Agilent Technologies
772D and 773D
Directional Couplers
Operating and Service
Manual
Serial Numbers
This instrument has a two-part serial number. The first four digits and the
letter comprise the serial number prefix. The last five digits form a sequential
suffix which is unique to each instrument. The contents of this manual apply
directly to instruments having the serial number prefix 2838 and above.
Part number: 00772-90001
Printed in USA
July 2001
Supersedes: June 1999
Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without
notice.
Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this
material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be
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CertificationAgilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published
specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent further
certifies that its calibrat ion measurements are traceable to the Unit ed Stat es
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS), to the
extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration
facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
WarrantyThis Agilent system product is warranted against defects in materials and
workmanship for a period corresponding to the individual warranty periods
of its component products. Instruments are warranted for a period of one
year. During the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, either repair or
replace products that prove to be defective.
W ar ranty se rvice for products insta lled by Agi lent and c ertain o ther produ cts
designated by Agilent will be performed at Buyer’s facility at no charge
within Agilent service travel areas. Outside Agilent service travel areas,
warranty service will be performed at Buyer’s facility only upon Agilent’s
prior agreement and Buyer shall pay Agilent’s round trip travel expenses. In
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For products returned to Agilent for warranty service, Buyer shall prepay
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and taxes for products returned to Agilent from another country.
Agilent warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent for
use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when
properly installed on that instrument. Agilent does not warrant that the
operation of the ins trument, or softwa re, or firmwar e will be uninte rrupted or
error free.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY. The foregoing warranty shall not apply
to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer,
Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or
misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the
product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PA RTICULAR PURPOSE.
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual iii
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE
BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENT AL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED
ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.
AssistanceProduct maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements
are available for Agilent products.
For assistance, call your local Agilent Sales and Service Office (refer to
“Service and Support” on page v).
Hewlett-Packard to
Agilent Technologies
Transition
This documentation supports a product that previously shipped
under the Hewlett-Packard company brand name. The brand
name has now been changed to Agilent Technologies. The two
products are functionally identical, only our name has changed.
The document still includes references to Hewlett-Packard
products, some of which have been transitioned to Agilent
Technologies.
iv 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Service and Support
Any adjustment, maintenance, or repair of this product must be performed
by qualified personnel. Contact your customer engineer through your local
Agilent Service Center.
Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist
United States
Review this product and related documentation to familiarize yourself with
safety markings and instructions before you operate the instrument. This
product has been designed and tested in accordance with international
standards.
WARNING The WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice, or the like, that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result
in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
CAUTION The CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not corre ctly perfo rmed or adher ed
to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
Instrument Markings
When you see this symbol on your instrument, you should refer to the instrument’s
instruction manual for important information.
!
This symbol indicates hazardous voltages.
The laser radiation symbol is marked on products that have a laser output.
This symbol indicates that the instrument requires alternating current (ac) input.
The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. If it is
accompanied by a year, it indicates the year the design was proven.
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.
1SM1-AThis text indicates that the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1
Class A product (CISPER 11, Clause 4).
This symbol indicates that the power line switch is ON.
This symbol indicates that the power line switch is OFF or in STANDBY position.
vi 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Safety Earth
Ground
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing
terminal). An uninterru pti bl e safety earth ground must be provi ded fro m t he
main power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, or
supplied power cord set. Whenever it is likely that the protection has been
impaired, the product must be made inoperative and secured against any
unintended operation.
Before Applying
Power
Verify that the produ ct is configured to match the a vailable main power
source as d escribed in th e input power configuration instructions in this
manual. If this product is to be powered by autotransformer, make sure the
common terminal is conne cted to the neutr al (grounded) si de of the ac power
supply .
Figure 10. Use and Care of APC-7 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual -ix
x 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Description
Description
Figure 1772D and 773D Directional Couplers
772D Dual Directional
Coupler
773D Directional
Coupler
The 772D dual directional coupler is a four port passive device. Directional
couplers sample po wer flowing in one direct ion and ig nore po wer flowin g in
the opposite direction. Two couplers are incorporated in the 772D so that
power flowing in either direction can be sampled. Such a system is usually
called a reflectometer. In a reflectometer the incident power flowing into the
setup and the reflected power from the device under test are compared.
