Agilent 4 Install & Operating Datasheet

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Page 1

Installation, Veriﬁcation, and Operation

Manual

11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

Manufacturing Part Number: 11974-90010

Supersedes April 1999

Printed in USA

September 2001

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Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,

including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Certiﬁcation

Agilent Technologies certiﬁes that this product met its published speciﬁcations at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certiﬁes that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

Warranty

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and ﬁrmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or ﬁrmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.

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LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modiﬁcation or misuse, operation outside of the environmental speciﬁcations for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products.

For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Ofﬁce listed on page 49.

This guide uses the following conventions:

Front-Panel Key This represents a key physically located on the instrument. Softkey This indicates a “softkey,” a key whose label is determined by the

instrument ﬁrmware.

Screen Text This indicates text displayed on the spectrum analyzer screen.

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Contents

1. General Information

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

What You'll Find in this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Options Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Accessories Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Serial Numbers Covered by This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Calibration Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2. Installation

What You'll Find in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Preparing the 11974 for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Setting the Line-Voltage Selector Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Checking the Fuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Power Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Electrostatic Discharge Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Reducing ESD Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Static-Safe Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Returning Equipment for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Sales and Service Ofﬁces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3. Operation

What You'll Learn in this Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

11974Q Front-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

11974Q Rear-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

11974-60028 Front-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Operating Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Maximum RF Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Maximum LO Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Operating Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Preventing Erroneous Preselector Peaking During Spur Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Remote Location of an 11974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Dynamic Range Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Operation Using an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Preliminary Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

General Descriptions of 8566B External-Mixing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer

with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Preliminary Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

General Descriptions of 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer External-Mixing Functions . . 70

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Contents

Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Using 8563A, 8561B, 8560A, or 8560 E-Series Spectrum Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Preliminary Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

General Description of External-Mixing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Operation Using 8561A/62A/62B Spectrum Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Preliminary Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

General Description of 8561A/62A/62B External-Mixing Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

4. Performance Tests

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Test Record Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Performance Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

Frequency Tracking Calibration with an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

1. Conversion Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

2. Image Rejection Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

3. Multiple Response Rejection Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

4. Displayed Average Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

5. 3 dB Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

5. Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

General Safety Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Declaration of Conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

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Figures

Figure 1-1 . 11974 Series with 11974-60028 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 1-2 . Typical Serial Number Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Figure 1-3 . 11974A Minimum System Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 1-4 . 11974Q Minimum System Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 1-5 . 11974U Minimum System Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 1-6 . 11974V Minimum System Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 2-1 . Voltage Selection Switch and Line Fuse Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 2-2 . Static-Safe Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 2-3 . Packaging Materials for 11974 Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 2-4 . Packaging Materials for 11974-60028 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 3-1 . 11974Q Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 3-2 . 11974Q Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 3-3 . 11974-60028 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Figure 3-4 . Setup Configuration for Remote Location of an 11974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 3-5 . 11974 Connections Using an 8566B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Figure 3-6 . 11974 Connections to the 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 3-7 . 11974 Connections Using an 8563A, 8561B,

8560A, or 8560E-Series Spectrum Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Figure 3-8 . 11974 Connections Using an 8561A/62A/62B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Figure 4-1 . Performance Tests Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Page 7

Tables

Table 1-1 . 11974 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Table 1-2 . 11974 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Table 2-1 . 11974 Compatibility with Spectrum Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 2-2 . Operating Power Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 2-3. . Power Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 2-4 . Static-Safe Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Table 2-5. . Contacting Agilent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Table 3-1 . RF Input Port Flange Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 3-2 . External Mixing Bands and Associated Mixing Harmonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Table 3-3 . Flatness Points and Conversion Losses for Frequencies above 18 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table 3-4 . Minimum Sweep Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Table 3-5 . Flatness Points and Conversion Losses for Frequencies above 18 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Table 4-1 . Recommended Test Equipment for 11974A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Table 4-2 . Recommended Test Equipment for 11974Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Table 4-3 . Recommended Test Equipment for 11974U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Table 4-4 . Recommended Test Equipment for 11974V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Table 4-5 . Recommended Accessories for All Bands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Table 4-6 . Performance Test Record Summary (1 of 2) for 11974A, Q, U, and V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Table 4-6 . Performance Test Record Summary (2 of 2) for 11974A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Table 4-6 . Performance Test Record Summary (2 of 2) for 11974Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Table 4-6 . Performance Test Record Summary (2 of 2) for 11974U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Table 4-6 . Performance Test Record Summary (2 of 2) for 11974V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Table 4-7 . Conversion Loss Test Data (1 of 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Table 4-7 . Conversion Loss Test Data (2 of 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Table 4-7 . Conversion Loss Test Data (3 of 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Table 4-8 . Image Rejection Test Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Table 4-9 . Multiple Response Rejection Test Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Table 4-10 . Displayed Average Noise Level Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Table 4-11 . 3 dB Bandwidth Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Page 8

1 General Information

Page 9

General Information

Introduction

The 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers Installation, Veriﬁcation, and Operation Manual describes how to conﬁgure an 11974 in a system, what to do to verify its

performance, and how to operate an 11974. This manual contains the following chapters:

• Chapter 1, “General Information,” provides a quick overview of the 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixer and all operating speciﬁcations and characteristics tables.

• Chapter 2, “Installation,” describes power requirements, spectrum-analyzer compatibility, installation requirements, packaging information, and the Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Ofﬁce listing.

• Chapter 3, “Operation,” describes operating precautions, operating hints, and complete operating procedures with the most commonly-used spectrum analyzers.

• Chapter 4, “Performance Tests,” provides the tests to verify the electrical performance of the 11974 Series mixers.

• Chapter 5, “Safety and Regulatory Information,” provides safety warnings and cautions, explanations of the various symbols appearing on the instrument, regulatory compliance information.

12 Chapter1

Page 10

General Information

What You'll Find in this Chapter

This chapter introduces you to the 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers and provides other general information regarding the 11974 Series. This chapter contains the following topics:

• “11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers Overview” on page 14.

• “Accessories Supplied” on page 15.

• “Speciﬁcations and Characteristics” on page 18.

• “Calibration Cycle” on page 17.

Chapter 1 13

Page 11

General Information

11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers Overview

The 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers are preselected RF front-end sections used to extend the frequency range of the Agilent Technologieshigh performance, portable, and modular spectrum analyzers. The 11974 Series are fully calibrated, system compatible, and cover a frequency range from 26.5 to 75 GHz in four waveguide bands — A, Q, U, and V. Control of the 11974 is provided by the host spectrum analyzer's sweep ramp and ﬁrst local-oscillator output. The 11974 is packaged as an external module with ﬂexible cables to the spectrum analyzer in order to facilitate connection to the waveguide device under test.

The tracking preselector of the 11974, based on barium hexa-ferrite technology, eliminates the image and multiple harmonic responses that clutter the spectrum display. The tracking preselector in front of the harmonic mixer eliminates the need for the time-consuming process of signal identiﬁcation.

A stand-alone power supply provides the tuning current for the ﬁlter. The included accessory kit contains the cables and tools necessary to make connections to the host spectrum analyzer.

Figure 1-1 11974 Series with 11974-60028 Power Supply

14 Chapter1

Page 12

Options Available

General Information

11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers Overview

Input Isolator (Option 001)

This option provides an 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixer that has been calibrated with an isolator attached to the RF input. The addition of the isolator improves input match, reducing measurement uncertainties and protects the device under test (DUT) from off-resonant reﬂections from the input tracking ﬁlter.

Accessories Supplied

The following is a list of all accessories, and their part numbers, supplied at shipment.

Accessory Description Part Number

Ball Driver, 3/32 inch 8710-1539 Wrench, 5/16 inch 8710-0510 Alignment Tool 8710-0630 Four Standard #4-40 Screws for A band 3030-0221 Captive Screws for Q, U, and V bands, 4 each 1390-0671 3 Cables with SMA (m) Connectors (1.0 m) 5061-5458 1 Cable with BNC (m) Connectors (24 inches) 8120-1839 1 Cable with BNC (m) Connectors (48 inches) 8120-2582 1 Adapter with BNC (f) Connectors 1250-0080 1 Stand for the 11974 83556-60010

Other related accessories available from Agilent Technologies are:

Accessory Description Part Number

Waveguide with 2.4 mm coax adapters 281C Attenuators for R, Q, and U bands only 382A 20/50 dB Fixed Attenuators 373D/G 3 dB, 6 dB, and 10 dB Fixed Attenuators for Q and U bands only 370A/B/C Waveguide bends, twists, and straight sections 800 Series Waveguide isolators for R, Q, U, and V bands 365A Series Rack mounting ﬂange for power supply 5062-3957

Chapter 1 15

Page 13

General Information

Serial Numbers Covered by This Manual

This manual applies to 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers with the serial number preﬁxes 3001A and above.

Agilent Technologies makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance their performance, usability, or reliability. Agilent Technologiesservice personnel have access to complete records of design changes to each type of equipment, based on the equipment's serial number. Whenever you contact Agilent Technologies about your 11974, have the complete serial number available to ensure that you are obtaining the most complete and accurate information possible.

The serial number label is attached to the rear of the 11974. The serial number has two parts: the preﬁx (the ﬁrst four numbers and a letter), and the sufﬁx (the last ﬁve numbers). See Figure 1-2.

The ﬁrst four numbers of the preﬁx are a code identifying the date of the last major design change incorporated in your unit. The letter identiﬁes the country in which the unit was manufactured. The ﬁve-digit sufﬁx is a sequential number and is different for each unit. Whenever you list the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information about your 11974, be sure to use the complete number, including the full preﬁx and the sufﬁx.

Figure 1-2 Typical Serial Number Label

16 Chapter1

Page 14

General Information

Calibration Cycle

Use the performance tests in Chapter 4 every 12 months to check the unit against the speciﬁcations listed in Table 1-1 on page 19.

Chapter 1 17

Page 15

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Table 1-1 lists the speciﬁcations for the 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers.

Unless stated otherwise, all speciﬁcations describe the warranted performance of the 11974 under the following conditions:

• Five minute warm-up for ambient conditions.

• Ambient temperature 0°C to 55°C.

• One year calibration cycle.

• Environmental requirements met.

• Connections to the host spectrum analyzer are made with one length of coax cable, part number 5061-5458.

• The 11974 is used with one of the following spectrum analyzers:

❏ 8566B with 11975A Ampliﬁer ❏ 8560 Series Portable Spectrum Analyzers ❏ 71000C with 70907B External Mixer Interface Module.

Characteristics provide useful, but nonwarranted, information in the form of typical, nominal, or approximate values for band performance. Refer to Table 1-2 on page 23 for a list of band characteristics.

18 Chapter1

Page 16

Table 1-1 11974 Speciﬁcations

Frequency Range

(LO Harmonic Number)

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

FREQUENCY

11974A (n = 8) 11974Q (n = 10) 11974U (n = 10) 11974V (n = 14)

RF Preselector Bandwidth (3 dB points)

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT RANGE

Displayed Average Noise Level

Host Spectrum Analyzers: 8566B/11975A,

71000C/70907B

(RBW = 10 Hz)

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

Option 001

26.5 GHz 33 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz

Typical

130 MHz 150 MHz 150 MHz 200 MHz

−111 dBm max.

−106 dBm max.

−109 dBm max.

−100 dBm max.

to to to to

40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 75 GHz

Min.

80 MHz 100 MHz 100 MHz 100 MHz

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

Host Spectrum Analyzers: 8560 Series Portable

Spectrum Analyzers

(RBW = 300 Hz)

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

Option 001

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

−109 dBm max.

−104 dBm max.

−107 dBm max.

−97 dBm max.

−96 dBm max.

−91 dBm max.

−94 dBm max.

−85 dBm max.

−94 dBm max.

−89 dBm max.

−92 dBm max.

−82 dBm max.

Chapter 1 19

Page 17

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Table 1-1 11974 Speciﬁcations (Continued)

Conversion Loss

RF to IF port

(includes 1 m IF cable, part number 5061-5458)

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

RF Input Match (across full waveguide band)

Option 001 only

11974A, Q, U 11974V

Conversion Loss Chart Accuracy

20C to 30C: RSS of calibration equipment errors

(Add 0.7 dB if used with 8560 Series Portable Spectrum Analyzers.)

0C to 55C: RSS of calibration equipment errors plus

worst-case temperature effects of 11974 (Add

0.7 dB if used with 8560 Series Portable Spectrum Analyzers.)

