Introduction to New Features
HP 8510C Network Analyzer
Revision 7.XX (7.00 and greater)
ABCDE
11575{90024
No.
art
P
HP
Printed
USA
in
Edition
March
1
1995
Certification
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time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certies that its calibration
measurements aretraceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST, formerly NBS), to the extent al lowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the
calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
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be defective.
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ty
erformed
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c
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t
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Systems
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WARNING
Before you turn on this instrument, make sure it has been properly grounded
through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet
provided with protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or outside
the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal can result in
personal injury.
Typeface
wing
follo
The
Conv
con
entions
tions
en
v
are
used
in
the
HP
Italics
for titles
en
try
and
alue.
v
Italic
used
is
e
yp
t
designate a
to
used
emphasis,
for
variable
Computer
y
Computer
typ
information
for
used
is
e
displa
programming command or series of commands.
8510
man
of
ed
on
series
uals
the
documen
other
and
instrumen
tation:
publications.
designate
to
and
t
It
also
is
a
4
Hardkeys
5
Instrumentkeys are represented in \key cap." You are instructed to
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
WW
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
WW
W
W
W
W
Softkeys
and their functions depend on the curren
Softkeys are located along side of the displa
display. These k
eys are represen
ted in \softk
y,
ey." Y
ou are instructed to
press
select
a hardkey.
a softkey
t
.
iii
General Information
Introduction to this Document
This
Introduction to New Features of the HP 8510C
is designed to provide you with a quick
introduction to the new features and operating details of rmware revision 7.0 or greater of
the HP 8510C Network Analyzer.
1
Note
Aworking knowledge of the HP 8510, and basic familiarity with front-panel
operation is assumed, and only new features are explained. Demonstration
sequences assume that your are using an HP 8510C (color display), executing
rmware revision C.07.00, or higher.
more comprehensiv
For
companion
A
Programming
menu
eys,
hardk
to
w
ho
out
ab
er
w
o
P
Turn
w
no
There
switc
LINE
preset to
Instrumen
are
the
h
switc
LINE
on the
h
instrumen
State
t
olume,
v
Man
softkeys,
the
use
On
o
w
t
ro
8
ual
function
line
er
k
c
top b
on
ts
recalled.
is
the
b
information,
e
8510
HP
viding
pro
y
programming
and
in
switc
er
w
o
p
on the
h
switc
ON.
to
x
o
HO
the
see
Keywor
a
d
complete
programmed
First
hes.
bottom
self{test
The
System
8510
Dictionary
alphabetical
mnemonics.
eration.
op
on
turn
ON,
to
x
o
b
will
the
Bus,
expands
list of
h
Eac
all other
then
execute,
HP
the
up
HP
try
en
system
press
the
8510
the
on
8510
also
instrumen
the
8510C
HP
ternal
in
erating
Op
fron
includes
hing
latc
issues
user{dened
amming
gr
o
Pr
and
ating
er
Op
8510
HP
the
Introduction to Limit Lines and Limit Points Measurements
Manual
and
t{panel
information
then
ts,
button
push
device
a
.
is
displa
w
dened.
On
while
the
the
the
limits
8510C net
HP
trace
that are
In addition to the limits
numeric
the curren
limits, or
PASS/FAIL
t trace meets
FAIL
appears if the trace exceeds the dened limits.
comparison with the dened limits. The comparison will indicate whether
can
ou
ork
ed.
y
analyzer,
These
y
limits allo
display on the screen, y
the user-dened limits.
that
dene
w
limits
visually
to
ou
y
ou can select to ha
PASS
appears if the trace meets the dened
screen,
the
on
the
ed
trace
alues
v
display
are
compare
ve the HP 8510C p erform a
General
Information
with
1-1
Types of Limits
There are two limit types:
Limit Lines
Limit Points
Limit Testing
For the purpose of limit
either
testing
limits,
\upp
turned
is
are tested.
the measuremen
on,
Either a
(maxim
er"
test.
in
eep
k
lines,
limit
or
F
or
the
F
end
against
happ
this
the
limits.
ens,
This type of limit consists of twoendpoints with a line drawn
between the end points. The end points of the line are dened by
a stimulus value, usually a frequency, and a limit value. The limit
line drawn between the twoendpoints may b e either at or sloping,
depending upon the end point settings. Make certain that you enter
an end-p ointvalue that is greater than the b egin-pointvalue.
