressing the green button (the [Preset] hardkey) returns the tester parameters/settings to a known default state.

N9330A Default Settings

Settings Default measurement mode return loss (vs.freq) start frequency 25 MHz stop frequency 4000 MHz signal standard custom start distance 0 m stop distance 9 m calibration mode SelectedSpan calibration status Uncalibrated calibrator indicator mechanic trace resolution 521 point marker(s) all Off single/multiple limit(s) all Off limit beep Off active [FREQ/DIST] FREQ active [HOLD/RUN] RUN single sweep Off IIM (interference immunity) Off velocity factor 0.5 windowing none unit meter language Depends on previous

date format YYYY-MM-DD

language setting

42 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

Adjust amplitude scale

Adjusting the amplitude scale can improve the clarity and view ability of the amplitude of a trace. the following methods are for adjusting the amplitude scale:

• Pressing [Auto Scale] hardkey automatically adjust the amplitude scale to best fit the current trace view.

• Pressing [AMPTD] > {Top}, or [AMPTD] > {Bottom} manually set the amplitude scale.

Using single sweep

Using single sweep allows you to get an isolated return loss signal. In a single sweep, the tester sweeps from the start to the stop frequency/distance for only one time, and holds the trace static.

Key access: [MEAS/View] > {Single}

Enabling interference immunity

Other signals can interfere with Return Loss/SWR measurement. You can minimize the effect of the interference on the measurement by activating interference immunity in the tester.

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {IIM}

Use of interference immunity increases the measurement

NOTE

time. Interference immunity should be used if a known interference signal exists or the Return Loss/SWR measurement displays suspicious characteristics, such as a spike or rapid movements in the noise floor.

N9330A User’s Guide 43

4 Using Functions

Holding a measurement

The user may hold (pause) a measurement.

• Pressing [HOLD/RUN] hardkey pauses (holds) a

measurement, and displays the last trace scan.

• Pressing the [HOLD/RUN] hardkey again will

restart the measurement.

Quick access to freq/dist setups

Pressing [FREQ/DIST] allows the user to quickly access to frequency or distance setup submenu:

• When the measurement mode is SWR, return

loss or cable loss, pressing [FREQ/DIST] hardkey accesses a submenu for the frequency range configuration.

• When the measurement mode is DTF- SWR, or

DTF- return loss, pressing [FREQ/DIST] hardkey accesses a submenu for distance and DTF measurement configuration.

Connector Care

Connectors quality is a critical link for a precision measurement. RF connectors are manufactured to extremely precise tolerances and must be used and maintained with care to protect the measurement accuracy and repeatability.

Taking proper care of cables and connectors will protect your tester’s ability to make accurate measurements. Inaccurate measurements often result of improper connections, dirty, or damaged connectors.

Worn, damaged, out of tolerance, or dirty connectors degrade the accuracy and repeatability of RF measurements.

Always take proper electrostatic precautions before

CAU-CAUTION

touching the center conductor of any connector, or cable that is connected to the tester.

44 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

Repeatability

If two identical measurements are made with the tester, the differences in the measured data should be so small that they do not affect the value of the measurement. Connector repeatability may be a cause of poor measurement results. Connector repeatability problems may be affected by:

• Dirty or damaged connectors

• Connections that have been made without using

proper torque techniques (this applies when connections to the tester have been removed, then reconnected.)

Extending the life of your cables and connectors

• Minimize the bending of test cables. A single sharp bend can damage a RF cable.

• Avoid repeated connection and disconnection of all RF cable connections.

• Do not bend cables at or near the RF connectors. This may affect the RF performance.

• Inspect all connectors for dirt, nicks, and other signs of damage or wear before connection. A bad connector can ruin a good connector instantly.

• Clean dirty connectors. Dirt and foreign matter can cause poor electrical connections, affect RF measurements, and may permanently damage the connectors.

Never exceed the recommended connector torque values

CAU-CAUTION

when attaching cables or damage may result.

Proper Connector Torque Connector Torque

cm-kg

Ty pe - N 5 2 5 08 4 5

3.5 mm 9.2 90 8

SMA 5.7 56 5

N9330A User’s Guide 45

To r q ue N-cm

To rq u e in-lbs

4 Using Functions

Using signal standards

There are 88 signal standards available in the tester. They can be accessed and selected for use in measurement setups.