The 773D directional coupler is a three port passive device. Directional
couplers in their auxiliar y arms sample t he power flowi ng in one dire ction in
the mainline and ignore power flowing in the opposite direction. They can
be used for measurement pu rposes or for powe r leveling. The coupl ing in the
773D changes the same as the coupling variation of the input coupler in the
772D. This property may be used to cancel out the coupling variation of the
772D in a reflectometer setup by using the 773D to change the coupling for
tracking purposes.
Warranty
The directional coup ler s ar e war ranted and certified as i ndi cat ed in the front
matter of this manual.
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 11
Specifications
Specifications
The specifications given below are the performance standards or limits
against which the directional couplers are tested. Unless otherwise stated,
the specifications apply to both directional couplers.
Table 1Specifications
Characteristics and ConditionsLimitsComments
Frequency Range2.0 to 18 GHz
Maximum Directivity
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
Maximum Primary Line SWR
772D
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
773D
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
Maximum Auxiliary Line SWR
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
Nominal Coupling (2.0 to 18 GHz)20 ± 1 dB
Maximum Coupling Variation
772D
2.0 to 18 GHz
773D
2.0 to 18 GHz
30 dB
27 dB
1.28
1.40
1.21
1.27
1.3
1.3
± 1 dB
± 1 dB
For the 772D, this specification applies to the test port only.
Input port directivity is 24 dB @ 2 to 18 GHz.
50 Ω nominal impedance
Established with a best fit line through the coupling curve
Test port to incident
Tracking≤ ± 0.7 dBWith 772D TEST PORT shorted and not including
source-match ripple. Refers to the relative tracking of the
auxiliary arms: auxiliary arms do not necessarily track in
absolute power. Typical relative tracking between 772D and
773D ≤±0.7 dB.
Primary Line Residual Loss
772D
773D
Maximum Power Input50 W (47 dBm) average
< 1.5 dB
< .90 dB
250 W (54 dBm) peak
12 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Table 1Specifications (Continued)
Characteristics and ConditionsLimitsComments
ConnectorsMIL-C-39012
772D
Input
Incident
Reflected
Test port
773D
Input
Coupled
Output
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
APC-7
APC-7
Type N (female)
APC-7
Offset by 2.5 degrees by design
Specifications
Option 001
773D only
Option 002
Input
Coupled
Output
Option 010
Input
Coupled
Output
Operating Environment
Temperature range
Humidity
Maximum altitude
Net Weight
772D
773D
Dimensions
772D
Length
Width
Height
Type N (female)
Type N (male)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (male)
to +55° C
0
< 95% relative
4570 meters (15,000 feet)
2.6 kg (5.72 lb)
0.8 kg (1.76 lb)
391 mm (15.4 in)
133 mm (5.3 in)
43 mm (1.7 in)
On all ports on both 772D and 773D
773D
Length
Width
Height
186 mm (7.3 in)
108 mm (4.3 in)
30 mm (1.2 in)
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 13
Specifications
Supplemental Characteristics
Supplemental characteristics are not specifications; that is, they are not
covered by the certification and warranty at the beginning of this manual.
They are typical or nominal characteristics included as additional
information for the user.
CharacteristicsFrequency772D773D
Minimum Directivity0.1 to 2.0 GHz
12.4 to 20 GHz
Maximum Primary Line SWR0.1 to 2.0 GHz
18 to 20 GHz
Maximum Auxiliary Line SWR0.1 to 2.0 GHz
18 to 20 GHz
Primary Line Residual Loss0.1 to 2.0 GHz
18 to 20 GHz
39 dB
20 dB
1.05
1.29
1.08
1.17
< 0.26 dB
< 1.3 dB
Effective Source Match
Frequency772D773D
0.1 to 2 GHz1.061.05
2 to 12.4 GHz1.131.12
2.4 GHz to 18 GHz1.181.15
18 to 20 GHz1.321.28
39 dB
21 dB
1.29
1.16
1.07
1.17
< 0.15 dB
< 0.6 dB
14 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Voltage Incident on 772D Test Port and 773D Input
Figure 2 depicts the typical coupling curve of the 772D and 773D.
