Agilent 71450B User Guide

User's Guide

HP

Optical Spectrum

Analyzers

71450B/1B/2B

HP Part No. 70950-90049

Edition 1

Printed in USA June 1995

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway,

Santa Rosa, CA

95403-1799, USA

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change

without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard

ackard

this

of

shall

material,

this

to

merchantability

be liable

not

damages

for

connection

in

including

tness

and

contained

errors

with

but

for

the

limited

not

particular

a

herein

furnishing,

the

,

to

purpose

incidental

for

or

performance

implied

Hewlett-P

.

warranties

consequential

or

use

or

,

material.

.

.S

U

the

Restricted

Rights

Government

Rights

the

of

252.227-7013

Commercial

agencies

other

Legend.

subject

is

echnical

T

in

DOD

for

Computer

.

Use

restrictions

to

Data

agencies

Software

duplication,

,

set

as

and Computer

subparagraphs

and

,

Restricted

or

forth

Software

Rights

disclosure

in

clause

by

subparagraph

at

and

FAR

at

(c)

clause

(c) (1)

(1)

(c)

ARS

DF

the

of

(2)

52.227-19

(ii)

for

c



Copyright Hewlett-P

ackard Company 1995

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

WARNING

Light energy can radiate from the front-panel

MONOCHROMATOR OUTPUT

connector on HP 71451B instruments (HP 70951B modules). The light

emitted from this connector is the ltered and slightly attenuated

light input to the front-panel

MONOCHROMATOR OUTPUT

MONOCHROMATOR INPUT

connector. The

connector radiates light energy in the following

instrument modes: preselector, stimulus response, and photodetector test.

N

O

I

T

U

A

C

N

O

I

T

U

A

C

ON

I

T

U

A

C

Condensation degrades the optical spectrum analyzer's performance. Always

cause

may

protect the

optical spectrum

condensation. A

environment to

power

input

otal

T

exceed

not

must

instrument.

instruments

compression

Electrostatic

connectors

momentarily

void

A

the

of

The

is

discharge

Therefore

.

short

touching

instrument.

earth-grounded

void moving

awarm

the

to

dBm.

+30

maximum

dBm.

+20

dBm.

+10

(ESD)

before

,

center

the

rear-panel

the

sure

Be

prevent

to

analyzer from

the optical

environment.

front-panel

in

ower

P

photodetector

safe

largest

The

damage

can

connecting any

outer

and

connectors

the

that

buildup

of

conditions

spectrum analyzer

MONOCHROMATOR

+30

excess

of

input

measurable

circuits associated

cable to

conductors

without

static

spectrum

charge

optical

that

INPUT

dBm

level

power

of

rst

analyzer

.

from

connector

may

on

level

with

rear-panel

a

cable

the

touching

cold

a

damage the

71451B

HP

before

signal

rear-panel

connector

together

frame

the

properly

is

.

,

iii

Optical Spectrum Analysis with the HP

71450B/1B/2B

Be sure to read this introduction for your optical spectrum analyzer.It

introduces you to many of the optical spectrum analyzer's features. The

optical spectrum analyzer displays the optical power of the input light spectra

as a function of wavelength.

Missing graticules

is

This

.

graticule

the

show

not

do

In this

done to

book, man

make it

gures

y

easier

spectrum

optical

the

of

important

see

to

details.

analyzer's

screen

iv

Accurate measurements require clean connections

When connecting ber-optic cables, do the following steps:

1. Clean the connectors as described in Chapter 1. Dry connections are recommended.

2. Align the connectors so that the ber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector.

Do not rub the ber end against any other surfaces.

3. After the ferrule is properly seated inside the connector, use one hand to keep it straight and

nger-tighten it with the other hand.

Automatic

ensures

accuracy

alignment

amplitude

Refer

undertightening

ensure the

o

T

analyzer's

should

that

Moved.



Subjected



armed

W



manufacturer's

the

to

connectors

maximum

4

ALIGN

UTO

A

be performed

environmental

large

to

start

the

at

up

data

can

amplitude

feature

5

whenever

of

sheet

in

result

accuracy

. This

each day

recommendations.

torque

for

misalignment

use

,

automatic

an

is

optical

the

temperature

.

nonrepeatable

and

the

spectrum

changes

Overtightening

connections.

optical

spectrum

alignment

analyzer

.

or

procedure

been:

has

Refer to Chapter 1 for information on aligning and calibrating the optical

spectrum analyzer.

v

Softkeys select

instrument features

You control the optical spectrum analyzer using softkey menus. Softkeys are

the seven buttons located on each side of the screen. Left-side softkeys select

main menus. Right-side softkeys present instrument features. Right-side

softkeys are often displayed in several

pages

.