The following is a list of common signal standards with their uplink, downlink and full span ranges.

Signal Standard Start freq.

(MHz)

Bluetooth US/Europe uplink 2400.0 2484.0

Bluetooth US/Europe downlink 2400.0 2484.0

Bluetooth US/Europe full band 2400.0 2484.0

Bluetooth Japan uplink 2472.0 2497.0

Bluetooth Japan downlink 2472.0 2497.0

Bluetooth Japan full band 2472.0 2497.0

C 450 P uplink 453 464

C 450 P downlink 463 474

C 450 P fullband 453 474

C 450 SA uplink 465 470

C 450 SA downlink 455 460

C 450 SA fullband 455 470

CDMA China 12 uplink 872 915

CDMA China 12 downlink 917 960

CDMA China 12 fullband 872 960

Cellular uplink 824 849

Cellular downlink 869 894

Cellular fullband 824 894

Cellular 700 MHz uplink 776 794

Cellular 700 MHz downlink 746 764

Cellular 700 MHz fullband 746 794

DCS GSM 1800 uplink 1710 1785

DCS GSM 1800 downlink 1805 1880

DCS GSM 1800 fullband 1710 1880

Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) 2592.5 2692.5

GSM 900 uplink 880 915

Stop freq. (MHz)

46 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

Signal Standard Start freq.

(MHz)

GSM 900 downlink 925 960

GSM 900 fullband 880 960

IEEE 802 11 FH uplink 2402 2495

IEEE 802 11 FH downlink 2402 2495

IEEE 802 11 FH fullband 2402 2495

IEEE 802 11 DS uplink 2412 2484

IEEE 802 11 DS downlink 2412 2484

IEEE 802 11 DS fullband 2412 2484

IEEE 802 11 B G uplink 2400 2484

IEEE 802 11 B G downlink 2400 2484

IEEE 802 11 B G fullband 2400 2484

IMT 2000 UMTS WCDMA uplink 1920 1980

IMT 2000 UMTS WCDMA downlink 2110 2170

IMT 2000 UMTS WCDMA fullband 1920 2170

ISM 2 4 GHz uplink 2400 2484

ISM 2 4 GHz downlink 2400 2484

ISM 2 4 GHz fullband 2400 2484

JTACS/NTAC Japan ARIB uplink 887 925

JTACS/NTAC Japan ARIB downlink 832 870

JTACS/NTAC Japan ARIB fullband 832 925

NMT 411 uplink 411 420

NMT 411 downlink 421 430

NMT 411 fullband 411 430

NMT 450 uplink 450 460

NMT 450 downlink 460 470

NMT 450 fullband 450 470

NMT 450 20 kHz CDMA2000 uplink 451 484

NMT 450 20 kHz CDMA2000 downlink 461 494

NMT 450 20 kHz CDMA2000 fullband 451 494

NMT 450 25 kHz CDMA2000 uplink 411 458

NMT 450 25 kHz CDMA2000 downlink 421 468

NMT 450 25 kHz CDMA2000 fullband 411 468

NMT 900 MATS E uplink 890 915

NMT 900 MATS E downlink 935 960

Stop freq. (MHz)

N9330A User’s Guide 47

4 Using Functions

Signal Standard Start freq.

(MHz)

NMT 900 MATS E fullband 890 960

PCS GSM 1900 uplink 1850 1910

PCS GSM 1900 downlink 1930 1990

PCS GSM 1900 fullband 1850 1990

PCS Korea uplink 1750 1780

PCS Korea downlink 1840 1870

PCS Korea fullband 1750 1870

PDC 800 uplink 898 940

PDC 800 downlink 843 885

PDC 800 fullband 843 940

PDC 1500 uplink 1525 1549

PDC 1500 downlink 1477 1501

PDC 1500 fullband 1477 1549

PHS uplink 1895 1918

PHS downlink 1895 1918

PHS fullband 1895 1918

SMR 800 uplink 806 821

SMR 800 downlink 851 866

SMR 800 fullband 806 866

SMR 1500 uplink 1453 1465

SMR 1500 downlink 1501 1513

SMR 1500 fullband 1453 1513

TAC S/ ETAC S u pli nk +C2 2 872 9 15

TACS ETACS downlink 917 960

TAC SE TACS fu llb an d 872 96 0

Tetra uplink 380 430

Tetra downlink 380 430

Stop freq. (MHz)

48 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

Using cable folder

In DTF measurement, you are required to input the velocity factor and the average cable loss (dB/m). In case that you do not remember the velocity factor and the average cable loss of the cable- under- test, use the cable folder to find the cable type.