This type of limit consists of a single p oint, having a single stimulus
value and limit value. a limit pointis drawn on the displayas
symbol. The sharp pointinthev;indicates the position of the limit
point.
PASS/FAIL
limits,
um)
PASS
that
mind
example,
tof
oin
p
testing, limit lines and points may be dened as being
PASS/FAIL
limit
within
fall
the
to
asure
me
ly
measuremen
o
results
d
the
or
only
a
\lo
or
tp
FAIL
limit
limit
er"
w
oints
message
data
line
line
(minim
that are
ts
oin
p
could
not
is
um)
displa
is
that
end
tested.
limits.
on-screen,
relating
ed
y
actual
are
een t
w
et
b
When
and
w
are
an
tested
p
t
dened
y
of
oin
ts.
v;
the
If
Note
limit
or
F
nearest
oin
p
actual
limit
or
F
oin
p
end
limit
the
if
ts,
measuremen
lines,
ts
are
t
only
tested.
oin
p
oin
p
measuremen
the
fall
not
es
do
t
the
for
used
is
t
t
exactly
limit
a measuremen
on
PASS/FAIL
test. In
then the
oint,
tp
addition, an
the limit
een
w
et
b
fall
that
ts
oin
p
line
y limit
point that is not in the measurement range (o the edge of the display), of course, is not
tested.
When no limits are dened, turning limit testing ON displays a
PASS
message. Any limits
that are dened, but are not in the current measurement range (they are o the edge of the
tested.
not
also
are
y)
displa
ed.
y
displa
eing
without limits
desired,
If
Limit T
limit
ables
PASS/FAIL
ma
turned
e
b
y
on
Each limit table can consist of from 0 to 12 limits,
in anycom
b
bination of limit lines and limit
points.
An instrument state in the HP 8510C can contain eight limit tables. There are four tables
for eachchannel. One table for each of the four \primary" parameters (one eachfor
,
S21
limit
displa
,
S12
tables,
mo
y
and
separate
de.
S22
,
but
the
tables
same
of
limit
limits
table
ma
y
is
e
b
used
dened
for
for
S11
each
User
and
parameter
.) By
1
ha
while
S11
m
ving
4-parameter
in
,
ultiple
1-2
General
Information
After a limit table has been created for one parameter on one channel, that table maybe
copied to any other parameter on either of the channels, using the
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
COPY LIMITS
function.
Figure
est
Creating
follo
the
Use
Note
a
wing
Limit
T
example
This
pro
cedure
screen.
To Set Up the Measurement
Connect
1.
Press
2.
the
4
PRESET
4
,
5
FREQ
5
,
then
lter b
RF
tested.
For this example, enter 175 MHz for the
3. Press
4
SPAN
5
and en
ter a frequency span that simplies viewing the passband of the RF
lter.
Use a 200 MHz span, as an example.
4.
Press
4
SCALE
5
then
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
AUTOSCALE
to
et
1-1.
set
een
w
4
Example
an
up
assumes
net
the
CENTER
view
to
a Limit
of
example limit
analyzer
the
ter
resp
.
5
device
a
ork
w
En
center fr
tire
en
the
using
est
T
test for
displa
is
onse
OUT
RF
frequency
ter
cen
equency.
measuremen
Limit
an
t trace.
RF
y
and
Lines
lter.
on
ed
RF IN
the
of
net
the
orts.
p
RF lter
w
ork
b
analyzer
eing
General
Information
1-3
To Set the Limit Test Values
Limits create boundaries between which an active trace must remain for the measurementto
pass. To develop the limits, you select an appropriate softkey and adjust its position (value)
with the RPG, the step keys, or byentering the numeric value via the key pad.
5.
Press
4
DISPLAY
5
then
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
LIMITS
. The network analyzer display splits into two sections. One
section displays the limit table and the other shows the selected limits on the display.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ADD LIMIT
to display the Add Limit Menu.
6.
To Define the Maximum Limit
In the following example, the resp onse of the lter is measured against three maximum limit
lines. The values are determined from the displayed trace, then limit parameters are entered
for a limit test. The values used for determining the limits are as follows:
Location Frequency of Interest
There
1.
2.
are
a
Use
Press
Use
ter v
en
use
Or,
visually
a.
Press
b.
Press
determine
to
er
mark
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
MARKER
the
alues
the
adjust
RPG
softk
.
knob
directly
eys
the
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ADD MAX LINE
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
BEGIN STIMULUS
to
ys
a
w
o
tw
the rst, maximum limit line.