Changing measurement

parameters is easy

Use the front-panel knob, step keys, or numeric keypad to enter new

measurements settings.For example, press the

4

CENTER

5

key to change

the displayed center wavelength. After changing the setting, pressing the

4

5

key disables the keypad, knob, and step keys until another function is

HOLD

selected. Pressing the

4

5

Use the

When

backspace

(backspace)



pressed,

over

the

numbers

4

HOLD

key

5

key twice blanks the right-side softkeys.

speed

to

softkey

using

your

menu

the

navigation

displayed.

is

data-entry

through

Also,

keypad.

softkey

use

this

menus

key

vi

.

to

Keys in this manual

4

5

letters indicate normal front-panel keys. Most of these functions also can be performed using

boxed

ys.

softke

N

NN

N

shadow

letters indicate

spectrum analyzer

Optical

ys.

softke

Menu

Selections.

vii

Automatically locate

and display signals

Press the front-panel

4

AUTO MEAS

5

key automatically to locate and display the

largest input signal. The optical spectrum analyzer zooms to the signal by

changing the displayed center wavelength, span, and reference level values.

viii

Characterize signals

with the press of a

button

Three advanced-measurement programs automatically characterize LEDs, DFB

lasers, and Fabry-Perot lasers. Press the front-panel

invoke these programs.You can design your own programs (also known as

downloadable programs) using the information supplied in the

Guide

.

4

USER

5

key to nd and

Programmer's

Characterization

of Fabry-P

erot Laser

ix

Insrument modes

increase capability

Depending on the model number, up to six separate operating modes are

available:



Optical spectrum analyzer. Refer to Chapter 1



Stimulus-response measurement. Refer to Chapter 5.



Fast pulse measurement. Refer to Chapter 5.



Power meter. Refer to Chapter 5.



Preselector. Refer to Chapter 5.



Photodiode responsivity measurement. Refer to Chapter 5.

(HP 71451B only)

(HP 71451B

only)

markers

Use

values

measure

to

Trace

position

any

Markers

markers

and

allow

on

peak

trace

the

searches

you

swiftly

ou

Y

.

are

measure

to

even

can

discussed

the

compare

Chapter

in

wavelength

positions

9.

and

on

amplitude

separate

of

traces

.

x

View three-dimensional

display

The optical spectrum analyzer oers considerable trace control. This includes

a three-dimensional view that provides a graphic history of a response. Refer

to Chapter 8 for information on viewing three-dimensional displays.

xi

Limit lines enhance

production-line testing

With the optical spectrum analyzer's limit-line feature, you can display a set

of custom lines that describe the acceptable limits of a displayed response.

Repeatable comparisons can then be made with

PASS

and

FAIL

conditions

automatically displayed on the screen.

Saving

setups

instrument

you

saves

time

repeatedly

you

If

save

to

sure

be

be recalled

can

automatically

Chapter 2.

xii

congure

the

any

at

. Saving

settings

time

and

optical

the

measurement

a

as

congure

to

recalling

spectrum

state

optical

the

measurement

analyzer

Measurement

.

spectrum

states

the

to

described

is

same

states

analyzer

settings

in

,

Use the custom keypad

for swift measurements

The optical spectrum analyzer comes with a custom keypad that snaps into

the front panel of HP 70004A displays. The keypad gives you quick access to

common instrument functions. (Each of these functions can also be accessed

using the normal softkey menus.)

If you have the custom keypad, practice using it. You'll nd that the time

required for many of the procedures in this book will be signicantly reduced.

If you need to remove the custom keypad, simply push the small button

located on the keypad's right side.

xiii

Screen annotation

provides valuable

information

Annotation displayed on the screen shows you the current measurement

window. This includes displayed wavelength, sensitivity, and sweep time.