When you are making a DTF measurement, pressing {Cable} brings up a dialog box for frequency band selection first. You should select any of the following categories:

• Standard (measure in 1000 MHz)

• Standard (measure in 2000 MHz)

• Standard (measure in 2500 MHz)

• Customized cables

Press [ENTER] to confirm the selection. Then the tester displays a cable list in the frequency band. Each category of cables is listed with cable type velocity factor and average cable loss.

If you wish to create customized cable library, you need to use N9330A Post Analysis Tool to send the customized cable list to the tester.

N9330A User’s Guide 49

4 Using Functions

System Setups

Setting screen resolution

Three types of screen resolution choices are available:

• 521

• 261

• 131

The higher resolution you set, the more precise trace you get, but longer sweep time you need to spend.

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {Resolution}

Choosing a unit

Two types of distance units are available:

• meter

• foot

Key access: [SYS] > {Units}

The change of unit is displayed at the left lower corner of the screen.

Setting date and time

Key access: [SYS] > {Clock}

The date and time display on the top line of the screen.

50 N9330A User’s Guide

Using Functions 4

Firmware upgrade

A N9330A provides an easy and fast access for firmware update.

When updating firmware, make sure there will be a constant

NOTE

power supply for at least 10 minutes.

Refer to the following steps to upgrade the firmware:

1 Copy the firmware upgrading application onto

the root level of a USB memory stick.

2 Insert the USB memory stick into the USB

connector on the top panel of the tester.

3 Press [SYS] > {Upgrade} to activate the inner

updating procedure. Then the tester will then perform the upgrading automatically.

4 The tester promotes a message to indicate the

firmware upgrading is in process.

5 After firmware upgrading completes, power off

the tester and reboot it.

N9330A User’s Guide 51

4 Using Functions

52 N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester

5 Key Reference

5Key Reference

AMPTD

Sets the displayed amplitude range. Use the numerical keypad to input the amplitude value or rotate the knob to increase or decrease the amplitude value. The tester saves the previous modified amplitude range and recalls it when the tester is powered on.

The displayed amplitude range is different when the tester is in different mode:

• Return loss In this mode, the default unit dB does not display on the screen.

• Cable loss In this mode, the default unit dB does not display on the screen.

• SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)

• DTF_Return loss

In this mode, the default unit dB does not display on the screen.

• DTF_SWR

To p

Sets the displayed top amplitude value.

Tester will automatically revise your input by a minimum amplitude increment, if you previously input an improper top amplitude.

Key access: [AMPTD] > {Top}

54 N9330A User’s Guide

Bottom

Sets the displayed bottom amplitude.

Tester will automatically revise your input by a minimum amplitude increment, if you previously input improper bottom amplitude.

Key access: [AMPTD] > {Bottom}

Damage to the tester may result when the input power is

CAU-CAUTION

greater than +23 dBm or 50 VDC.

Key Reference 5

N9330A User’s Guide 55

5Key Reference

CAL

Activates the calibration process for the tester. A calibration process performs open, short and load (OSL) calibrations. You can either follow the instructions from the tester to run a calibration or customize a calibration.

You can select either an electronic calibrator or a T- combo mechanical calibrator to perform an open-short-load calibration.

• T-combo calibrator

Is a T- shaped mechanical calibrator. The three parts of the T- combo are the open, short and 50 Ω load. The T- combo calibrator is a more accurate calibration than the electronic calibrator and will improve the measurement range of the tester.

• Electronic calibrator

The electronic calibrator enables you to perform a one- connection calibration process. It performs an open, short, and 50 W load calibration consecutively. The electronic calibrator is faster but less accurate than the mechanical calibrator.

When a calibration is completed, a “Calibrated” indicator displays on the left top corner the screen.

Refer to “Calibrate the N9330A before making

measurements" on page 21, for more information.