Note
Correct
The low side of the cut-o
125 MHz to 150 MHz
frequency portion
to
MHz
of
the
155
200
trace
the
MHz
y
trace,
to
ou
or
bandpass
The
high-side
The
frequency
to
the
mo
dene
ortion
p
test
frequencies
the
the
e
v
ortion
p
the
of
limits:
mark
cut-o
along
er
.
and
limits
RPG,
the
real-time,
in
step
ab
k
out
eys,
or
the
umeric
n
displa
keys
measurement
yed
to set a limit above the device's response trace.
, then enter 125 MHz. This is the beginning frequency value of
hnique:
tec
wing
follo
the
using
y
mistak
a
eb
195
225
plan
use
MHz
MHz
to
the
in an
limit
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
MARKER
=
ycom
test:
N
ey
k
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
bination to
trace.
to
c. Press
1-4
line.
lev
unit
General
our incorrect v
If y
er the error, then en
ov
ou ha
If y
and en
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
END STIMULUS
is
line
limit
A
el.
Information
alue is en
ter the correct v
ve pressed
4
MHz
ter the corrected v
tered and y
ou ha
alue.
5
for the incorrect v
alue.
not pressed
ve
alue, press
4
MHz
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
5
,bac
kspace
BEGIN STIMULUS
.Enter 150 MHz, the ending frequency of the rst maximum limit
zero
a
dra
wn
frequency
o
tw
the
een
w
et
b
v
tered,
en
ou
y
alues
at
N
(0.0)
d. Press
BEGIN LIMIT
and watch the limit segment and measurement trace as you rotate
the RPG knob to adjust the b eginning of the limit segment.
e. Place the beginning of the limit line at025 dB, which is the device's maximum
allowable output p ower level, for the b eginning frequency.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Note
Notice that the p ower level and frequency value appear in the limit-test table.
You can iterate b etween setting the b eginning and ending of the limit line
position.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
f. Press
END LIMIT
, and watch the traces on the displayasyou rotate the RPG to adjust
the end of the limit segment.
g. Place the end of the limit line at 0.0 dB, which is the device's maximum allo wable
output p ower level, for the ending frequency.
3.
Press
4
PRIOR MENU
5
, then
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ADD MAX LINE
. Repeat the ab ove steps for the frequencies of the
second and third maximum limit lines. For this example:
MHz
225
or
from
t
after
to
eypad
k
um
to
maxim
the
tering
en
and
requency
F
dene
maxim
minim
of
minim
um
um
In
limit
um
limit
terest
limits.
um
frequencies.
limits.
are
lines
1)
Define
o
T
desired,
If
ma
limits
acceptable
example,
this
or
F
dieren
t.
MHz
155
Minimum
use the
at
e
b
y
en
to
Refer
195 MHz,
to
Limit
RPG, step
frequencies
minim
ter
frequencies
the
table
the
to
Lines
um
b
eys,
k
that
limits
elo
and
are
used
w:
Lo
2)
n
or
dieren
efore
b
cation
200 MHz
umeric
maxim
for
Minim
It
sligh
um
is
tly
1. Press
resp
2.
Press
limit line.
Note
4
PRIOR MENU
onse.
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
BEGIN
the
ortion
p
of
p
ortion
wside
The lo
frequency
bandpass
The
The high-side of the cut-o
frequency portion
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
5
, then
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
STIMULUS
Correct a mistak
our incorrect v
If y
ADD MIN LINE
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
and
125
ter
en
y using the follo
eb
alue is en
over the error, then en
If you have pressed
4
and enter the corrected value.
cut-o
125 MHz
MHz
155
to 150
to
195
MHz
MHz
200 MHz to 225 MHz
to set up the limit line for the device's lower level
rst
eginning
b
MHz,
ter the correct v
MHz
the
wing tec
tered and y
hnique:
ou ha
alue.
5
for the incorrect value, press
frequency of
ve not pressed
the
4
MHz
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
BEGIN STIMULUS
minim
back space
5
,
um
General
Information
1-5
3. Press
END STIMULUS
.Enter 150 MHz, the ending frequency of the rst minimum limit
line. A limit line is drawn between the two frequency values you entered, at a zero (0.0)
unit level.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
4. Press
BEGIN LIMIT
and watch the limit segment and measurement trace as you rotate the
RPG knob to adjust the limit segment.
5. Place the beginning of the limit line at050 dB, which is the device's minimum allowable
output p ower level for the beginning frequency.
