Agilent 8703B
Lightwave Component Analyzer
Reference
Notices
© Agilent Technologies, Inc.
July 2004
proceed beyond a caution sign
until the indicated conditions
are fully understood and met.
No part of this manual may be
reproduced in any form or by
any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or
translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from
Agilent Technologies, Inc. as
governed by United States and
international copyright lays.
Manual Part Number
08703-90059
Edition
First edition, July 2004
Printed in Malaysia
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Digital Signal Analysis
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403, USA
Warranty
The material contained in this
document is provided “as is,”
and is subject to being
changed, without notice, in
future editions. Further, to the
maximum extent permitted by
applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either
express or implied, with regard
to this manual and any information contained herein,
including but not limited to the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. Agilent
shall not be liable for errors or
for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with
the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of
any information contained
herein. Should Agilent and the
user have a separate written
agreement with warranty
terms covering the material in
this document that conflict
with these terms, the warranty
terms in the separate agreement shall control.
WARNING
Warning denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to a procedure
which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could
result in injury or loss of life.
Do not proceed beyond a
warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
Restricted Rights Legend.
Use, duplication, or disclosure
by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth
in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of
the Rights in Technical Data
and Computer Software clause
at DFARS 252.227-7013 for
DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of
the Commercial Computer
Software Restricted Rights
clause at FAR 52.227-19 for
other agencies.
Safety Notices
CAUTION
Caution denotes a hazard. It calls
attention to a procedure
which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could
result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not
2
Certification
Certification
Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment
from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to
the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's
calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
General Safety Considerations
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with the standards listed on the Manufacturer’s
Declaration of Conformity, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product
in a safe condition.
WARNING If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be
impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are
intact) only.
WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical
shock, do not remove covers.
Safety and Regulatory Information
For safety and regulatory information, see “Laser Safety Considerations” on page 1-15 and “Regulatory
Information” on page 1-18
3
Safety and Regulatory Information
4
Contents
1. Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics 1-2
Laser Safety Considerations 1-15
Declaration of Conformity 1-17
Regulatory Information 1-18
2. Front/Rear Panel
Front Panel Features 2-2
Analyzer Display 2-4
Rear Panel Features and Connectors 2-8
3. Menu Maps
Menu Maps 3-2
4. Hardkey and Softkey Reference
5. Operating Concepts
Operating Concepts 5-2
Lightwave Component Analyzer Operation 5-2
Output Power 5-4
Sweep Time 5-5
Channel Stimulus Coupling 5-6
Sweep Types 5-6
S-Parameters 5-11
Analyzer Display Formats 5-13
Electrical Delay 5-23
Noise Reduction Techniques 5-24
Measurement Calibration 5-27
Calibration Routines 5-42
Optical Calibration Kit Modifications 5-42
Electrical Calibration Kit Modifications 5-43
GPIB Operation 5-44
Limit Line Operation 5-47
6. Error Messages
Introduction 6-2
Error Messages in Alphabetical Order 6-2
Error Messages in Numerical Order 6-14
7. Options and Accessories
Options Available 7-2
Accessories Available 7-2
8. Preset State and Memory Allocation
Introduction 8-2
Preset State 8-2
Contents-1
Contents
Memory Allocation 8-11
9. Understanding the CITIfile Data Format
Introduction 9-2
The CITIfile Data Format 9-2
CITIfile Keywords 9-6
Useful Calculations 9-8
10. Returning the Agilent 8703B for Service
Returning the Instrument for Service 10-2
Agilent Technologies Service Offices 10-4
Contents-2
1
Specifications and Characteristics 1-2
8703B Performance Data 1-3
Optical-to-Optical Device Measurement Specifications 1-4
Optical-to-Electrical Device Measurement Specifications 1-4
Electrical-to-Optical Device Measurement Specifications 1-8
General Information 1-11
Laser Safety Considerations 1-15
Declaration of Conformity 1-17
Regulatory Information 1-18
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Specifications and Characteristics
Specifications apply to instruments in the following situation:
• temperature is in the range of +20°C to +30°C
• analyzer has had a warm-up time of two hours in a stable ambient temperature
• measurement calibration has been performed
Performance Definitions
Specifications: Warranted performance. Specifications include guardbands to account for the expected
statistical performance distribution, measurement uncertainties, and changes in performance due to
environmental conditions.