Figure 2Voltage Incident on 772D Test Port and 773D Input
Directivity
Specifications
The following graph depicts the 772D/773D typical changes in directivity
over the frequency range.
Figure 3Directivity
Calculating 772D Error
Analysis has shown the typical measurement error of the 772D to be:
E
s
++=
ABΓ
x
2
CΓ
x
where: E
= error of swept-frequency measurement
s
A = directivity of 772D
B = effective source match + coupler directivity
C = source match
= reflection coefficient of unknown
Γ
x
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 15
Specifications
2
By using various techniques, such as fixed-frequency measurements,
calibrating out the source match error by taking an average of the open and
short-circuit readings, or by running a calibration grid this error can be
reduced to:
EfA C
+=
Γ
x
These two equations are graphed as follows:
Figure 4772D Error 0.1 to 2.0 GHz
Figure 5772D Error 2.0 to 12.4 GHz
Figure 6772D Error 12.4 to 18.0 GHz
16 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Installation
Installation
Initial Inspection1. Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or
cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of
the shipment have been checked for completeness and the instrument
has been checked mechanic ally and electric ally . Proced ures for checking
electrical performance are given under Performance Tests.
2. If the contents are inc omplete, if the re is mechanical d amage or defect,
or if the inst rument doe s not pass the e lec tric al pe rforman ce te st , conta ct
the nearest Agilent Sales and Service office . Refer to the Service and
Support info rmation in the front matter of this manual. Agilent will
arrange for repair or replacement of the damaged or defective
equipment. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.
3. If you are returning the instrument for service, repacka ging the
instrument requires original shipping containers and materials or their
equivalents. Agilent can provide packaging materials identical to the
original materials. Ref er t o Se rvi ce and Support information in th e f ront
matter of this manual for the Agilent office nearest you. Attach a tag
indicating the type of service required, return address, model number
and serial number. Mark the container FRAGILE to insure careful
handling. In any correspondence, refer to the instrument by model
number and serial number.
Storage and ShipmentThe instrument should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following
environmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment:
a.Temperature:
b. Altitude< 7620 meters (25,000 feet)
c.Humidity< 95% relative
−5 to +75 °C
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 17
Using the 772D Dual
Directional Coupler
Figure 7772D Dual Direction Coupler
Operating Information
Operating Information
CAUTION Maximum power input is 50 W CW or 250 W peak. Greater power may
damage the 772D.
1. Connect the signal from the signal source to the INPUT connector.
2. Connect the output signal from the TEST PORT connector to the test
setup.
3. Connect the incident power-indicating device to the INCIDENT port.
The power from this port is attenuated approximately 20 dB from that
flowing on th e mainline in a fo rward direction (from INPUT to TEST
PORT).
4. Connect the reflected-power in dicating device to the REFL ECTED port.
Coupler power from this port will be attenuated approximately 20 dB
from the power reflected by a device under test connected to the TEST
PORT. M ainline power flowing from the INPUT port to the
REFLECTED port will be attenuated an additional amount equal to the
directivity.
18 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Operating Information
Using the 773D
Directional Coupler
Figure 8773D Directional Coupler
CAUTION Maximum power input is 50 W CW or 250 W peak. Greater power may
damage the 773D.
1. Connect the signal from the signal source to the INPUT connector.
2. Connect the output signal from OUTPUT to the test setup.
3. Connect the coupled signal from the COUPLED port to the detec tor . The
power from this port is attenuated approximately 20 dB from that
flowing on th e mainline in a fo rward direction (from INPUT to
OUTPUT ports). Any voltage reflected from equipment c onnected to the
OUTPUT port will be attenuated an additional amount equal to the
directivity.
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 19
Performance Tests
Performance Tests
The following procedures test the 772D and 773D electrical performance
specified in Table 1. All tests can be performed without access to t he inte rior
of the instrument.
Table 2Recommended Test Equipment
InstrumentCritical SpecificationsSuggested Agilent Model Use
Sweep oscillatorCW and swept frequency signal
in 0.01 GHz to 40 GHz range
Scalar network analyzerSwept frequency transmission
and reflection measurements
from 0.01 to 60 GHz. AC/DC
detection capability
Detectors (2)Range:
Fixed terminationRange: dc to 6 GHz909FP, T
Sliding loadRange: 1.8 to 18 GHz905AP, T
Coaxial shortMates with type N (male)
Coaxial openMates with type N (male)
1. P = Performance test, T = Troubleshooting
− 60 dBm to + 16 dBm11664AP, T
Mates with type N (female)
Mates with APC-7
Mates with type N (female)
Mates with APC-7
8350B main frame with
83592B RF plug-in (0.01
to 20 GHz)
8757AP, T
85054-60026
85054-60025
85050-80007
85054-60028
85054-60027
85050-80010
P, T
P, T
P, T
1
Set Up and CalibrationTo account for frequency response errors and calibrate your test setup,
perform the f ollowing p rocedure. Refer to Figure 9 for t he test setup us ed for
the performance tests.
1. Connect your 772D or 773D to t he test equipment as shown in Figure 9.
Set the test equipment controls as follows:
2. Perform short/open calibrations according to the directions for your
network analyzer. The calibration should be automatically stored in
Channel 1 memory.
20 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Performance Tests
3. On the 8757A press M_MEM on Channel 1 displ ay keys. On e quival ent
network analyzers press the key sequence that will remove calibration
and frequency response errors from further measurements according to
E
the equation: . (Refer to “Calculating 772D Error”
EfA C
s
2
+==
Γ
x
under “Specifications” in this manual.)
Figure 9772D/773D Performance Test Setup
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 21
Performance Tests
Directivity TestThis test assumes that s etup and c alibrat ion ha ve alrea dy been co mpleted . To
check that the couple rs meet the di rect ivit y specif ic ation in Table 1, perform
the followin g steps:
NOTE The accuracy of the test system must be added to the directivit y specificati on
in Table 1.
1. Connect the fixed termination as shown in Figure 9.
2. Set the network analyzer Channel 1 reference level to 30 dBm. Verify
that directivity is within specification from 2 GHz through 18 GHz.
3. Connect the sliding load as shown in Figure 9. At freque ncies of inter est,
phase (move) the load element. Read the peaks and troughs and
∆
calculate the difference in dB (
factor (Dc
) from Table 3.
dB
). Find the appropriate correction
dB
Table 3Correction for Element Reflection of the 905A
∆D
dB
1.00.403.61.606.02.40
1.10.503.91.706.52.60
1.40.604.01.707.02.80
1.60.704.11.807.52.90
1.80.804.21.808.03.10
2.00.904.31.858.53.20
2.21.004.41.909.03.30
2.51.104.51.909.53.50
2.71.204.62.0010.03.60
3.01.304.72.0012.04.00
3.11.404.92.1014.04.30
3.21.405.02.1016.04.60
3.41.505.52.30
Dc
dB
∆D
dB
Dc
dB
∆D
dB
Dc
dB
22 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
Service Instructions
Service Instructions
ConnectorsFor instruction on connecting and care of your connectors, we recommend
Microwave Connector Care Quick Reference Card (08510-90360).
Figure 10Use and Care of APC-7 Connectors
To Connect1. On one connector, retract the coupling sleeve by turning the coupling
nut counterclockwise until the sleeve and nut disengage.
2. On the other connector, fully extend the coupling sleeve by turning the
coupling nut clockwise. To engage coupling sleeve and coupling nut
when the sleeve is fully retracted, press back lightly on the nut while
turning it clockwise.
3. Push the connectors firmly together, and thread the coupling nut of the
connector with retracted sleeve over the extended sleeve.
4. DO NOT tighten the other coupling nut sin ce this will t end to loos en the
electrical connection.
To Disconnect1. Loosen the coupling nut of the connector showing the wider gold band.
CAUTION Part the connectors carefully to prevent striking the inner conductor contact.
772D/773D Operating and Service Manual 23
Service Instructions
Care•Do not use aromatic hydrocarbons such as acetone, trichlorethylene,
carbon tetrachloride or benzene to clean connector surfaces.
•Do not spray any liquid solvent directly onto connector surfaces.
•Connector wear eventually degrades perfo rmance. To prolong the life of
your connectors:
❍Inspect and clean all surfaces that come in contact.
❍Do not connect to a damaged connector. Replace damaged
connectors.
❍Turn only the connector nut (not the device) when making
connection.
24 772D/773D Operating and Service Manual
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