Agilent 8903E Operator Manual

Errata
8903E Operation & Calibration Manual
08903-90053
July 1985
Title & Document Type:
Manual Part Number:
Revision Date:
HP References in this Manual
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett­Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX. For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.
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HP
8903E
Distortion Analyzer
Operation and
Calibration Manual
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HP
8903E
DISTORTION
(Including
SERIAL
This manual applies directly to instruments with serial numbers prefixed
For additional important information about serial numbers, see Section
Instruments Covered
1.
First Edition
ANALYZER
Option
NUMBERS
2507A
and
001)
2516A.
by
Manual
in
@HEWLET-PACKARD COMPANY
EAST 24001 MISSION AVENUE, TAF C-34, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON,
Operation and Calibration Manual Part Operation and Calibration Manual Microfiche Part
No.
08903-90053
No.
90069
1985
USA.,
99220
Printed:
JULY 1985
1
Regulatory
Information
(Updated
March
1999)
1
Regulatory Information
Safety Considerations
GENERAL This product and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety
markings and instructions before operation.
(Updated
March
1999)
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with "Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus," and has been supplied in a safe condition. This instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and condition.
SAFETY
A
uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source
product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set.
SAFETY
A
Indicates instrument Indicates hazardous voltages. Indicates earth (ground) terminal
WARNING
EARTH GROUND
SYMBOLS
damage
A
WARNING
practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal sign until the indicated conditions are
can occur if indicated operating limits are exceeded.
note denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
injury.
Do
not proceed beyond a
fulls
IEC
Pubhation
to
maintain the product in a safe
WARNING
understood and met.
101
0,
to
the
CAUTION
A CAUTION note denotes a hazard.
procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage not proceed beyond an CAUTION note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
to
or
It
calls attention to an operation
destruction
of
part
or
all of the product.
Do
2
Chapter
1
Safety Considerations for this Instrument
Regulatory Information (Updated
March
1999)
WARNING
This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the
power
cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective
or
conductor inside
outside of the product
product dangerous. Intentional interruption Whenever
it
is
likely that the protection has been impaired, the
is
likely to make the
is
prohibited.
instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation.
If
this instrument is to be energized voltage reduction), make sure the common terminal is connected the earth terminal
If
this product
of
is
not used
the power source.
as
specified, the protection provided by
via
an auto transformer (for
to
the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
No
operator serviceable parts in this product. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
Servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only.
To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do
so.
The opening of covers dangerous voltages. Disconnect the product from while
it
is
being opened.
The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that
live
for 5 seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply.
or
removal of parts
is
likely to expose
all
voltage sources
my
remain
For Continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only with example, normal blow
250
V
fuse(s)
or
the same current rating and type
or
time delay). Do not use repaired fuses or
(for
short circuited fuseholders.
Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this product. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause product damage.
This product Pollution Degree
INDOOR
is
USE
designed
2
per
ONLY.
for
IEC
use in Installation Category
1010
and
IEC
664
respectively.
I1
and
FOR
This product has autoranging line voltage input, be sure the supply
voltage
is
within the specified range.
Chapter
1
3
Regulatory Information
(Updated
To
prevent electrical shock, disconnect instrument before cleaning, Use a dry cloth or to clean the external case
Ventilation Requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet used.
Product Markings
March
1999)
is
greater than
from
one
slightly dampened with water
parts.
800
Do
not attempt
of
the product must not be restricted.
to
clean internally.
4"
C
for every
watts, then forced convection must be
mains (line)
100
CE - the CE mark accompanied
CSA - the
by a year indicated the year the design was proven.
CSA
mark
is a
registered trademark
is
a
registered trademark
of
the European Community. A CE mark
of
the
Canadian Standards Association.
Chapter
1
Model
89033
Safety Considerations
SAFETY
GENERAL
This product and related documentation must be re­viewed for familiarization with safety markings and instructions before operation.
This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal).
BEFORE APPLYING POWER
Verify that the product is set to match the available
is
line voltage and the correct fuse
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be pro­vided from the main power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, set.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
Instruction manual symbol: the product will
be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual (refer to Table of Contents).
Indicates hazardous voltages.
f
Indicates earth (ground) terminal.
The WARNING sign denotes a
hazard. procedure, practice, or the like, which, performed
jury.
the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
or
adhered to, could result in personal in-
Do
not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until
It
installed.
or
supplied power cord
calls attention to a
if
CONSIDERATIONS
not correctly
Any interruption of the protective (ground-
or
ing) conductor (inside
or
ment) terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury. (Ground­ing one conductor of a two conductor outlet is not sufficient protection).
Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any unin­tended operation.
If this instrument is to be energized via autotransformer (for voltage reduction) make sure the common terminal is connected to the
earth terminal of the power source.
Servicing instructions are for use by service-
trained personnel only. electric shock, do not perform any servicing unless qualified to
Adjustments described formed with power supplied to the instrument
while protective covers are removed. Energy
available at many points may, sult in personal injury.
Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument has been dis­connected from its source of supply.
disconnecting the protective earth
do
outside the instru-
To
avoid dangerous
so.
in
the manual are per-
if
contacted, re-
an
The CAUTION sign denotes a haz­ard.
It
calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, correctly performed
or
age to not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indi­cated conditions are fully understood and met.
destruction of part or all
or
adhered to, could result in dam-
of
the product.
if
not
Do
For
continued protection against fire hazard,
replace the line fuse(s) only with of the same current rating and type (for exam­ple, normal blow, time delay, etc.).
or
repaired fuses fuseholders.
short circuited
250V
Do
fuse(s)
not use
...
111
Safety Considerations Model
ATTENTION
Static Sensitive
Devices
89033
This instrument was constructed
charge) protected environment. This is because most of the semi-
in
conductor devices used by static discharge.
Depending on the magnitude of the charge, device substrates can
or
be punctured charge. The results can cause degradation of device performance, early failure,
These charges are generated tact, separation of materials, and normal motions of persons working with static sensitive devices.
When handling
devices, adequate precautions must be taken to prevent device dam-
age
or
destruction.
Only those who are thoroughly familiar with industry accepted techniques for handling static sensitive devices should attempt to
service circuitry with these devices. In all instances, measures must be taken to prevent static charge
build-up on work surfaces and persons handling the devices. For further information on ESD precautions, refer to “SPECIAL
HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR STATIC SENSITIVE
DE VICES”
destroyed by contact
or
immediate destruction.
or
in
Section VIII Service Section.
this instrument are susceptible to damage
in
servicing equipment containing static sensitive
in
an ESD (electro-static dis-
or
mere proximity of a static
numerous ways such
as
simple con-
iv
Model
8903E
CONTENTS
Table
of
Contents
VOLUME
Section
GENERAL INFORMATION
Introduction Specifications Safety Considerations Instruments Covered by Manual
Serial Numbers Options
Manual Changes Supplement
Audio Testing
Balanced Input
Transceiver Testing
Systems
Options
Electrical Options
Electrical Option Internal Plug-in Filter Options
Mechanical Options
Front Handle Kit (Option Rack Flange Kit (Option Rack Flange and Front Handle
Combination Kit (Option
Hewlett-Packard Interface
BUS (HP-IB)
Compatibility
Selecting the HP-IB Address Accessories Supplied Electrical Equipment Available
HP-IB Controllers
Front-to-Rear-Panel Connectors
Retrofit Kit
Rear-to-Front-Panel Connectors
Retrofit Kit
Mechanical Equip
Available Chassis Slide Mount Kit
Chassis Tilt Slide Mount Kit Recommended Test Equipment Principles of Operation for
Simplified Block Diagram
Voltmeter and Notch Filter
Counter
Voltage Measurement Input Frequency Measurement
Controller
Basics of Audio
AC Level
Frequency
DC Level
Signal Impurities
Distortion
SINAD
.....................
............
.............................
..............................
.............................
................................
..........................
......................................
........................................
.............................
001
........................
...........................
908)
.................................
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.............................
................................
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.......................
.
......................................
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.
.
.......................
....................................
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........
1
1
..........
.....................
..................
......
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................
907)
...............
................
909)
...................
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.
...................
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.........
..............
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........
.
...
Page
.
1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1
.
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4
1-4
1-6
1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6
1-7
1-8
1-8
1-9 1-9
1-9
Section
INSTALLATION
2
................................
................................
Preparation for Use
Power Requirements Line Voltage and Fuse Selection Power Cables HP-IB Address Selection Interconnections Mating Connectors
Interface Connector
Coaxial Connectors Operating Environment Bench Operation Rack Mounting
Storage and Shipment
Environment
Packaging
Original Packaging
Other Packaging
Introduction
General Operatingg Characteristics Turn-On Procedure Local Operation
Simplified Operation
Panel Features
Detailed Operating Instructions
Supplemental Information Remote Operation (HP-IB) Operator’s Checks
Basic Functional Checks
HP-IB Functional Checks Operator’s Maintenance
Operator’s Checks
Basic Functional Checks
Preliminary Check
Filter Check Distortion
SINAD Check
DC Level Check
HP-IB Functional Checks
Address Recognition
Remote and Local Messages and the LCL Key
Sending the Data Message
Receiving the Data Message
Local Lockout and Clear
Lockout/Set Local M Clear Message Abort Message Status Byte Message Require Service Message Trigger Message and Clear
Key Triggering
....................................
.......................
......................................
.............................
...........................
................
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.......................
..............................
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........................
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.................................
.............
...............
Section
OPERATION
3
......... .........
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........
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.........
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........
...........
................................
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.......
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Page
.
2-1
2.1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4
2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5
2-5
3-1 3-1 3-1A 3-1 3-2
3-2
3-2 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-8
3-9
3-10
3-10 3-10 3-11
3-11
3-12 3-13 3-13
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-17
V
Table
of
Contents
Model
89033
Remote Operation, Hewlett-Packard
Interface Bus HP-IB Compatibility
...........................
.
.
............
.......................
....................
Local Mode
Local Capability Remote-to-Local Mode Changes
Addressing
Local Lockout Data Messages Receiving the Data Message
Listen Only
Data Input Format Program Codes
Turning Off Functions Programming Numeric Data General Numeric Data Input Format Triggering Measurements with the
Data Message
Special Considerations for
Triggered Operation
Reading Data from the Right
or Left Display
Program Order Considerations
Sending the Data Message
Talk Only Mode Talk Status Only Mode
Data Output Format Data Output Format
Error Output Format Receiving the Clear Message Receiving the Trigger Message Receiving the Remote Message Receiving the Local Message Receiving the Local
Lockout Message Receiving the Clear Lockout/Set
................
......................
.........
...............
........................
......................
..............
..........................
....................
.......................
............
...
.......................
..............
.....................
...............
......................
....
..................
..................
..............
.............
............
.
..........
.....................
Receiving the Pass Control Message Sending the Require Service Message Selecting the Service Request
Condition Sending the Status Byte Message Sending the Status Bit
Receiving the Abort Message HP-IB Syntax and Characteristics
Summary
...................
.......................
.............
....
....................
CONTENTS
Page
-
3-19 3-19 3-19 3-19
........
........
.
...........
........
....
......
.....
3-19 3-19 3-19 3-19 3-21
3-21 3-21 3-22 3-22
3-23
3-23
3-24
3-24 3-25
3-25 3-25
3-25 3-26 3-26
3-26
3-26 3-26 3-26
3-27
3-29
(cont’d)
DETAILED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
..........................
ion
......................
Common Mode DC Level Default Conditions and Power-up
Sequence Detector Selection Display Level in Watts Distortion
Error Disable Error Message Summary
Filters
Hold Settings HP-IB Address Input Level Range (DC Level) Input Level Range (Except DC Level) Monitor Notch Tune Post-Notch Detector Filtering
Post-Notch Gain Rapid Frequency Count RATIO and LOG/LIN Read Display to HP-IB Service Request Condition SINAD Special Functions Time Between Measurements
Introduction Equipment Required Test Record Calibration Cycle Abbreviated Performance Testing PERFORMANCE AC Level Accuracy DC Level Accuracy Residual Distortion and Noise Distortion and SINAD Accuracy Frequency Accuracy and Sensitivity Audio Filters Input Impedance
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Performance Test Record
.........................
(Except SINAD)
..................................
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.....
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nt
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Section
PERFORMANCE TESTS
4
....................
............
...............................
..........................
TESTS
..................
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.....
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. ......
...... ......
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......
Page
-
3-33 3-33 3-35 3-36 3-39
3-43 3-45 3-47 3-48
3-51 3-55
3-57 3-58 3-59 3-61 3-62 3-64
3-67
3-68 3-69
3-70 3-73 3-75 3-76 3-78 3-80 3-86
4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2
4-14 4-15
4-22
4-24 4-26
vi
Model
89033
Table
of
Contents
Section 5
ADJUSTMENTS
Introduction Safety Considerations Equipment Required
. . .
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. . . . . . .
. . .
.
. . . .
.
Factory-Selected Components Post-Repair Tests,
Adjustments, and Checks Related Adjustments ADJUSTMENTS
. .
. . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
Internal Reference Frequency
CONTENTS
. . . .
.
.
.
. .
. . . .
. . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. .
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.
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. .
. .
.
. .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
.
. .
.
. .
Page
-
5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1
5-1
5-2
5-3 5-3
(cont’d)
Input Flatness Common-Mode Rejection Input DC Offset
400
Hz High-Pass and Weighting
Bandpass Filters Notch Filter Tune and Balance Voltmeter (Using
Controller)
Voltmeter (Not Requiring an HP-IB
Controller)
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
.
. . .
an
HP-IB
. . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
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.
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. .
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.
. . . . . .
. . .
. .
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.
. .
. . .
. . .
. .
5-4 5-8
.
5-9
5-10 5-12
5-13
5-16
vii
Model 89033
General Information
Section
GENERAL
1-1.
INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information required to install, operate, test, adjust, and service the Hewlett-Packard Model 89033 Distortion Analyzer. This manual docu­ments options installed in the Distortion Analyzer such as rear-panel connections and internal plug-in filters.
This section of the manual describes the instruments documented by the manual and covers instrument description, options, accessories, specifications, and
other basic information. This section also contains
principles of operation on a simplified block diagram
level and basic information on audio measurements.
The other sections contain the following
information:
Section
initial inspection, preparation for use (including ad­dress selection for remote operation), and storage and shipment.
Section
panel features, and includes operating checks, opera­ting instructions and maintenance information.
Section
tion required to check performance
against the critical specifications in Table
Section
required to properly adjust the instrument.
Section
formation for all replaceable parts and assemblies.
Section
modification, recommendations, and procedures.
Section
to repair the instrument.
Sections 1 through 5 are bound
Operation and Calibration Manual.
8
are bound in
ual.
Service Supplement,
Copies of the the instrument unless specifically requested
915) at time
Calibration Manual
order. When option
2,
Installation:
3,
Operation:
for
4,
Performance Tests:
5,
Adjustments:
6,
Replaceable Parts:
7,
Instrument Changes:
8,
Service:
two
The
Service Manual
Service Manual
of
instrument order. The
provides information about
provides information about
both local
provides the information required
separate volumes, the
and
an
and
remote operation,
provides the informa-
of
the instrument
1
-
1.
provides the information
provides ordering in-
provides instrument
in
this volume, the
Sections 6 through
Service Man-
is comprised of
an
HP
8903E
HP 8903B Service Manual.
are not supplied with
(as
option
Operation and
is supplied with the instrument
915
is requested, the complete
1
INFORMATION
service manual (the the
HP8903B Service Manual)
instrument order. Copies of all volumes can be ordered through your
nearest Hewlett-Packard sales office. The part num­bers are listed on the title page of this manual.
Also listed on the title page the manual part number, is
This number may be used to order 100
(4
X
6
inch) microfilm transparencies of this manual.
Each microfiche contains up to
of the manual’s pages. The microfiche package also includes the latest ments, as well as all pertinent Service Notes.
1-2.
SPECIFICATIONS
Instrument specifications are listed in Table These are the performance which the instrument may be tested. Characteristics listed under Supplemental Information, Table 1-2, are not warranted specifications but are typical char­acteristics included as additional information for the user.
1-3.
SAFETY
This product provided with a protective earth terminal). The Distortion Analyzer and all related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety mark­ings and instructions before operation. Refer to the
Safety Considerations
of this manual for a summary of the safety informa-
tion. Safety information pertinent
(installation, performance testing, adjustment,
service) is found throughout the manual.
1-4.
INSTRUMENTS COVERED
Serial Numbers.
ial number in the form on the serial number plate attached to the rear the instrument. The first four digits and the letter constitute the serial number prefix, and the last five digits form the suffix. The prefix
identical instruments. It changes only when a change is made to the instrument. The suffix, however, is assigned sequentially and is different for each instru­ment. The contents of this manual apply directly to instruments having the same serial prefix(es) as listed under SERIAL NUMBERS on the title page.
HP
89033 Service Supplement
is
supplied with the
of
this manual, below
a
microfiche part number.
96
photo-duplicates
MANUAL
CHANGES
standards,
or
limits against
CONSIDERATIONS
is
a Safety Class I instrument (that is,
page found at the beginning
to
the task at hand
BY
MANUAL
This instrument has a two-part ser-
OOOOAOOOOO
which is stamped
is
the same for all
X
150 mm
supple-
and
1-1.
or
of
1-1
General Information
Model 89033
Options.
Electrical Option
001,
internal plug-in filter options, and various mechanical options are docu­mented in this manual. The differences are noted under the appropriate paragraph such as Section
1,
the Replaceable
Parts
List, and the sche-
Options
in
matic diagrams.
1-5.
MANUAL CHANGES SUPPLEMENT
An instrument manufactured after the printing of this manual may have a serial prefix that is not listed on the title page. An unlisted serial prefix indicates that the instrument differs in some way from those documented in this manual.
A
“Manual Changes Supplement”
manual
to
provide you with the most current change
is
shipped with this
information available at the time of shipment. In
to
addition
change information the supplement may contain information for correcting errors in the manual.
To keep this manual up
to
date and as accurate as possible, Hewlett-Packard recommends that you peri­odically request the latest Manual Changes Supple­ment. The supplement is identified with the print date and part number that appears on the title page. Complimentary copies of the supplement are available from Hewlett-Packard.
1-6.
DESCRIPTION
1-7.
General
The HP Model 89033 Distortion Analyzer
measurement system covering the frequency range
20Hz
to
100
kHz. The analyzer can perform
is
an audio
of
distortion analysis, frequency count, ac level, dc level, and SINAD measurements. The Distortion Analyzer reduces the number of instruments required in many applications involving audio signal characterization.
The Distortion Analyzer is easy to use. All measure-
or
ments are selected by one
two keystrokes. For
distortion measurements, the Distortion Analyzer
automatically ranges to, and tunes to the input signal. Measurement and output ranges are automatically selected for optimum resolution and accuracy.
The combined capabilities of the instrument are en­hanced by microprocessor control, resulting in more capability than would be available from separate instruments. For example, using the ratio key allows
100%
you to set a
OdB
or
reference for making frequency response measurements. Microprocessor control allows flexible and versatile display formats.
For example, ac level can be displayed in V, mV,
600Q2,
dBm into
watts,
referenced to an entered
or
as a ratio (in % ordB)
or
measured value.
Virtually all functions are remotely programmable through the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB)‘. Programming
is
easy and straightforward. All meas-
urements are made through a single input. This elimi-
to
nates the need
switch between multiple inputs under remote control and reduces software development time and hardware costs. The Distortion Analyzer measures the true rms level on all ac meas­urements. True rms measurements assure greater accuracy when measuring complex waveforms and noise. For those applications where average detection is required, the analyzer can be switched to average responding (rms calibrated) detection via a front­panel key. Accurate distortion measurements typically
to
can be made
20
Hz
and
1-8.
Audio Testing
less than 0.003% (-9OdB) between
20
kHz.
The Distortion Analyzer has numerous features which make audio testing simple and convenient. For example, distortion results can be displayed in ora. volts, dBm into can be displayed in
or
AC level measurements can be displayed in
600Q,
or
watts. Measurement results
%
or
dB
relative to a measured
entered value. Finding the 3dB points of filters
%
and amplifiers is simplified by using the relative display feature. The Distortion Analyzer also features
is
20
bet-
Hz to
high accuracy. The internal Voltmeter flatness
0.5%
(0.05
dB)
ter than
20
kHz. Residual Distortion is typically 0.003% (-90
dB)
over the same range. See Figure
Balanced Input.
The Distortion Analyzer has a selec-
over the range of
1-1.
table balanced input configuration for testing bal-
anced devices. For example, in the quest for higher output power, many audio amplifiers use bridged out-
put stages. Such amplifiers can be difficult
to
charac­terize because their outputs cannot be grounded. To test these devices, the usual approach has been to
use a balanced, calibrated isolation transformer con-
an
nected to
analyzer with an unbalanced input. The balanced input on the Distortion Analyzer make transformers unnecessary. With the analyzer input in the float position, connect the bridged device di­rectly to the Distortion Analyzer
to
make
measurements.
HP-IB:
I
Not just and support that delivers the shortest path to a measurement system.
IEEE-488.
but the hardware, documentation
1-2
Model 89033
General Information
-70
E
w
-75
??
g
-80
U
6
-80
5
-a5
-
I-
a:
-90
--
..
.
Figure
FREQUENCY
1-1.
Typical Analyzer Residual
Distortion
1-9.
Transceiver Testing
The Distortion Analyzer has several measurements
and features specifically designed for transceiver test-
It
ing.
has SINAD measurements for receiver testing, optional internal plug-in weighting filters for testing to international standards, a reciprocal counter for measuring squelch tones, and an optional internal
400
Hz
plug-in
high-pass filter for eliminating squelch
tones when measuring transmitter audio distortion. SINAD is one of the most basic receiver measure-
ments. sensitivity the Distortion Analyzer, the SINAD measurement
It
must be made repeatedly when performing
or
adjacent-channel sensitivity tests. In
is
more heavily filtered than the distortion measurement
to
in order receiver testing. The filtering lent repeatability and speed
smooth the noisy signals encountered in
is
optimized for excel-
(2
readingslsecond
typ-
ical). Some automatic distortion analyzers have a tendency to become untuned when measuring SINAD on noisy signals. The Distortion Analyzer overcomes this problem by providing a front panel key which
locks the notch filter at the input frequency. SINAD ratios less than 25 can be used to round the digital display
cU3,
a Special Function
to
the nearest
For
0.5dl3 to reduce digit flicker.
For
accurate noise ratio measurements, the Distortion
rms
Analyzer uses true
detection for SINAD. Most older instruments employ average detection which reads low for noise. The discrepancy can be 1.5dT3 or greater and varies with the ratio being measured.
For
correlating results with past test data, the Distortion Analyzer’s detector can be switched via a front-panel key to an average responding configuration.
For
transceivers, the Distortion Analyzer has an op-
tional, internal plug-in seven-pole
400
Hz
high-pass
filter for rejecting squelch tones. Rejection of squelch
tones up to audio distortion measurements to
250
Hz
is
greater than
40
dl3.
Therefore,
1
%
residual distortion can be made without disabling the trans­mitter squelch tones.
Under remote control, the Distortion Analyzer can count burst tone sequences. Typically the maximum count rate is 8 ms/reading.
1-10.
Systems
The Distortion Analyzer features capabilities for gen­eral systems applications. The distortion measure­ments are fully automatic, programmable, and fast. The typical time to tune and return the first distortion
1.5
measurement is
2
readingslsecond thereafter. The residual
of distortion of the analyzer is typically
seconds with a measurement rate
0.003%
(-90
dB)
between 20Hz and 20kHz. Often, systems applications involve measuring low
level ac signals. The Distortion Analyzer features a full range ac level display of 0.3000mV with an accuracy of >50 mV and from
4%
of reading
20
Hz to 20
(2%
of reading for levels
kHz).
The ac detector
is switchable between true rms and average respond-
3
dl3
ing detection. The both detectors is greater than
measurement bandwidth for
500
kHz.
Since many systems have noise problems, the
80
Distortion Analyzer has both 30 and filters
to
reject high frequency noise. In addition, the
optional internal plug-in
400
Hz
high-pass filter atten-
uates line-related hum and noise by more than 68
A
special binary programming mode is available in
kHz low-pass
dB.
remote operation. The rapid frequency count mode provides a packed, four-byte output for fast counting over HP-IB.
1-1 1.
OPTIONS
1-1
2.
Electrical Options
Electrical Option
001.
This option provides a rear-
panel (instead of front-panel) connection for the
INPUT and MONITOR connectors.
Internal Plug-in Filter Options.
The Distortion
Analyzer has two internal plug-in filter positions;
each position can be loaded with any one of six
its
optional filters. Each filter is referenced to
corre-
sponding filter position by one of two option numbers.
For
example, the be ordered as Option left-most filter position,
400
Hz High-Pass Filter Option can
010
which corresponds to the
or
as Option
050
which corre­sponds to the right-most filter position. These op­tional plug-in filters can be configured in any combination desired.
If
there
is
no filter ordered
for
a position, a jumper wire is loaded and a label marked
1-3
General Information Model 89033
“No Filter” is placed above the filter key on the front
panel. The following list includes the name and option
numbers for each available filter.
400 Hz High-Pass Filter (Option 010, 050). CCITT Weighting Filter (Option 011, 051). CCIR Weighting Filter (Option C-MESSAGE Weighting Filter (Option 013, 053). CCIR/ARM Weighting Filter (Option 014, 054). “A”
Weighting Filter (Option 015, 055).
Specific information on each plug-in filter option can
be found in the Detailed Operating Instructions in
3
Section
1-13.
The following options may have been ordered and
received with the Distortion Analyzer.
not ordered with the original shipment and are now
desired, they can be ordered from the nearest Hewlett-
Packard office using the part number included in each options are shown in Figure 1-2.
under “Filters”.
Mechanical Options
of
the following paragraphs. The mechanical
Front Handle Kit (Option
increased with the front-panel handles. Order HP part number 5061-9689.
012,
907).
Ease of handling
052).
If
they were
is
the Distortion Analyzer, refer to Remote Operation, Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus in Section 3 of this manual.
1-16.
The Distortion Analyzer. The switches represent a five-bit binary number. This number represents the talk and listen address characters which an HP-IB controller is capable of generating. In addition, two more switches allow the Distortion Analyzer to be set to talk only all HP-IB talk and listen addresses. Refer
Address
1-1
The accessories supplied with the Distortion Analyzer are shown in Figure