Bypass Electronic Calibrator

The electronic calibrator is the default setting for the tester. However, a user may choose to use either the to electronic calibrator, or T-combo mechanical calibrator. When using the T- combo mechanical calibrator, the user will bypass the default electronic calibrator process by pressing [CAL] > {Bypass E Calib}. The tester will then access the manual open- short- load calibration.

Key access: [CAL] > {Bypass E Calib}

56 N9330A User’s Guide

User Cal Mode

The user may define a custom calibration process instead of using the tester default, open- short- load combination. Pressing [Cal] > {User Cal Mode} to select the calibration item for your customized calibration.

User defined calibration accepts only the T-combo calibrator.

NOTE

The electronic calibrator is not compatible with any user defined calibration mode. A User Cal requires the user to perform an open-short-load calibration process.

Key access: [CAL] > {User Cal Mode}

Key Reference 5

N9330A User’s Guide 57

5Key Reference

Distance

When you are using the DTF (Distance to Fault) mode, pressing [FREQ/DIST] brings up a submenu of setting DTF parameters, instead of frequency range. The tester saves the latest defined DTF parameters and recalls them when you power on the tester next time.

Start

Sets the displayed start distance. You can pre-define the default unit to be either meters or feet by pressing [SYS] > {Units}. The minimum distance increment is 0.1 m or 0.1 foot.

Key access: {Start}

Stop

Sets the displayed stop distance. Stop distance is always greater than the start distance. The maximum stop distance is calculated from the following equation:

(Resolution * 150 * V

In this equation,

• Resolution means the current resolution of the trace. Pressing [MEAS/VIEW] > {Resolution} enables you to select resolution setups: 131, 261 or 521 points.

• V

t /Vc

means velocity of light.

• V

means the stop frequency and F1 refers to the

• F

start frequency. The offset between F2 and F1 should always be greater than a tenth of current resolution (Resolution/10). For example, if the current resolution is 521, then F greater than 52.1 MHz.

Key access: {Stop}

) / (F2–F1)

t/Vc

means the velocity factor of a cable.

should be

2–F1

58 N9330A User’s Guide

Key Reference 5

DTF Config

Lists and edits the DTF parameters.

Key access: {DTF Config}

Pressing {DTF Config} brings up a check list, showing the parameters in a DTF measurement:

• Start Distance When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the displayed start distance becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing [FREQ/DIST] > {Start} in DTF mode.

• Stop Distance When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the displayed stop distance becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing [FREQ/DIST] > {Stop} in DTF mode.

• Start Frequency When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the start frequency becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing [FREQ/DIST] > {Start} when in non- DTF mode. Changing frequency range changes the maximum measured and displayed distance.

• Stop Frequency When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the stop frequency becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing [FREQ/DIST] > {Stop} when in non- DTF mode. Changing frequency range changes the maximum measured and displayed distance. Refer to

“Distance" on page 58, for more information.

• Resolution When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the trace resolution becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing [Meas/View] > {Resolution}. Changing the resolution changes the maximum measured and displayed distance.

N9330A User’s Guide 59

5Key Reference

• Windowing When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the windowing menu is presented. This is equivalent to pressing {Win- dow} in DTF mode.

• Cable When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], a cable library is brought up. This is equivalent to pressing {Cable} in DTF mode.

• Velocity Factor When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the velocity factor becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing {Velocity Factor} in DTF mode.

• Cable Loss When you rotate knob to highlight this parameter and press [ENTER], the cable loss becomes editable. This is equivalent to pressing {Cable

Loss} in DTF mode.

Cable Loss

Sets the average loss of a transmission cable, with minimum increment is 0.001. Use either dB/m or dB/foot as its unit.

Key access: {Cable Loss}

Velocity Factor

Sets the velocity factor of a transmission cable. Velocity factor has no unit. It refers to the rate of a signal’s transmission speed in a particular cable versus its transmission speed in vacuum. Velocity factor ranges from 0.01 to 1.

Key access: {Velocity Factor}

60 N9330A User’s Guide

Key Reference 5

Cable

The cable library consists of four categories of cables:

• Standard cables below 1000 MHz

• Standard cables below 2000 MHz

• Standard cables below 2500 MHz

• Customized cables

Key access: {Cable}

In each category, commonly used cables are listed with cable type, velocity factor, and cable loss. If you need to customize cables, use the N9330A Post Analysis Tool (PC software) to send customized cable list to the tester.

