Agilent 70428A Data Sheet

Agilent 71708A Microwave Source
Agilent 70428A Microwave Source Module

Data Sheet

Variable frequency source with lowest phase noise

2

The Agilent Technologies 71708A
microwave source provides signals
with exceptionally low phase and AM
noise performance from 2.4 to 26.4 GHz.
Phase noise specifications are
–113 dBc/Hz and –125 dBc/Hz at
1 kHz and 10 kHz offsets from a

10.2 GHz carrier. AM noise is as low
as –150 dBc/Hz. Thus, the 71708A is
an ideal source for testing microwave
receivers, verifying noise floors of
phase noise measurement systems, or
substituting for the local oscillator in
radar systems.

The 71708A consists of a

4

/8 width
70428A microwave source module
and an 70004A color display/main­frame.

This system combines:

• Low phase noise

• Low AM noise

• Output frequency range from

2.4 to 26.4 GHz

• 600 MHz frequency resolution

• Optional 0.1 Hz frequency resolu­tion

• Output power up to +16 dBm

Modular Measurement System (MMS)
building block

The user interface of the 71708A is
built into the firmware of the 70428A
microwave source module. This
allows you to easily integrate the
70428A into existing MMS systems
with multiple instruments. Through
the MMS user interface, you have
complete control of all its functions.

Some of these functions include:

• Output frequency

• Output power level

• Reference source configuration

• Calibration functions

• Tuning sensitivity

In addition to manual operation, all
functions can be controlled over GPIB
by a computer.

0.1 Hz frequency resolution

For applications that demand frequency
resolution finer than 600 MHz, add
Option 002 and an Agilent 8662A/3A
synthesized signal generator. This
combination of instruments provides
a signal from 2.4 GHz to 26.5 GHz
with 0.1 Hz frequency resolution
while preserving much of the low
noise performance of the 71708A.
With Option 002, simply enter the
desired output frequency and the
71708A automatically sets the frequency
of its internal microwave source and,
over GPIB, the frequency and power
of the 8662A/3A.

Typical phase and AM noise of the Agilent 71708A microwave source
and high quality microwave synthesizer

Courtesy of McDonnell Douglas

3

Selectable tuning and phase noise
performance

Along with low phase noise, the
71708A provides a DC coupled tuning
port with three sensitivity settings.
This allows you to phase-lock the
71708A when using it as a reference
source for phase noise measurements
on synthesized sources. The three
tuning sensitivity settings are directly
coupled to noise performance and
allow the 71708A flexibility to adapt
to your measurement needs.

Built-in output power calibration

Periodic calibration of the output
power of the 71708A can be quickly
and easily performed using built-in
calibration functions and an external
power meter. Over GPIB, the microwave
source will automatically control an
Agilent 437B, 438A,or 70100A power
meter. Over MSIB, the 71708A will
automatically control the 70100A.

Microwave receiver noise measurements

In the past, measuring the noise of
microwave receivers required two
receivers driven by a common
microwave source. This was due to
the inadequate phase and AM noise
performance of the available
microwave sources. Using this
method, the noise of the microwave
source cancels out and the combined
noise of the two receivers can be
measured. However, it is difficult to
accurately determine the noise of

each of the individual receivers and
two receivers are required.

With the low phase and AM noise of
the 71708A and a 3048A phase noise
measurement system, this measure­ment can be made directly. By driving
the input of the microwave receiver
with the low noise 71708A, the noise
of the IF signal out of the receiver is
dominated by the noise of its
microwave conversion and IF pro­cessing components. The noise of the
IF signal can then be measured using
an RF reference source such as the
8662A, and the resulting absolute
noise of the microwave receiver meas­ured directly.

Low AM noise

Low AM noise allows the 71708A to
be used as a source for AM noise
measurements of signal processing
components such as amplifiers and
mixers. This low AM noise perform­ance minimizes the degradation of
residual PM measurements due to AM
to PM conversion in the device under
test or in the microwave phase detector.

Reference chain

The heart of the 71708A microwave
source is the reference chain which
consists of a 10 MHz crystal oscilla­tor, 100 MHz oscillator, and 600 MHz
oscillator. Each of these oscillators
can be the primary reference, provid­ing three different tuning sensitivities
with corresponding phase noise per­formance.

The 600 MHz signal from the refer­ence chain is multiplied with a step
recovery diode which generates har­monics from 2.4 to 26.4 GHz. To
obtain a particular harmonic, this sig­nal is filtered with a YIG tuned filter.
A variable gain GaAs amplifier boosts
the power of this signal.

Microwave receiver

Block diagram for microwave receiver noise measurements

Agilent 70428A microwave source block diagram

IF out

Reference
oscillator

Tune line "in"

600
MHz

SRD YTF

µ wave amp

µ wave LO "out"

8662A "in"

YTF

Option 002 only

µ wave amp

RF "out"

71708A E5500 SeriesReference source

4

Configuration 1

All oscillators locked

• For those applications that demand
the lowest possible noise at all
offsets

• Tuning sensitivity of 0.05 ppm/volt

• Phase noise of –65 dBc/Hz at
10 Hz offset, –113 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz
offset and 10 GHz carrier frequency

Configuration 2

100 MHz and 600 MHz oscillators locked

• For those applications that require
the best phase noise >1 kHz and a
moderate tuning range

• Tuning sensitivity of 1 ppm/volt

• Phase noise of –33 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz
offset, –113 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset
and 10 GHz carrier frequency

Configuration 3

600 MHz free-running oscillator

• For those applications that require
a wide tuning range and a low
broadband noise floor

• Tuning sensitivity of 20 ppm/volt

• Phase noise of –20 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz
offset, –100 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset
and 10 GHz carrier frequency

Option 002

Option 002 of the 71708A adds the
capability to mix the internal microwave
source with an external RF source.
This option adds a microwave mixer,
a second YIG tuned filter, a second
GaAs amplifier, and associated signal
switching. Once the first YIG tuned
filter is tuned and the RF source fre­quency and power set, the second YIG
tuned filter is tuned to the correct
frequency. The variable gain GaAs
amplifier provides output power con­trol of this composite signal.

10 MHz

100 MHz

PLL PLL

PLL BW

25 Hz - 10 kHz

Tune line

1 kHz - 30 kHz

PLL BW

600 MHz

To
Multiplier

10 MHz

PLL

PLL BW

25 Hz - 10 kHz

10 MHz 100 MHz

PLL

PLL BW

25 Hz - 10 kHz

100 MHz

Tune line

Tune line

PLL

PLL BW

1 kHz - 30 kHz

PLL

PLL BW

1 kHz - 30 kHz

600 MHz

To
Multiplier

600 MHz

To
Multiplier

5

• Output power up to +16 dBm pro­vides sufficient drive level for your
test applications

• Adding Option 002 and an
8662A/3A extends the superior
noise performance with 0.1 Hz
frequency resolution from 2.4 GHz
to 26.5 GHz

• 10 MHz crystal, 100 MHz and
600 MHz oscillator outputs on rear
panel

• Low AM noise is ideal for microwave
residual measurements

• MMS user interface and modular
functionality integrates easily into
existing MMS systems

• Low phase noise yields state-of­the-art microwave receiver meas­urement capability

• Variable tuning sensitivity allows
you to optimize the noise perform­ance for your application

6

Microwave source
RF output
Frequency range 2.4 GHz to 25.8 GHz

Frequency resolution 600 MHz

Output power

2.4 to 6.6 GHz 0 to +16 dBm

7.2 to 25.8 GHz 0 to +10 dBm

Spectral purity

The internal reference oscillators can
be locked together in three configura­tions, each with different phase noise
performance and tuning bandwidths.
All noise levels are in units of dBc/Hz
unless otherwise noted. Spurious and
phase noise specifications at any off­set can be determined by drawing a
line, on a log-log plot between specifi­cation points given.

Best phase noise <100 Hz frequency offsets — narrow tuning sensitivity

1. All noise levels above –30 dBc/Hz are 3 dB below S φ(f) expressed in dB with respect to 1 rad2/Hz.

Agilent 71708A/70428A
Specifications

Specifications describe the instrument’s warranted performance and apply after a 30 minute warm-up. These specifica­tions are valid over its operating/environmental range unless otherwise noted.

Supplemental Characteristics (shown in italics) are intended to provide additional information, useful in applying the
instrument by giving typical (expected), but not warranted performance parameters. These characteristics are shown
in italics or labeled as “typical,” “usable to,” or “nominal.”

Configuration 1. All oscillators locked

Customer
tune range:
±.25 ppm

10 MHz

100 MHz

600 MHz

Output frequency

2.4 to 3.0 GHz

3.0 to 4.2 GHz

4.2 to 6.0 GHz

6.0 to 7.8 GHz

7.8 to 10.2 GHz

10.2 to 12.6 GHz

12.6 to 18.0 GHz

18.0 to 25.8 GHz

1

1

10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 40M ≥1k

–50 –80 –100 –128 –138 –148 –152 –152 –152 –60 –80

Typ.

–45 –75 –95 –123 –133 –143 –147 –147 –147 –50 –70

Spec.

–47 –77 –97 –125 –136 –146 –150 –150 –150 –54 –80

Typ.

–42 –72 –92 –120 –131 –141 –145 –145 –145 –44 –70

Spec.

–44 –74 –94 –122 –134 –144 –148 –148 –148 –54 –80

Typ.

–39 –69 –89 –117 –129 –139 –143 –143 –143 –44 –70

Spec.

–42 –72 –92 –120 –132 –143 –147 –147 –147 –54 –80

Typ.

–37 –67 –87 –115 –127 –138 –142 –142 –142 –44 –70

Spec.

–40 –70 –90 –118 –130 –141 –145 –145 –145 –50 –80

Typ.

–35 –65 –85 –113 –125 –136 –140 –140 –140 –40 –70

Spec.

–38 –68 –88 –116 –128 –140 –143 –143 –143 –50 –80

Typ.

–33 –63 –83 –111 –123 –135 –138 –138 –138 –40 –70

Spec.

–35 –65 –85 –113 –125 –137 –140 –140 –140 –47 –70

Typ.

–30 –60 –80 –108 –120 –132 –135 –135 –135 –37 –60

Spec.

–32 –62 –82 –110 –122 –134 –136 –136 –136 –44 –70

Typ.

–27 –57 –77 –105 –117 –129 –131 –131 –131 –34 –60

Spec.

Offset from carrier (Hz)

Spurious

(dBc)

10 to

100

7

Better phase noise <10 kHz frequency offsets — moderate tuning sensitivity

Good phase noise <10 kHz frequency offsets — wide tuning sensitivity

1. All noise levels above –30 dBc/Hz are 3 dB below S  (f) expressed in dB with respect to 1 rad2/Hz.

2. All noise levels above –40 dBc/Hz are 3 dB below S  (f) expressed in dB with respect to 1 rad

2

/Hz

Configuration 2. 100 and 600 MHz oscillators locked

Configuration 3. 600 MHz free running oscillator

Customer
tune range:
±5 ppm

10 MHz

100 MHz

600 MHz

Output frequency

2.4 to 3.0 GHz

3.0 to 4.2 GHz

4.2 to 6.0 GHz

6.0 to 7.8 GHz

7.8 to 10.2 GHz

10.2 to 12.6 GHz

12.6 to 18.0 GHz

18.0 to 25.8 GHz

1

1

[phone] –152 –152 –152 –60 –80

Typ.

[phone] –147 –147 –147 –50 –70

Spec.

[phone] –150 –150 –150 –54 –80

Typ.

[phone] –145 –145 –145 –44 –70

Spec.

[phone] –148 –148 –148 –54 –80

Typ.

[phone] –143 –143 –143 –44 –70

Spec.

[phone] –147 –147 –147 –54 –80

Typ.

[phone] –142 –142 –142 –44 –70

Spec.

[phone] –145 –145 –145 –50 –80

Typ.

[phone] –140 –140 –140 –40 –70

Spec.

[phone] –143 –143 –143 –50 –80

Typ.

[phone] –138 –138 –138 –40 –70

Spec.

[phone] –140 –140 –140 –47 –70

Typ.

[phone] –135 –135 –135 –37 –60

Spec.

[phone] –136 –136 –136 –44 –70

Typ.

[phone] –131 –131 –131 –34 –60

Spec.

2

10

100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 40M 21k

Offset from carrier (Hz)

Spurious

(dBc)

10 to

100

Customer
tune range:
±100 ppm

10 MHz

100 MHz

600 MHz

Output frequency

2.4 to 3.0 GHz

3.0 to 4.2 GHz

4.2 to 6.0 GHz

6.0 to 7.8 GHz

7.8 to 10.2 GHz

10.2 to 12.6 GHz

12.6 to 18.0 GHz

18.0 to 25.8 GHz

1

1

[phone] –152 –152 –152 –40 –80 –80

Typ.

[phone] –147 –147 –147 –30 –70 –70

Spec.

[phone] –150 –150 –150 –34 –70 –80

Typ.

[phone] –145 –145 –145 –24 –64 –70

Spec.

[phone] –148 –148 –148 –34 –74 –80

Typ.

[phone] –143 –143 –143 –24 –64 –70

Spec.

[phone] –147 –147 –147 –34 –74 –80

Typ.

[phone] –142 –142 –142 –24 –64 –70

Spec.

[phone] –145 –145 –145 –30 –70 –80

Typ.

[phone] –140 –140 –140 –20 –60 –70

Spec.

[phone] –143 –143 –143 –30 –70 –80

Typ.

[phone] –138 –138 –138 –20 –60 –70

Spec.

[phone] –140 –140 –140 –27 –67 –70

Typ.

[phone] –135 –135 –135 –17 –57 –60

Spec.

[phone] –136 –136 –136 –24 –64 –70

Typ.

[phone] –131 –131 –131 –14 –54 –60

Spec.

2

10

100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 40M 100 1k ≥10k

Offset from carrier (Hz)

Spurious (dBc)

8

AM noise

Specifications apply for +10 dBm out­put power. All noise levels in dBc/Hz.
AM noise specifications at any offset
can be determined by drawing a line
on a log-log plot between specifica­tion points given.

Supplemental characteristics

Frequency overrange 26.4 GHz with degraded output power

Output level entry resolution 0.1 dB

Absolute power accuracy ±3 dB

Harmonics –10 dBc

Frequency switching transients Output power can peak at +22 dBm

during frequency switching

Output power drift <1 dB after warm-up

Output power settling time <100 ms

Frequency switching speed 3 seconds, standard;

6 seconds, Option 002

Reference tuning Voltage control of the internal

reference oscillators is available
through a port on the front panel.

Tuning range (sensitivity)

Configuration 1 ±0.25 ppm (0.05 ppm/volt)
Configuration 2 ±5 ppm (1 ppm/volt)
Configuration 3 ±100 ppm (20 ppm/volt)

Tuning port voltage range ±5 volts (overrange to ±10 volts)

Tuning port input impedance 2 kΩ

Maximum output power vs frequency

Output frequency

2.4 to 25.8 GHz

1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 40M 10 40M

Typ.

–100 –110 –117 –133 –143 –153 –155 –155 –155 –60 –80

Spec.

–95 –105 –112 –128 –138 –148 –150 –150 –150 –50 –70

Offset from carrier (Hz)

Spurious

(dBc)

1k to

25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8
7
6
5

2.4 4.8 7.2 9.6 12.0 14.4 16.8 19.2 21.6 24.0 26.4

71708A Output power

Frequency (GHz)

9

Option 002 specifications

Requires an Agilent 8662A or 8663A as
an RF source

Adds capability to the 71708A such
that an RF source can be mixed with
the microwave source. The front
panel frequency of the RF source is
automatically controlled by the
71708A over GPIB.

Option 002 spectral purity

The following spectral purity table
combines the effects of the 71708A
Option 002, Configuration 1, and
8662A/3A when used together as a
microwave source. All noise levels are
in units of dBc/Hz unless otherwise
noted. Spurious and phase noise
specifications at any offset can be
determined by drawing a line on a
log-log plot between specification
points given. To combine the
8662A/3A phase noise with
Configuration 2 and 3 tables, use the
phase noise numbers from this table
for offsets ≥1 kHz and Configuration
2 and 3 tables for offsets ≤100 Hz.

AM noise of Option 002

1

Specifications apply for +10 dBm out­put power. All noise levels in dBc/Hz.
AM noise specifications at any offset
can be determined by drawing a line
on a log-log plot between specifica­tion points given.

Best phase noise <100 Hz frequency offsets — narrow tuning sensitivity.

Configuration 1. All oscillators locked

1. All noise levels above –30 dBc/Hz are 3 dB below S  (f) expressed in dB with respect to 1 rad2/Hz.

2. Mixing an RF source with the microwave LO in the 71708A Option 002 may result in some mixing spurious exceeding spurious specifications, see mixing spurious table
on page 10.

Output frequency

2.4 to 26.5 GHz

1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 40M 10 40M

Typ.

–97 –107 –114 –130 –140 –150 –152 –152 –152 –60 –80

Spec.

–92 –102 –109 –125 –135 –145 –147 –147 –147 –50 –70

Offset from carrier (Hz)

Spurious

(dBc)

1k to

2

Customer
tune range:
±.25 ppm

10 MHz

100 MHz

600 MHz

Output frequency

2.4 to 3.0 GHz

3.0 to 4.2 GHz

4.2 to 6.0 GHz

6.0 to 7.8 GHz

7.8 to 10.2 GHz

10.2 to 12.6 GHz

12.6 to 18.0 GHz

18.0 to 25.8 GHz

Offset from carrier (Hz)

1

1

10 100 1k 3k 5k 10k 100k 1M 10M 40M ≥1k

–50 –80 –100 –119 –121 –124 –130 –130 –135 –147 –147 –60 –80

Typ.

–43 –73 –92 –112 –112 –114 –124 –124 –130 –142 –142 –50 –70

Spec.

–47 –77 –97 –122 –129 –130 –133 –136 –141 –149 –149 –54 –80

Typ.

–42 –72 –92 –115 –117 –120 –128 –131 –136 –144 –144 –44 –70

Spec.

–44 –74 –94 –120 –122 –124 –131 –136 –141 –148 –148 –54 –80

Typ.

–39 –69 –89 –114 –117 –119 –126 –131 –136 –143 –143 –44 –70

Spec.

–42 –72 –92 –119 –123 –125 –130 –136 –140 –147 –147 –54 –80

Typ.

–37 –67 –87 –113 –116 –118 –125 –131 –135 –142 –142 –44 –70

Spec.

–40 –70 –90 –118 –121 –124 –129 –135 –139 –145 –145 –50 –80

Typ.

–35 –65 –85 –112 –115 –117 –124 –130 –134 –140 –140 –40 –70

Spec.

–38 –68 –88 –116 –121 –123 –128 –134 –138 –143 –143 –50 –80

Typ.

–33 –63 –83 –111 –114 –116 –123 –129 –133 –138 –138 –40 –70

Spec.

–35 –65 –85 –113 –119 –121 –125 –133 –137 –140 –140 –47 –70

Typ.

–30 –60 –80 –108 –112 –114 –120 –128 –132 –135 –135 –37 –60

Spec.

–32 –62 –82 –110 –115 –117 –122 –128 –133 –136 –136 –44 –70

Typ.

–27 –57 –77 –105 –108 –110 –117 –123 –127 –131 –131 –34 –60

Spec.

Spurious

(dBc)

10 to

100

10

Supplemental characteristics

Mixing spurious

General specifications

Agilent 71708A system components

70004A color display/mainframe
70428A microwave source module

Internal reference oscillator

Internal 10 MHz

reference oscillator 10 MHz quartz oscillato

r

Aging rate < 1 x10-9/day after 10 day warm-up

Temperature stability < ±2x10-8over 0 to 55° C

Rear panel connections 10 MHz IN (+7 dBm required)

BUFFERED 10 MHz OUT
(Typical +7 dBm)
10 MHz OVEN OUT (Typical +10 dBm)
100 MHz OUT (Typical –2 dBm)
100 MHz OUT (Typical +8 dBm)
600 MHz OUT (Typical +20 dBm)
600 MHz OUT (Typical 0 dBm)
TUNE SPAN OUT (not specified)
MULTIPLEXER OUT (not specified)
TUNE OUTPUT (not specified)

Environmental temperature Operational, 0 to +55° C;

storage, –40 to +75° C

Humidity Operational, 0 to 95% relative

humidity at 45° C

Warm-up time 30 minutes recommended

EMC Meets MIL-STD 461B

1. AM noise specifications apply when an Agilent 8662A or 8663A is used as the RF source.

LO feedthrough 430–80 MHz offset below

carrier <–50 dBc typical

Carrier frequency range (GHz) where a mixing

spur will occur ≤ 40 MHz from the carrier

2.990–3.010

2.392–2.408, 2.737–2.749, 2.793–2.807

2.995–3.005, 3.592–3.608

2.493–2.507, 2.929–2.938,

3.493–3.507, 4.109–4.120

Typical

spurious

level (dBc)

–40

–60

–70

11

Power requirements

Agilent 71708A

See requirements for 70004A. All power supplied by the mainframe
(70004A).

Agilent 70428A

Requires as much as 80 watts of regulated power from mainframe.

Weight

71708A 26.8 kg (58.9 lb) nominal
71708A Option 002 29.3 kg (64.5 lb) nominal
70428A 7.4 kg (16.1 lb) nominal
70428A Option 002 9.9 kg (21.7 lb) nominal

Warranty

One year (extendable with options)

Calibration cycle

One year recommended

Supported power meters for output power calibration

70100A power meter
437B power meter
438A power meter

Supported displays and mainframes

70004A color display/mainframe
70206A display with 70001A mainframe

Supplemental characteristics

10 MHz rear panel output: Typical phase noise performance

100 MHz rear panel output: Typical phase noise performance

600 MHz rear panel output: Typical phase noise performance

Ordering information

Agilent 71708A microwave source
Option 002 0.1 Hz frequency resolution capability (requires an

8662A/3A Option 003)

Option 003 Add 8662A Option 003 synthesized signal generator

Option 004 Add 8663A Option 003 synthesized signal generator

Option W30 Extended service and repair (std) or with Option 002

Option 908 Rack flange kit without handles (product number 5062-3979)

Option 910 Provides two sets of user guides (product number

70427-90002), component level information packets
(product number 70427-90004), and service documentation
disks (product numbers 70428-90007 and 70428-90008)

Option 913 Rack flange kit with handles (product number 5062-4073)

Option OBW

1

Service documentation on a disk (product numbers
70428-90007 and 70428-90008)

Agilent 70428A microwave source module
Option 002 0.1 Hz frequency resolution capability (requires an

8662A/3A Option 003)

Option W30 Extended service and repair (std) or with Option 002

Option 910 Provides two sets of user guides (product number

70427-90002), component level information packets
(product number 70427-90004), and service documentation
disks (product numbers 70428-90007 and 70428-90008)

Option OBW

1

Service documentation on a disk (product number
70428-90007 and 70428-90008)

1. Requires a PC, Windows 3.0/3.1, 3/-inch 1.44 Mbyte floppy drive, 4 Mbyte RAM,
VGA monitor, and 7 Mbyte available hard disk space

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