Note
Notice that the power level and frequency value appear in the limit-test table.
You can iterate between setting the b eginning and ending of the limit line
position.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
6. Press
END LIMIT
and rotate the RPG to position the end of the limit line at010 dB, the
device's minimum allowable output power level for the ending frequency.
7.
Press
4
PRIOR MENU
5
, then
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ADD MIN LINE
and repeat the steps above for the second and
third minimum limit lines. For this example,1)155 MHz to 195 MHz, and2)200 MHz to
MHz.
225
Figure
1-2.
Example Using
est
T
Limit
Editing the Limits in the Limits T
You ma
y edit an
familiar with the information belo
1.
Press
4
DISPLAY
y individual frequency
about modifying a limit v
w
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
5
, then
LIMITS
. The displa
able
, limit, or limit line after y
y sho
Limit
created it. Become
ve
ou ha
alue:
ws the test device response with limit lines
oints
P
Limit
and
Lines
and the tabular listing of the limits set. The highlighted b ox surrounding one segment
indicates the currently selected limit for editing.
ortion
p
the
to
x
bo
Press
2.
parameter
General
1-6
the
arro
eys
k
w
edit.
to
Information
or
use
the
RPG
to
mo
highligh
the
e
v
ted
of
the
test
3.
4. Enter new limit values.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Press
want to edit (b egin frequency, end frequency, begin limit, or end limit, as an example.
EDIT LIMITS
, then press the keys that correspond to the portions of the limit you
5. Press
6.
4
PRIOR MENU
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Press
displayed on the screen as
LIMIT TEST ON
5
to return to the limits menu.
to activate the limit test with the new limits. Test results are
PASSorFAIL
.
General
Information
1-7
2
Changing the Calibration Type
Introduction
You can create new calibration sets from an active two-port calibration set. The two-port set
can b e a full two-port, a one-path two-port or a TRL two-port calibration set.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
2-PORT to: S111-PORT
creates an S111-port calibration from the currently active 2-port
calibration set.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
2-PORT to: S221-PORT
creates an S221-port calibration from the currently active 2-port
calibration set. Use the following key sequenceto create the new calibration set.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
dieren
its
5
CAL
N
N
N
N
NN
N
MODIFY
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
CAL
from
t
original
MORE
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
CHANGE
N
N
N
NN
2-PORT
N
N
N
N
N
CHANGE &
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
SET
con
NN
NN
CAL
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
n
the
ten
NN
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
SET
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
CAL
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
N
N
(and
existing
are
ts
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
to:
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
N
TYPE
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
SAVE
select
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
S
1-PORT
11
N
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
a
set.
cal
erwritten.)
v
o
NN
NN
N
N
new
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
set,
cal
used,
is
set
cal
same
the
If
Changing
Calibration
the
Type
2-1
Modifying a Cal Set with Connector Compensation
Connector comp ensation is a feature that provides for compensation of the discontinuity
found at the interface b etween the test p ort and a connector. The connector here, although
mechanically compatible, is not the same as the connector used for the calibration. There are
several connector families that have the same characteristic imp edance, but use a dierent
geometry. Examples of such pairs include:
3.5 mm / 2.92 mm
3.5 mm / SMA
SMA / 2.92 mm
2.4 mm / 1.85 mm
The interface discontinuity is modeled as a lumped, shunt-susceptance at the test p ort
reference plane. The susceptance is generated from a capacitance model of the form:
C=C0+C12
where
t
of
c
to
is the
F
ypically
hange
Calibration
are additions
Kits
used
the
Kit"
F+C22
frequency.
connector-pair
pro
to
ts
cedure
the
ecien
co
F2+C32
The co
com
the
for
the
on
Standard
pairs
3
F
are
ecien
ts
binations.
already
previous pages.
APTER,
AD
Class
vided
pro
add
o
T
dened
Note that
in
mo
in
and
the
dels
aCal
the
are
default
for
Cal
other
Kit, use
denitions
Standards
for
Kits
connector
\Mo
the
the
in
e
yp
t
of
um
n
a
es,
yp
t
difying
default
\OPEN."
er
b
or
a
Cal
2-2
Changing
Calibration
the
Type
Figure 2-1. Connector Compensation Menu Keys
Changing
Calibration
the
Type
2-3
Using Connector Compensation
1.
2.
Press
4
5
CAL
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Press
MODIFY CAL SET
, then press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
MORE
.