Window

• Adds window to traces. Five options of windowing include:

• Rectangular windowing

• Hamming windowing

• 3- sample Blackman windowing

• 4- sample Blackman windowing

• None

Key access: {Window}

N9330A User’s Guide 61

5Key Reference

Enter and ESC/CLR

[ENTER] and [ESC/CLR] are the frequently used keys

on the tester.

Enter

• Terminates date entry and enters into the analyzer a numerical value keyed from numeric keypad on the front panel.

• Terminates filename entries.

Key access: [ENTER]

ESC/CLR

• Clears data entries.

• Exits from a functional block.

Key access: [ESC/CLR]

62 N9330A User’s Guide

Frequency

Sets the measurement frequency range. The default unit is MHz and the tester provides this unit only. The tester saves the latest defined frequency range and recalls the frequency setup when you power on the tester next time.

Start

Sets the start frequency. The minimum increment is 0.1 MHz. Use numerical keypad to input the frequency and press [ENTER] to confirm your input. Or rotate the knob to increase or decrease the frequency. You can also press {Left} or {Right} to move the cursor to the digit you want to edit on, then rotate the knob to modify the value.

Key access: [FREQ/DIST] > {Start}

Stop

Sets the stop frequency. The minimum increment is

0.1 MHz.

Key access: [FREQ/DIST] > {Stop}

Signal Standard

Key Reference 5

Includes a frequency range list of several signal standards. When you select a signal standard from the list, the tester automatically sets the start and stop frequency according to the frequency of the signal standard you just selected. Refer to “Using

signal standards" on page 46 for more information.

Key access: [FREQ/DIST] > {Signal Standard}

When in DTF mode, pressing [Freq/Dist] brings up a submenu

NOTE

of setting the distance range, instead of frequency range.

N9330A User’s Guide 63

5Key Reference

Limit

Sets the pass/fail bar for traces. Two individual single limit lines and single limit line with five multiple limit segments are selectable. The tester also provides a limit beep function to alert a failure of limit judgement. If traces are below a limit or a limit segments, the tester judges the measurement as “passed”, if the traces are above the limit bars, the tester judges the measurement as “failed”.

Limit 1

Pressing [LIMIT] > {Limit 1} brings up a sub menu for editing a single limit applied horizontally across the displayed bandwidth.

The amplitude range of a single limit varies according to the current measurement mode. Refer to “AMPTD" on page 54 for more information.

Key access: [LIMIT] > {Limit 1}

Limit 2

Pressing [Limit] > {Limit 2} brings up a sub menu for editing a single limit that applies a second horizontal limit line across the displayed bandwidth.

The amplitude range of a single limit varies according to the current measurement mode. Refer to “AMPTD" on page 54 for more information.

Key access: [LIMIT] > {Limit 2}

64 N9330A User’s Guide

Multiple Limit

Pressing {Multi Limit} brings up a submenu for editing multiple limit segments. Up to five individual limit segments may be applied. Each segment requires a defined frequency and amplitude value of the start and end point for the segment.

Limit segments may not overlap with each other and

NOTE

segments must have a horizontal component, that is. they cannot be vertical.

Key access: [LIMIT] > {Multi Limit}

Limit Beep

The tester emits a beeping sound when the trace is above the limit bar to indicate the measurement fails as defined in the limit setups.

Key access: [LIMIT] > {Limit Beep}

Key Reference 5

N9330A User’s Guide 65

5Key Reference

Marker

Provides frequency and amplitude readout for a particular point or multiple points on a trace. The tester provides 6 markers, with 6 different colors. You can turn on or off any one of them, or turn off all of them at them same time.

Marker readout displays at the lower side of the screen, in a format of (frequency, amplitude). The tester always uses MHz as its default frequency unit and dB as its default amplitude unit except for SWR measurement.

Marker 1...6

Provides editable markers, labeled from Marker1 to Marker6. Two methods of placing a marker onto a particular point on a trace:

• Turn on a marker and rotate the knob to move the marker to the point.

• Turn on a marker and press [Edit] to manually set the marker to a specified point.