Time delay fuses with a 1.5A rating for 100/120 Vac operation 220/240 Vac operation One fuse is installed in the instrument at the time of shipment. The rating of the installed fuse is selected according to the line voltage specified by the customer.
If
stalled fuse will be selected according to the country of destination.
Selecting the HP-IB Address
HP-IB
7.
the voltage
address switches are located within the
or
listen only. A table in Section 2 shows
Selection in Section 2 of this manual.
ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED
1-2.
(HP
2110-0059) and a 0.75A rating for
(HP
2110-0018) are supplied.
is
not specified, the rating of the in-
to
HP-IB
Rack Flange Kit (Option
Analyzer can be solidly mounted to the instrument
rack using the flange kit. Order HP part number
506 1-9677.
908).
The Distortion
Rack Flange and Front Handle Combination Kit
(Option
rack flange kit packaged together; it
a unique part which combines both functions. Order
HP part number 5061-9683.
1-14.
909).
This
is
not a front handle kit and a
is
composed of
HEWLETT-PACKARD INTERFACE BUS (HP-16)
1-15.
The Distortion Analyzer is compatible with HP-IB
to the extent indicated by the following code: SH1,
AH1, T5,
DT1, CO, El. The Distortion Analyzer interfaces
with the bus via open collector TTL circuitry. An
explanation of the compatibility code can be found
in IEEE Standard 488, “IEEE Standard Digital
Interface for Programmable Instrumentation”
identical ANSI Standard MC1.l. For more detailed
information relating to programmable control of
Compatibility
TEO,
L3, LEO, SR1, RL1,
PPO,
DC1,
or
the
For Option adapters (HP 5021-0844) are also supplied for use when double-ended inputs conductor of the banana jack is connected to the center conductor These adapters are used when the front-panel INPUT or
OUTPUT FLOAT switches are set to FLOAT.
1-18.
(Also refer to Service Accessories, Table 1-4.)
1-1
9.
The Distortion Analyzer has an HP-IB interface and can be used with any HP-IB compatible computing controller applications.
1-20.
001
only,
two
type BNC-to-banana-plug
or
outputs are desired. The
of
the BNC adapter connector.
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
HP-I6 Controllers
or
computer for automatic systems
Front-to-Rear-Panel Connectors Retrofit Kit
This kit contains all the necessary components and
full instructions for converting instruments with front-panel connections for INPUT and MONITOR
to
rear-panel connections. Order 08903-60177. After installation and calibration, per­formance will be identical
to
the HP 89033 Option 001.
HP
part number
1-4
Model
89033
General
Information
SPARE INTERNAL FUSES
OPTION
909
RACK FLANGE AND FRONT HANDLE COMBINATION KIT
BNC TO BANANA PLUG ADAPTER
OPTION
907
FRONT HANDLE KIT
NOTE:
Refer
Figure
to
ACCESSORIES
1-2.
HP
SUPPLIED,
Model
for
8903E
OPTION
RACK
more
details.
908
FLANGE KIT
Accessories Supplied, and Options
907, 908,
and
909
1-5
General Information
Model 89033
1-21. Rear-to-Front-Panel Connectors
Retrofit Kit
This kit contains all the necessary components and full instructions for converting instruments with rear­panel connections for INPUT and MONITOR to front-panel connections. Order HP part number 08903-
60178. After installation and calibration, performance will be identical to the standard HP89033.
1-22. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
AVAILABLE
1-23. Chassis Slide Mount Kit
This kit is extremely useful when the Distortion Analyzer is rack mounted. Access and components
or
the rear-panel
to
internal circuits
is
possible without removing the instrument from the rack. Order HP part number 1494-0060 for 431.8mm (17in.) fixed slides, and part number 1494-0061 for the correct adapters for non-HP rack enclosures.
1-24. Chassis Tilt Slide Mount Kit
1-25. RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT
Table 1-3 lists the test equipment recommended for use in testing, adjusting, and servicing the Distortion Analyzer. If any of the recommended equipment is unavailable, instruments with equivalent minimum specifications may be substituted. Table 1-3 also in­cludes some alternate equipment listings.
1-26. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
FOR
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM
The HP Model 89033 Distortion Analyzer combines two instruments into one: a general purpose voltmeter with a tunable notch filter at the input, and a frequency counter. Measurements are managed by a microprocessor-based Controller. This combination forms an instrument that can make most common measurements on audio circuits automatically.
To
add to its versatility, the Distortion Analyzer also has selectable input filters, and HP-IB
programmability. The operation of the instrument is described in the
following order: Voltmeter and Notch Filter, Counter, and Controller. Refer
to
Figure 1-3.
This kit is the same as the Chassis Slide Mount Kit above except it also allows the tilting of the instru-
or
ment up 0062 for 431.8mm
down 90". Order HP part number 1494-
(17
in.) tilting slides, and part number 1494-0061 for the correct adapters for non­HP rack enclosures.
1-27.
Voltmeter and Notch Filter
The amplitude measurement path flows from the INPUT connector to the MONITOR output (on the front panel) and includes the Input and Output RMS/ Average Detectors, dc voltmeter (the Voltage-to-Time
Converter and Counter). Measurements are made on
If
-
-
41
1-6
-1
KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY
0
oonm
D.
Figure
1-3.
Simplified
HP
8903E
Distortion Analyzer
Block
Diagram
Model 89033
General Information
the difference between the signals on the inner
conductor and shield of the INPUT connector
for option bined differential and common-mode levels can be as high as 300V. However, for safety purposes only 42V
maximum is allowed on the outer conductor of the
single BNC input connector when in the FLOAT position.
The input signal is ac coupled for all measurement modes except dc level. The signal Input Attenuator to a level of 3V the active circuits that follow, the Over-Voltage Pro­tection circuit opens whenever its input exceeds 15V. The differential signal signal (that is, a signal referenced to ground) and amplified. In the dc level mode, the dc voltage measured at this point by the dc voltmeter. The signal is further amplified by a Programmable Gain Amplifier which fier and the Differential-to-Single-Ended Amplifier are programmed to keep the signal level going into the Input Detector and Notch Filter between 1.7 and 3 Vrms. This optimizes the effectiveness and accuracy of the amplifiers, particularly in the distortion and SINAD modes.
The output from the first Programmable Gain Ampli­fier is converted to dc by the Ranging RMS Detector, and measured by the dc voltmeter. The output of this detector circuits. The signal then passes through the internal plug-in HP/BP filters to the input RMS/Average detector and becomes the numerator of the SINAD measurement, and the denominator of the distortion measurement (refer The Input RMS/Average Detector make the ac level measurement; the Output RMS/ Average Detector dc level measurements, the Ranging RMS Detector also monitors the ac component lowers the gain of the input path overload the input amplifiers; otherwise, the gain of the input path is determined by measuring the dc level.
filters can be inserted into the signal path. The 400
High-Pass Filter is usually used to suppress line hum,
or
the low frequency squelch tone used on some mobile
transceivers. The Weighting Filters have bandpass
frequency responses that simulate the “average” re-
sponse of human hearing. In the SINAD, distortion,
and distortion level modes, the frequency of the input
signal is counted at the output of the internal plug-in
HP/BP Filters.
001,
the HIGH and LOW connectors. Com-
is
scaled by the
or
less. To protect
is
converted to a single-ended
is
ac coupled. The gain of this ampli-
is
used
to
set the gain of the input
to
Basics of Audio Measurements).
is
not used to
is
used for this measurement. For
(if
there
is
if
the signal will
At
this point, one of the two internal plug-in
or,
is
one) and
Hz
When measuring SINAD, distortion, level, the fundamental of the signal is removed by the Notch Filter. The output from the filter is the distortion and noise of the signal. In the ac level
is
mode, the Notch Filter and low-pass filtering, the output from the Notch Filter is converted to dc by the Output RMS/Average Detector, and measured by the dc voltmeter.
When measuring distortion, distortion level,
SINAD, the Notch Filter the frequency counted at the input to the filter. Coarse tuning is via the Controller. Fine tuning and balance are via circuitry internal to the Notch Filter. In SINAD mode, a front-panel key allows you to lock
the notch at a given input frequency,
notch will not become untuned in the presence noise. The two Programmable Gain Amplifiers, following the Notch Filter, amplify the low-level noise and distortion signals from the Notch Filter. The overall gain of the two amplifiers is normally set to maintain a signal level of 0.3 to 3V output.
The 30 kHz and
the Keyboard. With no low-pass filtering, the 3dB bandwidth of the measurement system is approxi-
mately 750 remove the high-frequency noise components in low­frequency SINAD and distortion measurements. The output from the second Programmable Gain Amplifier drives the front-panel MONITOR output connector. The frequency of this signal Counter in the ac level mode because of the increased sensitivity at this point.
The Output Detector the ac level, SINAD (the denominator), distortion (the numerator), and distortion level modes. used to set the gain of the two Programmable Gain Amplifiers. Both the input and output detectors can be configured via front-panel keys to respond to the absolute average of the signal instead of the true rms value. The Voltage-to-Time Converter converts the dc inputs into a time interval which is measured by the Counter.
1-28.
The Counter frequency, of the signal at its input, then the Controller divides the number of periods by the accumulated count. The reference for the Counter Base which also
Counter has three inputs and two modes of operation:
Counter
80
kHz LP Filters are selected from
kHz.
The filters are most often used to
is
a reciprocal counter. To measure
it
counts the period
is
the clock for the Controller. The
bypassed. After amplifying
is
automatically tuned to
is
also measured by the
is
read by the dc voltmeter in
of
is
or
distortion
so
that the
at
the MONTIOR
It
is also
one
or
more cycles
the 2MHz Time
or
of
1-7
General Information Model 89033
Voltage Measurement.
Voltage-to-Time Converter is counted. The accumu­lated count is proportional to the dc voltage. For direct measurements (ac level, dc level, and distortion
level), the count is processed directly by the Controller and displayed on the right display. ments (SINAD and distortion), the counts of two successive measurements are processed and displayed.
For
SINAD and distortion, the ratio of the outputs of the Input and Output RMS/Average Detectors is computed.
Input Frequency Measurement.
last Programmable Gain Amplifier plug-in HP/BP Filters Input Schmitt Trigger the Counter’s input. The period of the signal is then
counted, the count
and the frequency
The time interval from the
For
ratio measure-
The signal from the
or
the internal
is
conditioned by the Counter
to
make it compatible with
is
processed by the Controller,
is
displayed on the left display.
1-29. Controller
The entire operation of the instrument is under con­trol of a microprocessor-based Controller. The Con­troller sets up the instrument at turn-on, interprets
Keyboard entries, executes changes in mode of opera-
tion, continually monitors instrument operation,
sends measurement results and error messages to the front-panel displays, and interfaces with HP-IB. In addition, circuit operation. For example,
of the Counter, converts measurement results into
ratios (in
useful for servicing the instrument.
1-30. BASICS
The “audio” frequency range is usually taken to be
from
good, but the term is a convenient one to describe
sub-RF frequencies encountered in electronics. The
frequency range of the Distortion Analyzer extends
beyond the audio range
to 100 kHz.
Electronic instrumentation provides most of the tools
for quantitative analysis of audio signals. Thus, if
the signal
or
signal by a transducer of some kind (for example,
strain gauge
Apart from attentive listening to a hi-fi system, the most intuitive way of analyzing an electrical signal in the audio range is visually with an oscilloscope. Here you get a feeling for the signal’s size (loudness), frequency (pitch), and shape (timbre). You can also determine
its
%
20
Hz to
is
acoustic),
if
computing capability is used to simplify
it
forms the last stage
ora),
20
non-electrical (for example, mechanical
it
or
microphone) before it can be analyzed.
these parameters change with time
etc.
It
also contains routines
OF
AUDIO MEASUREMENTS
kHz. Few people have hearing that
to
include fundamentals up
must be converted to
an
electrical
or
are stable, and you can even make some quantitative measurements on it (for example, peak level, dc offset, period, risetime, etc.) Many times, however, the pa­rameter sought does not lend itself to easy visual analysis. Thus, the Distortion Analyzer was designed.
It
combines into one instrument a series of general and specialized instruments, under microprocessor control, that make quantitative measurements on audio signals of any general waveshape.
it
easy for you to obtain accurate,
1-31. AC Level
Consider the very common measurement of a signal’s ac rms level. To make this measurement with an oscilloscope, you must first decide the nature of the
signal, because from it, the relationship of the peak level to the rms level can be mathematically determined. If the signal is sinusoidal, for example, the rms value is the peak amplitude divided by
This measurement voltmeter which electronically measures the rms level and displays the result. However, no other informa­tion about the signal is provided. The Distortion
Analyzer contains both an rms and an average re-
sponding voltmeter. The rms level of the signal is
displayed whenever the AC Level mode is selected.
The average level can be displayed by pressing the
AVG/RMS key. (When the LED is lit, the analyzer
is
in Average mode.) A special function is also pro-
vided which converts the measurement result into
watts
for a specified (external) load resistance (access-
able only through HP-IB). Another important ac signal characteristic is the vari-
ation in level vs. frequency (flatness).
can easily set a reference level (such as
particular frequency (such as
change in level as the input frequency is changed.
(The external source’s level otherwise, Analyzer makes this measurement easier in two ways. First, the reference can be set to the press of a button (the RATIO key). Second, the results can be logged into a controller over HP-IB to be plotted on a printer
An additional parameter related to ac level is gain, and more often, gain vs. frequency. To make a gain
measurement, measure the input to the device, then the output, and take the ratio. You first
source as desired, then either measure
a reference (press RATIO). Then measure the output.
The result can be expressed in either desired, an external source can be swept and the gain plotted as a function of frequency.
it
is
greatly simplified with
Of
1
kHz) and monitor the
is
assumed to be flat;
too must be checked.) The Distortion
100%
or
plotter.
set
5.
an
course you
1V)
or
OdB
an
external
it
or
set it
%
or&.
rms
at a
by
as
If
1-8
Model
89033
1-32. Frequency
Another common and basic measurement is
frequency. With an oscilloscope, you simply determine
the time interval between like points on the repetitive
waveform and take the reciprocal. With a frequency counter, frequency
is
measured electronically and displayed. The measurement is easier and usually much more accurate than could be made visually with
an
oscilloscope.
The Distortion Analyzer contains a counter which
displays the frequency of the input signal for all ac
It
measurements. is a reciprocal type;
should be noted that the counter
it
measures the period of the
signal (as you do with an oscilloscope) and computes
the reciprocal of this technique
to
obtain the frequency. The advantage
is
that for low (audio) frequencies, higher resolution is obtained in a shorter measurement time.
1-33.
Although not part of an audio signal, dc level
DC
Level
is
a quantity often encountered in audio equipment (for example, bias voltages and outputs from ac-to-dc con-
vs.
verters). Sometimes plots of dc level
frequency are desired (as in the case of an ac-to-dc converter). The Distortion Analyzer has dc level as one of its measurement modes.
1-34. Signal Impurities
Distortion and SINAD are used to describe the impur-
ity content of a signal. These terms are somewhat related and can often be confused. A pure signal
is
defined as a perfect sinusoid, that is, one whose
frequency spectrum contains only a single spectral component. Impurities are not always undesirable. Impurities, for example, are what add character to
the sound of musical instruments. Pure signals in
music sound monotonous. However, when testing a linear audio system,
if
a pure signal is applied to the input, anything but a pure signal at the output indicates that the system
is
degrading the signal. There are several common
classifications
of
impurities: harmonic distortion (har-
monics of the fundamental), intermodulation
distortion (beat signals
of
two
or
more non-related signals), noise (random signals), and spurious signals (for example, line hum and interference). All but intermodulation distortion are easily measured by the Distortion Analyzer.
1-35. Distortion
Harmonic distortion on a spectrally pure signal is
created by non-linearities in the circuit through which
General Information
it
passes. The non-linearities can arise in the transfer
or
characteristics of the active devices
the active device into saturation
by running
or
cutoff. Often, distortion can be reduced by reducing the signal level, filtering,
or
adding negative feedback.
According to Fourier mathematics, the non-linear terms in the circuit’s transfer function give rise to
harmonics of the signal. Total harmonic distortion
(THD) is usually defined as the ratio of the rms sum of the harmonics to the rms level of the fundamental. The ratio is usually converted to
%
ora.
An oscilloscope gives only a rough indication of the
A
amount of distortion present on a signal.
rule of thumb
is
that
if
the non-linearity causing the
general
distortion is “gentle” (for example, not clipped), a
trained eye can discern distortion as low a
an oscilloscope display. Figure amples of waveforms with nents that combined to produce them
1-4
shows several ex-
5%
THD and the compo-
(5%
5%
on
distortion would be considered quite high in a quality hi-fi amplifier).
An audio spectrum analyzer, which allows the user to see the magnitude of all harmonics, is perhaps the best instrument to measure harmonic distortion. The audio spectrum analyzer method, however, requires a fairly expensive instrument and some mathematical manipulation.
The traditional method of measuring distortion (ac­cepted by the Institute of High Fidelity2 and others)
is
is with a distortion analyzer. The method
simple and adequate for most situations. With a distortion analyzer, you simply measure the signal level and set
it
up as a reference, then you insert a notch filter, tuned to the frequency of the fundamental, and measure the output of the filter relative to the input. This is the method used by the Distortion Analyzer
in the DISTN mode where the tuning and measuring
are done automatically. When using the distortion
it
is
analyzer method, the measurement result
as
distortion”
defined above except under the condi-
important to understand that
is
not “total harmonic
tion that the distortion is not too excessive but that
it
does predominate over any other signal impurities.
Some examples will illustrate these restrictions. Consider the case of excessive harmonic distortion.
10%
Let us use the example of a signal with
actual
total harmonic distortion in which all the distortion
comes from the second harmonic. The second har-
monic is then
*The Institute
Measurement ity, Inc.,
New
20
m
below the fundamental as viewed
of
High Fidelity, Inc., Standard Methods
For
Audio
York
Amplifiers,
(1978),
p.
9.
The Institute
of
High Fidel-
Of
1-9
General Information Model
89033
on a spectrum analyzer. When this signal is measured by a distortion analyzer, an error results from the
first
part of the measurement (measuring the input level) because the input level is not quite the same as the level of the fundamental. If the fundamental level were
0.1
be
1
Vrms, the second harmonic level would
Vrms (one-tenth
of
the fundamental). The
total input level (measured with a true rms voltmeter)
is the rms sum of the two components, namely,
Input
=
v/(1)2
+
or
0.5%
high. Thus, the measurement result would
be
9.95%
distortion instead of the true
you can see
(0.1)2
that
the distortion must really be excessive
=
1.005V
10%.
Actually,
to affect the measurement significantly.
Now consider the case where other types of impurities are significant. Suppose the actual total harmonic distortion is component that has a level that is
1%
but that there is an additional hum
1%
of the funda­mental level. The distortion measured by a distortion analyzer will be
1.4%
(that is,
40%
or
3
dB
high). How, then, can you be sure that the result is a valid measurement of distortion? One way the MONITOR output with an oscilloscope.
is
to observe
If
the
waveform is clean and harmonically related to the
is
fundamental, the measurement
it
monic distortion. If
is not, selectable filters are
actual total har-
provided to remove unwanted signals. Use the op­tional Use the
400
30
Hz
High-Pass Filter to remove line hum.
kHz
or
80
kHz Low Pass Filter to remove out-of-band noise. However, select only filters that do not affect the fundamental and the harmonics
interest. Sometimes it is desired
to
include hum and
of
noise as part of the “distortion” measurement. For
this reason, the measurement is often referred to
as
a THD+N (total harmonic distortion plus noise) measurement
1-36.
.
SINAD
For most practical purposes the SINAD measurement, as made by the Distortion Analyzer, is equal to the reciprocal
of
the distortion measurement.
It
is
usually
expressed indB. The notch filter is coarsely pro-
grammed to the input frequency by the microproces-
sor
(but fine tuned to the signal at
its
input). When measuring SINAD in the presence of large amounts of impurities, a front-panel key locks the coarse tuning of the notch filter at the correct input frequency.
SINAD Distortion. The ratio (normally expressed in
is
an acronym for SIgnal, Noise, And
dF3)
com-
puted in the SINAD measurement is
rms
value
of
signal,
SINAD
=
20
log
rms
value
noise and distortion
of
noise and distortion
The equation eliminates the two restrictions discussed in connection with the distortion measurement.
SINAD ity of
is
used most often in determining the sensitiv-
a
receiver. Receiver sensitivity
is
defined
as
the RF level that, when modulated in a specified manner with a pure audio tone, creates a certain
SINAD (usually
12dB)
at the receiver’s audio
10
or
output. (The tone can just be discerned in the noise.)
Sometimes a noise weighting filter is required in the receiver sensitivity measurement. Optional plug-in Weighting Filters modify the frequency response of the Distortion Analyzer with a bandpass characteris-
that
tic
approximates the response of human hearing. Weighting Filters which meet most international standards are available.
1-10
Model
89033
General Information
I
SIN X AND
SIN X
+
0.05
0.05
SIN 2X
SIN 2X
SIN X AND
SIN X
+
0.05
0.05
COS
COS
2X
2X
Figure
SIN X AND
SIN X
1-4.
Several Waveforms Each
+
0.05
0.05
SIN 3X
SIN 3X
With
5%
SIN X AND
SIN
THD
and the Signal Components Which Produced Them
X
+
0.05
0.05
COS
COS
3X
3X
1-11
General Information Model
Table
1-1.
Specifications
All parameters describe performance in automatic operation or with properly set manual controls with a 1/2-hour warrnup period.
MEASUREMENT
Characteristic
SINAD
Fundamental
Frequency Range
Display Range
Accuracy
Input Voltage Range
Performance Limits
20
Hz
to
100 kHz
0
to
99.99
dB
21 dB
e2
dB
50 rnV to 300V
20 Hz to 20 kHz to 100 kHz
(1
of
4)
Conditions
20
kHz (unfiltered or with low-pass filters)
89033
Residual Noise and
Distortion (the higher
of)
DISTORTION
Fundamental
Frequency Range
Display Range
Accuracy
Input Voltage Range
Residual Noise and
Distortion (the higher of)
AC
LEVEL
Full Range Display
Overrange Accuracy
-80 dB or 15 pV
-70 dB or 45 pV
-65 dB or 45
20 Hz to 100 kHz
0.001% to 100%
(-99.99
21 dB
e2
dB
50
rnV
to 300V
-80
dB or 15 pV
-70 dB or 45
-65 dB or 45
300.0V, 30.00V,
3.000V, .3000V,
30.00 rnV,
3.000 rnV, .3000 mV
33%
2
2%
2
4%
e
4%
pV
to 0 dB)
pV
UV
20 Hz to
20
50 kHz to 100 kHz;
20 Hz to
20
kHz; 80 kHz BW
Hz to 50 kHz;
20
kHz (unfiltered or with low-pass filters)
500
500
kHz BW
kHz BW
20 kHz to 100 kHz
20
Hz to
20
kHz; 80 kHz BW
20
kHz to 50 kHz;
50 kHz to 100 kHz; 500 kHz BW
Except on the 300.0V range
50 rnV to 300V; 50 rnV to 300V;
0.3
rnV
to 50rnV;
500
kHz BW
20
Hz to 20 kHz
20
kHz to 100 kHz
20
Hz
to 100 kHz
DC
LEVEL
Full Range Display
Overrange Accuracy
1-12
300.0V, 48.00V,
16.00V,
33%
e 1
.O%
e6 rnV
4.00V
of reading
Except on the 300.0V range 600 mV Vin <600 rnV
to
300V
Model
89033
Table
1-1.
Specifications
(2
of
4)
General
Information
Characteristic
FREQUENCY
Measurement Range
Resolution
Accuracy Sensitivity
STANDARD AUDIO FILTERS
30 kHz Low-pass Filter
3 dB Cutoff Frequency
Rolloff
80 kHz Low-pass Filter
3 dB Cutoff Frequency
Rolloff
MEASUREMENT
Performance Limits
20 Hz to 20 Hz to
5
digits
0.01
~(0.004%
50
5.0
30
3rd order response,
18 dB/octave or
60 dB/decade
80 24 kHz 3rd order response,
18 dB/octave or
60 dB/decade
Hz
mV
mV
t2
kHz
150
100
+1
kHz
kHz
digit)
(Cont'd)
Conditions
In ac level mode
In
distortion and SINAD modes
Frequencies
Frequencies
Distortion and SINAD modes only In ac level mode only
>lo0
Hz
400 Hz
PLUG-IN AUDIO FILTERS
400 Hz Highpass Filter
3 dB Cutoff Frequency Rolloff
CCllT Weighting Filter
Deviation from Ideal Response:
CClR Weighting Filter
Deviation from Ideal Response:
400 240 Hz 7th order response:
42 dB/octave
140 dB/decade
20.2 dB
21
dB
+2 dB
23
dB
+0.1 dB
+0.2 dB
20.4 dB
20.5 dB
~1.0
dB
22.0
dB
or
CCllT Recommendation P53
20
to 55"C, 80% relative humidity At 800 Hz 300 Hz to 3 kHz
50
Hz to 3.5 kHz
3.5
kHz to 5 kHz
CCIR Recommendation 468-2, DIN 45405
20
to 55OC, 80% relative humidity
At 6.3 kHz
7.1
10
31.5
kHz
kHz
kHz
10
kHz to
20
kHz
6.3 kHz to
7.1
kHz to
200 Hz to 6.3 kHz
31.5
Hz to 200 Hz,
20
kHz to
1-13
General Information
Table
1-1.
Specifications
(3
of
4)
Model
89033
I
I
~~
Characteristic
PLUG-IN AUDIO FILTERS
(Cont'd)
C-MESSAGE Weighting Filter
Deviation from Ideal Response:
CCIR/ARM Weighting Filter
Deviation from
Ideal Response:
"A"-Weight Filter
Deviation from Ideal Response:
Performance
20.1
dB
21.0
dB
20.1
dB
20.2
dB
20.4
dB
20.5
dB
21.0
dB
22.0
dB
20.1
dB
20.5 dB
21.0
dB
MEASUREMENT
Limits
'er BSTM
!O
to
At 1 kHz
60
XIR Recommendation
3olby Labs bulletin No.
20
to
At
6.3
7.1
200
31.5 20
IEC Recomendation meter
20
to 55OC,
At 1 kHz 20
10
(Cont'd)
41004
55"C,
80%
Hz to 5 kHz
55OC,
80%
6.3
kHz kHz to kHz to
kHz to
Hz to kHz to
Ht
Hz to
to
7.1
10
6.3
200
31.5
80%
10
20
kHz
Conditions
relative humidity
486-2,
19/4.
relative humidity
kHz kHz kHz
Hz, 10 kHz to kHz
179
and ANSI
relative humidity
kHz
averaging responding meter,
20
kHz
3.4,
type 1 sound level
TEMPERATURE
Operating Storage
INPUT TYPE
MAXIMUM INPUT
INPUT IMPEDANCE
Resistance
Shunt Capacitance
COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO
REMOTE OPERATION
0"
to
55OC
-550
to
75OC
Balanced
42V
Peak
42V
Peak
100
kSZ
21%
101
kSZ
21%
<300
pF
>60
dB
>45
dB
>30
dB
HP-IB STD Compatibility Code: SH1,
L3,
LEO
PPO,
AH1,
SRI,
DC1,
488-1978
T5, TEO,
RL1,
DT1 , CO,
Full differential
Differentially applied, or between high input and ground.
Between low input and ground.
Except in dc level mode In dc level mode only
Each terminal to ground
20
Hz to 1 kHz,
20
Hz to 1 kHz
20 Hz to
The Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB) is Hewlett-
Packard Company's implementation of "Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation". All func­tions except the line switch and ground switch are remotely controllable.
El
20
kHz
VIN
<
2V
the
IEEE
low
terminal float/
Std.
488-1 978,
1-14
Model
89033
General
Information
I
I
I
I
Characteristic
~ ~~
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Line Voltage
100, 120, 220,
240 Vac
100, 120 Vac
POWER DISSIPATION CONDUCTED AND
RADIATED INTERFERENCE (EMI)
CONDUCTED AND RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY
NET
DIMENSIONS Envelope)
Height
Width
Depth
(Full
Table
Performance Limits
+5%,
-10%
+5%,
-10%
100
V.A maximum
MIL STD 461B
MIL STD 461B-1980
11.8 kg (26 Ib)
15.9 kg
146 mm 425 mm (16.8 in.) 462 mm (18.2 in.)
(35
(5.75
Ib)
in.)
1-1.
Specifications
(4
of
4)
GENERAL
Conditions
48
to
66 Hz
48 to 440 Hz
Conducted and radiated interference
CS02,
CEO3
and
RS03
requirements of methods and FTZ 526/527.
Conducted and radiated susceptiblity meets the requirements
of
methods CSO1,
(1 volt/meter) of MIL STD 4618 dated 1980.
Net Shipping
Note: For ordering cabinet accessories, the module sizes are
51/4H
x
1MW
x
17D.
and
is
within the
RE02
of MIL STD 461B
Table
1-2
All parameters describe performance in automatic operation or with properly set manual controls.
SINAD
Detection Resolution:
cial Function 16.0 will round the display to the
nearest half dB to reduce .digit flickering with noisy signals.
Tuning:
frequency.
Time
Measurement Rate:
DISTORTION
3
Detection: Displayed Resolution:
0.0001%
0.001
0.01
0.1
Time Measurement Rate: 2 reading+ typical.
AC LEVEL
AC Converter:
crest factor of detection.
true rms or rms calibrated average.
0.01 dB. For ratios less than 25 dB, Spe-
notch filter is tuned to counted input
to
Return First Measurement:
2.0
readings/s typical.
dB Measurement Bandwidth:
true rms or rms calibrated average.
(<0.1%
YO
(0.1
YO
(3%
'10
(>30°/o
to
Return First Measurement:
distortion)
YO
to
3%
distortion)
to
30%
distortion)
distortion)
true rms responding for signals with
13
or rms calibrated average
1.5s
typical.
10
Hz to 500 kHz.
1.5s
typical.
Supplemental Information
MEASUREMENT
AC
LEVEL (cont'd)
3
dB Measurement Bandwidth:
Time
to
Return First Measurement:
Measurement Rate:
DC LEVEL
Time
to
Return First Measurement:
Measurement Rate: 3 readingls.
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT
Measurement Rate:
selected.
Counting Technique:
base.
AUDIO FILTERS
400
Ht High-Pass Filter Rejection:
>65dB at 60Hz.
Monitor
Output
Output Impedance: 600fl.
In
ac level mode, provides scaled output of
measured input signal.
In
SINAD, distortion, and distortion level modes, provides scaled output fundamental removed.
>500
kHz.
<1.5s typical.
2.5 readings/s.
4.5s typical.
same as measurement mode
reciprocal with 2 MHz time
>40 dB at 240 Hz;
of
input signal with the
1-
15
General Information
Model
89033
Instrument Type
AC Calibrator
Audio Synthesizer
Computing Controller
DC Standard
Digital Voltmeter
Critical Specifications
Accuracy: 0.5%, 7 mV Flatness: ~0.1%, 20 Hr to 100 kHz, <6V Output Current: 60 mA Frequency Accuracy:
Frequency Range:
Frequency Accuracy: 54ppm Output Range: 3V into 600Q Output Attenuation Accuracy: 20.075 dB, to 0.3 mV range
HP-16 compatibility as defined by IEEE Std. 488 and the
identical ANSI Std. MC1.l: SHl, AH1, T2, TEO L2, LEO, PPO, DCO, DTO, and C1, 2, 3, 4,
Output Range: 3 mV to 300V
Accuracy:
AC Accuracy: r0.2% at 6 Vrms and 1 kHz
DC Accuracy: +0.2% at 1V
?0.1%
to
25%
20
Ht to
20.3 mV
300V, 20
500
kHz
Hz
5.
to
100
kHz
SRO,
Suggested Model
HP 745A and
HP 746A, Datron 4200 or Fluke 5200A and Fluke 521 5A
HP 3336C
HP 9825A/ 98034Al98213A or HP85B Opt. 007
HP 7408 or
Datron 4000 or
Fluke 893AR
Frequency Standard
Oscilloscope
Power Supply
Resistor 100kQ
Signature Analyzer
Test Oscillator
True RMS Voltmeter
Frequency: 0.1,
Accuracy:
Bandwidth: <3 dB down 0 to 10 MHz Sensitivity: Input Impedance:
Triggering: Internal and External
output: to 215v HP 6215A
Accuracy:
Because the signatures documented are unique to a given
signature analyzer type, no substitution recommended.
Frequency: 1 kHz Output: 30 Vpp
Type: true rms responding Level Range: 100 mV to Frequency Range: 20 Hz to Accuracy: Coupling: ac
1,
2,
5,
or 10 MHz
rl
ppm
5
mV per division minimum
1
MQ
5
0.1 O/O
1OV
500
20.2%
of
range 50.2%
kHz
of
of
reading
types is
House Standard
HP 1740A
HP 0698-7497
HP 5005A
I
I
HP
3310A
I
HP 3403C
A
CAT
T
P
T
I
I
IT
I
P
I
1-16
Model
89033
Table
1-4.
Service Accessories
General Information
Accessory
Digital Test/ Extender Board
Extender Board Extender Board Foam Pad
The performance tests, adjustments, and troubleshooting procedures are based on the assumption that the recommended test equipment equipment may require modification of some procedures.
Specifications Suggested Model
No
substitution recommended
44
contacts
30
contacts
Conductive polyurethane foam,
(2 X 22), 3 (2
X
15),
2
required required
12 x 12 X 0.25
NOTE
is
HP
08903-6001 8
HP
08901 -60084
HP
08901 -60085
inches (nonmagnetic) HP
4208-0094
used. Substituting alternate test
1-17
Model
89033
Installation
Section
INSTALLATION
2-1.