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

Image Rejection

44 dB max. 46 dB max. 43 dB max. 57 dB max.

<1.6:1 <2.3:1

0°C to 55°C ±2.3 dB max.

±2.3 dB max. ±2.6 dB max. ±4.5 dB max.

20°C to 30°C ±1.0 dB max.

±1.0 dB max. ±1.1 dB max. ±2.0 dB max.

(Image positioned 2x fIF above tuned response) Host Spectrum Analyzers: 8566B/11975A

71000C/70907B

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V (50 to 67 GHz) 11974V (67 to 75 GHz)

Host Spectrum Analyzers: 8560 Series Portable

0°C to 55°C

−54 dBc max.

−50 dBc max.

−40 dBc max.

20°C to 30°C

−59 dBc max.

−55 dBc max.

−45 dBc max.

Spectrum Analyzers

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V (50 to 67 GHz) 11974V (67 to 75 GHz)

20 Chapter1

−50 dBc max.

−45 dBc max.

−35 dBc max.

−55 dBc max.

−50 dBc max.

−40 dBc max.

Page 18

Table 1-1 11974 Speciﬁcations (Continued)

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Multiple Response

(Due to in-range applied signals mixing with LO

harmonics other than order N)

11974A (N = 8) 11974Q (N = 10) 11974U (N = 10) 11974V (N = 14) (applied signal: 50 to 67 GHz) 11974V (N = 14) (applied signal: 67 to 75 GHz)

a. Multiple response displayed frequency, f ′RF, due to input signal fRF.

where:

N = Band Harmonic number N′ = Unwanted Harmonic

= …N−2, N−1, N+1, N+2,…

fIF = 321.4 MHz for 8566B and 71000C Spectrum Analyzers = 310.7 MHz for 8560 Series Portable Spectrum Analyzers

−63 dBc max.

−60 dBc max.

−55 dBc max.



----- -

f′



N′

RFfIF

N′ N±



--------------



N′

Chapter 1 21

Page 19

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Table 1-1 11974 Speciﬁcations (Continued)

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Environmental Speciﬁcations Type tested to MIL-T-28800C, Class 5

environmental conditions as listed below:

Temperature

Non-operating Operating

−40°C to +75°C 0°C to +55°C

Relative Humidity Altitude

Non-operating Operating

Maximum Vibration Level

5 Hz to 55 Hz

Maximum Shock

Electromagnetic Compatibility Meets radiated and conducted emissions

95% ±5% up to +30°C

<12,195 m (<40,000 feet) <3,048 m (<10,000 feet)

2 g 30 g

of MIL-STD-461B, Part 7, methods CE03 (Air Force) and RE02, FTZ 26/527/79

22 Chapter1

Page 20

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Table 1-2 11974 Characteristics

Note: These are not speciﬁcations. Characteristics provide useful, but nonwarranted information about instrument performance.

FREQUENCY

Center Frequency Accuracy

Residual FM

Span Accuracy

AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT RANGE

Frequency Response (uncorrected)

(With respect to mean value of

Conversion Loss chart) 11974A

11974Q 11974U 11974V

1 dB Gain Compression

Using Table 1-1, “11974 Speciﬁcations,” for the spectrum analyzer being used, evaluate these characteristics with reference to the harmonic numbers listed below.

11974A (n = 8) 11974Q (n = 10) 11974U (n = 10) 11974V (n = 14)

±4.5 dB max. ±4.0 dB max. ±4.0 dB max. ±4.0 dB max.

26.5 GHz to 40 GHz 33 GHz to 50 GHz 40 GHz to 60 GHz 50 GHz to 75 GHz

(RF Input for 1 dB increase in conversion

loss) 11974A

11974Q 11974U 11974V

Third Order Intercept (TOI)

(For two signals spaced less than 200 MHz

apart) 11974A

11974Q 11974U 11974V

+6 dBm min.

0 dBm min. 0 dBm min.

+3 dBm min.

+13 dBm min. +13 dBm min. +13 dBm min. +13 dBm min.

Chapter 1 23

Page 21

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Table 1-2 11974 Characteristics (Continued)

AMPLITUDE MEASUREMENT RANGE (continued)

IF Subharmonic Response

Intercept (2nd Order)

(Response at fIF/2 above input signal) fIF/2 = 160.7 MHz (8566B, 71000C)

= 155.35 MHz (8560 Series

Portable Spectrum Analyzer)

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

Dynamic Range

Refer to Figure 1-3 on page 27, Figure 1-4 on page 28, Figure 1-5 on page 29, and

Figure 1-6 on page 30.

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

RF Input

Waveguide Size, Flange Type

11974A 11974Q 11974U 11974V

Maximum RF Input Level

(CW, Peak, or Average)

Match (at peak of preselector)

LO Input

+45 dBm min. +45 dBm min. +45 dBm min. +30 dBm min.

Size

WR-28 WR-22 WR-19

WR-15 +25 dBm <3.0:1

Flange

UG 599/U UG 383/U UG 383/U-M UG 385/U

Connector Type Frequency Range

11974A 11974Q 11974U

11974V Optimal LO Input Level Match

24 Chapter1

SMA (f)

3.3 GHz to 5.0 GHz

4.0 GHz to 6.0 GHz

3.5 GHz to 5.3 GHz +14.5 dBm to 16 dBm <2.0:1 (50Ω)

Page 22

Table 1-2 11974 Characteristics (Continued)

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS (continued)

IF Output

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Connector Type Match Bandwidth

(Total 11974 BW limited by preselector.)

Tune + Span Input

Connector Type Sensitivity (Spectrum Analyzer Type)

(PSEL PK DAC at mid-value)

8566B/11975A 8560 Series Portable Spectrum

Analyzer

71000/70907B

Input Impedance

Power Supply (11974-60028)

Output

Input

SMA (f) <1.6:1 (50Ω) Nominal >100 MHz

Typical >150 MHz

BNC (f)

−2 V/GHz × fLO− 0.32 V +1.5 V/GHz × fLO− 0.21 V

+1.5 V/GHz × fLO V 20 kΩ min.

+50 V, 0.6 A ±15 V, 0.2 A

100/110/220/240 V ac

47 Hz to 63 Hz

Power Consumption

130 VA max.

Chapter 1 25

Page 23

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Weight

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

11974 Series 11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply

Size

11974 Series

11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply

14.3 kg (6.5 lb)

26.2 kg (11.9 lb) Length (A) × Width (B) × Height (C)

210.2 mm × 84.7 mm × 101.5 mm

346.1 mm × 212.7 mm × 133.4 mm

26 Chapter1

Page 24

Figure 1-3 11974A Minimum System Dynamic Range

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Chapter 1 27

Page 25

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Figure 1-4 11974Q Minimum System Dynamic Range

28 Chapter1

Page 26

Figure 1-5 11974U Minimum System Dynamic Range

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Chapter 1 29

Page 27

General Information

Speciﬁcations and Characteristics

Figure 1-6 11974V Minimum System Dynamic Range

30 Chapter1

Page 28

2 Installation

Page 29

Installation

What You'll Find in This Chapter

This chapter describes how to set up an 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixer for operation. This chapter contains the following topics.

“Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility” on page 33 “Initial Inspection” on page 36 “Preparing the 11974 for Use” on page 37

“Power Requirements” on page 38

“Setting the Line-Voltage Selector Switch” on page 38 “Electrostatic Discharge Information” on page 43 “Returning Equipment for Service” on page 46

32 Chapter2

Page 30

Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility

The 11974 Series mixers are compatible with the spectrum analyzers listed in the following table.

Table 2-1 11974 Compatibility with Spectrum Analyzers

71000 MODULAR SPECTRUM ANALYZER WITH

70907 EXTERNAL MIXER INTERFACE MODULE

Model S/N Preﬁx Compatibility

Installation

70907A all 70907B all

70907-K74 Upgrade Kit required Fully compatible

(3)

(1) (2)

8560 SERIES PORTABLE SPECTRUM ANALYZER

Model S/N Preﬁx Compatibility

8560A <3003A

8560A-K74 Upgrade Kit required

(4)

(cannot be used with option 002) 8560A ≥3003A Fully compatible with non-option 002 8560E all Fully compatible with non-option 002 8561A all

8561B <3003A

8561A-K74 Upgrade Kit required 8561B-K74 Upgrade Kit required

(1) (5)

(4)

8561B ≥3003A Fully compatible 8561E all Fully compatible 8562A/B all

8562A-K74 Upgrade Kit required

(1) (5)

8562E all Fully compatible 8563A/E all Fully compatible 8564E all Fully compatible 8565E all Fully compatible

Chapter 2 33

Page 31

Installation

Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility

Table 2-1 11974 Compatibility with Spectrum Analyzers (Continued)

R&D BENCH HIGH PERFORMANCE SPECTRUM ANALYZER

WITH 11975A LO AMPLIFIER

Model S/N Preﬁx Compatibility

8566A 8566A

<2007A ≥2007A

(6)

No upgrade kit available 8566AB Conversion Kit previously installed:

1) Firmware Date <89.10.10 8566B-K74 Upgrade Kit required

(7)

2) Firmware Date ≥89.10.10 8566B-K75 Upgrade Kit required

(8)

8566AB Conversion Kit Not previously

installed: (two kits required)

8566AB Conversion Kit

(8)

(7)

8566B 8566B

<2948A ≥2948A

(6)

8566B-K75 Upgrade Kit

8566B-K74 Upgrade Kit required Fully compatible

(1) Retroﬁt kit contains materials and instructions for hardware modiﬁcations and an

operating procedure update for the 11974.

(2) Mixer bias capability is converted to preselector peak, resulting in activation of a

preselector peaking with the BIAS PEAK function. Sweep times must be manually controlled in wide spans to avoid over sweeping the preselector.

(3) 70900 Local Oscillator ﬁrmware/hardware requirements:

Firmware Date Code

LO Upgrade Kit Required

(YYMMDD)

850730 70907B-Option 098 860203 (Firmware and CPU board) 861015 70907B-Option 099 870501 (Firmware on RAM/ROM card) 880314 880901 890606 Fully compatible, no kit required

34 Chapter2

Page 32

Installation

Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility

(4) Retroﬁt kit contains ﬁrmware update and new operation manual. (5) Operation with 11974s will require entry of a frequency offset. Preselector peaking

is performed manually with a screwdriver adjustment. Sweep times must be

manually controlled in wide spans to avoid over sweeping the preselector. (6) The serial number preﬁx on the 8566A/B refers to the RF section. (7) Retroﬁt kit contains materials and instructions for hardware modiﬁcations and

new ﬁrmware. (8) Retroﬁt kit contains materials and instructions for hardware modiﬁcations.

Chapter 2 35

Page 33

Installation

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container upon receipt. Retain it and the cushioning materials. If the container or cushioning material is damaged, verify that the contents are complete and that the unit functions correctly both mechanically and electrically.

If the contents are incomplete or the 11974 fails the performance tests in Chapter 4,

“Performance Tests,” on page 89, notify one of the Agilent Technologies Sales and Service

Ofﬁces listed on page 49. Show any container or cushioning materials damages to the carrier. The Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Ofﬁce will arrange for repair or replacement without waiting for a claim settlement.

The shipping container and cushioning materials are shown in Figure 2-3 on page 47 and

Figure 2-4 on page 48. Instructions for repackaging the 11974 are included under “Returning Equipment for Service” on page 46.

WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the 11674 Series equipment

from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

36 Chapter2

Page 34

Installation

Preparing the 11974 for Use

When installing equipment, ensure that the 11974-60028 Power Supply ac power switch and the power cord are easily accessible to allow for disconnecting the equipment from the mains power supply. The power switch will remove power from the 11974, but the power must be disconnected to remove the 11974-60028 from the mains power supply.

Position the equipment to protect it from moisture because the instrument case does not protect against the ingress of water. (The case will protect against ﬁnger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure.)

WARNING The front panel LINE switch disconnects the mains circuits from the

mains supply after the EMC ﬁlters and before other parts of the instrument.

CAUTION Ventilation Requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the

air ﬂow into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4 °C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

The 11974 must be properly connected to one of the compatible spectrum analyzers listed in Table 2-1 on page 33. Use the next four sections of this chapter to:

• Select the appropriate power source.

• Set the line-voltage selector switch correctly.

• Check the fuse.

• Select the appropriate power cable. After preparing the 11974 for use, refer to Chapter 3, for complete operation procedures for

the most commonly-used compatible spectrum analyzers. These procedures include conﬁguration setups listing all connections and giving step-by-step procedures describing how to operate an 11974.