, then press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
CONNECTOR COMPENSATE
.
Note
Connector compensation requires that the active Cal Set be a 1-Port or 2-Port
calibration. If a Cal Set of any other type is selected, the message
CALSET WRONG TYPE
3. Choose the connector pair at either
appears.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
PORT 1 connectors
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
or
PORT 2 connectors
connector comp ensation.
4. From the standards menu, choose the correct pair of connectors.
Note
If the connector pairs listed do not include the connector pairs you you
are using, return to the prior menutochoose the alternate Cal Kit before
repeating the procedure.
5. T
6.
apply
o
Press
the
If
Kit
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
MODIFY
previous
After
selected
connector
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
COMPENSATE
connector
then y
2,
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
selecting
comp
N
N
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
&
N
NN
N
N
N
functions
2
section,
ort
P
ensation
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
SAVE
pairs
ou need
\Mo
connector
a
selection
N
N
N
compute
to
are
ou
y
dify the
to mo
ter
en
to
difying
pair,
underlined.
other
the
to
the
are not
using
calibration
appropriate
an
Calibration
a
previous
the
ort,
p
died
mo
rep
Cal
listed in
kit.
set
Kit."
men
Step
eat
Set.
of
either Cal
the
Use
coecien
re-app
u
for
3
N
N
N
N
N
MODIFY
ts. Refer
ears
other
the
Kit 1
N
N
N
N
N
N
with
ACTIVE
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
p
to apply
or
N
N
N
NN
NN
or
1
to
the
ort.
Cal
the
ts,
terms.
other
all
prop
erties
of
the
Cal
Set
Select a
7.
Other
Set
Cal
than the
store
to
changes
the
to the
mo
died
error
calibration
ecien
co
unchanged.
Note that you do not need to overwrite the original (uncompensated) Cal Set. You may
also compare the
compensated
Cal Set with the
uncompensated
Cal Set and view the eect
of comp ensation.
2-4
Changing
Calibration
the
Type
remain
3
Power Domain Measurements
Introduction
This chapter explains the function and use of power domain in the HP 8510C network
analyzer, with rmware revision 7.0, or higher. The following sections explain the concept of
power domain, how to set up the HP 8510C to use p ower domain, the calibration implications,
and limitations, as well as detailed measurement examples.
This chapter also includes a description of Receiver Cal function, which is required to allow
calibrated measurements in power domain mode.
Domain?
er
w
o
P
What
is
domain
er
w
o
P
constan
a
ver
o
t
a frequency
compression
ed
stepp
or
STIMULUS
horizon
b
Without
NN
(
con
tal
eside the
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
FLATNESS
trolling
a
NN
N
N
ws
allo
frequency
range
ampliers. In
of
net
the
y
b
k
c
blo
a
of
axis
of
range
calibrated
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
CAL
the
),
the HP
measuremen
con
In
.
in
of
analyzer
ork
w
4
(
eys
k
ST
ART
rectangular
er.
w
o
p
receiv
p
test
8360 syn
device
a
of
ts
a frequency
trast,
ypical
t
po
er
w
A
domain,
terest.
system
5
N
N
er (
RECEIVER
ort
4
,
STOP
displa
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
absolute
4
,
5
.A
y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
p
thesized source.
domain mo
application
the
(normally
CENTER
frequency
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
)
CAL
cannot b
wer
o
indep
test, o
enden
under
frequency)
4
and
,
5
and
SP
oin
p
source atness
ver
measuremen
de
o
p
for
v
t
)
5
AN
ust
m
t
wn.
kno
e
ap
domain
er
w
ariable
is
refer
e
b
calibration
The
range
er
ow
measures
t
is
(STIMULUS)
hanged
c
to
to
er
w
o
p
selected,
er
w
o
p
terest,
in
of
p
measuring
sw
er.
w
o
p
aect
and
displa
is
and
aried
v
is
w
o
The
b
er
the
ept
the
y
at
ed
y
Figure
3-1.
Domain
Menu
With
Domain
er
w
o
P
Function Keys
Domain
er
w
o
P
Measurements
3-1
Power Domain Measurements
What is Receiver Cal?