INTRODUCTION

This section provides the information needed to in­stall the Distortion Analyzer. Included is information pertinent to initial inspection, power requirements, line voltage and fuse selection, power cables, intercon­nection, mating connectors, operating environment, instrument mounting, storage, and shipment. In addi­tion, this section also contains the procedure for set­ting the internal HP-IB talk and listen address switches.
2-2.
INITIAL INSPECTION
pZiiE-1
To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion
of
the outer enclosure (covers, panels,
meters).
Inspect the shipping container for damage. shipping container
it
should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the instru­ment has been checked mechanically and electrically. Procedures for checking electrical performance are given in Section 4. If the contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical damage instrument does not pass the electrical performance test, notify the nearest Hewlett-Packard office. shipping container terial shows signs of stress, notify the carrier as well as the Hewlett-Packard office. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.
2-3.
PREPARATION
2-4.

Power Requirements

or
cushioning material is damaged,
or
defect,
is
damaged,
FOR
or
the cushioning ma-
USE
or
If
if
the
the
If
the
2
This
is
a Safety Class I product (that
provided with a protective earth terminal).
An
uninterruptible safety earth ground
must
be provided from the mains power
source to the product input wiring termi-
or
nals, power cord, set. Whenever
has
tion be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation.
If this instrument is to be energized via
an external autotransformer, make sure
the
connected to the earthed pole of the power source.
2-5.
Line Voltage
BEFORE PLUGGING THIS INSTRU­MENT into the Mains (line) voltage, be
sure the correct voltage and fuse have been
selected.
Verify that the line voltage selection card and the fuse are matched to the power source. Refer to Figure
Line
2-1, Fuses may be ordered under
0059,
1.5A
tion and 2110-0018, 0.75A (250V, time delay)
220/240 Vac operation.
2-6.
Power Cables
been impaired, the product
autotransformer’s common terminal is
Voltage and Fuse Selection.
(250V time delay) for 100/120 Vac opera-
supplied power cord
it
is
likely that the protec-
and
Fuse Selection
HP
part numbers 2110-
is,
must
for
(WARNING
To avoid the possibility of hazardous elec­trical shock, do not operate this instrument
at line
with line frequencies greater than
Leakage currents at these line settings may
exceed
The Distortion Analyzer requires a power source of
100, 120, 220,
Hz single phase
to
440
VA
maximum.
voltages greater than
3.5
mA.
or
240 Vac, +5% to -lo%, 48 to
or
100, 120 Vac, +5%
Hz
single phase. Power consumption is
1
126.5 66
to
Vac
Hz.
-lo%,
66
48
100
I
WARNING
BEFORE CONNECTING THIS IN­STRUMENT, the protective earth termi­nals of this instrument
the
protective conductor of the (Mains)
to
power cord. The Mains plug shall only be
inserted a protective earth contact. The protective action must not be negated by the use an extension cord (power cable) without a
protective conductor (grounding).
in
a socket outlet provided with
1
must
be connected
of
2-
1
Installation
Model 89033
This instrument is equipped with a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate ac power receptacle, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet. The type of power cable plug shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination.
2-2
Refer to Figure
for the part numbers of the power
cables available.
2-7.
HP-IB
Address
Selection
a
This task should be performed only by serv­ice trained persons who are aware of the
potential shock hazard of working on an
instrument with protective covers removed.
To
avoid hazardous electrical shock, the line (Mains) power cable should be discon­nected before attempting to change the
HP-IB
address.
In the Distortion Analyzer, the HP-IB talk and listen addresses are selectable by an internal switch. The
following procedure explains how the switches are to
2-1
be set. Refer to Table
and listen addresses. The address
"\"
a Talk address of
binary, this
is
11100;
and a listen address of
in decimal
for a listing of the talk
is
factory set for
"<".
(In
it
is 28.)
To
change the HP-IB address, the top cover of the Distortion Analyzer must be removed.
a.
Disconnect the line (Mains) power cable. Remove any HP-IB cables or connectors from
b.
the HP-IB connector.
c. Remove the Distortion Analyzer top cover.
1.
Remove the two plastic feet from the rear of the top cover by removing the panhead Pozi­driv screw within each foot.
Unscrew the Pozidriv screw at the center
2.
of
the rear edge of the top cover. This is a captive screw and will cause the top cover to pull away from the front frame.
3. Lift off the top cover.
Operating voltage
1.
2.
3.
2-2
IS
shown in module window.
Open cover door,
Remove
Push
the
the card
Line Voltage Selection Card. Position the card
firmly
Rotate the Fuse
the cover door.
pull
Pull
the
FUSE
into
the
lever to
Figure
To
avoid the possibility shock, do not operate this instrument at line voltages greater than 126.5 Vac with line fre­quencies greater than 66 at these line settings may exceed 3.5
PULL
lever and rotate
to
left. Remove the
so
the line voltage appears at top-left cover.
slot.
its
normal position. Insert a fuse of the correct value
2-1.
Line Voltage and Fuse Selection
fuse.
of
hazardous electrical
Hz
(leakage currents
in
the holder. Close
mA).
Model
89033
Installation
I
1
250v
250v
250v
8120-1351 8120-1703
8120-1369 8120-0696
8120-1689 8120-1692
@
I
125V
fi
250V
8120-1378 8120-1398 8120-1754 8120-1378 8120-1521 8120-1676
8120-2104 3
Cable
HP Part
Number
0
Straight'BS1363A
6
90"
0
4
7
Straight'CEE7-Y11
2
90"
5
Straight*NEMA&15P
5
90"
7
Straight'NEMA5-15P
1
Straight'NEMA5-15P
6
90" Straight'NEMA5-15P
2
Straight'SEVl 1959-24507 Type 12
Plug
Description
01
1
Cable
Length
(inches)
I
I
90 90
79 79
80 80 36 80 80 36
79
Cable
Color
Mint Gray Mint Gray
Gray Gray
Mint Gray Mint Gray
Black Black
Black Jade Gray Jade Gray Jade Gray
Gray
For Use
In Country
United Kingdom, Cyprus, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Singapore
Australia,
New Zealand
East and West Europe, Saudi Arabia, Egypt,
So.
Africa, India (unpolarized in many nations)
United States,
Canada, Japan (1OOV or 200V), Mexico,
Phillipines, Taiwan
Switzerland
250v
a
no
I
I
220v
~
250v
'Part number shown for plug is industry identifier for plug only. Number shown for cable is HP Part Number for com-
plete cable including plug. E
=
Earth Ground:
8120-0698 6
8120-1957 8120-2956
8120-1860 6
L
=
Line;
N
Figure
Straight'NEMA6-15P
2
3
Straight'CEE22-VI (Systems Cabinet use)
=
Neutral
2-2.
Power Cable and Mains Plug Part Numbers
Gray Gray
United States, Canada
Denmark
2-3
Installation
Model
89033
d. Locate the HP-IB address switch accessable
through a hole near the center rear of the internal shield cover.
Use a pencil to set the switches to the desired
e.
HP-IB address and Talk Only Only (LON) condition. The switch
in Figure switch (marked with a address bit
2-3.
Facing the board, the left hand
“5”)
(A5
in Table
(TON)
or
is
illustrated
Listen
is the most significant
2-1).
Setting a switch
toward the printed circuit board places it in its
“1”
position. If the TON and LON switches are
“l”,
both set to If the address switches and the all set to
the Talk Only setting will override.
TON
switch are
“l”,
the Distortion Analyzer will output
one byte (the status byte) each measurement
cycle. (Setting all switches to
“1”
defeats HP-IB
operation.)
-Table
00010 00011
01100
01101 01110 01111
10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110
2-1.
Allowable HP-IB Address Codes
B
C
L
M
N
0
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
-
#
I
0
1
2
3 4
5
6
2
3
12
13 14
15 16 17
18
19
20
21
22
Figure
f.
g.
2-3.
The HP-IB Address Switch Shown Set
by
the Factory. The Address Shown
is
11100
and Listen Only
in Binary with Both Talk
Off.
as
Only
Reinstall the top cover by reversing the procedure
c
in step
above.
Connect the line (Mains) power cable to the Line Power Module and reconnect the HP-IB cable
to the HP-IB connector.
h.
To confirm the setting, refer to HP-IB Address in the
Detailed Operating Instructions
in
Section3 of this manual.
2-8.
Interconnections
Interconnection data for the Hewlett-Packard Inter­face Bus
is
provided in Figure
2-4.
2-4
0
11100 11101 1111111101
Y
Z
\
1
n
9
<
- -
>
1
25
26
27
28 29
30
Model
89033
Installation
Temperature Humidity
Altitude
.....................
........................
.............
<4570
meters
0°C
to
<95%
(15
+55”C
relative
000
feet)
2-1 1. Bench Operation
The instrument cabinet has plastic feet and foldaway tilt stands for convenience in bench operation. (The plastic feet are shaped to ensure self-aligning of the instruments when stacked.) The tilt stands raise the front of the instrument for easier viewing of the front panel.
2-12. Rack Mounting
1-1
The Distortion Analyzer is heavy for its
size
(11.8
kg,
26
lb). Care must be exercised when lifting to avoid personal injury. Use equipment slides when rack mounting.
DO NOT
the bottom panel. Since this instrument
does not
that good ventilation be provided.
for 1 to 2 inches clearance around the
bottom panel.
Rack mounting information is provided with the rack mounting kits. instrument as options, they may be ordered through the nearest Hewlett-Packard office. Refer graph
1-13,
2-13. STORAGE
BLOCK
use
If
Mechanical Options,
the ventilation holes in
a cooling fan, it is important
the kits were not ordered with the
in Section
AND
SHIPMENT
Allow
to
1.
para-
Temperature Humidity Altitude
2-1
5.
Packaging
Original Packaging.
cal to those used in factory packaging are available through Hewlett-Packard offices. is
being returned to Hewlett-Packard for servicing, please fill out one of the blue tags located at the end of this manual. Include on the tag the type of service required, return address, model number, and full serial number and attach container “FRAGILE” to assure careful handling. In any correspondence refer to the instrument by model number and full serial number.
Other Packaging.
should be used for re-packaging with commercially available materials:
a.
Wrap the instrument in heavy paper (If shipping to a Hewlett-Packard office center, complete one of the blue tags mentioned above
Use a strong shipping container. A doublewall
b.
carton made of
is
adequate.
Use enough shock-absorbing material
C.
mm layer; 3 to 4 inches) around instrument movement in the container. Protect the front panel with cardboard.
..................
........................
.............
and
attach
to
provide a firm cushion and prevent
15
300
Containers and materials identi-
it
to
the instrument.
The following general instructions
it
to the instrument.)
2.4
MPa
(350
-55°C
<95%
meters
(50
If
the instrument
psi)
test
all
to
+75”C
relative
000
Mark
or
plastic.
or
service
material
(75
to
sides
feet)
the
100
of
2-14. Environment
The instrument should be stored in a clean, dry
environment. The following environmental limita­tions apply to both storage and shipment:
Seal the shipping container securely.
d.
Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE
e.
sure careful handling.
to
as-
2-5
Model
89033
SIGNAL GROUND SHIELD -CONNECT TO
P/O TWISTED PAIR WITH
P/O
TWISTED PAIR WITH SHOULD BE GROUNDED P/O TWISTED PAIR WITH NEAR TERMINATION
OF
OTHER WIRE
TWISTED PAIR
OF
P/O TWISTED PAIR WITH P/O TWISTED PAIR WITH
P/O TWISTED PAIR WITH
ISOMETRIC THREAD M3.5 24-PIN MICRO-RIBBON
11
10
8
Installation
ATN EARTH
SRQ
9
7
6
IFC NDAC NRFD DAV EO1 Dl0 DIO 3
Dl0
DIO
(SERIES
4
2
1
GROUND
57)
CONNECTOR
logic levels
The Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus logic levels are
0.0
Vdc to
+0.4
Vdc and the false (0) state is 2.5 Vdc to +5 Vdc.
TTL
compatible, that is, the true
(1)
state is
Programming and Output Data Format
Refer to Section 3, “Operation”.
Mating Connector
HP 1251 -0293; Amphenol 57-30240.
Mating Cables Available
HP 10631A, 1 meter (3.3
HP 10631C, 4 meters (13.2
ft),
HP 10631B, 2 meters (6.6
ft),
HP 10631D,
0.5
ft)
meters (1.6
ft)
Cabling Restrictions
1.
A
Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus system may contain no more than 2 meters (6.6
connecting cable per instrument.
2. The maximum accumulative length of connecting cable for any Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus
is
system
20 meters (65.6
ft).
ft)
of
Figure
2-4.
Hewlett-Packard Interface
Bus
Connection
2-6
Model
89033
Operation
Section
OPERATION
3-1.
INTRODUCTION
3-2.

General

This section provides complete operating information for the Distortion Analyzer. Included in this section
are descriptions of all front and rear-panel controls, connectors, and indicators, remote and local opera-
tor’s checks, operating instructions, and operator’s
maintenance.
3-3.
Operating Characteristics
Table characteristics of the Distortion Analvzer. The table is not intended to be an in-depth listing of all opera­tions and ranges but gives
capabilities. Analyzer capabilities, refer to the description in Sec­tion
plemental Information.
capabilities, refer to the summary contained in Table
3-3,
3-
1
briefly summarizes the major operating
an
idea of the instrument’s
For
more information on the Distortion
1;
Table
1-1,
Specifications;
For
information on
Message Reference Table.
and Table 1-2,
HP-IB
Sup-
3
In single-ended (FLOAT switch grounded position)
switch in FLOAT position) operation, the input signal voltage is not to exceed
when referenced to ground, on the high INPUT connector (inside conductor of the BNC).
In differential (FLOAT switch position) operation, the peak voltage on
low
the
of
Before the Distortion Analyzer is switched on,
power source, or damage to the instrument
may result.
If the Distortion Analyzer
LINE
the plugged in, follow these instructions.
INPUT connector (outer conductor
the BNC) is not to exceed
it
must
switch
or
differential (FLOAT
in
42V.
be set to the voltage of the
is
already plugged in, set
to
ON.
If the power cable
in
300V
FLOAT
is
not
A
3-4.
Turn-On Procedure
pziz-1
Before the Distortion Analyzer on, all protective earth terminals, extension cords, auto-transformers, and devices con­nected to it should be connected to a pro-
tective earth socket. Any interruption the protective earth grounding will cause
a potential shock hazard that could result
in personal a common ground exists between the unit under test and the Distortion Analyzer
prior to energizing either For continued protection against fire haz-
ard, replace the line fuse with a delay fuse of the same rating. Do not use
repaired fuses
fuseholders.
To avoid the possibility of hazardous elec­trical shock, the input signal voltage on the outer connector (referenced to ground), is not to exceed mode.
injury.
In addition, verify that
or
short-circuited
42V
peak
is
switched
unit.
250V
in
the FLOAT
of
time
1.
Check that the line voltage setting matches the power source
2.
Check that the fuse rating is appropriate for the line voltage used (see Figure are given under paragraph
Maintenance.
3.
Plug in the power cable.
4.
Set the
When
front-panel indicators
imately ment is ready to be operated.
3-5.