Characteristics: Useful, non warranted, information about the functions and performance of the system.
Calibration Cycle
Agilent Technologies warrants instrument specifications over the recommended calibration interval. To
maintain specifications, periodic recalibrations are necessary. We recommend that the analyzer be calibrated at an Agilent Technologies service facility every 12 months.
User Calibration Cycle
A user calibration, also known as a measurement calibration, should be performed at least once every 8
hours. If the ambient temperature drifts, then you should perform a calibration more frequently.
1-2
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
8703B Performance Data
8703B Performance Data
Description Specification Characteristic
Lightwave Source
Wavelength
Option 155
Option 131
Average Optical Output Power from Laser
Laser Beam Divergence 12%
Spectral Width
Modulation Bandwidth
Modulation Frequency Resolution
Maximum Optical Power Input to Modulator 10 dBm (10 mW)
Insertion Loss of Modulator 9 dB
Average Optical Output Power from Modulator –4 dBm (400
Modulated Signal Output Power from Modulator (p-p) –7 dBm (200 mW)
Modulation Index
Optical Output Return Loss (for all front panel optical ports)
Lightwave Receiver
Wavelength
Input Modulation Bandwidth
Maximum Average Input Power Operating Level
Input Port Return Loss
Microwave Source
Frequency Bandwidth 0.05 to 20.05 GHz
Frequency Resolution 1 Hz
Output Power Range –65 to +5 dBm
Microwave Receiver
Frequency Bandwidth 0.05 to 20.05 GHz
Maximum Input Power Operating Level +10 dBm
a
1555 nm, ±5 nm
1308 nm, ±9.5 nm
+5 dBm
< 20 MHz
0.05 to 20.05 GHz
1 Hz
40% to 100%
> 30dB
1000-1600 nm
0.05 to 20.05 GHz
+3 dBm
>30 dB
µW)
a. Modulation index is calculated as: maximum signal power/average power.
Measurement Conditions
The specifications in the following section apply for measurements made using these conditions:
• 30 Hz IF Bandwidth
• Stepped Sweep Mode
•Autobias ON
• 0.5% Smoothing
1-3
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Optical-to-Optical Device Measurement Specifications
The following data applies after a response and isolation calibration has been performed. Connectors
should be HMS-10 or equivalent.
O/O Noise Floor
Optical-to-Optical Measurement Performance Data
Description Frequency Range Noise Floor (dBo)
a
Maximum Noise Floor Amplitude
a. Noise Floor is measured with 30 Hz IF bandwidth and with an averaging factor of 6.
0.05 to 8 GHz –30
8 to 20 GHz –25
Optical-to-Electrical Device Measurement Specifications
Relative frequency response can be used to calculate the error in measuring the 3 dB bandwidth of an O/E
device.
Relative Frequency Response Performance Data
Optical-to-Electrical Measurement Performance Data
Description Frequency Range
System Relative Frequency Response Accuracy 0.05 to 11 GHz ±0.65 dB
11 to 20.05 ±0.90 dB
a. Applies to a device with ρ = <0.25 and measurement settings of IF bandwidth = 30 Hz and smoothing = 0.5%.
Specification
a
1-4
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Figure 1-1. O/E Port 1 Characteristic Relative Frequency Response Error
Figure 1-2. O/E Port 1 Characteristic Peak-to-Peak Repeatability
The above graph shows the worst case deviation across a 20 GHz span between any 2 units in a sample set
of 12.
1-5
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Figure 1-3. O/E Port 2 Characteristic Relative Frequency Response Error
Figure 1-4. O/E Port 2 Characteristic Peak-to-Peak Repeatability
The above graph shows the worst case deviation across a 20 GHz span between any 2 units in a sample set
of 12.