The HP 8510C network analyzer receiver calibration (
display of unratioed receiver inputs, calibrated in absolute power (usually dBm). The feature
is normally used in association with power domain since the power levels displayed are
otherwise those determined by the source and do not account for losses in the path between
the source and the test ports. Receiver calibration is performed after calibrating the HP 8360
Series source with a power meter and ensuring that it remains leveled across the frequency
range of op eration. A receiver calibration is stored as a Cal Set and corrects Port 1 (a1)
output p ower and Port 2 (b2) input power, only.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
RECEIVER CAL
) feature provides a
Note
There are a number of assumptions associated with receiver calibration.
Specically, the feature relies on the linearity of the detectors and does not
makeany correction for mismatches at the test ports.
3-2
Calibration
Receiv
Figure
Domain
er
w
o
P
Measurements
3-2.
er
Menu
Power Domain Measurements
Making a Power Domain Measurement
The HP 8510C must already b e calibrated in the frequency range of choice, or the user should
perform the calibration at the beginning of this power domain procedure.
It is recommended that you choose a frequency range that gives frequency steps of a
convenient size. Doing so allows the measurement frequencies to be easily recalled later. For
example, setting
to 101, gives measurement frequencies in even 50 MHz increments.
1. In frequency domain, set the HP 8510C to the frequency range of interest. Press the
appropriate STIMULUS blo ckkeys to enter the values. (
and
4
SPAN
2.
Press the STIMULUS block
4
5
START
5
.)
to 50 MHz, and
4
MENU
4
5
to 5050 MHz, with the number of points set
STOP
5
key, then press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
STEP
4
5
and
4
5
START
to underline step mode.
STOP
,or
4
CENTER
5
,
Note
3. Either
Activate
4.
eep.
sw
Note
Press
5.
els
lev
Note
With
6.
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
FREQ.
a.
Toc
keys.
b. Select a v
trace c
Step mode is required while using the power domain function. If you
calibrate or use a previously stored Cal Set, the power domain frequency of
measurementmust be a point in the original (frequency domain) calibration.
oin
p
this
er
mark
the
the
used,
ON, the
are
ers
measuremen
the
press
values
el
lev
er
w
o
p
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
NN
POWER
ma
ou
y
.
ey
k
frequency p oin
NN
NN
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
SOURCE
hange frequency
c
y
to
o
p
t.
appropriate
N
N
N
NN
er
m
N
N
,
POWER
dBm
lev
N
N
N
N
N
NN
system at
and
er
ultiple
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
default
.
el
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
set
is
of
N
N
N
N
,
The
set,
N
N
N
N
N
not
mark
then
NN
N
N
calibrate the
a mark
mark
the
If
If
frequency
4
DOMAIN
of
the
N
N
N
N
N
of
hoose a calibrated
5
terest.
in
The
0
eect in power domain mode. Pressing the key and entering a value displays
an error message. When you enter frequency domain mo de again, source 1
power is reset to its original value.
er
w
po
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
MEASUREMENT
alid (calibrated) frequency v
hanges as the calibration is rst turned
previously
a
recall
or
t,
frequency
the
domain
er
w
activ
are ST
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
softk
1
t, use the
alue. Notice that as y
at
tered
en
is
er
mark
e
STIMULUS
equals
ART
the
in
ey
setting
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNN
NEXT PT HIGHER
OFF
,thenbac
stored
ou
y
h
whic
2 GHz.
at
for
used
is
c
blo
dBm,
10
0
STIMULUS
the
using
NNNNNNNNNNNN
hange frequencies, the
ou c
k
ON
Set
Cal
mak
to
wish
w
o
p
the
eys to
kk
STOP
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
NN
POWER
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNN
or
NEXT PT LOWER
again.
to
er
set
N
N
N
N
N
N
MENU
use.
a
e
domain
the
equals
N
NN
NN
NN
NN
N
o
p
o
p
has
NNNNNNNNN
wer
w
er
no
Domain
er
w
o
P
Measurements
3-3
Power Domain Measurements
Note
When in power domain mo de, you may use only one Cal Set for 4-parameter
display.Ifpower domain is selected with more than one Cal Set applied, then
the active parameter calibration is converted to power domain and applied to
the measurements. All others are reset. Dual channel displaymaybeusedto
view power domain data and frequency domain data simultaneously,however,
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
UNCOUPLED CHANNELS
must rst be selected.
Performing a Receiver Calibration
1. Set the HP 8510C system to Frequency Domain and set the frequency range of interest.
2.
Select the desired number of points to measure. If you plan to use power domain,
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
STEP
sweep mo de must be selected.