Local Operation

Information covering front-panel operation of the Distortion Analyzer below. ment, begin with the Simplified Operation and Opera­tor’s Checks. Once familiar with the general operation of the instrument, use the Detailed Operating Instruc­tions for in-depth and complete information on opera-
ting the Distortion Analyzer.
To
(see
Figure
LINE
rapidly learn the operation of the instru-
switch to
the LINE switch
4
seconds after which the instru-
is
2-1).
2-1).
Fuse Ratings
Operator’s
3-8,
ON.
NOTE
is
set to ON, all
will
light for approx-
given in the sections described
3-
1
Operation
Model 89033
Simplified Operation.
pages under
introduction to front-panel operation of the Distortion Analyzer. It is designed to rapidly orient the novice user with basic procedures and, therefore,
is not an exhaustive listing of all Distortion Analyzer
functions. However, an index to the Detailed Opera­ting Instructions appears in Table 3-2 to guide the
operator to the more complete discussion of the topic
of interest.
Panel Features.
connectors are illustrated and described in Figure 3-1.
This figure describes the functions of the various key groups and summarize briefly how to use them. Rear­panel features are shown in Figure 3-2.

Simplified Operation

Front-panel controls, indicators, and
Detailed Operating Instructions.
ating Instructions provide the complete operating
reference for the Distortion Analyzer user. The in-
structions are organized alphabetically by subtitle. Not only do the instructions contain information on the various measurements that can be made (listed under titles such as AC Level, Distortion, etc.) but there are also individual discussions of nearly all
controls, inputs, and outputs, (for example,
RMS Detector, Monitor, etc.). Also included are in-
structions for using the many User Special Functions
(for example, Hold Settings, Functions, etc.). The Detailed Operating Instructions are indexed by function in Table 3-2.
Each section contains a general description which
covers signal levels, ranges, and other general informa-
tion. Following the description are related procedures,
an operating example, the relevant HP-IB codes, front panel indications, and, where pertinent, a description
of the technique the Distortion Analyzer uses to make
the measurement.
comments intended to guide the user away from
measurement pitfalls and to help get the most out
of
the Distortion Analyzer. Also included are refer­ences to other sections which contain related informa­tion. The Detailed Operating Instructions are de-
so
signed can rapidly find at one location all the information needed to apply the instrument to the task at hand.
that both casual and sophisticated users
Information on subsequent
provides a quick
The Detailed Oper-
Error
At
the end of each discussion are
Disable, Special
AVG/
basis for applying the Distortion Analyzer to various measurement situations. Basics of Audio Measure­ments is a general discussion of audio measurements.
It
is
intended to provide an intuitive understanding of audio measurements, rather than an in-depth math­ematical analysis.
3-6.
Remote Operation
The Distortion Analyzer is capable of remote opera­tion via the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB).
Instructions pertinent to HP-IB operation cover all
considerations and instructions specific to remote op-
eration including capabilities, addressing, input and
output formats, the status byte, and service requests.
At
the end of the discussion is a complete summary
of all codes and formats. In addition to the section described above, informa-
tion concerning remote operation appears in several other locations. under paragraph 2-7 in Section of program strings appear throughout the Detailed
Operating Instructions described under Local Opera-
tion above.
3-7.
Operator’s Checks
Operator’s checks are procedures designed to verify the proper operation of the Distortion Analyzer’s main functions. scribed below.
HP-IB
Two
Basic Functional Checks.
an
audio oscillator, oscilloscope, and inter-connecting
It
cables. functions are being properly executed by the Distortion Analyzer.
assumes that most front-panel controlled
HP-IB Functional Checks.
requires an HP-IB compatible computing controller
and an HP-IB interface and connecting cable. The
HP-IB Functional Checks assume that front-panel
operation has been verified (for example, by perform-
ing the Basic Functional Checks). The procedures
check all of the applicable bus messages summarized
in Table 3-3.
Address selection is discussed
2.
Numerous examples
procedures are provided
This procedure requires
This series of procedures
as
de-
Supplemental Information.
mation described above, several other discussions per­tinent to the operating of the Distortion Analyzer to its fullest capabilities are contained in Section this manual. Principles of Operation Block Diagram is the Distortion Analyzer is, and how it information supplements the block diagrams given in the Detailed Operating Instructions and provides a
3-2
a
fundamental description
In addition to the infor-
1
of
for
a Simplified
of
what
works.
This
3-8.
Operator’s Maintenance
pG-1
For continued protection against fire haz-
ard, replace the line fuse with a
of
delay fuse use repaired fuses
fuseholders.
the same rating
or
only.
short-circuited
250V
Do
time
not
Model
89033
Operation
The only maintenance the operator should normally
of
perform is the replacement located within the Line Power Module instructions on 2-1 steps
how
to change the fuse, refer to Figure
1
and 3 in Section 2,
the primary power fuse
(A14).
For
Installation.
Fuses may be ordered by looking up the reference
designator ordering the correct part number for 100/120 Vac
F1
in Section
6,
Replaceable Parts,
and
or
for 2201240 Vac operation (both fuses are 250V time delay).
Table
3-1.
Operating Characteristics Summary
Operating Parameter
Input
Limits
~ ~ ~~
Measurements
(including counter frequency measurements except in DC Level)
Frequency: Level:
Impedance:
be selected.
AC LEVEL:
.3000 mV to 300.0V in seven ranges. DC LEVEL 0 to 300 Vdc. Full range display from 4.000V to 300.0V in four ranges. SINAD:
20
Hz
to
=O
to 300V ac or dc.
100
kQ (except DC Level);
=O
to 300 Vac;
50
mV to 300V;
100
NOTE
If
the instrument does not operate properly
and is being returned to Hewlett-Packard
for
service, please complete one
repair tags located at the end of this man-
ual
and
attach it to
to paragraph
2-15
the
instrument. Refer
in Section
2
ing instructions.
CaDa
bilities
kHz
(150
kHz, AC Level)
101
kQ (DC Level); floating input can
20
Hz to
150
kHz. Full range display from
20
Hz to
100
kHz. Display range 0 to 99.99 dB.
of
the blue
for
packag-
Detection
r
Audio
Filters
Manual Operation
DISTN: True rms or average detection.
HP/BP FILTER-Up to
LP FILTER
Average and rrns detection, notch tune, ratio, log/linear, filter selection and measurement selections can be manually controlled.
All
be controlled via the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus.
50 mV to 300V; 20 Hz to 100 kHt. Display range -99.99 to
two
of
the following HP/BP filters may be installed: HIGH PASS 400 Hz: 400 240 CCllT Weighting: Recommendation P53. CClR Weighting: CClR 468-2, C-MESSAGE: BSTM #41009 FIG A-Weighting: ANSI S1.4, IEC rec 179, DIN 45633 CCIR/ARM Weighting: Dolby Labs
LOW PASS
30 kHz: 30 80 kHz: 80 24 kHz (3 dB cutoff).
Distortion Analyzer operations except the LINE and FLOAT switches can
22
kHz (3 dB cutoff).
Hz
(3 dB cutoff)
DIN
45405
1
0
dB.
3-3
Operation
Model
8903E
2 3
1
17
1.
HP-IB
Annunciators indicate remote operation
status.
2.
LCL
(local) key returns the Distortion Analyzer to
keyboard control from remote (HP-IB) control.
16
4
15
FLOAT
1
required.
LOW
12. frequency noise.
5
67
14
13
switch provides floating input when
PASS
30 kHz and
12
8
80
kHz filters reject high
9
10
11
3.
Frequency Display
frequency units.
4.
MEASUREMENT CYCLE
measurement cycle.
5.
The
two
Numeric Displays
measurement results, error codes, or instrument Special Function status.
6.
Measurement Display
measurement result units.
7.
RATIO
in % or dB relative to a reference.
8.
LOG/LIN
9.
Analyzer to make and display the selected
10.
key causes measurements to be displayed
key causes results to be displayed in loga-
rithmic or linear units.
MEASUREMENT
measurement.
INPUT
couples measurement signal into the instru-
ment.
Annunciators indicate the
Indicator blinks after each
show
the frequency,
Annunciators indicate the
keys command the Distortion
or
13.
RIGHT-MOST OPTIONAL PLUG-IN FILTER
lects the filter that is installed in the right-most filter slot. The C-Message Weighting (bandpass) Filter
053)
(Option
ing to BSTM
14.
LEFT-MOST OPTIONAL PLUG-IN FILTER
the filter that is installed in the left-most filter slot. The CClR Weighting (bandpass) Filter (Option 012)
shown weights receiver testing according Recommendation
15.
NOTCH TUNE
control between Auto Tuned and Hold mode (locking the Notch Filter at its current frequency setting).
16.
MONITOR OUTPUT
scaled voltage output representing the input signal. In SINAD, distortion, and distortion level modes, provides
with fundamental removed. Output impedance is
shown weights receiver testing accord-
41004.
key selects
468-2,
key switches the Notch Filter tune
a
scaled voltage output of the input signal
DIN
45405.
in ac level mode, provides a
6009.
17.
LINE
switch applies power
to
when set
ON.
to
the Distortion Analyzer
key se-
to
CCIR
3-4
Figure
3-1.
Front-Panel Features
Model
SI
Measurement
Filters
89033
M
PLI
F
I
ED OPE RATION
For ac level or distortion measurements, press:
AC
fi
Operation
or
LOW
30
I.1
LOG
PASS
kH2
Corresponding
Fllter
[.I
V
0
LIN
or mV
wno
RATIO
.
I
HP/BP
LP
RATIO and LOG/LIN
RATIO
LOG/LIN
Filter
To
activate any
Filter
To
activate the
To
set the displayed measurement as the ratio reference, press:
To convert from linear to logarithmic (or from logarithmic to linear) measurement units, press:
I
I
I
of
the optional plug-in filters, press:
LOW
PASS
Measurement
Mode
AC
LEVEL
30
kHz
filter, press:
1-
I
RATIO
I
on
ofl
LOG
dBm into 600Q dBm into
600Q
o(@>
.
Duringpower
up,
the Distortion Analyzer
I
--
NOTE
I
is
initialized and set to automatic operation.
I
I
3-5
Operation
Table
3.2 . Detailed Operating Instructions Table
of
Contents (Functional Listing)
Model
89033
Section
Measurements
AC Level Common Mode
DC Level Detector Selection
Distortion Distortion Level (HP-IB
controlled only)
SINAD
Filters
Filters (Low.Pass.
High.Pass. Bandpass) Notch Tune Post-Notch Detector Filtering
Data Manipulation
Display Level in Watts (HP-IB
controlled only)
Hold Decimal Point (HP-I6
controlled only)
Ratio and Log/Linear
Errors
Error Disable Error Message Summary
...........................
......................
...........................
....................
...........................
.....................
..............................
.........................
.....................
.....................
........................
...............
...........
.................
..............
Page
3-33 3-36
3-39 3-41
3-43
3-45 3-78
3-51 3-67 3-68
3-42
3-57 3-73
3-47 3-48
Section
Special Functions
Detector Selection Display Level in Watts (HP-IB
controlled only) Error Disable Hold Decimal Point (HP-IB
controlled only) Hold Settings (HP-IB controlled only)
HP-IB Address Input Level Range (DC Level) (HP-IB
controlled only) Input Level Range (Except DC Level)
(HP-IB controlled only) Notch Tune
Post-Notch Detector Filtering
(HP-IB controlled only) Post-Notch Gain (HP-IB controlled only) Read Display to HP-IB (HP-IB
controlled only) Service Request Condition (HP-IB
controlled only) Special Functions (HP-IB
controlled only) Time Between Measurements (HP-IB
controlled only)
HP-IB
HP-IB Address Rapid Frequency Count
Read Display to HP-I6 Service Request Condition
....................
.....................
........................
.....................
.......................
.....................
..............
.........................
..............
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.......................
...............
................
.............
....
.
Page
3-41
3-42 3-47
3-57
3-58
3-59
3-61
3-62 3-67
3-68 3-69
3-75
3-76
3-80
3-86
3-59 3-70
3-75 3-76
Inputs and Outputs
Float
...............................
Monitor
3-6
.............................
3-55 3-64
Miscellaneous
Automatic Operation .................. 3-35
Default Conditions and
Power-Up Sequence
Float
...............................
................
3-40 3-55
Mode1
89033
HP-IB Connector
lyzer
to
the Hewlett-Packard Interface
remote operations. When in remote mode, the
front-panel
connects the Distortion Ana-
REMOTE
annunciator lights.
Bus
for
Fuse.
1.50A (250V, time delay) for 100/120 Vac.
0.75A
(250V, time delay) for 220/240
Operation
Vac.
\
Serial Number Plate.
letter comprise the prefix that denotes the in­strument configuration. The last five digits form the suffix that is unique
First
four
numbers and
to
each instrument.
/
Line Power Module
100,
120, 220, in window indicates nominal tine voltage which instrument must be connected (see Fig-
ure 2-1). Center conductor is safety earth ground.
permits operation
or
240
Vac. The number visible
from
to
Figure
3-2.
Rear Panel Features
1
3-7
Operation
3-9
OPERATOR’S CHECKS
Model 89033
OPERATOR’S CHECKS
3-10.
DESCRIPTION
Basic Functional
Using only an oscilloscope and an audio oscillator, the overall operation
Checks
Analyzer is verified.
OSClLLOSCOPE
In
II
I I
U
00
I
VERTICAL
0
INPUT
Figure
EQUIPMENT Audio Oscillator
.......................................
Check
OFF,
and then back
PROCEDURE:
Oscilloscope
Preliminary
1.
Remove any cables
to
display segments and decimal points, and key lights turn on. All LEDs should light
for approximately three seconds.
8903E
STORT
ION
ANAL
onno
0
€%?on
Functional Checks Setup
3-3.
D
I
I
Basic
........................
from
the Distortion Analyzer’s INPUT. Set the LINE switch
to
ON and note
.YZER
~
~~
INPUT
I
0
IO
-
HP339A or HP 8903B
that
the front-panel LED annunciators,
OUTPUT
HP1740A
AUDIO
OSC
of
the Distortion
I
LLATOR
2.
After the turn-on sequence, the left display should show
0.000
kHz
and the right display should show a low flickering value in mV. In addition, the measurement cycle annunciator in the upper left-hand corner of the right display should be blinking and the AC
3.
Connect the audio oscillator output
LEVEL
a BNC-to-BNC cable. Set the FLOAT switch
4.
Connect the oscilloscope
5.
Set the audio oscillator frequency of the audio oscillator, show the amplitude should show a
6.
Press the RATIO key. The RATIO light should light. The right display should show
1
kHz
and LOW
to
to
of
the audio oscillator, at approximately
(1
ms period) sine wave
PASS
80
kHz keys should light.
to
the INPUT of the Distortion Analyzer with
to
the ground position. See Figure
the MONITOR output. See Figure
1
Vrms
at 1 kHz. The left display should show the
at
approximately 1 kHz. The right display should
of
approximately 7 Vpp.
3-3.
1V.
The oscilloscope
100%.
NOTE
In this and the following
steps,
the displays
may
vary
a few least-significant
digits.
Press the AVG/RMS key. The AVG/RMS key should light. The right display should
7.
remain at approximately 100%.
3-3.
Model
89033
Operation
OPERATOR’S
8.
Press the AVG/RMS key. The AVG/RMS key should light. Set the FLOAT switch
CHECKS
to FLOAT. The right display should remain at approximately 100%.
9.
Set the FLOAT switch back to ground. Press the LOG/LIN key. The right display should show
Filter
Check
10.
Adjust the frequency (but not the level) of the audio oscillator kHz) until the right display reads and
88
11.
Press the LOW
kHz.
0.00
dB.
PASS
-3
dB.
The left display should show between
30 kHz key. The LOW
PASS
(to
approximately
30 kHz key light should light. Adjust the frequency (but not the level) of the audio oscillator (to approximately 30 kHz) until the right display reads -3
dB.
The left display should show between
and 34 kHz.
12.
Press the LOW 100 kHz. The right display should show between
13.
If the instrument has option 010 400
Hz
HIGH PASS key light should light. Adjust the frequency of the audio
oscillator (to approximately 400
PASS
30 kHz key again to turn it off. Set the audio oscillator to
-1
and
1
dB.
or
050
installed, press 400
Hz)
until the right display reads -3
Hz
HIGH
dB.
display should show between 360 and 440Hz.
PASS.
The left
80
72
26
The
14.
Press the filter key listed in the following table for the filter option installed in the instrument. The respective key light should light.
For
each filter, set the audio oscillator frequency as shown in the following tables. Verify that the level ratio in the right display is within the limits shown for each frequency.
Oscillator Frequency
300
800
3
000
3
500
5
000
Oscillator Frequency
(Hz)
(Hz)
Ratio limits (dB)
-12.1
to
-9.1
-0.4
to
+0.4
-7.1
to
-4.1
-11.5
to
-5.5
-40.0
to
-32.0
Ratio Limits (dB)
1
200
6
300
7 100
10
000
20
000
31.5
-31.4
-14.5
+12.0
+11.7
+7.5
-23.7
to
to
to
to
to
to
-28.4
-13.1 +12.4
+12.3
+8.7
-20.7
3-9
Operation
Model 89033
OPERATOR’S
CHECKS
Table for C-Message Weighting Filter (Option
Oscillator Frequency
100 500
1
000
3
000
5
000
Table for
CCIRIARM
Oscillator Frequency
31.5
200
6 300
7
100
10
000
20
000
Oscillator Frequency
(Hz)
Ratio limits
-44.0
to
-9.0
to
-0.2
to
-4.0
to
-30.0
to
Weighting Filter (Option
(Hz)
(Hz)
Ratio Limits
-37.0
to
-20.1
to
+6.4
to
+6.1
to
11.9
to
-29.3
to
Ratio Limits
013
(dB)
-41.0
-6.0 +0.2
-1.0
-27.0
014
(dB)
-34.0
-18.7 1-6.8
+6.7
+3.1
-26.3
(dB)
or
or
053)
054)
-30.9
to
to
to to
to
to
-29.5
-10.3 +0.2 +1.9
-1.8
-7.8
1
2
10
20
50
200
000 000
000
000
-11.7
-0.2 +0.5
-3.2
-10.8
Distortion Check
Set all filters
15.
on
the Distortion Analyzer off. Press the
LOW
PASS 80 kHz key.
Press the DISTN key. The DISTN key light should light.
1
Set the audio oscillator frequency to
16. or
less.
SINAD
17.
18.
19.
Check
Press the S (Shift) SINAD keys. The SINAD key light should light. The right display should show 80
dB
or
more. Press the Notch Tune key. The NOTCH TUNE Set the audio oscillator frequency to 890 Hz. The right display should show between
12
and 19
dB.
kHz. The right display should show 0.01%
KEY
light should light.
3-10
DC Level
20.
Check
Press the S (Shift) and DC LEVEL keys. The DC Level light should light. The right display should show between -10 and 10mV. (With an ac voltage applied to
the input, the reading will not be steady.)
Model 89033
3-1
1.
HP-I6
Operation
OPERATOR’S CHECKS
Functional Checks
DESCRIPTION:
The following ten procedures check the Distortion Analyzer’s ability to process all
of
the applicable HP-IB messages described in Table Analyzer’s ability to recognize its HP-IB address is checked and all of the bus handshake, and control lines except D108 (the most significant
are
used by the Distortion Analyzer) procedures do not check whether properly interpreted and executed by the instrument, however, if the front-panel operation is good, the program codes, in all likelihood will be correctly implemented.
The validity
The Distortion Analyzer performs properly when operated via the front-panel keys (that is, in local mode). This can be verified with the Basic Functional Checks.
The bus controller properly executes HP-IB operations.
The bus controller’s HP-IB interface properly executes the HP-IB operations.
If the Distortion Analyzer appears to fail any above assumptions should be confirmed before attempting to service the instrument.
The select code of the controller’s HP-IB interface the Distortion Analyzer is assumed code-address combination (that is, 728) is not necessary for these checks to be However, the program lines presented here would have to be modified combination.
of
these checks
is
based on the following assumptions:
set to both their true and false
or
not
all
Distortion Analyzer program codes are being
of
these HP-IB checks, the validity of the
to
be
28
(its
address
3-3.
In addition, the Distortion
is
assumed to be
as
set
at
data
line which
7.
The address
the factory). This select
for
states.
any other
or
send
data,
is These
valid.
not
of
These checks are intended to be as independent of each other as possible. Nevertheless, the first four checks should be performed in order before other checks are selected. Any special initialization
INITIAL SETUP:
EQUIPMENT:
The test setup bus controller via the HP-IB interface. Do not connect any equipment Analyzer’s INPUT.
HP-IB Controller

Address Recognition

NOTE
This check determines whether addressed and when it is not. This check assumes only that the Distortion Analyzer can properly handshake on the bus. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s
LINE switch to OFF, then
-or-
-or-
is
the same
. . . . . .
or
requirements for a check are described at its beginning.
for
all
of
the checks. Connect the Distortion Analyzer to the
to
HP 9825A/98213A (General and Extended HP 85B option HP 9000 Model 226
or
not the Distortion Analyzer recognizes when it is being
to
ON.
007
or
any HP 9000 series 200 Computer
1/0
the Distortion
ROM)
3-11
Operation
Model 89033
OPERATOR’S CHECKS
Description
Set the Remote Enable
(REN)
line false. Send the Distortion Analyzer’s listen address.
OPERATORS
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator is off and that
RESPONSE DRESSED annunciator is on.
Unaddress the Distortion Analyzer ing a different address.
OPERATOR’S
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators
RESPONSE are off.
Remote and Local Messages and the LCL
NOTE
This check determines whether the Distortion Analyzer properly switches from local to remote control, instrument
from
remote to local control, and whether the LCL key returns the
to
local control. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer both handshake and recognize Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch to
bus
Key
its
control
HPL
IC1
wrt
7
728
BASIC
LOCAL
OUTPUT
7
728
its
by
send-
wrt
729
OUTPUT
729
is
able
own address. Before beginning this check, set the
OFF,
then
to
ON.
AD-
to
Send the Remote message mote Enable,
REN,
Distortion Analyzer to listen).
OPERATOR’S
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators
RESPONSE are on.
Send the Local message to
Analyzer.
OPERATORS
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator is off but its ADDRESSED
RESPONSE annunciator is on.
Send the Remote message
Analyzer.
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators are on. Press the LCL key on the Distortion Analyzer. Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator is now off, but that its ADDRESSED annunciator remains on.
~ ~~
(by
setting Re-
true and addressing the
the
Distortion
to
the Distortion
rem
Id
rem
728
728
728
REMOTE
LOCAL
REMOTE
728
728
728
3-12
Model 89033
Operation