CAUTION Before this instrument is switched on, make sure that:

•the line voltage selector is set to the voltage of the mains supply;

•the correct fuse is installed;

•the supply voltage is in the speciﬁed range.

Chapter 2 37

Page 35

Installation

Preparing the 11974 for Use

Power Requirements

The power requirements for the 11974 are listed below.

Table 2-2 Operating Power Requirements

Line Input Power Requirements

100/120 V ac Operation 220/240 V ac Operation

Line Voltage 100 V to 120 V, ±10% 220 V to 240 V, ±10% Line Current 1 A rms max. 0.5 A rms max. Line Frequency 47 Hz to 66 Hz 47 Hz to 66 Hz

WARNING This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside the instrument, is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Setting the Line-Voltage Selector Switch

The 11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply contains the voltage-selector switch for the

11974. Set the power supply's rear-panel voltage-selector switch to the line-voltage range (100, 120, 220, or 240 V) corresponding to the available ac voltage. Refer to Figure 2-1 on page 39.

38 Chapter2

Page 36

Figure 2-1 Voltage Selection Switch and Line Fuse Locations

Installation

Preparing the 11974 for Use

Checking the Fuse

The type of ac-line input fuse depends on the input-line voltage. Use the following fuses:

100 V to 120 V Operation: 1 A 250 V UL/CSA (TIME DELAY) (part number 2110-0674) (for

use in the United States)

220 V to 240 V Operation: 0.5 A 250 V IEC (TIME DELAY) (part number 2110-0458)

(for use in other countries)

The line fuse is housed in a small container located inside the rear-panel power-connector module of the 11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply. When replacing a fuse, be sure that the arrows on the container match the direction of the arrows on the power-connector door. Refer to Figure 2-1 on page 39.

Chapter 2 39

Page 37

Installation

Preparing the 11974 for Use

Power Cable

The 11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply is equipped with a three-wire power cable, in accordance with international safety standards. When connected to an appropriate power-source outlet, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet.

WARNING Failure to ground the instrument properly can result in personal

injury. Before turning on the preselector power supply, you must connect its protective earth terminals to the protective conductor of the main power cable. Insert the main power-cable plug only into a socket outlet that has a protective earth contact. Do not defeat the earth-grounding protection by using an extension cable, power cable, or auto transformer. Make sure its common terminal is connected to the protective earth contact of the power source socket.

Various power cables are available to connect the spectrum analyzer to the types of ac power outlets unique to speciﬁc geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area to which the spectrum analyzer is originally shipped is included with the unit. You can order additional ac power cables for use in different areas. The following table lists the available ac power cables, illustrates the plug conﬁgurations, and identiﬁes the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate.

40 Chapter2

Page 38

Table 2-3. Power Cables

Installation

Preparing the 11974 for Use

Plug Type

Cable Part

Number

8120-8705

8120-8709

8120-1369

8120-0696 8120-1378

Plug

Description

Straight BS 1363A

90˚

Straight AS 3112

90˚ Straight

NEMA 5-15P

Length

cm (in.)

229 (90)

210 (79)

200 (78) 203 (80)

Cable Color

Mint Gray

Gray

Gray Jade

Gray

For Use in Country

Option 900 United Kingdom, Hong

Kong, Cyprus, Nigeria, Singapore, Zimbabwe

Option 901 Argentina, Australia,

New Zealand, Mainland China

Option 903 United States, Canada,

Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan

8120-1521

8120-4753

8120-4754 8120-1689

8120-1692

8120-2104

8120-2296

90˚

Straight NEMA 5-15P

90˚ Straight

CEE 7/VII

90˚

Straight SEV Type 12

90˚

203 (80)

229 (90)

229 (90) 200 (78)

200 (78)

Jade Gray

Gray

Gray Mint

Gray

Mint Gray

Gray

Option 918 Japan

Option 902 Continental Europe,

Central African Republic, United Arab Republic

Option 906 Switzerland

Chapter 2 41

Page 39

Installation

Preparing the 11974 for Use

Table 2-3. Power Cables (Continued)

Plug Type

Cable Part

Number

8120-2956

Description

Straight SR 107-2-D

8120-2957

8120-4211

90˚

Straight IEC 83-B1

8120-4600

90˚

Plug

Length

cm (in.)

200 (78)

Cable Color

Gray

For Use in Country

Option 912 Denmark

200 (78)

Gray

Mint Gray

Mint

Option 917 South Africa, India

Gray

8120-5182

8120-5181

Straight SI 32

90˚

200 (78)

Jade Gray

Option 919 Israel

Jade Gray

a. E = earth ground, L = line, and N = neutral. b. Plug identiﬁer numbers describe the plug only. The part number is for the complete cable

assembly.

42 Chapter2

Page 40

Installation

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. Therefore, all work performed on assemblies consisting of electronic components should be done at a static-safe workstation.

Figure 2-2 shows an example of a static-safe workstation. Two types of ESD protection are

shown: (a) conductive table mat and wrist strap combination, and (b) conductive ﬂoor mat and heel strap combination. The two types must be used together to ensure adequate ESD protection. Refer to Table 2-4 on page 45 for a list of static-safe accessories and their part numbers.

Figure 2-2 Static-Safe Workstation

Chapter 2 43

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Installation

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Reducing ESD Damage

The following are suggestions that may help reduce the amount of ESD damage that can occur during testing and servicing instruments.

PC Board Assemblies and Electronic Components

• Handle these items at a static-safe workstation.

• Store or transport these items in static-shielding containers.

CAUTION Do not use erasers to clean the edge-connector contacts. Erasers generate

static electricity and degrade the electrical quality of the contacts by removing the thin gold plating.

Do not use paper of any kind to clean the edge-connector contacts. Paper or lint particles left on the contact surface can cause intermittent electrical connections.

Do not touch the edge-connector contacts or trace surfaces with bare hands. Always handle board assemblies by the edges.

PC board assembly edge-connector contacts may be cleaned by using a lint-free cloth with a solution of 80 percent electronics-grade isopropyl alcohol and 20 percent deionized water. This procedure should be performed at a static-safe workstation.

WARNING Isopropyl alcohol is extremely ﬂammable, causes irritation, may

cause eye damage, and is harmful if swallowed or inhaled. It may be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Keep away from heat, sparks, and ﬂame. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, clothing. Avoid breathing vapor. Keep in tightly closed container. Use with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case of ﬁre, use alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide: water may be ineffective. In case of spill, soak up with sand or earth. Flush spill area with water.

Disposal Instructions: Dispose in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental regulations.

Test Equipment

• Before connecting any coaxial cable to an instrument connector for the ﬁrst time each day, momentarily short together the center and outer conductors of the cable.

• Before touching the center pin of any connector and before removing any assembly from the instrument, ensure proper use of a grounded, resistor-isolated, wrist strap.

• To prevent buildup of static charge, ensure that all instruments are properly earth-grounded.

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Installation

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Static-Safe Accessories

Table 2-4 Static-Safe Accessories

Part Number Description

9300-0797 Set includes: 3M static control mat 0.6 m × 1.2 m (2 ft × 4 ft) and 4.6 cm (15 ft)

ground wire. (The wrist-strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must

be ordered separately.) 9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft) 9300-1383 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel, without cord, has four adjustable links

and a 7 mm post-type connection. 9300-1169 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).

Chapter 2 45

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Installation

Returning Equipment for Service

Repackaging equipment requires original shipping containers and materials or their equivalents. Agilent Technologies ofﬁces can provide packaging materials identical to the original. Figure 2-3 on page 47 and Figure 2-4 on page 48 identify the original packaging materials and their part numbers. When ordering packaging materials, it is necessary to order the proper number of foam inserts.

CAUTION Packaging materials not speciﬁed can result in instrument damage. Never

use styrene pellets to package electronic equipment. The pellets do not adequately cushion the equipment, do not prevent all equipment movement, and can generate static electricity.

Use the following procedure to prepare equipment for shipment:

1. Fill out a blue repair card (located at the end of this chapter) and attach it to the equipment. Send a copy of any noted error messages or other helpful performance data. If a blue repair card is not available, include at least the following information:

a. Type of service required b. Description of the problem and whether it is constant or intermittent c. Name and telephone number of technical contact person d. Return address e. Model number of returned equipment f. Full serial number of returned equipment g. List of any accessories returned with equipment

2. To help prevent damage during transit, pack the equipment in the appropriate packaging materials as shown in Figure 2-3 on page 47 and Figure 2-4 on page 48. Original shipping materials or equivalents are best; however, compliance with the following instructions will result in acceptable packaging.

a. Wrap equipment in anti-static plastic to reduce the possibility of ESD damage. b. For equipment that weighs less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, corrugated

cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength. The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to accommodate the equipment. Allow at least three to four inches on all sides of the equipment for packing material.

c. Surround the equipment with 3 to 4 inches of packing material to protect the

equipment and to prevent movement in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D.-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation, Commerce, California 90001. Air Cap is plastic sheeting ﬁlled with 1-1/4 inch air bubbles. Use pink anti-static Air Cap. Wrapping the equipment several times in this material should provide sufﬁcient protection and also prevent movement in the carton.

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Installation

Returning Equipment for Service

3. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape.

4. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to ensure careful handling.

5. Retain copies of all shipping papers.

Figure 2-3 Packaging Materials for 11974 Series

Item Qty Part Number Description

1 1 9211-5594 Corrugated Outer Carton 2 1 5180-7865 Foam Pads (set) 3 1 5180-7885 Corrugated Pad

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Installation

Returning Equipment for Service

Figure 2-4 Packaging Materials for 11974-60028 Power Supply

Item Qty Part Number Description

1 1 9211-4893 Corrugated Outer Carton 2 1 5180-7809 Foam Pads (set) 3 1 9220-4421 Corrugated Sleeve

Sales and Service Ofﬁces

Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Ofﬁces provide worldwide support for Agilent Technologies products. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest ofﬁce listed on page 49.

In any correspondence, always provide essential information, which includes model numbers, serial numbers, or assembly part numbers.

48 Chapter2

Page 46

Table 2-5. Contacting Agilent

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist

Installation

Returning Equipment for Service

United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378 (fax) (+64) 4 495 8950

Malaysia

(tel) 1 800 828 848 (fax) 1 800 801 664

Taiwan

(tel) 0800-047-866 (fax) (886) 2 25456723

Latin America

(tel) (305) 269 7500 (fax) (305) 269 7599

Japan

(tel) (+81) 426 56 7832 (fax) (+81) 426 56 7840

Philippines

(tel) (632) 8426802 (tel) (

PLDT subscriber only):

1 800 16510170

(fax) (632) 8426809 (fax) (

PLDT subscriber only):

1 800 16510288

People’s Republic of China

(tel) (preferred):

800-810-0189

(tel) (alternate):

10800-650-0021 (fax) 10800-650-0121

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414 (fax) (905) 282-6495

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485 (fax) (+61) 3 9210 5947

Thailand

(tel) outside Bangkok:

(088) 226 008

(tel) within Bangkok:

(662) 661 3999 (fax) (66) 1 661 3714

India

(tel) 1-600-11-2929 (fax) 000-800-650-1101

Europe

(tel) (+31) 20 547 2323 (fax) (+31) 20 547 2390

Singapore

(tel) 1 800 375 8100 (fax) (65) 836 0252

Hong Kong

(tel) 800 930 871 (fax) (852) 2506 9233

Chapter 2 49

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3 Operation

Page 48

Operation

What You'll Learn in this Chapter

This chapter introduces you to basic preselected external-mixing functions available using an 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixer. After a brief discussion of operating precautions and hints, operation procedures using the most commonly-used “host” spectrum analyzers are described. This chapter contains the following topics:

• “11974Q Front-Panel Features” on page 53

• “11974Q Rear-Panel Features” on page 54

• “Operating Precautions” on page 56

“Maximum RF Input Level” on page 56 “Maximum LO Input Level” on page 56 “Electrostatic Discharge” on page 56

• “Operating Hints” on page 57

“Preventing Erroneous Preselector Peaking During Spur Searches” on page 57 “Remote Location of an 11974” on page 57 “” on page 58 “Dynamic Range Optimization” on page 59

• Preliminary Operation for Each Spectrum Analyzer Compatibility Reference lists all compatible spectrum analyzers with the 11974

Series and deﬁnes any requirements necessary.