Key access: [MARKER] > {Marker1...6} > {Edit}

Delta

Calculates and reads out the frequency and amplitude offsets of Markers, comparing to Marker1. When using delta function, the tester keeps the marker on the trace as it is, but the readout changes to the frequency and amplitude offsets comparing to the Marker1.

Key access: [MARKER] > {Marker2...6} > {Delta}

Marker to Peak

Places a marker to the point that has the highest amplitude on the trace.

Key access: [MARKER] > {Marker1...6} > {Marker to Peak}

66 N9330A User’s Guide

Key Reference 5

Marker to Minimum

Places a marker to the point that has the lowest amplitude on the trace.

Key ac ces s:

[MARKER] > {Marker

1...6} > {Marker to Minimum}

Marker All off

Turn off all the active markers.

Key ac ces s: [MARKER] > {Marker All off}

N9330A User’s Guide 67

5Key Reference

Meas/View

Five functional blocks are available under [MEAS/VIEW]:

• Setting the trace resolution

• Enabling the single sweep

• Performing mathematical operation on two traces

• Performing trace overlap comparison

• Enabling interference immunity

Resolution

Three types of trace resolution are selectable:

• 131 points

• 261 points

• 521 points

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {Resolution}

Single

Toggles the single sweep between on and off. When single sweep is off, the tester sweeps continuously.

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {Single}

IIM (Interference Immunity)

Toggles the interference immunity between on and off. When IIM is on, the sweep speed becomes slower than normal.

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {IIM}

68 N9330A User’s Guide

Key Reference 5

Tra c e O p er ati on

Mathematically compares current trace with a pre- stored trace. Trace operation requires both measurements be made using the same parameters, mode, resolution, and frequency/distance range.

Pressing {Trace Operation} brings up a check box for you to choose a trace operation mode:

• Off The tester turns off trace operation function.

• Trace–Memory Current trace subtracts pre- stored trace.

• Trace+Memory Current trace adds pre- stored trace.

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {Trace Operation}

Trace Overlap

Overlaps currently displayed measurement trace with a previously- stored trace, using a different color. Trace Overlap requires both measurements be made using the same parameters, mode, resolution, and frequency/distance range.

Key access: [MEAS/VIEW] > {Trace Overlap}

N9330A User’s Guide 69

5Key Reference

Mode

Accesses the check box menu for selecting the measurement mode from the following five options:

• Standing wave ratio (SWR)

• Return loss

• Cable loss

• Distance- to- Fault (DTF)

• Standing wave ratio

• Return loss

Key access: [MODE]

70 N9330A User’s Guide

System

Key Reference 5

Personalizes the tester and manages system setups.

Cal Mode

Toggles calibration mode between full span calibration and selected span calibration.

Key access: [SYS] > {Cal Mode}

Power Manager

Enables the power saving mode. The tester will turn off the LCD backlight and display after non- use of from one minute to 60 minutes, user definable. Pressing any key on the front panel, except the power switch, brings the tester back to its previous state immediately.

Key access: [SYS] > {Power Manager}

Units

Toggles the default setting unit of distance between meter and foot.

Key access: [SYS] > {Units}

Language

Enables you to select a regional language displayed on the screen. Choices are: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portugal, Russian, Korean, Japanese, Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese.

Key access: [SYS] > {Language}

Clock

Accesses the date and time settings. Key access: [SYS] > {Clock}

Status

Shows the systematic information of the tester.

Key access: [SYS] > {Status}

N9330A User’s Guide 71

5Key Reference

Upgrade

Enables the firmware upgrade process.

1 Copy the upgrade application onto the root level

of a USB memory stick.

2 Insert the USB memory stick into the USB inter-

face of the tester on its top panel.

3 Press [SYS] > {Upgrade} to initiate firmware

upgrade.

4 The tester will promotes a message to indicate

firmware upgrading is in process.

5 After upgrading completes, power off the tester

then reboot it.

Key access: [SYS] > {Upgrade}

Self Test

Runs a self test on temperature and hardware. Key access: [SYS] > {Self Test}

E Calib Test

Verifies the communication between the electronic calibrator and the tester.

Key access: [SYS] > {E Calib Test}

Intelligent

Toggles the ability to identify the calibration loads (Open/Short/Load) from each other between on and off.

Key access: [SYS] > {Intelligent}

Fast Meas

Toggles the fast sweep between on and off. Key access: [SYS] > {Fast Meas}

License key

Brings up a window for inputting a license code for an option.