3. Set the source power level.
4
k
c
blo
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
POWER
alue
v
calibration
atness
MENU
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
NN
NN
NN
N
N
N
SOURCE 1
appropriate
calibration
5
N
N
N
N
N
since
.
ey
k
N
NN
NN
NN
.
for
the
cycling
Step 4.
at
device
the
under
test.
system p
to
skip
er,
w
o
y
If
Step
a.
b.
c.
ou
Press
Press
Adjust
5,
the
N
N
N
N
N
POWER
the
carried
e
v
ha
otherwise,
N
N
N
N
HP
NN
NN
NN
N
N
N
source
con
8510C
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
MENU
out
tin
STIMULUS
N
N
N
N
then press
,
wer
o
p
er
w
o
p
a
with
ue
to a
atness
the
Completed
The
Flatness
Calibration
Flatness calibration
obtained
Connect
4.
Press
a.
during
the
o
p
the
STIMULUS
the
m
atness
er
w
b
ust
sensor
Must
completed
e
calibration
from
blo
be
eginning
b
efore
b
during
used
is
er meter
w
o
p
ed
zero
a
4
k
c
MENU
then
,
ey
k
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
POWER MENU
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
POWER FLATNESS
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
CALIBRATE FLATNESS
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
START
CAL
completion message
the
til
The source m
ust remain lev
Calibration fails and displa
frequency. Refer to
Pr
ed
y
displa
is
eled during the atness calibration pro cess.
ys an error message if the source is unlev
oduct Note 8510-16
b.
Note
FLATNESS
ait
W
un
atness correction feature.
c. Remove the p ower sensor from Port 1 of the test set.
atness
er
ow
p
alid
v
P
5.
requires
erform
the
that
receiv
atness
a
calibration.
er
calibration
If
be
completed.
the
press
efore
b
Return
the
receiv
to P
the
receiv
ort 1
follo
con
calibration.
er
calibration.
er
of the
wing k
uing.
tin
test
eys:
Data
set.
eled at an
for a complete description of the
system
data
to
is
Step
not
4,
ailable,
v
a
o
ab
the
e.
v
y
3-4
Domain
er
w
o
P
Measurements
Power Domain Measurements
6. Connect a thru b etween Port 1 and Port 2 of the HP 8510C. It is not necessary for the
thru to b e zero length or lossless, but should be appropriately dened in the selected Cal
Kit.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
7. In the MENUS blo ck, press
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
INPUT PWR
to measure power at Port 1. The softkey label is underlined after the
a.
4
5
, then press
CAL
RECEIVER CAL
.
measurement is completed.
b.
c.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Press
the Cal Kit, a further menu appears to allow selection of the appropriate standard. At
the completion of the measurement, the
OUTPUT PWR
to measure power at Port 2. If several THRUs have been dened in
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
OUTPUT PWR
key is underlined.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Press
SAVE RCVR CAL
then select a Cal Set number and store the receiver cal data.
Note
When
User
v
Sw
Making
feature
1.
2.
Receiv
b2
2
en
ev
alid
ept-Frequency
a
to
the HP
Set
the
Set
Unless both input and output p ower have been measured, pressing
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SAVE RCVR CAL
Cal
er
output
ys
displa
source p
the
if
ept-frequency
sw
obtain
the
8510C to
to
er
w
o
p
turned
is
output
alue
v
a
p
ow
Gain
gain
the
generates an error message.
Note that
).
hanged
User
and
er
on,
w
o
lev
parameter
Pout
(
er
is
el
c
Compression
desired
range
to
a
measuremen
in
of
oid
v
compression
er
w
o
p
frequency
enough
w
lo
at the
ys
displa
a1
1
once calibrated,
whether
atness
Measurement
requires
t
compression
lev
terest.
driving the
device under
input
the measuremen
is
the
in
el,
(
Pin
er
w
o
p
turned
ON
Exercise
er
receiv
absolute
test (DUT)
compression.
3. Perform a receiver calibration as appropriate. Then connect the (DUT).
4. Display S21and perform an S21Response Cal (Thru) with the DUT in place.
5. Press
4
SCALE54154x1
5
for convenient viewing.
dBm and
)in
are
ts
OFF.
or
calibration
units.
er
w
o
p
into
6.
Select
a.
b.
split c
Press
Select either
c.
Press
d. Conrm that
7. Press
8.
y
an
Press
4
CHANNEL 1
frequency
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
MARKER
hannel
4
DISPLAY
,
5
NNNNNN
DUAL CHAN SPLIT
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
CHANNEL 2
the display on Channel 2 reads
5
, and increase the source power until the gain (
oin
p
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
and
y
displa
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
then
DISPLAY
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNN
ARAMETER
,P
t.
mark
the
set
mo
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
N
N
de.