1-6
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
O/E Frequency Response Error for Different Reflection Coefficients
A significant error term in this measurement is the electrical port match of the device under test (DUT).
The following table lists the measurement uncertainty as a function of DUT electrical reflection coefficient.
On PORT 1 measurements, you can perform response and match calibration to achieve values comparable
to measurements of devices with
ρ = < 0.25, as shown in “Relative Frequency Response Performance Data” on
page 1-4.
Optical-to-Electrical Relative Frequency Response Versus ρ
Frequency Range r < 0.5 Specification ρ < 1.0 Specification
0.05 to 11 GHz ± 1.25 ± 2.35
11 to 20.05 GHz ± 1.70 ± 3.5
System Dynamic Range Characteristics and Responsivity Measurement Range
The following table shows the maximum and minimum values of the O/E device under test (DUT)
frequency response.
Optical-to-Electrical Measurement Performance Data
Description Frequency Range Characteristic
System Dynamic Range 0.05 to 0.84 GHz 77 dB
0.84 to 20.05 GHz 100 dB
Responsivity Measurement Range
a
0.05 to 0.84 GHz Maximum Value
+43 dBe (A/W)
Minimum Value
–34 dBe (A/W)
0.84 to 20.05 GHz Maximum Value
+43 dBe (A/W)
Minimum Value
–57 dBe (A/W)
a. Pertains to a 10 Hz IF bandwidth.
1-7
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Electrical-to-Optical Device Measurement Specifications
Relative frequency response can be used to calculate the error in measuring the 3 dB bandwidth of an E/O
device.
Relative Frequency Response Performance Data
Electrical-to-Optical Measurement Performance Data
Description Frequency Range
System Relative Frequency Response Accuracy 0.05 to 0.5 GHz ±1.15 dB
0.05 to 11 GHz ±0.85 dB
11 to 20.05 GHz ±0.90 dB
a. Applies to a device with ρ = <0.25 and measurement settings of IF bandwidth = 30 Hz and smoothing = 0.5%.
Specification
a
Figure 1-5. E/O Characteristic Relative Frequency Response Error
1-8
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Figure 1-6. E/O Characteristic Peak-to-Peak Repeatability
The above graph shows the worst case deviation across a 20 GHz span between any 2 units in a sample set
of 12.
E/O Frequency Response Error for Different Reflection Coefficients
A significant error term in this measurement is the electrical port match of the device under test (DUT).
The following table lists the measurement uncertainty as a function of DUT electrical reflection coefficient.
If you perform a response and match calibration, you can achieve values comparable to measurements of
devices with
Electrical-to-Optical Relative Frequency Response Versus ρ
Frequency Range ρ < 0.5 Specification ρ < 1.0 Specification
0.05 to 0.5 GHz ± 1.75 ± 3.10
0.5 to 11 GHz ± 2.05 ± 3.35
11 to 20.05 GHz ± 2.40 ± 3.40
ρ = < 0.25, as shown in “Relative Frequency Response Performance Data” on page 1-8.
1-9
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Electrical-to-Optical Measurement Dynamic Range Characteristics
Electrical-to-Optical Measurement Dynamic Range
Description Frequency Range Characteristic
System Dynamic Range 0.05 to 20.05 GHz 80 dB
a. Pertains to a 10 Hz IF bandwidth.
a
Electrical-to-Optical Measurement Responsivity Measurement Range
The following table shows the maximum and minimum values of the E/O device under test (DUT)
frequency response, measured with microwave power applied from microwave port 1. The dynamic range
stays constant irrespective of the microwave port power. That is, the maximum and the minimum dB W/A
that can be measured increase with reduced microwave port power.
Electrical-to-Optical Measurement Responsivity Measurement Range
Power at Port 1
(dBm)
5 –30 –110 80
–65 40 –40 80
a. Pertains to a 10 Hz IF bandwidth.