Equipment Connection lists all input and output connections for operation. Frequency Tracking Calibration mates the 11974 Series to the spectrum

analyzer. This part of the preliminary operation aligns the frequency of the 11974 tracking ﬁlter to the tuned frequency of the spectrum analyzer.

NOTE Once the Frequency Tracking Calibration has been performed on a

designated setup (that is, a speciﬁc 11974 band matched to a speciﬁc spectrum analyzer), and as long as the equipment remains connected, this calibration procedure only needs to be performed occasionally to keep the setup matched properly.

Operation for Each Spectrum Analyzer

Band Selection describes how to select the desired millimeter band for operation. Amplitude Calibration allows you to enter in conversion-loss values for your

speciﬁc operating frequency. Each 11974 band is individually characterized and labeled at the factory with a calibration chart of its conversion loss versus frequency.

Preselector Peaking quickly maximizes the amplitude accuracy of a signal of interest.

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11974Q Front-Panel Features

Figure 3-1 11974Q Front Panel

Operation

11974Q Front-Panel Features

The front panel of an 11974 Series mixer consists of an RF input port ﬂange and two ﬂange clamps. The following table lists the RF input port ﬂange types.

Table 3-1 RF Input Port Flange Types

Model Size Flange Type

11974A

11974Q 11974U 11974V

a. Refer to Table 1-2 for the ratings of these input and output connectors.

WR-28 UG599/U WR-22 UG383U WR-19 UG383/U-M WR-15 UG385U

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Operation

11974Q Rear-Panel Features

Figure 3-2 11974Q Rear Panel

POWER SUPPLY INSTRUMENT

SELECT

receives power from the 11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply. switches allow the 11974 to properly scale the tune ramp of the speciﬁed

spectrum analyzer.

IF OUT requires an SMA type cable and supplies the IF INPUT for the spectrum

analyzer.

TUNE IN requires a BNC type cable and receives the TUNE + SPAN sweep output

from the spectrum analyzer.

LO IN requires an SMA type cable and receives the ﬁrst LO output from the

spectrum analyzer.

33 GHz SET is the low-end of the band adjustment for mating the 11974 to the

spectrum analyzer. This adjustment frequency directly corresponds to the low-end frequency of each band.

50 GHz SET is the high-end of the band adjustment for mating the 11974 to the

spectrum analyzer. This adjustment frequency directly corresponds to the high-end frequency of each band.

LED SET

are the LEDs used to adjust the low-end and high-end of each band so that the 11974 is mated properly to the spectrum analyzer.

a. Refer to Table 1-2 for the ratings of these input and output connectors.

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11974-60028 Front-Panel Features

Figure 3-3 11974-60028 Front Panel

HP 11974-60028 PRESELECTOR POWER SUPPLY

OUTPUT

PRESELECTOR POWER

LINE

yg35_1

OUTPUT PRESELECTOR POWER provides power for the 11974 Preselector RF Mixer.

Operation

LINE

switch applies power to the OUTPUT PRESELECTOR POWER jack.

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Operation

Operating Precautions

CAUTION Toavoid damaging your 11974 and to assure accurate measurements, be sure

to follow the recommendations in this section.

Maximum RF Input Level

The maximum RF input level, as stated in Table 1-2 on page 23, is +25 dBm CW, Peak, or Average. However, since the 1 dB compression point at the RF input is between 0 and +6 dBm depending on the band, meaningful measurements will end long before the damage level is reached. Therefore, for amplitude accuracy and protection against damage, limit the input power to the 1 dB compression point level.

Maximum LO Input Level

The maximum LO input level is +18 dBm. Care should be taken when using the 11975A MicrowaveAmpliﬁer as an LO booster for the 8566B Spectrum Analyzer or when using the 11975A for remote-location connections with the 11974 Series.

CAUTION When using an 11975A Ampliﬁer with an 11974, the rear-panel ALC switch

must be set to the ON position and the OUTPUT POWER LEVEL set to the

stop at +16 dBm before connecting the ampliﬁer. If the ALC switch is left in

the OFF position, the ampliﬁer output power is high enough to destroy the

mixer diodes.

Electrostatic Discharge

CAUTION When conﬁguring the 11974 with a spectrum analyzer, always connect the

SMA cables to the spectrum analyzer BEFORE connecting them to the 11974.

This will minimize the danger of electrostatic discharge damaging the 11974.

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Operation

Operating Hints

The following operating hints are provided for your convenience.

Preventing Erroneous Preselector Peaking During Spur Searches

When performing spurious response tests on a device under test (DUT), the spectrum to be measured typically contains both large and small signals. If the spurs are smaller than −60 to −65 dBc, they may be confused with the image or multiple response of the large signal. In this type of test, activate the preselector-peak routine only on the larger signals. This will avoid attempting to peak on small unwanted 11974 responses of the large signals which can result in amplitude errors. Another way to avoid this potential problem is to calculate the frequency of the image or multiple response and avoid measurements at these precise frequencies.

The frequency of the image response can be found in Table 1-1 on page 19, and the frequencies of the multiple responses can be found in Table 1-2 on page 23.

Listed below are the symptoms of errors caused by peaking on image or multiple responses:

• Large amplitude errors for the large signals after peaking on a suspected small DUT spur which is actually an unwanted 11974 response,

• Preselector peak DAC numbers consistently at or near one extreme of range (due to peaking on an image response of a large signal),

DAC Number After Peaking Spectrum Analyzer

0 71000C with 70907B 255 8560 Series Portable 63 with message “Peak Not Found” displayed 8566B

• Random DAC numbers over a wide range when peaking is repeated (due to peaking on a multiple response of a large signal).

Remote Location of an 11974

In cases where the device-under-test (DUT) is farther away than the 1 meter LO and IF cables can accommodate, place the 11974 close to the DUT, but place the host spectrum analyzer the desired distance away. In order to preserve the excellent amplitude accuracy of the 11974, the +14.5 to 16 dBm LO power must be supplied even though the LO cables may become quite long.

Tosupply the LO power, insert an 11975A Ampliﬁer at the 11974 location. (Refer to Figure

3-4 on page 58.) To provide the proper input power level for the 11975A Ampliﬁer, a coax

attenuator is also required at the input of the 11975A such that the sum of the loss of the extended LO cable and the attenuator value add up to a range of 9–11 dB at 6 GHz. Set the OUTPUT POWER LEVEL on the 11975A for +16 dBm. The extra IF cable loss at

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Operation

Operating Hints

321 MHz should be added to the conversion loss value of the 11974. Perform the Frequency Tracking Calibration procedure after connection of all cables.

Figure 3-4 Setup Conﬁguration for Remote Location of an 11974

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Operation

Operating Hints

RF Port Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Effects

As with most bandpass ﬁlters, the magnetically tunable Barrium-Ferritebandpass ﬁlter of the 11974 is reﬂective out of its passband. In addition, the 11974 does not have a programmable RF port attenuator to improve the VSWR in band or out of band. This may cause measurement errors when testing VSWR sensitive DUTs outside of their operating frequency range. One measurement example in which VSWR effects should be minimized is when searching for spurious signals in an oscillator. To improve the accuracy of the measurement, use an 365 Series waveguide isolator (included in Option 001) or an attenuator at the RF port of the 11974 to reduce this particular VSWR effect.

Dynamic Range Optimization

An attenuator at the RF port of the 11974 can be used to set the RF input power level for maximum dynamic range, approximately −30 dBm, as shown in Figure 1-3 on page 27,

Figure 1-4 on page 28, Figure 1-5 on page 29, and Figure 1-6 on page 30.

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Operation

Operation Using an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Preliminary Operation

Compatibility Reference

Refer to Chapter 2, “Installation,” on page 31 for information relating to retroﬁt requirements for 8566A and older 8566B Spectrum Analyzers.

Equipment Connection

Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-5 on page 61 and use the following checklist to verify the connections.

• 11974 LO IN to 11975A OUTPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

• 11974 IF OUT to 8566B IF INPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

• 11974 TUNE IN to 8566B SWEEP + TUNE OUT (BNC cable, 8120-1839; BNC f–f adapter, 1250-0080; BNC cable, 8120-2582)

• 11974 POWER SUPPLY to 11974-60028 PRESELECTOR POWER

• 8566B 1ST LO OUTPUT to 11975A INPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

CAUTION When you are using an 11975A Ampliﬁer with an 11974, you must set the

ampliﬁer rear-panel ALC switch to ON before you connect the ampliﬁer into the test setup. If the ALC switch is left in the OFF position, the ampliﬁer output power is high enough to destroy the mixer diodes.

Set the 11975A output power to +16 dBm and verify that the ampliﬁer's front-panel unleveled indicator is not lit.

60 Chapter3

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Figure 3-5 11974 Connections Using an 8566B

Operation

Operation Using an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Frequency Tracking Calibration

Use this procedure to align the frequency of the 11974 tracking ﬁlter to the tuned frequency of the 8566B. Fo0llow this procedure anytime the 11974 is connected to a different spectrum analyzer. Periodically check the calibration.

1. Set the 11974 rear-panel switches

8566B and LEDS to the ON position, and the other

two switches to the OFF position, to properly scale the tune ramp of the analyzer.

2. Set the spectrum analyzer to the appropriate millimeter band by using the following key sequence for the appropriate mixer:

for an 11974A: SHIFT ⇑⇑ for an 11974Q: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974U: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974V: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑⇑

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Operation

Operation Using an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

3. On the spectrum analyzer, set the preselector DAC to 32 (the center of its 0–63 range) by pressing

SHIFT, GHz, 32, and Hz.

4. Set the spectrum analyzer to a frequency span of 0 Hz by pressing 0, and

Hz.

FREQUENCY, SPAN ,

NOTE Due to the repetitive nature of this procedure, it may be helpful to save the

center-frequency settings as indicated in steps 5 and 7 in unused state registers.

5. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the low end of the band by pressing

CENTER FREQUENCY and entering the corresponding value for the mixer listed below,

then save this setting in an unused register.

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

6. On the rear panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

• for an 11974A: “26.5 GHz SET”

• for an 11974Q: “33.0 GHz SET”

• for an 11974U: “40.0 GHz SET”

• for an 11974V: “50.0 GHz SET”

7. Change the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the high end of the band as indicated below; then save this setting in an unused register:

• for an 11974A: 40 GHz

• for an 11974Q: 50 GHz

• for an 11974U: 60 GHz

• for an 11974V: 75 GHz

8. On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

• for an 11974A: “40 GHz SET”

• for an 11974Q: “50 GHz SET”

• for an 11974U: “60 GHz SET”

• for an 11974V: “75 GHz SET”

9. Repeat step 5 through step 8 until green lights are lit at both frequencies without any additional adjustments.

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Operation Using an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

Operation

Band Selection

1. If necessary, mate the 11974 to the spectrum analyzer being used for preselected external mixing by using the Frequency Tracking Calibration procedure above.

2. Set the spectrum analyzer to the appropriate millimeter band by using the key sequence listed below:

Operation

for an 11974A:

SHIFT ⇑⇑

for an 11974Q: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974U: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974V: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑⇑

NOTE The above band selection key sequence must be used to enter the external

mixing band of operation. Do not enter in the center frequency of the band directly.

Amplitude Calibration

The 8566B uses a single-point conversion-loss factor per band. The conversion-loss number is saved with an instrument preset, when the band is exited, and with the SAVE and RECALL functions.

Enter the conversion loss at the desired frequency from either the calibration label on the bottom of the 11974 or the supplied calibration sheet using the following key sequence.

SHIFT, 5, and MHz

•

• Enter the conversion loss value of the desired frequency, then terminate the entry with

dB.

Preselector Peaking

1. Place the active marker on the desired signal to be peaked using MARKER

NORMAL.

PEAK SEARCH or

TIP To complete the preselector-peaking routine more quickly, place the signal at

center screen and reduce the frequency span until the sweep time is approximately 200 ms.

2. Peak the desired signal by pressing

Chapter 3 63

PRESEL PEAK.

Page 60

Operation

Operation Using an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

General Descriptions of 8566B External-Mixing Functions

SHIFT, ⇑ selects the ﬁrst millimeter frequency “lettered” band, K-band

(18 – 26.5 GHz). (Note: K-band is not available in the 11974 Series.) Each succeeding press of the ⇑ key advances to the next lettered band. For example, A band can be displayed by pressing SHIFT ⇑⇑. The lettered bands are paired with harmonic numbers. Due to some overlap between bands, always enter the millimeter band by using the SHIFT ⇑ keys to select the lettered band. Do not enter in the center frequency of the band directly.

