Agilent 71450B Users Guide

User's Guide

ersonality

EDF

A

TDE

P

for HP 71450B/1B/2B

HP Part No. 70952-90005

Edition 1

Printed in USA June 1995

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway,

Santa Rosa, CA

95403-1799, USA

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change

without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard

ackard

this

of

of

shall

material,

this

to

merchantability

be liable

not

damages

for

connection

in

including

tness

and

contained

errors

with

but

for

the

limited

not

particular

a

herein

furnishing,

the

,

to

purpose

incidental

for

or

performance

implied

Hewlett-P

.

warranties

consequential

or

use

or

,

material.

Restricted

Rights

Government

Rights

the

of

252.227-7013

Commercial

agencies

other

Regulatory

71450B/1B/2B

HP

Legend.

subject

is

T

in

for

Computer

to

echnical

agencies

DOD

Software

.

Information.

Optical

duplication,

,

Use

restrictions

and Computer

Data

and

,

Restricted

specications

The

Spectrum

disclosure

or

forth

set

as

Software

subparagraphs

Rights

characteristics

and

eference

Analyzers

R

in

clause

by

subparagraph

at

and

FAR

at

(c)

clause

(c) (1)

contains

(1)

(c)

ARS

DF

of

(2)

52.227-19

chapter

regulatory

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the

of

for

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the

information.

c



Copyright Hewlett-P

ackard Company 1995

All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

EDFA Analysis with the EDFA TDE Per-

sonality

The EDFA Time Domain Extinction (TDE) Personality characterizes the

gain and noise gure of erbium-doped ber ampliers. The measurement

technique used takes advantage of the fact that, immediately after turning o

the input signal, an EDFA's amplied spontaneous emissions (ASE) has a slow

recovery to the undriven state.

The TDE personality performs the following measurements on erbium-doped

ber ampliers:



Source



Gain



Noise

Input



EDF



EDF



Integrated



The

71450B/1B

71450A/1A

kit

The

Lasers

triggers

wavelength.

versus wavelength.

gure versus

and output

Aand

A

input signal-to-noise

versus

noise

amplied

personality

is

Option

optical

installed.

personality

TDE

(Option

003

measurements

wavelength.

power versus

wavelength.

spontaneous

optical

intended

is

with

spectrum

analyzers

included

052

spectrum

recommended).

optical

the

on

wavelength.

versus

ratios

emission

71452B

HP

the

analyzers

that

used

be

to

tunable

The

spectrum

wavelength.

(ASE)

and

.

had

have

HP

with

laser's

analyzer

wavelength.

over

available

is

also

can

It

HP

the

8168A/B/C

modulation

.

for

used

be

70953A

Tunable

output

If not already installed, install the program as described in Chapter 1.

Once installed, you can start the program by pressing

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDFA_TD

softkey.

4

USER

5

and then the

HP

on HP

upgrade

iii

On-line help is available

A help menu is always available by pressing the

this menu is displayed, pressing any other softkey displays information about

that softkey. The information includes an equivalent programming command

if available.To remove the help menu, simply press

NNNNNNNNNNN

Off

is underlined.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

HELP On Off

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

HELP On Off

softkey. Once

so that

iv

Help menu.

Ensuring the greatest

accuracy

To ensure the greatest possible accuracy, observe the following:



Maintain a resolution bandwidth0.5 nm for best amplitude accuracy.



Perform a user calibration of the optical spectrum analyzer as described in

Chapter 2.



Optical isolator reduces reections.

Inserting isolators at the input and output of the erbium-doped

ber amplier reduces the eect of external reections on amplier

performance.



Clean connections are required for best accuracy. When connecting

ber-optic

1. Clean

Optical

the

do

,

cables

the connectors

Spectrum

Analyzers User's

following

as described

steps:

in Chapter

Guide

.

Dry

HP

the

of

1

connections

71450B/1B/2B

are

recommended.

outside

the

touch

not

does

end

connectors so

Align

2.

mating

the

After

3.

to

hand

to

Refer

Overtightening

nonrepeatable

and

connector

ferrule

it

keep

manufacturer's

the

that the

not rub

Do

.

properly

is

straight

undertightening

or

connections

ber

the

seated

nger-tighten

and

data

.

end

ber

inside

for

sheet

connectors

against

connector

the

with

it

torque

other

any

use

,

other

the

recommendations

in

result

can

surfaces

one

hand.

misalignment

of

the

.

.

Fusion

.

.

measurements

A

EDF

in

splices

reduce

Fusion



splices

largest

The

repeatability

is

reduce

source

of

measurement

measurement

of

ber-optic

uncertainty

uncertainty

connections

connector uncertainties of60.25 dB to a60.05 dB splice uncertainty.

typical

v

Control program using

softkeys or

programming

commands

Conventions

ey

K

The EDFA TDE personality can be controlled either via softkey menus or

remote programming commands. Softkeys are the seven buttons located on

each side of the screen. The functions of softkeys change according to the

menus displayed on the screen. Generally, left-side softkeys access major

menus. Refer to Chapter 3 for a denition of the programming commands.

Use the following three front-panel keys on the HP 70004A display to select

the available softkey menus:



Press

4

5

to view EDFA TDE personality menus. The personality must

USER

rst be installed as described in Chapter 1.



Press

4

5

to view optical spectrum analyzer menus.

.

in

menus

this

guide:

view

to

5

Y

conventions

HP

70004A

used

are

display

Press



following key

The

MENU

4

DISPLA

4

ront-panel

F

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

Softkey

Screen

N

N

N

key

N

N

N

N

Text

ext

T

5

the

ext

T

located

are

analyzer

ext

T

instrument's

shown

spectrum

shown

next

annotation

the

display

printed

this

like

analyzer

this

like

the

to

.)

this

in

screen.

represents

.

represents

softkey

the

on

typeface

labels

right

indicates

key

a

softkey

a

and

,

left

or

physically

(The

.

softkey

the

the

of

side

displayed

text

located on

softkeys

labels

spectrum

on

are

the

vi

Hewlett-Packard Software Product License

Agreement

Important

Please carefully read this License Agreement before opening the media envelope or operating the

equipment. Rights in the software are oered only on the condition that the Customer agrees to

all terms and conditions of the License Agreement. Opening the media envelope or operating the

equipment indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions. If you do not agree to the License

Agreement, you may return the unopened package for a full refund.

Use

Copies

Adaptations

and

to

the

following:

the

.

the

for

for

a

archival

return

In

Customer

Customer



Customer



Customer may



when

payment

license

may

may

copying

the

of

software

the

in

software

the

use

reverse

not

make copies

adaptation

or

,

purposes

applicable

assemble

adaptations

or

or

,

on

is

until

one

or

essential

an

fee

Hewlett-P

,

terminated,

spectrum

decompile

the

of

step

ackard

subject

analyzer

software

the

software:

the

in

grants

instrument.

use of

software with a computer so long as the copies and adaptations are used

in no other manner.



Customer has no other rights to copy unless they acquire an appropriate

license to reproduce which is available from Hewlett-Packard for some

software

Customer



provided by

.

agrees

that

Hewlett-P

warranty

no

ackard

for

,

any

installation,

free

copies

adaptations

or

or

free

training

made

by

Customer.



All copies and adaptations of the software must bear the copyright

notices(s) contained in or on the original.

is

vii

Ownership

ransfer

T

Software

of

Rights



Customer agrees that they do not have any title or ownership of the

software, other than ownership of the physical media.



Customer acknowledges and agrees that the software is copyrighted and

protected under the copyright laws.



Customer acknowledges and agrees that the software may have been

developed by a third party software supplier named in the copyright

notice(s) included with the software, who shall be authorized to hold the

Customer responsible for any copyright infringement or violation of this

License Agreement.

part

in

Customer



the

of

transfer

agreement

may

of

transfer

of

the

all

third

rights

their

party

in

rights

to

the

and only

bound by

be

software to

a third

if Customer

the terms

party only

obtains the

of this

as

prior

License

Agreement.

Sublicensing and

Distribution

Termination

Upon



terminated

deliver

Transfer



lower

made

be

Hewlett-P



Customer

adaptations

a

such

and

them

to a

contractor in

tier

only upon

ackard.

may not

of

transfer

that

the

to

government

.

.S

U

software

the

Customer

,

will

they

party

third

connection

prior

their

sublicense

agrees

either

.

department

written

the

to the

that

destroy

with

agreement

software

public in

copies

their

agency

or

government

.

.S

U

a

to

distribute

or

physical media

to

or

terms

copies

adaptations

and

prime

a

contract

required

or by

or

by

or

software

the

in

rights

their

telecommunication without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard.



Hewlett-Packard may terminate this software license for failure to comply

with any of these terms provided Hewlett-Packard has requested Customer

to cure the failure and Customer has failed to do so within thirty (30) days

.

of such

notice

are

or

shall

viii

Updates and Upgrades



Customer agrees that the software does not include future updates

and upgrades which may be available for HP under a separate support

agreement.

Export



Customer agrees not to export or re-export the software or any copy or

adaptation in violation of the U.S. Export Administration regulations or

other applicable regulations.

ix

Limited Warranty

Software

Media

Notice of Warranty

Claims

Hewlett-Packard warrants for a period of one (1) year from the date of

purchase that the software product will execute its programming instructions

when properly installed on the spectrum analyzer instrument indicated

on this package. Hewlett-Packard does not warrant that the operation of

the software will be uninterrupted or error free. In the event that this

software product fails to execute its programming instructions during the

be

the

of

use

any

remedy

amount

price

card

warranty

period,

(\media")

replace

be

a

time

free

period

be

to

remedy

and

ackard

from

prove

to

ackard

Customer's

,

unable

alternate

product

Hewlett-P

to

for

media

shall

Hewlett-P

of

upon return

Hewlett-P

to

all

defects

one

of

be

to

return

the

of

Customer's

ackard for

the media

be

shall

.

copies

warrants

in

year

(1)

defective

media

the

unable

be

alternate

product

remedy

within a

refund

a

media upon

the

materials

the

from

during

Hewlett-P

to

replace

to

remedy

all

and

return

to

be

shall

replacement. Should

reasonable amount

purchase

the

of

workmanship

and

date

warranty

the

ackard

media

the

shall

.

copies

which

purchase

of

be

price

this

period,

replacement.

for

within

refund

a

measurement

the

Hewlett-Packard

Customer's

of time

upon

product

under

In the

.

,

return

recorded

is

normal

event

Customer's

Should

reasonable

a

purchase

the

of

Customer must notify Hewlett-Packard in writing of any warranty claim not

later than thirty (30) days after the expiration of the warranty period.

Limitation of Warranty

Hewlett-Packard makes no other express warranty, whether written or oral,

with respect to this product. Any implied warranty of merchantability or

have

.

other

tness

This

limited

is

warranty

to

gives

specic

legal

rights

year

(1)

one

the

rights which vary from state to state

duration

of

and Customer

,

, or province

written warranty

this

may

to province

also

.

x

Exclusive Remedies

The remedies provided above are Customer's sole and exclusive remedies.

In no event shall Hewlett-Packard be liable for any direct, indirect, special,

incidental, or consequential damages (including lost prot) whether based on

warranty, contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Warranty Service

Warranty service may be obtained from the nearest Hewlett-Packard sales

oce or other location indicated in the owner's manual or service booklet.

xi

Contents

1. Installing the Personality

To Install From the Memory Card . . . . . . . . . . .

To Install From a 3.5-inchDiskette Drive . . . . . . . .

If a Memory Error is Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . .

optical

T

a

y noise

the

an

est

a

a

an

the

the

HP

.