The display's active function area shows the value of any function that

has been activated for change. In the following gure, the active function

annotation indicates that the displayed wavelength span has been selected for

change.You may change its value using the knob, keypad, or step keys.You

may also press a softkey to select another active function.

TheSdisplayed at the bottom of the screen shows that the optical spectrum

analyzer is using sample detection. If theSis missing, peak detection is used.

xiv

Warranty

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment.

During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option,

either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service

facility designated by Hewlett-Packard. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges

to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shipping charges to return

duties

product

the

and taxes

Buyer

to

for products

However

.

returned to

shall

Buyer

,

Hewlett-Packard

pay

shipping

all

from

charges

another

,

country

.

,

Hewlett-Packard

Hewlett-P

instructions

does

rmware

Limit

The

or

ackard

when

warrant

not

be

will

of

tion

a

foregoing

inadequate

interfacing,

environmental

maintenance

or

NO

OTHER

W

warrants that

for use

with an

properly installed

the

that

uninterrupted

arranty

W

warranty

maintenance

unauthorized

specications

.

ARRANTY

its software

instrument

operation

error-free

or

not

shall

Buyer

by

modication

the

for

EXPRESSED

IS

and rmware

will

on that

of

instrument.

instrument,

the

.

defects

to

apply

Buyer-supplied

,

misuse

or

product,

OR

execute

resulting

operation

,

improper

or

IMPLIED

designated

programming

its

Hewlett-P

software

or

from

software

site

HEWLETT-P

.

by

ackard

or

,

improper

or

outside

preparation

A

of

CKARD

SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE

ANY

HEWLETT-P

REMEDIES

DIRECT

AMA

D

.

INDIRECT

,

GES

WHETHER

LEGAL THEORY

,

.

CKARD

A

SPECIAL,

ASED

B

SHALL

INCIDENT

CONTRACT

ON

BE LIABLE

NOT

OR CONSEQUENTIAL

AL,

TORT

,

FOR

OTHER

ANY

OR

,

the

xv

Certication

Hewlett-Packard Company certies that this product met its published

specications at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard

further certies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United

States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed

by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other

International Standards Organization members.

xvi

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements

are available for Hewlett-Packard products.

For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service

Oce.

xvii

CAUTION

N

I

N

R

A

W

Safety Symbols

The following safety symbols are used throughout the manual set. Familiarize

yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this

instrument.

The

caution

sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which,

if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or

destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a

caution

sign until

the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

procedure

attention

calls

and

It

adhered

or

warning

a

met.

to

,

sign

hazard.

denotes

not

.

are

Do

sign

correctly

proceed

not

understood

fully

warning

G

The

which,

of

loss

if

life

conditions

a

performed

beyond

to a

could result

until the

in injury

indicated

or

xviii

Contents

1. Displaying Signals (Part 1)

Setting Wavelength and Reference Level . . . . . . . .

To view a signal using markers . . . . . . . . . . .

To return to full span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To allow extended wavelength range . . . . . . . . .

Tochange the reference level . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tochange the reference position . . . . . . . . . . .

view the

To

hange

c

o

T

oset

o

T

o

T

o

T

Sensitivit

increase

disable

Setting

Automatically

view

o

T

automeasure

o

T

automeasure

o

T

automeasure

o

T

automeasure

o

T

Changing

hange the

oc

T

hange the

oc

T

Understanding

amplitude meter

ter

cen

the

annotation

.

y

sensitivit

the

autoranging

uning

T

signal

a

using

at

to

optimizing sensitivit

Amplitude

the

amplitude scale

amplitude units

Multiple-Order

To test for sub-multiples . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aligning the Optical Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . .

To align at largest input signal . . . . . . . . . . .

To align at the marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To align with Option 002 internal light source . . . . .

external

an

with

align

o

T

alignmen

ve

remo

o

T

Calibrating the

To calibrate w

To calibrate po

Optical Spectrum Analyzer .

avelength . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wer and w

To turn o user-calibration .

To erase user-calibration

Cleaning Connections

.

. .

.

scale

elength

v

a

Units .

. .

onses .

.

size .

. .

.

y .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

elength step

av

w

readouts

.

y

.

Signals

to

automeasure

ecied

sp

a

ecied

sp

a

ecied

sp

a

Scale and

ligh

osets

t

.

el

lev

.

Resp

t source

.

span

log

w

.

avelength . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

for Accurate Measuremen

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . .

ts . . . .