Key access: [SYS] > {License key}

72 N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable and Antenna Tester

6 Instrument Messages

Error Message List

Error Code

-310 System error Failed to write to file.

-311 System error Failed to load system file.

-312 System error Failed to delete file.

-313 System error Failed to read file.

-314 System error Failed to save file.

525 Read Ext. power voltage

526 RTC battery low voltage RTC battery Low voltage.

527 Read RTC battery error Failed to read RTC battery.

528 Read main battery error Failed to read main battery.

529 Temperature sensor

530 Read RTC time error Failed to read RTC time.

531 Read Ecal serial number

701 RF PLL error RF PLL unlocked.

702 LO PLL error LO PLL unlocked.

703 RF and LO error RF and LO PLL unlocked.

Error Message Description

error

communication error

error

Failed to read Ext. power voltage.

Failed to temperature sensor communication.

Failed to read electronic calibrator serial number.

74 N9330A User’s Guide

Instrument Messages 6

Warning List

No. Warning Message

1 Open segment error. Overlapped with other segment(s).

Continue in 3 seconds.

2 Open segment error. The start is greater than the stop.

Continue in 3 seconds.

3 Edit segment error. The start is greater than the stop.

Continue in 3 seconds.

4 Edit segment error. Overlapped with other segment(s).

Continue in 3 seconds.

5 Trace operation error. Incompatible traces. Continue in

3 seconds.

6 Trace overlap error. Incompatible traces. Continue in 3

seconds.

7 Edit segment error. Segment cannot be vertical.

Continue in 3 seconds.

8 File name already exists, overwrite it? Press ENTER to

overwrite. Press ESC to abort.

9 File name too long. Max. 20 char allowed. Press

ENTER/ESC to abort.

10 Calibration invalid. Frequency changed. Continue in 3

seconds.

11 Calibration will be invalidated. Temperature out of

range. Press ENTER/ESC to abort.

12 Cannot open segment. Segment cannot be vertical.

Continue in 3 seconds.

13 Save file error. File name cannot be null. Press

ENTER/ESC to abort.

N9330A User’s Guide 75

6 Instrument Messages

No. Warning Message

14 Save trace error. Memory is full. Continue in 3 seconds.

15 Cannot modify the value now Continue in 3 seconds.

16 Changing CAL mode invalidates calibration. Press

ENTER to continue Press ESC to abort.

17 Changing frequency invalidates calibration. Press

ENTER to continue Press ESC to abort.

18 Delete this trace? Press ENTER to continue. Press ESC

to abort.

19 Delete all traces? Press ENTER to continue. Press ESC

to abort.

20 Freq range is changed. BW is below min. BW. Continue

in 3 seconds.

21 Cannot upgrade. There isn't application in the U-disk.

Press ENTER/ESC to abort.

22 Upgrade complete. Press ENTER/ESC to abort.

76 N9330A User’s Guide

Agilent N9330A Handheld Cable & Antenna Tester

7 Menu Map

FREQ/DIST

Start

Stop

Signal

Standard

Home

Page up

Page down

End

78 N9330A User’s Guide

AMPTD

Menu Map 7

AMPTD

Top

Bottom

N9330A User’s Guide 79

7 Menu Map

MEAS/VIEW

Resolution

Single

ON OFF

Trace

Operation

Trace

Overlap

IIM

ON OFF

Off

Trace –

Memory

Trace +

Memory

Off

Select Trace

Return

Top

Page Up

Page Down

Bottom

Delete Trace

Delete All

80 N9330A User’s Guide

SYS

Menu Map 7

SYS

Cal Mode

Ful Sel

Power

Manager

Units

Meter

Foot

Language

Clock

Upgrade

Off

Edit

Return

Status

Self Test

E Calib Test

Intelligent

ON OFF

Fast Meas

ON OFF

License Key

Keep Beep

ON OFF

License Opt

Key Light

OFF

Key Light

Edit

Light Set

Auto

Man

Return

N9330A User’s Guide 81

7 Menu Map

LIMIT

Limit 1

Limit 2

Multi Limit

Limit Beep

ON OFF

Off

Edit

Return

Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 3

Segment 4

Segment 5

Return

Off

Edit

Return

82 N9330A User’s Guide

Marker

Menu Map 7

Marker

Marker 1

Marker 2

Marker 3

Marker 4

Marker 5

Marker 6

Marker

All off

Off

Edit

Marker to

Peak

Marker to

Minimum

Return

Off

Edit

Delta

(M2-M1)