.

single

ulti

m

output

Program

alues

v

amplitude

eak

p

noise

ASE

calibrate

o

T

calibrate

o

T

Running

erform

p

o

T

erform

p

o

T

erform

p

o

T

Conguring

displa

o

T

hange the

c

o

T

hange the

c

o

T

hange the

c

o

T

hange

c

o

T

ectrum

sp

71450A/1A

.

.

.

.

.

elength

v

a

w

elength

v

a

w

.

test

.

. .

.

.

.

scale

excursion

bandwidth

tegration

in

.

.

.

test

test

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

alue

v

.

windo

analyzer

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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.

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.

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w

.

. .

.

.

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. .

. .

.

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.

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.

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. .

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.

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. .

. .

.

.

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.

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. .

.

. .

.

.

.

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.

. .

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. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1-4

1-6

1-8

2-4

2-5

.

2-14

.

2-24

2-26

.

2-32

2-40

.

2-43

.

2-45

.

2-46

.

2-46

.

2-47

.

2-47

.

Programming

3.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

duction

tro

In

Commands

.

F

y

b

unctional

Group

.

.

.

.

.

.

Softkeys versus Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Commands in Alphab etical Order . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Reference

MenuMap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

Messages

Error

Measuremen

EDFA Gain

EDFA Noise

EDFA S/N

Input S/N

Input Pwr

Integrt ASE

.

Calculations .

t

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

......................

..... ....... ...... ...

..... ....... ...... ...

.

.... ........ ...... .

...

....

..................

....................

. .

. .

.

.

.

.

3-4

3-7

.

3-10

3-12

4-3

. .

.

.

.

. .

.

.

4-4

4-5

.

4-5

4-6

4-7

4-8

4-9

4-10

Contents-1

Characteristic Measurement Uncertainty

Integrt BW

Noise BW

Noise Fig

Output Pwr

Wavelength

Characteristic Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . .

Index

...... ........ ...... . 4-11

...................... 4-11

...................... 4-12

...... ........ ...... . 4-12

...... ........ ...... . 4-13

4-14

Contents-2

1

Installing

the

ersonality

P

you

Do

70004A

have

display?

an

HP

Installing the Personality

If you have an HP 71452B optical spectrum analyzer, the EDFATDE

personality has already been installed at the factory. Use the procedures in

this chapter to install the personality into HP 71450A/0B/1A/1B instruments

and to reinstall the program if it is erased from memory. Copies of the

program are included in the following forms:



Memory card.



3.5-inch diskette.

YES

Install

from

NO

Install

Refer

(HP-LIF format)

personality

the

memory

the

personality

the

o install

\T

to

card"

from

the

from

this

in

directly

3.5-inch

a

memory

chapter

from

dikette

the

.

an

card.

external

drive"

Refer

in

\T

to

HP-IB

this

install

o

disk

chapter

drive

.

.

Installing on HP

71450A/1A optical

spectrum

analyzers

installed,

program

the

ower

is

internal

the

erased

program

from

battery

is

memory

return

,

stored

battery-powered memory

in

With normal

.

optical

the

use,

spectrum

internal

the

analyzer

.If

to

the

battery

Hewlett

a

internal

lasts

for

ackard

P

battery

several

service center

Battery P

Once

the

replace

The EDFATDEPersonality can be installed in HP 71450A/1A optical

spectrum analyzers

if the HP 70953A upgrade kit is installed.

1-2

loses

power

years.

,

o

T

.

Installing the Personality

Chapter Contents

To install from the memory card

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

To install from a 3.5-inch diskette drive

If a memory error is displayed

:::::: :::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::

:::::::::::::::::::::::::

1-4

1-6

1-8

1-3

To Install From the Memory Card

1. Press

4

5

. If the softkey

USER

EDFA_TD

appears, the personality is

already installed. Continue with Chapter 2 to learn how to perform

measurements.

2. Locate the memory card containing the program.

3. Locate the arrow printed on one end of the card.

4. Insert the card into the HP 70004A display's front-panel card slot. Match

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

the

card's

arrow

with

the

arrow

printed

above

the card

slot.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1-4

Press

Press

Press

Press

4

N

4

NNNNNNNNN

and

5

Y

DISPLA

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

msi

MENU

then

and

5

and then the left-side

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MORE 1 of 3

the

then

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

MEMORY

N

and then

left-side

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

CARD

NNNNNNNNN

catalog & MSI

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Storage

Mass

N

N

.

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

Misc

softkey.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNN

softkey

.

.

Installing the Personality

To Install From the Memory Card

9.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

HP-MSIB CARD

If

2053 Storage device error

to display all les contained on the memory card.

is displayed, either the card is missing

or the card's HP-MSIB address is listed incorrectly. The HP-MSIB

address for the card is the same address as the display's HP-IB address

and is normally set to 4. If the address is not correct, enter the correct

address using the numeric keypad.

10.

Press the

11. Use the numeric keypad to enter the

this means pressing

The

is

the

If

12.

not

program.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

front-panel

being

error

enough

LOAD FILE

LED

copied

into

message

memory

free

\If

to

Refer

softkey.

415

and then

next

the

2011

memory

a

to

4

USER

Memory

the

in

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ENTER

card

the

menu.

5

overflow

optical

error

EDFA_TD

.)

slot

spectrum

displayed"

is

le number. (Normally,

lights indicating

displayed,

is

analyzer

in

there is

to

this

that the

load

chapter

le

the

.

1-5

To Install From a 3.5-inch Diskette Drive

When copying programs directly from an external diskette drive, the drive

must be a 3.5 inch, CS80-compatible drive, such as an HP 9122. The diskette

containing the EDFA TD advanced-measurement program uses the LIF

format.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

1. Press

4

5

. If the softkey

USER

EDFA_TD

appears, the EDFA TDE personality

is already installed. Continue with Chapter 2 to learn how to perform

measurements.

the

to

N

N

N

N

N

the

N

N

use

drive

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

DISK

left-side

then

the

module

program

the

left-side

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

.

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

catalog

numeric

.

NN

NN

N

Mass

Ignore

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Misc

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Connect

2.

the

Insert

3.

4.

Press

5.

Press

to

Press

6.

7.

Press

8.

Press

drive's

optical

the

4

DISPLA

N

N

N

N

msi

read

4

MENU

NN

N

N

MORE

N

N

N

N

HPIB

address

3.5-inch

a

spectrum

diskette

Y

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

and

device.

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

1

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

DISK

5

and

N

N

N

N

N

of

N

NN

NN

.

and

then

N

N

N

N

N

N

diskette

analyzer

containing

then

N

N

HPIB

then

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

and

3

N

N

N

and

,

New addresses are entered in the following form:

where:

A

is a digit from 0 to 7, representing the drive's HP-IB address.

U

is a digit from 0 to 9, representing the unit number. The unit

refers

and

1

or

typically

number

The

V

is

default

value

is a digit from 0 to 9,

0

0.

is

representing the volume number

numbers are used for hard disk drives

volume number should be 0. The default value is 0.

MMS

Use

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

any

N

N

N

N

N

softkey

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

&

keypad

to

.So

mainframe that

cable.

HP-IB

an

diskette

the

into

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Storage

message

softkey

such

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

MSI

enter

to

A.UV

individual disk

an

for reading diskettes

,

drive

the

contains

.

.

Unable

as

diskette

drive

.Volume

slot.

, the

1-6

Installing the Personality

To Install From a 3.5-inch Diskette Drive

For example, entering

3.00

indicates an address of 3, a unit number of

0 and a volume number of 0. This accesses a diskette in the left drive

of an external diskette drive at HP-IB address 3.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

9. Press the

10.

Press the

11. Use the numeric keypad to enter the

this means pressing

12. If the error message

not

program.

enough

ENTER

softkey.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LOAD FILE

415

memory

free

\If

to

Refer

softkey.

EDFA_TD

and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ENTER

.)

2011 Memory overflow

in

memory

a

the

optical

error

spectrum

displayed"

is

le number. (Normally,

is displayed, there is

analyzer

this chapter

in

to

load

the

.

1-7

If a Memory Error is Displayed

1. Press

2.

3.

4

5

MENU

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

MORE 1 of 3

and then the left-side

and then

Misc

softkey.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

catalog & MSI

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

INTRNL MEMORY

Notice the

MEM

TOTAL MEM

(available memory) by deleting existing les to free additional

. The following gure shows a typical display.

and

AVAIL MEM

listings.You must increase

AVAIL

memory.Or, if you have an HP 71450A/1A optical spectrum analyer,you

approximately

is

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

need

may

131000

qualied

to

bytes

service

install

memory

of

personnel.

additional

1

a

,

memory;

memory

MB

Order

the

TOTAL

if

assembly

70953A

HP

MEM

can

upgrade

installed

be

kit.

by

1-8

spectrum analyzer memory conguration.

Optical

2

erforming

P

Measurements

Performing Measurements

In this chapter, you'll learn how to characterize erbium-doped ber ampliers.

The EDFA TDE personality provides three separate testing modes:

SingleTest measures EDFA noise gure and gain at a single wavelength.

MultiTest measures EDFA noise gure and gain over a wavelength

range using a tunable laser source.

output

and

,

Output

est

T

measures

output

signal,

signal-to-noise ratio

in situations

Use Output

required.

is

Test

output

at the

noise

output of

when total

an EDF

system

in

or

A

performance

system.

a

menu.

Main

the

from

tests

the

Select

To get the most from your measurements

, be sure to read \Conguring the

Program" in this chapter; it describes customizing the measurements via the

Setup menu.

2-2

Chapter Contents

Performing Measurements

To ensure accurate measurements . . .

During calibrations and measurements, lightwave instrumentation and test setups are sensitive to

vibration and movement. To ensure accurate measurements avoid bumping, moving, or otherwise

jarring the instrument, test equipment, and supporting structure.

2-4

:

:

::

::

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Calibrating

calibrate the

To

calibrate

o

T

perform

o

T

perform

o

T

perform

o

T

display

o

T

change

o

T

change

o

T

change

o

T

change

o

T

a

Running

Conguring

T

the

est

the

Optical

optical

HP 71450A/1A

an

::

::

:

:

single

a

multi

a

output

an

Program

values

noise

amplitude

the

peak

the

noise

the

ASE

the

Spectrum

spectrum

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

wavelength

wavelength

:

:

test

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

scale

excursion

bandwidth

integration

Analyzer

analyzer

..

..

:

:

:

:

:

test

test

:

:

:

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

value

:

:

window

:

2-5

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.2-14

..

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..

2-24

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

2-26

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

:

2-32

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

2-40

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2-43

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

:

2-45

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

2-46

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2-46

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2-47

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2-47

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

::

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

2-3

Guard

due

against

polarization

to

changes

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Performing a user calibration on the optical spectrum analyzer

ensures maximum wavelength and amplitude accuracy for your EDFA

measurements. User calibrations require a stable (amplitude and wavelength)

single-frequency laser within the 600 to 1700 nm range.You can access the

Calibration menu from the optical spectrum analyzer's

4

5

MENU

and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Amptd

.)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Amptd

menu. (Press

The optical spectrum analyzer's maximum calibration adjustment is about 2

Illegal

2023,

in wavelength.

nm

signal

Cal

Because

the

calibration

polarization

source's

light

ber-optic

optical

the

polarization,

If a

displayed.

is

optical spectrum

performed

optical

on

output

the

is

measured

be

power

power

disconnected

analyzer

should

cable

spectrum

larger adjustment

analyzer is

persons

by

measurements

measured

rst

is

the

from

Because

.

the

of

value

is attempted,

slightly

knowledgeable

During

.

with

power

moving

output

meter

ber-optic

power

error

polarization

calibration,

the

power

a

and

cables

vary

may

sensitive

eects

the

on

Then, the

.

meter

connected

changes

.

,

the

to

this

of

wavelength

a

Use

or optimum

F

within

results, perform

amplier's

the

the

calibration

range

a

at

wavelength

that

is

within

the

range

the

of

you are testing.

During a calibration, the optical spectrum analyzer defaults expect a signal within the following limits:

Power .........................................05dBm65dB

Wavelength ........................................130062nm

calibration

your

amplitude

enter the

must

ou

Y

wavelength

and

of

source

from these

dierent

is

it

if

values.

2-4

amplier

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

To calibrate the optical spectrum analyzer

Ensuring amplitude accuracy

During this procedure, avoid moving the ber-optic cables whenever possible. Moving ber-optic cables

changes the polarization of the light which aects power measurements.

source

Measure

the

wavelength

Measure the average

power

following

The

11896A

HP

The

optical

spectrum

71450A/1A"

Measure

1.

wavelength

The

the

the

procedure

the

is

analyzers

chapter

this

in

wavelength

the

meter

must

laser

optical

spectrum

wavelength

requires

suggested

perform

.

Enter

.

a

have

analyzer's

air

in

as

power

a

polarization

the

precision

a

of

wavelength

the

wavelength

monochromator

.

meter

controller

listed

steps

single-mode

in

between

and

in

the

600

polarization

a

or

F

.

calibrate

o

\T

laser

provided

space

1700

to

air

is

HP

lled,

controller

71450A/1A

an

a

using

nm.

measure

HP

below

Because

wavelength: nm

2. Connect the laser, polarization controller, and power meter as shown in

the following gure.

.

.

2-5

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

accurate

For

not

Do

procedure

Adjust

3.

on

measurements

disconnect

.

cable

Maintaining

the polarization

the power

or

1

connection

this

meter.

from

2

cable

ensures

controller to

Record the

the laser

the

power

polarization

or

greatest

achieve

level

controller

measurement

maximum

the

the

on

during

.

accuracy

following

calibration

the

power

line:

reading

maximum power: dBm

4. Adjust the polarization controller to achieve a minimum power reading on

the power meter. Record the power level on the following line:

minimum power: dBm

and

3

steps

Calculate

5.

the

using

4

averag e power

average

the

following

minimum power

=

the two

of

equation.

power

Record

+

readings

the result

maximum power

2

average

recorded

below:

power:

in

dBm

2-6

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

6. In the test setup, replace the power meter with the optical spectrum

analyzer as shown in the following gure. Be sure to use two cables and

an adapter to connect the optical spectrum analyzer to the polarization

controller.

7. Turn the laser on.

For accurate measurements

Do not disconnect cable 3 from the optical spectrum analyzer during or after the calibration procedure.

Maintaining this connection ensures the greatest measurement accuracy, since your optical spectrum

analyzer

replaced

be calibrated

will

aber

with

splice

splice measurements,

fusion

or

F

3.

cable

of

end

free

the

at

.

the

is

adapter

2-7

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Determine correction

factor for source

spontaneous emission

8. Press

9. Press

10. Press

4

INSTR PRESET

4

AUTO MEAS

4

AUTO ALIGN

5

.

5

to display the laser's response.

5

to align the optical spectrum analyzer.

11. If the instrument you are calibrating has the Option 051 personality,

perform the following steps:

N

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDFA

to start the EDFA test personality.

a.

b.

Press

4

USER

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

Output Test

5

and then

c. Locate the peak of the spontaneous emission. Adjust the wavelength

spontaneous

of

dB

10

peak,

this

of

side

either

on

that,

so

span

.

visible

the

is

change

to

4

SP

AN

5

key along

with

front-panel

the

knob

emmision

Use

span.

the

Span adjusted for proper

d.

Press

2-8

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Setup

spontaneous emmission levels.

and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

INTEGRT START

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NN



.

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

e. Use the front-panel knob to move the left-integration marker to the

left edge of the display.

f.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

INTEGRT STOP, and use the front-panel knob to move the

right-integration marker to the right edge of the display.

g.

h.

i. Subtract the

er

pow

1

the

Press

the

When

and

Integrt ASE

of

ratio

=

dB

)

(

left-side

measurement

two

the

utput

O

N

Measure

is complete

Amplr

softkey

, record

measurements on the following lines:

Output Pwr

Integrt ASE

Integrt ASE

power

r

w

P

(

dB

levels

)

m

from the

. Record

Integ

0

Output Pwr

result

the

E

AS

t

r

.

the displayed

: dBm

: dBm

to determine the

following

the

on

)

m

dB

(

Output Pwr

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

1 power: dB

12. If the instrument you are calibrating does not contain the Option 051

personality, perform the following steps:

a. Record the

value of the signal peak on the following line:

line:

2-9

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

b. Press

4

NORMAL On/O

Output Pwr

5

, and use the front-panel knob to place the

: dBm

marker on the maximum level of the spontaneous emission spectrum.

c.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Press

Marker

NNNNNNNN

On

is underlined.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

,

MORE 1 of 4

, and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MKNOISE On Off

so that

d. Record the marker value on the following line:

e.

f.

g.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Press

MKNOISE On Off

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Press

MORE 2

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

MKR BW

marker

Record

On Off

bandwidth

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

of

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

displayed

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

,

4

so that

set

is

Marker

so that

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

mkr bw/

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

On

0

to

MKR

NNNNNNNNNN

N

Off

is underlined.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

zoom

underlined. Make

is

.

dB

3

Bandwidth

: dBm/nm

noise

N

NN

NN

NN

bw

,

and

then

sure that

value:

the

MKRBW: nm

record

and

,

BW

above

)

ASE

:

Calculate

h.

ASE

E

AS

(

on

dB

the

m

the

)

=

ASE

line

M

using

below:

R

K

noise

the

+

values

10

og

l

recorded

(

K

M

Integrt

R

the

dBm

log

ASE

of the

to



1

so that

to

the

0

Integrt

i. Subtract

to

the

1

power(dB)=Output P wr(dBm)0

j.

Press

the

Use

13.

broadband

the

determine

following

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

the ratio

line:

MKR BW On Off

following

power

equation

meter

measurement:

f actor

=10

wherexis the 1 power recorded in step

2-10

from

12h)

(step

two power

levels.

Integrt ASE(dBm

NNNNNNNNNN

N

Off

is underlined.

correction factor

calculate

narrow

the

band



1

x

10

10

+1

11i or 12i.

the

Output

Record

Pwr

the

result

on

12a)

(step

)

1 power: dB

the

for

optical

spectrum

analyzer

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

source spontaneous emission correction factor: dB

Total the correction

factors

Calculate

power

Measure

power

corrected

level

the

OSA

on

average

14. Power meters generally are calibrated with an open beam of light. By

simply using a ber adapter, they will measure the optical power in

the beam emerging from the ber end. This is lower than the power in

the ber by 3.6%. If you wish to have power measurements relative to

open-beam power emerging from the ber, enter a correction factor of

+0.16 dB. If you wish to have power measurements relative to power in

the ber, enter 0 dB.

correction factor: dB

sign

the

of

track

keep

to

sure

Be

14.

and

13

steps

.

recorded

result

the

SEARCH

and

,

5

SEARCH

and enter

5

,

from

enter

in

the

on

then

and

5

wavelength

a

then

and

5

a wavelength

total correction

15

step

following

corrected

4

TO

4

TO

the

to

line

CENTER

span

CENTER

span of

average

.

power

.

5

1

of

.

5

0

factor:

power

level:

nm.

nm.

recorded

in

dd

15. A

each number

dd

A

16.

Record

5.

Press

17.

Press

18.

Press

19.

20. Press

the

the

4

4

4

4

values

value

PEAK

AN

SP

PEAK

AN

SP

of

dB

step

dBm

21. Press

22.

23.

24.

25.

26. A

4

5

.

MENU

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press the left-side

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

LOG dB/DIV,415

.

scale

left-side

the

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

SWPTIME AutoMan

Amptd

N

N

NN

N

N

N

BW,Swp

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,and

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNN

softkey.

N

N

N

NN

N

N

,

NNNNNNNN

dB

to select a 1 dB logarithmic amplitude

softkey

.

NNNNN

4

5,4

5

1

, and then

0

s

.

djust the polarization controller to \peak" the trace displayed on the

optical spectrum analyzer

.

This sets the polarization for a maximum power reading.

2-11

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

27. Press

4

PEAK SEARCH

5

, and record the power level indicated by the marker:

maximum power: dBm

28. Press

415

.

29. Adjust the polarization controller to \dip" the trace displayed on the

optical spectrum analyzer to a minimum power value.

30. Record the absolute value of the 1 marker's power ratio on the following

line:

1 power: dBm

31. Use the values recorded in steps 27 and 30 to calculate the average

displayed

power

as

shown

in

following equation.

the

Record the

result

below:

er

pow

1

0

er

pow

N

N

N

N

N

N

softkey

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

controller

power level

NN

of

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

4

achieve

to

2

average

N

and

,

recorded

then

displayed

a

in

power:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

A METER

31.

step

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

On

Amplitude

N

N

N

N

N

Off

N

N

N

N

N

N

so

Meter

32.

33.

34.

er

av

Press

Press

that

Adjust

power

=

er

pow

e

ag

left-side

the

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

MORE 1

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

On

of

underlined.

is

the polarization

level equal

maximum

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

Amptd

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

,

4

to the

N

N

MORE 2

Ensuring amplitude accuracy

It is very important not to move the ber-optic cables during the remaining steps of this procedure.

2-12

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Enter the calibration

power and wavelength

35. Press the left-side

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

cal menu

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

cal setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Waveln

, and then

softkey. Then, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

POWER FOR CAL

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MORE 1 of 2

.

,

36. Use the numeric keypad to enter the corrected power level calculated in

step 16.

37.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

WAVELEN FOR CAL

Then, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

prev menu

. Enter the wavelength recorded in step 1.

and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL ALL

.

2-13

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

To calibrate an HP 71450A/1A

Ensuring amplitude accuracy

During this procedure, avoid moving the ber-optic cables whenever possible. Moving ber-optic cables

changes the polarization of the light which aects power measurements.

ROM

Determine

the

version

Measure the source

wavelength

polarization

a

and

version

enter

to

N

NN

service

The

.

or

meter

on

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

version

above,

in \T

controller

used

is

instrument.

the

Miscellaneous

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

softkeys

of

not

do

o calibrate

.

select

to

.

ROM

the

perform

which

menu.

is

this

the

following

The

11896A

HP

The

optical

The

calibration

Press

1.

2.

Press

3.

Press

upper

the

the ROM

If



procedure

procedure

is

spectrum

procedure

left-side

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

the

MORE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

ROM

right

.

requires

suggested

the

analyzer's

should

N

N

N

N

N

N

Misc

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

of

1

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

VERSION

corner

version is

Instead,

be

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

softkey

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

and then

3

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

softkey

of the

B.05.00

perform

power

a

polarization

ROM

performed

display.

the steps

spectrum analyzer" in this chapter.



If the ROM version is

B.04.04

or below, continue with this procedure.

4. Measure the wavelength of a precision single-mode laser using a

wavelength

laser

The

meter

must

Enter

.

have

wavelength

the

wavelength

a

in

between

600 to

1700

nm.

provided

space

the

the optical spectrum analyzer's monochromator is air lled, measure

the wavelength as in air

.

controller

displayed

optical

below

Because

.

in

.

2-14

wavelength: nm

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Measure the average

power

5. Connect the laser, polarization controller, and power meter as shown in

the following gure.

accurate

For

not

Do

procedure

measurements

disconnect

Maintaining

.

cable

this

or

1

2

cable

connection

from

ensures

the

laser

the

greatest

or polarization

measurement

controller

accurac

during

y

.

the

calibration

6. Adjust the polarization controller to achieve the maximum power reading

on the power meter. Record the power level on the following line:

maximum power: dBm

7.

djust

A

the

the

power

polarization

Record

.

meter

controller

power

the

achieve a

to

level on

minimum

following

the

power

line:

reading

on

minimum power: dBm

8. Calculate the average

7 using the following equation. Record

minimum power

averag e power

=

of the two power readings recorded in steps 6 and

the result below:

+

maximum power

2

2-15

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

average power: dBm

9. In the test setup, replace the power meter with the optical spectrum

analyzer as shown in the following gure. Be sure to use two cables and

an adapter to connect the optical spectrum analyzer to the polarization

controller.

10. Turn the laser on.

For accurate measurements

Do not disconnect cable 3 from the optical spectrum analyzer during or after the calibration procedure.

optical spectrum

your

since

,

y

or fusion

F

accurac

splice

measurements,

the

adapter

Maintaining this

analyzer will

be

replaced with

connection

calibrated

ber

a

splice

ensures

the

at

.

free

the

greatest

end

cable

of

measurement

3.

2-16

is

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Determine correction

factor for 0.2 nm RBW

11. Press

12. Press

13. Press

4

AUTO MEAS

4

AUTO ALIGN

4

RES BW

5

, and enter a 0.2 nm bandwidth.

5

to display the laser's response.

5

to align the optical spectrum analyzer.

14. Record the source amplitude on the following line:

power (0.2 nm RBW): dBm

15. Press

4

RES BW

5

, and enter a 0.5 nm bandwidth.

16. Record the source amplitude on the following line:

power (0.5 nm RBW): dBm

reading

the

from

16

step

17.

cor

N

This

Subtract

the result

ection

r

E

T

O

number

the

on the

actor

f

should be

reading

in

following line:

E

W

O

P

=

between 0

dB

R

0.2

and

step

nm

0

14

0.2

0

RB

dB

P

W

.

R

E

W

O

correction

step

16

factor:

in

step

14

and

record

dB

Determine correction

factor for source

spontaneous emission

18. Press

4

INSTR PRESET

5

.

19. If the instrument you are calibrating has the Option 051 personality,

perform the following steps:

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

a.

b.

Press

Press

4

5

USER

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

Output

and then

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

Test

c. Locate the peak of the spontaneous emission. A

N

to start

EDFA

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

the

personality

test

A

EDF

.

.

djust the wavelength

span so that, on either side of this peak, 10 dB of spontaneous

emmision

is visible.

2-17

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Span

d.

Use the

span.

adjusted

Press

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

Setup

4

SPAN

for

N

N

N

N

5

key along with the front-panel knob to change the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

START

levels.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.



proper

N

N

N

,

spontaneous

then

and

emmission

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

INTEGRT

N

N

2-18

e.

Use the

front-panel knob

to

left-integration

the

move

left edge of the display.

f.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

INTEGRT STOP, and use the front-panel knob to move the

right-integration marker to the right edge of the display.

marker

to

the

g.

Press

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Measure

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Amplr

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

measurement

the

When

h.

measurements

Integrt

power

two

ASE

ASE

levels

Integrt

and

Pwr

Subtract the

i.

of the

ratio

1

power(dB)=Output P wr(dBm)0

completed,

is

Integrt

the

from

Record

.

Integ rt AS E(dBm

record

the

on

Output

Output

the

the

following

Pwr

ASE

Pwr

result

displayed

:

:

determine

to

the

on

)

Output

lines:

the

following

1 power: dB

20. If the instrument you are calibrating does not contain the Option 051

personality,

a. Record

b. Press

4

NORMAL On/O

perform

value

the

following

the

signal

the

of

5

, and use the front-panel knob to place the

steps:

peak

following

the

on

Output Pwr

line:

:

marker on the maximum level of the spontaneous emission spectrum.

dBm

dBm

line:

dBm

2-19

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

c.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

Marker

NNNNNNNN

On

is underlined.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

MORE 1 of 4

, and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MKNOISE On Off

d. Record the marker value on the following line:

MKR

e.

f.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

MKNOISE On Off

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

MORE 2 of 4

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MKR BW On Off

so that

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

mkr bw/ zoom bw

so that

NNNNNNNN

On

is underlined. Make sure that the

NNNNNNNNNNN

Off

noise

is underlined.

, and then

marker bandwidth is set to03dB.

Record the

g.

displayed

Marker

Bandwidth

value:

MKRBW: nm

og

l

recorded

(

K

M

)

R

W

B

Calculate

h.

ASE

E

AS

(

on

dB

the

m

the

)

=

ASE

line

M

using

below:

R

K

noise

the

+

values

10

Integrt

the

from

12i)

(step

ratio

ASE

of

the

two

power

levels

Subtract

i.

to

the

the

determine

following

Integrt

the

line:

so that

: dBm/nm

record the

and

,

above

:

ASE

Output

Record

.

Pwr

the

(step

result

dBm

12a)

on

Output

=

)

dB

(

er

pow

1

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

j.

N

Press

MKR BW On Off

Pw

power:

1

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

so that

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

Off

is underlined.

)

m

dB

(

E

AS

t

r

nteg

I

0

)

m

dB

(

r

21. Use the following equation to calculate the correction factor for the

broadband power meter to the narrow band optical spectrum analyzer

measurement:

actor

f

=

10



og

l

0

1

10

10

x



1

+1

wherexis the 1 power recorded in step 19i or 20i.

source spontaneous emission correction factor: dB

2-20

dB

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Total the correction

factors

Calculate

power

Measure

power

corrected

level

the

OSA

on

average

22. Power meters generally are calibrated with an open beam of light. By

simply using a ber adapter, they will measure the optical power in

the beam emerging from the ber end. This is lower than the power in

the ber by 3.6%. If you wish to have power measurements relative to

open-beam power emerging from the ber, enter a correction factor of

+0.16 dB. If you wish to have power measurements relative to power in

the ber, enter 0 dB.

correction factor: dB

23. Add the values from steps 17, 21, and 22. Be sure to keep track of the

sign of each number.

factor:

step

power

recorded

in

level:

.

nm.

1

of

.

nm.

0

of

dd

A

24.

Record

8.

Press

25.

Press

26.

Press

27.

28. Press

the

4

4

4

4

value

PEAK

AN

SP

PEAK

AN

SP

the

SEARCH

and

,

5

SEARCH

and

5

,

recorded

on

result

and

5

enter

and

5

enter

23

step

in

following

the

corrected

4

then

TO

wavelength

a

4

then

TO

wavelength

a

total

to

CENTER

CENTER

correction

average

the

.

line

power

5

span

5

span

dB

dBm

29. Press

30.

31.

4

MENU

the

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

LOG dB/DIV,415

5

.

left-side

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

Amptd

N

N

N

N

N

NN

softkey

,and

.

NNNNNNNN

dB

to select a 1 dB logarithmic amplitude

scale.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

32. Press the left-side

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

33.

34. A

N

Press

SWPTIME

djust the polarization controller

optical spectrum analyzer

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

BW,Swp

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

AutoMan

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

,

.

softkey.

4

4

,

5

5

1

0

,

and

then

to \peak" the trace displayed on the

This sets the polarization for a maximum power reading.

35. Press

4

PEAK SEARCH

5

record the power level indicated by the marker:

,and

N

N

N

N

N

.

s

2-21

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

maximum power: dBm

36. Press

415

.

37. Adjust the polarization controller to \dip" the trace displayed on the

optical spectrum analyzer to a minimum power value.

38. Record the absolute value of the 1 marker's power ratio on the following

line:

1 power: dBm

39. Use the values recorded in steps 35 and 38 to calculate the average

displayed power as shown in the following equation. Record the result

below:

power

1

0

er

pow

N

N

NN

NN

softkey

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

2

controller

power

N

N

N

N

N

N

of

level

.

N

N

N

NN

N

4

to

average

N

N

and

,

achieve

recorded

2

N

N

then

A

a displayed

in step

power:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

METER

N

On

Off

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Amplitude Meter

39.

N

N

N

N

so

40.

41.

42.

aver

Press

Press

that

djust

A

power

age

the

N

N

MORE

N

N

N

N

N

On

N

NN

N

N

N

N

the

level

power

left-side

N

of

1

underlined.

is

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

polarization

equal

=

maximum

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Amptd

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

,

4

the

to

N

N

N

N

N

MORE

Ensuring

amplitude

accuracy

It is very important not to move the ber-optic cables during the remaining steps of this procedure.

2-22

Performing Measurements

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer

Enter the calibration

power and wavelength

43. Press the left-side

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

cal menu

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

cal setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Waveln

, and then

softkey. Then, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

POWER FOR CAL

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MORE 1 of 2

.

,

44. Use the numeric keypad to enter the corrected power level calculated in

step 24.

45.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

WAVELEN FOR CAL

Then, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

prev menu

. Enter the wavelength recorded in step 4.

and then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL ALL

.

2-23

Running a Test

Each testing mode displays messages that guide you through the correct

measurement sequence. Generally, the source's output is measured, and then

the amplier's output is measured. (The exception is the Output Test which

does not measure the source.) You can disable these prompts at any time by

pressing

obscures the view of the trace, remove the prompt by pressing

Using the EDFA TDE personality requires the following test setup.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PROMPT On Off

so that

NNNNNNNNNNN

Off

is underlined. If a prompt message

4

HOLD

5

.

2-24

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

Set the laser for the

desired average power

level

The EDFA TDE personality measures the average ASE power level resulting

from a modulated laser's average power. Before you begin testing an EDFA,

determine the average power level of the laser input desired for your

application. Next, set the test laser's unmodulated power level 3 dB higher

than this level. For example, if the modulated laser's power into the amplier

is010 dBm, set your test laser's output power to07 dBm. When modulated

at the 50% duty cycle, the test laser's power will be equal to the level used in

your application.

The following gure shows the timing required to measure the average ASE

value from an input laser saturating the EDFA. The laser is modulated at a 25

kHz rate and 50% duty cycle. In this example, the laser's average power is

dBm

8

0

the data

laser's o

the gure

in

see

decreases

and

average

the

.

laser

dBm

8

0

(

s after

10



cycle and

when the

ASE

=

, the

level

dBm

5

0

the laser

in the

region where

power

ASE

laser turns

for the

3

0

turned

is

given

dB).

level

on.

The

o.

the

increases

Measuring

average

optical

This

ASE

input

spectrum

point

varies

when

the

power

analyzer samples

way

half

is

laser

of

.

is

10

at

modulated

the

linearly

the

ASE

through

you

As

turned

provides

s



the

can

o

Measurement timing diagram.

2-25

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

To perform a single wavelength test

The following measurements are made in this test:



Wavelength



EDFAgain



Noise gure



Input power



Output power



Input S/N

A S/N



EDF



Integrated

ASE

Procedure

Connect

1.

shown in

cables that

will be

from the

On HP

labeled

the

triggering

and

70950B/1B/2B

the

output

the

following

the

were

when

used

or

laser

71450B/2B

OPTICAL

connector

input

requires

maximum

a

71450B/1B/2B

HP

the

of

in

used

EDF

the

optical

optical

INPUT

is

a

+5V

of

modules

the

to

laser

adapter

The

.

gure

calibration

the

inserted.

is

A

spectrum

analyzer

spectrum

71451B

HP

On

.

labeled

MONOCHROMATOR

TTL-compatible

more information

or

F

.

\Triggering

to

refer

,

Optical

Spectrum

optical

allows

procedure

not

Do

during

analyzers

optical

signal

Analyzers

you

These

.

analyzer

use

to

same

spectrum

disconnect

test.

the

connector

input

the

,

spectrum analyzers

External

.

INPUT

minimum

a

with

on triggering

Sweeps" in

Chapter 2

User's Guide

the

these

of 0V

the

as

same

cables

cables

is

,

HP

of

.

2-26

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

2.

3.

Turn

Do

Press

a.

on

the

the laser

following

the

.

steps

front-panel

to congure

4

VELENGTH

A

W

the

5

wavelength.

b.

c.

d.

Press

Press

oggle

T

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Power

the

OUTPUT

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Mod/CW

NN

N

N

the

Freq

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

(frequency is

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

to

N

N

N

N

NN

WER

PO

turn the

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

/

Power

selected).

N

N

N

N

N

and

,

key

5

modulation

softkey

so

4

e. Enter a modulation value of 25 kHz.

4. On the optical spectrum analyzer, press

5.

Press

4

USER

5

and

then

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDFA_TD

to

start

8168A/B/C

HP

and

,

key

the

enter

on.

the

that

4

AUTO MEAS

EDF

the

enter

source

softkey

5

.

TDE

A

laser:

the desired

.

power

label reads

personality

.

2-27

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

6.

7.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

SingleTest

Enter

the

spectrum

the

erform

P

optical

a.

following

analyzer:

4

5

ART

ST

.

you

if

steps

wavelength.

need

change the

to

tuning

range

of

the

4

the

Enter

8.

b.

c.

HOLD

4

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

Measure Source

STOP

.

5

wavelength.

5

.

The EDFA TDE personality measures the signal and noise levels at the

end of the sweep.

2-28

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

9.

Allow at least one complete measurement cycle. Then, press

source.

laser

the

Measurement

of

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DONE

.

Using

Until

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

you

N

N

the

NN

N

press

NN

NN

\SINGLE

N

NN

SWEEP"

N

N

N

N

N

the

DONE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SINGLE SWEEP

measurement. For each measurement,

and

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

softke

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

and

CONT SWEEP

y

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

continuously

test

the

,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SINGLE SWEEP

measures

the

The

signal.

input

softkeys allow you to manually step through a

must be pressed three times. The rst

SWEEP" softkeys

\CONT

press measures the wavelength using a smoothed peak in a wide wavelength span (indicated by a blue

line). The second press measures the amplitude of the smoothed peak in a narrow wavelength span.

The third press measures the noise at wavelength of the signal in a wide wavelength span (indicated

line).

red

ya

b

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

The

N

CONT

SWEEP

softke

ygives

you

the

ability

to

return

automated

to

testing.

2-29

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

10. Remove the adapter, and connect the EDFA as shown in the following

gure.

11.

2-30

Press

display

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

Measure

all

lists

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

NN

N

N

N

N

Amplfr

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

After

measurement

the

results

rst

complete

top

the

at

sweep occurs

screen.

the

of

,

the

12.

When

you

are

nished

with

measuring

the

amplier

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

press

,

DONE

.

2-31

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

To perform a multi wavelength test

The following procedure is meant to be used with an

HP 8168A/B/C tunable laser source. Other sources can be used as

explained in the procedure. In this example, the following settings are used:

Procedure

Start wavelength

Stop wavelength

Step size

::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :

:::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::::::: ::::

::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::::::: :::::

These settings are for example only.You can use any valid range.

source

in

be

from

INPUT

laser

following

the

that

used

the

the

,

spectrum

were

when

laser

input

.

used

or

connector

analyzers

output

Connect

1.

optical

The

the

spectrum

adapter

allows

calibration procedure

is inserted.

Do

spectrum analyzer

On HP

labeled

input

71450B/2B

OPTICAL

connector

of

analyzer's

you

.

disconnect

not

.

optical

INPUT

labeled

is

8168A/B/C

HP

the

input

the

use

to

same

These

these

spectrum

On

.

MONOCHROMATOR

HP

shown

as

same

cables

cables

analyzers

71451B

tunable

cables

will

optical

to

gure

in

the

optical

1540 nm

1560 nm

2nm

the

.

the

A

EDF

is

the

,

2-32

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

Select the test

2. Press

3. Press

Do

4.

rate:

4

5

and then

USER

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MultiTest

following

the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDFA_TD

.

steps to

to start the EDFA TDE personality.

modulate the

8168A/B/C

HP

laser

at

kHz

25

a

the

a.

b.

Press

Press

4

OUTPUT PO

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Mod/CW

WER

N

N

N

N

N

N

to turn the modulation on (

displayed).

c.

Toggle the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Power

Enter

d.

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

Freq

.

modulation

a

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

/

Power

value

5. On the HP 8168A/B/C, press

wavelength settings

step

. In this case 1540 nm, 1560 nm, and 2 nm

respectively.

6. Turn the laser on.

7. On the HP 8168A/B/C, press

.

key

5

POWER

and

FREQ

are

softkey so that the softkey label reads

kHz.

of 25

N

N

N

N

NN

N



-Sweep

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Manual

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

, and enter the

start, stop

,and

NNNNNN

.

2-33

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

8. On the optical spectrum analyzer, enter the start and stop wavelength

settings:

4

5

START

4

STOP

NOTE

The start wavelength should be visible on the optical spectrum anayzer's display. In relatively narrow

spans, as in this example, set the span slightly wider than the laser's tuning range. This ensures that

the start and stop wavelengths can be identied during testing.

:::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::

5

:::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::

1539 nm

1561 nm

9. On the optical spectrum analyzer

2-34

, press

4

HOLD

5

.

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

Measure the source

10. Press the left-side

Measure Source

softkey.

11. Repeat the following steps for each wavelength to be measured:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

a.

b.

c.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

TAKE SWEEP

Wait until the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

Next

on the optical spectrum analyzer.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TAKE SWEEP

softkey is no longer highlighted.

on the HP 8168A/B/C to tune the laser to the next

wavelength.

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

FF

FF

FF

F

F

F

TAKE SWEEP

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

pressed. First wavelength measured.

test

Restarting

ou

Y

clears an

the

testing

restart

can

y previously measured data points.

at an

wavelengths

All

pressing

and

laser

resetting

y

b

time

y

the

measured.

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

Measure

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

Source

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

This

.

2-35

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

12. Press

Using the \SINGLE SWEEP" and \CONT SWEEP" softkeys

When you press

signal. The

To characterize a wavelength manually,

DONE

after all the wavelengths are captured.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TAKE SWEEP

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SINGLE SWEEP

, a measurement routine takes three sweeps to characterize the

softkey allows you to manually step through each of these sweeps.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SINGLE SWEEP

must be pressed three times. The rst

press measures the wavelength using a smoothed peak in a wide wavelength span (indicated byablue

line). The second press measures the amplitude of the smoothed peak in a narrow wavelength span.

(indicated

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

routine

span

repeats

press

third

The

red

a

y

b

the

When

continuously until

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

TAKE

13. On

the HP

press

line).

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

CONT

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SWEEP

noise

measures

o

T

N

N

NN

the

automated

to

return

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

SWEEP

N

N

N

N

N

N

SINGLE SWEEP

N

NN

softke

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

8168A/B/C,

N

NN

at

y

N

N

N

N

N

N

press

wavelength

testing,

pressed,

is

N

N

N

N

N

N

is pressed.

N

press

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Stop

of

the

N

N

N

N

N

and

signal

the

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

TAKE

three-sweep

return

o

T

then

wide

a

in

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SWEEP

measurement

automated

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Manual

N

N

N

N

N

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

wavelength

testing,

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

14.

2-36

Remove

.

gure

the

adapter

,

and

connect

the

EDF

shown

as

A

in the

following

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

Measure

the

amplier

15.

16.

N

N

N

N

Press

Measure

Repeat

a.

Press

b.

ait

W

c.

Press

wavelength.

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

N

N

N

TAKE

until

N

N

N

Next

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

Amplfr

following

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

SWEEP

the

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

on

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

TAKE

the

N

NN

N

N

N

steps

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

HP

N

N

N

.

for

the

on

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

SWEEP

8168A/B/C

each

optical

N

N

N

N

softkey

wavelength

spectrum

longer highlighted.

is no

tune

to

to

analyzer

laser

the

measured:

be

.

to the

next

2-37

F

F

F

F

F

F

TAKE

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

SWEEP

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

pressed.

First

wavelength

measured.

All wavelengths

measured.

the

Display

measurement

results

test

Restarting

ou

Y

clears

17. Press

Press

18.

19.

Press the right-side

20. Select

the

at

testing

restart

can

y

an

previously

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNN

DONE

N

Display

measured

after all the wavelengths are captured.

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Data

from one of the displayed softkeys to view a trace of measurement

data versus wavelength. F

21.

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

AUTO

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SCALE

2-38

y

b

time

y

an

points.

data

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

to

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

view traces

N

N

N

N

data select

resetting

N

the

of

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

softkey.

or this example

measurement

, press

pressing

and

laser

to automatically scale the traces

N

Measure

Amplfr

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

data.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NNNNNNN

GAIN and NF

.

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

This

.

NNN

.

Gain

and

noise

gure

versus

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

wavelength.

matches

Color

that

Notice

22. If you want to manually scale the display, use

trace

measurement

the

values

change

color to

match the

displa

the

of

color

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

LOG dB/DIV

yed

measurement

and

front-panel knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to enter a new value.

23. Press

4

NORMAL ON/OFF

marker

.

display shows

The

5

, and turn the front-panel knob to move the

marker

the

the

data

measured

at

.

trace

. Use the

wavelength.

2-39

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

To perform an output test

During the output test, the source is not characterized. The measurements

performed include the following:



Output wavelength and power



Output noise



Output signal-to-noise ratio

Procedure

1. Connect the system with the EDFA to the optical spectrum analyzer as

HP

an

shown

in

the

following

gure

.

The

suggested

pulse

generator

is

8112A.

71450B/2B

HP

On

labeled

OPTICAL

input connector

optical

INPUT

labeled

is

spectrum

71451B

HP

On

.

MONOCHROMATOR

analyzers

optical

the

,

spectrum

INPUT

input

.

connector

analyzers

is

,

the

2-40

Performing Measurements

2. Turn on the laser.

3. Do the following steps to congure the HP 8168A/B/C laser:

Running a Test

a. Press the front-panel

4

WAVELENGTH

5

key, and enter the desired

wavelength.

b. Press the

c.

Press

d.

Toggle the

4

OUTPUT POWER

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Mod/CW

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Freq

5

key, and enter the source power.

to turn the modulation on.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

/

Power

softkey so that the softkey label reads

(frequency is selected).

e. Enter

Press

4.

5.

Press

6.

Press

P

7.

optical

a.

b.

c.

8.

Press

4

4

N

erform

Enter

Enter

Press

N

a modulation

MEAS

AUTO

and

5

USER

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

Output

following

the

spectrum

4

the

ST

4

the

STOP

4

5

HOLD

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

Measure

N

N

N

N

Test

ART

.

NN

NN

value

the

on

5

N

N

then

EDFA_TD

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

.

steps

analyzer:

wavelength.

5

wavelength.

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

Amplfr

optical

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

After the

.

spectrum analyzer

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

if

you

to

start

need

rst complete

the

to

EDF

change

.

TDE

A

the

sweep

personality

tuning

occurs

kHz.

25

of

display lists all the measurement results at the top of the screen.

range

the

,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Power

.

the

of

Restarting the test

restart

can

ou

Y

previously

y

an

clears

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

9.

DONE

testing

an

at

measured

y resetting

b

time

y

points.

data

the

pressing

and

laser

after all the wavelengths are captured.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Measure

Source

.

2-41

This

Performing Measurements

Running a Test

Using the \SINGLE SWEEP" and \CONT SWEEP" softkeys

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Until you press the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SINGLE SWEEP

measurement. For each measurement,

DONE

softkey, the test continuously measures the input signal. The

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

and

CONT SWEEP

softkeys allow you to manually step through a

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SINGLE SWEEP

must be pressed three times. The rst

press measures the wavelength using a smoothed peak in a wide wavelength span (indicated byablue

line). The second press measures the amplitude of the smoothed peak in a narrow wavelength span.

The third press measures the noise at wavelength of the signal in a wide wavelength span (indicated

by a red line).

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

The

CONT

SWEEP

softke

y

gives

you

the ability

to return

to automated

testing.

2-42

wavelength

The

calculated

is

value

Conguring the Program

This section explains some of the features available with the Setup menu.

The Setup menu allows you to congure the following parameters:



Change the noise bandwidth.



Display noise values instead of signal-to-noise values.



Change vertical amplitude scale.



Dene the calculation for signal wavelength.



Adjust the noise integration window.

signal-to-noise

A

EDF

and

Normally,

values.

the measurement

Using the

displayed instead.

logarithmic

per

dB

signal's

The

can designate

ou

Y

wavelength

peak

signal

excursion

amplitude

division to

wavelength value

by

excursion

wavelength

amplitude

changing

value

results display

Setup menu,

In addition,

For

scale.

division.

per

5dB

is

"

the

in

amplitude

peak-excursion

the

this

average

which

oset.

you can

the Setup

example

calculated

is

points

manual.)

the

of

input

change

this

menu allows

could

you

,

the

as

included

are

value

shown

As

wavelength

that

so

you

change

center

of

in

(Refer

.

the following

in

values

values

noise

change

to

scale

the

signal.

the

determining

o change

\T

to

gure

the peak

at

the

from

the

,

are

10

the

2-43

Performing Measurements

Conguring the Program

where:



1



2

2-44

equal

the

is

amplitude

in

wavelength

to

the

to

signal

the left

peak

side of

minus

the signal

peak

the

peak that

excursion

is

value

.

is the wavelength to the right side of the signal peak that is equal

in amplitude to the signal peak minus the peak excursion value.

Performing Measurements

Conguring the Program

Integration range is

adjustable

the

change

can

ou

Y

bandwidth

noise

The

Integrt ASE

measurement is the result of integrating the noise between

the start and stop integration wavelengths. These two wavelengths are

identied by trace markers. The default integration points are set to the

optical spectrum analyzer's start and stop sweep settings.You can change the

integration window using the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

INTEGRT STARTand

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

INTEGRT STOP



softkeys.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

The Setup menu's

N

INTEGRT On Off

softkey allows you to turn integration

on or o. If integration is turned o, asterisks are displayed in place of

measurement values. If integration is turned o during a MultiTest, the

program sets the

Integrt ASE

value to0100 dBm at each wavelength. If

you display the ASE trace, it will also be at0100 dBm.

measurement

ratio

S/N

EDFA

Chapter

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NOISE

the

to

4

Use

.

default

The

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

Test

,

is underlined.

learn

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

Single

how

N

N

N

N

N

NOISE

value

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N



the

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

Test

NN

is

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

BW

1

N

N

N

N

N

Noise

N

N

N

N

N

N

softkey

nm.

N

N

N

N

N

,or

BW

to

noise

The

results

value

change

display

o

T

1.

From

N

N

N

N

N

N

Multi

2.

Press

3.

Press

bandwidth

the

to

Refer

.

each

normalized

the

to

relates

noise

N

N

N

N

Test

N

N

N

N

N

Menu, press

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

the Main

N

NN

NN

NN



NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Setup

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DISPLAY NoiseSN

aects

)

Noise

(

equations

of

BW

measurements

these

in

bandwidth value

values

N

N

N

N

NN

N

Output

so that

2-45

Performing Measurements

Conguring the Program

To change the amplitude scale

1.

From the Main Menu, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MultiTest

Press

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LOG dB/DIV

2.

3.

.

and then

.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Output Test

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MORE 1 of 2

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

SingleTest

.

,or

4. Use the knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to enter the desired amplitude

.

scale

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Test

N

N

N

N

N

2

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

value

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

,

Single

N

Test



or

,

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

T

1.

2.

3.

o

From

N

N

N

Multi

Press

Press

change

the

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N



N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

Setup

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

PEAK

the

Main

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Test

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

EXCURSN

Menu,

N

N

N

N

N

.

and

N

N

N

N

N

NN

peak

then

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

excursion

N

press

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

MORE

N

N

.

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Output

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

of

1

4. Use the knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to enter the peak excursion

value that is used to calculate the signal wavelength.

2-46

To change the noise bandwidth

Performing Measurements

Conguring the Program

1.

From the Main Menu, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MultiTest

Press

Press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NOISE BW

2.

3.

.

.

, and use the knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to enter

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Output Test

the noise bandwidth.

normalize

now

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

.

N

N

N

N

NN

will

to

ASE

Menu,

N

N

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

START

bandwidth.

this

integration

press

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

NN

N

N

N

and

,



N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Output

use

N

N

N

N

The

measurements

change

o

T

1.

From

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Multi

2.

Press

3.

Press

instrument

Main

the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

Test



N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

Setup

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

INTEGRT

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

to enter the integration's start wavelength.

4.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

INTEGRT STOP, and use the knob, step keys, or numeric keypad

to enter the integration's end wavelength.

5.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Press

INTEGRT

On Off

so

that

NNNNNNNN

On

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

SingleTest

noise

all

window

N

Test

the

knob

N

N

N

N

N

,

Single

step

,

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

is underlined.

,or

and signal-to-noise

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N



,

keys

Test

numeric

or

,

or

keypad

2-47

Performing Measurements

Conguring the Program

3

Programming

Programming

This chapter documents the programming commands for the EDFATDE

personality.EDFA TDE commands can be called from programs in the

same manner as any optical spectrum analyzer command. For information

on building and running programs, refer to the

Spectrum Analyzers Programmer's Guide

HP 71450B/1B/2B Optical

.

3-2

Programming

Chapter Contents

Introduction

Commands by Functional Group

Softkeys versus Commands

Commands in Alphabetical Order

::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: :::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: :::::

::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

:::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::

3-4

3-7

3-10

3-12

3-3

Introduction

Finding a command is

easy

Some optical spectrum

analyzer

commands

are

used

Send commands as

ASCII strings

There are two ways of locating an EDFA TDE remote programming command.

First, you can use the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

HELP On Off

softkey to display a Help menu that

lists an equivalent programming command. The second method of locating a

command is to refer to the command listings in this chapter.

The following table lists EDFA TDE functions that should be controlled using

optical spectrum

TDE programming

EDFA

Optical Spectrum

analyzer commands

command.

Analyzers

Programmer's

These

.

Refer

functions

the

to

Guide

have

71450B/1B/2B

HP

information

for

on

these

equivalent

no

commands.

mode

Commands

.

mode

.

scale

value

Command

CONTS

SNGLS

.

.

G

L

MKPX

EDF

Softkey

SWEEP

CONT

SINGLE

OG dB/DIV

L

EXCURSN

PEAK

TDE

A

SWEEP

Optical

Selects

Selects

Changes

Sets

Spectrum

Denition OSA

continuous

single

sweep

sweep

logarithmic amplitude

excursion

peak

marker

Analyzer

EDFA TDE commands are sent to the optical spectrum analyzer as ASCII

strings. The method used depends on the programming language and

environment. Using an HP Vectra computer with the HP-IB Interface and

Command Library (and programming inC), send a command as follows:

Query responses

iooutputs(723L, "EDFA_TD_ AA", 11);

Series

9000

HP

an

Using

command

same

the

OUTPUT 723;"EDFA_TD_

Some EDF

A TDE commands can be issued as a

would

300

be

technical

as

sent

AA;"

computer

follows:

the HP-B

with

query. A query causes data

ASIC

to be returned to the computer from the optical spectrum analyzer

data is returned as an ASCII string. For example,the

EDFA_TD_ YA?

3-4

language

. The

query

,

Programming

Introduction

to

How

diagrams

read

syntax

might return the string

1.550000E-006

representing 1550 nanometers. The

following syntax diagram shows the form of a query response.

Querying traces in MultiTests results in a string of ASCII numbers

separated by commas.You must allocate enough memory to hold all the data.

For the default trace length of 800 measurement points, you should allocate at

.

bytes

6500

least

following

the

Syntax

gure

diagrams

.

represent

commands pictorially

as shown

in



Characters

must be entered



Characters enclosed by a circle are separators or terminators and must be

enclosed by

exactly as shown

an oval

are commands

.

and

arguments

their

entered as shown.



Syntax-diagram elements are connected by solid and dotted lines.Any

proper

the

elements

correct

is

of

combination

direction

In the syntax diagrams

following table

in the

generated

syntactically

by

Solid-line

.

following

the lines

paths are

, numbers and units are expressed in the forms shown

.

in

recommended.

and

3-5

Programming

Introduction

Syntax Diagram Elements

Syntax Component Denition/Range

number

output termination

units

Expressed as integer, decimal, or in exponential (E) form.

Real Number Range:61.797,693,134,862,315210

Up to 15 signicant gures allowed.

Numbers may be as small as62.225,073,858,507,202210

308

, including 0.

-308

Integer Number Range:032,768 through +32,767

Line feed (LF) with end-or-identify (EOI) condition. ASCII code 10 (line feed)

is sent via HP-IB, with the end-or-identify control line on HP-IB set to

transmission.

the

of

end

the

indicate

units.

scientic

Units:

Units:

avelength

standard

Units: DB

Units:

Units:

,DBM,

A,

HZ,

S,

ANG,

MA,

KHZ,

MS,

KM,

UA

US,

MW

MHZ,

SC

NM,

,

NW

GHZ,

UM,

W

,

UW

,

PW

,

GZ

MZ,

KZ,

PM

Represent

Amplitude

Current

Frequency

Time

W

3-6

Commands by Functional Group

Commands by Functional Group

Softkey/Function Programming

Denition

Command

Starting the Personality

EDFATD EDFATD Starts EDFA TDE personality.

Amplitude Scale:

AUTO SCALE EDFATD B Automatically scales the displayed data.

.

BW

left

right

Noise

value

integration

integration

.

value

bandwidth

guide

.

guide.

dB/DIV

OG

L

Control:

Prompt

O

T

PROMP

On

T

PROMP

Measurement

Integrt

On

T

INTEGR

O

T

INTEGR

AR

ST

T

INTEGR

OP

ST

T

INTEGR

Noise

NOISE

PEAK

BW

BW

EXCURSN

Parameters:

BW



T



G

L

EDFATD JB T

EDFATD JA T

Refer

urns

urns

EDFATD YL? Queries

EDFATD NA T

EDFATD NB T

urns

urns

TDE WLL Sets

TDE WLR Sets

EDFATD Y

J?

Queries

EDFANBW Enters

MKPX Refer

programmer's

OSA

to

o.

prompts

on.

prompts

Integrt

integration

integration o.

queries

and

queries

and

Noise

queries

and

programmer's

OSA

to

on.

the

the

BW

Menu Control:

data select EDFATD AJ Displays \data select" menu.

Display Data EDFATD AI Displays \Display Data" menu.