Sending the Data Message

NOTE
This check determines whether messages when addressed to talk. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer able to handshake and recognize its own address. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch is complete, press the DISTN key.
Address the Distortion Analyzer to store its output data in variable
E96
since there is no signal at its INPUT.)
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
put is
Display the value
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator DRESSED annunciator is on. The controller’s display should read 9009600000.00 (HPL) or
9009600000 (BASIC).
Receiving the Data Message
OPERATOR’S
Description
of
V.
CHECKS
or
not the Distortion Analyzer properly issues Data
to
OFF,
then to ON, then after the power-up sequence
talk
V.
(The out-
and
HPL
red 728,V ENTER 728;V
dsp
V
is
BASIC
PRINT
off but that
V
its
is
AD-
NOTE
This check determines whether
or
not the Distortion Analyzer properly receives Data messages. The Data messages sent also cause the be placed in both their true and false states. This check assumes the Distortion Analyzer is
able to handshake, recognize
its
own
transitions. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch
OFF,
then to
ON.
Description
OPERATOR’S
RESPONSE
Send the first part (enabling the Distortion Analyzer to remote).
Address the Distortion Analyzer to listen (completing the Remote message), then
a
send Distortion measurement).
Data message (selecting the
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators are on. Check also that
of
the Remote message
its
Distortion key light
Local Lockout and Clear Lockout/Set Local Messages
NOTE
This check determines whether
or
not the Distortion Analyzer properly receives the Local Lockout message, disabling all front-panel keys. The check also determines whether not the Clear Lockout/Set Local message is properly received and executed by the Distortion Analyzer. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer is able to handshake, recognize its own address, and properly make the remote/local transitions. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch to
7
least significant HP-IB
data
lines to
address and properly make the remote/local
to
HPL
rem 7 REMOTE 7
wrt
728,“M3 OUTPUT 728;“M3”
is
on.
BASIC
or
OFF,
then to ON.
3-
13
Operation
Model
89033
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
Clear
Message
Send the
first
OPERATOR’S
Description
part
of
the Remote message
CHECKS
HPL
rem
BASIC
7
REMOTE
7
(enabling the Distortion Analyzer to remote).
Send the Local Lockout message.
Address the Distortion Analyzer to listen
I10
wrt
7
728
LOCAL
OUTPUT
LOCKOUT
728
7
(completing the Remote message).
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators
its
are on. Press the Distortion Analyzer’s LCL key. Both
REMOTE and ADDRESSED
annunciators should remain on.
Send the Clear Lockout/Set Local message.
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator
IC1
7
LOCAL
is
off
but its ADDRESSED
7
annunciator is on.
7
NOTE
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
This check determines whether Clear message. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer is able
its
recognize
own address, make the remote/local changes and receive Data messages.
Before beginning this check set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch to
or
not the Distortion Analyzer properly responds
to
handshake,
OFF,
then to
to
the
ON.
Description
Send the first part (enabling the Distortion Analyzer
of
the Remote message
to
remote).
Address the Distortion Analyzer to listen
rem
wrt
728,”M3
HPL
7
BASIC
REMOTE
7
OUTPUT 728;”M3” (completing the Remote message), then send a Data message that selects the Distortion measurement.
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators are on and that the Distortion key light is also on.
Send
the
Clear message (setting the
Distortion Analyzer’s measurement to
AC
clr 728 RESET 728
LEVEL).
OPERATORS RESPONSE
3-14
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators are on and that the AC LEVEL key light is on.
~
Model 89033
Operation
~~~~ ~
Abort
NOTE
Message
This check determines whether or not the Distortion Analyzer becomes unaddressed when
it
receives the Abort message. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer to handshake, recognize its own address, make the remote/local changes, and enter serial poll mode. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch to
OFF,
Send
Analyzer.
OPERATORS RESPONSE are on.
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators
Send
Distortion Analyzer to listen.
OPERATOR’S CHECKS
then to ON.
Description
the Remote message to
the
Abort message, unaddressing
the
Distortion
the
HPL
rem
cli
728
7
BASIC
REMOTE
ABORT10
728
7
is
able
OPERATORS RESPONSE
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s ADDRESSED annunciator BASIC “ABORTIO” statement sends both the Abort message and the Local message.
if
HPL
is
Thus remain on.
being used, the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator should
If
BASIC
is
being used, the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator
should turn off.
Send
the
OPERATOR’S
Local message
Address
store
the
its
output data
Distortion Analyzer
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator is off but that its AD-
in
variable
(HPL
RESPONSE DRESSED annunciator is on.
Send
the Abort message, unaddressing
Distortion Analyzer to talk.
OPERATOR’S
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE
RESPONSE off.
only).
to
talk and
V.
the
red
IC1
728.V
cli
is
off. Note that the
7
(The Local message was
sent
with
already
ABORT10
7
the
statement
above.)
ENTER
7
an
ADDRESSED annunciators are
728:V.
ABORT10
7
3-15
Operation
a
OPERATOR’S CHECKS
Send
the
serial poll-enable bus command
(SPE) through the interface to place the
Distortion Analyzer in serial-poll mode.
wti 0,7; wti 6,24
Model 89033
SENDBUS 728; 1,24
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
OPERATORS RESPONSE
Status
NOTE
Byte
Send Special Function 61.3
On the Distortion Analyzer, the right display should show Analyzer
Send the Abort message, removing the
Distortion Analyzer from serial-poll mode.
Check that the Distortion Analyzer’s right display shows Analyzer properly left serial-poll mode upon receiving the Abort message.
is
in serial-poll mode (indicated by the
wrt
728,”61.3SP” OUTPUT 728; “61.3SP
1.0.
This indicates the Distortion
“1”).
cli 7 ABORT10 7
0.0.
This indicates the Distortion
Message
This check determines whether or not the Distortion Analyzer sends the Status Byte message in both the local and remote modes. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer is able changes. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch to then to ON.
Place the Distortion Analyzer in serial-poll mode and address it to talk (causing it to send the Status Byte message).
to
handshake, recognize its own address, and make the remote/local
Description
HPL
rds (728)
-
V
BASIC
STATUS 728;V
OFF,
OPERATORS RESPONSE
Display the value of V.
Check that Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE annunciator
of
vintage
annunciator may be either on
0
(BASIC).
Send the Remote message.
Place the Distortion Analyzer in serial-poll mode and address it to talk (causing it to send the Status Byte message).
Display
the HP-IB interface (HPL) used, the Distortion Analyzer’s ADDRESSED
or
off. The controller’s display should read
the
value of V.
dsp V PRINT
rem 728 REMOTE 728
rds (728)
-
dsp V PRINT V
is
off. Depending upon the
0.00
V
STATUS 728;V
V
(HPL)
or
1
3-16
Model 89033
Operation
a
OPERATOR’S

Require Service Message

NOTE This check determines whether
Service message (set the SRQ bus control line true). This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer
is
able to handshake, recognize
and receive Data messages. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s
OFF,
LINE switch to
then to ON, then after the power-up sequence is complete, press
the DISTN key.
Description
Send
the
first
part of the Remote message
(enabling
Address
(completing
the
Distortion Analyzer to remote).
the Distortion Analyzer to listen
the
Remote message) then a Data message (enabling a Require Service message to
be
sent upon Instrument Error).
Make the controller wait 2 seconds to allow
time
for
the
Distortion Analyzer to send the
Require
necessary
Service message.
if
sufficient time
(This
is
allowed.)
CHECKS
or
not the Distortion Analyzer can issue the Require
its
own address, make the remote/local changes,
step
is
send
not
HPL
rem
wrt
728.”22.4SP
wait
7
OUTPUT
2000
BASIC
REMOTE
728;“22.4SP
WAIT
2000
7
Read the binary status of the controller’s HP-IB interface and store the data
ble V
(in
this
step,
7
is
the interface’s select
code).
OPERATORS
RESPONSE
Display
step,
Check that the SRQ value Service message.
7
the
is
value of the
the SRQ
SRQ
bit,
numbered from
Trigger Message and Clear Key Triggering
NOTE
This check determines whether message and whether the CLEAR key serves as a manual trigger in remote. This check assumes that the Distortion Analyzer is able to handshake, recognize its own address, make the remote/local changes, and send and receive Data messages. Before beginning this check, set the Distortion Analyzer’s LINE switch to the power-up sequence is complete, press the DISTN key.
rds
(7) - V
in
varia-
bit
(in
(in
this
0).
is
1,
indicating the Distortion Analyzer issued the Require
or
not the Distortion Analyzer responds to the Trigger
dsp“SRQ=”,
(7 7V)
bit
OFF,
STATUS
PRINT “SRQ=”;BIT
then to ON, then, when
7; V
(V,7)
3-17
Operation
a
Model 89033
OPERATORS RESPONSE
OPERATOR’S
Description
Send the
(enabling the Distortion Analyzer to remote).
Address the Distortion Analyzer to listen (completing the Remote message), then send a Data message (placing the Distortion Analyzer
Send the Trigger message.
Address the Distortion Analyzer to talk and
store the data
Display the value
Check that both the Distortion Analyzer’s REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators
are on. The controller’s display should read 9009600000.00 (HPL)
first
part
in
Hold mode).
in
variable
of
the Remote message
V.
of
V.
CHECKS
wrt
red
HPL
rem
728,
trg
dsp
7
728
728,
V
“Tl”
V
~~~
REMOTE
OUTPUT
TRIGGER
ENTER
PRINT
or
9009600000 (BASIC).
728;
728
728;V
V
7
“Tl”
OPERATOR’S RESPONSE
Address the Distortion Analyzer to talk and
I
store the data
Check that the controller’s “run” indicator is still on indicating that it has not received data from the Distortion Analyzer. Press the Distortion Analyzer’s keys (instrument clear). The controller’s “run” indicator should turn off.
in
variable
V.
red
728,V
I
~ ENTER~~~:V-~
S
(Shift) AVG/RMS
3-18
Model 89033
Operation
3-12. REMOTE OPERATION, HEWLETT-
PACKARD INTERFACE
The Distortion Analyzer can be operated through the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB). Bus compat­ibility, programming, and data formats are described in the following paragraphs.
Except for the LINE switch, the low terminal ground/ FLOAT switch, and the Controller Reset Service Spe­cial Function, all Distortion Analyzer operations (in­cluding service related functions)
programmable via HP-IB. In addition, rapid
frequency count capabilities (not available from the front-panel) are provided in remote operation. the Special Functions and the distortion level measurement mode are available only through HP-IB control.
A
quick test of the HP-IB
HP-IB Functional Checks. These checks verify that the Distortion Analyzer can respond of the applicable bus messages described in Table 3-3.
For more information about HP-IB, refer to IEEE
488,
Standard
Packard Electronic Systems and Instruments catalog,
and the booklet, “Improving Measurements in Engi-
neering and Manufacturing” (HP part number
5952-0058).
ANSI Standard MC1.1, the Hewlett-
BUS
1/0
is described under
to
or
are fully
All
send each
3-13. HP-IB Compatibility
The Distortion Analyzer’s complete bus compatibility
(as defined by IEEE Standard ANSI Standard MC1.l) is described at the end of Table 3-3. Table 3-3 also summarizes the Distortion Analyzer’s HP-IB capabilities in terms bus messages in the left-hand column.
488,
and the identical
of
the twelve
3-14. Remote Mode Remote Capability.
Analyzer’s front-panel controls are disabled (excep­tions are the LCL key and the Clear Key Function,
S
(Shift) AVG/RMS). However, front-panel displays and the signal at various outputs remain active and valid. In remote, the Distortion Analyzer may be addressed to talk the Distortion Analyzer will respond to the Data, Trigger, Clear (SDC), and Local messages. When ad­dressed to talk, the Distortion Analyzer can issue the Data and Status Byte messages. Whether addressed
or
not, the Distortion Analyzer will respond
Clear (DCL), Local Lockout, Clear Lockout/Set
In remote, most of the Distortion
or
listen. When addressed to listen,
to
the
Local, and Abort messages, and in addition, the Distortion Analyzer may issue the Require Service message. Local-to-Remote Mode Changes. The Distortion Analyzer switches to remote operation
of
upon receipt message has two parts. They are:
Remote enable bus control line (REN) set true Device listen address received once (while REN is
true)
When the Distortion Analyzer switches to remote,
both the REMOTE and ADDRESSED annunciators
its
on
3-15.
front panel will turn on.
Local
Local Capability.
front-panel controls are fully operational and the in­strument will respond to the Whether addressed Clear, Local Lockout, Clear Lockout/Set Local, and the Abort messages. When addressed to talk, the instrument can issue Data messages and the Status
Byte
message, and whether addressed or not,
issue the Require Service message.
Remote-to-Local Mode Changes.
Analyzer always switches to local from remote when-
it
ever
Lockout/Set Local message. (The Clear Lockout/Set Local message sets the Remote Enable control line
[REN] false.) If Distortion Analyzer switches whenever its front panel LCL key
receives the Local message (GTL)
the Remote message. The Remote
Mode
In local, the Distortion Analyzer’s
Remote message.
or
not,
it
will also respond to the
The Distortion
or
the Clear
it
is
not in Local Lockout mode, the
to
local from remote
is
pressed.
it
can
3-16. Addressing
The Distortion Analyzer interprets the byte on the
data
bus’ eight
if the
bus line (ATN) true and interface clear control line (IFC) false. Whenever the Distortion Analyzer is being ad­dressed (whether in local DRESSED annunciator on the front-panel will turn
on. The Distortion Analyzer talk and listen addresses are
switch selectable as described under paragraph
in Section listing of all valid HP-IB address codes. the present address setting, refer to the discussion titled HP-IB Address in the Detailed Operating In-
structions near the end of this section.
lines as an address
is
in
the command mode: attention control
2.
Refer to Table
or
a bus command
or
remote), the AD-
2-1
for a comprehensive
To
determine
2-7
3-19
Operation
ipplicable
Table
3-3.
Message Reference Table
Response
(1
of
2)
Model
Related
Commands
and
Controls
89033
Interface
Functions'
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
All
Distortion Analyzer operations except the LINE and FLOAT switch functions are bus-programmable. All measurement results, special displays, and error outputs except the
If
in remote and addressed to listen, the Distortion Analyzer makes a settled measurement according to previ­ously programmed setup. It responds equally to bus com­mand GET and program code T3, Trigger with Settling (a Data message).
Sets MEASUREMENT to AC LEVEL with the FILTER on, and sets the trigger mode to free run. Resets many additional parameters as shown in Table Status Byte, and Local Lockout. Sets the Service Request Condition to
the
22.2
and Selected Device Clear (SDC) bus commands. Remote mode is enabled when the REN bus control line is
true. However, remote mode is not entered until the first time the Distortion Analyzer is addressed to listen. The front-panel REMOTE annunciator lights when the instrument
is actually in the remote mode. When entering remote mode, no instrument settings or functions are changed, but
all front-panel keys except LCL are disabled, and entries in
progress are cleared.
'I-
- -
-"
display are available to the bus.
80
kHz LP
3-5. Clears
RQS
bit, Require Service message (if issued)
state. Responds equally to Device Clear (DCL)
~~~ ~~
GET
DCL
SDC
REN
AH
1
SH
1
T5, TEO
L3, LEO
DT1
DC1
RL1
Yes The Distortion Analyzer returns to local mode (front-panel
control). Responds equally to the GTL bus command and the front-panel LCL key. When entering local mode, no in-
strument settings or functions are changed but entries in progress are cleared. In local, triggering is free run only.
Yes Disables all front-panel keys including LCL. Only the con-
troller can return the Distortion Analyzer to local (front-
panel control).
Clear Lockout/
Set Local
Pass Control/
Take Control
Require Service
*Commands, Control lines, and Interface Functions are defined in
necessary column.
Yes
No
Yes
if
your controller's manual describes programming in terms of
The Distortion Analyzer returns to local (front-panel control)
and local lockout is cleared when the REN bus control line
goes false. When entering local mode, no instrument set­tings or functions are changed, but entries in progress are cleared. In local, triggering is free run only.
The Distortion Analyzer has no control capability.
The Distortion Analyzer sets the
if an invalid program code is received. The Distortion
Analyzer will also set
so,
to do
strument error occurs.
when measurement data is ready or when an in-
SRQ
SRQ
bus control line true
true, if enabled by the operator
IEEE
Std.
488.
Knowledge
the
twelve
HP-IB Messages shown in
GTL RL1
LLO RL1
REN RL1
SRQ
of
these
might not
the
co
SR1
be
left
3-20
Model
89033
Table
3-3.
Message Reference Table
Response
(2
Operation
of
2)
Related
Commands
and
Controls
Interface
Functions*
Status Byte
c-c
I
Status
Abort
Bit
t
'Commands, Control lines, and Interface Functions are defined in IEEE Std.
necessary if your controller's manual describes programming in terms of the twelve column.
Complete
SR1,
Local Lockout.
rupted, which can happen by returning the Distortion Analyzer to local mode by pressing the LCL key, the data could be lost. This would leave the Distortion Analyzer in an unknown state. To prevent this, a local lockout is recommended. Local lockout disables the LCL key (and the Clear Key Function, AVG/RMS) and allows return-to-local only under program control.
3-17.
The Distortion Analyzer communicates on the inter-
bus
face consist of one bus lines, when the bus
HP-IB
RL1,
PPO,
Return-to-local can also be accomplished
by
turning the Distortion Analyzer's switch to this technique has several disadvantages:
It defeats the purpose and advantages of local lockout (that ler will lose control of a system element).
There are several reset to default states at turn-on.
Data Messages
primarily with data messages. Data messages
Yes
I
Yes
I I
capability
DC1, DT1,
When a data transmission is inter-
OFF,
then back to
or
more bytes sent over the 8 data
The Distortion Analyzer responds to a Serial
(SPE)
bus
command
dressed to talk.
line
true
trol
(RQS
bit)
condition causing the Require Service message to be
sued
will
latched
1)
removing the causing condition, and
2)
reading the Status Byte. The Distortion Analyzer does not respond The Distortion Analyzer stops talking and listening.
as
defined
CO,
El.
(issuing
in
the Status Byte and
both
but
can be cleared
~~~ ~
in
IEEE
NOTE
by
sending an 8-bit byte
If
the instrument
the Require Service message) bit
be
true. The
Std.
488
S
(Shift)
is
the
bits
in
the
by:
and ANSI
control line [ATN] false). Unless Only, the Distortion Analyzer receives data messages when addressed Only, the Distortion Analyzer sends data messages or
the Status Byte message (if enabled) when ad­dressed available in local mode may be performed in remote mode via changing the LINE switch and the FLOAT switch. In addition, the Distortion Analyzer may be triggered via data messages lar time.
LINE
ON.
However,
is,
the system control-
HP-IB
is
in the data mode (attention
conditions that
3-18.
Depending on how the internal address switches are set, the Distortion Analyzer can either talk only, talk status only, listen only, operation). The instrument responds to Data mes­sages when true) and
Only. mains addressed to listen until message command is sent by the controller.
Listen Only.
is set to
Poll
Enable
when
ad-
holding the
bit
representing the
Status
Std.
to
Receiving the
If
not set to Listen Only, the instrument re-
or
"l",
SRQ
con-
7
is-
Byte
are
to
a parallel poll.
488.
Knowledge of these might not be
HP-IB
Messages shown in the left
MC1.1
talk. Virtually all instrument operations
data
is:
SH1,
to
listen. Unless
messages. The only exceptions are
to
make measurements at a particu-
Data
or
talk and listen both (normal
it
is enabled to remote (REN control line
it
is addressed to listen
until
its
talk address
If
the internal LON (Listen Only) switch
the Distortion Analyzer is placed in the
SPE
SPD
~~
I
FC
AH1, T5,
it
Message
it
or
a universal unlisten
it
receives an Abort
T5,
T5,
L3,
TEO,
L3, LEO,
is
set
is
set to Listen
or
set to Listen
TEO
PPO
TEO
LEO
to
Talk
3-21
Operation
Model 89033
Listen Only mode when the remote enable bus control line (REN) is set true. The instrument then responds
to all Data messages, and the Trigger, Clear, and
it
Local Lockout messages. However, responding to the Local responding to a serial poll with the Status Byte
message.
Listen Only mode is provided to allow the Distortion Analyzer to accept programming from devices other than controllers (for example, card readers).
Data
Input
program string, consists of a series of ASCII codes. Each code is typically equivalent to a front-panel keystroke in local mode. Thus, for a given operation, the program string syntax in remote mode same as the keystroke sequence in local mode. Example 1 shows the general case programming order for selecting Distortion Analyzer functions. Specific program order considerations are discussed in following paragraphs under “Program Order Consider­ations”. All functions can be programmed together
as
a continuous string as typified in Example
string in Example
(with Automatic Operation), selects a distortion measurement with 30 kHz low-pass filtering and log
units, then triggers a settled measurement.
Program
controlling Distortion Analyzer functions are summa­rized in Table 3-6. All front-panel keys except the LCL key have corresponding program codes.
Table 3-4 shows the Distortion Analyzer’s response to various ASCII characters not used in The characters in the upper table will be ignored
Format.
Codes.
or
Abort messages and from
The Data message string,
2
clears most Special Functions
All
of
the valid HP-IB codes
is inhibited from
or
is
the
2.
The
for
its
code set.
unless they appear between two characters of a
program code. The characters in the lower table,
received by the Distortion Analyzer, will always cause
24
Error
a Require Service message to be generated. The con­troller recognizes the invalid code entry and clears the Require Service condition. Thereafter, the invalid
code entry is ignored, and subsequent valid entries are processed in normal fashion. As a convenience, all lower case alpha characters are treated as upper case.
In addition to the ignored codes given in Table 3-4, codes used in the HP 8903A and 8903B Audio Analyz­ers but not common to the Distortion Analyzer are ignored. (They do not generate an error message.)
For
the audio analyzer’s source
I
I
tExcept when inserted between two characters
(invalid HP-IB code)
example, the output code
Table
3-4.
Distortion Analyzer Response
to
@
B
E
G
program code.
Unused
Generate Error
I
J
Q
Y
ASCII
lgnoredt
Z
[.
\
1
to
”APlVL”,
to
lV,
Codes
24
be displayed and
which sets
will be ignored.
A
-
I
1
-
DEL
of
a
if
EXAMPLE
Controller Talk
Audio Analyzer Listen
1:
General Program Syntax and Protocol*
{
[Automatic Operation] [Measurement] [Filters] [Special Functions] [Log/Lin] [Ratio] [Trigger]
‘Excluding Rapid Frequency
EXAMPLE
Controller Talk Audio Analyzer Listen
3-22
2:
Typical Program String
Automatic Operation
1
Count
Distortion
Mode
AUMSLl
2
rTL_
30
kHz Low-Pass Filter
LGT3
-Trigger With Settling Log
Model 89033
Operation
Turning
the High-Pass/Bandpass (optional plug-in filters) and Low-Pass Filters and the Notch Tune, the AVG/ RMS, and Ratio functions toggle successive keystrokes. In remote mode, these func-
tions do not toggle on and off. Instead, each of the above groups has a specific code which turns off all the keys in the group. The HP-IB codes for turning off these functions are given in the table below.
I
Average
HP/BP
LP
NOTCH
RATIO
Programming Numeric Data.
references to the Distortion Analyzer, certain precau­tions should be observed. Numeric data may be entered in fixed, floating point, mats. Usually, numeric data consists of tissa of up to five digits (including leading zeros),
one decimal point, and one­nent. The decimal point may fall between any two
digits of the mantissa but should not appear ahead of the fiist digit. automatically inserted by the Distortion Analyzer. Any digit beyond the five allowed for the mantissa will be received as zero. The general format for nu­meric data entry
examples illustrating various entries and the resulting data as received by the Distortion Analyzer.
off
Functions.
Function
off
(returns
FILTERS
FILTERS all
HOLD
off
When operating in local mode
on
and off with
I
HP-IB
to
RMS
mode)
all
off
off
off
When entering ratio
or
exponential for-
a
signed man-
or
two-digit signed expo-
If
it
does, a leading zero will be
is
given below, followed by several
Code
General Numeric Data Input Format:
+DDDDDE+NN
TTTT
5-Digit SignedA
Mantissa
Indicates Exponent
Example: + .12345E+01 issued Example: 0.123403+01 received by
Example: +1234563+01 issued
Example: +12345OE+Ol received by
Example: +00012345 issued
Example: 12000 received by
In general,
significant digits than can be displayed on the Distortion Analyzer’s five-digit left display.
Follows
Distortion Analyzer
do
not issue numeric
LExponent Magnitude
IIL
Distortion Analyzer
Distortion Analyzer
Exponent Sign
data
with more
Triggering Measurements with the Data Message.
A
feature that ming is the selection of free run, standby, operation of the Distortion Analyzer. During local operation the Distortion Analyzer run, outputting data to the display as each measurement tional operating modes are allowed: Hold, Trigger Immediate, and Trigger with Settling. In addition,
the Clear Key Function can act as a manual trigger
while the instrument is in remote. The trigger modes
I
and use of the Clear Key Function are described below.
Free
Run
operation and
no other trigger mode has been selected. The
measurement result data available to the bus are constantly being updated as rapidly as the Distortion Analyzer can make measurements. message Distortion Analyzer to the Free Run mode.
Hold
(Tl).
measurements (initiated by program codes T2 the Trigger message, plained below). In Hold mode, internal settings can be altered by the instrument itself the bus. Thus, the signal at the MONITOR output
can change. However, the instrument from outputting any data and display, instrument will issue the Require Service message if an HP-IB code error occurs. The instrument will issue the Status serial poll, however, will trigger a new measurement, update displays, and return the instrument to Hold.)
Upon leaving Hold, the front-panel indications are updated Status message issued) by the events that occur during the new measurement cycle. The Distortion Analyzer leaves Hold when Trigger Immediate, Trigger with Settling codes, the Trigger Message, when the S (Shift) AVG/RMS keys (the Clear Key Function) are pressed (if not in Local Lockout), operation.
Byte
Trigger Immediate (T2).
Analyzer receives the Trigger Immediate code,
akes one measurement in the shortest possible time.
!
he instrument then waits for the measurement
results to be read. While waiting, the instrument can
is
only available via remote program-
is
allowed
is
completed. In remote, three addi-
(TO).
or
entry into remote
as
the new measurement cycle begins. The
will
This mode
is
the mode of operation in effect when
This mode
is
or
the Clear Key Function ex-
to
or
to
the HP-IB except as follows. The
Byte
message
be affected (and the Require Service
it
receives either the Free Run,
or
when
is
identical to local
A
Device Clear
from local sets the
used to set up triggered
or
by the user via
the front-panel key lights
if
serial polled.
it
returns to local
When the Distortion
or
triggered
is
inhibited
to
or
free
T3,
or
(A
or
it
3-23
Operation
Model 89033
process most bus commands without losing the
if
measurement results. However, ceives GTL (Go To Local), GET (Group Execute
or
its
Trigger), the Clear Key Function, a new measurement cycle will be executed. Once the data (measurement results) are read onto the bus, the Distortion Analyzer reverts to the Hold mode. Measurement results obtained via Trigger Immediate are normally valid only when the instrument
Trigger with Settling
is
identical to Trigger Immediate except the Distortion Analyzer inserts a settling-time delay before taking the requested measurement. This set­tling time measurement results. Trigger with Settling ger type executed when a Trigger message is received via the bus.
listen address
is
in a steady, settled state.
(T3).
is
sufficient to produce valid, accurate
the instrument re-
or
if
it
is
triggered by
Trigger with Settling
is
the trig-
Triggering Measurements with the Clear Key Function.
Hold and not in Local Lockout, the front-panel Clear Key Function may be used to issue a Trigger with Settling instruction. First place the instrument in Hold mode (code pressing the time this key sequence is entered the Distortion Analyzer performs one Trigger with Settling Measurement cycle, then waits for the data to be read. Once the data is read out ment returns to Hold mode. between trigger cycles, acquired from subsequent measurements.
Special Considerations
When in free-run mode, the Distortion Analyzer must pay attention example, serial poll enable (SPE), local lockout (LLO), etc. In addition, pay attention example,
(GET), etc. As a consequence of this, the Distortion Analyzer must interrupt the current measurement cycle to these commands of the measurements are transitory, the measurement
must be re-initiated following each interruption.
Thus, if much bus activity occurs while the Distortion
Analyzer is trying to take a measurement, that
measurement may never be completed.
Trigger Immediate and Trigger with Settling provide
a way to avoid this problem. When the Trigger Imme-
diate
received, the Distortion Analyzer will not allow its
measurement to be interrupted. (Indeed, handshake
When the Distortion Analyzer
Tl).
Trigger the measurement by
S
(Shift) and AVG/RMS keys. Each
to
the bus, the instru-
If
it
will be replaced with data
for
Triggered Operation.
to
all universal bus commands, for
if
it
is addressed to listen,
to
all addressed bus commands, for
Go
To Local (GTL), Group Execute Trigger
to
determine whether any action in response
is
necessary. Since many elements
(T2)
and Trigger with Settling
data
(T3)
is
in remote
is
not read
it
codes are
must
of bus commands is inhibited until the measurement
is
complete.) Once the measurement commands will be processed, as discussed under Trig­ger Immediate above, with no loss of
an HP-IB environment where many bus commands are present, Trigger Immediate tling should be used for failsafe operation.
Reading Data from the Right or
Distortion Analyzer can only read once for each measurement made. Only the informa­tion on one display can be read each time. Use the codes RR (read right display) to control which information is read. The display will remain selected until the opposing display
specified
up occurs). Errors (which occupy two displays) are output as described above, and DC LEVEL measurement results (always occupying the right display only) are placed on the bus (when requested) regardless of which display is enabled.
(or
until a clear message
or
Program Order Considerations.
string some program order considerations need highlighting.
syntax
is
virtually identical to keystroke order,
Automatic Operation (AU).
is
eration Functions prefixed mode and also affects many other Special Functions. Thus when Automatic Operation is used, appear at the beginning of a program string.
executed in remote only,
1
through 8 to their zero-suffix
is
complete, bus
data.
Thus, in
or
Trigger with Set-
Left
Display.
data
to the HP-IB
RL (read left display)
is
received
Although program
When Automatic Op-
it
sets all Special
or
power-
it
should
The
is
Trigger Immediate and Trigger with Settling
(T2
and
T3).
When either of the trigger codes
or
T3
is
received by the Distortion Analyzer, a
measurement is immediately initiated. Once the
bus
measurement is complete, some
be processed without losing the measurement results.
However, any HP-IB program code sent to the Distortion Analyzer before the triggered measurement results have been output will initiate a new measurement Thus, trigger codes should always ap­pear at the end of a program string, and the triggered measurement results must be read before tional program codes are sent.
3-19.
Depending on how the internal address switches are set, the Distortion Analyzer can either talk only, talk status only, listen only, operation). ment sends Data messages when addressed to talk. The instrument then remains configured to talk until it unaddress the Distortion Analyzer, the controller must send either an Abort message, a new talk ad­dress,
Sending the Data Message
or
talk and listen both (normal
If
set to both talk and listen, the instru-
is
unaddressed to talk by the controller. To
or
a universal untalk command.
commands can
any
T2
addi-
3-24
Model
Talk
89033
Only
Mode.
If
the internal address switches are
set to a valid Talk address and the TON (Talk Only)
is
set to
“l”,
switch
the Distortion Analyzer
in the Talk Only mode. In this mode instrument
is
placed
is
configured to send Data messages whenever the bus is in the data mode. Each time the measurement
is
completed, the measurement result will be output to
the bus unless the listening device is not ready for
data. If the listener Analyzer
is
is
not ready and the Distortion
not in a trigger mode, another
measurement cycle is executed.
Talk Status
Only
Mode.
If
all the internal address
switches and the TON (Talk Only) switch are set to
“l”,
but the LON (Listen Only) switch is set to
“0”,
the Distortion Analyzer is placed in the Talk Status
is
Only mode. In this mode the instrument
configured
to send a one-byte data message whenever the bus
is in the data mode. The byte sent is an exact copy
of
the Status Byte. Each time this byte
is
successfully sent on the bus, the internal Status Byte is cleared. The Data Valid (DAV) handshake line is pulsed each time the one-byte Data message is sent.
Data Output Format.
is
data
usually formatted as a real constant in expo-
As
shown below, the output
nential form: first the sign, then five digits (leading zeros not suppressed) followed by the letter E and a signed power-of-ten multiplier. (Refer to
Frequency Count
for the only exception to this format.) The
tions
in the
Detailed Operation Instruc-
Rapid
string is terminated by a carriage return (CR) and a line feed (LF), string positions
11
and 12. Data is
always output in hndamental units (for example, Hz,
dB,
%,
volts,
etc.), and the decimal point (not sent)
is assumed to be to the right of the fifth digit of the
mantissa. Data values never exceed
4
000
000
000.
Operation
Data Output Format:
+DDDDDE+NNCRLF
Signed Man
I
nd i cates Exponent
Exponent Sign Exponent Magnitude
tr
Fo
][-rLL
I
lows
Line Feed
Carriage Return
NOTE
For the only exception to the above format,
refer to Rapid Frequency Count in the
Detailed Operating Instructions.
When an error is output to the bus,
it
follows the same twelve-byte format described above except most of the numeric digits have predetermined values as shown below.
9
000
000
000.
Error
outputs always exceed
The two-digit error code
is
represented by the last two digits of the five-digit mantissa. The error code can be derived from the string by subtract­ing
9
X
lo9, then dividing the results by 100000.
Error Output Format:
+900DDE+05C
3
Error Code Carriage Return
3-20.
Receiving the Clear Message
The Distortion Analyzer responds
by assuming the settings detailed in Table
Distortion Analyzer responds equally
R
L
F
PLine Feed
to
the Clear message
3-5.
to
the Selected
The
Device Clear (SDC) bus command when addressed to listen, and the Device Clear (DCL) bus command
or
whether addressed
not. The Clear message clears any pending Require Service message and resets the Service Request Condition (Special Function
22)
such
that the Require Service message will be issued on
HP-IB
code errors only (Special Function
22.2).
Parameter
Measurement Detection Low-Pass
(LP)
Filter
High-Pass (HP)/ Bandpass
plug-in Filters)
Special Functions
Ratio Log/Lin
Right Display Read Service Request Condition Status Byte
Trigger
Mode
Local Lockout
(BP)
Table
(optional
3-5.
Response to a Clear Message
AC
Level
RMS 80
kHz Low-Pass
All
off
All
Special Functions off or set to
except Service Request Condition set to code error).
Off
Linear
(Refer
to
Instructions.) Enabled HP-IB Code Error Cleared
Free
Run
(Code
Cleared
On
RATIO
Only
TO)
Settina
their
zero-suffix mode
22.2
(HP-I8
and LOG/LIN Detailed Operating
3-25
Operation
Model 89033
3-21. Receiving the Trigger Message
When in remote and addressed to listen, the Distortion Analyzer responds to a Trigger message by executing one settled-measurement cycle. The Distortion Analyzer responds equally to a Trigger message (the Group Execute Trigger bus command
[GET]) and a Data message, program code T3 (Trigger
to
with Settling). Refer with the Data Message” under paragraph 3-18,
ing
the Data Message.
“Triggering Measurements
Receiu-
3-22. Receiving the Remote Message
The Remote message has two parts. First, the remote enable bus control line (REN) device listen address two actions combine to place the Distortion Analyzer in remote mode. Thus, the Distortion Analyzer enabled to go into remote when the controller begins the Remote message, but it does not actually switch to remote until addressed to listen the first time. No instrument settings are changed by the transition from local to remote, but the Trigger mode is set to Free Run (code Distortion Analyzer lights annunciator. When the Distortion Analyzer addressed (whether in remote ADDRESSED annunciator turns on.
is
sent by the controller. These
TO).
When actually in remote, the
is
held true, then the
its
front-panel REMOTE
or
local),
its
front-panel
is
is
being
3-23. Receiving the Local Message
The Local message ler sends the
addressed to listen, the Distortion Analyzer returns
to front-panel control when it receives the Local
If
message. the Local message was received, front-panel control is returned, but lockout is not cleared. Unless ceives the Clear Lockout/Set Local message, the Distortion Analyzer will return to local lockout the next time are changed by the transition from remote to local, but all measurements are made in a free run mode.
When the Distortion Analyzer goes to local mode, the front-panel REMOTE annunciator turns off.
However, when the Distortion Analyzer
dressed (whether in remote
ADDRESSED annunciator lights. If
the Distortion Analyzer is not in local lockout mode, pressing the front-panel LCL (local) key might interrupt a Data message being sent to the instrument, leaving the instrument in a state unknown to the controller. This can be prevented by disabling the Distortion Analyzer’s front-panel keys entirely using the Local Lockout message.
the instrument
it
is
the means by which the control-
Go
To Local (GTL) bus command. If
was
in local lockout when
goes to remote.
No
instrument settings
is
or
local),
its
it
re-
being ad-
front-panel
3-24. Receiving the Local Lockout Message
The Local Lockout message
the controller sends the Local Lockout (LLO) bus
command.
sponds to the Local Lockout Message by disabling the front-panel LCL (local) key and the Clear Key Function. (In remote, the Clear Key Function initiates a Trigger with Settling cycle.) The local lockout mode prevents
accidentally pressing front-panel keys. If, while in local, the Distortion Analyzer
(that
Lockout message, local lockout the first time When in local lockout, the Distortion Analyzer can be returned Local setting the LINE switch or
by removing the bus cable.
If
in remote, the Distortion Analyzer re-
loss
of data
is,
REN
to
or
Clear Lockout/Set Local messages),
or
is
set true) and
it
will switch to remote mode with
local only by the controller (using the
is
the means by which
system control due to someone
is
enabled to remote
it
receives the Local
it
is
addressed to listen.
or
by
to
OFF
and back to ON,
3-25. Receiving the Clear LockoutlSet Local
Mess
age
The Clear Lockout/Set Local message by which the controller sets the Remote Enable
(REN) bus control line false. The Distortion Analyzer returns to local mode (full front-panel control) when
it
receives the Clear Lockout/Set Local message. instrument settings are changed by the transition from remote with local lockout to local. When the Distortion Analyzer goes to local mode, the front-
panel REMOTE annunciator turns off.
is
the means
No
3-26. Receiving the Pass Control Message
The Distortion Analyzer does not respond to the
Pass
Control message because
controller.
it
cannot act as a
3-27. Sending the Require Service Message
The Distortion Analyzer sends the Require Service message by setting the Service Request (SRQ) bus
The
control line true.
Service message in either local Require Service message
is
executed by the controller
is
received by the Distortion Analyzer. (During serial poll, the Require Service message ately before the Distortion Analyzer places the Status Byte message on the bus.) An HP-IB code error will always cause a Require Service message to be issued. In addition, there are two other conditions which can be enabled to cause the Require Service message to be sent when they occur. All three conditions are described as follows.
instrument can send the Require
or
remote mode. The
is
cleared when a serial poll
or
if
a Clear message
is
cleared immedi-
3-26
Model 89033
Data Ready: When the Distortion Analyzer to send any information except error codes Status Byte.
HP-IB Code Error: When the Distortion Analyzer receives an invalid Data message. (This condition always causes a Require Service message to be sent.)
is
or
ready
NOTE
The
“----”
display indicates a transient condition. After nine attempts to make a measurement, it is replaced by which causes the Require Service message to be sent.
Instrument Error: When any displayed by the Distortion Analyzer including
IB Code error, Error
24.
Error
Error
31
is
being
HP-
the
Operation
a
Service Message. If one tions described above are both enabled and present, all the bits corresponding to the conditions and also
7,
the
RQS
bit Service message tions occurs but has not been enabled by Special Function condition nor the
Service message will not be sent). The bit pattern the Status Byte is shown in the table labeled “Status Byte:”, on the following pages.
Once the Distortion Analyzer receives the serial poll
enable bus command (SPE),
to
alter the Status Byte. When addressed to talk (following SPE), the Distortion Analyzer sends the Status Byte message.
bit, will be set true (and the Require
is
22,
neither the bit corresponding to the
RQS
or
more of the three condi-
sent). If one of the above condi-
bit will be set (and the Require
of
it
is
no longer allowed
3-28. Selecting the Service Request
Condition
Use Special Function to enable the Distortion Analyzer to issue the Require Service message on any of the conditions above (ex­cept HP-IB code errors which always cause the Re­quire Service message to be sent). The Service Request Condition Special Function is entered from HP-IB. The conditions enabled by Special Function
22
are always disabled by the Clear message. A description of the Service Request Condition Special Function and the procedure for enabling the various conditions are given under in the device subroutines for the Distortion Analyzer can be implemented simply by triggering measurements
then reading the output the controller must perform other tasks while control­ling the Distortion Analyzer. Figure flow chart for developing device subroutines using the instrument’s ability to issue the Require Service message when data is ready. This sub-routine struc­ture frees the controller to process other routines until the Distortion Analyzer is ready with data.
Detailed Operation Instructions.
22,
Service Request Condition,
Service Request Condition
Normally,
data.
In certain applications,
3-7
illustrates a
NOTE
Since the Distortion Analyzer cannot alter
in
serial
poll
the Status Byte while
it
is
not possible to continually request the
Status Byte while waiting
to
to cause a bit
After
the Status be cleared if the Serial Poll Disable (SPD) bus com­mand
or Regardless of whether has been sent, the Status Byte and any Require Service message pending will be cleared if a Clear message Only, the Status Byte is cleared each time the one­byte Data message
is
received, if the Abort message
if the Distortion Analyzer is unaddressed to talk.
is
received. If the instrument
be set.
Byte
message has been sent
or
not the Status Byte message
is
issued to the bus.
3-30. Sending the Status Bit
The Distortion Analyzer does not respond to a Paral­lel Poll Enable (PPE) bus command, and thus cannot send the Status Bit Message.
3-31. Receiving the
Abort
for
Message
Message
mode,
a condition
it
is
received,
is
set
to
will
Talk
3-29. Sending the Status Byte Message
The Status Byte message consists of one %bit byte in which conditions described above under Sending
3
of the bits are set according to the enabled
the
Require
The Abort Message
ler sets the Interface Clear (IFC) bus control line true. When the Abort message Distortion Analyzer becomes unaddressed and talking
or
listening.
is
the means by which the control-
is
received, the
stops
3-27
0
per
at
i o n
Model
89033
(
START 8903E
SET TRIGGER
MODE TO HOLD
(HP-18 CODE T1)
I
ENABLE
I
(HPIIB
SRQ
DATA READY
CODE 22.3SP)
)
ON
I
c
CONF 1 GURE
MEASUREMENT
TRIGGER MEASUREMENT
(HP-IB CODE T2
I
1
OR
T3).
I
I
I
I
TO OTHER INSTRUMENT
SERVICE ROUTINES
I
I
TEST OTHER 8903E
SRQ
CONDITIONS
INTERRUPT
T
READ STATUS BYTE
FROM 8903E
SRQ
FROM
8903E
1
le
NO <9::tntp DUE TO DATA
YES
I
READ DATA
FROM
8903E
ON
SRO
I
Figure
PROCESS OTHER
ROUTINES UNTIL
SRQ
CAUSES INTERRUPT
3-4.
Example
Flow
Chart
4
(-)
for
Driving the Distortion Analyzer Using the Require Service Message (SRQ)
3-28
Model 89033
Operation
HP-IB
Address:
General Operating Syntax:
Numeric Data Input Format:
Output
SYNTAX AND CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY
Set in binary by internal switches - may be displayed on front panel using S (Shift) LCL. Factory
to
28
decimal.
(Excluding Rapid Frequency Count modes.)*
[Automatic Operation]
(leading decimal not allowed)
Formats:
Data (valid data output value always
(Except in Rapid Frequency Count mode.)*
Indicates Exponent Follows Carriage Return
[Measurement]
(Except in Rapid Source mode.)*
5-Digit Signed Mantissa
Signed Mantissar
Exponent Sign Exponent Magnitude
[Filters] [Special Functions]
f
DDDDDEkNN
Exponent Magnitude
Indicates Exponent Follows
<4
X
109
and
in fundamental units):
+DDDDDE+NNCRLF
TIT
T
T
[Log/Lin]
Exponent Sign
Line Feed
[Ratio]
set
Bit
Weight Service
Request
8
128 64
0
(always)
Condition
~~~~ ~
*
For information on Rapid Frequency
7
RQS
Bit
Require
Service Error Error
Count
mode refer
6
32
0
(always)
5
16 8
0
(always)
to
it
by name in the Detailed Operating
4
0
(always)
3
4
Instru­ment Code
Instructions.
HP4B
2
2
1
1
Data
Ready
3-29
Operation
Table
3-6.
Distortion Analyzer Parameter to HP-IB Code Summary
Model
89033
Parameter
Automatic Operation
SPCL SPCL SPCL
Measurements
AC Level SINAD Distortion DC Level Distortion Level
RMS Detector AVG Detector Automatic Notch Tuning
Notch Hold
Internal Plug-in HP/BP Filters
Left Plug-in Filter on
Right Plug-in Filter on
All
Plug-in HP/BP Filters
LP Filters
30
kHz LP Filter on
80
kHz LP Filter on
All LP Filters
off
off
Program Code
AU SP
ss
M1 M2 M3 s1
s3
A0 A1 NO N1
H1 H2 HO
L1 L2 LO
Parameter
Ratio
On
Off
Log/Lin
Log Lin
Trigger Modes
Free Run
Hold Trigger Immediate Trigger with Settling
Miscellaneous
Read Left Display
Read Right Display Rapid Frequency Count Clear Key Function*
Program Code
R1
RO
LG LN
TO
T1 T2 T3
RL RR RF
CL
'Not
to
be confused with Clear message which
Program Code
A0 A1 AU
CL
HO
H1 H2
LG
LN
LO L1 L2
M1 M2 M3 NO
N1
Table
3-7.
Audio
Analyzer HP-IB Code
Parameter
RMS Detector AVG Detector Automatic Operation
Clear Key Function*
All
Internal Plug-in HP/BP Filters Left Plug-in Filter on Right Plug-in Filter on
Log Linear
All LP Filters
30
kHz LP Filter
80 kHz LP Filter on
AC Level SINAD Distortion
Automatic Notch Tuning
Notch Hold
off
on
is
defined
in
off
Table
3.
11
Program
RF RL
RR RO R1
SP
ss
s1
s3
TO
T1 T2
T3
-
0-9
to
Parameter Summary
COG
Rapid Frequency Count Read Left Display
Read Right Display
Ratio on
off
Ratio
SPCL SPCL SPCL DC Level Distortion Level
Free Run Hold Trigger Immediate Trigger with Settling
-
(minus)
0-9
.
(decimal point)
Parameter
*Not
3-30
to
be confused with Clear messaae which
is
defined in Table
3-3.
Model
89033
Table
3-8.
Distortion Analyzer Special Function
Special Function
Input Level Range (except DC Level)
Automatic Selection 300V range
189V range 11 9V range
75.4V range
47.6V range
30.0V range
18.9V range
11.9V range
7.54V range
4.76V range
3.00V range
1.89V range
1.19V range
0.754V range
0.476V range
0.300V range
0.189V range
0.1 19VV range
0.0754V range
Input Level Range (DC Level only)
Automatic Selection 300V range 64V range 16V range 4V range
Post Notch Gain
Automatic Selection
0
dB gain 20 dB gain 40 dB gain 60 dB gain
Hold Decimal Point
Automatic Selection
DDDD. range DDD.D range DD.DD range D.DDD range
O.DDDD range
rnV
RMS
range
Detector
DD.DD D.DDD mV range
0.DDDD rnV range
Post Notch Detector Response (except in SINAD)
Fast RMS Detector Slow Fast AVG Detector Slow AVG Detector
Notch Tune
Automatic notch tuning Hold notch tuning
Program Code
1 .OSP
1.lSP
1.2SP
1.3SP
1.4SP
1.5SP
1.6SP
1.7SP
1.8SP
1.9SP
1.1OSP
1.1lSP
1.12SP
1.13SP
1.14SP
1.15SP
1.1 6SP
1.17SP
1.18SP
1.1 9SP
2.0SP
2.1 SP
2.2SP
2.3SP
2.4SP
3.0SP
3.1 SP
3.2SP
3.3SP
3.4SP
4.0SP
4.1 SP
4.2SP
4.3SP
4.4SP
4.5SP
4.6SP
4.7SP
4.8SP
5.0SP
5.1
SP
5.2SP
5.3SP
6.0SP
6.1SP
to
HP-IB
~~ ~ ~ ~~
Code
Summary
Special Function
Error Disable
All
errors enabled
Disabled Analyzer errors
(Errors 12-17,31, and 96)
Disable External Source errors
(Error 19)
Hold Settings
Hold input level ranges,
post-notch gain, decimal point and notch tuning at present settings.
Re-enter Ratio Mode
Restore last RATIO reference
and enter RATIO mode if allowed.
Display RATIO reference.
Time Between Measurements
Minimum time between
measurements
s
Add 1
SINAD Display Resolution
0.01
0.01
Display Level in Watts
Display level as watts into 852. Display level as watts into NNNR.
Read Display
Read right display. Read left display.
HP-IB Address
Displays HP-IB address (in binary)
Displays HP-IB address
HP-I6 Service Request Condition
Enable a Condition to cause a
between measurements
dB above 25 dB;
0.5 dB below 25 dB
dB
all ranges
to
HP-IB.
in left display; right display in form means talk only; listen only; S=l means
service request, N is the sum
of
any combination of the
weighted conditions below:
1-Data Ready 2-HP-IB error
4-Instrument error The instrument powers the 22.2 state (HP-IB error).
TLS
where T=l
L=l
means
in
decimal.
up
SRQ.
in
Operation
Program
*(This code is
ignored)
19.NNNSP
Code
~~
8.0SP
8.1 SPor
8.3SP
8.2SP'
9.OSP
11 .OSP
11.1SP
14.0SP
14.1SP
16.0SP
16.1 SP
19.OSP
20.0SP
20.1SP 21 .OSP
21.1 SP
22.NSP
3-31
Operation
ASCII
-
NUL
SOH
STX
EOT EN0 ACK BEL
DLE DC1 DC2 DC3
DC4
NAK
SY
ETB
CAN
SUB
ESC
ETX
BS HT LF VT
FF
CR
so
SI
N
EM
FS
GS
RS
us
SP
I
#
$
010
8
(
)
-
/
0
1 2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
7
Binary
00
000
000
00
000
001
00
000
01
0
00 000
01 1
00
000
100
00 000
101
00
000
110
00
000
111
00
001
000
00
001 001
00
001 010
00001 011
00
001 100
00
001 101
00
001 110
00001 111
00
010
000
00
010 001
00
010 010
00
010 011
00
010 100
00
010 101
00
010 110
00
010 111
00011
OOO
00
011 001
00
011 010
00
011 011
00
011 100
00
011 101
00
011 110
00011 111
00
100
OOO
00
100 001
00
100 010
00100011
00
100
loo
00
100 101
00
100 110
00
100 111
00
101
000
00
101 001
00
101 010
00
101 011
00
101 100
00
101 101
00
101 110
00
101 111
00
110
000
00
110 001
00
110 010
00110011
00
110 100
00
110 101
00
110 110
00
110 111
00
111
000
00
111 001
00
111 010
00
111 011
00
111 100
00
111 101
00
111 110
00
111 111
-
Octal
000
00
002 003
004
005
006
007 010
01 1 012 013
014 015 016 017
020 021 022 023
024 025 026 027
030
031 032
033
034
035 036 037
040 041 042 043
044 045 046 047
050
051 052 053
054
055 056 057
060 061 062 063
064
065 066 067
070 071 072 073
074 075 076 077
1
Table
-
Decima
-
0
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8
9
10 11
12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43
44 45 46 47
48 49
50
51 52
53 54
55
56
57 58
59
60 61 62 63
3-9.
Commonly- Used Code Conversions
-
Hexa-
decimal
00
01 02 03
04
05
06
07 08
09
OA
OB
oc
OD
OE OF
10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17
18 19 1A 1B
1c 1D 1E 1F
20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27
28
29 2A 28
2c 2D 2E 2F
3G
31 32
33
34
35 36 37
38 39 3A 38
3c 3D 3E 3F
ASCII
0
A
B C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K L
M
N
0
P
a
R
S
T
U
v
W
X Y
Z
I
\
I
A
-
a
b
C
d
e f
9
h
I
I
k
I
m
n
0
P
q
r
S
t
U
v
W
X
Y
z
i
I
DEL
-
01
000
000
01
000
001
000
010
01 01
000
011
01
000
100
01
000
101
000
110
01
000
111
01 01 001
000
01 001 001 01 001 010 01 001 011
01 001 100 01 001 101 01 001 110 01 001 111
01 010
000
01 010 001 01 010 010 01 010 011
01 010 100 01 010 101 01 010 110 01 010 111
01 011
000
01 011 001 01 011 010 01 011 011
01 011 100 01 011 101 01 011 110 01 011 111
01 100
000
01 100 001 01 100010 01 100011
01 100 100 01 100 101 01 100 110 01 100 111
01 101
000
01 101 001 01 101
010
01 101 011 01 101 100
01 101 101 01 101 110 01 101 111
01 110
000
01 110 001 01 110010 01 110011
01 110 100 01 110 101 01 110 110 01 110 111
01 111
000
01 111 001 01 111 010 01 111 011
01 111 100
100 101 102 103
104 105 106
107 110
111 112 113
114 115 116 117
120 121 122 123
124 125 126 127
130 131 132 133
134 135 136 137
140 141 142 143
144 145 146 147
150 151 152 153
154 155 156 157
160 161 162 163
164 165 166 167
170 171 172
173 174
Model
40 41 42 43
44 45 46 47
48 49
4A
48 4c
40 4E 4F
50
51 52 53
54
55
56 57
58 59
5A
58 5c
5D
5E
5F
60 61 62 63
64 65 66
67
68
69 6A 6B
6C
60
6E 6F
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
7A
78
7c
7D
7E
7F
89033
3-32
~
Model
8903B
Description
Operation
AC
The Distortion Analyzer contains a wideband, true rms with high accuracy and sensitivity. Pressing the AC LEVEL key causes the Distortion Analyzer to measure the differential ac voltage between the center and outer conductor of the INPUT connector INPUT connectors. Signals common to both high and low inputs are rejected. See the following Warning and Caution.
To avoid the possibility without Option
of
the
BNC
Do
not apply
combination) to the INPUT connector(s).
or,
for Option 001 only, the center conductors of the (rear-panel)
OOl),
INPUT connector when the FLOAT switch
more
than
Level
of
hazardous shock on standard instruments (those
do
not apply more
300
Vrms (either differential, common-mode,
or
average-responding voltmeter
than
42Vpeak to the outer conductor
is
in the FLOATposition.
or
a
Procedure
Example
Program Code
Indications
To make an ac level measurement, press the AC LEVEL key. AC level results can be
V,
displayed in
Distortion Analyzer powers up displaying ac level
display in dBm (that is,
0.775V), press the LOG/LIN key. To return to linear, simply press the LOG/LIN key again.
If
the ac level
To measure the ac level of a signal
LOCAL
mV, Bm, watts,
dI3
relative
is
to be displayed relative
(keystrokes)
or
as the ratio
to
1
milliwatt into a 600-ohm load, equivalent to dBre
to
a reference, refer
at
the INPUT connector:
to
an entered
in
linear units (mV
Measurement
AC
or
measured value. The
or
V). To obtain
to
Ratio
and
LOG/LIN.-
7
iY
M1
T
(program
M1 is the program code
When ac level shows the ac level with the appropriate units. The Distortion Analyzer automatically ranges for maximum resolution and accuracy. The left display shows the input signal frequency. the input level to the frequency counter is too small, the left display will show
(This will often occur when the signal is in the stop band of the optional plug-in HP/BP
filters, but not the low-pass filters.)
codes)
is
for
AC LEVEL.
selected, the LED within the AC LEVEL key will light. The right display
Measurement
0.000
kHz.
a
If
Measurement
Technique
In ac level the Distortion Analyzer acts as an ac voltmeter. The Distortion Analyzer automatically sets the input attenuation and the gain settings of the various amplifiers that the input signal amplitude lies within the range of the output detector. The output
so
3-33
Operation Model
8903B
Measurement Technique (cont’d)
Com men ts
AC
detector converts the ac level to a dc voltage which and after correction
Level
for
input gain and attenuation, displayed in appropriate units. The
(cont’d)
is
then measured by the dc voltmeter
frequency of the input signal is also measured and displayed.
COUNTER/
LEFT DISPLAY
(FREQUENCY)
INTERNAL
PLUG-IN
INPUT
HP/BP OUTPUT
FILTERS
LOW-PASS
RWAVG
DETECTOR
-
bU
VOLTMETER/
RIGHT DISPLAY
(AMPLITUDE)
.qC/,r/
-ucu
-
INPUT PROGRAMABLE
AMPLIFIER GAIN AMPLIFIER GAIN AMPLIFIER
AC
Level Measurement Block Diagram
The Distortion Analyzer powers up in the ac level measurement mode with the
low-pass filter activated. The
750
kHz
to
80
from
kHz.
80
kHz
PR~GRAHAELE
low-pass filter reduces the measurement bandwidth
80
kHz
Related Sect ions
Two ac level detectors are available: true rms and average-responding (but
See the section
Detector Selection
for
details.
Common Mode Detector Selection Display Level in Watts Filters Monitor RATIO and
LOG/LIN
Special Functions
rms
calibrated).
3-34
Model
89033
Operation
Description
Procedure
Example
Program Code
indications
Comments
Automatic
The Automatic Operation code sets the instrument functions to automatic (that is, each function is allowed to automatically range the special functions.
To set the Distortion Analyzer to automatic operation, you must use HP-IB.
To set the Distortion Analyzer to automatic operation:
Operation
to
the appropriate setting).
AU
It
also cancels all of
7-
(program
AU is the HP-IB code for Automatic Operation.
When the HP-IB program code is entered, the left and right displays shows four dashes, then both displays show the current measurement mode and input.
The converse Refer to
codes)
of
Hold
Settings.
the automatic operation mode
Function
is
blank,
the Hold Settings Special (prefixed9).
the right display
Related Sections
For
information on which specific Special Functions are turned off by the Automatic
Operation mode, refer Functions, when programming the instrument.
Hold Settings
Special Functions
it
is
a good practice to place the AU code at the beginning of a program string
to
Special Functions. Since Automatic Operation affects Special
3-35
Operation Model
89033
Description
Common
Common-mode rejection ratio, of the ability of an amplifier to reject while allowing the differential signals (which may
.
amplified and passed on Since the analyzer input is fully balanced,
High and Low Inputs (with the INPUT FLOAT switch in the FLOAT position). standard instruments, the High Input the Low Input is its outer conductor. For instruments with Option Inputs are the center conductors of the respective HIGH and However, for valid measurement results, there are limitations common-mode signals.
To
avoid the possibility of hazardous shock on standard instruments (those without
OOl),
Option
do not apply more than 42V peak to the outer conductor of the
BNC INPUT connector when the FLOAT switch
Do
not apply more than
or
“common-mode” as
to
the measurement circuitry.
300
Mode
it
is
usually referred
signals
is
the center conductor of the INPUT BNC connector;
Vrms (either differential,
that are common
or
may not be the weaker signal)
it
can reject signals which are common to the
is
in
to
both amplifier inputs
001,
the High and Low
LOW
INPUT connectors.
to
the maximum level of
the FLOAT position.
common-mode,
combination) to the INPUT connector(s).
to,
is
a measure
or
a
to
be
For
Common-mode signal limitations exist because the instrument’s ranging detector (which determines the input voltage range), the High and common-mode signal is present. Erroneous measurements may be obtained
The Analyzer Input Block Diagram illustrates that the ranging detector senses the voltage difference between the High and Low Input lines. Common-mode signals are “ignored” the ranging detector, while the differential signals are measured. The block diagram also illustrates that the High and Low Input lines have over-voltage protection circuits
Low
Inputs). Thus, the instrument can set an incorrect input range
when the input voltage (single
is
designed
to
read only the
differential
signal (between
if
as
a
result.
that open
or
combined common-mode and differential) exceeds the
a large
by
maximum safe limit.
OVER-VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
HIGH
fl
Low
HIGH INPUT ATTENUATOR
LOW
INPUT
ATTENUATOR
DIFFERENTIAL-TO-
SINGLE-ENDEO CONVERTER
TO PROGRAMMABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER
h
3-36
L
Analyzer Input Block Diagram
Model 89033 Operation
Example
Comments
Common
If
a common-mode signal of 1OV is on the analyzer’s input with a 1V differential signal, the ranging detector selects the 1.19V range. The signal that actually 11V
(1OV
common-mode signal + the 1V differential signal). A voltage signal this
Mode
(cont’d)
is
present at the input
is
large can exceed the input amplifiers’ operating range and cause erroneous measurements.
However, the instrument will not be damaged because the Over-voltage Protection circuitry will open whenever the combined common-mode and differential signals exceed the instrument’s safe operating range. (Setting Special Function
1.8
will set the input range to
11.9V.)
For
error-free measurements, the Operating Region
For
Valid
Measurements graphs, shown
below, indicate the maximum allowable common-mode input voltages for a given differential
1
is
input voltage. Case both input lines. Case
for a single-ended source with a common-mode signal present on
2
is
for a balanced source with common-mode signals on both input
lines.
To
obtain the maximum common-mode input voltage level
from
the graphs, select the desired
value for the differential input voltage. Then read the common-mode input voltage level.
For example, on the Case 1 graph, for a differential input voltage level of lV, the maximum
common-mode input voltage level
maximum common-mode input level
is
is
2.8V.
20V.
For
a differential input voltage of 20V, the
Y
0
c
-8
c
a
a.
z
-
Y
8
7
0
3
0
CASE
OIFFERENTIAL
1.
Single-Ended Source
INPUT
with
VOLTAGE
Common
Mode
on
Both
3dOV
Lines
3-37
Operation
Model
89033
Comments (cont’d)
Common
Y
a
<
i-
_I
0
>
I-
=
L
z
-
w
n
0
7
z
0
3
0
0
Mode
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE
(cont’d)
5.6V
300V
VDIFF
(rms)
-D
IOV
Related Sections
AC
DC
Level
Level
CASE
2.
Balanced Source with
Common
Mode
on
Both
Sides
3-38
~
Model 89033
Description
Procedure
Operation
DC
Pressing the DC LEVEL key causes the Distortion Analyzer voltage between the center and outer conductor of the INPUT connector or, for Option only, the center conductors of the (rear-panel) INPUT connectors. Voltage common
high and low inputs are rejected. See the following Warning and Caution.
To avoid the possibility without Option
of
the BNC INPUT connector when the FLOAT switch is
Do
not apply more than
OOl),
Level
to
measure the differential dc
to
of
hazardous shock on standard instruments (those
do not apply more than 42Vpeak to the outer conductor
in
the FLOATposition.
300
Vrms
(either differential, common-mode,
or
a
001
both
combination) to the INPUT connector(s).
To make a dc level measurement, press the S (Shift) key, then the DC LEVEL key. The voltage can be expressed in either volts, relative
To
relative
to
1
milliwatt into
return to linear, simply press the LOG/LIN again.
to
a reference level, refer
600Q).
to
or,
if the voltage is positive, in dBm (that
To obtain a display in am, press the LOG/LIN key.
If
the dc level
RATIO and LOG/LIN.
is
to be displayed
is,
dB
Example
Program Code
Indications
Measurement
Technique
Comments
To measure the dc level at the INPUT connector:
LOCAL
(keystrokes)
LJW
2
DC
LEVEL
s1
T
(program
When dc level is selected, the LEDs within the DC LEVEL key and the
light. The right display shows the dc level with the appropriate units. The Distortion Analyzer automatically ranges for maximum resolution and accuracy. measurement mode, the left display
In the dc level measurement mode the Distortion Analyzer automatically sets the input attenuation and the gain of the input amplifier proper range of the dc voltmeter. The correction for input gain and attenuation, displayed in appropriate units.
In the dc level measurement mode only the ac component of the input signal the MONITOR output. The ac component also affects the input gain.
codes)
is
blanked even though
signal
Measurement
S
(Shift)
In the dc level
an
ac signal may be present.
so
that the signal amplitude lies within the
is then measured by the dc voltmeter and after
key will
is
coupled to
Related Sections
Common Mode
RATIO and LOG/LIN
Special Functions
3-39
Operation Model 89033
Default Conditions
Description
and Power-up
When which the instrument front-panel indicators light approximately four seconds, this sequence is completed and the Distortion Analyzer is preset as follows:
first
turned on, the Distortion Analyzer performs a sequence of internal checks after
is
ready to make measurements. During the power-up sequence, all
to
allow the operator to determine if any are defective. After
MEASUREMENT DETECTOR LP FILTER HPPeighting BP Filter RATIO Ratio Reference LOG/LIN
Left Display Right Display Service Request Condition Status Byte Trigger Mode Special Functions
....................
....................
........................
......................
....................
.....................
..............
.........
.................
...................
........
...................
...............
AC LEVEL RMS LOW PASS 80 kHz Off Off
0
LIN (see
Operating Instruction) Input Frequency Input AC Level HP-IB Code Error Only Cleared Free Run (Code All Special Functions off
except Service Request Condition which
to
RATIO
22.2
(HP-IB Code Error).
Sequence
and
LOGILIN
TO)
or
Detailed
in their zero suffix,
is
set
Related Sections
Ratio and LOG/LIN Service Request Condition
NOTE
The FLOAT switch is set
manually.
3-40
Model 89033 Operation

Detector Selection

(Special Function
5)
Description
Procedure
Example
Program Code
Indications
The Distortion Analyzer contains a wideband, true rms with high accuracy and sensitivity. The Distortion Analyzer can be switched to have either
or
a true rms
To select the AVG Detector, press the AVG/RMS key. The key light will light to indicate average detection. To select the RMS Detector, press the AVG/RMS key again. The light will extinguish, indicating true rms detection.
Code A0
For fast
5.0SP for fast rms detection,
the following HP-IB codes: 5.2SP for
detection.
When 5.0SP When 5.2SP detection has been selected.
averaging detector response.
I
Detector
is
the HP-IB code
or
slow detection selection (either rms
or
5.1SP is entered, the light in the AVG/RMS key will go out
or
5.3SP is entered, the light in the AVG/RMS key will light indicating average
Program
1
A0
for
or
Code
or
5.0SP
RMS
Detector.
5.1SP for slow rms detection.
A1
or
average), enter the following HP-IB codes:
fast
average detection,
or
average-responding voltmeter
key
is the HP-IB code for AVG Detector.
For
average detection, enter
or
5.3SP for slow average
if
it
is
on.
Measurement
Technique
Comments
Related Sections
When measuring complex waveforms accurate rms measurement than an average-responding detector which has been calibrated to indicate the rms value of a sine wave. For a sine wave, both the true rms and the average-responding detectors give correct rms readings. However, when the signal is a complex waveform, be in error. The amount of error depends upon the particular signal being measured.
noise, an average-responding detector reads low.
Many ac voltmeters employ an average-responding detector. the use of an average-responding detector, press the AVG/RMS key
AC Level Distortion Distortion Level
SINAD
or
when significant noise
or
noise, a true
is
present, the average-responding detector reading can
rms
detector will provide a more
For
those applications requiring
for
average detection.
For
3-41
Operation Model
89033
Description
Procedure
Example
Display
The measurement mode can be set external load resistance by using Special Function 19 through HP-IB. The range selectable load resistance (in ohms) is an integer value from
To set the measurement to display the ac level in watts into a specified resistance, enter the corresponding
Resistance
8
1-999
To
set the right display
(program
codes)
HP-IB
(0)
to
Level
(Special Function
to
code.
19.OSP
19.NNNSP
read INPUT signal level in watts into an external 16R speaker:
in
Watts
19)
read the ac input power level in watts into a specified
1
to
999.
Program Code
(where
NNN
corresponds
Code
19.16SP
LFunction
to
the
load
resistance
of
in
ohms.)
the
Program Code
indications
Comments
For
HP-IB codes, refer
The right display indicated. All measurement LEDs
The load resistance in ohms must be an integer (for example, a resistance be entered). The decimal point An attempt to enter a second decimal point
Remember that the instrument assumes that the input voltage the specified external load resistance. watts is shown for the resistance entered.
Zeros immediately following the decimal point are optional. For example,when setting the load resistance to equivalent to 19.10 both specify an
The displayed power level is accurate regardless audio detector is set to average responding.
Neither the RATIO nor the
8R
to
Procedure
shows
a four-digit readout of the ac power in watts but no units are
1
ohm, 19.1
or
19.100. Note that 19., 19.0, and 19.8 are equivalent (that
load resistance).
LOG
above.
go
off.
has
already been used when entering the Special Function.
is
ignored.
is
being developed across
If
an incorrect resistance
is
equivalent to 19.01 and 19.001. However, 19.1 is not
of
distortion unless the Distortion Analyzer’s
function can be used with this Special Function.
is
entered, the readout in
of
5.80 cannot
is,
they
Related Sections
3-42
AC level Detector Selection
Model
89033
Operation
Distortion
Description
Procedure
Example
The Distortion Analyzer measures distortion by first determining the following value:
D=
It
then converts D into the appropriate measurement units as follows:
%
dB
The RATIO key can be used to compare the measured results to a predetermined ratio reference value (refer to
A
distortion measurement can be made on signals from
300V
to To make a distortion measurement, press the DISTN key. Use the filters
hum, spurious signals, etc. The Distortion Analyzer powers up with the LOW
filter activated. To measure the distortion of an external source in a
in the single-ended mode (FLOAT switch in the grounded position).
RATIO
a
(program
codes)
noise + distortion
+
signal
units = D
units = 2010g
and
noise + distortion
X
LOGILIN).
Measurement
100%
D
M3L
T-
20
Hz to
30
kHz bandwidth:
1
Filter
100
kHz
and from
to
limit noise,
PASS
50
80
mV
kHz
Program Code
Indications
Measurement Technique
M3
is the HP-IB code for the distortion measurement.
When distortion distortion
(see
In the distortion measurement mode, the controller automatically sets the input attenuation and the gain settings of various amplifiers. This signal with the ranging rms detector. This control ensures that the signal amplitude is within the proper range the ac level of the combined signal the fundamental signal. The notch filter automatically tunes to the component whose frequency
is
measured by the counter (usually the fundamental of the input signal). The output detector converts the residual noise The controller then corrects for the programmed gain and attenuation, computes the ratio of the two signals signal is also measured and displayed.
of
Description
is
selected, the LED within the DISTN key will light. The frequency and
the input signal are displayed, and the appropriate annunciators are lighted
above).
is
accomplished by measuring the input
for
the input and output detectors. The Input RMS/AVG Detector converts
+
noise + distortion to dc. The notch filter removes
+
distortion to dc. The dc voltmeter measures both dc signals.
,
and displays the results in appropriate units. The frequency of the input
(Distortion Measurement
Block
Diagram on next page)
3-43
Operation Model
Distortion (cont’d)
COUNTER/
LEFT OISPLAY
(F
FREQUENCY
REOUENCY)
89033
IINpuTI++
Comments
Related Sections
INPUT FILTERS NOTCH
ATTENUATOR
/
INPUT
AMPLIFIER
RANGING
RMS
DETECTOR
HP/BP
FILTER
INPUT RMS/AVG
DETECTOR
u1
I
u
L
-
-
.
(StNtO)
Distortion Measurement
Distortion can be measured with either the true
rms
applications specify true
detection.
Detector Selection Distortion Level Filters Notch Tune
RATIO
and LOG/LIN
Block
OUTPUT
DETECTOR
RMS/AVG VOLTMETER/ RIGHT OISPLAY
CONTROLLER (AMPLITUDE)
Diagram
rms
or
average-responding detector. Most
3-44
Model
89033
Operation
Description
Procedure
Example
Program Code
Indications
Distortion
This measurement mode can be accessed only via HP-IB. The Distortion Analyzer measures the distortion level by removing the fundamental of the input signal and then measuring the ac level of the remaining noise and distortion. The mV and the linear mode a
6000
load). The RATIO key can be used to compare the measured results to a predetermined
ratio reference (refer to To make a distortion level measurement, you must use the HP-IB Distortion Level program
S3.
code
with the LOW-PASS
To measure distortion level on an external source signal in a
(program
S3
When distortion level displayed, and the appropriate annunciators and DISTN key light will light (see above).
The filters are used to limit the bandwidth. The Distortion Analyzer powers up
codes)
is
the HP-IB code for distortion level.
or
the values are converted to dJ3m (that is,
RATIO and LOGILIN).
80
kHz filter activated.
is
selected, the frequency and amplitude
Level
Measurement
-J7--Filter
S3L1
V
units are displayed
dB
relative to 1 milliwatt into
30
kHz bandwidth
of
the input signal are
Description
in
Measurement
Technique
In the distortion level measurement mode, the controller automatically sets the input attenua-
tion and the gain settings of various amplifiers. This control ensures that the signal amplitude
is
within the proper range for the output detector. The notch filter removes the fundamental from the input is
measured by the counter (usually the fundamental converts the residual noise
the controller corrects for the programmed gain and attenuation. The results are then
displayed in the appropriate units. The frequency
signal.
The notch filter automatically tunes to the component whose frequency
of
the input signal). The output detector
+
distortion to dc. The dc voltmeter measures the
of
the input
is
also measured and displayed.
signal,
and
(Distortion Level Measurement
Block
Diagram on next page)
3-45
Operation
Model
89033
Measurement Technique (con t’d)
Distortion
U
-
RANGIN6
RWS
DETECTOR
Level
(cont’d)
FREQUENCY
COUNTER/
LEFT OISPLAY
(FREQUENCY)
1
Related Sections
Distortion Level Measurement
Detector Selection Distortion Filters Monitor
Notch
RATIO
tune
and
LOG/LIN
Block
Diagram
3-46
Model
89033
Operation
Description
Procedure
Example
Error
(Special Function
The
Error
Disable Function is used
the
8.N
Special Function allows the user to enable all operator
analyzer errors (measurement related errors).
To selectively disable
All
error messages enabled.
Disable analyzer error messages.
To disable the analyzer error messages:
(program
codes)
(or
enable) operator error messages, enter the corresponding
Error
Message
Disable
to
selectively disable operating error messages. Using
Status
Code
8)
8.1
SP
TT-Function
error
messages,
8.0SP
8.1SP
or
or
HP-IB
8.3SP
disable
code.
Program Code
Indications
Comments
Related
Sections
For
HP-IB
As
the program code is entered, both displays will blank, and the entered code will flash in the left display. selected measurement mode.
HP-IB
over the bus, but is ignored.
The error messages can the
HP-IB
Error
When these safeguards are disabled, erroneous measurements can result under certain condi­tions. This should be kept in mind when operating the instrument with error messages disabled.
Automatic Operation
Error
Special Functions
codes refer to
Both
codes
8.1SP
and
bus controller.
messages are one means by which the instrument safeguards accurate measurements.
Message Summary
Procedure
displays return
8.3SP
perform the same function.
also
be
above.
to
selectively disabled
the display that
HP-IB
to
prevent unwanted error interrupts to
is
appropriate for the currently
code
8.2SP
can be entered
3-47
Operation Model 89033
Description
HP-IB
Output
Format
Error
The instrument generates error messages
or
entries, condition code as follows:
Error
and Entry Errors that indicate that not all conditions have been met to assure a calibrated measurement, Disable Special Function messages. Entry Errors require that a new program code entry be made.
Error
related information. Service Errors must be enabled failures within the instrument. Service Errors are discussed in the Service Section this manual.
The HP-IB output format for errors is shown below:
service related problems. The error message
is
removed. (Error 31
10
through Error
or
65
through Error
Message
39
that an invalid
(8.N)
89.
Fixed Data
Error Code Carriage Return
Summary
to
indicate operating problems, incorrect HP-IB
is
generally cleared when the error
is
an exception.) The Error Messages are grouped by error
and
Error
HP-IB
can be used to selectively disable certain operating error
These are Service Errors that provide additional service
+900DDE+05CR
IJ-
Fixed Exponent
90
through Error
code sequence entry has been made. The Error
to
appear and
LF
T
-LL
Line
Feed
99.
These are Operating
do
not necessarily represent
(8)
of
Error
Displays
For
example, Error 10 is output
from normal error has been input subtracting 9
Shown below and on the next page are three types of error displays. The first is typical of most error displays and is shown as meaning and occur often.
This display shows the general error display format. These errors are output to the HP-IB
as
shown under the HP-IB format above.
data
outputs since normal
to
the computing controller, the error code is simply derived by
X
lo9
from the input number, then dividing the result by 100 000.
to
the HP-IB as +90010E+05CRLF. This format differs
data
outputs will never exceed
a
general case. The second and third have specific
4
X
109. Once an
3-48
This display means that no signal has been sensed at the input. This display
the HP-IB as Error 96 using the HP-II3 format shown above.
is
output to
Model
89033
Operation
Error Displays
(cont’d)
Error Messages
Error
This display means that a signal has been detected,
is
table
typically
Code
Error
10
not
result a transitory state changes to
The
action pertaining to particular errors is also
Message
yet
available. This display is
in
instrument operation. After
Error
31.
Error
31
below describes all Operating and
required to remove
I
Message
Summary
is
output
to
the
error-causing condition is
given.
never
the
Operating
Reading too large for display.
This error code indicates that although the required calculation is within the capability of the instrument, the result of the calculation exceeds the display capabilities.
output
HP-IB
Entry
Errors
(cont’d)
but
for
various reasons a measurement
to
the
HP-IB
nine
successive occurrences,
using
the
HP-IB
errors.
The
Action Required/Comments
and
typically indicates
format shown above.
error code, message, and the
given.
Additional information
the
display
11
13
14
17
19
Calculated value out of range.
Notch cannot tune to input.
Input level exceeds instrument specifications.
Although error codes
Errors, they should be considered rather
Internal voltmeter cannot make measurement.
Cannot confirm external source frequency.
Enter new RATIO reference. Refer to
Adjust input frequency to within specified limits. Refer to Table 1-1.
This error code indicates that the input overload detector has tripped (not in range hold). This could be caused by too large an ac signal, or too much ac on a dc signal.
17
and
19
This error code indicates that the counter has failed to return a value. This can only be caused by a
malfunction in the counter. Refer to Service Sheet 14.
This error indicates that in notch routine, the frequency could not be measured, and thus the notch could not
be adjusted. This usually indicates a counter problem. Refer to Service Sheet 14.
RATIO and LOG/LIN.
NOTE
are officially listed here under Operating
as
diagnostic indications.
26
RATIO not allowed in present mode.
This error code indicates that use of the RATIO key does not make sense in the current mode. Refer to
RATIO and LOG/LIN.
3-49
Operation Model
89033
Error
Messages (cont’d)
Error
Error
Code
30
31
96
Message Summary
I
Message
I
rating Errors (Cont’d)
Input overload detector
tripped in range hold.
Cannot make
measurement.
(HP-IB only) sensed at input.
No
signal
This error code indicates that the input signal is too
high for the selected range. Use Special Function enter a more realistic range setting, or enter AU over
the HP-IB to allow the Distortion Analyzer to seek the
correct input range. Refer to
This error code indication occurs when the input signal
is changing too quickly for the Distortion Analyzer to make consistent measurements or when the common mode signal is too large for the Distortion Analyzer.
The
trying to make a measurement. After nine unsuccessful tries, Error
This error is sent on the HP-IB when the is shown.
‘I-
-
- -
display indicates that the instrument is
31
Entry Errors
(cont’d)
Action Required/Comments
Automatic Operation.
is displayed.
‘I-
-”
1
to
display
Related Sections
20
21
22
23
24
65-89
Automatic Operation
RATIO
Entered value out of range.
Invalid HP-IB code sequence.
Invalid Special Function prefix.
Invalid Special Function
suffix.
Invalid HP-IB code.
~~
Service-related errors.
and
LOG/LIN
Re-enter new value.
Check for compatibility
Check, then re-enter correct Special Function code. Refer to
Check, then re-enter correct Special Function code. Refer to
Check, then re-enter correct HP-IB code. This error causes a Require Service message to be sent on the
HP-IB. Refer to Table
Special Functions.
Special Functions.
of
functions selected.
3-4
and accompanying text.
Service Errors
Refer to paragraph
8-1
2,
Service Errors.
3-50
Model
89033
Operation
Filters
(High-Pass, Bandpass, Low-Pass)
Description
Procedure
Example
The optional plug-in high-pass and weighting bandpass, and the LP (low-pass) FILTER keys cause the respective filters to be inserted into the audio signal path. The filters limit the measurement bandwith. The high-pass and bandpass filters are inserted before the notch filter (control of the notch filter is covered in the filters are inserted after the notch filter. When in use, the high-pass, bandpass and low-pass filters always affect the signal at the MONITOR output.
Select the desired signal filters by pressing the appropriate keys. Only one high-pass bandpass and one low-pass filter can be in use at a time. To turn a filter off, press the key
or
again (shown below) turn on the selected filter (defeating others in the group if on). To turn a high-pass/bandpass select the alternate filter in the pair.
To select the left high-pass
LOCAL
(keystrokes)
select another filter in the same group. HP-IB codes for the different filter keys
or
low-pass filter off via HP-IB, use code
or
bandpass filter and the
r
High-Pass Filter
HIGH
PASS
B
(program
codes)
High-Pass Filter
Notch
7
Tune
discussion). The low-pass
HO
30
kHz low-pass filter:
7
Low-Pass
LOW
Filter7
PASS
B
!f-
Low
-Pass
or
LO respectively,
F
i
I
ter
or
or
Indications
Comments
Program Program
High-Pass/Bandpass Filter Code Low-Pass Filter
Both
off
(750
kHz low-pass)
Left High-Pass Right High-Pass or Bandpass Filter H2 Low Pass
When a filter is activated (by either automatic filter key will light.
Two plug-in positions within the instrument permit the Distortion Analyzer to be configured with various high-pass blies include a and CCITT, CCIR, CCIR/ARM, These weighting bandpass filters are all psophometric in nature; each filter characteristic approximates the response of human hearing according to separately established standards.
These optional plug-in filter assemblies may be inserted in either the left-most key position, according to the filter option number.
or
Bandpass Filter
and
band-pass filter combinations. The optional plug-in filter assem-
400
Hz High-Pass (used
to
filter out
“A”
Weighting, and C-Message Weighting Bandpass Filters.
Low Pass
or
manual selection), the
50/60
30
kHz
80
kHz
LED
Hz
hum, and squelch signals),
Code
@@
L2
within that
or
right-most
3-51
Operation
Model
89033
Comments (cont’d)
Filters
(cont’d)
(High-Pass, Bandpass, Low-Pass)
Filter
400
Hz
high pass
CClTT
CClR
weighting bandpass filter
weighting
bandpass filter
C-Message weighting bandpass filter
CCIR/ARM
“A
weighting bandpass filter
weighting bandpass filter
Left-Most Key Position
Filter Option Number
01
0
01
1
01
2
01
3
01
4
01
5
Right-Most Key Position
Filter Option Number
050
051
052 053
054
055
The selected filters are always in the path of the audio signal.
3
dB
With all filters off, the
The high-pass
or
bandpass filters affect the signal being counted however, the low-pass
measurement bandwidth
filters do not. Repeating the HP-IB command
is
approximately
to
turn on a specific fdter has no effect (that
10
Hz
to
750
is, the filters cannot be toggled on and off using the same HP-IB command).
The individual filter characteristics are given in Table
1-1,
Specifications
and in Table
Supplemental Information.
kHz.
1-2,
The optional, weighting bandpass plug-in filter assemblies weights the frequency response of the Distortion Analyzer as shown in their respective curve plots.
t15
t10
t5
0
-5
-10
I
m
0
-15
-
Y
Y)
-20
z
0
a.
Y)
W
-25
a
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55 10
FREQUENCY
(Hz)
3-52
CCITT
and
400
Hz High-Pass Filter Plot
Model
89033
Operation
t15
+lo
t5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
10
Filters
(cont’d)
(High-Pass, Bandpass, Low-Pass)
FREOUENCY
(Hz)
m
0
-
W
u)
z
0
n
In
W
a
CCIR and CCIRIARM Weighting Filter Plot
FREQUENCY
“A”
Weighting and “C”-Message Weighting Filter Plot
(HZ)
3-53
Operation
Model
89033
Related Sections
AC
Level Distortion Distortion Level
SINAD
Filters
(High-Pass, Bandpass, Low-Pass)
(cont’d)
3-54
Model
89033
Operation

Float

Description
Procedure
Comments
To minimize measurement errors caused by ground loops, the analyzer input can be floated. Floating the input improves rejection of low frequency and common mode signals (for example, line-related hum and noise). The front-panel FLOAT switch determines whether the input is floating balanced.
To avoid the possibility without Option
of
the BNC INPUT connector when the FLOAT switch
Do
not apply more than
or
single-ended. When in the float mode, the analyzer input
of
hazardous shock on standard instruments (those
001))
do not apply more than
300
Vrms (either differential, common-mode,
42V
peak to the outer conductor
is
in
the FLOATposition.
or
is
fully
a
combination) to the INPUT connector(s).
To float the analyzer input, set the FLOAT switch to the FLOAT position. In the float mode the center conductor is the High Input, and the
is
that grounded position) the outer conductor is connected directly to chassis ground.
The INPUT BNC connector allows the attachment mode, which minimizes electromagnetic interference (EMI). This is important if the Distortion Analyzer
isolated from chassis ground. In the single-ended mode (the FLOAT switch in the
is
operated near a transmitter,
or
in
the presence
outer
conductor is the Low Input
of
a shielded cable in the single-ended
of
large RF signals.
When the FLOAT switch
is
connected
If
EM1 shielding BNC-to-banana adapters are supplied with the instrument output of the banana connector to the center conductor of the BNC connector. These adapters are normally used when the FLOAT switches are set in the FLOAT position.
to
chassis ground.
is
to
dual banana with standard 3h-inch spacing. The adapters connect the conductor
DEVICE
FNDER
is
in the grounded position, the outer conductor of the connector
not critical, banana-type connectors can be used. For Option
to
convert the BNC input and
8903E
TEST,
001)
two
Effect
of
Multipoint Ground System (FLOAT Switch Closed)
3-55
Operation Model
89033
Comments
(cont’d)
Float
One major source of
or
when making low distortion measurements
above illustrates a typical measurement setup using the Distortion Analyzer. In the figure
the system common line
chassis two physically separate ground points are seldom flow in the system common line. Due line, the current causes a voltage drop. This voltage drop (a common mode voltage) sums with the signal under measurement and can cause erroneous readings. Grounding the system common line ground loops. Floating the Distortion Analyzer input circuitry isolates the outer conductor
of
are grounded only through the device under test. Note that the system common line is now grounded at a single point.
of
the Distortion Analyzer and the common point
at
the Distortion Analyzer from chassis ground. Thus, the Distortion Analyzer input circuits
error
which must be considered when measuring low level ac signals
is
connected
a
single point minimizes the effect of common mode voltages caused by
(cont’d)
is
error introduced by ground loops. The figure
to
chassis
to
conductor resistance
or
at
earth ground at two separate points: the
of
the device under test. Since
the same ground potential, current will
(RC)
in the system common
3-56
Model
89033
Operation
Description
Procedure
Hold
The position of the decimal point in the right display can be held in a specific location by using Special Function
To hold the decimal point in the right display to a specific position, enter the corresponding
HP-IB program code.
Decimal
Hold Position
Automatic Selection
DDDD. DDD.D
DD.DD
D.DDD
0.DDDD DD.DD
D.DDD
0.DDDD
'The decimal point does not appear on the display. It is
shown to establish the position it would appear in the numeric value
"The zero does not appear on the display. It is shown
to clarify the position of the decimal point.
V
Range*
V
Range
V
Range
V
Range
V
Range"
rnV
mV
rnV
of
Range Range
Range"
the readout.
Decimal
(Special Function
4.
I
Program
Code
1-
4.0SP
4.1 SP
4.2SP
4.3SP
4.4SP
4.5SP
4.6SP
4.7SP
4.8SP
I
Point
4)
Example
Program
Codes
Indications
Comments
Related Sections
To hold the decimal point after the first digit of a mV Range (D.DDD mV):
4.7SP
Code
1
-L
(program
For HP-IB codes refer to
As the program code
in the left display. The right display will show the amplitude with the decimal held in the
position requested. The left display provides the normal information associated with the
selected measurement mode.
It
is possible
that exceeds the resolution of the instrument. For example, in the dc level measurement
.mode,
decimal point will always be zeros, and are not significant digits in the amplitude readout.
Automatic Operation Special Functions
codes)
4.7SP
Procedure
is
entered, both displays will blank, and the entered code will flash
to
use the Hold Decimal Point Special Function to set the display for a readout
will set the display
above.
to
a mV range. In this case, the three digits following the
Function
3-57
Operation Model 89033
Description
Procedure
Example
Program Code
Indications
Hold
(Special Function
The Hold Settings Special Function is used settings for the input level ranges, the post-notch gain, the decimal point position, and the notch tuning.
To hold the presently selected settings for the functions above, enter the HP-IB program code 9.OSP.
To
hold the present settings
(program
For
As the program code is entered, both displays will blank, and the entered code will appear in the left display. The displays will then show the normal readings for the currently selected measurement mode.
codes)
HP-IB code, refer to
Example
Settings
9)
to
freeze the instrument in the presently selected
of
the specified functions:
TT
CodeJ
above.
9.OSP
LFunction
Comments
Related
Sections
Using Special Function 9 is the HP-IB bus:
l.N Input Level Range (Except
2.N
Input Level Range
3.N Post-Notch Gain
4.N
Hold Decimal Point (Right Display Only)
6.1
Hold Notch Tuning
For
Special Functions 1 through
to
Special
for
6.0
SP
instrument is using Display (refer
Note that using the Hold Settings Special Function can cause inaccurate measurements under some circumstances.
Once settings have been held by the Hold Settings Special Function, one can be reset to their automatic modes by issuing the Special Function code. tuning mode. Use
Automatic Operation Special Functions
equivalent to entering the following special functions through
DC
Level)
(DC
Level Only)
4,
N is set equal to the currently selected value that the
that function. These values can be read by using the Special Special
Functions).
or
more of them
0
suffix code
As
an example, Hold Settings places the instrument in hold notch
to re-enter the automatic notch tuning mode.
of
the corresponding
3-58
Model
89033
Operation
Description
Procedure
Indications
HP-lB
(Special Function
Address
21)
The Distortion Analyzer’s present HP-IB address can be displayed by using the front-panel
S
(Shift) LCL keys (for the decimal display). This display
left display)
“NN”
address set at the factory using Special Function
(in the right display), where
is
28 (11100
21.
Information on Special Function
in binary). The HP-IB address can also be displayed
“NN”
is
of the form “Addr=” (in the
is
the HP-IB decimal address. The
21
is
found in
Comments,
below.
To display the HP-IB address in decimal, key in the S (Shift) LCL keys.
To display the HP-IB address in decimal:
LOCAL
(keystrokes)
Assuming the same address, the following will be displayed
-
A5
-
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
A
Address Switches
-
-
A4
A3
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
-
list of the allowable addresses for the Distortion Analyzer
-
A2
-
A1
Talk Address
Char-
acter
-
Listen Address Char­acter
-
Decimal Equiva
lent
-
Address Switches
A5
-
0 0
0 0
1 0 0
0
0
0 1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
@
A
B
C
D
E
F G H
I
J
K
L
M
N
0
0 1 2 3
4
5 6
7
8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15
1
1
1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
...
......
.
::5qp$
. .
...
(...
.
...
,
..Ip
.+:.:.:
.:.:.:.:,
,:..../
.........
:x
.....
1 1
-
is
given below:
I
Talk Address Char­acter
I
I
Listen Decimal Address Equiva Char- lent
acter
Program
Codes
For HP-IB codes refer to the Program Code table under
Comments
following.
3-59
Operation Model
89033
Comments
HP-IB
The HP-IB address display since the result of changing a switch setting information on setting the this
manual.
L
bits
To
clear the display (from the instrument front panel), press the LCL key, then any function
key. The instrument reverts to the new measurement mode.
The HP-IB address can can only be executed via HP-IB, the instrument’s HP-IB address must be known prior its use. The primary value of using
be
can
To display the HP-IB address via HP-IB, key in the appropriate follows:
Display
Format
The factory-set address
are
set
to
0.
displayed.
Address
(Special
HP-IB
The S bit powers up at
also
Function
is
continuously updated. This makes setting the address easy
address of the Distortion Analyzer, refer to Section 2 of
is,
as
be displayed via Special Function
HP-IB
is
(cont’d)
21)
is
immediately visible on the display. For
shown in the examples, decimal 28. The T and
0.
21.
Since Special Functions
that
the
status
of the Require Service message
HP-IB
program code as
to
21.0
Binary Decimal
As
the program code is entered, is entered, the top row measurement key lights and annunciators Special Function where
AAAAA
of the form TLS where the T, L, and following page.
was
entered, the left display will show a binary number of the form
is
the HP-IB address in binary. The right display will show a binary number
T
NOT NOT NOT
0
If T and L are both 1, the instrument is set
A
digits are set to 1 and T is the status byte only). is not installed.) If the statement “Addr=” and the right display will show the decimal value HP-IB address
TALK LISTEN REQUESTING
ONLY ONLY SERVICE
TALK LISTEN REQU ESTlNG
ONLY ONLY SERVICE
(If
all digits
21.1
(28
if it has not been changed).
SP
21.1
SP
it
will appear on the left display. When the HP-IB code
will
S
have the meaning indicated in the table on the
L
1,
the instrument will be in
W.TL
Special Function was entered, the left display will show the
S
to
talk only (talk overrides listen). If all the
talk
status only (that is, output
are 1 but
S
is
0,
the Remote Interface board
turn off.
of
If
the
AAAAA
the instrument’s
21.0
Related
Sections
3-60
Remote Operation, Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus Special Functions
Model 89033 Operation
Description
Procedure
Example
Input
In all measurement modes the input level range can be set to a desired range by using Special Function formode only. Refer
operation mode, the input level range is determined by both the dc and ac level (if there
is one)
To
the corresponding HP-IB program code.
To
of
the input signal.
set the input level range to a selected range,
Input
Level
(Full
Automatic Selection
300V
64V 16V
4V
set the input level range to the 16V range:
Level
2.N
Range
Scale)
range range
range
range
Range
(Special Function
through HP-IB. The following discussion describes this function
to
Input Level Range (Except
Input
Attenuation
40 24
12
0
dB dB dB dB
(DC
Level)
2)
DC
Level)
or
to re-enter the automatic selection mode,
Program
HP-IB
2.0SP
2.1 SP
2.2SP
2.3SP
2.4SP
for additionthe automatic
Code
Program
Codes
a
Indications
Comments
Related
Sections
Code
(program
For HP-IB codes, refer to
As
blanks out. to show the input signal frequency after the HP-IB code
When the Distortion Analyzer powers up, input level range is placed in the automatic selection mode.
If the input level range
detector to trip,
Manually selecting the gain Measurement accuracy is not specified whenever the gain manually selected because the selected gain setting may be less than optimum. It to note that error messages indicating invalid measurements due to incorrect gain settings are not generated unless overload conditions occur. Automatic operation ensures accurate measurements for all combinations
Automatic Operation
DC
Input Level Range (Except Monitor Special Functions
codes)
the program code
Note
that for all measurement modes except dc level, the left display will return
Error
Level
Procedure
is
entered,
is
set such that the input signal level causes the input overload
30 will be displayed.
of
DC
above.
it
will flash on the left display, which then temporarily
the input level circuitry can cause measurement error.
of
input signals and measurement modes.
Level)
YL
or
when Automatic Operation is selected, the
F
unction
is
entered.
of
the input level circuitry is
is
important
3-61
Operation Model
89033
Description
Procedure
Input Level Range (Except
(Special Function
In all measurement modes the input level range can be set
1
.NN
Special Function
through HP-IB. The following discussion describes this function for
function for all measurement modes except
(DC
Leuel)
for additional information. The input circuitry consists
1)
DC
DC
Level)
to
a desired range by using
Level mode. Refer to
Input
of
Leuel
a programmable
Range
attenuator and two programmable amplifiers. In automatic operation mode, the gain of the attenuator-amplifier section of the input is automatically set according to the level of the input signal.
To
set the input level range to a selected range
or
to re-enter the automatic selection mode,
enter the corresponding HP-IB program code.
Input Level Range
(Full
Scale)
Automatic Selection
300V
189V 119v
75.4v
47.6V
30.0V
18.9V 1 1.9v
7.54v
4.76V
3.00V
1.89V
1.19v
0.754V
0.476V
0.300V
0.1 89V
0.119v
0.0754V
Program
Code
1 .OSP
1.15p
1.25p
1.35p
1.45p
1.55p
1.65p
1.75p
1.85p
1.95p
1.1OSP
1.11SP
1.1 2SP
1.13SP
1.14SP
1.1 5SP
1.1 6SP
1.17SP
1.1 8SP
1.1 9SP
Example
Program Code
e
Indications
3
-62
To
set the input level range to the
(program
For
As
codes)
HB-IB codes, refer to
the program code
is
Procedure
entered, it will appear on the left display. The display returns to
show the input signal frequency.
30.0V
above.
range:
1.6SP
Code
-7-Z-Function
Model
89033
Operation
Input Level Range (Except
Comments
Related
Sections
DC
(Special
When the Distortion Analyzer the input level range
set such that the input signal level creates an overrange condition, an error message will
be displayed. The error message generated depends on instrument settings
signal level. causes the input overload detector to trip,
of
the error messages, refer to
Manually selecting the gain Measurement accuracy manually selected because the selected gain setting may be less than optimum. to note that error messages indicating invalid measurements due to incorrect gain settings
are not generated unless overload conditions occur. Automatic operation ensures accurate
measurements
AC Level Automatic Operation
Input Level Range (DC Level) Monitor
Special Functions
For
for
is
placed in the automatic selection mode.
example,
all combination
if
is
not specified whenever the gain
Function
is
first powered up
the input level range is set such that the input signal level
Error
Message
of
the input level circuitry can cause measurement error.
of
input signals and measurement modes.
1)
Error
Summary.
Level)
or
when Automatic Operation is selected,
30
will be displayed. For a complete listing
of
(Cont’d)
If
the input level range is
and
the input
the input level circuitry is
It
is
important
3-63
Operation Model
Monitor
89033
Description
Block Diagram
/-INPUT STAGE GAIN- /-POST NOTCH GAIN
(INPUrl)
::
The MONITOR output provides a means of monitoring the ac signal into the output detector. The auto-ranging MONITOR output level is normally a
is
proportional
a
scaled representation of the ac component of the input signal. In SINAD, distortion, and
to
the input signal. In ac level and dc level the MONITOR output provides
0.3
to
3
Vrms
signal which
rms
distortion level the MONITOR output provides a scaled representation of the input signal with the fundamental removed. The output is dc coupled with a
600R
output impedance, and a BNC female connector. The MONITOR output can be used to drive other instruments, such
A
simplified block diagram
relationships between the MONITOR output and the other circuit blocks
as
an oscilloscope, wave analyzer,
of
the Distortion Analyzer measurement circuits illustrating the
or
spectrum analyzer for further analysis.
is
shown below.
The MONITOR output block diagram illustrates the signal path from the INPUT to the
is
that
of
MONITOR output. The diagram
a programmable gain amplifier with a tunable notch filter. In ac level and dc level, the notch filter is bypassed. In SINAD, distortion, and distortion level the notch filter
is
switched into the signal path, removing the fundamental
frequency.
-\
INTERNAL
PLUG-IN
INPUT
ATTENUATOR
w
HP/EP PROGRAUABLE
FILTERS
NOTCH GAIN AUPLIFIER
PROGRAUABLE
GAIN AUPLIFIER
test
Comments
INPUT
AWPLIF IER
Monitor Output
Block
Diagram
FILTERS
)I
-
OUTPUT RUWAVG DETECTOR
The MONITOR output gain and sensitivity (that is, the net signal gain from the INPUT to the MONITOR output) are dependent on the input stage gain and the post-notch gain.
can
Both the input stage gain and the post-notch gain
Special Display (refer
to
Special
Functions).
be determined by viewing the Special
The input stage gain, and post-notch gain for various instrument settings are listed in the tables below.
3-64
Model
89033
Operation
Comments (Cont’d)
Special Special
Display
1.”
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
Monitor
(Cont’d)
INPUT STAGE GAIN (Except dc)
Input level
Gain
Range
300V 189V 119v
75.4v
47.6V
30.0V
18.9V
11.9v
7.54v
4.76V
3.00V
1.89V
1.19v
0.754V
0.476V
0.300V
0.1 89V
0.119v
0.0754V
-40
-36
-32
-28
-24
-20
-1
6
-1
2
-8
-4
0
+4 +8
+12
$1
6
+20
+24
+28 +32
0.01
0.01 58
0.0251
0.0398
0.0631
0.1
000
0.1 585
0.251 2
0.3981
0.631 1-00
1.58
2.51
3.98
6.31
10.00
15.85
25.1 2
39.81
00
0
I
POST-NOTCH GAIN
I
Special Special
Display
3.N
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Log
(dB)
0
+20 +40 +60
Linear
1
10 100 1000
The measurement system net gain equals the combined gain of the two stages. To calculate the net gain use the following formulas:
Net Gain (LOG) = Input Stage Gain (LOG) + Post-Notch Gain (LOG)
or
Net Gain (LIN) = Input Stage Gain (LIN) X Post-Notch Gain (LIN)
In ac level the MONITOR output is a scaled replica output level
VOut
=
Vi,,
is
calculated
X
as:
Net Gain
of
the input signal. The MONITOR
where
Vi”
is
the input signal level and the linear net gain is used.
3-65
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