Marker to

Peak

Marker to

Minimum

Return

N9330A User’s Guide 83

7 Menu Map

84 N9330A User’s Guide

Index

Adjusting resolution, 26 Amplitude, scale adjust, 43 Auto scale, 43

Battery, Charging, 6 Battery, installation, 5 Battery, view status, 5

Cable loss, 25 Calibrate, cal tools, 22 Calibrate, intro, 22 Calibrate, using Electronic

calibrator, 23 Calibrate, using T-combo, 23 Calibrating, def., 16 Calibration mode, 21 calibration, freq change, 21 Calibration, span changes, 21 CF Step, 69 Connector care, 44 Contact Agilent, 18 Copy screen, 39

Distance, 58 DTF, 2 DTF Config, 59 DTF Measurement, 27

Edit, filename, 39 Electrical Requirements, 12 Error Messages, 73, 74

Firmware upgrade, 51 Front Panel, overview, 3 Full Span Cal, def., 16

Hold, pause measurement, 44

IIM, Interference Immunity, 43 Instrument Markings, def., 13 Instrument Messages, 73 Instrument, introduction, 2 ISM1-A, 13

Limit lines, def., 34 Limit lines, save setup, 39

Making a measurement, 15 Markers, adding, 33 Markers, using, 32 Measured distance, def., 29 Measurement mode, 15 Measurement mode, selecting, 20 Measurement range, 15 Measurement, functionality, 2 Measuring DTF, 27 Measuring Return Loss, 25 Menu Map, 77

Performing a calibration, 17 Preset, default settings, 42

Recall setup, 40 Recall trace data, 40 Reference Level, 54 Resolution, adjusting, 28 Return loss, def., 25

Safety Considerations, Warnings, 10 Save setup, instrument, 39 Save trace data, 38 Saving a trace, 38 Screen resolution, 50 Selected Span Cal, def., 16 Self test, 41 Settings, Date & Time, 50 signal standards, 46 Span, 72

Status, Check system, 41 Sweep Time, 64 Sweep, single, 43 SWR, 25 System setups, 50

Top Panel, overview, 4 Trace Operation, 35 Trace overlap, compare, 36

Unit, 50 Using limit lines, 33

Velocity Factor, 60

Warning, 75 WEEE, 13

Agilent N9330A User’s Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Introduction

Basic measurement functionality

Optimized usabilities

Front Panel Overview

Top Panel Overview

Working with Batteries

Installing a Battery

Viewing Battery Status

Charging a Battery

Checking the Shipment

Safety Considerations

Environmental Requirements

Electrical Requirements

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions

Instrument Markings

Your first 10 minutes with the N9330A

Power on the N9330A

Making the first measurement

Contact Agilent Technologies

Selecting a Measurement Mode

Calibrate the N9330A before making measurements

Calibration Mode

Types of Calibrators

Calibrating procedure introduction

Measuring Return Loss/SWR/Cable Loss

Perform a basic return loss measurement

Adjusting the measurement resolution

Using Marker/Limit

Measuring Distance to Fault (DTF)

Perform a DTF measurement

Adjusting the measurement resolution

Using Marker/Limit

Measured distance

Using Markers and Pass/Fail Limit Lines

Using markers

Using Pass/Fail Limit Lines

Processing Traces

Tra c e O p er ati on

Trace overlap

Saving and Recalling a file

Save a trace data

Save an instrument setup

Copy a screen

Editing a file name

Recall a trace data

Recall an instrument setup

Viewing system statistics

Check system status

Running a self test

Some Helpful Hints

Preset the tester

Adjust amplitude scale

Using single sweep

Enabling interference immunity

Holding a measurement

Quick access to freq/dist setups

Connector Care

Using signal standards

Using cable folder

System Setups

Setting screen resolution

Choosing a unit

Setting date and time

Firmware upgrade

AMPTD

Bottom

Bypass Electronic Calibrator

User Cal Mode

Distance

Start

Stop

DTF Config

Cable Loss

Velocity Factor

Cable

Window