N
N
N
er
N
NN
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.
MODE
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNN
or
DUAL CHAN OVERLAY
4
5
, then
MENU
frequency
the
to
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
USER 2 b2
Pout
in units of dBm.
at
t
oin
p
P
.
NNNN
.
S21) decreases to01dB at
S
h
w
o
whic
er
21
Domain
dB.
1
is
0
Measurements
3-5
Power Domain Measurements
Note
Marker searchmay be used by pressing
4
MARKER
5
,
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
MORE
,and
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
MINIMUM
.
9. Read the absolute power at the output from the marker readout for Channel 2.
Swept-Power Gain Compression Measurement Exercise
Making a swept-power gain compression measurement requires using the power domain and
receiver calibration features.
1. Set up the HP 8510C for this measurement as for the \Swept-Frequency Gain
Compression Measurement Exercise" above.
2. Ensure that a receiver calibration has been completed, and an appropriate calibration for
S21is done (a response cal is usually adequate for well-matched ampliers).
S
Connect
3.
Displa
4.
having
the
(
a1
y
a receiv
DUT
Pin
er
)
displa
and
(
b2
Pout
or
calibration.
y
)on
on
21
Channel
Channel
2.
T
1
urn
with
on
calibration
previously
the
turned
ON.
stored
Cal
Set
N
N
N
N
NN
that
N
N
N
N
N
N
.
driv
mode.
for
t
e
1
of
P
the
dB
o
Domain.
er
w
amplier
the
on
to
in
S
trace.
21
Note
5.
6.
7.
8.
a
Set
Select
the
Set
during
the
Use
mark
w
o
P
start-
the
mark
Channels
the
to
er
Domain.
er
and
trace.
searc
er
and
1
desired
Press
stop-p
h function
2
frequency
4
er
w
o
ust
m
DOMAIN
ts
oin
p
to lo
in
e
b
of
,
5
to
cate a
then
v
uncoupled
measuremen
N
N
N
N
N
POWER
alues
gain drop
9. Read the marker value for Channel 2 to determine the absolute input power (
output p ower (
a. Press
b.
Press
mak
o
T
10.
steps that follo
a.
Press
poin
b.
OR
e
t from the original frequency domain calibrations.
Pout
4
CHANNEL 2
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
USER
1
calibrated
w:
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNN
DOMAIN
) at the 1 dB compression p oint.
5
, then
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
a1
compression
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
,
POWER
or
4
MENU
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
USER
N
,then
5
in the PARAMETER block.
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
NN
N
N
N
N
N
N
.
b2
2
measuremen
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ts
NEXT PT HIGHER
at other
NNN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
or
NEXT PT LOWER
frequencies
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
terest,
in
of
to select the next
c. Enter a valid frequency of measurement using the numeric keypad. This metho d
may be used provided the exact frequency pointentered is contained in the original
frequency
the
ter
en
domain
alid
v
calibration.
frequency.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DOMAIN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
,
POWER
,
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
then
FREQUENCY
compression
Pin
)or
the
use
MEAS.
OF
and
3-6
Domain
er
w
o
P
Measurements
Power Domain Measurements
Note
Entering a frequency of measurement not contained in the original frequency
domain calibration causes the calibrations to be turned OFF.
11. Repeat steps 8 and 9 above for the new frequency of measurement.
Domain
er
w
o
P
Measurements
3-7
Index
A
applying connector comp ensation, 2-2
C
calibration
using connector comp ensation, 2-2
cal type change, 2-1
change cal type, 2-1
connector compensation, cal set mo dications,
2-2
connector
tions,
en
v
con
pairs
t
yp
for
eface,
comp
iii
ensation,
2-2
F
atness
calibration
in
receiv
er cal,
3-4
L
limit points, 1-1
limits, 1-1
lines of limits, 1-1
P
points of limits, 1-1
power domain,
3-1
completing a receiver cal, 3-4
cedure,
units
k
u
eys,
pro
3-1
and
3-2
3-3
atness
function
calibration
description,
measuremen
calibration,
er
receiv
men
the
using
t
T
iii
tions,
en
v
con
eface
yp
t
U
calibration,
using receiv
er
3-4
parameter
3-2
lab
els,
3-5
Index-1
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