1-4

1-10

1-11

.

1-12

.

1-12

.

1-14

.

1-15

.

1-15

.

1-16

.

1-17

.

1-17

.

1-18

.

1-18

.

1-19

.

1-20

.

1-21

.

1-21

.

1-22

.

1-26

1-28

1-29

1-30

.

1-31

.

1-32

1-35

1-37

1-40

1-41

1-42

Contents-1

To clean a non-lensed connector . . . . . . . . . . .

To clean an adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45

To test insertion loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To test return loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Displaying Signals (Part 2)

Resolving Wavelengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To resolve closely spaced signals . . . . . . . . . . .

Tochange the RB/span ratio . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reducing Displayed Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To reduce the displayed noise . . . . . . . . . . . .

Increasing Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

time

.

. .

.

. .

.

eeps

.

. .

.

t

.

state

.

. .

.

range

mode

. .

.

single sw

. .

.

retrace

.

triggering

.

eep

Setups

measuremen

a

chop

Sw

tin

con

sw

the

sw

eeps

Sw

freerun

video

triggering

line

external

the

y

recall

or

e

dynamic

eeps

uous or

eep time

eep

sw

eep

triggering

sw

o increase

T

disable

o

T

trolling

Con

set

o

T

set

o

T

stop

o

T

reduce

o

T

riggering

T

use

o

T

use

o

T

use

o

T

use

o

T

dela

To

Saving

Instrument

sav

To

To protect measurement state les . . . . . . . . . .

To select the p ower-on state . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

1-44

1-45

1-46

2-4

2-6

2-8

2-11

2-12

2-13

.

2-14

.

2-16

.

2-19

.

2-20

.

2-20

.

2-21

.

2-22

.

2-25

.

2-25

.

2-26

.

2-26

.

2-27

.

2-27

.

2-28

3. Displaying Pulsed Light

Synchronizing the Light Source . . . . . . . . . . . .

ADC

on

turn

o

T

ADC

on

turn

o

T

Sync

Using the Gated Sw

Contents-2

hronizing

To sync

To select the trigger t

To use the gated sw

the

hronize the optical spectrum

sync

Optical

ype .

eep F

eep feature

(standard

and

Sp

eature . . . .

instrumen

pulsed

ectrum

curren

Analyzer

. . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . .

.

. .

.

t)

(Option 001)

t

. .

.

analyzer . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

3-4

3-9

.

3-10

.

3-13

.

3-14

3-15

3-16

3-17

4. Measuring Signals

Characterizing DFB Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To characterize a DFB laser .............. 4-9

To show the SMSR mo des . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To show the stop-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Characterizing Fabry-Perot (FP) Lasers . . . . . . . .

Tocharacterize a Fabry-Perot laser . . . . . . . . .

To showthepower-distribution trace . . . . . . . . .

To show the mo des used in measurements . . . . . .

To select the mo des used in measurements . . . . . .

Characterizing LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tocharacterize an LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

windo

card

ette

disk

.

trace

w

Programs

t

driv

.

e

.

w

sho

o

T

hange

oc

T

Reinstalling

install

o

T

install

o

T

install

o

T

er-distribution

w

o

p

the

tegration

in

the

anced-Measuremen

Adv

memory

the

from

3.5-inc

a

from

computer

a

from

h

. .

.

4-4

4-10

4-11

4-12

4-17

4-18

4-19

4-20

4-25

.

. .

.

4-25

4-26

.

4-28

.

4-29

.

4-30

.

4-31

.

5.

Changing

erforming

P

haracterize

c

o

T

haracterize

c

o

T

displa

o

T

mak

To

use alternativ

To

Making F

Instrument

Stim

trace

a

y

measuremen

e

ast Pulse

Modes

ulus-Resp

single-output

a

dual-output

a

input

of

ts

trace

e

Measuremen

onse

device

er

w

o

p

linear

a

on

denitions

ts

.

scale

.

ts

.

. .

.

To measure fast pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring Broadband Power . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To measure broadband p ower . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preselecting a Light Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To preselect a light source . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

use a

o

T

Measuring

measure photo

o

T

To displa

output

de

single

Photo

mo

detector Resp

detector

resp

y a trace of input po

cable

onsivit

.

y

.

onsivit

y

wer . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . .

.

Contents-3

5-4

5-9

5-14

5-16

5-18

5-20

5-21

5-24

5-26

5-29

5-31

5-33

5-37

5-41

6. Using Option 002, Built-in White Light Source

Operating the LightSource . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To turn on the light source . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Light Source with the HP 71451B . . . . . .

Stimulus-Response Measurements with the HP 71450B/2B

To characterize a single-output device . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

Tocharacterize a dual-output device . . . . . . . . .

To display a trace of input power . . . . . . . . . .

Tomake measurements on a linear scale . . . . . . .

To use alternative trace denitions . . . . . . . . . .

Replacing the Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To replace the lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-4

6-5

6-6

6-15

6-17

6-19

6-21

6-22

Measuring

7.

Characterizing

Preferred

Simplied

T

Characterizing

T

Controlling

8.

Displaying

To

T

measure

o

measure

o

displa

blank

o

observ

o

exc

o

Swept

test

Traces

races

T

y

a

e

hange

Polarization

Optical-to-Optical

(EXT

setup

(INT

setup

test

.

PDL

.

Optical-to-Electrical

.

. .

signal .

PDL

trace

a

trace

a drifting

trace data

Dependent Loss

Devices

detector) .

photo

detector) .

photo

.

. .

.

. .

.

Devices

.

. .

.

. .

.

Toinvoke default trace settings . . . . . . . . . . .

Viewing Three-Dimensional Displa ys . . . . . . . . . .

To view the three-dimensional display . . . . . . . .

Reducing Noise with Video Averaging . . . . . . . . .

To reduce displayed noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Displa

Setting

ying

.

line

y

displa

the

use

o

T

Threshold

race

T

the

y

Displa

eable

v

Mo

a

To set the trace threshold

Simulating an Analog Display .

Tosim

Comparing T

To compare responses

ulate an analog displa

races with T

race Math

. . . . . . . . .

Line

.

. .

y.

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

. . . . . . . . .

. .

. . . . . .

.

. .

Changing Trace Length and Interpolation . . . . . . .

. .

.

. . . .

. .

.

. .

.

7-4

.

7-5

.

7-7

.

7-9

.

7-15

7-17

.

8-4

.

8-7

.

8-7

.

8-8

.

8-10

.

8-11

8-12

8-15

8-16

8-17

8-18

.

8-19

.

8-20

.

8-21

8-22

8-23

8-26

8-30

Contents-4

Tochange the trace lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To disable trace A interpolation ......... ... 8-33

Saving and Recalling Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tosave trace A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To recall trace A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. Using Markers

Selecting and Moving Markers . . . . . . . . . . . .

To displaymarker 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To displaymarkers 2 through 5 . . . . . . . . . . .

Tomoveamarker to the next trace . . . . . . . . .

To turn markers o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

hes

Searc

erforming Mark

P

erform a

p

o

T

e

v

mo

o

T

e

v

mo

o

T

hange

c

o

T

Using

T

Changing Mark

Stopping and Pausing the Sweep . . . . . . . . . . .

Measuring Noise Level at Marker . . . . . . . . . . .

Delta

on

turn

o

T

hange

c

o

T

dify

mo

o

T

measure

o

T

om

zo

o

T

a

king

rac

k

trac

To

dene the

To

To select the marker readout type . . . . . . . . . .

Tostopthesweep at the marker . . . . . . . . . .

To pause the sweep at the marker . . . . . . . . . .

measure the

o

T

er

peak

amark

peak

the

Mark

delta

a

elength

v

a

w

ter-frequency

cen

bandwidth

zero-span

to

Drifting

drifting

a

trac

er Readouts

search

ed signal

and pit

.

ers

mark

Signal

signal

king

lev

noise

.

er .

span

.

at

limit

el

. .

cen

to

the

to

denition

. .

.

step

.

mark

.

ter

reference

.

size

.

er

.

screen

.

el

lev

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

8-32

8-34

8-35

9-4

9-7

9-8

9-9

.

9-13

.

9-14

.

9-14

.

9-15

.

9-16

.

9-19

.

9-19

.

9-20

.

9-21

.

9-22

.

9-22

.

9-23

.

9-24

.

9-25

9-26

9-27

9-28

.

Creating

10.