SHIFT, GHz calls the preselector-peak DAC number to the active function. The

DAC provides a vernier offset to the TUNE + SPAN to account for slight preselector mistracking with time, temperature, and so on. For the 0 to 63 DAC number range, the frequency range is approximately n times 46 MHz, where n is the harmonic number. The DAC number is saved with instrument preset (IP), but it is not saved using the SAVE/RECALL function or with a learn string.

SHIFT, 5, MHz calls CONVERSION LOSS to the active function. This is a

single-point amplitude correction for each millimeter band, and each band's conversion loss is saved with IP, when the band is exited, and with the SAVE/RECALL functions.

SHIFT, 2, MHz calls the FULBAND number to the active function. This is an

alternative function to SHIFT, ⇑, ⇑ in which each millimeter lettered band can be entered by a FULBAND number. For example, A band is equivalent to FULBAND 7, Q band is equivalent to FULBAND 8, and so on.

SHIFT, 1, MHz displays the MHz key menu on the display screen for reference

purposes.

NOTE SHIFT 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 MHz keys are NOT used with the 11974 Series.

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Operation

Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A

Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer

with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A

Preliminary Operation

NOTE This section provides information for the 70907B, however the operation of

the 70909A and 70910A is similar. Minor differences may be noted, but the necessary deviations from these exact instructions will be obvious.

Compatibility Reference

Refer to Chapter 2, “Installation,” on page 31 for information relating to 71000 Series Modular Spectrum Analyzer System compatibility with the 11974 Series.

Equipment Connection

Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-6 and use the following checklist to verify the connections.

• 11974 LO IN to 70907B LO OUTPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

• 11974 IF OUT to 70907B IF INPUT (SMA cable, 5061-5458)

• 11974 TUNE IN to 70907B PRESEL TUNE/SPAN (BNC cable, 8120-1839)

• 11974 POWER SUPPLY to 11974-60028

Figure 3-6 11974 Connections to the 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer

HP 71000 SERIES

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

70907B External Mixer Interface Module

Presel Tune/Span

LO Output

IF Input

HP 11974-60028

POWER SUPPLY

IF Out

Preselector

Power

Tune In

LO In

Power

Supply

HP 11974 SERIES

MIXER (TOP VIEW)

RF Input

yg35_3

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Operation

Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A

Frequency Tracking Calibration

Use this procedure to align the frequency of the 11974 tracking ﬁlter to the tuned frequency of the spectrum analyzer. Follow this procedure whenever the 11974 is connected to a different spectrum analyzer. Periodically check the calibration.

1. Set the 11974 rear-panel switches 70907B (this switch also applies to the 70909 and 70910A) and

LEDS to the ON position, and the other two switches to the OFF position,

to properly scale the tune ramp of the spectrum analyzer.

2. When the 71000 is set up with multiple active input ports available, conﬁgure the analyzer for a preselected external mixer by using the following key sequence:

MENU State select input

IN “n” EM “Model Number”

NOTE If the State key is not available when you press MENU, skip conﬁguration

step 2.

3. Select the frequency band of operation by using the following key sequence:

State ext mixer fulband KAQUVE

Press the softkey for the appropriate frequency band. (INSTR PRESET will reset this to the default active input, see INSTR PRESET on page 71.)

4. Initialize the preselector-peak DAC to the center of its range by pressing

pre-select, PRESEL DAC, and 128, then terminate the entry with the ENTER softkey.

5. Set the analyzer to zero span by pressing

Freq and SPAN and entering 0 Hz.

State,

NOTE Due to the repetitive nature of this procedure, it may be helpful to save the

center-frequency settings in unused state registers after performing step a and step c.

1. “Model Number” will be either 70907A, 70909A, or 70910A; “n” is a number indicating the order in which the input devices were found by the input device search.

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Operation

Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A

6. To adjust the tracking between the 71000 and the 11974, perform the following steps: a. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency by pressing

Freq and CENTER and

entering the corresponding start frequency value for the mixer listed below, then save this setting in an unused register.

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

b. On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer

listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “26.5 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “33.0 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “40.0 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “50.0 GHz SET”

c. Change the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the stop frequency value

indicated below, then save this setting in an unused register:

for an 11974A: 40 GHz for an 11974Q: 50 GHz for an 11974U: 60 GHz for an 11974V: 75 GHz

d. On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer

listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “40 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “50 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “60 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “75 GHz SET”

e. Repeat step a through step d until green lights are lit at both frequencies without

additional adjustments.

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Operation

Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A

Operation

Band Selection

1. If necessary, mate the 11974 to the spectrum analyzer being used for preselected external mixing by using the procedure “Frequency Tracking Calibration” on page 66.

2. Use the following key sequence to enter the external mixing mode and to select the desired band of operation.

MENU State ext mixer fulband KAQUVE

Press the softkey for the desired band.

NOTE The above band selection key sequence must be used to enter the external

mixing band of operation. Do not enter in the center frequency of the band directly.

Amplitude Calibration for a Single Frequency

Enter the conversion loss at the desired frequency from either the calibration label on the bottom of the 11974 or the supplied calibration sheet by using the following key sequence.

State ext mixer CONV LOSS

Enter the conversion loss value of the desired frequency, then terminate the entry with

dB.

NOTE The above procedure is a single-point conversion-loss correction. For an

alternative procedure, available by remote programming only, refer to

“Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction” on page 71.

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Operation Using an 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer with an 70907B, 70909A, or 70910A

Preselector Peaking

1. Place the active marker on the desired signal to be peaked. Hint: To complete the preselector-peaking routine more quickly, place the signal at

center screen and reduce the frequency span until the sweep time is approximately 100 ms.

2. Peak the desired signal by using the following key sequence.

State pre-select PRESEL PEAK

Operation

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General Descriptions of 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzer External-Mixing Functions

ext mixer allows access to the following softkey functions that control the

measurement range when an external mixer extends the spectrum-analyzer frequency range. The ext mixer softkey can be found under the State ﬁrmkey.

fulband KAQUVE PRESEL PEAK fulband WFDGYJ PRESEL DAC CONV LOSS

fulband KAQUVE

and

fulband WFDGYJ

specify the frequency range for measurements made with external mixers. Twelve frequency bands are available. Table 3-2 lists the start and stop frequencies of each band and also shows which local-oscillator harmonic (N) is used for the mixing process. Once a band is selected, the frequency range is locked and the spectrum analyzer tunes with the local-oscillator harmonic for that band only. (Selecting a new band presets the instrument in that band.)

Table 3-2 External Mixing Bands and Associated Mixing Harmonics

Band Harmonic Number (N) Frequency Range (GHz)

K6− 18.0 to 26.5 A 8+ 26.5 to 40.0 Q 10+ 33.0 to 50.0 U 10+ 40.0 to 60.0 V 14+ 50.0 to 75.0 E 16+ 60.0 to 90.0 W 18+ 75.0 to 110.0 F 24+ 90.0 to 140.0 D 30+ 110.0 to 170.0 G 36+ 140.0 to 220.0 Y 42+ 170.0 to 260.0 J 50+ 220.0 to 330.0

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CONV LOSS (conversion loss) offsets the reference level to compensate for

amplitude losses at the active input port. If necessary, use

select input to activate the desired input port before specifying its

conversion-loss offset. To clear the offset, enter a conversion loss of zero. After instrument preset, a default value of 30 dB is activated

automatically for the input port of the external-mixer-interface module.

PRESEL PEAK (preselector peak) adjusts the tracking of the preselector ﬁlter to

yield maximum amplitude accuracy at the active marker position. If a marker is not present, PRESEL PEAK places a marker at the highest signal level.

Whenever a measurement is made, the current preselector DAC value corresponding to the selected measurement range determines the preselector tracking. Press PRESEL PEAK to repeak the preselector and store a new value in the preselector DAC. When measuring frequency spans greater than 0 Hz, the analyzer must be swept several times to peak the preselector. Thus, the analyzer requires several minutes to peak the preselector when measuring with slow sweep times. To execute the peaking function quickly, change the span to either 0 Hz or such that the sweep time is approximately 100 ms, before pressing PRESEL PEAK.

PRESEL DAC (preselector DAC) enters a value into the preselector DAC for the

frequency range corresponding to the frequency at the marker. If a marker is not present, PRESEL DAC places a marker at the center of the display.

pre-select allows access to the preselector functions when a preselector module

is in the system. The pre-select softkey can be accessed by pressing

State.

preset input sets which active input port will be selected when the INSTR

PRESET is pressed. The preset input softkey can be accessed by pressing State, then MORE.

INSTR PRESET resets to the preset input and to the lowest full frequency range

available. (For an external mixer, this is band A.) This is a front panel hardkey.

Conversion Loss Versus Frequency Correction

The 71000 Series Spectrum Analyzers with the 70907B External Mixer Interface Module installed has the amplitude-correction function (AMPCOR) available by remote programming.

Use AMPCOR to compensate for the 11974 frequency-dependent conversion-loss variations. Up to 200 pairs of frequency-amplitude correction points can be entered, depending on the amount of available internal memory. The frequency values entered must be in increasing order, or an error condition results. Whenever AMPCOR is on, the correction values are added to all measurement results.

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The values of the correction points are applied across the active measurement range. Between points, the correction values are interpolated. When measuring at frequencies outside the ﬁrst and last correction points, these values are used as the correction value.

When AMPCOR is executed, the frequency pairs are stored in internal memory. The remote commands DISPOSE ALL, FORMAT, PERASE, and

DISPOSE AMP COR erase the

amplitude-correction pairs from memory.

NOTE DISPOSE ALL, FORMAT, and PERASE erases much more then the

amplitude-correction pairs from memory. Do not use these commands without referring to the programmer’s manual for the 70000 and 70900B to determine their effect on instrument programming.

Because AMPCOR adjusts IF gain and attenuation, AMPCOR should be used with care when measuring signals near the compression level that are also at a frequency that is corrected by the AMPCOR command.

To use AMPCOR for the 11974 conversion loss correction, ﬁrst set the single-point conversion-loss function to zero with the following command:

OUTPUT 718; "CNVLOSS 0DB;"

Then build the AMPCOR table with frequency conversion loss pairs. The following example program line shows three pairs of frequency conversion-loss values for a typical 11974V.

OUTPUT 718; "AMPCOR 50GHZ, 49.6DB, 51GHZ, 49.1DB, 52GHZ,48.6DB;"

The conversion loss corrections are activated by the AMPCOR ON command; use AMPCOR OFF to deactivate the function. (Be sure to manually enter a single-point conversion-loss value if AMPCOR has been used.)

To print out an existing AMPCOR table, use the program listed below.

10 DIM A$(1:20)[30] 20 OUTPUT 718;"CNVLOSS 0DB;" 30 OUTPUT 718;"AMPCOR 50GHZ, 46.1DB, 52GHZ, 46.7DB, 53GHZ,47.2DB;" 40 ! 50 OUTPUT 718;"AMPCOR?;" 60 ENTER 718 USING "%,K";A$(*) 70 ! 80 FOR I=1 TO 10 90 PRINT "Point ";I,A$(I) 100 NEXT I 110 END

Line 30: Generates an AMPCOR table. Line 60: % speciﬁes that an EOI terminates the entire statement. K speciﬁes that

an L

terminates the individual string entry.

Returned values are in the format where the frequency in Hz is listed ﬁrst, followed by the conversion loss in dB. See the following example.

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Point 1 50.00000000E+9,46.1 Point 2 52.00000000E+9,46.7 Point 3 53.00000000E+9,47.2 Point 4 Point 5 Point 6 Point 7 Point 8 Point 9 Point 10

Returned values are 0,0 when AMPCOR is set to OFF. To dispose of an AMPCOR table, use the following command:

OUTPUT 718; "DISPOSE AMP COR;"

NOTE Be sure that there is a space between AMP and COR when using the DISPOSE

command.

For further information, consult the 70900B Local-Oscillator-Controlled Modules Programming Manual, part number 70900-90137.

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Using 8563A, 8561B, 8560A, or 8560 E-Series Spectrum Analyzers

NOTE External mixing cannot be performed on instruments with Option 002.

Preliminary Operation

Compatibility Reference

Refer to Chapter 1, “General Information,” on page 11 for information relating to retroﬁt requirements for 8561B and 8560A Spectrum Analyzers.

Equipment Connections

Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-7 on page 74 and use the following checklist to verify the connections.

• 11974 LO IN to the analyzer 1ST LO OUTPUT (SMA, 5061-5458)

• 11974 IF OUT to the analyzer IF INPUT (SMA, 5061-5458)

• 11974 TUNE IN to the analyzer J8, LO SWP|0.5V/GHz OUTPUT (BNC, 8120-1839; BNC f-f adapter, 1250-0080; BNC, 8120-2582)

• 11974 POWER SUPPLY to 11974-60028 PRESELECTOR POWER

Figure 3-7 11974 Connections Using an 8563A, 8561B,

8560A, or 8560E-Series Spectrum Analyzers

HP 8563E

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

LO SWP FAV Output

IF Out

Preselector

Power

Tune In

LO In

Power

Supply

HP 11974 SERIES

MIXER (TOP VIEW)

RF Input

1st LO Output

LO SWP 0.5V/GHz Output

J8J8

IF Input

HP 11974-60028

POWER SUPPLY

SMA Cable

yg35_2

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Operation

Using 8563A, 8561B, 8560A, or 8560 E-Series Spectrum Analyzers

Frequency Tracking Calibration

Use this procedure to align the frequency of the 11974 tracking ﬁlter to the tuned frequency of the spectrum analyzer Follow this procedure anytime the 11974 is connected to a different spectrum analyzer. Periodically check the calibration.

1. Set the 11974 rear-panel switches “8563/61/60” and “LEDS” to the ON position, and the other two switches to the OFF position, in order for the 11974 to properly scale the tune ramp of the spectrum analyzer.

2. Conﬁgure the analyzer for a preselected external mixer by pressing

EXT MXR PRE UNPR to PRE.

CONFIG and setting

3. Set the LO tuning sensitivity as follows:

For the 8564E or 8565E, press

AUX CTRL, REAR PANEL, and setting V/GHz .25 .50

to .50 For all other analyzers, press AUX CTRL, REAR PANEL, and .5 V/GHz (FAV)

4. Enter the full-band selection mode by using the following key sequence:

AUX CTRL EXTERNAL MIXER FULL BAND

Use the ⇑ or ⇓ key until the desired band is reached.

5. Set the spectrum analyzer to zero span by pressing

6. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency by pressing

SPAN, ZERO SPAN.

FREQUENCY, CENTER FREQ and

entering the corresponding value for the mixer listed below:

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

7. Initialize the preselector-peak DAC at the start of the band by using the following key sequence:

AUX CTRL EXTERNAL MIXER PRESEL PEAK PRESEL MAN ADJ

128 Hz

8. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency by pressing FREQUENCY, CENTER FREQ and entering the corresponding value for the mixer listed below:

for an 11974A: 40 GHz for an 11974Q: 50 GHz

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for an 11974U: 60 GHz for an 11974V: 75 GHz

9. Initialize the preselector-peak DAC at the end of the band by using the following key sequence:

AUX CTRL EXTERNAL MIXER PRESEL PEAK PRESEL MAN ADJ

128 Hz

NOTE Due to the repetitive nature of this procedure, it may be helpful to save the

center-frequency settings in unused state registers as indicated in step 9 and

step 11.

10.Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency by pressing

FREQUENCY, CENTER FREQ

and entering the corresponding value for the mixer listed below, then save this setting in an unused register.

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

11.On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “26.5 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “33.0 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “40.0 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “50.0 GHz SET”

12.Change the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the value indicated below, then save this setting in an unused register:

for an 11974A: 40 GHz for an 11974Q: 50 GHz for an 11974U: 60 GHz for an 11974V: 75 GHz

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13.On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “40 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “50 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “60 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “75 GHz SET”

14.Repeat step 10 through step 13 until green lights are lit at both frequencies without any additional adjustments.

Operation

Band Selection

1. If necessary, conﬁgure the analyzer for a preselected external mixer by pressing

CONFIG

and setting EXT MXR PRE UNPR to PRE.

2. Set the LO tuning sensitivity as follows:

For the 8564E or 8565G, press

AUX CTRL, REAR PANEL, and setting V/GHz .25 .50

to .50 For all other analyzers, press AUX CTRL, REAR PANEL, and .5 V/GHz (FAV)

3. If necessary, mate the 11974 to the spectrum analyzer being used for preselected external mixing by using the Frequency Tracking Calibration procedure above.

4. Use the following key sequence to enter the external mixing mode and to select the desired band of operation.

AUX CTRL EXTERNAL MIXER FULL BAND

Use the ⇑ or ⇓ key until the desired band is reached.

NOTE The above band-selection key sequence must be used to enter the external

mixing band of operation. Do not enter in the center frequency of the band directly.

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Amplitude Calibration

Enter the conversion loss table at the preset frequencies from either the calibration label on the bottom of the 11974 or the supplied calibration sheet by using the following key sequence. (Note: the analyzer automatically interpolates between the preset frequencies.)

AUX CTRL EXTERNAL MIXER AMPTD CORRECT CNV LOSS VS FREQ

Enter the conversion loss value of the indicated preset frequency, then terminate the entry with

dB.

Advance to the next preset frequency by pressing indicated frequency. Continue until the highest frequency is reached, then use the

⇓ keys to scan through the frequencies to verify or edit the conversion-loss values

⇑ and enter the conversion loss of the

⇑ and

entered.

NOTE For V band, it may be necessary to ﬁrst use the following key sequence to

initialize the average of the conversion loss versus frequency table near the values for this band.

•

AUX CTRL

• EXTERNAL MIXER

• AMPTD CORRECT

• AVERAGE CNV LOSS

• Enter in 47 and terminate with dB.

Preselector Peaking

1. Access the preselector-peak functions by pressing the following keys:

AUX CTRL EXTERNAL MIXER PRESEL PEAK

2. Place the active marker on the desired signal to be peaked.

3. Peak the desired signal by pressing

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PRESEL AUTO PK.

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Using 8563A, 8561B, 8560A, or 8560 E-Series Spectrum Analyzers

General Description of External-Mixing Functions

Operation

CONFIG, EXT MXR PRE UNPR

selects either preselected external mixing mode or unpreselected external mixing mode. This softkey sets the external mixer conﬁguration used by the softkey menu found under the

EXTERNAL MIXER softkey under AUX CTRL.

If the preselected external mixer mode is selected, rear-panel output J8 of the analyzer is automatically switched to provide an output of

1.5 V/GHz of the LO frequency, when 0.5V/GHz (FAV) is selected. The 1.5 V/GHz of the LO frequency deﬁnition is required for the 11974 Series preselected external mixers.

NOTE There are two different types of external mixers available, preselected and

unpreselected. The EXT MXR PRE UNPR softkey function applies only to the selection of the type of external mixer to be used. It does not switch the analyzer from internal to external mixing.

EXTERNAL MIXER

accesses a menu of functions that allow you to extend the frequency range using external mixers. These functions are described below.

NOTE No external mixing capabilities are available with an 8560A/E Option 002.

Resolution bandwidths less than or equal to 100 Hz are not available with external mixers.

FULL BAND

AMPTD CORRECT

AVERAGE CNV LOSS

allows you to select a commonly-used frequency band above 18 GHz. These bands are shown in Table 3-3 on page 80. Use the step keys or the knob to select a desired frequency band; the selected band appears in the active function block. Activating FULL BAND also activates the harmonic-lock function.

displays a menu of functions that set conversion losses and ﬂatness data.

displays the mean conversion loss for the current harmonic and allows you to enter new conversion loss data. In a full frequency band (such as A band), the mean conversion loss is deﬁned as the minimum loss plus the maximum loss for that band divided by two. To change the maximum and minimum values, use the

CNV LOSS VS FREQ softkey. Any change to the average conversion

loss also affects the ﬂatness data, which is described below. The default conversion loss value for each band is 30 dB.

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CNV LOSS VS FREQ

displays the stored conversion loss for a speciﬁc frequency in the current band. This allows amplitude correction to be entered to compensate for changes in conversion loss with frequency. Toenter a new value, use the data keys. To change the displayed frequency, use the step keys. Any changes to the data also affect the mean conversion loss stored under AVERAGE CNV LOSS. Table 3-3 on page 80 shows the number of ﬂatness points for each band and the default ﬂatness values. To view the correction, connect a 310.7 MHz signal of a known amplitude (approximately −30 dBm) to the IF input and set the analyzer to sweep the associated band.

Table 3-3 Flatness Points and Conversion Losses for Frequencies above 18 GHz

Frequency

Band

K 18.0 to 26.5 6 2 GHz 30 dB A 26.5 to 40.0 8 2 GHz 30 dB Q 33.0 to 50.0 7 3 GHz 30 dB U 40.0 to 60.0 6 4 GHz 30 dB V 50.0 to 75.0 6 5 GHz 30 dB

Frequency Range (GHz) Number of

Flatness Points

Point

Spacing

Default Conversion

Loss

E 60.0 to 90.0 7 5 GHz 30 dB

W 75.0 to 110.0 8 5 GHz 30 dB

F 90.0 to 140.0 6 10 GHz 30 dB D 110.0 to 170.0 7 10 GHz 30 dB G 140.0 to 220.0 9 10 GHz 30 dB

Y 170.0 to 260.0 7 15 GHz 30 dB

J 220.0 to 325.0 8 15 GHz 30 dB

PRESEL PEAK

(available only with preselected external mixing) displays the preselected external mixer softkey menu, which is described below.

This softkey menu is only available when the EXT MXR PRE UNPR softkey under CONFIG is set to “preselected” mode.

NOTE The PRESEL PEAK softkey and its lower-level softkeys are only for use with

preselected external mixers. The preselected conﬁguration must initially be set up using the EXT MXR PRE UNPR softkey under CONFIG.

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PRESEL AUTO PK

PRESEL MAN ADJ

automatically peaks the preselector of the external mixer on a desired signal on a trace. Set the trace to clear-write mode, place a marker on the desired point, then press PRESEL AUTO PK. The peaking routine zooms to zero span, peaks the preselector tracking, then returns to the original span. To read the new preselector peaking number, press PRESEL MAN ADJ.

The PRESEL AUTO PK softkey appears under three different menus—AMPLITUDE, INTERNAL MIXER, and EXTERNAL MIXER. This

PRESEL AUTO PK softkey is only available for use with preselected

external mixing. Refer to the PRESEL AUTO PK softkey under

AMPLITUDE or the INTERNAL MIXER menu of functions for use with

internal mixers. allows the user to adjust the external preselector tracking. Pressing

PRESEL MAN ADJ causes the preselector tracking number that

applies to the marker frequency to be displayed in the active function block. If no marker is active, pressing PRESEL MAN ADJ automatically activates a marker at the peak.

When the tracking number is displayed in the active function block, it can be changed using the data keys, the step keys, or the knob. This tracking number ranges from 0 to 255. It is initialized to 128 when entering the external mixer mode of operation or whenever the band number is changed. Changing the tracking number affects the data in the current data table, which may be a previously saved user data table. The resulting value, after changing this function, is only valid for the current band. Tosave this data, use the SAVE PRSEL PK softkey found under SAVE. This overwrites any previously saved preselector data regardless of whether that data was generated while using internal or external preselectors.

The PRESEL MAN ADJ softkey appears under three different menus—AMPLITUDE, INTERNAL MIXER, and EXTERNAL MIXER. This

PRESEL MAN ADJ softkey is only available for use with preselected

external mixing. Refer to the PRESEL MAN ADJ softkey under

AMPLITUDE or the INTERNAL MIXER menu of functions for use with

internal mixers.

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MARKER NORMAL u

PEAK SEARCH

NEXT PEAK

activates a single marker and places it at the center of the trace. This softkey is also annotated as MARKER DELTA, if delta-marker mode has been previously activated by the MARKER DELTA softkey under the MKR menus.

If one marker is already on, no operation takes place. If two markers are on (as in MARKER DELTA mode), pressing MARKER DELTA deletes the anchor marker and makes the active one the new, single marker. The marker reads the amplitude and the frequency (or relative time, when the frequency span equals 0 Hz), and displays these values in the active function block and in the upper-right corner of the display. To move the marker, use either the knob, the step keys, or the data keys.

The marker reads data from the currently active trace. (An active trace is one in either the clear-write or max-hold mode; this may be either trace A or trace B.) If both traces are active, or if both traces are in view mode, the marker reads data from trace A.

places a marker on the highest point on a trace. The frequency and amplitude of the marker are displayed in the upper-right corner of the screen; PEAK SEARCH does not alter the active function.

moves the active marker to the next highest trace point relative to the current marker position. This function ﬁnds successively lower peaks when the key is pressed repeatedly. The peak excursion and the peak threshold criteria are applied to determine the next highest peak.

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Operation Using 8561A/62A/62B Spectrum Analyzers

Preliminary Operation

NOTE For compatibility using an 8561A/62A/62B Spectrum Analyzer as a host to

the 11974, the appropriate Option K74 retroﬁt kit must be installed.

Equipment Connections

Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-8 on page 83 and use the following checklist to verify the connections.

• 11974 LO IN to the analyzer 1ST LO OUTPUT (SMA, 5061-5458)

• 11974 IF OUT to the analyzer IF INPUT (SMA, 5061-5458)

• 11974 TUNE IN to the analyzer J11, PSEL TUNE (BNC, 8120-1839; BNC f-f adapter, 1250-0080; BNC, 8120-2582)

• 11974 POWER SUPPLY to 11974-60028 PRESELECTOR POWER

Figure 3-8 11974 Connections Using an 8561A/62A/62B

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Frequency Tracking Calibration

Use this procedure to align the frequency of the 11974 tracking ﬁlter to the tuned frequency of the spectrum analyzer. Follow this procedure anytime that the 11974 is connected to a different spectrum analyzer. Periodically check the calibration.

1. Set the 11974 rear-panel switches 8563/61/60 and LEDS to the ON position, and the other two switches to the OFF position, in order for the 11974 to properly scale the tune ramp of the spectrum analyzer.

2. Enter the full-band selection mode by using the following key sequence:

EXT FULL BAND

Use the ⇑ or ⇓ key until the desired band is reached.

3. Apply a frequency offset of 621.4 MHz by using the following key sequence:

FREQUENCY OFFSET

Enter 621.4 and terminate with MHz. (An F should appear at the left side of the display screen to indicate that an offset is applied.)

4. Set the spectrum analyzer to zero span by pressing

SPAN ZERO SPAN.

NOTE Due to the repetitive nature of this procedure, it may be helpful to save the

center-frequency settings in unused state registers as indicated in step 5 and

step 7.

5. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency by pressing

FREQUENCY CENTER FREQ and

entering the corresponding value for the mixer listed below, then save this setting in an unused register.

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

6. On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “26.5 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “33.0 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “40.0 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “50.0 GHz SET”

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7. Change the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the value indicated below, then save this setting in an unused register:

for an 11974A: 40 GHz for an 11974Q: 50 GHz for an 11974U: 60 GHz for an 11974V: 75 GHz

8. On the rear-panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “40 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “50 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “60 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “75 GHz SET”

9. Repeat step 5 through step 8 until green lights are lit at both frequencies without any additional adjustments.

Operation

Band Selection

1. If necessary, mate the 11974 to the spectrum analyzer being used for preselected external mixing by using the Frequency Tracking Calibration procedure above.

2. Use the following key sequence to enter the external mixing mode and to select the desired band of operation.

EXT FULL BAND

Use the ⇑ or ⇓ key until the desired band is reached.

NOTE The above band-selection key sequence must be used to enter the external

mixing band of operation. Do not enter in the center frequency of the band directly.

3. Apply a frequency offset of 621.4 MHz by using the following key sequence:

FREQUENCY OFFSET

Enter 621.4 and terminate with MHz. (An F should appear at the left side of the display screen to indicate that an offset is applied.)

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Amplitude Calibration

Enter the conversion loss table at the preset frequencies from either the calibration label on the bottom of the 11974 or the supplied calibration sheet, by using the following key sequence. (Note: the analyzer automatically interpolates between the preset frequencies.)

EXT AMPTD CORRECT CNV LOSS VS FREQ

Enter the conversion loss value of the indicated preset frequency, then terminate the entry with

dB.

Advance to the next preset frequency by pressing indicated frequency. Continue until the highest frequency is reached, then use the

⇓ keys to scan through the frequencies to verify or edit the conversion-loss values

⇑ and enter the conversion loss of the

⇑ and

entered.

NOTE For V band, it may be necessary to ﬁrst use the following key sequence to

initialize the average of the conversion loss versus frequency table near the values for this band.

•

EXT

• AMPTD CORRECT

• AVERAGE CNV LOSS

• Enter 47 and terminate with dB.

Preselector Peaking

There is no

PRESEL AUTO PK or PRESEL MAN ADJ softkey function for the 8561A/62A/62B,

when in the external mixing mode. Therefore, to maximize the amplitude of the desired signal, use an adjustment tool to vary the corresponding low-frequency potentiometer located on the rear panel. The low-frequency potentiometer for mixer bands are listed below:

for an 11974A: “26.5 GHz SET” for an 11974Q: “33.0 GHz SET” for an 11974U: “40.0 GHz SET” for an 11974V: “50.0 GHz SET”

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Sweep Time Considerations

For optimum amplitude accuracy, the sweep rate must be less than 40 MHz/ms, according to the table below.

Table 3-4 Minimum Sweep Time

Frequency Span (GHz) Minimum Sweep Time (ms)

25 625 20 500 17 425 15 375

13.5 338 10 250

5 125

< 2 50

General Description of 8561A/62A/62B External-Mixing Functions

FULL BAND allows you to select a commonly-used frequency band above 18 GHz.

These bands are shown in Table 3-5 on page 88. Use the step keys or the knob to select a desired frequency band; the selected band appears in the active function block. Activating FULL BAND also activates the harmonic-lock function.

AMPTD CORRECT

AVERAGE CNV LOSS

CNV LOSS VS FREQ

displays a menu of functions that set conversion losses and ﬂatness data.

CNV LOSS VS FREQ softkey. Any change to the average conversion

loss also affects the ﬂatness data, which is described below. The default conversion loss value for each band is 30 dB.

displays the stored conversion loss for a speciﬁc frequency in the current band. This allows amplitude correction to be entered to compensate for changes in conversion loss with frequency. Toenter a new value, use the data keys. To change the displayed frequency, use the step keys. Any changes to the data also affect the mean conversion loss stored under AVERAGE CNV LOSS. Table 3-5 on page 88 shows the number of ﬂatness points for each band and the default ﬂatness values. To view the correction, connect a 310.7 MHz signal of a known amplitude (approximately −30 dBm) to the IF input and set the analyzer to sweep the associated band.

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Table 3-5 Flatness Points and Conversion Losses for Frequencies above 18 GHz

Frequency

Band

Frequency Range (GHz) Number of

Flatness Points

Point

Spacing

K 18.0 to 26.5 6 2 GHz 30 dB A 26.5 to 40.0 8 2 GHz 30 dB Q 33.0 to 50.0 7 3 GHz 30 dB

U 40.0 to 60.0 6 4 GHz 30 dB

V 50.0 to 75.0 6 5 GHz 30 dB E 60.0 to 90.0 7 5 GHz 30 dB

W 75.0 to 110.0 8 5 GHz 30 dB

F 90.0 to 140.0 6 10 GHz 30 dB D 110.0 to 170.0 7 10 GHz 30 dB G 140.0 to 220.0 9 10 GHz 30 dB Y 170.0 to 260.0 7 15 GHz 30 dB

J 220.0 to 325.0 8 15 GHz 30 dB

MARKER NORMAL

Default Conversion

Loss

PEAK SEARCH

The marker reads data from the currently active trace. (An active trace is one that is in either the clear-write or max-hold mode; this may be either trace A or trace B.) If both traces are active, or if both traces are in view mode, the marker reads data from trace A.

places a marker on the highest point on a trace. The frequency and amplitude of the marker are displayed in the upper-right corner of the screen; PEAK SEARCH does not alter the active function.

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4 Performance Tests

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Performance Tests

Introduction

This section contains instructions for testing the performance of the 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers. Performance tests are used to check the mixers at incoming inspection and for periodic evaluation. The tests verify the speciﬁcations listed for the 11974 Series in Table 1-1 on page 19.

Test equipment required for the performance tests is listed in the following tables:

11974A—Table 4-1 on page 93, 11974Q—Table 4-2 on page 94, 11974U—Table 4-3 on page 95, 11974V—Table 4-4 on page 96.

You may use test instruments other than those listed, provided their performance equals or exceeds the critical speciﬁcations in these tables.

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Test Record Summary

The performance test record summary (Table 4-6 on page 126), which is used for recording and summarizing the performance test data, at the end of this chapter. The test record summary includes the measurement uncertainty for each band, calculated as the root sum square of the error terms. A test record summary has been provided for each band, therefore use the appropriate pages in Table 4-6 for your band.

Data tables (Table 4-7 on page 131, Table 4-8 on page 134, Table 4-9 on page 135,

Table 4-10 on page 136, and Table 4-11 on page 136) immediately follow the performance

test record summary. Make copies of these tables and use them as worksheets when performing the tests. The data tables can then be used to summarize the results for the performance test record summary.

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Each performance test is contained in a single paragraph. All speciﬁcations for the parameters being measured are described in Table 1-1 on page 19. This is followed by a general description of the test and any special instructions or problem areas. Appropriate test setup illustrations are included in this section and are referenced in the test procedures.

NOTE The performance test procedures must be performed in the order that they

appear.

“1. Conversion Loss” on page 101 “2. Image Rejection Test” on page 106 “3. Multiple Response Rejection Test” on page 110 “4. Displayed Average Noise Level” on page 118 “5. 3 dB Bandwidth” on page 122

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Table 4-1 Recommended Test Equipment for 11974A

Instrument Critical Speciﬁcations Recommended

Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with 11974A

SWEEP + TUNE voltage compatible with

11974A.

Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 13.25 to 20 GHz

8566B w/serialpreﬁx 2948

or later

8340B

External leveling capability Subharmonics and multiples thereof: <−25 dBc

Ampliﬁer Frequency Range: 3 to 5 GHz

11975A

Output Level: +16 dBm leveled

Ampliﬁer 15 dB gain from 13.25 to 20 GHz

8349B Compatible with mm-wave source module Non-harmonic spurious: <−50 dBc

Power Meter Compatible with thermistor mount 432A Thermistor Mount SWR: <2.0 from 26.5 to 40 GHz R486A Power Sensor SWR: <1.2 at 5 GHz 8481A Power Meter Compatible with power sensor 436A Directional Coupler Coupling: 10 dB

R752CS

Directivity: >40 dB Primary line SWR: 1.04 Auxiliary arm SWR: 1.05

Isolator Insertion Loss: <1.5 dB

R365A Isolation: >25 dB SWR: <1.4

Millimeter-Wave

Source Module

Output power: +2 dBm leveled Output SWR: <2.0

83554A

Harmonically related spurious signals: <−20 dBc

Waveguide Straights 5 cm minimum

R896B SWR: <1.016

a. If an 8340A is used, the 1.0 V/GHz output will have to be modiﬁed to a 0.5 V/GHz output

for proper display accuracy, leveling ﬂatness, and harmonic suppression. Provided with your mm-wave source module is a set of modiﬁcation instructions. This modiﬁcation procedure will enable you to properly convert your 8340A to a 0.5 V/GHz output.

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Table 4-2 Recommended Test Equipment for 11974Q

Instrument Critical Speciﬁcations Recommended

Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with 11974Q

SWEEP + TUNE voltage compatible with

11974Q.

Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 11 to 17 GHz

8566B w/serialpreﬁx2948

or later 8340B

External leveling capability Subharmonics and multiples thereof: <−25 dBc

Ampliﬁer Frequency Range: 3 to 5 GHz

11975A

Output level: +16 dBm leveled

Ampliﬁer 15 dB gain from 11 to 17 GHz

8349B Compatible with mm-wave source module Non-harmonic spurious: <−50 dBc

Power Meter Compatible with thermistor mount 432A Thermistor Mount SWR: <2.0 from 33 to 50 GHz Hughes

45772H-1100

Power Sensor SWR: <1.2 at 5 GHz 8481A Power Meter Compatible with power sensor 436A

Directional Coupler Coupling: 10 dB

Q752C Directivity: >40 dB Primary line SWR: <1.05 Auxiliary arm SWR: <1.1

Isolator Insertion Loss: <1.6 dB

Q365A Isolation: >25 dB SWR: <1.4

Millimeter-Wave

Source Module

Output power: +2 dBm leveled Output SWR: <2.0

83555A

Harmonically related spurious signals: <−20 dBc

Waveguide Straights 5 cm minimum

Q896B SWR: <1.016

a. If an 8340A is used, the 1.0 V/GHz output will have to be modiﬁed to a 0.5 V/GHz output

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Table 4-3 Recommended Test Equipment for 11974U

Instrument Critical Speciﬁcations Recommended

Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with 11974U

SWEEP + TUNE voltage compatible with

11974U.

Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 13 to 20 GHz

8566B w/serialpreﬁx2948

or later

8340B

External leveling capability Subharmonics and multiples thereof: <−25 dBc

Ampliﬁer Frequency Range: 4 to 6 GHz

11975A

Output Level: +16 dBm leveled

Ampliﬁer 15 dB gain from 13 to 20 GHz

8349B Compatible with mm-wave source module Non-harmonic spurious: <−50 dBc

Power Meter Compatible with thermistor mount 432A Thermistor mount SWR: <2.0 from 40 to 60 GHz Hughes

45773H-1100

Power Sensor SWR: <1.2 at 5 GHz 8481A Power Meter Compatible with power sensor 436A

Directional Coupler Coupling: 10 dB

U752C Directivity: >39 dB Primary line SWR: 1.06 Auxiliary arm SWR: 1.1

Isolator Insertion Loss: <1.8 dB

U365A Isolation: >25 dB SWR: <1.4

Millimeter-Wave

Source Module

Output power: +2 dBm leveled Output SWR: <2.0

83556A

Harmonically related spurious signals: <−20 dBc

Waveguide Straights 5 cm minimum

U896B SWR: <1.016

a. If an 8340A is used, the 1.0 V/GHz output will have to be modiﬁed to a 0.5 V/GHz output

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Table 4-4 Recommended Test Equipment for 11974V

Instrument Critical Speciﬁcations Recommended

Model

Spectrum Analyzer LO and IF ranges compatible with 11974V

SWEEP + TUNE voltage compatible with

11974V.

Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 12.5 to 19 GHz

External leveling capability Subharmonics and multiples thereof: <−25 dBc

Ampliﬁer Frequency Range: 4 to 6 GHz

Output level: +16 dBm leveled

Ampliﬁer 15 dB gain from 13 to 20 GHz

Compatible with mm-wave source module

Non-harmonic spurious: <−50 dBc Power Meter Compatible with thermistor mount 432A Thermistor Mount SWR: <2.0 from 50 to 75 GHz Hughes

Power Sensor SWR: <1.2 at 5 GHz 8481A Power Meter Compatible with power sensor 436A

8566B w/serialpreﬁx 2948

or later

8341B

Option 003

11975A

8349B

45774H-1100

Directional Coupler Coupling: 10 dB

Directivity: >36 dB

Primary line SWR: 1.08

Auxiliary arm SWR: 1.14 Isolator Insertion Loss: <2.0 dB

Isolation: >25 dB

SWR: <1.5 Millimeter-Wave

Source Module

Waveguide Straights 5 cm minimum

Output power: +2 dBm leveled

Output SWR: <2.0

Harmonically related spurious signals: <−20 dBc

SWR: <1.02

V752C

V365A

83557A

V896B

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Table 4-5 Recommended Accessories for All Bands

Accessory Critical Speciﬁcations Recommended

Model

Adapter (1 required) SMA (f) to Type N (f) 1250-1772 Adapter (1 required) Type N (m) to APC 3.5 (f) 1250-1744 Cables (3 required) Connectors: SMA (m) 5061-5458 Cable (1 required) Connectors: APC 3.5 (m) 11500E Cables (5 required) Connectors: BNC (m) 10503A

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Performance Test Procedures

Figure 4-1 Performance Tests Setup

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Frequency Tracking Calibration with an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer

NOTE In order for the 8566B to be compatible with the 11974 Series Preselected

Millimeter Mixer, it must have a serial preﬁx of 2948 or later. If not, retroﬁt kit 8566B K74 must be installed before using an 8566B for the testing of the

11974.

1. Connect the IF OUT of the 11974 to the IF INPUT of the spectrum analyzer, the spectrum analyzer 1ST LO OUTPUT to the INPUT of the 11975A Ampliﬁer, and the 11975A Ampliﬁer OUTPUT to the LO IN of the 11974.

CAUTION When you are using an 11975A Ampliﬁer with an 11974, you must set the

ampliﬁer rear-panelALC switch to ON before you connect the ampliﬁer to the test setup. If the ALC switch is left in the OFF position, the ampliﬁer output power is high enough to destroy the mixer diodes.

2. Connect the SWEEP + TUNE OUT of the spectrum analyzer to the TUNE IN of the

11974.

3. Set the 11974 rear-panel switches

8563A/61B/60A and 70907B switches to the OFF position, for the 11974 to properly scale

the tune ramp of the analyzer.

4. Set the spectrum analyzer to the correct millimeter band using the following key sequence for the appropriate mixer:

for an 11974A: SHIFT ⇑⇑ for an 11974Q: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974U: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974V: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑⇑

5. On the spectrum analyzer, set the preselector DAC to 32 (the center of its 0–63 range) by pressing

6. Set the spectrum analyzer to a frequency span of 0 Hz by pressing

FREQUENCY SPAN 0 Hz.

NOTE Due to the repetitive nature of this procedure, it may be helpful to save the

SHIFT GHz 32 Hz.

center-frequency settings as indicated in step 7 and step 9 in unused state registers.

8566B and LEDS to the ON position, and the

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7. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the low end of the band by pressing

CENTER FREQUENCY and entering the corresponding value for the mixer listed below.

Save this setting in an unused register.

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

8. On the rear panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer listed below, until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “26.5 GHz Set” for an 11974Q: “33.0 GHz Set” for an 11974U: “40.0 GHz Set” for an 11974V: “50.0 GHz Set”

9. Change the spectrum analyzer center frequency to the high end of the band as indicated below, then save this setting in an unused register:

for an 11974A: 40 GHz for an 11974Q: 50 GHz for an 11974U: 60 GHz for an 11974V: 75 GHz

10.On the rear panel of the 11974, adjust the corresponding potentiometer for the mixer

listed below, until one or both of the green LEDs are lit.

for an 11974A: “40 GHz Set” for an 11974Q: “50 GHz Set” for an 11974U: “60 GHz Set” for an 11974V: “75 GHz Set”

11.Repeat step 7 through step 10 until the green LEDs are lit at both frequencies without

additional adjustments.

NOTE Upon completion of this adjustment procedure, and before taking data, use

the spectrum analyzer preselector-peak function to peak the 11974 ﬁlter on signals to be measured.

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1. Conversion Loss

Description

The conversion loss is checked at a nominal local-oscillator power level. A known input power is applied to the input of the 11974. The IF output power is measured on an 8566B Spectrum Analyzer. From the measurements, the conversion loss is calculated. The calibration factors versus frequency of the millimeter-wave power-meter sensor and the coupling factors versus frequency of the coupler are needed in this measurement.

Procedure

1. Connect an SMA cable from the 1ST LO OUTPUT of the spectrum analyzer to the INPUT of the 11975A Ampliﬁer. Connect a second SMA cable to the OUTPUT of the ampliﬁer.

2. Connect the 8481A Power Sensor to the power-meter sensor cable, then zero and calibrate the 436A Power Meter.

3. Set the spectrum analyzer controls as follows:

SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑ (selects U Band)

FREQUENCY SPAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 Hz

CENTER FREQUENCY (sets the LO frequency to 5.0 GHz). . . . . . .50.3 GHz

CAUTION When you are using an 11975A Ampliﬁer with an 11974, you must set the

4. On the 11975A Ampliﬁer, set the rear-panel ALC switch to ON. Connect the 8481A Power Sensor to the free end of the cable installed on the OUTPUT connector of the ampliﬁer listed in step 1. Set the 436A Power-Meter Cal Factor % to the appropriate value for a frequency of 5 GHz.

5. Adjust the ampliﬁer OUTPUT POWER LEVEL for a reading of +15.2 dBm ±0.1 dBm on the power meter.

6. Set the 432A Power Meter Cal Factor % to 100 percent.

7. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 4-1 on page 98.

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CAUTION Turn off the ac power on the 8349B Ampliﬁer prior to connecting or

disconnecting the source module interface cable. Turn off the ac power on the 11974-60028 Preselector Power Supply when

either connecting or disconnecting the 11974 from it. On the 11974 rear panel, set the instrument select switches to the

appropriate settings before applying power to the 11974.

8. Turn off the RF power on the synthesized sweeper and zero the 432A Power Meter.

9. Enter the appropriate millimeter-wave source module frequency multiplication factor into the synthesized sweeper by pressing

SHIFT START FREQ and then press the

following keys (on the synthesized sweeper) for the appropriate band listed below:

for an 11974A:

2Hz

for an 11974Q: 3Hz for an 11974U: 3Hz for an 11974V: 4Hz

10.Set the synthesized sweeper for a CW signal at the frequency listed below:

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33.0 GHz for an 11974U: 40.0 GHz for an 11974V: 50.0 GHz

11.Set the synthesized sweeper frequency step to 500 MHz by pressing

12.Activate external leveling on the synthesized sweeper by pressing

SHIFT CF 500 MHz.

XTAL.

13.Adjust the output power of the synthesized sweeper for a reading of approximately 0 dBm on the 8349B display.

14.Set the spectrum analyzer to the appropriate millimeter band by using the appropriate key sequence listed below:

for an 11974A:

SHIFT ⇑⇑

for an 11974Q: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974U: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑ for an 11974V: SHIFT ⇑⇑⇑⇑⇑

15.Set the spectrum analyzer controls as follows:

SHIFT, 5, MHz, 0, and dB (sets external mixer conversion loss to 0 dB)

FREQUENCY SPAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 MHz

ENTER dB/DIV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 dB

CF STEP SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 MHz

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16.Set the reference level of the spectrum analyzer by pressing REFERENCE LEVEL and entering the corresponding value for the appropriate band listed below:

for an 11974A: −40 dBm for an 11974Q: −40 dBm for an 11974U: −40 dBm for an 11974V: −55 dBm

17.Set the center frequency of the spectrum analyzer by pressing

CENTER FREQUENCY and

entering the corresponding value for the appropriate band listed below:

for an 11974A: 26.5 GHz for an 11974Q: 33 GHz for an 11974U: 40 GHz for an 11974V: 50 GHz

18.On the spectrum analyzer, press MARKER

PEAK SEARCH and PRESEL PEAK.

19.Record the following values in Table 4-7 on page 131.

Marker Frequency Marker Amplitude Power Meter Reading Cal Factor % or Correction Factor (dB) Directional Coupler Coupling Factor

NOTE For the purpose of this measurement, the directional coupler coupling factor

is deﬁned as the ratio of the power at the output ﬂange to the power at the coupled ﬂange.

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20.Calculate the conversion loss (CL) of the 11974 with the equations given below. If the power meter calibration factor is given in % or decimal form, for example, 93% or

0.93, then:

CL = Power Meter Reading − 10 × log (Cal Factor) − SA Marker Amplitude − Coupling Factor

If the power meter correction factor is given in dB, then:

CL = Pwr Mtr Reading + Pwr Mtr Correction Factor − SA Marker Amplitude − Coupling Factor

For Example:

Power Meter Reading = −0.03 dBm Cal Factor = 94.8%

Correction Factor = 0.23 dB Spectrum Analyzer Reading = −44.78 dBm Coupling Factor = 8.93 dB

then:

Conversion Loss = (−0.03) − 10 × log(.948) − (−44.78 dBm) −8.93 dB = 36.05 dB or Conversion Loss = (−0.03) + (0.23 dB) − (−44.78 dBm) −8.93 dB = 36.05 dB.

Record the conversion loss in Table 4-7 on page 131.

NOTE The conversion loss indicated on the 11974 calibration label includes the loss

in the IF cable. If another cable other than the speciﬁed cable is used, then the loss in that cable must be compensated for when making amplitude measurements.

21.Increase the frequency of the synthesized sweeper 500 MHz by pressing

22.Turn off the RF power on the synthesized sweeper by pressing

RF and zero the 432A

CW ⇑.

Power Meter, then turn the synthesized sweeper RF power back on again.

23.On the spectrum analyzer, press

CENTER FREQUENCY ⇑ to increase the spectrum

analyzer frequency.

24.On the spectrum analyzer, press MARKER

104 Chapter4

PEAK SEARCH and PRESEL PEAK.