Maximum Value
(dB W/A) Characterisitc
Minimum Value
(dB W/A) Characterisitc
a
Dynamic Range
(dB) Characterisitc
E/O Responsivity (dB W/A)q
40
20
Maximum Valu e
Min imum Valu e
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
Microwav e Port Power (dBm)
1-10
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
General Information
Table 1-1. General Information
8703B General Information
Description Characteristic
System Bandwidths
IF bandwidth settings 6000 Hz
3700 Hz
3000 Hz
1000 Hz
300 Hz
100 Hz
30 Hz
10 Hz
Rear Panel
External Auxiliary Input
Connector Female BNC
Range
External Trigger Triggers on a positive or negative TTL transition or contact closure to ground.
Damage Level <
Limit Test Output Female BNC.
Damage Level <
Test Sequence Output Outputs a TTL signal which can be set to a TTL high pulse (default) or low pulse at
Test Set Interconnect 25-pin-D-sub (DB-25) female; use to connect the lightwave test sets
Measure Restart Floating closure to restart measurement.
External AM Input
Frequency 10.0000 MHz
Frequency Stability (0
Daily aging rate (after 30 days)
Yearly aging rate
Ouput
Output Impedance 50 Ω
°C to 55 °C) ±0.05 ppm
±10 V
−0.2 V; > +5.2 V
−0.2 V; > +5.2 V
end of sweep; or a fixed TTL high or low. If limit test is on, the end of sweep pulse
occurs after the limit test is valid. This is useful when used in conjunction with test
sequencing.
±1 volt into a 5 kΩ resistor, 1 kHz maximum, resulting in approximately 2 dB/volt
amplitude modulation.
−9
< 3 x 10
±0.5 ppm/year
≥0 dBm
/day
1-11
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Table 1-2. General Information
General Information
Description Specification Characteristic
Rear Panel
Test Port Bias Input
Maximum voltage
Maximum current
External Reference In
Input Frequency 1, 2, 5, and 10 MHz
Input Power
Input Impedance 50
VGA Video Output 15-pin mini D-Sub; female. Drives VGA
GPIB Type-57, 24-pin; Microribbon female
Parallel Port 25-pin D-Sub (DB-25); female; may be used
RS232 9-pin D-Sub (DB-9); male
Mini-DIN Keyboard/Barcode Reader 6-pin mini DIN (PS/2); female
Line Power A third-wire ground is required.
Frequency for Microwave Test Set
±40 Vdc
±500 mA
±200 Hz at 10 MHz
−10 dBm to +20 dBm
Ω
compatible monitors.
as printer port or general purpose I.O. port
47 Hz to 63 Hz
Frequency for Lightwave Test Set
Voltage at 115 V setting 90 V to 132 V 115 V
Voltage at 230 V setting 198 V to 265 V 230 V
VA Maximum for Microwave Test Set
VA Maximum for Lightwave Test Set
Front Panel
RF Connector 3.5-mm precision (male)
50 Hz to 60 Hz
450 VA max
70W max
1-12
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Table 1-3. General Information
General Information
Description Specification
Front Panel
Display Pixel Integrity
Red, Green, or Blue Pixels Red, green, or blue “stuck on” pixels may appear against a black background. In a
properly working display, the following will not occur:
• complete rows or columns of stuck pixels
• more than 5 stuck pixels (not to exceed a maximum of 2 red or blue, and 3
green)
• 2 or more consecutive stuck pixels
• stuck pixels less than 6.5 mm apart
Dark Pixels Dark “stuck on” pixels may appear against a white background. In a properly working
display, the following will not occur:
• more than 12 stuck pixels (not to exceed a maximum of 7 red, green, or blue)
• more than one occurrence of 2 consecutive stuck pixels
• stuck pixels less than 6.5 mm apart
1-13
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Characteristics
Table 1-4. General Information
General Information
Description Specification Characteristic
General Environmental
RFI/EMI Susceptibility Defined by CISPR Pub. 11 and FCC Class B
standards.
ESD Minimize using static-safe work procedures and
an antistatic bench mat
(part number 9300-0797).
Dust Minimize for optimum reliability.
Operating Environment
Temperature +20 °C to +30 °C Instrument powers up, phase locks, and displays
no error messages within this temperature
range.
Humidity 5% to 95% at +30
°C (non-condensing)
Altitude 0 to 4.5 km (15,000 ft)
Storage Conditions
Temperature
Humidity 5% to 95% RH at +40
−40 ×°C to +55 °C
°C
(non-condensing)
Altitude 0 to 15.24 km (50,000 ft)
Cabinet Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth (323 x 430x 476 mm)
(12.71 x 16.93 x 18.74 inches)
Cabinet dimensions exclude front and rear
protrusions.
Weight
Shipping 151 lb
Net 76 lb
Internal Memory - Data Retention Time with 3 V, 1.2 Ah Battery
a
70 °C 250 days (0.68 year)
°C 1244 days (3.4 years)
40
25
°C 10 years
a. Analyzer power is switched off.
1-14
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Laser Safety Considerations
Laser Safety Considerations
Laser radiation in the ultraviolet and far infrared parts of the spectrum can cause damage primarily to the
cornea and lens of the eye. Laser radiation in the visible and near infrared regions of the spectrum can
cause damage to the retina of the eye.
The CW laser sources use a laser from which the greatest dangers to exposure are:
1. To the eyes, where aqueous flare, cataract formation, and/or corneal burn are possible.
2. To the skin, where burning is possible.
WARNING Do NOT, under any circumstances, look into the optical output or any fiber/device attached to the
output while the laser is in operation.
WARNING Do not enable the laser unless fiber or an equivalent device is attached to the optical output
connector.
This system should be serviced only by authorized personnel.
CAUTION Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein can result in
hazardous radiation exposure.
Laser Classifications
United States-FDA Laser Class IIIb. The system is rated USFDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) Laser Class IIIb according to Part 1040, Performance Standards for Light Emitting Products, from the
Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
International-IEC Laser Class 3B. The system is rated IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
Laser Class 3B laser products according to Publication 825.
International-IEC 825-1: 1993-11. The system helps satisfy the International (IEC825) safety requirements
with the use of a REMOTE SHUTDOWN and a KEY SWITCH.
1-15
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Laser Safety Considerations
Laser Warning Labels
The 8703B is shipped with the following warning labels. For systems used outside of the USA, both laser
aperture and laser warning labels will be included with the shipment (The labels are located in the same
box as this manual). Place these labels directly over the USA laser warning and aperture labels.
Figure 1-7. Laser safety label locations
CAUTION Exposure to temperatures above 55°C may cause the front panel fiber to retract. In this case a matching
compound can be used to temporarily improve return loss. However, the system should be returned to Agilent
Technologies for repair.
CAUTION This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and
664 respectively.
1-16
Declaration of Conformity
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Declaration of Conformity
1-17
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
• This product is classified as Class I according to 21 CFR 1040.10 and Class I according to IEC 60825-1.
• This product complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 21 CFR 1040.11.
• This is to declare that this system is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration
for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung -3.GSGV Deutschland).
Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration
Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission
LpA < 70 dB LpA < 70 dB
Operator position am Arbeitsplatz
Normal position normaler Betrieb
per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t.19
COMPLIANCE WITH CANADIAN EMC REQUIREMENTS
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB du Canada.
1-18
2
Front Panel Features 2-2
Analyzer Display 2-4
Rear Panel Features and Connectors 2-8
Front/Rear Panel
Front/Rear Panel
Front Panel Features
Front Panel Features
CAUTION Do not mistake the line switch for the disk eject button. See the following illustrations. If
the line switch is mistakenly pushed, the instrument will be turned off, losing all settings
and data that have not been saved.
Figure 2-1. 8703B Front Panel
The location of the following front panel features and key function blocks is shown in Figure 2-1 and
Figure 2-2. These features are described in more detail later in this chapter, and in Chapter 4, “Hardkey
and Softkey Reference”
1. 1. LINE switch. The front panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply after
the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument. 1 is on, 0 is off.
2. Display. This shows the measurement data traces, measurement annotation, and softkey labels. The
display is divided into specific information areas, illustrated in Figure 2-2 on page 2-4.
3. Disk drive. This 3.5 inch floppy-disk drive allows you to store and recall instrument states and
measurement results for later analysis.
4. Disk eject button.
5. Softkeys. These keys provide access to menus that are shown on the display.
6. STIMULUS function block. The keys in this block allow you to control the analyzer source's frequency,
power, and other stimulus functions.
7. RESPONSE function block. The keys in this block allow you to control the measurement and display
2-2
Front/Rear Panel
Front Panel Features
functions of the active display channel.
8. ACTIVE CHANNEL keys. The analyzer has two independent primary channels and two auxiliary
channels. These keys allow you to select the active channel. Any function you enter applies to the
selected channel.
9. The ENTRY block. This block includes the knob, the step up and down keys, the number pad, and the
backspace key. These allow you to enter numerical data and control the markers.
You can use the numeric keypad to select digits, decimal points, and a minus sign for numerical entries. You
must also select a units terminator to complete value inputs.
The backspace key has two independent functions: it modifies entries, and it turns off the softkey menu so
that marker information can be moved off of the grids and into the softkey menu area. For more details,
refer to the “Making Measurements” chapter in the user’s guide.
10. INSTRUMENT STATE function block. These keys allow you to control channel-independent system
functions such as the following:
• copying, save/recall, and GPIB controller mode
• limit testing
• tuned receiver mode
• test sequence function
• GPIB STATUS indicators are also included in this block.
11. Preset key. This key returns the instrument to either a known factory preset state, or a user preset
state that can be defined. Refer to Chapter 8, “Preset State and Memory Allocation” for a complete
listing of the instrument preset condition.
12. PORT 1 and PORT 2. These ports output an RF signal from the source and receive electrical signals
from a device under test. The ports provide the stimulus for E/O devices and the receiver O/E devices.
PORT 1 allows you to measure S
and S11. PORT 2 allows you to measure S21 and S22.
12
13. OPTICAL OUTPUT and OPTICAL RECEIVER ports. The OPTICAL OUTPUT port emits a lightwave
signal from the internal laser and allows you to measure devices that require an optical stimulus. The
OPTICAL RECEIVER port receives lightwave input signals from an optical device under test and allows
you to measure the device response.
14. LASER OUTPUT and LASER INPUT ports. The LASER OUTPUT port emits a lightwave signal from the
internal laser and allows you to modulate a device under test. the LASER INPUT port allows you to use
an external laser for 8703B measurements.
15. LASER ON/OFF. The LASER ON switch position allows analyzer internal laser to output a lightwave
signal from the OPTICAL OUTPUT port. The LASER OFF switch position shuts down the analyzer
internal laser.
2-3
Front/Rear Panel
Analyzer Display
Analyzer Display
Figure 2-2. Analyzer Display (Single Channel, Cartesian Format)
The analyzer display shows various measurement information:
• The grid where the analyzer plots the measurement data.
• The currently selected measurement parameters.
• The measurement data traces.
Figure 2-2 illustrates the locations of the different information labels described below. In addition to the
full-screen display shown in the illustration above, multi-graticule and multi-channel displays are available,
as described in the “Making Measurements” chapter of the user’s guide. Several display formats are
available for different measurements, as described under Format, in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey
Reference”
1. Stimulus Start Value. This value could be any one of the following:
• The start frequency of the source in frequency domain measurements.
• The start time in CW mode (0 seconds) measurements.
• The lower power value in power sweep.
When the stimulus is in center/span mode, the center stimulus value is shown in this space. The color of
the stimulus display reflects the current active channel.
2-4
Front/Rear Panel
Analyzer Display
2. Stimulus Stop Value. This value could be any one of the following:
• The stop frequency of the source in frequency domain measurements.
• The upper limit of a power sweep.
When the stimulus is in center/span mode, the span is shown in this space. The stimulus values can be
blanked, as described under the FREQUENCY BLANK, softkey in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey
Reference”. (For CW time and power sweep measurements, the CW frequency is displayed centered
between the start and stop times or power values.)
3. Status Notations. This area shows the current status of various functions for the active channel.
The following notations are used:
A
∆ Previous autobias value is used and autobias is switched on.
Aut Correct autobias value is used and autobias is switched on.
Avg Sweep-to-sweep averaging is on. The averaging count is shown
immediately below. (See the Avg, key in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and
Softkey Reference”)
A/W Units of calibrated O/E measurements.
Cor Error correction is on. (For error-correction procedures, refer to the
“Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy” chapter in the
user’s guide. For error correction theory, refer to Chapter 5,
“Operating Concepts”.
∆ Stimulus parameters have changed from the error-corrected state, or
C
interpolated error correction is on. (For error-correction procedures,
refer to the “Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy”
chapter in the user’s guide. For error correction theory, refer to
Chapter 5, “Operating Concepts”.
C2 Full two-port error-correction is on and the reverse sweep is not
updated each sweep.
Any one of the following causes the reverse sweep not to be updated
each sweep:
• the instrument uses a mechanical switch.
• different channel power ranges (PORT POWER UNCOUPLED)
which puts the test set switch in HOLD mode.
• the user manually puts the test set switch in HOLD mode
(TESTSET SW 0 or >1).
dBe Dedicated measurement E/O, O/E, or E/E.
dBo Optical measurement only (O/O).
Del Electrical delay has been added or subtracted, or port extensions are
active. (See “Operating Concepts” on page 5-1 and the Scale Ref,
key in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey Reference”)
ext Waiting for an external trigger.
Hld Hold sweep. (See HOLD, in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey
Reference”)
man Waiting for manual trigger.
2-5
Front/Rear Panel
Analyzer Display
PC Power meter calibration is on. (For power meter calibration
procedures, refer to the “Calibrating for Increased Measurement
Accuracy” chapter of the user’s guide.)
PC? The analyzer's source could not be set to the desired level, following
a power meter calibration. (For power meter calibration procedures,
refer to the “Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy”
chapter in the user’s guide.)
P? Source power is unleveled at start or stop of sweep.
↓ Source power has been automatically set to minimum, due to
P
receiver overload. (See POWER, in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey
Reference”)
PRm Power range is in manual mode.
Smo Trace smoothing is on. (See AVG and SMOOTHING in Chapter 4,
“Hardkey and Softkey Reference”)
tsH Indicates that the test set hold mode is engaged. That is, a mode of
operation is selected which would cause repeated switching of the
step attenuator, or a mechanical switch. This hold mode may be
overridden. See MEASURE RESTART, or NUMBER OF GROUPS,
in Chapter 4, “Hardkey and Softkey Reference”
W/A Units of calibrated E/O measurements.
↑ Fast sweep indicator. This symbol is displayed in the status notation
block when sweep time is
second, this symbol moves along the displayed trace.
* Source parameters changed: measured data in doubt until a
complete fresh sweep has been taken.
4. Active Entry Area. This displays the active function and its current value.
5. Message Area. This displays prompts or error messages.
6. Title. This is a descriptive alphanumeric string title that you define and enter through an attached
keyboard or as described in the user’s guide.
7. Active Channel. This is the label for the number for the active channel, selected with the Chan 1, Chan
2, Chan 3, and Chan 4, keys.
If multiple channels are overlaid, the labels will appear in this area. The active channel is denoted by a
rectangle around the channel number.
For multiple-graticule displays, the channel information labels will be in the same relative position for each
graticule.
NOTE The label of the active channel is enclosed in a rectangle to differentiate it from inactive
channels.
8. Measured Input(s). This shows the parameter, input, or ratio of inputs currently measured, as selected
using the Meas key. Also indicated in this area is the current display memory status.
9. Format. This is the display format that you selected using the Format key.
≤1.0 second. When sweep time is ≥ 1.0
10. Scale/Div. This is the scale that you selected using the Scale Ref key, in units appropriate to the
current measurement.
11. Reference Level. This value is the reference line in Cartesian formats or the outer circle in polar
2-6
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