Creating Limit Lines .

ter the limit-lines men

Toen

To create a limit line .

Tomak

To turn on limit testing

To turn on the fail-limit beeper . . . . . . . . . . .

and

Limit

Lines

. . . .

e limit lines relativ

Entering

. . . .

e or xed

. . . . . . . .

Amplitude

. . . . . . . . . . . .

u . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . .

Corrections

. . . . . .

Contents-5

10-4

10-10

10-12

To blank all traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To erase the limit-line table .... ........ .. 10-13

Saving and Recalling Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . .

Tosave a limit line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To list limit-line les in memory . . . . . . . . . . .

To recall a limit line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Amplitude Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To create amplitude corrections . . . . . . . . . . .

To edit amplitude corrections . . . . . . . . . . . .

To increase the limit-line table size . . . . . . . . .

To turn amplitude corrections on and o . . . . . . .

To erase amplitude corrections . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

.

resp

the

y

rst

the

limit

limit-line

testing

limit

Menu

us

softk

u

that

ey

Lines

onse

limit-line

segmen

table

lines

.

xed

lines

.

to

ey

starts

the

from

.

table

t

.

testing

. .

.

. .

.

user

the

DLP

a

user

.

t

oin

p

.

u

men

.

u

men

11.

utorial:

T

Step

Creating

Designing

cop

To

add a

To

remov

To

Using

1. View

Displa

2.

ter

En

3.

Complete

4.

v

Sa

5.

urn

T

6.

Begin

7.

Mak

8.

User

a

User

men

a

y

softk

a

e

softk

Limit

the

on

Men

To preset the User menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To delete a User menule . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Toenter a small DLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To edit a small DLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storing and Recalling User Menus . . . . . . . . . . .

.

u

men

User

a

store and

o

T

recall

10-13

10-14

10-16

10-17

10-18

10-21

10-22

10-23

10-24

10-25

.

. .

.

. .

.

10-26

10-27

.

10-28

.

10-29

.

10-30

.

10-31

.

10-32

.

10-33

.

10-35

.

11-4

.

11-9

.

11-9

.

11-10

.

11-11

11-13

11-14

11-15

.

. .

.

Controlling

12.

Controlling Graticules, Annotation, and Titles

Contents-6

Plotting

Annotation,

To place graticules relativ

Printing,

e to 0 dBm

To blank the screen graticule

To blank the screen annotation

To blank the clo c

kdispla

y . . . . .

and

.

. . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . .

. .

. . . . . . .

. . . .

To write a title on the screen . . . . . . . . . . . .

12-4

12-6

12-7

12-8

12-9

To remove a title from the screen . . . . . . . . . .

Controlling the System Clock ........ ...... 12-13

To blank the clo ck display . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To set the clo ck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To select United States or European clock format . . .

Displaying Information About the Instrument. . . . . .

To view the ROM version . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To displaytheinternal state of the instrument . . . .

Printing and Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To print or plot the display. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Toenter the printer type and address . . . . . . . .

Toenter the plotter type and address . . . . . . . .

or plotting

ting

prin

from

els

lab

ey

softk

t

en

T

. .

.

12-12

12-14

12-15

12-16

12-17

12-18

12-19

12-20

12-21

12-22

12-23

Managing

13.

Selecting

o

T

o

T

o

T

o

T

orking

W

o

T

o

T

o

T

To

To modify le names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Increasing User Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To increase user memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Securing the optical spectrum analyzer . . . . . . . . .

To prevent annotation from displaying . . . . . . . .

o

T

o

T

o

T

Toerasein

To reco

Connecting an External HP-IB Disk Drive

To connect the disk driv

Memory

ormatting

F

and

memory

insert

select

format

c

catalog

sa

recall

cop

erase a

erase all

restrict op

restore op

erase in

a

default

the

memory

card's

hange

a

Files

with

les

all

.

le

a

e

v

.

le

a

ternal

in

y

ver from a full memory erase

memory

.

le

.

les

eration

ternal

ternal memory fully

Memory

card .

memory

.

battery

.

to

4

of

memory

.

4

USER

MENU

partially

e.

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

u .

men

5

.

u.

men

5

.

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

13-4

.

13-7

.

13-8

.

13-9

.

13-10

.

13-12

.

13-16

.

13-17

.

13-18

.

13-19

.

. .