DISPLAY NoiseSN EDFATD VA Displays \Noise" values.

DISPLAY NoiseSN EDFATD VX Displays \S/N" values.

measurement

DONE EDFATD D Stops the

acquisition

of

wavelength

wavelength

.

value

data.

value

value.

.

3-7

Programming

Commands by Functional Group

Commands by Functional Group (continued)

Softkey/Function Programming

Denition

Command

Menu Control

continued

:

EXIT EDFATD Q Quits the EDFA TDE personality.

HELP On Turns help menu on.

HELP O Turns help menu o.

Main Menu EDFATD AA Displays the \Main" menu.

Measure Amplfr EDFATD AF Starts amplier measurements.

Measure Source EDFATD AC Starts source measurements.

softke

est.

T



T



of

of

page

menu.

est.

T

est.

Gain

S/N

Pwr

S/N

ASE

Figure

Pwr

value.

value

value

value

softke

.

value

value

value.

of 2

MORE 1

MORE

Output

2

of

2

est

T

EDFATD F Selects the

EDFATD F Selects

EDFATD GA Selects

Setup EDFATD AB Displa

Test



Single

est

T



Multi

at

Data

Query

Gain

EDFA

S/N

EDFA

Input

Input

Integrt

Noise

Output

Pwr

S/N

ASE

Figure

Pwr

Wavelength

EDFATD GB Selects

EDFATD GC Selects

Marker:

EDFATD YF? Queries

EDFATD YI? Queries

EDFATD Y

EDFATD Y

EDFATD YK? Queries

EDFATD YE? Queries

EDFATD YD? Queries

EDFATD YA? Queries

C?

Queries

G?

Queries

next page

next

the

Output

\Setup"

the

ys

Single

Multi

EDFA

EDFA

Input

Input

Integrt

Noise

Output

Wavelength

Query Traces (MultiTest):

EDFA Gain

EDFA S/N

NF

EDFA

Input

Noise

Input Pwr

Input S/N

Integrt ASE

EDFAGAIN? Queries trace of

EDFASN? Queries trace of

EDFANF? Queries

IN NOISE? Queries

trace

trace

IN PWR? Queries trace

IN SN? Queries trace of

INTEGRTASE? Queries trace of

EDFA Gain

EDFA S/N

NF

EDFA

of

Input

of

of

Input Pwr

Noise

Input S/N

Integrt ASE

.

.

value

.

ys.

ys.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

3-8

Commands by Functional Group

Commands by Functional Group (continued)

Programming

Softkey/Function Programming

Denition

Command

Query Traces (MultiTest)

Output Noise

Output Pwr

continued

:

OUT NOISE? Queries trace of

OUT PWR? Queries trace of

Output Noise

Output Pwr

.

Trace Displaying (MultiTest):

EDFAS/N EDFATD CJ Displays trace of EDFA S/N.

GAIN EDFATD CB Displays trace of gain.

GAIN and NF EDFATD CA Displays traces of gain and noise gure.

POWER

INPUT

INTEGR

T ASE

1

EDFATD CD Displa

EDFATD CM Displa

NF EDFATD CC Displa

POWER

OUTPUT

Sweep

CONT

SINGLE

AKE

T

the

If

1

Control:

SWEEP

SWEEP

SWEEP

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

INTEGRT

F

F

F

EDFATD CE Displa

CONTS Refer

SNGLS Refer

EDFATD R Refer

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

FF

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

On

Off

F

F

F

F

F

softke

to

set

is

y

F

F

F

Off

F

ys trace

ys trace

trace

ys

trace

ys

to OSA

OSA

to

OSA

to

F

F

F

F

F

all

,

of input

integrated

of

noise

of

output

of

programmer's

programmer's

programmer's

measurement

ASE

gure

power

ASE.

.

guide

guide

guide

values

.

.

.

.

are

power.

dBm.

.

automatically

100

0

to

set

3-9

Softkeys versus Commands

Softkeys versus Commands

Softkey Equivalent

Denition

Programming Command

AUTO SCALE EDFATD B Automatically scales the displayed data.

CONT SWEEP CONTS Refer to OSA programmer's guide.

data select EDFATD AJ Displays \data select" menu.

DisplayData EDFATD AI Displays \Display Data" menu.

values.

(VX)

S/N

A

EDFA

TDE

A)

(V

of

TDE

of

of

or

of measurement

personality

S/N ratio

A

EDF

personality

Multi

in

gain

and

gain

.

noise

in Multi

.



testing.

gure

DISPLA

NoiseSN

Y

EDFATD V

EDF

A,

A

TD VX Displa

DONE EDFATD D Stops

A

EDF

EDF

S/N

A

EDFATD Starts

EDFATD CJ Displa

EXIT EDFATD Q Quits

GAIN EDFATD CB Displa

NF

and

GAIN

EDFATD CA Displa

noise

ys

the acquisition

EDF

trace

ys

the

trace

ys

traces

ys

testing.

O

HELP On

INPUT

INTEGR

INTEGR

POWER

ASE

T

TOn

O

| |

EDFATD CD Displa

EDFATD CM Displa

EDFATD NA,

EDFA

TD

urns integration

T

Multi

in

power

input

of

trace

ys

Multi

in

(NA)

ASE

(NB).

o

or

integrated

of

trace

ys

on

NB



T

ST

T

INTEGR

INTEGRTSTOP

AR

integration

left

TDE WLL Sets



TDE WLR Sets the right integration wavelength.

the

wavelength.

data.

in



testing.



Multi

testing.

testing.





3-10

Softkeys versus Commands (continued)

Programming

Softkeys versus Commands

Softkey Equivalent

Denition

Programming Command

LOG dB/DIV LG Refer to OSA programmer's guide.

Main Menu EDFATD AA Displays the \Main" menu.

Measure Amplfr EDFATD AF Starts amplier measurements.

Measure Source EDFATD AC Starts source measurements.

MORE 1 of 2 EDFATD F Selects the next page of softkeys.

MORE 2 of 2 EDFATD F Selects the next page of softkeys.

MultiTest EDFATD GC Selects MultiTest.

in

gure

of noise

urns

ys trace

S/N

a

trace

ys

OSA

to

prompts

the

ys

Single

OSA

to

bandwidth

output

of

Test.

programmer's

(JA)

on

menu.

\Setup"

est.

T



programmer's

value

power

or

o

.

guide

(JB).

guide

NF EDFATD CC Displa

BW

NOISE

OUTPUT

Output T

PEAK

PROMP

POWER

est

EXCURSN

On

T

O

EDFANBW Enters

EDFATD CE Displa

EDFATD GA Selects Output

MKPX Refer

A

EDFATD JA,

EDF

TD JB T

Setup EDFATD AB Displa

est

T



Single

SINGLE

SWEEP

EDFATD GB Selects

SNGLS Refer

Multi

in

.

.

Multi



testing.

testing.



3-11

Commands in Alphabetical Order

Commands in Alphabetical Order

Programming

Denition Softkey

Command

CONTS Refer to OSA programmer's guide. CONT SWEEP

EDFATD Starts EDFA TDE personality. EDFA

EDFATD AA Displays the \Main" menu. Main Menu

EDFATD AB Displays the \Setup" menu. Setup

measurements.

EDFATD AC Starts

EDFATD AF Starts

EDFATD AI Displa

EDFATD AJ Displa

source

amplier

\Displa

ys

\data

ys

EDFATD B Automatically

traces

EDFATD CA Displa

EDFATD CB Displa

EDFATD CC Displa

EDFATD CD Displa

EDFATD CE Displa

EDFATD CJ Displa

EDFATD CM Displa

EDFATD D Stops

ys

trace

ys

trace

ys

trace

ys

trace

ys

EDF

ys

trace

ys

the acquisition

measurements.

Data"

y

select"

scales

gain

of

gain

of

noise

of

input

of

output

of

bandwidth.

S/N

A

integrated

of

menu.

menu.

displa

the

and

Multi

in

gure

power

power

measurement

of

yed

noise

in

ASE



Multi

Multi

in

in Multi

in

data.

gure

testing.

Multi

in







data.

Multi

testing.

testing.

testing.

testing.





testing.

Measure

Measure

Displa

select

data

O

AUT

GAIN

GAIN

NF

INPUT

OUTPUT

A

EDF

INTEGR

DONE

Data

y

SCALE

and

POWER

S/N

T

Source

Amplfr

NF

POWER

ASE

3-12

Commands in Alphabetical Order

Commands in Alphabetical Order (continued)

Programming

Programming

Denition Softkey

Command

EDFATD F Selects the next page of softkeys. MORE 1 of 2

EDFATD GA Selects Output Test. Output Test

EDFATD GB Selects SingleTest. SingleTest

EDFATD GC Selects MultiTest. MultiTest

EDFATD JA Turns prompts on. PROMPTOn

EDFATD JB Turns prompts o. PROMPTO

EDFATD NA Turns integration on. INTEGRTOnO

A

A?

G?

J?

urns integration

EDF

the

\DISPLA

oggles

T

\DISPLA

oggles

Wavelength

Queries

Input

Output

Noise

EDFA

Input

Queries

EDFA

Noise BW

Queries

Integrt ASE

Integrt BW

EDFATD NB T

EDFATD Q Quits

EDFATD V

EDFATD VX T

EDFATD Y

EDFATD YC? Queries

EDFATD YD? Queries

EDFATD YE? Queries

EDFATD YF? Queries

EDFATD Y

EDFATD YI? Queries

EDFATD Y

EDFATD YK? Queries

EDFATD YL? Queries

EDFA TD GAIN? Queries trace of

o.

personality

TDE

A

NoiseSN"

Y

NoiseSN"

Y

Pwr

Pwr

Figure

Gain

S/N

value

S/N

value at

EDFA Gain

.

noise.

yto

softke

S/N.

to

y

softke

marker.

at the

value

marker

the

at

value

marker

the

at

value

the

at

value

marker

the

at

value

marker

the

at

value

marker

the

at

the marker

the marker

value at

value at the marker.

in MultiTesting.

.

.

marker

.

.

.

.

INTEGR

EXIT

DISPLA

DISPLA

.

.

TOn

NoiseSN

Y

NoiseSN

Y

O

3-13

Programming

Commands in Alphabetical Order

Commands in Alphabetical Order (continued)

Programming

Denition Softkey

Command

EDFANBW Enters a noise bandwidth value. NOISE BW

EDFA N BW? Queries S/N bandwidth value.

EDFA NF? Queries trace of

EDFASN? Queries trace of

Noise Figure

EDFA S/N

in MultiTesting.

in MultiTesting.

TDE WLL Sets the left integration wavelength. INTEGRTSTART

TDE WLL? Queries the left integration wavelength value.

TDE WLR Sets the right integration wavelength. INTEGRTSTOP

.

TDE WLR? Queries

the

IN NOISE? Queries trace

right

of

integration

measured

noise

wavelength

value

bandwidth

noise

true

in

(OSA

bandwidth).

esting.



Swept

in

true

Multi

noise

T

esting.

T





bandwidth

esting.

T

(OSA

OG

L

PEAK

dB/DIV

EXCURSN

IN PWR? Queries

trace

IN SN? Queries trace

Refer

trace

OSA

to

OSA

to

trace

INTEGRTASE? Queries

G

L

MKPX Refer

OUT NOISE? Queries

Input

of

of

Input

Integrt

of

programmer's

Pwr

S/N

guide

programmer's guide

measured

noise

of

in Multi

in

ASE

.

.

in

bandwidth).

esting.

T



Multi

in

OUT PWR? Queries trace

OSA

ake

to

three single

SNGLS Refer

EDFATD R T

Output

of

programmer's

sweeps. Refer

Pwr

guide

.

programmer's guide

to OSA

SWEEP

SINGLE

.

T

AKE

SWEEP





3-14

4

Reference

Reference

Chapter Contents

Menu Map

Error Messages

Measurement Calculations

EDFA Gain

EDFA Noise

EDFAS/N

Input

Input

Integrt

Integrt

Noise

Noise

Output

avelength

W

Characteristic

::::: ::::::::: ::::::: :::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::

:::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: :::::::: :::

::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::::: :::::::: ::::::

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:::::: ::::::::: :::::: ::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::: ::::::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

S/N

:

:

::

::

::

::

:

Pwr

:

::

::

::

::

:

ASE

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

W

B

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

W

B

::

:

:

:

:

:

:

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:

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:

:

Fig

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Pwr

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

Measurement

:::::: ::::::::: ::::::: :::::::: ::::::: :

:

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::

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::

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::

::

:

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:

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:

::

:

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::

::

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::

:

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::

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::

:

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::

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:

Uncertainty

:

4-3

4-4

4-5

4-5

4-6

4-7

4-8

:

:

:

:

:

:

4-9

:

:

:

:

:

:

4-10

:

:

:

:

:

4-11

:

:

:

:

:

4-11

:

:

:

:

:

4-12

:

:

:

:

:

4-12

:

:

:

:

:

4-13

:

:

:

:

:

4-14

:

::

:

:

4-2

Menu Map

4-3

error 111

Error Messages

This section denes error messages for the EDFA test personality. Error

messages not dened in this section originate with the HP 70950B/1B/2B

module and are documented in the

Analyzers Reference

.

HP 71450B/1B/2B Optical Spectrum

Error messages can result from incorrect operating procedures, illegal

programming commands, or hardware failures. Normally, the optical

spectrum analyzer removes error messages from the screen as soon as the

messages

error

conditions

error

can be

retrieved via

HP 71450B/1B/2B

the

Memory

perform

,

objects

menus

in

to

on

Error:

and

,

the

learn

of

information

EDFA

memory

Erase



user

memory

Guide

corrected.

are

HP-IB by

Optical Spectrum

command.

ERR?

program

The

following:

the

following

the

downloadable

71450B/1B/2B

HP

erase

to

how

have

you

If

executing the

Analyzers Programmer's

run

has

from

types

programs

Optical

objects

these

computer

a

ERR?

out

memory: saved

Refer

.

Spectrum

.

,

command.

free

of

to the

Analyzers

Refer

memory

traces

chapter

Guide

T

.

,

on

User's

the

to

for

free

o

limit

managing

lines

,

error 112

error 116

Noise

EDFA

calculation

.

values

Figure

than

less

zero

EDFA Command Error:

<

Error:

0

.V

Invalid

alid noise

data

gure results

are always

resulted

has

An unrecognized argument has been used with

in

positive

gure

noise

a

the programming command. Refer to Chapter 3 for the correct use of the

command.

4-4

Measurement Calculations

The following calculations describe each measurement result that is shown at

the top of the display. A special

typeface

is used in this chapter to indicate

these displayed quantities.For example, when the wavelength measurement

is referenced, it is printed as

Wavelength

.

EDFA

EDFA Gain

The

where:

P

Pinis

Gain

EDFA

out

Gain

the

is

calculated

the

not

is

D

F

A

Gain

by

Output

dened

is

E

calculated

Input

measured during

the

=

Pwr

following

P

out

P

in

at

Pwr

Wavelength

at

the Output

equation:

Wavelength

.

est.

T

.

4-5

Reference

Measurement Calculations

EDFA Noise

The EDFA amplier's noise,

EDFA Noise

dened by the following equation:



EDFA Noise

=(N

out

)

where:

noise

N

NN

NN

softkey),

spectrum analyer's

the

using

N

out

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

average

is

N

NN

NN

NN

N

aOutput

N

N

INTEGRT

BW

Res

function

a

Noise

1

BW

nm.

if

est

T

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Off

On

the optical

is

wavelength.

of

entered

is

output

integration

NN

NN

N

N oise BW

Res BW

power

turned

is

N

is

out

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

NOISE

, is performed at



Wavelength

at

the

(see

on

integrated

the

resolution

true

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

BW

softkey

Wavelength

However

.

menus's

Setup

noise

default

The

.

during

,

.

value

bandwidth.

value

and is

It

is

is

4-6

EDFA S/N

Reference

Measurement Calculations

The EDFA amplier's signal-to-noise ratio,

Wavelength

and is dened by the following equation:

EDFA S=N

=



P

signal

N

out



Noise BW

Res B W

where:

Wavelength

N

N

N

N

is

average

is

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

the

T

NN

N

NN

est

N

P

signal

N

out

Output

a

N

N

N

N

N

N

INTEGRT On

the

is

BW

Res

function

a

is

Noise

1

BW

nm.

output

output

integration is

if

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Off

optical

wavelength.

of

entered

power

peak

noise power

softkey),

spectrum

using

turned on

N

out

analyer's

N

N

N

the

NOISE

at

is the

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

EDFA S/N



at

Wavelength

the

(see

integrated noise

true

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

BW

softkey

, is performed at

.

. However

menus's

Setup

value

The

bandwidth.

default

resolution

.

, during

.

value

is

It

is

4-7

Reference

Measurement Calculations

Input S/N

The input signal-to-noise ratio,

equation:



P

Input S=N

=

signal

N

in

where:

power

input

P

signal

Ninis

Res

function

a

Noise

nm.

Input

In

not

S/N

case

the

measure

signal-to-noise

higher

the

is

average

the

the

is

BW

is

BW

This value

not

is

a

of

the

ratio

saturation

input

optical

wavelength.

of

entered

can

measured

laser

tuned

signal-to-noise

input

for

power

spectrum

using

changed

be

during

source

applications

.

Input S/N



N oise BW

Res BW

Wavelength

at

power

noise

analyer's

N

N

N

the

NOISE

the

as

where

, is dened by the following



.

Wavelength

at

resolution

true

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Output

the input

.

ratio

BW

T

does

It

booster

a

softkey

est.

source

The

.

this

,

characterize the

amplier

.

bandwidth.

default

parameter

is

value

does

input

used for

is

It

1

is

4-8

Input Pwr

The

Input Pwr

is dened by the following equation:

Reference

Measurement Calculations

where:

P

signal

Input Pwr

Input P wr=P

is the measured input power at

is not measured during the Output Test.

signal

0

N

in

Wavelength

.

4-9

Reference

Measurement Calculations

Integrt ASE

The integrated amplied spontaneous emission,

the following equation:

=

2

X

Integ rt AS E

=

=

N



1

where:

wavelength

out

at

)

the



start

stop

oise B

N

R

wavelength

wavelength.

W

W

B

es

left-integration



1



2

N



the

is

softkey

is

softkey

is

.

the right-integration

.

noise

A

EDF

the

N=(N

set



where:

Wavelength

N

is

out

Output

an

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

INTEGRT

BW

Res

average

est

T

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

On

the

is

output

if

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

Off

noise

integration

N

N

NN

softkey),

optical spectrum

power

is

N

at

is

on

integrated

the

turned

out

analyer's true

a function of wavelength.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Noise BW

is entered using the

NOISE BW

1nm.

Integrt ASE

,isdenedby

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

the

set

(see

by

by

the

INTEGRT

the

.

Setup

noise

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

INTEGRT

However

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

menus's

value

START

N

N

N

NN

NN

NN

STOP

during

,

.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

resolution bandwidth.

softkey. The default value is



N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N



is

It

integration

If

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

INTEGRT

dBm

100

0

0

be at

4-10

is

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

On

at

Off

each

100 dBm.

turned

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

softkey),

wavelength.

o

during

the

Multi

program

means

This

menus's

Setup

the

(see

ests



T

to

value

sets

the

that

Integrt

the

ASE

displayed

trace will

also

Integrt BW

Reference

Measurement Calculations

Integrt BW

used to measure

is not a measurement. This value is the integration bandwidth

Integrt ASE

. The default value is the current wavelength

span of the optical spectrum analyzer.

BW

used

using

is

BW

not

in

a

the

the

measurement.

calculations

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Noise

.

N

N

N

N

NN

NN

N

N

N

N

N

softkey

BW

This

The

Noise

Noise

is

that

changed

value

default

.

the

is

value

noise

1

is

bandwidth

This

nm.

value

value

can

be

4-11

Reference

Measurement Calculations

Noise Fig

The

Noise Fig

ure at

Noise F ig

Wavelength

N

out

=

where:

N

is average output noise power at

out

Ninis average input noise power at

is dened by the following equation:

0

NinG

h GB

1

+

G

Wavelength

Wavelength

.

.

the

Gis

the optical

Bis

6.626

is

h

c

is





2.99711

is

c

Noise

Fig

Output

The

Output Pwr

where:

P

signal

N

is the average output noise power at

out

Gain

EDFA

spectrum

34

0

10

X

.

8

X10

measured

is not

ure

Pwr

is dened by the following equation:

Output P wr=P

measured

the

is

.

.

as

dened

analyer's

during

signal

output

this

in

the

0

N

power

chapter

resolution

true

Output

out

Wavelength

at

.

bandwidth

est.

T

.

Wavelength

hertz.

in

.

4-12

Wavelength

Reference

Measurement Calculations

The source

Wavelength

is dened in the following gure and equation:

where:

1is the wavelength to the left side of the signal peak that is equal in

amplitude to the signal peak minus the peak excursion value.

that

peak

signal

the

of

side

right

wavelength to

the

2is

the signal

amplitude

to

Peak excursion values can be

default

value is 3 dB

.

the

the

minus

peak

entered using the

excursion

peak

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PEAK EXCURSN

value

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

in

equal

is

.

softkey. The

4-13

Characteristic Measurement Uncertainty

The following table summarizes the error terms and shows the typical total

measurement uncertainties. The total uncertainties are calculated as shown

in the following equation:

r

X

2

uncertainty

=2

U

3

where \U" is the uncertainty of each individual term.

These uncertainty

with an

measurements

information,

,

refer

calculations

HP 71452B

application

to

are

Optical Spectrum

note HP

71452-2.

Analyzer.

more

or

F

interpolation

linear

of

use

the

on

based

Uncertainties

With

Splices

1

Connectors

With

2

4-14

Gain Uncertainty

Noise Figure

Assumes

1

Assumes

2

Uncertainty

dB

0.05

dB

0.25

uncertainty

uncertainty

0.22 dB 0.54 dB

0.35 dB 0.55 dB

.

splice

each

for

.

connector

each

for

Index

Index

111 EDFA Memory Error, 4-4

1

112 EDFA Noise Figure<0 Error, 4-4

116 EDFA Command Error, 4-4

2011 Memory overow error, 1-7

2

2053 Storage device error, 1-5

2-46

4-10

range,

spectrum

4-5

2-4

v

2-13

3-7

2-47

command,

analyzer,

2-23

,

accuracy

A

amplitude

ASE

UTO

A

battery

B

CAL

C

calculations,

calibration,

center

,

changing,

remote

integration

equation,

setting

SCALE

related

softkey,

,optical

ALL

wavelength

ensuring,

scale

commands,

the

programming

2-38

softkey,

changing algorithm, 2-46

color in measurement results, 2-39

commands by functional group, 3-7

command syntax, 3-4, 3-5

congure, 2-43

connectors, cleaning, v

CONTS

CONT

related

programming

SWEEP

programming

command,

command,

CONT SWEEP softkey, 2-29

, 2-36

3-10

1-2

3-12

3-4

,2-42

,

3-10

Index-2