.

13-19

13-20

13-21

13-23

13-24

13-25

13-28

13-29

13-30

13-34

13-35

. .

.

Contents-7

14. If You Have A Problem

To perform the self-test routine . . . . . . . . . . . .

If operation is erratic .................. 14-5

If displayed color, lines, and text are distorted . . . . .

If advanced-measurement programs are missing . . . . .

If

UNCAL

If

USERCAL

If

ERR 2023

If

ERR 2037

If

ERR 2053

If

ERR 2057

If

ERR 2064

isdisplayed.................. 14-9

is displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10

is displayed ................ 14-11

is displayed ................ 14-12

is displayed ................ 14-13

is displayed ................ 14-15

is displayed ................ 14-17

Glossary

Index

14-4

14-7

14-8

Contents-8

1

Displaying

Signals

(P

art

1)

Displaying Signals (Part 1)

In this chapter, you'll learn how to display optical signals using the following

controls:



Wavelength



Reference level



Sensitivity



Amplitude scale and units

optical

the

.

the

end

of

this

chapter

This chapter

explains how

spectrum analyzer

measurements

ccurate

A

section

a

.

measurements require

describes

and when

. Alignments

making

proper

to align

and

and calibrations

clean connections

ber-optic

connections

calibrate

ensure accurate

At

.

1-2

Displaying Signals (Part 1)

Contents

Setting Wavelength and Reverence Level . . . . . ............... 1-4

To view a signal using markers . . ....................... 1-10

To return to full span .................................. 1-10

To allow extended wavelength range . . . . . . .............. 1-10

To change the reference level .......................... 1-11

To change the reference position ....................... 1-11

To view the amplitude meter . . . . . ...................... 1-11

To change the center wavelength step size . . . . . . . . . ...... 1-12

To oset annotation readouts ........................... 1-12

Setting Sensitivity . . . .................................... 1-14

To increase the sensitivity level ........................ 1-15

1-15

.

disable

o

T

utomatically

A

view a

To

automeasure to

o

T

automeasure to

o

T

automeasure to

o

T

automeasure

o

T

Changing

change

o

T

change

o

T

Understanding

test

o

T

Aligning

align

o

T

align

o

T

align

o

T

To align with an external light source . . . . . .............. 1-30

To remove alignment osets . . . ......................... 1-31

Calibrating the Optical Spectrum Analyzer . . . .............. 1-32

To calibrate wavelength ............................... 1-35

To calibrate power and wavelength . . . .................. 1-37

turn

o

T

erase

o

T

Cleaning

To clean a non-lensed connector . . . . . .

To clean an adapter . . . . . . . .

To test insertion loss

To test return loss

autoranging

Tuning

signal using

optimizing

Amplitude

the

amplitude

the

amplitude

the

Multiple-Order

sub-multiples

for

Optical

the

largest

at

marker

the

at

Option

with

user-calibration

o

user-calibration

Connections

.

Signals

to

automeasure .

a specied

Scale

scale

units

.

Spectrum

signal

input

.

internal

002

.

ccurate

A

for

..........

...........

..

.

span

.

scale

log

.

wavelength

sensitivity .

Units

and

.

Responses

..

.

Analyzer

.

..

.

light

..

.

..

.

Measurements

.........................

........................

.........................

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

source

.

..................

.

..

.

..

.

..

.

1-16

.

. 1-17

..

.

. 1-17

.

1-18

.

1-18

.

1-19

.

1-20

.

1-21

.

1-21

.

1-22

.

1-26

.

1-28

.

1-29

.

1-29

.

.1-30

..

.

1-40

.

1-41

.

1-42

.

1-44

. . 1-45

1-45

. 1-46

1-3

Setting Wavelength and Reference Level

Displaying signals is as easy as setting the wavelength range, reference level,

and sensitivity. Sweep speed is automatically set by the optical spectrum

analyzer. In fact, the optical spectrum analyzer always uses the fastest sweep

possible while still maintaining a calibrated display.

When the optical spectrum analyzer is rst turned on, the wavelength range

is set to the full 1100 nm span (600 nm to 1700 nm). There is an extended

range that lets you view signals from 350 nm to 2000 nm. However,the

calibrated.

not

is

display

for

signals

within

the

extended

range

1-4

Agilent 71450B User Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual